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Baragetti A, Da Dalt L, Norata GD. New insights into the therapeutic options to lower lipoprotein(a). Eur J Clin Invest 2024:e14254. [PMID: 38778431 DOI: 10.1111/eci.14254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevated levels of lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] represent a risk factor for cardiovascular disease including aortic valve stenosis, myocardial infarction and stroke. While the patho-physiological mechanisms linking Lp(a) with atherosclerosis are not fully understood, from genetic studies that lower Lp(a) levels protect from CVD independently of other risk factors including lipids and lipoproteins. Hereby, Lp(a) has been considered an appealing pharmacological target. RESULTS However, approved lipid lowering therapies such as statins, ezetimibe or PCSK9 inhibitors have a neutral to modest effect on Lp(a) levels, thus prompting the development of new strategies selectively targeting Lp(a). These include antisense oligonucleotides and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) directed towards apolipoprotein(a) [Apo(a)], which are in advanced phase of clinical development. More recently, additional approaches including inhibitors of Apo(a) and gene editing approaches via CRISPR-Cas9 technology entered early clinical development. CONCLUSION If the results from the cardiovascular outcome trials, designed to demonstrate whether the reduction of Lp(a) of more than 80% as observed with pelacarsen, olpasiran or lepodisiran translates into the decrease of cardiovascular mortality and major adverse cardiovascular events, will be positive, lowering Lp(a) will become a new additional target in the management of patients with elevated cardiovascular risk.
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Grants
- RF-2019-12370896 Ministero Della Salute, Ricerca Finalizzata
- Ministero Dell'Università e Della Ricerca, CARDINNOV, ERA4 Health, GAN°101095426, the EU Horizon Europe Research and Innovation Programe
- PRIN-PNRRR2022P202294PHK Ministero Dell'Università e Della Ricerca, Progetti di Rilevante Interesse Nazionale
- PRIN2022KTSAT Ministero Dell'Università e Della Ricerca, Progetti di Rilevante Interesse Nazionale
- NANOKOSEUROPEAID/173691/DD/ACT/XK European Commission
- Ministero Dell'Università e Della Ricerca, Progetti di Rilevante Interesse Nazionale PNRR Missione 4, Progetto CN3-National Center for Gene Therpay and Drugs based on RNA Technology
- Ministero Dell'Università e Della Ricerca, Progetti di Rilevante Interesse Nazionale, MUSA-Multilayered Urban Sustainabiliy Action
- PNRR-MAD-2022-12375913 Ministero Dell'Università e Della Ricerca, Progetti di Rilevante Interesse Nazionale
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Affiliation(s)
- A Baragetti
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences "Rodolfo Paoletti", Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - L Da Dalt
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences "Rodolfo Paoletti", Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - G D Norata
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences "Rodolfo Paoletti", Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
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2
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Nour J, Bonacina F, Norata GD. Gonadal sex vs genetic sex in experimental atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 2023; 384:117277. [PMID: 37775425 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2023.117277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological data and interventional studies with hormone replacement therapy suggest that women, at least until menopause, are at decreased cardiovascular risk compared to men. Still the molecular mechanisms beyond this difference are debated and the investigation in experimental models of atherosclerosis has been pivotal to prove that the activation of the estrogen receptor is atheroprotective, despite not enough to explain the differences reported in cardiovascular disease between male and female. This casts also for investigating the importance of the sex chromosome complement (genetic sex) beyond the contribution of sex hormones (gonadal sex) on atherosclerosis. Aim of this review is to present the dualism between gonadal sex and genetic sex with a focus on the data available from experimental models. The molecular mechanisms driving changes in lipid metabolism, immuno-inflammatory reactivity and vascular response in males and females that affect atherosclerosis progression will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Nour
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences "Rodolfo Paoletti", University of Milan, Italy
| | - Fabrizia Bonacina
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences "Rodolfo Paoletti", University of Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe D Norata
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences "Rodolfo Paoletti", University of Milan, Italy.
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3
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Bellini R, Moregola A, Nour J, Uboldi P, Bonacina F, Norata GD. Dendritic cell immunoreceptor 2 (DCIR2) deficiency decreases hepatic conventional dendritic cell content but not the progression of diet-induced obesity. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e1024. [PMID: 37904682 PMCID: PMC10599273 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Inflammatory pathways and immune system dysregulation participate in the onset and progression of cardiometabolic diseases. The dendritic cell immunoreceptor 2 (DCIR2) is a C-type lectin receptor mainly expressed by conventional type 2 dendritic cells, involved in antigen recognition and in the modulation of T cell response. Here, we investigated the effect of DCIR2 deficiency during the development of obesity. METHODS DCIR2 KO mice and the WT counterpart were fed with high-fat diet (HFD) for 20 weeks. Weight gain, glucose and insulin tolerance were assessed, parallel to immune cell subset profiling and histological analysis. RESULTS After HFD feeding, DCIR2 KO mice presented altered conventional dendritic cell distribution within the liver without affecting markers of hepatic inflammation. These observations were liver restricted, since immune profile of metabolic and lymphoid organs-namely adipose tissue, spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes-did not show differences between the two groups. This reflected in a similar metabolic profile of DCIR2 KO compared to WT mice, characterized by comparable body weight gain as well as adipose tissues, spleen, Peyer's patches and mesenteric lymph nodes weight at sacrifice. Also, insulin response was similar in both groups. CONCLUSION Our data show that DCIR2 has a redundant role in the progression of diet-induced obesity and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Bellini
- Department of Excellence of Pharmacological and Biomolecular SciencesUniversità degli Studi di MilanoMilanItaly
| | - Annalisa Moregola
- Department of Excellence of Pharmacological and Biomolecular SciencesUniversità degli Studi di MilanoMilanItaly
| | - Jasmine Nour
- Department of Excellence of Pharmacological and Biomolecular SciencesUniversità degli Studi di MilanoMilanItaly
| | - Patrizia Uboldi
- Department of Excellence of Pharmacological and Biomolecular SciencesUniversità degli Studi di MilanoMilanItaly
| | - Fabrizia Bonacina
- Department of Excellence of Pharmacological and Biomolecular SciencesUniversità degli Studi di MilanoMilanItaly
| | - Giuseppe D. Norata
- Department of Excellence of Pharmacological and Biomolecular SciencesUniversità degli Studi di MilanoMilanItaly
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4
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Svecla M, Nour J, Bladergroen MR, Nicolardi S, Zhang T, Beretta G, Wuhrer M, Norata GD, Falck D. Impact of Asialoglycoprotein Receptor and Mannose Receptor Deficiency on Murine Plasma N-glycome Profiles. Mol Cell Proteomics 2023; 22:100615. [PMID: 37414249 PMCID: PMC10462831 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2023.100615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR) and the mannose receptor C-type 1 (MRC1) are well known for their selective recognition and clearance of circulating glycoproteins. Terminal galactose and N-Acetylgalactosamine are recognized by ASGPR, while terminal mannose, fucose, and N-Acetylglucosamine are recognized by MRC1. The effects of ASGPR and MRC1 deficiency on the N-glycosylation of individual circulating proteins have been studied. However, the impact on the homeostasis of the major plasma glycoproteins is debated and their glycosylation has not been mapped with high molecular resolution in this context. Therefore, we evaluated the total plasma N-glycome and plasma proteome of ASGR1 and MRC1 deficient mice. ASGPR deficiency resulted in an increase in O-acetylation of sialic acids accompanied by higher levels of apolipoprotein D, haptoglobin, and vitronectin. MRC1 deficiency decreased fucosylation without affecting the abundance of the major circulating glycoproteins. Our findings confirm that concentrations and N-glycosylation of the major plasma proteins are tightly controlled and further suggest that glycan-binding receptors have redundancy, allowing compensation for the loss of one major clearance receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Svecla
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - J Nour
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - M R Bladergroen
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - S Nicolardi
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - T Zhang
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - G Beretta
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - M Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - G D Norata
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; Centro SISA per lo studio dell'Aterosclerosi, Ospedale Bassini, Cinisello Balsamo, Italy
| | - D Falck
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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5
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Hendrix S, Kingma J, Ottenhoff R, Valiloo M, Svecla M, Zijlstra LF, Sachdev V, Kovac K, Levels JHM, Jongejan A, de Boer JF, Kuipers F, Rimbert A, Norata GD, Loregger A, Zelcer N. Hepatic SREBP signaling requires SPRING to govern systemic lipid metabolism in mice and humans. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5181. [PMID: 37626055 PMCID: PMC10457316 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40943-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SREBPs) are transcription factors that govern cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism. We recently identified SPRING as a post-transcriptional regulator of SREBP activation. Constitutive or inducible global ablation of Spring in mice is not tolerated, and we therefore develop liver-specific Spring knockout mice (LKO). Transcriptomics and proteomics analysis reveal attenuated SREBP signaling in livers and hepatocytes of LKO mice. Total plasma cholesterol is reduced in male and female LKO mice in both the low-density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein fractions, while triglycerides are unaffected. Loss of Spring decreases hepatic cholesterol and triglyceride content due to diminished biosynthesis, which coincides with reduced very-low-density lipoprotein secretion. Accordingly, LKO mice are protected from fructose diet-induced hepatosteatosis. In humans, we find common genetic SPRING variants that associate with circulating high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and ApoA1 levels. This study positions SPRING as a core component of hepatic SREBP signaling and systemic lipid metabolism in mice and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Hendrix
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences and Gastroenterology and Metabolism, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jenina Kingma
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences and Gastroenterology and Metabolism, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roelof Ottenhoff
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences and Gastroenterology and Metabolism, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Masoud Valiloo
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences and Gastroenterology and Metabolism, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Monika Svecla
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Lobke F Zijlstra
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences and Gastroenterology and Metabolism, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vinay Sachdev
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences and Gastroenterology and Metabolism, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kristina Kovac
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences and Gastroenterology and Metabolism, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes H M Levels
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aldo Jongejan
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Bioinformatics Laboratory, of Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan F de Boer
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Folkert Kuipers
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Antoine Rimbert
- l'institut du thorax, Nantes Université, CNRS, INSERM, F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - Giuseppe D Norata
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Anke Loregger
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences and Gastroenterology and Metabolism, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Myllia Biotechnology GmbH, Am Kanal 27, 1110, Vienna, Austria
| | - Noam Zelcer
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences and Gastroenterology and Metabolism, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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6
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Tschiderer L, Seekircher L, Izzo R, Mancusi C, Manzi MV, Baldassarre D, Amato M, Tremoli E, Veglia F, Tuomainen TP, Kauhanen J, Voutilainen A, Iglseder B, Lind L, Rundek T, Desvarieux M, Kato A, de Groot E, Aşçi G, Ok E, Agewall S, Beulens JWJ, Byrne CD, Calder PC, Gerstein HC, Gresele P, Klingenschmid G, Nagai M, Olsen MH, Parraga G, Safarova MS, Sattar N, Skilton M, Stehouwer CDA, Uthoff H, van Agtmael MA, van der Heijden AA, Zozulińska-Ziółkiewicz DA, Park HW, Lee MS, Bae JH, Beloqui O, Landecho MF, Plichart M, Ducimetiere P, Empana JP, Bokemark L, Bergström G, Schmidt C, Castelnuovo S, Calabresi L, Norata GD, Grigore L, Catapano A, Zhao D, Wang M, Liu J, Ikram MA, Kavousi M, Bots ML, Sweeting MJ, Lorenz MW, Willeit P. Association of Intima-Media Thickness Measured at the Common Carotid Artery With Incident Carotid Plaque: Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis of 20 Prospective Studies. J Am Heart Assoc 2023:e027657. [PMID: 37301757 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.122.027657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Background The association between common carotid artery intima-media thickness (CCA-IMT) and incident carotid plaque has not been characterized fully. We therefore aimed to precisely quantify the relationship between CCA-IMT and carotid plaque development. Methods and Results We undertook an individual participant data meta-analysis of 20 prospective studies from the Proof-ATHERO (Prospective Studies of Atherosclerosis) consortium that recorded baseline CCA-IMT and incident carotid plaque involving 21 494 individuals without a history of cardiovascular disease and without preexisting carotid plaque at baseline. Mean baseline age was 56 years (SD, 9 years), 55% were women, and mean baseline CCA-IMT was 0.71 mm (SD, 0.17 mm). Over a median follow-up of 5.9 years (5th-95th percentile, 1.9-19.0 years), 8278 individuals developed first-ever carotid plaque. We combined study-specific odds ratios (ORs) for incident carotid plaque using random-effects meta-analysis. Baseline CCA-IMT was approximately log-linearly associated with the odds of developing carotid plaque. The age-, sex-, and trial arm-adjusted OR for carotid plaque per SD higher baseline CCA-IMT was 1.40 (95% CI, 1.31-1.50; I2=63.9%). The corresponding OR that was further adjusted for ethnicity, smoking, diabetes, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, low- and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and lipid-lowering and antihypertensive medication was 1.34 (95% CI, 1.24-1.45; I2=59.4%; 14 studies; 16 297 participants; 6381 incident plaques). We observed no significant effect modification across clinically relevant subgroups. Sensitivity analysis restricted to studies defining plaque as focal thickening yielded a comparable OR (1.38 [95% CI, 1.29-1.47]; I2=57.1%; 14 studies; 17 352 participants; 6991 incident plaques). Conclusions Our large-scale individual participant data meta-analysis demonstrated that CCA-IMT is associated with the long-term risk of developing first-ever carotid plaque, independent of traditional cardiovascular risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Tschiderer
- Institute of Health Economics Medical University of Innsbruck Innsbruck Austria
| | - Lisa Seekircher
- Institute of Health Economics Medical University of Innsbruck Innsbruck Austria
| | - Raffaele Izzo
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences Federico II University Naples Italy
| | - Costantino Mancusi
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences Federico II University Naples Italy
| | - Maria V Manzi
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences Federico II University Naples Italy
| | - Damiano Baldassarre
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine University of Milan Milan Italy
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino Stituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Milan Italy
| | - Mauro Amato
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino Stituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Milan Italy
| | | | | | - Tomi-Pekka Tuomainen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition University of Eastern Finland Kuopio Finland
| | - Jussi Kauhanen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition University of Eastern Finland Kuopio Finland
| | - Ari Voutilainen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition University of Eastern Finland Kuopio Finland
| | - Bernhard Iglseder
- Department of Geriatric Medicine Gemeinnützige Salzburger Landeskliniken Betriebsgesellschaft GmbH Christian-Doppler-Klinik Salzburg Austria
- Department of Geriatric Medicine Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg Austria
| | - Lars Lind
- Department of Medicine Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden
| | - Tatjana Rundek
- Department of Neurology University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL
| | - Moise Desvarieux
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health Columbia University New York NY
- METHODS Core, Centre de Recherche Epidémiologie et Statistique Paris Sorbonne Cité Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité Mixte de Recherche 1153 Paris France
| | - Akihiko Kato
- Blood Purification Unit Hamamatsu University Hospital Hamamatsu Japan
| | - Eric de Groot
- Imagelabonline and Cardiovascular Erichem the Netherlands
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam University Medical Center-Academic Medical Centre Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - Gülay Aşçi
- Nephrology Department Ege University School of Medicine Bornova-Izmir Turkey
| | - Ercan Ok
- Nephrology Department Ege University School of Medicine Bornova-Izmir Turkey
| | - Stefan Agewall
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital Division of Cardiology Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
- Institute of Clinical Sciences University of Oslo Oslo Norway
| | - Joline W J Beulens
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam University Medical Center-Location Vrije Universiteit Medical Center Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - Christopher D Byrne
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine University of Southampton Southampton UK
- Southampton National Institute for Health and Care Research, Biomedical Research Centre University Hospital Southampton Southampton UK
| | - Philip C Calder
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine University of Southampton Southampton UK
- Southampton National Institute for Health and Care Research, Biomedical Research Centre University Hospital Southampton Southampton UK
| | - Hertzel C Gerstein
- Department of Medicine and Population Health Research Institute McMaster University Hamilton Ontario Canada
- Hamilton General Hospital Hamilton Ontario Canada
| | - Paolo Gresele
- Division of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery University of Perugia Perugia Italy
| | | | - Michiaki Nagai
- Department of Internal Medicine General Medicine and Cardiology, Hiroshima City Asa Hospital Hiroshima Japan
| | - Michael H Olsen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Holbaek Hospital University of Southern Denmark Odense Denmark
| | - Grace Parraga
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Robarts Research Institute Western University London ON Canada
| | - Maya S Safarova
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine University of Kansas Medical Center Kansas City KS
| | - Naveed Sattar
- British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre University of Glasgow Glasgow UK
| | - Michael Skilton
- Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Coen D A Stehouwer
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht Maastricht University Medical Centre Maastricht the Netherlands
| | - Heiko Uthoff
- Department of Angiology University Hospital Basel Basel Switzerland
| | - Michiel A van Agtmael
- Department of Internal Medicine Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - Amber A van der Heijden
- Department of General Practice, Amsterdam University Medical Center-Location Vrije Universiteit Medical Center Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | | | - Hyun-Woong Park
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine Chungnam National University Sejong Hospital Sejong-si South Korea
| | - Moo-Sik Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine Konyang University Daejeon South Korea
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine Konyang University Hospital Daejeon South Korea
| | - Jang-Ho Bae
- Heart Center, Konyang University Hospital Daejeon South Korea
- Department of Cardiology Konyang University College of Medicine Daejeon South Korea
| | - Oscar Beloqui
- Department of Internal Medicine University Clinic of Navarra Navarra Spain
| | - Manuel F Landecho
- Department of Internal Medicine University Clinic of Navarra Navarra Spain
| | - Matthieu Plichart
- Paris Cardiovascular Research Centre University Paris Descartes Paris France
- Fondation Santé Service, Hospital at Home Levallois-Perret France
| | | | | | - Lena Bokemark
- Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular Research University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Göran Bergström
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
- Department of Clinical Physiology Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västragötaland Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Caroline Schmidt
- Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular Research University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Samuela Castelnuovo
- Centro Dislipidemie, Aziende Socio Sanitarie Territoriali Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda Milan Italy
| | - Laura Calabresi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences University of Milan Milan Italy
| | - Giuseppe D Norata
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences University of Milan Milan Italy
- Società Italiana per lo Studio dell'Aterosclerosi Center for the Study of Atherosclerosis, Bassini Hospital Cinisello Balsamo Italy
| | - Liliana Grigore
- Stituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Multimedica Milan Italy
| | - Alberico Catapano
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences University of Milan Milan Italy
- Stituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Multimedica Milan Italy
| | - Dong Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Miao Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - M Arfan Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam the Netherlands
| | - Maryam Kavousi
- Department of Epidemiology Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam the Netherlands
| | - Michiel L Bots
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht the Netherlands
| | - Michael J Sweeting
- Department of Health Sciences University of Leicester Leicester UK
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
| | - Matthias W Lorenz
- Klinik für Neurologie Krankenhaus Nordwest Frankfurt am Main Germany
- Department of Neurology Goethe University Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Peter Willeit
- Institute of Health Economics Medical University of Innsbruck Innsbruck Austria
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
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7
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Magnoni M, Andreini D, Pirillo A, Uboldi P, Latini R, Catapano AL, Maggioni AP, Norata GD. Predictive value of HDL function in patients with coronary artery disease: relationship with coronary plaque characteristics and clinical events. Ann Med 2022; 54:1036-1046. [PMID: 35438019 PMCID: PMC9090377 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2022.2063374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND HDL is endowed with several metabolic, vascular, and immunoinflammatory protective functions. Among them, a key property is to promote reverse cholesterol transport from cells back to the liver. The aim of this study was to estimate the association of scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI)- and ATP binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1)-mediated cholesterol efflux (the two major routes for cholesterol efflux to HDL) with the presence, extent, and severity of coronary artery disease (CAD), vascular wall remodelling processes, coronary plaque characteristics, and the incidence of myocardial infarction in the different subgroups of patients from the CAPIRE study. METHODS Patients (n = 525) from the CAPIRE study were divided into two groups: low-risk factors (RF), with 0-1 RF (n = 263), and multiple-RF, with ≥2 RFs; within each group, subjects were classified as no-CAD or CAD based on the segment involvement score (SIS) evaluated by coronary computed tomography angiography (SIS = 0 and SIS > 5, respectively). SR-BI- and ABCA1-mediated cholesterol efflux were measured using the plasma of all patients. RESULTS SR-BI-mediated cholesterol efflux was significantly reduced in patients with CAD in both the low-RF and multiple-RF groups, whereas ABCA1-mediated cholesterol efflux was similar among all groups. In CAD patients, multivariable analysis showed that SR-BI-mediated cholesterol efflux <25th percentile predicted cardiovascular outcome (odds ratio 4.1; 95% CI: 1.3-13.7; p = .019), whereas ABCA-1-mediated cholesterol efflux and HDL-C levels significantly did not. Despite this finding, reduced SR-BI-mediated cholesterol efflux was not associated with changes in high-risk plaque features or changes in the prevalence of elevated total, non-calcified, and low-attenuation plaque volume. CONCLUSION SR-BI-mediated cholesterol efflux capacity is lower in patients with diffuse coronary atherosclerosis. In addition, a lower SR-BI-mediated cholesterol efflux capacity is associated with the worst clinical outcomes in patients with CAD, independently of atherosclerotic plaque features. Key MessagesIncreased cholesterol efflux capacity, an estimate of HDL function, is associated with a reduced CVD risk, regardless of HDL-C levels.HDL-C levels are significantly lower in patients with CAD.Lower SR-BI-mediated cholesterol efflux capacity is observed in patients with diffuse coronary atherosclerosis and is associated with the worst clinical outcomes in patients with CAD, independently of atherosclerotic plaque features.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniele Andreini
- IRCCS, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "Luigi Sacco", University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Angela Pirillo
- Centro SISA per lo Studio dell'Aterosclerosi, Ospedale Bassini, Balsamo, Italy.,IRCSS Multimedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Uboldi
- Department of Excellence of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Latini
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milan, Italy
| | - Alberico L Catapano
- IRCSS Multimedica, Milan, Italy.,Department of Excellence of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Aldo P Maggioni
- Heart Care Foundation ANMCO Research Center, Florence, Italy
| | - Giuseppe D Norata
- Centro SISA per lo Studio dell'Aterosclerosi, Ospedale Bassini, Balsamo, Italy.,Department of Excellence of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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8
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Pirillo A, Catapano AL, Norata GD. Monoclonal Antibodies in the Management of Familial Hypercholesterolemia: Focus on PCSK9 and ANGPTL3 Inhibitors. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2021; 23:79. [PMID: 34698927 PMCID: PMC8549899 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-021-00972-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Purpose of Review Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a monogenic disorder characterized by high plasma levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) since birth and a high risk of premature cardiovascular disease. The genetic defect is carried in only one allele in heterozygous FH (HeFH) or in both in the most severe homozygous FH (HoFH). Current guidelines recommend to reduce substantially LDL-C levels in these high-risk patients, with the need to use association therapy combining agents with different mechanisms of action. As most cases of FH are attributable to mutations in the gene encoding the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), statins, even in combination with ezetimibe, are less effective in reducing LDL-C plasma levels in FH patients, who require a more intensive approach with additional lipid-lowering agents. Additional targets playing key roles in regulating LDL-C levels are represented by PCSK9 and ANGPTL3. Recent Findings Two monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting PCSK9, evolocumab and alirocumab, significantly reduce LDL-C levels in HeFH patients. In patients with HoFH, the efficacy of mAbs to PCSK9 is strictly related to the presence of a residual LDLR activity; thus, patients carrying null mutations do not respond to the therapy with these mAbs, whereas some effects can be appreciated in HoFH bearing defective mutations. Conversely, evinacumab, the mAb targeting ANGPTL3, is highly effective in reducing LDL-C levels even in HoFH patients carrying null LDLR mutations, thanks to its LDLR-independent mechanism of action. Summary Monoclonal antibodies inhibiting PCSK9 have shown a robust effect in FH patients presenting a residual LDLR activity, while ANGPTL3 inhibitors appear to be promising even in patients carrying null LDLR mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Pirillo
- Center for the Study of Atherosclerosis, E. Bassini Hospital, Cinisello Balsamo, Milan, Italy
- IRCCS MultiMedica, Sesto S. Giovanni, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberico L Catapano
- IRCCS MultiMedica, Sesto S. Giovanni, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe D Norata
- Center for the Study of Atherosclerosis, E. Bassini Hospital, Cinisello Balsamo, Milan, Italy.
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
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9
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Bonacina F, Pirillo A, Catapano AL, Norata GD. HDL in Immune-Inflammatory Responses: Implications beyond Cardiovascular Diseases. Cells 2021; 10:cells10051061. [PMID: 33947039 PMCID: PMC8146776 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
High density lipoproteins (HDL) are heterogeneous particles composed by a vast array of proteins and lipids, mostly recognized for their cardiovascular (CV) protective effects. However, evidences from basic to clinical research have contributed to depict a role of HDL in the modulation of immune-inflammatory response thus paving the road to investigate their involvement in other diseases beyond those related to the CV system. HDL-C levels and HDL composition are indeed altered in patients with autoimmune diseases and usually associated to disease severity. At molecular levels, HDL have been shown to modulate the anti-inflammatory potential of endothelial cells and, by controlling the amount of cellular cholesterol, to interfere with the signaling through plasma membrane lipid rafts in immune cells. These findings, coupled to observations acquired from subjects carrying mutations in genes related to HDL system, have helped to elucidate the contribution of HDL beyond cholesterol efflux thus posing HDL-based therapies as a compelling interventional approach to limit the inflammatory burden of immune-inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizia Bonacina
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Angela Pirillo
- Center for the Study of Atherosclerosis, E. Bassini Hospital, Cinisello Balsamo, 20092 Milan, Italy;
- IRCCS MultiMedica, Sesto S. Giovanni, 20099 Milan, Italy
| | - Alberico L. Catapano
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy;
- IRCCS MultiMedica, Sesto S. Giovanni, 20099 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.L.C.); (G.D.N.)
| | - Giuseppe D. Norata
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy;
- Center for the Study of Atherosclerosis, E. Bassini Hospital, Cinisello Balsamo, 20092 Milan, Italy;
- Correspondence: (A.L.C.); (G.D.N.)
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10
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Elevated levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) are causal to atherosclerosis and, thus, the reduction of LDL-C represents a major objective for the prevention of cardiovascular disease. Aim of this review is to provide an overview on novel strategies to lower LDL-C. RECENT FINDINGS Although inhibiting liver cholesterol biosynthesis by statins is used as the main therapeutic approach to increase hepatic LDL-receptor expression and lower plasma cholesterol levels, novel insights into lipid and lipoprotein biology have led to the development of additional lipid-lowering therapies that can be used in combination with or as an alternative to statins in patients with statin-intolerance. New approaches include bempedoic acid, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors, and angiopoietin-like protein 3 inhibitors. SUMMARY In the last decade, several novel therapeutic approaches have been tested and some of them have been approved as lipid-lowering agents. Some drugs are already available in clinical practice, whereas others are at late stages of development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Pirillo
- Center for the Study of Atherosclerosis, E. Bassini Hospital, Cinisello Balsamo
- IRCCS MultiMedica, Sesto S. Giovanni
| | - Alberico L Catapano
- IRCCS MultiMedica, Sesto S. Giovanni
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Giuseppe D Norata
- Center for the Study of Atherosclerosis, E. Bassini Hospital, Cinisello Balsamo
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
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11
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Alexander Y, Osto E, Schmidt-Trucksäss A, Shechter M, Trifunovic D, Duncker DJ, Aboyans V, Bäck M, Badimon L, Cosentino F, De Carlo M, Dorobantu M, Harrison DG, Guzik TJ, Hoefer I, Morris PD, Norata GD, Suades R, Taddei S, Vilahur G, Waltenberger J, Weber C, Wilkinson F, Bochaton-Piallat ML, Evans PC. Endothelial function in cardiovascular medicine: a consensus paper of the European Society of Cardiology Working Groups on Atherosclerosis and Vascular Biology, Aorta and Peripheral Vascular Diseases, Coronary Pathophysiology and Microcirculation, and Thrombosis. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 117:29-42. [PMID: 32282914 PMCID: PMC7797212 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) are sentinels of cardiovascular health. Their function is reduced by the presence of cardiovascular risk factors, and is regained once pathological stimuli are removed. In this European Society for Cardiology Position Paper, we describe endothelial dysfunction as a spectrum of phenotypic states and advocate further studies to determine the role of EC subtypes in cardiovascular disease. We conclude that there is no single ideal method for measurement of endothelial function. Techniques to measure coronary epicardial and micro-vascular function are well established but they are invasive, time-consuming, and expensive. Flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) of the brachial arteries provides a non-invasive alternative but is technically challenging and requires extensive training and standardization. We, therefore, propose that a consensus methodology for FMD is universally adopted to minimize technical variation between studies, and that reference FMD values are established for different populations of healthy individuals and patient groups. Newer techniques to measure endothelial function that are relatively easy to perform, such as finger plethysmography and the retinal flicker test, have the potential for increased clinical use provided a consensus is achieved on the measurement protocol used. We recommend further clinical studies to establish reference values for these techniques and to assess their ability to improve cardiovascular risk stratification. We advocate future studies to determine whether integration of endothelial function measurements with patient-specific epigenetic data and other biomarkers can enhance the stratification of patients for differential diagnosis, disease progression, and responses to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Alexander
- Centre for Bioscience, Faculty of Science & Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Elena Osto
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University and University Hospital Zurich, University Heart Center, Zurich, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Translational Nutrition Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Arno Schmidt-Trucksäss
- Division of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Medical Faculty, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Shechter
- Leviev Heart Center, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Danijela Trifunovic
- Cardiology Department, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dirk J Duncker
- Division of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Victor Aboyans
- Department of Cardiology, Dupuytren University Hospital, Inserm U-1094, Limoges University, Limoges, France
| | - Magnus Bäck
- Department of Cardiology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
- INSERM U1116, Université de Lorraine, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy, Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France
| | - Lina Badimon
- Cardiovascular Program-ICCC, IR-Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, CiberCV, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesco Cosentino
- Unit of Cardiology, Karolinska Institute and Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marco De Carlo
- Catheterization Laboratory, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria Dorobantu
- ‘CarolDavila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Tomasz J Guzik
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Department of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Collegium Medicum, Cracow, Poland
| | - Imo Hoefer
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Paul D Morris
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, Bateson Centre & INSIGNEO Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
- Insigneo Institute for In Silico Medicine, Sheffield, UK
| | - Giuseppe D Norata
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Rosa Suades
- Unit of Cardiology, Karolinska Institute and Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stefano Taddei
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gemma Vilahur
- Cardiovascular Program-ICCC, IR-Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, CiberCV, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Johannes Waltenberger
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- SRH Central Hospital Suhl, Suhl, Germany
| | - Christian Weber
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximillian-Universität (LMU) München, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Fiona Wilkinson
- Centre for Bioscience, Faculty of Science & Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Paul C Evans
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, Bateson Centre & INSIGNEO Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
- Insigneo Institute for In Silico Medicine, Sheffield, UK
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12
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Baragetti A, Bonacina F, Da Dalt L, Moregola A, Zampoleri V, Pellegatta F, Grigore L, Pirillo A, Spina R, Cefalù AB, Averna M, Norata GD, Catapano AL. Genetically determined hypercholesterolaemia results into premature leucocyte telomere length shortening and reduced haematopoietic precursors. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2020; 29:721-729. [PMID: 33624064 DOI: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwaa115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Leucocyte telomere length (LTL) shortening is a marker of cellular senescence and associates with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). A number of cardiovascular risk factors affect LTL, but the correlation between elevated LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) and shorter LTL is debated: in small cohorts including subjects with a clinical diagnosis of familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH). We assessed the relationship between LDL-C and LTL in subjects with genetic familial hypercholesterolaemia (HeFH) compared to those with clinically diagnosed, but not genetically confirmed FH (CD-FH), and normocholesterolaemic subjects. METHODS AND RESULTS LTL was measured in mononuclear cells-derived genomic DNA from 206 hypercholesterolaemic subjects (135 HeFH and 71 CD-FH) and 272 controls. HeFH presented shorter LTL vs. controls (1.27 ± 0.07 vs. 1.59 ± 0.04, P = 0.045). In particular, we found shorter LTL in young HeFH as compared to young controls (<35 y) (1.34 ± 0.08 vs. 1.64 ± 0.08, P = 0.019); moreover, LTL was shorter in statin-naïve HeFH subjects as compared to controls (1.23 ± 0.08 vs. 1.58 ± 0.04, P = 0.001). HeFH subjects presented shorter LTL compared to LDL-C matched CD-FH (1.33 ± 0.05 vs. 1.55 ± 0.08, P = 0.029). Shorter LTL was confirmed in leucocytes of LDLR-KO vs. wild-type mice and associated with lower abundance of long-term haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (LT-HSPCs) in the bone marrow. Accordingly, HeFH subjects presented lower circulating haematopoietic precursors (CD34 + CD45dim cells) vs. CD-FH and controls. CONCLUSIONS We found (i) shorter LTL in genetically determined hypercholesterolaemia, (ii) lower circulating haematopoietic precursors in HeFH subjects, and reduced bone marrow resident LT-HSPCs in LDLR-KO mice. We support early cellular senescence and haematopoietic alterations in subjects with FH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Baragetti
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy.,SISA Center for the Study of Atherosclerosis, Bassini Hospital, Via M. Gorki 50, 20092 Cinisello Balsamo, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabrizia Bonacina
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Da Dalt
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Annalisa Moregola
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Veronica Zampoleri
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy.,SISA Center for the Study of Atherosclerosis, Bassini Hospital, Via M. Gorki 50, 20092 Cinisello Balsamo, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Pellegatta
- IRCCS Multimedica Hospital, Via Milanese 300, 20099 Sesto San Giovanni, Milan, Italy
| | - Liliana Grigore
- IRCCS Multimedica Hospital, Via Milanese 300, 20099 Sesto San Giovanni, Milan, Italy
| | - Angela Pirillo
- IRCCS Multimedica Hospital, Via Milanese 300, 20099 Sesto San Giovanni, Milan, Italy
| | - Rossella Spina
- Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno Infantile, Medicina Interna e Specialistica Di Eccellenza "G. D'Alessandro" (PROMISE), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Angelo Baldassarre Cefalù
- Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno Infantile, Medicina Interna e Specialistica Di Eccellenza "G. D'Alessandro" (PROMISE), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Maurizio Averna
- Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno Infantile, Medicina Interna e Specialistica Di Eccellenza "G. D'Alessandro" (PROMISE), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe D Norata
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy.,SISA Center for the Study of Atherosclerosis, Bassini Hospital, Via M. Gorki 50, 20092 Cinisello Balsamo, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberico L Catapano
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy.,IRCCS Multimedica Hospital, Via Milanese 300, 20099 Sesto San Giovanni, Milan, Italy
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13
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Bonacina F, Da Dalt L, Catapano AL, Norata GD. Metabolic adaptations of cells at the vascular-immune interface during atherosclerosis. Mol Aspects Med 2020; 77:100918. [PMID: 33032828 PMCID: PMC7534736 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2020.100918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is a physiological cellular adaptation to intracellular and extracellular stimuli that couples to cell polarization and function in multiple cellular subsets. Pathological conditions associated to nutrients overload, such as dyslipidaemia, may disturb cellular metabolic homeostasis and, in turn, affect cellular response and activation, thus contributing to disease progression. At the vascular/immune interface, the site of atherosclerotic plaque development, many of these changes occur. Here, an intimate interaction between endothelial cells (ECs), vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and immune cells, mainly monocytes/macrophages and lymphocytes, dictates physiological versus pathological response. Furthermore, atherogenic stimuli trigger metabolic adaptations both at systemic and cellular level that affect the EC layer barrier integrity, VSMC proliferation and migration, monocyte infiltration, macrophage polarization, lymphocyte T and B activation. Rewiring cellular metabolism by repurposing “metabolic drugs” might represent a pharmacological approach to modulate cell activation at the vascular immune interface thus contributing to control the immunometabolic response in the context of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Bonacina
- Department of Excellence of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
| | - L Da Dalt
- Department of Excellence of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
| | - A L Catapano
- Department of Excellence of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; IRCSS Multimedica, Milan, Italy.
| | - G D Norata
- Department of Excellence of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; IRCCS, Ospedale Bassini, Cinisello Balsamo, Italy.
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14
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Zambon A, Pirillo A, Zambon S, Norata GD, Catapano AL. Omega n-3 Supplementation: Exploring the Cardiovascular Benefits Beyond Lipoprotein Reduction. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2020; 22:74. [PMID: 33009961 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-020-00893-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Hypertriglyceridaemia is a highly prevalent disorder worldwide. Genetic and Mendelian randomization studies have suggested that triglyceride (TG)-rich lipoproteins are causal risk factors for coronary heart disease and contribute to the residual cardiovascular risk observed in patients optimally treated with statins. However, clinical trials failed to show cardiovascular benefits of TG-lowering; in this context, trials with omega-3 fatty acids provided contrasting results. Few trials have tested the supplementation of EPA alone rather than the combination of EPA + DHA. The JELIS study showed that EPA 1.8 g/day significantly reduced CV events in hypercholesterolaemic patients given statins, an effect that was independent on lipid reduction. RECENT FINDINGS The REDUCE-IT trial showed that high-dose (4 g/day) EPA significantly reduces the incidence of major cardiovascular events compared with placebo in patients with elevated TG levels. The clinical benefit was higher than expected by the reduction of TG-rich lipoprotein levels. Recent data support the efficacy of high-dose EPA supplementation on a background of optimal LDL-C-lowering therapy as a key approach to achieve a further and significant reduction of CV events in very-high CV risk patients with persistent hypertriglyceridaemia. The effect on lipids does not appear to fully explain the CV benefit, and additional mechanisms of action of EPA likely contribute to the cardiovascular protection, including the reduction of inflammation and platelet aggregation. Current guidelines recommend using high-dose EPA in combination with a statin in high/very-high CV risk patients with mild-to-moderate elevation of plasma TG to reduce the residual CV risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Zambon
- Department of Medicine - DIMED, University of Padua, Via Giustiniani, 2, 35128, Padua, Italy.
- IRCCS MultiMedica, Sesto S. Giovanni, Milan, Italy.
| | - Angela Pirillo
- IRCCS MultiMedica, Sesto S. Giovanni, Milan, Italy
- Center for the Study of Atherosclerosis, E. Bassini Hospital, Cinisello Balsamo, Milan, Italy
| | - Sabina Zambon
- Department of Medicine - DIMED, University of Padua, Via Giustiniani, 2, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - Giuseppe D Norata
- Center for the Study of Atherosclerosis, E. Bassini Hospital, Cinisello Balsamo, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan and IRCCS Multimedica, Via Balzaretti, 9, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberico L Catapano
- IRCCS MultiMedica, Sesto S. Giovanni, Milan, Italy.
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan and IRCCS Multimedica, Via Balzaretti, 9, 20133, Milan, Italy.
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15
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin 9 (PCSK9) plays a crucial role in regulating circulating levels of LDL-C as a consequence of its ability to inhibit LDL receptor recycling in the liver. Loss of function variants in the PCSK9 gene result in low LDL-C levels and associate with reduced cardiovascular risk, whereas gain of-function variants associate with hypercholesterolemia and increased risk of early cardiovascular events. Thus, PCSK9 inhibition has been established as an additional approach for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia. The aim of this review is to provide a brief overview of current strategies targeting PCSK9 and discuss clinical results of the emerging approaches. RECENT FINDINGS Two monoclonal antibodies targeting circulating PCSK9 (evolocumab and alirocumab) have been approved for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia and cardiovascular disease. Later, a gene silencing approach (inclisiran), which inhibits hepatic PCSK9 synthesis, was shown to be as effective as monoclonal antibodies but with a twice a year injection and is currently under evaluation for approval. Due to the elevated costs of such therapies, several other approaches have been explored, including peptide-based anti PCSK9 vaccination, and small oral PCSK9 inhibitors, which are still in preclinical phase. In the coming years, we will assist to a progressive introduction of novel anti-PCSK9 approaches in the clinical practice for the treatment of patients with hypercholesterolemia as well as patients at high cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberico L Catapano
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,IRCCS MultiMedica, Sesto S. Giovanni, Milan, Italy
| | - Angela Pirillo
- IRCCS MultiMedica, Sesto S. Giovanni, Milan, Italy.,Center for the Study of Atherosclerosis, E. Bassini Hospital, Cinisello Balsamo, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe D Norata
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy. .,Center for the Study of Atherosclerosis, E. Bassini Hospital, Cinisello Balsamo, Milan, Italy.
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16
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Pirillo
- Center for the Study of Atherosclerosis, E. Bassini Hospital, Cinisello Balsamo, Milan, Italy.,IRCCS MultiMedica, Sesto San Giovanni, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe D Norata
- Center for the Study of Atherosclerosis, E. Bassini Hospital, Cinisello Balsamo, Milan, Italy.,Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberico L Catapano
- IRCCS MultiMedica, Sesto San Giovanni, Milan, Italy.,Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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17
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Bahls M, Lorenz MW, Dörr M, Gao L, Kitagawa K, Tuomainen TP, Agewall S, Berenson G, Catapano AL, Norata GD, Bots ML, van Gilst W, Asselbergs FW, Brouwers FP, Uthoff H, Sander D, Poppert H, Hecht Olsen M, Empana JP, Schminke U, Baldassarre D, Veglia F, Franco OH, Kavousi M, de Groot E, Mathiesen EB, Grigore L, Polak JF, Rundek T, Stehouwer CDA, Skilton MR, Hatzitolios AI, Savopoulos C, Ntaios G, Plichart M, McLachlan S, Lind L, Willeit P, Steinmetz H, Desvarieux M, Ikram MA, Johnsen SH, Schmidt C, Willeit J, Ducimetiere P, Price JF, Bergström G, Kauhanen J, Kiechl S, Sitzer M, Bickel H, Sacco RL, Hofman A, Völzke H, Thompson SG. Progression of conventional cardiovascular risk factors and vascular disease risk in individuals: insights from the PROG-IMT consortium. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2020; 27:234-243. [PMID: 31619084 PMCID: PMC7008553 DOI: 10.1177/2047487319877078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Averaged measurements, but not the progression based on multiple assessments of carotid intima-media thickness, (cIMT) are predictive of cardiovascular disease (CVD) events in individuals. Whether this is true for conventional risk factors is unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS An individual participant meta-analysis was used to associate the annualised progression of systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol with future cardiovascular disease risk in 13 prospective cohort studies of the PROG-IMT collaboration (n = 34,072). Follow-up data included information on a combined cardiovascular disease endpoint of myocardial infarction, stroke, or vascular death. In secondary analyses, annualised progression was replaced with average. Log hazard ratios per standard deviation difference were pooled across studies by a random effects meta-analysis. In primary analysis, the annualised progression of total cholesterol was marginally related to a higher cardiovascular disease risk (hazard ratio (HR) 1.04, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.00 to 1.07). The annualised progression of systolic blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was not associated with future cardiovascular disease risk. In secondary analysis, average systolic blood pressure (HR 1.20 95% CI 1.11 to 1.29) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HR 1.09, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.16) were related to a greater, while high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HR 0.92, 95% CI 0.88 to 0.97) was related to a lower risk of future cardiovascular disease events. CONCLUSION Averaged measurements of systolic blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol displayed significant linear relationships with the risk of future cardiovascular disease events. However, there was no clear association between the annualised progression of these conventional risk factors in individuals with the risk of future clinical endpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Bahls
- Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Greifswald, Germany
| | - Matthias W Lorenz
- Department of Neurology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Marcus Dörr
- Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Greifswald, Germany
| | - Lu Gao
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, Institute of Public Health, University Forvie Site, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Kazuo Kitagawa
- Department of Neurology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomi-Pekka Tuomainen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Stefan Agewall
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gerald Berenson
- Department of Medicine, Pediatrics, Biochemistry, Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Medicine and School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, USA
| | - Alberico L Catapano
- IRCSS Multimedica, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe D Norata
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- SISA Center for the Study of Atherosclerosis, Bassini Hospital, Italy
| | - Michiel L Bots
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wiek van Gilst
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Folkert W Asselbergs
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
- Health Data Research UK and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
| | - Frank P Brouwers
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Heiko Uthoff
- Department of Angiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dirk Sander
- Department of Neurology, Benedictus Hospital Tutzing, Tutzing, Germany
| | - Holger Poppert
- Department of Neurology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Hecht Olsen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Holbaek Hospital and Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
| | - Jean Philippe Empana
- Université de Paris, INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Centre, Paris, France
| | - Ulf Schminke
- Department of Neurology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Damiano Baldassarre
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Oscar H Franco
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Maryam Kavousi
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eric de Groot
- Imagelabonline and Cardiovascular, Erichem, The Netherlands
| | - Ellisiv B Mathiesen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Liliana Grigore
- Centro Sisa per lo Studio della Aterosclerosi, Bassini Hospital, Cinisello Balsamo, Italy
| | - Joseph F Polak
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, USA
| | - Tatjana Rundek
- Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, USA
| | - Coen DA Stehouwer
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Michael R Skilton
- The Boden Collaboration for Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise and Eating Disorders, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Apostolos I Hatzitolios
- Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki – AHEPA Hospital, Greece
| | - Christos Savopoulos
- Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki – AHEPA Hospital, Greece
| | - George Ntaios
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Matthieu Plichart
- Centro Sisa per lo Studio della Aterosclerosi, Bassini Hospital, Cinisello Balsamo, Italy
- Assistance Publique, Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Broca, Paris, France
| | | | - Lars Lind
- Department of Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Peter Willeit
- Department of Neurology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Helmuth Steinmetz
- Department of Neurology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Moise Desvarieux
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, USA
- METHODS Core, Centre de Recherche Epidémiologie et Statistique Paris Sorbonne Cité (CRESS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR 1153, Paris, France
| | - M Arfan Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stein Harald Johnsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Caroline Schmidt
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johann Willeit
- Department of Neurology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | | | - Göran Bergström
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Clinical Physiology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jussi Kauhanen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Stefan Kiechl
- Department of Neurology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Matthias Sitzer
- Department of Neurology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum Herford, Herford, Germany
| | - Horst Bickel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Ralph L Sacco
- Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, USA
| | - Albert Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology | Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Henry Völzke
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Greifswald, Germany
- Institute for Community Medicine, SHIP/Clinical-Epidemiological Research, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Simon G Thompson
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Cellular cholesterol content influences the structure and function of lipid rafts, plasma membrane microdomains essential for cell signaling and activation. HDL modulate cellular cholesterol efflux, thus limiting cholesterol accumulation and controlling immune cell activation. Aim of this review is to discuss the link between HDL and cellular cholesterol metabolism in immune cells and the therapeutic potential of targeting cholesterol removal from cell membranes. RECENT FINDINGS The inverse relationship between HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels and the risk of cardiovascular disease has been recently challenged by observations linking elevated levels of HDL-C with increased risk of all-cause mortality, infections and autoimmune diseases, paralleled by the failure of clinical trials with HDL-C-raising therapies. These findings suggest that improving HDL function might be more important than merely raising HDL-C levels. New approaches aimed at increasing the ability of HDL to remove cellular cholesterol have been assessed for their effect on immune cells, and the results have suggested that this could be a new effective approach. SUMMARY Cholesterol removal from plasma membrane by different means affects the activity of immune cells, suggesting that approaches aimed at increasing the ability of HDL to mobilize cholesterol from cells would represent the next step in HDL biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizia Bonacina
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan
| | - Angela Pirillo
- Center for the Study of Atherosclerosis, E. Bassini Hospital
- IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberico L Catapano
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan
- IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe D Norata
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan
- Center for the Study of Atherosclerosis, E. Bassini Hospital
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19
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Perego C, Da Dalt L, Pirillo A, Galli A, Catapano AL, Norata GD. Cholesterol metabolism, pancreatic β-cell function and diabetes. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:2149-2156. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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20
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Gomaraschi M, Bonacina F, Norata GD. Lysosomal Acid Lipase: From Cellular Lipid Handler to Immunometabolic Target. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2019; 40:104-115. [PMID: 30665623 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Lysosomal acid lipase (LAL) hydrolyzes cholesteryl esters (CEs) and triglycerides (TGs) to free cholesterol (FC) and free fatty acids (FFAs), which are then used for metabolic purposes in the cell. The process also occurs in immune cells that adapt their metabolic machinery to cope with the different energetic requirements associated with cell activation, proliferation, and polarization. LAL deficiency (LALD) causes severe lipid accumulation and affects the immunometabolic signature in animal models. In humans, LAL deficiency is associated with a peculiar clinical immune phenotype, secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. These observations suggest that LAL might play an important role in cellular immunometabolic modulation, and availability of an effective enzyme replacement strategy makes LAL an attractive target to rewire the metabolic machinery of immune cells beyond its role in controlling cellular lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gomaraschi
- Center E. Grossi Paoletti, Department of Excellence of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (DisFeB), Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - F Bonacina
- Department of Excellence of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (DisFeB), Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - G D Norata
- Department of Excellence of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (DisFeB), Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan 20133, Italy; SISA Centre, Bassini Hospital, Cinisello Balsamo, 20092, Italy.
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21
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Magnoni M, Ammirati E, Moroni F, Norata GD, Camici PG. Impact of Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Pharmacologic Treatments on Carotid Intraplaque Neovascularization Detected by Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2018; 32:113-120.e6. [PMID: 30340893 DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neovascularization is a marker of plaque vulnerability that can be assessed noninvasively using contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS). The presence and extent of plaque neovascularization and their relation to cardiovascular risk factors and treatments were assessed in asymptomatic patients with carotid stenosis of intermediate severity and no indication for revascularization. METHODS Sixty-six patients aged 69 ± 8 years (59% men) were prospectively enrolled. Plaque neovascularization was assessed using CEUS with sulfur hexafluoride contrast in each of the four carotid segments bilaterally (a total of 528 segments). In each plaque, the presence or absence of contrast enhancement was assessed semiquantitatively as CEUS grade 1 (no signal or signal confined to the adventitia and/or shoulder of the plaque) or CEUS grade 2 (signal within the plaque). RESULTS Plaques were detectable in 289 of 528 carotid segments (54.7%). CEUS grade 2 was present in at least one plaque in 48 of 66 patients (72.7%) and was not influenced by stenosis severity or morphology. The highest CEUS grade 2 prevalence was observed in patients with diabetes and the lowest in those treated with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and statins, especially when low-density lipoprotein cholesterol was <100 mg/dL. Patients with multiple CEUS grade 2 plaques (20 of 66 [30%]) had both higher low-density lipoprotein and higher C-reactive protein. CONCLUSION Intraplaque neovascularization is frequent in asymptomatic patients with intermediate carotid stenosis and is more prevalent in those with diabetes. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol < 100 mg/dL and treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors seem to confer protection from neovascularization, although larger interventional studies are necessary to confirm these data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Magnoni
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele and IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.
| | - Enrico Ammirati
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele and IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; De Gasperis Cardio Center, Niguarda Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Moroni
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele and IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe D Norata
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo G Camici
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele and IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
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22
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Da Dalt L, Balzarotti G, Ruscica M, Bonacina F, Macchi C, Perego C, Catapano AL, Norata GD. 5206PCSK9 deficiency results in altered insulin secretion and glucose intolerance: the role of the LDL-receptor. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy566.5206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- L Da Dalt
- University of Milan, Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Milan, Italy
| | - G Balzarotti
- University of Milan, Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Milan, Italy
| | - M Ruscica
- University of Milan, Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Milan, Italy
| | - F Bonacina
- University of Milan, Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Milan, Italy
| | - C Macchi
- University of Milan, Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Milan, Italy
| | - C Perego
- University of Milan, Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Milan, Italy
| | - A L Catapano
- University of Milan, Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Milan, Italy
| | - G D Norata
- University of Milan, Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Milan, Italy
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23
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Da Dalt L, Ruscica M, Bonacina F, Baragetti A, Perego C, Catapano A, Norata GD. PCSK9 Deficiency Reduces Insulin Secretion and Promotes Glucose Intolerance: the Role of the LDL Receptor. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosissup.2018.04.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Kishore M, Cheung KCP, Fu H, Bonacina F, Wang G, Coe D, Ward EJ, Colamatteo A, Jangani M, Baragetti A, Matarese G, Smith DM, Haas R, Mauro C, Wraith DC, Okkenhaug K, Catapano AL, De Rosa V, Norata GD, Marelli-Berg FM. Regulatory T Cell Migration Is Dependent on Glucokinase-Mediated Glycolysis. Immunity 2018; 48:831-832. [PMID: 29669254 PMCID: PMC5910171 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2018.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
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Baragetti A, Ramirez GA, Magnoni M, Garlaschelli K, Grigore L, Berteotti M, Scotti I, Bozzolo E, Berti A, Camici PG, Catapano AL, Manfredi AA, Ammirati E, Norata GD. Disease trends over time and CD4 +CCR5 + T-cells expansion predict carotid atherosclerosis development in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2018; 28:53-63. [PMID: 29150407 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) present increased cardiovascular mortality compared to the general population. Few studies have assessed the long-term development and progression of carotid atherosclerotic plaque in SLE patients. Our aim was to investigate the association of clinical and laboratory markers of disease activity and classical cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) with carotid atherosclerosis development in SLE patients in a prospective 5-year study. METHODS AND RESULTS Clinical history and information on principal CVRFs were collected at baseline and after 5 years in 40 SLE patients (36 women, mean age 42 ± 9 years; 14.4 ± 7 years of mean disease duration) and 50 age-matched controls. Carotid Doppler ultrasonography was employed to quantify the atherosclerotic burden at baseline and at follow up. Clinimetrics were applied to assess SLE activity over time (SLEDAI). The association between basal circulating T cell subsets (including CD4+CCR5+; CD4+CXCR3+; CD4+HLADR+; CD4+CD45RA+RO-, CD4+CD45RO+RA- and their subsets) and atherosclerosis development was evaluated. During the 5-year follow up, 32% of SLE patients, developed carotid atherosclerosis compared to 4% of controls. Furthermore, considering SLEDAI changes over time, patients within the highest tertile were those with increased incidence of carotid atherosclerosis independently of CVRF. In addition, increased levels of CD4+CCR5+ T cells were independently associated with the development of carotid atherosclerosis in SLE patients. CONCLUSION Serial clinical evaluations over time, rather than a single point estimation of disease activity or CVRF burden, are required to define the risk of carotid atherosclerosis development in SLE patients. Specific T cell subsets are associated with long-term atherosclerotic progression and may further be of help in predicting vascular disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Baragetti
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Italy; Center for the Study of Atherosclerosis - Bassini Hospital, Cinisello Balsamo, Italy
| | - G A Ramirez
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Unit of Medicine and Clinical Immunology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - M Magnoni
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele Scientific Institute Milan, Italy
| | - K Garlaschelli
- Center for the Study of Atherosclerosis - Bassini Hospital, Cinisello Balsamo, Italy
| | - L Grigore
- Center for the Study of Atherosclerosis - Bassini Hospital, Cinisello Balsamo, Italy; IRCCS - Multimedica Hospital, Sesto San Giovanni, Italy
| | - M Berteotti
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele Scientific Institute Milan, Italy
| | - I Scotti
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele Scientific Institute Milan, Italy
| | - E Bozzolo
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - A Berti
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Unit of Medicine and Clinical Immunology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - P G Camici
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele Scientific Institute Milan, Italy
| | - A L Catapano
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Italy; IRCCS - Multimedica Hospital, Sesto San Giovanni, Italy
| | - A A Manfredi
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Unit of Medicine and Clinical Immunology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - E Ammirati
- Niguarda Ca' Granda Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - G D Norata
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Italy; Center for the Study of Atherosclerosis - Bassini Hospital, Cinisello Balsamo, Italy; School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Science, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Dyslipidaemias are a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD); in particular, high levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) have been associated to a higher cardiovascular risk. Reducing LDL-C levels decreases the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD), and the greater the LDL-C reduction, the greater the decrease in cardiovascular risk. Although statins represent the first line lipid-lowering therapy, many patients do not reach the recommended goals or exhibit adverse side effects leading to therapy discontinuation; in addition, a significant percentage of statin-treated patients continue to experience cardiovascular events even in the presence of well controlled LDL-C levels, because of alterations in other lipid/lipoprotein classes, including triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. RECENT FINDINGS These conditions require further therapeutic interventions to achieve the recommended lipid goals. Several drugs have been developed to address these needs. Recent studies have shown that the association of ezetimibe with rosuvastatin or atorvastatin results in a better hypolipidaemic effect; in addition to this, PCSK9 inhibitors significantly reduce LDL-C levels and cardiovascular events. SUMMARY For patients who are intolerant to statins or not able to reach the recommended LDL-C levels, despite maximal tolerated dose of statin, or exhibiting additional lipid alterations, several drugs are available that can be used either in monotherapy or on top of the maximally tolerated dose of statins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Pirillo
- aCenter for the Study of Atherosclerosis, E. Bassini Hospital, Cinisello Balsamo bIRCCS Multimedica Hospital, Sesto San Giovanni cDepartment of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy dSchool of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia
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27
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Kishore M, Cheung KCP, Fu H, Bonacina F, Wang G, Coe D, Ward EJ, Colamatteo A, Jangani M, Baragetti A, Matarese G, Smith DM, Haas R, Mauro C, Wraith DC, Okkenhaug K, Catapano AL, De Rosa V, Norata GD, Marelli-Berg FM. Regulatory T Cell Migration Is Dependent on Glucokinase-Mediated Glycolysis. Immunity 2017; 47:875-889.e10. [PMID: 29166588 PMCID: PMC5714502 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2017.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Migration of activated regulatory T (Treg) cells to inflamed tissue is crucial for their immune-modulatory function. While metabolic reprogramming during Treg cell differentiation has been extensively studied, the bioenergetics of Treg cell trafficking remains undefined. We have investigated the metabolic demands of migrating Treg cells in vitro and in vivo. We show that glycolysis was instrumental for their migration and was initiated by pro-migratory stimuli via a PI3K-mTORC2-mediated pathway culminating in induction of the enzyme glucokinase (GCK). Subsequently, GCK promoted cytoskeletal rearrangements by associating with actin. Treg cells lacking this pathway were functionally suppressive but failed to migrate to skin allografts and inhibit rejection. Similarly, human carriers of a loss-of-function GCK regulatory protein gene-leading to increased GCK activity-had reduced numbers of circulating Treg cells. These cells displayed enhanced migratory activity but similar suppressive function, while conventional T cells were unaffected. Thus, GCK-dependent glycolysis regulates Treg cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhav Kishore
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M6BQ, UK
| | - Kenneth C P Cheung
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M6BQ, UK
| | - Hongmei Fu
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M6BQ, UK
| | - Fabrizia Bonacina
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Guosu Wang
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M6BQ, UK
| | - David Coe
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M6BQ, UK
| | - Eleanor J Ward
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M6BQ, UK
| | - Alessandra Colamatteo
- Istituto per l'Endocrinologia e l'Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IEOS-CNR), Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Maryam Jangani
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M6BQ, UK
| | - Andrea Baragetti
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Matarese
- Istituto per l'Endocrinologia e l'Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IEOS-CNR), Naples 80131, Italy; Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli "Federico II," Naples 80131, Italy
| | - David M Smith
- Discovery Sciences, Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire CB40WG, UK
| | - Robert Haas
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M6BQ, UK
| | - Claudio Mauro
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M6BQ, UK
| | - David C Wraith
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Klaus Okkenhaug
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Alberico L Catapano
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan 20133, Italy; IRCCS Multimedica Hospital, Milan 20138, Italy
| | - Veronica De Rosa
- Istituto per l'Endocrinologia e l'Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IEOS-CNR), Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Giuseppe D Norata
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan 20133, Italy; School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
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Baragetti A, Garlaschelli K, Bonacina F, Grigore L, Ammirati E, Catapano AL, Norata GD. Effector memory T cells predict atherosclerosis progression and cardiovascular events over 4 years follow-up. Atherosclerosis 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2017.06.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Baragetti A, Balzarotti G, Grigore L, Pellegatta F, Guerrini U, Pisano G, Fracanzani AL, Fargion S, Norata GD, Catapano AL. PCSK9 deficiency results in increased ectopic fat accumulation in experimental models and in humans. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2017; 24:1870-1877. [DOI: 10.1177/2047487317724342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Baragetti
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
- SISA Center for the Study of Atherosclerosis, Bassini Hospital, Italy
| | - Gloria Balzarotti
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Liliana Grigore
- SISA Center for the Study of Atherosclerosis, Bassini Hospital, Italy
- IRCCS Multimedica Hospital, Italy
| | - Fabio Pellegatta
- SISA Center for the Study of Atherosclerosis, Bassini Hospital, Italy
- IRCCS Multimedica Hospital, Italy
| | - Uliano Guerrini
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Pisano
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Ca’ Granda Foundation IRCCS Maggiore Policlinico Hospital, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Anna L Fracanzani
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Ca’ Granda Foundation IRCCS Maggiore Policlinico Hospital, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Silvia Fargion
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Ca’ Granda Foundation IRCCS Maggiore Policlinico Hospital, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Giuseppe D Norata
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Western Australia
| | - Alberico L Catapano
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
- IRCCS Multimedica Hospital, Italy
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30
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Ruscica M, Baragetti A, Catapano AL, Norata GD. Translating the biology of adipokines in atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases: Gaps and open questions. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2017; 27:379-395. [PMID: 28237179 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
AIM Critically discuss the available data, to identify the current gaps and to provide key concepts that will help clinicians in translating the biology of adipokines in the context of atherosclerosis and cardio-metabolic diseases. DATA SYNTHESIS Adipose tissue is nowadays recognized as an active endocrine organ, a function related to the ability to secrete adipokines (such as leptin and adiponectin) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor alpha and resistin). Studies in vitro and in animal models have observed that obesity status presents a chronic low-grade inflammation as the consequence of the immune cells infiltrating the adipose tissue as well as adipocytes. This inflammatory signature is often related to the presence of cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis and thrombosis. These links are less clear in humans, where the role of adipokines as prognostic marker and/or player in cardiovascular diseases is not as clear as that observed in experimental models. Moreover, plasma adipokine levels might reflect a condition of adipokine-resistance in which adipokine redundancy occurs. The investigation of the cardio-metabolic phenotype of carriers of single nucleotide polymorphisms affecting the levels or function of a specific adipokine might help determine their relevance in humans. Thus, the aim of the present review is to critically discuss the available data, identify the current gaps and provide key concepts that will help clinicians translate the biology of adipokines in the context of atherosclerosis and cardio-metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ruscica
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - A Baragetti
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; SISA Center for the Study of Atherosclerosis, Bassini Hospital, Cinisello Balsamo, Italy
| | - A L Catapano
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; IRCCS Multimedica Hospital, Sesto San Giovanni, Milan, Italy
| | - G D Norata
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; SISA Center for the Study of Atherosclerosis, Bassini Hospital, Cinisello Balsamo, Italy; School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
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Baragetti A, Norata GD. Long pentraxin PTX3 as a prognostic marker of cardiovascular mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease. Pol Arch Intern Med 2017; 127:152-153. [DOI: 10.20452/pamw.3989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Mauro C, Smith J, Cucchi D, Coe D, Fu H, Bonacina F, Baragetti A, Cermenati G, Caruso D, Mitro N, Catapano AL, Ammirati E, Longhi MP, Okkenhaug K, Norata GD, Marelli-Berg FM. Obesity-Induced Metabolic Stress Leads to Biased Effector Memory CD4 + T Cell Differentiation via PI3K p110δ-Akt-Mediated Signals. Cell Metab 2017; 25:593-609. [PMID: 28190771 PMCID: PMC5355363 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2017.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Low-grade systemic inflammation associated to obesity leads to cardiovascular complications, caused partly by infiltration of adipose and vascular tissue by effector T cells. The signals leading to T cell differentiation and tissue infiltration during obesity are poorly understood. We tested whether saturated fatty acid-induced metabolic stress affects differentiation and trafficking patterns of CD4+ T cells. Memory CD4+ T cells primed in high-fat diet-fed donors preferentially migrated to non-lymphoid, inflammatory sites, independent of the metabolic status of the hosts. This was due to biased CD4+ T cell differentiation into CD44hi-CCR7lo-CD62Llo-CXCR3+-LFA1+ effector memory-like T cells upon priming in high-fat diet-fed animals. Similar phenotype was observed in obese subjects in a cohort of free-living people. This developmental bias was independent of any crosstalk between CD4+ T cells and dendritic cells and was mediated via direct exposure of CD4+ T cells to palmitate, leading to increased activation of a PI3K p110δ-Akt-dependent pathway upon priming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Mauro
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK.
| | - Joanne Smith
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Danilo Cucchi
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK; Istituto Pasteur, Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - David Coe
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Hongmei Fu
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Fabrizia Bonacina
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan 9-20133, Italy
| | - Andrea Baragetti
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan 9-20133, Italy
| | - Gaia Cermenati
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan 9-20133, Italy
| | - Donatella Caruso
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan 9-20133, Italy
| | - Nico Mitro
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan 9-20133, Italy
| | - Alberico L Catapano
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan 9-20133, Italy; IRCCS Multimedica, Milan 2-242091, Italy
| | - Enrico Ammirati
- De Gasperis Cardio Center, Niguarda Ca' Granda Hospital, Milan 3-20162, Italy
| | - Maria P Longhi
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Klaus Okkenhaug
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Giuseppe D Norata
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan 9-20133, Italy; School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Federica M Marelli-Berg
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK.
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Baragetti A, Palmen J, Garlaschelli K, Grigore L, Humphries SE, Talmud PJ, Catapano AL, Norata GD. Genetically determined telomeres shortening is associated with carotid atherosclerosis progression and increased incidence of cardiovascular events. Int J Cardiol 2016; 223:43-45. [PMID: 27532233 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.08.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Baragetti
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Italy; Center for the Study of Atherosclerosis - Bassini Hospital, Cinisello Balsamo, Italy
| | - J Palmen
- Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - K Garlaschelli
- Center for the Study of Atherosclerosis - Bassini Hospital, Cinisello Balsamo, Italy
| | - L Grigore
- Center for the Study of Atherosclerosis - Bassini Hospital, Cinisello Balsamo, Italy; IRCCS - Multimedica Hospital, Sesto San Giovanni, Italy
| | - S E Humphries
- Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - P J Talmud
- Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - A L Catapano
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Italy; IRCCS - Multimedica Hospital, Sesto San Giovanni, Italy.
| | - G D Norata
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Italy; William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University, London, UK.
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Bonacina F, Barbieri SS, Cutuli L, Amadio P, Doni A, Sironi M, Tartari S, Mantovani A, Bottazzi B, Garlanda C, Tremoli E, Catapano AL, Norata GD. Vascular pentraxin 3 controls arterial thrombosis by targeting collagen and fibrinogen induced platelets aggregation. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2016; 1862:1182-90. [PMID: 26976330 PMCID: PMC4856734 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Aim The long pentraxin PTX3 plays a non-redundant role during acute myocardial infarction, atherosclerosis and in the orchestration of tissue repair and remodeling during vascular injury, clotting and fibrin deposition. The aim of this work is to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the protective role of PTX3 during arterial thrombosis. Methods and results PTX3 KO mice transplanted with bone marrow from WT or PTX3 KO mice presented a significant reduction in carotid artery blood flow following FeCl3 induced arterial thrombosis (− 80.36 ± 11.5% and − 95.53 ± 4.46%), while in WT mice transplanted with bone marrow from either WT or PTX3 KO mice, the reduction was less dramatic (− 45.55 ± 1.37% and − 53.39 ± 9.8%), thus pointing to a protective effect independent of a hematopoietic cell's derived PTX3. By using P-selectin/PTX3 double KO mice, we further excluded a role for P-selectin, a target of PTX3 released by neutrophils, in vascular protection played by PTX3. In agreement with a minor role for hematopoietic cell-derived PTX3, platelet activation (assessed by flow cytometric expression of markers of platelet activation) was similar in PTX3 KO and WT mice as were haemostatic properties. Histological analysis indicated that PTX3 localizes within the thrombus and the vessel wall, and specific experiments with the N-terminal and the C-terminal PTX3 domain showed the ability of PTX3 to selectively dampen either fibrinogen or collagen induced platelet adhesion and aggregation. Conclusion PTX3 interacts with fibrinogen and collagen and, by dampening their pro-thrombotic effects, plays a protective role during arterial thrombosis. PTX3 deficiency in non-hematopoietic cells results in increased arterial thrombosis. Defects in the PTX3-P-selectin axis are not responsible for increased arterial thrombosis. PTX3 might limit the pro-thrombotic potential of fibrinogen and collagen on platelets adhesion and aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Bonacina
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - S S Barbieri
- IRCCS, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Milan, Italy
| | - L Cutuli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - P Amadio
- IRCCS, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Milan, Italy
| | - A Doni
- IRCCS, Humanitas Research Foundation, Bruzzano, Milan, Italy
| | - M Sironi
- IRCCS, Humanitas Research Foundation, Bruzzano, Milan, Italy
| | - S Tartari
- IRCCS, Humanitas Research Foundation, Bruzzano, Milan, Italy
| | - A Mantovani
- IRCCS, Humanitas Research Foundation, Bruzzano, Milan, Italy
| | - B Bottazzi
- IRCCS, Humanitas Research Foundation, Bruzzano, Milan, Italy
| | - C Garlanda
- IRCCS, Humanitas Research Foundation, Bruzzano, Milan, Italy
| | - E Tremoli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; IRCCS, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Milan, Italy
| | - A L Catapano
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; IRCCS Multimedica, Milan, Italy.
| | - G D Norata
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; SISA Centre for the Study of Atherosclerosis, Bassini Hospital, Cinisello B, Milan, Italy; William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University, London, UK.
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Baragetti A, Pisano G, Bertelli C, Garlaschelli K, Grigore L, Fracanzani AL, Fargion S, Norata GD, Catapano AL. Subclinical atherosclerosis is associated with Epicardial Fat Thickness and hepatic steatosis in the general population. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2016; 26:141-153. [PMID: 26777475 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2015.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Abdominal obesity and hepatic steatosis are ectopic fat depots associated with Metabolic Syndrome (MetS). Epicardial Fat Thickness (EFT) is a newly discovered one, increasing with obesity, insulin resistance and MetS. Therefore we studied whether different ectopic fat markers, and EFT in particular, are associated with MetS and markers of subclinical cardiovascular disease. METHODS AND RESULTS 868 subjects from the PLIC Study were included, EFT, aortic calcifications, carotid Intima-Media Thickness (c-IMT) and echocardiographic parameters were determined by ultrasound; extra-cardiac atherosclerotic lesions were defined in presence of plaques at both carotid and aortic levels. Hepatic steatosis degrees were defined according to a scoring system. Abdominal adiposity was determined using Dual X-ray Absorbimetry (DEXA). Independently from age, women showed higher EFT versus men (4.5 (0.20-9.00) mm vs 4.00 (0.10-8.00) mm, p = 0.013); EFT was thicker in post-menopausal women (independently from hormone-replacement therapy). EFT, liver steatosis and abdominal adiposity increased with MetS (p < 0.001). EFT was the only ectopic fat marker associated with cardiac dysfunction (OR = 1.340 [1.088-1.651 95% C.I., p = 0.006); liver steatosis and EFT were associated with extra-cardiac plaques (OR = 2.529 [1.328-4.819] 95% C.I., p < 0.001 and OR = 1.195 [1.008-1.299] 95% C.I., p = 0.042; respectively). On top of cardiovascular risk factors, only EFT improved the discrimination of subjects with cardiac dysfunction and atherosclerotic plaques. CONCLUSIONS EFT is associated with left ventricular dysfunction and subclinical atherosclerosis. Our data suggest that EFT may represent an additional tool for the stratification of cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Baragetti
- Center for the Study of Atherosclerosis, Bassini Hospital, Cinisello Balsamo, Milan, Italy; Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - G Pisano
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna, Centro Studi Malattie Metaboliche del Fegato - Cà Granda IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - C Bertelli
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna, Centro Studi Malattie Metaboliche del Fegato - Cà Granda IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - K Garlaschelli
- Center for the Study of Atherosclerosis, Bassini Hospital, Cinisello Balsamo, Milan, Italy
| | - L Grigore
- Center for the Study of Atherosclerosis, Bassini Hospital, Cinisello Balsamo, Milan, Italy
| | - A L Fracanzani
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna, Centro Studi Malattie Metaboliche del Fegato - Cà Granda IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - S Fargion
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna, Centro Studi Malattie Metaboliche del Fegato - Cà Granda IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - G D Norata
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine & Dentistry Queen's Mary University, London, United Kingdom.
| | - A L Catapano
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; Multimedica Hospital - IRCCS, Sesto San Giovanni, Milan, Italy.
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Liao X, Norata GD, Polak JF, Stehouwer CDA, Catapano A, Rundek T, Ezhov M, Sander D, Thompson SG, Lorenz MW, Balakhonova T, Safarova M, Grigore L, Empana JP, Lin HJ, McLachlan S, Bokemark L, Ronkainen K, Schminke U, Lind L, Willeit P, Yanez DN, Steinmetz H, Poppert H, Desvarieux M, Ikram MA, Johnsen SH, Iglseder B, Friera A, Xie W, Plichart M, Su TC, Srinivasan SR, Schmidt C, Tuomainen TP, Völzke H, Nijpels G, Willeit J, Franco OH, Suarez C, Zhao D, Ducimetiere P, Chien KL, Robertson C, Bergström G, Kauhanen J, Dörr M, Dekker JM, Kiechl S, Sitzer M, Bickel H, Sacco RL, Hofman A, Mathiesen EB, Gabriel R, Liu J, Berenson G, Kavousi M, Price JF. Normative values for carotid intima media thickness and its progression: Are they transferrable outside of their cohort of origin? Eur J Prev Cardiol 2016; 23:1165-73. [DOI: 10.1177/2047487315625543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ximing Liao
- Department of Neurology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Giuseppe D Norata
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
- SISA Centre for the Study of Atherosclerosis, Bassini Hospital, Cinisello Balsamo, Italy
| | - Joseph F Polak
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, USA
| | - Coen DA Stehouwer
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, The Netherlands
| | - Alberico Catapano
- IRCSS Multimedica, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Tatjana Rundek
- Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, USA
| | - Marat Ezhov
- Atherosclerosis Department, Cardiology Research Centre, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dirk Sander
- Department of Neurology, Benedictus Hospital Tutzing & Feldafing, Feldafing, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Technische Universität München, Germany
| | - Simon G Thompson
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Matthias W Lorenz
- Department of Neurology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | - Maya Safarova
- Atherosclerosis Department, Cardiology Research Centre, Moscow, Russia
| | - Liliana Grigore
- SISA Centre for the Study of Atherosclerosis, Bassini Hospital, Cinisello Balsamo, Italy
| | - Jean-Philippe Empana
- Paris Cardiovascular Research Centre (PARCC), University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | - Hung-Ju Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Stela McLachlan
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Lena Bokemark
- Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular Research, Institution for Medicin, Department for Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Sweden
| | - Kimmo Ronkainen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ulf Schminke
- Department of Neurology, Greifswald University Clinic, Germany
| | - Lars Lind
- Department of Medicine, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Peter Willeit
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, UK
- Department of Neurology, Medical University Innsbruck, Austria
| | - David N Yanez
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Helmuth Steinmetz
- Department of Neurology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Holger Poppert
- Department of Neurology, Technische Universität München, Germany
| | - Moise Desvarieux
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - M Arfan Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stein Harald Johnsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Northern Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Bernhard Iglseder
- Parcelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Gemeinnützige Salzburger Landeskliniken Betriebsgesellschaft GmbH Christian-Doppler-Klinik, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Alfonsa Friera
- Radiology Department, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
| | - Wuxiang Xie
- Department of Epidemiology, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, China
| | - Matthieu Plichart
- Assistance Publique, Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Broca, Paris, France
| | - Ta-Chen Su
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sathanur R Srinivasan
- Center for Cardiovascular Health, Department of Epidemiology, Biochemistry, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, USA
| | - Caroline Schmidt
- Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular Research, Institution for Medicin, Department for Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Sweden
| | - Tomi-Pekka Tuomainen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Henry Völzke
- Institute for Community Medicine, SHIP/Clinical-Epidemiological Research, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Giel Nijpels
- Department of General Practice, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johann Willeit
- Department of Neurology, Medical University Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Oscar H Franco
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carmen Suarez
- Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
| | - Dong Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, China
| | | | - Kuo-Liong Chien
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Göran Bergström
- Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular Research, Institution for Medicin, Department for Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Sweden
| | - Jussi Kauhanen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Marcus Dörr
- Department B for Internal Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Germany
- German Centrefor Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jaqueline M Dekker
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Kiechl
- Department of Neurology, Medical University Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Matthias Sitzer
- Department of Neurology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum Herford, Germany
| | - Horst Bickel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität München, Germany
| | - Ralph L Sacco
- Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, USA
| | - Albert Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ellisiv B Mathiesen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Northern Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Rafael Gabriel
- Instituto de Investigación IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, China
| | - Gerald Berenson
- Department of Medicine, Pediatrics, Biochemistry, Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Medicine and School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, USA
| | - Maryam Kavousi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jackie F Price
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, UK
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Lorenz MW, Price JF, Robertson C, Bots ML, Polak JF, Poppert H, Kavousi M, Dörr M, Stensland E, Ducimetiere P, Ronkainen K, Kiechl S, Sitzer M, Rundek T, Lind L, Liu J, Bergström G, Grigore L, Bokemark L, Friera A, Yanez D, Bickel H, Ikram MA, Völzke H, Johnsen SH, Empana JP, Tuomainen TP, Willeit P, Steinmetz H, Desvarieux M, Xie W, Schmidt C, Norata GD, Suarez C, Sander D, Hofman A, Schminke U, Mathiesen E, Plichart M, Kauhanen J, Willeit J, Sacco RL, McLachlan S, Zhao D, Fagerberg B, Catapano AL, Gabriel R, Franco OH, Bülbül A, Scheckenbach F, Pflug A, Gao L, Thompson SG. Carotid intima-media thickness progression and risk of vascular events in people with diabetes: results from the PROG-IMT collaboration. Diabetes Care 2015; 38:1921-9. [PMID: 26180107 PMCID: PMC4580609 DOI: 10.2337/dc14-2732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) is a marker of subclinical organ damage and predicts cardiovascular disease (CVD) events in the general population. It has also been associated with vascular risk in people with diabetes. However, the association of CIMT change in repeated examinations with subsequent CVD events is uncertain, and its use as a surrogate end point in clinical trials is controversial. We aimed at determining the relation of CIMT change to CVD events in people with diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In a comprehensive meta-analysis of individual participant data, we collated data from 3,902 adults (age 33-92 years) with type 2 diabetes from 21 population-based cohorts. We calculated the hazard ratio (HR) per standard deviation (SD) difference in mean common carotid artery intima-media thickness (CCA-IMT) or in CCA-IMT progression, both calculated from two examinations on average 3.6 years apart, for each cohort, and combined the estimates with random-effects meta-analysis. RESULTS Average mean CCA-IMT ranged from 0.72 to 0.97 mm across cohorts in people with diabetes. The HR of CVD events was 1.22 (95% CI 1.12-1.33) per SD difference in mean CCA-IMT, after adjustment for age, sex, and cardiometabolic risk factors. Average mean CCA-IMT progression in people with diabetes ranged between -0.09 and 0.04 mm/year. The HR per SD difference in mean CCA-IMT progression was 0.99 (0.91-1.08). CONCLUSIONS Despite reproducing the association between CIMT level and vascular risk in subjects with diabetes, we did not find an association between CIMT change and vascular risk. These results do not support the use of CIMT progression as a surrogate end point in clinical trials in people with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias W Lorenz
- Department of Neurology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jackie F Price
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K
| | - Christine Robertson
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K
| | - Michiel L Bots
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Joseph F Polak
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Holger Poppert
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of the Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Maryam Kavousi
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marcus Dörr
- Department of Internal Medicine B/Cardiology, Greifswald University Clinic, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Eva Stensland
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
| | | | - Kimmo Ronkainen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Stefan Kiechl
- Department of Neurology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Matthias Sitzer
- Department of Neurology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany Department of Neurology, Klinikum Herford, Herford, Germany
| | - Tatjana Rundek
- Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL
| | - Lars Lind
- Department of Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Göran Bergström
- Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular Research, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Liliana Grigore
- SISA Center for the Study of Atherosclerosis, Bassini Hospital, Cinisello Balsamo, Italy IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Lena Bokemark
- Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular Research, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Alfonsa Friera
- Radiology Department, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Yanez
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Horst Bickel
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of the Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - M Arfan Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Henry Völzke
- Institute for Community Medicine, SHIP/Clinical-Epidemiological Research, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Stein Harald Johnsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, University Hospital of Northern Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | | | - Tomi-Pekka Tuomainen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Peter Willeit
- Department of Neurology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Helmuth Steinmetz
- Department of Neurology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Moise Desvarieux
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique, Paris, France INSERM U 738, Paris, France
| | - Wuxiang Xie
- Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Caroline Schmidt
- Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular Research, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Giuseppe D Norata
- SISA Center for the Study of Atherosclerosis, Bassini Hospital, Cinisello Balsamo, Italy Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Carmen Suarez
- Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dirk Sander
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of the Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany Department of Neurology, Benedictus Hospital Tutzing and Feldafing, Feldafing, Germany
| | - Albert Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Ulf Schminke
- Department of Neurology, Greifswald University Clinic, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Ellisiv Mathiesen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, University Hospital of Northern Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Matthieu Plichart
- INSERM U 970, Paris, France Gerontology Department, Broca Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Jussi Kauhanen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Johann Willeit
- Department of Neurology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ralph L Sacco
- Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL
| | - Stela McLachlan
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K
| | - Dong Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Björn Fagerberg
- Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular Research, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Alberico L Catapano
- IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Rafael Gabriel
- Instituto de Investigación IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Oscar H Franco
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Alpaslan Bülbül
- Department of Neurology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Frank Scheckenbach
- Department of Neurology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Anja Pflug
- Department of Neurology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Lu Gao
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, Institute of Public Health, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Simon G Thompson
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K
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Doni A, Musso T, Morone D, Bastone A, Zambelli V, Sironi M, Castagnoli C, Cambieri I, Stravalaci M, Pasqualini F, Laface I, Valentino S, Tartari S, Ponzetta A, Maina V, Barbieri SS, Tremoli E, Catapano AL, Norata GD, Bottazzi B, Garlanda C, Mantovani A. An acidic microenvironment sets the humoral pattern recognition molecule PTX3 in a tissue repair mode. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 212:905-25. [PMID: 25964372 PMCID: PMC4451130 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20141268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Doni et al. use four tissue damage models in mice and find that the fluid phase pattern recognition molecule pentraxin 3 (PTX3) plays a role in tissue remodeling and repair. PTX3 binds fibrinogen/fibrin and plasminogen at an acidic pH within tissues. Mice deficient in PTX3 present defects in fibrin deposition, clot formation, collagen deposition, and macrophage-mediated fibrinolysis. Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) is a fluid-phase pattern recognition molecule and a key component of the humoral arm of innate immunity. In four different models of tissue damage in mice, PTX3 deficiency was associated with increased fibrin deposition and persistence, and thicker clots, followed by increased collagen deposition, when compared with controls. Ptx3-deficient macrophages showed defective pericellular fibrinolysis in vitro. PTX3-bound fibrinogen/fibrin and plasminogen at acidic pH and increased plasmin-mediated fibrinolysis. The second exon-encoded N-terminal domain of PTX3 recapitulated the activity of the intact molecule. Thus, a prototypic component of humoral innate immunity, PTX3, plays a nonredundant role in the orchestration of tissue repair and remodeling. Tissue acidification resulting from metabolic adaptation during tissue repair sets PTX3 in a tissue remodeling and repair mode, suggesting that matrix and microbial recognition are common, ancestral features of the humoral arm of innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Doni
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) - Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, 20089 Milan, Italy
| | - Tiziana Musso
- Department of Public Health and Microbiology, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy
| | - Diego Morone
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) - Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, 20089 Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Bastone
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmachology, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Vanessa Zambelli
- Department of Health Science, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Monza, Italy
| | - Marina Sironi
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) - Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, 20089 Milan, Italy
| | - Carlotta Castagnoli
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Burn Unit and Skin Bank, Centro Traumatologico Ortopedico (CTO) Hospital, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Irene Cambieri
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Burn Unit and Skin Bank, Centro Traumatologico Ortopedico (CTO) Hospital, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Matteo Stravalaci
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmachology, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Pasqualini
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) - Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, 20089 Milan, Italy
| | - Ilaria Laface
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) - Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, 20089 Milan, Italy
| | - Sonia Valentino
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) - Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, 20089 Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Tartari
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) - Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, 20089 Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Ponzetta
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) - Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, 20089 Milan, Italy
| | - Virginia Maina
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) - Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, 20089 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Elena Tremoli
- IRCCS - Centro Cardiologico Monzino, 20138 Milan, Italy Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Alberico L Catapano
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy IRCCS - Multimedica, 20099 Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe D Norata
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy Società Italiana per lo Studio della Arteriosclerosi (SISA) Center for the Study of Atherosclerosis, Bassini Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Bottazzi
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) - Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, 20089 Milan, Italy
| | - Cecilia Garlanda
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) - Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, 20089 Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Mantovani
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) - Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, 20089 Milan, Italy Humanitas University, 20089 Milan, Italy
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Baragetti A, Palmen J, Garlaschelli K, Grigore L, Pellegatta F, Tragni E, Catapano AL, Humphries SE, Norata GD, Talmud PJ. Telomere shortening over 6 years is associated with increased subclinical carotid vascular damage and worse cardiovascular prognosis in the general population. J Intern Med 2015; 277:478-87. [PMID: 25040775 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Leucocyte telomere length (LTL) is an important determinant of telomere function and cellular replicative capacity. The aim of the present study was to examine prospectively the associations between telomere shortening (TS) and both the progression of atherosclerosis and the incidence of cardiovascular events (CVEs). MATERIALS AND METHODS Leucocyte telomere length was measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction to determine the ratio of telomere length to single-copy gene (T/S) in 768 subjects (462 female and 306 male) enrolled in a large general population survey [the Progressione della Lesione Intimale Carotidea (PLIC study)]. Common carotid artery intima-media thickness was determined at baseline and after 6 years of follow-up, and the associations between TS and the progression of atherosclerosis and incidence of CVEs were evaluated. RESULTS Mean LTL was 1.25 ± 0.92 T/S (median 1.14) at baseline and 0.70 ± 0.37 T/S (median 0.70) after 6 years of follow-up. Median 6-year LTL change was -0.46 T/S [interquartile range (IQR) -0.57 to 1.06], equating to -0.078 T/S [IQR(-0.092 to 0.176)] per year. Of note, telomere lengthening occurred in 30.4% of subjects. After adjustment for classical cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors (age, gender, smoking, physical activity, alcohol consumption, systolic blood pressure, glucose levels, lipid profile and therapies), TS was associated with incident subclinical carotid vascular damage [hazard ratio (HR) 5.19, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.20-22.4, P = 0.028]. Finally, subjects in whom LTL shortened over time showed an increased risk of incident CVE, compared to those in whom LTL lengthened (HR 1.69, CI 1.02-2.78, P = 0.041). CONCLUSION These data indicate that TS is associated with increased risk of subclinical carotid vascular damage and increased incidence of CVEs beyond CVD risk factors in the general population, whereas LTL lengthening is protective.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Baragetti
- Center for the Study of Atherosclerosis, Bassini Hospital, Cinisello Balsamo, Milan, Italy; Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Garetto S, Trovato AE, Lleo A, Sala F, Martini E, Betz AG, Norata GD, Invernizzi P, Kallikourdis M. Peak inflammation in atherosclerosis, primary biliary cirrhosis and autoimmune arthritis is counter-intuitively associated with regulatory T cell enrichment. Immunobiology 2015; 220:1025-9. [PMID: 25770018 PMCID: PMC4457006 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2015.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Revised: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Treg) influence the development of autoimmunity and their use is increasingly proposed for clinical applications. The well-characterized suppressive potential of Treg frequently leads to the assumption that Treg presence in prevailing numbers is indicative of immunosuppression. We hypothesized that this assumption may be false. We examined models of three different diseases caused by organ-specific autoimmune responses: primary biliary cirrhosis, atherosclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We examined indicators of relative abundance of Treg compared to pro-inflammatory T cells, during peak inflammation. In all cases, the results were compatible with a relative enrichment of Treg at the site of inflammation or its most proximal draining lymph node. Conversely, in healthy mice or mice successfully protected from disease via a Treg-mediated mechanism, the data did not suggest that any Treg accumulation was occurring. This counter-intuitive finding may appear to be at odds with the immunosuppressive nature of Treg. Yet extensive previous studies in RA show that an accumulation of Treg occurs at peak inflammation, albeit without resulting in suppression, as the Treg suppressive function is overcome by the cytokine-rich environment. We suggest that this is a ubiquitous feature of autoimmune inflammation. Treg abundance in patient samples is increasingly used as an indicator of a state of immunosuppression. We conclude that this strategy should be revisited as it may potentially be a source of misinterpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Garetto
- Adaptive Immunity Laboratory, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano (Milano), Italy
| | - Anna Elisa Trovato
- Adaptive Immunity Laboratory, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano (Milano), Italy
| | - Ana Lleo
- Liver Unit and Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano (Milano), Italy; Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano (Milan), Italy
| | - Federica Sala
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Martini
- Adaptive Immunity Laboratory, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano (Milano), Italy
| | - Alexander G Betz
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, UK
| | - Giuseppe D Norata
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; Center for the Study of Atherosclerosis, Società Italiana Studio Aterosclerosi, Ospedale Bassini, Cinisello Balsamo, Italy; The Blizard Institute, Centre for Diabetes, Barts and The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University, London, UK
| | - Pietro Invernizzi
- Liver Unit and Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano (Milano), Italy; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Marinos Kallikourdis
- Adaptive Immunity Laboratory, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano (Milano), Italy; Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano (Milan), Italy.
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Cefalù AB, Norata GD, Ghiglioni DG, Noto D, Uboldi P, Garlaschelli K, Baragetti A, Spina R, Valenti V, Pederiva C, Riva E, Terracciano L, Zoja A, Grigore L, Averna MR, Catapano AL. Homozygous familial hypobetalipoproteinemia: two novel mutations in the splicing sites of apolipoprotein B gene and review of the literature. Atherosclerosis 2015; 239:209-17. [PMID: 25618028 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2014] [Revised: 12/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Familial hypobetalipoproteinemia (FHBL) is autosomal codominant disorder of lipoprotein metabolism characterized by low plasma levels of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) and apolipoprotein B (apoB) below the 5(th) percentile of the distribution in the population. Patients with the clinical diagnosis of homozygous FHBL (Ho-FHBL) are extremely rare and few patients have been characterized at the molecular level. Here we report the medical history and the molecular characterization of one paediatric patient with clinical features of Ho-FHBL. METHODS A one month old infant with failure to thrive, severe hypocholesterolemia and acanthocytosis was clinically and genetically characterized. Molecular characterization of the proband and her parents was performed by direct sequencing of the APOB gene and functional role of the identified mutations was assessed by the minigene methodology. RESULTS The proband was found carrying two novel splicing mutations of the APOB gene (c.3696+1G > C and c.3697-1G > A). CHOK1H8 cells expressing minigenes harbouring the mutations showed that these two mutations were associated with the retention of intron 23 and skipping of exon 24, resulting in two truncated apoB fragments of approximate size of 26-28 % of ApoB-100 and the total absence of apoB. CONCLUSION We describe the first case of Ho-FHBL due to two splicing mutations affecting both the donor and the acceptor splice sites of the same intron of the APOB gene occurring in the same patient. The clinical management of the proband is discussed and a review of the clinical and genetic features of the published Ho-FHBL cases is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo B Cefalù
- Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica (DIBIMIS), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe D Norata
- Department of Pharmacology and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Davide Noto
- Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica (DIBIMIS), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Italy
| | - Patrizia Uboldi
- Department of Pharmacology and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Katia Garlaschelli
- Department of Pharmacology and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Andrea Baragetti
- Department of Pharmacology and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Rossella Spina
- Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica (DIBIMIS), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Italy
| | - Vincenza Valenti
- Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica (DIBIMIS), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Italy
| | - Cristina Pederiva
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Enrica Riva
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | | | - Alexa Zoja
- Department of Paediatrics, Melloni Hospital, Milano, Italy
| | - Liliana Grigore
- Department of Pharmacology and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy; IRCCS Multimedica, Milano, Italy
| | - Maurizio R Averna
- Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica (DIBIMIS), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Italy.
| | - Alberico L Catapano
- Department of Pharmacology and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy; IRCCS Multimedica, Milano, Italy.
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42
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Willeit P, Thompson SG, Agewall S, Bergström G, Bickel H, Catapano AL, Chien KL, de Groot E, Empana JP, Etgen T, Franco OH, Iglseder B, Johnsen SH, Kavousi M, Lind L, Liu J, Mathiesen EB, Norata GD, Olsen MH, Papagianni A, Poppert H, Price JF, Sacco RL, Yanez DN, Zhao D, Schminke U, Bülbül A, Polak JF, Sitzer M, Hofman A, Grigore L, Dörr M, Su TC, Ducimetière P, Xie W, Ronkainen K, Kiechl S, Rundek T, Robertson C, Fagerberg B, Bokemark L, Steinmetz H, Ikram MA, Völzke H, Lin HJ, Plichart M, Tuomainen TP, Desvarieux M, McLachlan S, Schmidt C, Kauhanen J, Willeit J, Lorenz MW, Sander D. Inflammatory markers and extent and progression of early atherosclerosis: Meta-analysis of individual-participant-data from 20 prospective studies of the PROG-IMT collaboration. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2014; 23:194-205. [PMID: 25416041 DOI: 10.1177/2047487314560664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Large-scale epidemiological evidence on the role of inflammation in early atherosclerosis, assessed by carotid ultrasound, is lacking. We aimed to quantify cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of inflammatory markers with common-carotid-artery intima-media thickness (CCA-IMT) in the general population. METHODS Information on high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, leucocyte count and CCA-IMT was available in 20 prospective cohort studies of the PROG-IMT collaboration involving 49,097 participants free of pre-existing cardiovascular disease. Estimates of associations were calculated within each study and then combined using random-effects meta-analyses. RESULTS Mean baseline CCA-IMT amounted to 0.74 mm (SD = 0.18) and mean CCA-IMT progression over a mean of 3.9 years to 0.011 mm/year (SD = 0.039). Cross-sectional analyses showed positive linear associations between inflammatory markers and baseline CCA-IMT. After adjustment for traditional cardiovascular risk factors, mean differences in baseline CCA-IMT per one-SD higher inflammatory marker were: 0.0082 mm for high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (p < 0.001); 0.0072 mm for fibrinogen (p < 0.001); and 0.0025 mm for leucocyte count (p = 0.033). 'Inflammatory load', defined as the number of elevated inflammatory markers (i.e. in upper two quintiles), showed a positive linear association with baseline CCA-IMT (p < 0.001). Longitudinal associations of baseline inflammatory markers and changes therein with CCA-IMT progression were null or at most weak. Participants with the highest 'inflammatory load' had a greater CCA-IMT progression (p = 0.015). CONCLUSION Inflammation was independently associated with CCA-IMT cross-sectionally. The lack of clear associations with CCA-IMT progression may be explained by imprecision in its assessment within a limited time period. Our findings for 'inflammatory load' suggest important combined effects of the three inflammatory markers on early atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Willeit
- The Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, UK Department of Neurology, Medical University Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Simon G Thompson
- The Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Stefan Agewall
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Oslo, and the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Norway
| | - Göran Bergström
- Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular Research, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Horst Bickel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of the Technische Universität München, Germany
| | - Alberico L Catapano
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, University of Milan, and IRCSS Multimedica Sesto S Giovanni, Milan, Italy
| | - Kuo-Liong Chien
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Eric de Groot
- Academic Medical Centre, Cardiology and Thoracic Surgery, and Imagelabonline and Cardiovascular, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Thorleif Etgen
- Department of Neurology, Kliniken Südostbayern, Klinikum Traunstein, Germany
| | - Oscar H Franco
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bernhard Iglseder
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, and the Gemeinnützige Salzburger Landeskliniken Betriebsgesellschaft GmbH, Christian-Doppler-Klinik, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Stein H Johnsen
- Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, University Hospital of Northern Norway, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Maryam Kavousi
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lars Lind
- Department of Medicine, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, PR China
| | - Ellisiv B Mathiesen
- Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, University Hospital of Northern Norway, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Giuseppe D Norata
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, University of Milan, and the SISA Centre for the Study of Atherosclerosis, Bassini Hospital, Cinisello Balsamo, Italy
| | - Michael H Olsen
- Department of Endocrinology, Centre for Individualized Medicine in Arterial Diseases, Odense University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Aikaterini Papagianni
- Department of Nephrology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration General Hospital, Greece
| | - Holger Poppert
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of the Technische Universität München, Germany
| | - Jackie F Price
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ralph L Sacco
- Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL, USA
| | - David N Yanez
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Dong Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, PR China
| | - Ulf Schminke
- Department of Neurology, Greifswald University Clinic, Germany
| | - Alpaslan Bülbül
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Joseph F Polak
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthias Sitzer
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany Department of Neurology, Klinikum Herford, Germany
| | - Albert Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Liliana Grigore
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, University of Milan, and the SISA Centre for the Study of Atherosclerosis, Bassini Hospital, Cinisello Balsamo, Italy
| | - Marcus Dörr
- Department B for Internal Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, and the German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Greifswald, Germany
| | - Ta-Chen Su
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Wuxiang Xie
- Department of Epidemiology, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, PR China
| | - Kimmo Ronkainen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Stefan Kiechl
- Department of Neurology, Medical University Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Tatjana Rundek
- Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Björn Fagerberg
- Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular Research, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lena Bokemark
- Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular Research, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Helmuth Steinmetz
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - M Arfan Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Henry Völzke
- Institute for Community Medicine, SHIP/Clinical-Epidemiological Research, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Hung-Ju Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan Health Management Centre, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Matthieu Plichart
- INSERM, U970, Université Paris Descartes, France Gerontology Department, Broca Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Tomi-Pekka Tuomainen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Moise Desvarieux
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, USA, and the École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique, and INSERM U738, Paris, France
| | - Stela McLachlan
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Caroline Schmidt
- Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular Research, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jussi Kauhanen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Johann Willeit
- Department of Neurology, Medical University Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Matthias W Lorenz
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Dirk Sander
- Department of Neurology, Benedictus Krankenhaus Tutzing and Feldafing, Tutzing, Germany and Technische Universität München, Germany
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43
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Demetz E, Schroll A, Auer K, Heim C, Patsch JR, Eller P, Theurl M, Theurl I, Theurl M, Seifert M, Lener D, Stanzl U, Haschka D, Asshoff M, Dichtl S, Nairz M, Huber E, Stadlinger M, Moschen AR, Li X, Pallweber P, Scharnagl H, Stojakovic T, März W, Kleber ME, Garlaschelli K, Uboldi P, Catapano AL, Stellaard F, Rudling M, Kuba K, Imai Y, Arita M, Schuetz JD, Pramstaller PP, Tietge UJF, Trauner M, Norata GD, Claudel T, Hicks AA, Weiss G, Tancevski I. The arachidonic acid metabolome serves as a conserved regulator of cholesterol metabolism. Cell Metab 2014; 20:787-798. [PMID: 25444678 PMCID: PMC4232508 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2014.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Revised: 08/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cholesterol metabolism is closely interrelated with cardiovascular disease in humans. Dietary supplementation with omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids including arachidonic acid (AA) was shown to favorably affect plasma LDL-C and HDL-C. However, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. By combining data from a GWAS screening in >100,000 individuals of European ancestry, mediator lipidomics, and functional validation studies in mice, we identify the AA metabolome as an important regulator of cholesterol homeostasis. Pharmacological modulation of AA metabolism by aspirin induced hepatic generation of leukotrienes (LTs) and lipoxins (LXs), thereby increasing hepatic expression of the bile salt export pump Abcb11. Induction of Abcb11 translated in enhanced reverse cholesterol transport, one key function of HDL. Further characterization of the bioactive AA-derivatives identified LX mimetics to lower plasma LDL-C. Our results define the AA metabolomeasconserved regulator of cholesterol metabolism, and identify AA derivatives as promising therapeutics to treat cardiovascular disease in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Egon Demetz
- Department of Internal Medicine VI, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andrea Schroll
- Department of Internal Medicine VI, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Kristina Auer
- Department of Internal Medicine VI, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christiane Heim
- Department of Internal Medicine VI, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Josef R Patsch
- Department of Internal Medicine VI, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Philipp Eller
- Department of Internal Medicine, Angiology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Markus Theurl
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Igor Theurl
- Department of Internal Medicine VI, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Milan Theurl
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Markus Seifert
- Department of Internal Medicine VI, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Daniela Lener
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ursula Stanzl
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - David Haschka
- Department of Internal Medicine VI, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Malte Asshoff
- Department of Internal Medicine VI, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Stefanie Dichtl
- Department of Internal Medicine VI, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Manfred Nairz
- Department of Internal Medicine VI, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Eva Huber
- Department of Internal Medicine VI, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Martin Stadlinger
- Department of Internal Medicine VI, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Alexander R Moschen
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Xiaorong Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Capital Medical University, Number 10 Xitoutiao, You An Men, 100069 Beijing, China
| | - Petra Pallweber
- Department of Pediatrics II, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Hubert Scharnagl
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Tatjana Stojakovic
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Winfried März
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036 Graz, Austria; Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Clinic V, Mannheim Medical Faculty, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; Synlab Academy, Harrlachweg 1, 68163 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Marcus E Kleber
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Clinic V, Mannheim Medical Faculty, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Katia Garlaschelli
- Center for the Study of Atherosclerosis, Bassini Hospital, via Gorki 50, 20092 Cinisello Balsamo Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Uboldi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Alberico L Catapano
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy; IRCCS Multimedica, via Milanese 300, 20099 Sesto San Giovanni Milan, Italy
| | - Frans Stellaard
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Mats Rudling
- Department of Medicine and Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Keiji Kuba
- Department of Biological Informatics and Experimental Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Akita University, 1-1 Tegata Gakuen-machi, 010-8502 Akita City, Japan
| | - Yumiko Imai
- Department of Biological Informatics and Experimental Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Akita University, 1-1 Tegata Gakuen-machi, 010-8502 Akita City, Japan
| | - Makoto Arita
- Department of Health Chemistry, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, 113-8654 Tokyo, Japan
| | - John D Schuetz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, MS313, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Peter P Pramstaller
- Center for Biomedicine, European Academy Bozen/Bolzano (EURAC), Drususallee 1, 39100 Bolzano, Italy-Affiliated Institute of the University of Luebeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Luebeck, Germany
| | - Uwe J F Tietge
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Michael Trauner
- Hans Popper Laboratory of Molecular Hepatology, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Giuseppe D Norata
- Center for the Study of Atherosclerosis, Bassini Hospital, via Gorki 50, 20092 Cinisello Balsamo Milan, Italy; Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy; The Blizard Institute, Centre for Diabetes, Barts and The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University, 4 Newark Street, E1 2AT London, UK
| | - Thierry Claudel
- Hans Popper Laboratory of Molecular Hepatology, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrew A Hicks
- Center for Biomedicine, European Academy Bozen/Bolzano (EURAC), Drususallee 1, 39100 Bolzano, Italy-Affiliated Institute of the University of Luebeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Luebeck, Germany
| | - Guenter Weiss
- Department of Internal Medicine VI, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Ivan Tancevski
- Department of Internal Medicine VI, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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Ammirati E, Bozzolo EP, Contri R, Baragetti A, Palini AG, Cianflone D, Banfi M, Uboldi P, Bottoni G, Scotti I, Pirillo A, Grigore L, Garlaschelli K, Monaco C, Catapano AL, Sabbadini MG, Manfredi AA, Norata GD. Cardiometabolic and immune factors associated with increased common carotid artery intima-media thickness and cardiovascular disease in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2014; 24:751-759. [PMID: 24787906 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2014.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Revised: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 01/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have a higher prevalence of subclinical atherosclerosis and higher risk of cardiovascular (CV) events compared to the general population. The relative contribution of CV-, immune- and disease-related risk factors to accelerated atherogenesis in SLE is unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS Fifty SLE patients with long-lasting disease (mean age 44 ± 10 years, 86% female) and 50 sex- and age-matched control subjects were studied. Common carotid artery intima-media thickness (CCA-IMT) was used as a surrogate marker of atherosclerosis. We evaluated traditional and immune- and disease-related factors, assessed multiple T-cell subsets by 10-parameter-eight-colour polychromatic flow cytometry and addressed the effect of pharmacological therapies on CCA-IMT. In SLE patients, among several cardiometabolic risk factors, only high-density lipoprotein levels (HDL) and their adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporter 1 (ABCA-1)-dependent cholesterol efflux capacity were markedly reduced (p < 0.01), whereas the CCA-IMT was significantly increased (p = 0.03) compared to controls. CCA-IMT correlated with systolic blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and body mass index (BMI), but not with disease activity and duration. The activated CD4(+)HLA-DR(+) and CCR5(+) T-cell subsets were expanded in SLE patients. Patients under hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) therapy showed lower CCA-IMT (0.62 ± 0.08 vs. 0.68 ± 0.10 mm; p = 0.03) and better risk-factor profile and presented reduced circulating pro-atherogenic effector memory T-cell subsets and a parallel increased percentage of naïve T-cell subsets. CONCLUSION HDL represents the main metabolic parameter altered in SLE patients. The increased CCA-IMT in SLE patients may represent the net result of a process in which 'classic' CV risk factors give a continuous contribution, together with immunological factors (CD4(+)HLA-DR(+) T cells) which, on the contrary, could contribute through flares of activity of various degrees over time. Patients under HCQ therapy present a modified metabolic profile, a reduced T-cell activation associated with decreased subclinical atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Ammirati
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute and Vita-Salute University, Milan, Italy; The Heart Transplantation Division, Ospedale Niguarda Ca' Granda, Milan, Italy.
| | - E P Bozzolo
- The Department of Medicine, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
| | - R Contri
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute and Vita-Salute University, Milan, Italy.
| | - A Baragetti
- Center for The Study of Atherosclerosis, Italian Society for The Study of Atherosclerosis Lombardia Chapter, Bassini Hospital Cinisello Balsamo, Milan, Italy; Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
| | - A G Palini
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute and Vita-Salute University, Milan, Italy; The Flow Cytometry Resource, Advanced Cytometry Technical Applications Laboratory, Milan, Italy; Nestlé Institute of Health Science, Flow Cytometry, EPFL Innovation Park, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - D Cianflone
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute and Vita-Salute University, Milan, Italy.
| | - M Banfi
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute and Vita-Salute University, Milan, Italy.
| | - P Uboldi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
| | - G Bottoni
- The Hull York Medical School, York, UK.
| | - I Scotti
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute and Vita-Salute University, Milan, Italy.
| | - A Pirillo
- Center for The Study of Atherosclerosis, Italian Society for The Study of Atherosclerosis Lombardia Chapter, Bassini Hospital Cinisello Balsamo, Milan, Italy.
| | - L Grigore
- Center for The Study of Atherosclerosis, Italian Society for The Study of Atherosclerosis Lombardia Chapter, Bassini Hospital Cinisello Balsamo, Milan, Italy; The Multimedica IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
| | - K Garlaschelli
- Center for The Study of Atherosclerosis, Italian Society for The Study of Atherosclerosis Lombardia Chapter, Bassini Hospital Cinisello Balsamo, Milan, Italy.
| | | | - A L Catapano
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; The Multimedica IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
| | - M G Sabbadini
- The Department of Medicine, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
| | - A A Manfredi
- The Department of Medicine, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
| | - G D Norata
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; The Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University, London, UK.
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Abstract
High-density lipoproteins (HDL) are a target for drug development because of their proposed anti-atherogenic properties. In this review, we will briefly discuss the currently established drugs for increasing HDL-C, namely niacin and fibrates, and some of their limitations. Next, we will focus on novel alternative therapies that are currently being developed for raising HDL-C, such as CETP inhibitors. Finally, we will conclude with a review of novel drugs that are being developed for modulating the function of HDL based on HDL mimetics. Gaps in our knowledge and the challenges that will have to be overcome for these new HDL based therapies will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan T Remaley
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, 10 Center Drive, Bldg. 10, Rm. 2C-433, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Giuseppe D Norata
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy Center for the Study of Atherosclerosis, Società Italiana Studio Aterosclerosi, Ospedale Bassini, Cinisello Balsamo, Italy The Blizard Institute, Centre for Diabetes, Barts and The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University, London, UK
| | - Alberico L Catapano
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy IRCCS Multimedica, Milan, Italy
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46
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Baragetti A, Knoflach M, Cuccovillo I, Grigore L, Casula M, Garlaschelli K, Mantovani A, Wick G, Kiechl S, Willeit J, Bottazzi B, Catapano AL, Norata GD. Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) plasma levels and carotid intima media thickness progression in the general population. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2014; 24:518-523. [PMID: 24462365 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2013.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Revised: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) is an essential component of the humoral arm of innate immunity and, like C-reactive protein, is independently associated with the risk of developing vascular events. Aim of this study was to investigate, in two large population-based surveys, the Bruneck Study and the PLIC Study, whether PTX3 plasma levels predict the progression of common carotid artery intima-media thickness (CCA-IMT), a surrogate marker of atherosclerosis, in the general population during 5 or 6 years of follow-up. RESULTS In the Bruneck Study, PTX3 plasma levels did not predict a faster progression of CCA-IMT either in the carotid artery or in the femoral artery. This finding was confirmed in the PLIC Study where subjects within the highest tertile of PTX3 did not show an increased progression of CCA-IMT. PTX3 plasma levels were also not associated with the fastest maximum IMT progression. In summary, in more than 2400 subjects from the general population, PTX3 plasma level is neither an independent predictor of progression of subclinical atherosclerosis in different arterial territories, including carotid and femoral arteries nor of incident cardiovascular events. CONCLUSION These findings support the relevance of investigating the predictive value of PTX3 plasma levels only in specific settings, like overt CVD, heart failure or acute myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Baragetti
- Center for the Study of Atherosclerosis, Bassini Hospital, Cinisello Balsamo, Milan, Italy; Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - M Knoflach
- Department of Neurology, Medical University Innsbruck, Austria
| | - I Cuccovillo
- Department of Inflammation and Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - L Grigore
- Center for the Study of Atherosclerosis, Bassini Hospital, Cinisello Balsamo, Milan, Italy
| | - M Casula
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - K Garlaschelli
- Center for the Study of Atherosclerosis, Bassini Hospital, Cinisello Balsamo, Milan, Italy
| | - A Mantovani
- Department of Inflammation and Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy; Department of Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - G Wick
- Laboratory of Autoimmunity, Biocenter, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - S Kiechl
- Department of Neurology, Medical University Innsbruck, Austria
| | - J Willeit
- Department of Neurology, Medical University Innsbruck, Austria
| | - B Bottazzi
- Department of Inflammation and Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - A L Catapano
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy; IRCCS Multimedica, Milan, Italy.
| | - G D Norata
- Center for the Study of Atherosclerosis, Bassini Hospital, Cinisello Balsamo, Milan, Italy; Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy; The Blizard Institute, Centre for Diabetes, Barts and The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University, London, UK.
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Norata GD, Biava PM, Di Pierro F. The zebrafish embryo derivative affects cell viability of epidermal cells: a possible role in the treatment of psoriasis. GIORN ITAL DERMAT V 2013; 148:479-483. [PMID: 24005140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In patients affected by psoriasis, use of a topical formula containing a derivative of zebrafish embryos was associated with reduced skin inflammation and dermal turnover, as well as a generally better outcome. In an attempt to understand the molecular mechanisms lying beyond these findings, we investigated the anti-proliferative effects of the zebrafish embryos derivative by addressing the mitochondrial function (MTT assay) and cell nuclei distribution (Hoestch staining). In cell cultures stimulated with fetal calf serum (FCS) or epidermal growth factor (EGF), the zebrafish derivative significantly inhibited cell proliferation induced by either approach, although the effect was stronger in cells stimulated with FCS. These results suggest that the zebrafish embryos derivative may dampen increased cell proliferation; this observation may be relevant to cutaneous pathologies related to altered proliferative mechanisms, including psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- G D Norata
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy -
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48
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Baragetti A, Norata GD, Sarcina C, Rastelli F, Grigore L, Garlaschelli K, Uboldi P, Baragetti I, Pozzi C, Catapano AL. High density lipoprotein cholesterol levels are an independent predictor of the progression of chronic kidney disease. J Intern Med 2013; 274:252-62. [PMID: 23607805 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) often present with reduced plasma HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) levels. Whether this reduction in an epiphenomenon or is involved in disease progression is unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the relation between HDL-C levels/function and CKD progression in patients with different degrees of disease. DESIGN A total of 176 patients with CKD [glomerular filtration rate (GFR) 50.3 ± 29.1 mL min⁻¹] were recruited and followed for up to 84 months. Lipid profile, metabolic status and kidney function were evaluated at predetermined times. Age-matched control subjects were selected from the PLIC study (n = 453). Scavenger receptor class B member 1 (SR-BI) and ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA-1)-dependent efflux of cholesterol were measured in CKD patients and in age-matched control subjects. RESULTS Low HDL-C levels, diabetes and hypertension were associated with reduced GFR. At follow-up, low HDL-C levels were associated with earlier entry in dialysis or doubling of the plasma creatinine level (P = 0.017); HDL-C levels were the only lipid parameter that affected the progression of CKD (hazard ratio 0.951, 95% confidence interval 0.917-0.986, P = 0.007), independently of the presence of diabetes. Only SR-BI-mediated serum cholesterol efflux was significantly reduced in the group of CKD patients with low HDL-C levels compared to the control group. CONCLUSIONS CKD patients with low levels of plasma HDL-C have a poor prognosis. HDL functionality is also impaired in renal dysfunction. These data support the relevance of HDL in influencing CKD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Baragetti
- Center for the Study of Atherosclerosis, Bassini Hospital, Cinisello Balsamo, Milan, Italy
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49
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Codd V, Nelson CP, Albrecht E, Mangino M, Deelen J, Buxton JL, Hottenga JJ, Fischer K, Esko T, Surakka I, Broer L, Nyholt DR, Mateo Leach I, Salo P, Hägg S, Matthews MK, Palmen J, Norata GD, O'Reilly PF, Saleheen D, Amin N, Balmforth AJ, Beekman M, de Boer RA, Böhringer S, Braund PS, Burton PR, de Craen AJM, Denniff M, Dong Y, Douroudis K, Dubinina E, Eriksson JG, Garlaschelli K, Guo D, Hartikainen AL, Henders AK, Houwing-Duistermaat JJ, Kananen L, Karssen LC, Kettunen J, Klopp N, Lagou V, van Leeuwen EM, Madden PA, Mägi R, Magnusson PKE, Männistö S, McCarthy MI, Medland SE, Mihailov E, Montgomery GW, Oostra BA, Palotie A, Peters A, Pollard H, Pouta A, Prokopenko I, Ripatti S, Salomaa V, Suchiman HED, Valdes AM, Verweij N, Viñuela A, Wang X, Wichmann HE, Widen E, Willemsen G, Wright MJ, Xia K, Xiao X, van Veldhuisen DJ, Catapano AL, Tobin MD, Hall AS, Blakemore AIF, van Gilst WH, Zhu H, Erdmann J, Reilly MP, Kathiresan S, Schunkert H, Talmud PJ, Pedersen NL, Perola M, Ouwehand W, Kaprio J, Martin NG, van Duijn CM, Hovatta I, Gieger C, Metspalu A, Boomsma DI, Jarvelin MR, Slagboom PE, Thompson JR, Spector TD, van der Harst P, Samani NJ. Identification of seven loci affecting mean telomere length and their association with disease. Nat Genet 2013. [PMID: 23535734 DOI: 10.1038/ng.2528.427-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Interindividual variation in mean leukocyte telomere length (LTL) is associated with cancer and several age-associated diseases. We report here a genome-wide meta-analysis of 37,684 individuals with replication of selected variants in an additional 10,739 individuals. We identified seven loci, including five new loci, associated with mean LTL (P < 5 × 10(-8)). Five of the loci contain candidate genes (TERC, TERT, NAF1, OBFC1 and RTEL1) that are known to be involved in telomere biology. Lead SNPs at two loci (TERC and TERT) associate with several cancers and other diseases, including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Moreover, a genetic risk score analysis combining lead variants at all 7 loci in 22,233 coronary artery disease cases and 64,762 controls showed an association of the alleles associated with shorter LTL with increased risk of coronary artery disease (21% (95% confidence interval, 5-35%) per standard deviation in LTL, P = 0.014). Our findings support a causal role of telomere-length variation in some age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veryan Codd
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
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50
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Codd V, Nelson CP, Albrecht E, Mangino M, Deelen J, Buxton JL, Jan Hottenga J, Fischer K, Esko T, Surakka I, Broer L, Nyholt DR, Mateo Leach I, Salo P, Hägg S, Matthews MK, Palmen J, Norata GD, O’Reilly PF, Saleheen D, Amin N, Balmforth AJ, Beekman M, de Boer RA, Böhringer S, Braund PS, Burton PR, de Craen AJM, Denniff M, Dong Y, Douroudis K, Dubinina E, Eriksson JG, Garlaschelli K, Guo D, Hartikainen AL, Henders AK, Houwing-Duistermaat JJ, Kananen L, Karssen LC, Kettunen J, Klopp N, Lagou V, van Leeuwen EM, Madden PA, Mägi R, Magnusson PK, Männistö S, McCarthy MI, Medland SE, Mihailov E, Montgomery GW, Oostra BA, Palotie A, Peters A, Pollard H, Pouta A, Prokopenko I, Ripatti S, Salomaa V, Suchiman HED, Valdes AM, Verweij N, Viñuela A, Wang X, Wichmann HE, Widen E, Willemsen G, Wright MJ, Xia K, Xiao X, van Veldhuisen DJ, Catapano AL, Tobin MD, Hall AS, Blakemore AI, van Gilst WH, Zhu H, Erdmann J, Reilly MP, Kathiresan S, Schunkert H, Talmud PJ, Pedersen NL, Perola M, Ouwehand W, Kaprio J, Martin NG, van Duijn CM, Hovatta I, Gieger C, Metspalu A, Boomsma DI, Jarvelin MR, Slagboom PE, Thompson JR, Spector TD, van der Harst P, Samani NJ. Identification of seven loci affecting mean telomere length and their association with disease. Nat Genet 2013; 45:422-7, 427e1-2. [PMID: 23535734 PMCID: PMC4006270 DOI: 10.1038/ng.2528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 688] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Interindividual variation in mean leukocyte telomere length (LTL) is associated with cancer and several age-associated diseases. We report here a genome-wide meta-analysis of 37,684 individuals with replication of selected variants in an additional 10,739 individuals. We identified seven loci, including five new loci, associated with mean LTL (P < 5 × 10(-8)). Five of the loci contain candidate genes (TERC, TERT, NAF1, OBFC1 and RTEL1) that are known to be involved in telomere biology. Lead SNPs at two loci (TERC and TERT) associate with several cancers and other diseases, including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Moreover, a genetic risk score analysis combining lead variants at all 7 loci in 22,233 coronary artery disease cases and 64,762 controls showed an association of the alleles associated with shorter LTL with increased risk of coronary artery disease (21% (95% confidence interval, 5-35%) per standard deviation in LTL, P = 0.014). Our findings support a causal role of telomere-length variation in some age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veryan Codd
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK,NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Christopher P. Nelson
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK,NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Eva Albrecht
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Massimo Mangino
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Joris Deelen
- Section of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands,Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jessica L. Buxton
- Section of Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jouke Jan Hottenga
- Netherlands Twin Register, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Krista Fischer
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Tõnu Esko
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ida Surakka
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland,Public Health Genomics Unit, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Linda Broer
- Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands,Centre for Medical Systems Biology, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Dale R. Nyholt
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Irene Mateo Leach
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Perttu Salo
- Public Health Genomics Unit, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sara Hägg
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mary K. Matthews
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Jutta Palmen
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Univerisity College London, London, UK
| | - Giuseppe D. Norata
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy,Centro SISA per lo Studio dell'Aterosclerosi, Bassini Hospital, Cinisello B, Italy,The Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University, London, UK
| | - Paul F. O’Reilly
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, UK,MRC-HPA Centre for Environment and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Danish Saleheen
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK,Center for Non-Communicable Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Najaf Amin
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anthony J. Balmforth
- Division of Epidemiology, LIGHT, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Marian Beekman
- Section of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands,Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Rudolf A. de Boer
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Böhringer
- Section of Medical Statistics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Peter S. Braund
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Paul R. Burton
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Anton J. M. de Craen
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Matthew Denniff
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Yanbin Dong
- Georgia Prevention Institute, Georgia Health Sciences University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | | | - Elena Dubinina
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Johan G. Eriksson
- Public Health Genomics Unit, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland,University of Helsinki, Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, Helsinki, Finland,Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland,Unit of General Practice, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Katia Garlaschelli
- Centro SISA per lo Studio dell'Aterosclerosi, Bassini Hospital, Cinisello B, Italy
| | - Dehuang Guo
- Georgia Prevention Institute, Georgia Health Sciences University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Anna-Liisa Hartikainen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine/Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | | | - Jeanine J. Houwing-Duistermaat
- Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands,Section of Medical Statistics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Laura Kananen
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Finland,Department of Medical Genetics, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lennart C. Karssen
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Johannes Kettunen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland,Public Health Genomics Unit, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Norman Klopp
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany,Hanover Unified Biobank, Hanover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Vasiliki Lagou
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Pamela A. Madden
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Reedik Mägi
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Patrik K.E. Magnusson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Satu Männistö
- Public Health Genomics Unit, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mark I. McCarthy
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK,Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK,Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | | | - Ben A. Oostra
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Aarno Palotie
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK,Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki and the Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Annette Peters
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany,Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany,Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Helen Pollard
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Anneli Pouta
- Institute of Clinical Medicine/Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland,National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland
| | - Inga Prokopenko
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Samuli Ripatti
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland,Public Health Genomics Unit, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland,Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- Public Health Genomics Unit, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - H. Eka D. Suchiman
- Section of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ana M. Valdes
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Niek Verweij
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ana Viñuela
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Xiaoling Wang
- Georgia Prevention Institute, Georgia Health Sciences University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - H.-Erich Wichmann
- Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany,Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Chair of Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany,KlinikumGrosshadern, Munich, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Widen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Gonneke Willemsen
- Netherlands Twin Register, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Kai Xia
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Xiangjun Xiao
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dirk J. van Veldhuisen
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alberico L. Catapano
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy,IRCCS Multimedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Martin D. Tobin
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Alistair S. Hall
- Division of Epidemiology, LIGHT, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | | | - Wiek H. van Gilst
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Haidong Zhu
- Georgia Prevention Institute, Georgia Health Sciences University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | | | | | - Muredach P. Reilly
- The Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sekar Kathiresan
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Philippa J. Talmud
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Univerisity College London, London, UK
| | - Nancy L. Pedersen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Markus Perola
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia,Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland,Public Health Genomics Unit, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Willem Ouwehand
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK,Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK,National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland,University of Helsinki, Hjelt Institute, Department of Public Health, Helsinki, Finland,Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Cornelia M. van Duijn
- Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands,Centre for Medical Systems Biology, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Iiris Hovatta
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Finland,Department of Medical Genetics, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Finland,Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Christian Gieger
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Dorret I. Boomsma
- Netherlands Twin Register, Department of Biological Psychology, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, UK,MRC-HPA Centre for Environment and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, UK,Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland,Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland,Department of Lifecourse and Services, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland
| | - P. Eline Slagboom
- Section of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands,Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - John R. Thompson
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Tim D. Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Pim van der Harst
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK,Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center, Groningen, The Netherlands,Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nilesh J. Samani
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK,NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
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