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Laurin AC, Martin P. Thinking through critical posthumanism: Nursing as political and affirmative becoming. Nurs Inq 2024; 31:e12606. [PMID: 37794820 DOI: 10.1111/nin.12606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
As a rejection and continuous reframing of theoretical humanism, critical posthumanism questions and imagines the human condition in the current context, aligning it with nonhuman and more than human entities, past and future. While this philosophical approach has been referenced in many academic disciplines since the 1990s, it has been gradually garnering interest among nursing scholars, leading to questions such as what it means to be human and what it means to be a nurse in the here and now. As a deeply ethical and political project, posthumanism, which we associate with poststructuralist concepts of power and resistance, questions the formation of posthuman subjects who more accurately reflect complex times, characterized by capitalistic commodification of life-human and nonhuman. In this article, we aim to explore how the ontological and epistemological underpinnings of critical posthumanism, specifically through Rosi Braidotti's works, can be useful to understand a posthuman subjectivity that favors affirmative actions aimed at actualizing our world in becoming. Through examples in nursing practice, education, and research, we will explore not only how critical posthumanism allows us to frame transformations in the current situation that we are embedded in as nurses and more generally as beings but also how these examples allow us to move beyond critique to the actualization of affirmative actions that correspond to the creation of new worlds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patrick Martin
- Faculty of Nursing, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Quebec, Canada
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2
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González F. On Identity and the Political in Psychoanalysis. Psychoanal Q 2023; 92:567-598. [PMID: 38095863 DOI: 10.1080/00332828.2023.2286979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Weaving subjective musings with theoretical speculation, this paper explores various themes on the question of identity. I consider identity as identification with a social location, where that social location is a function of groups. As such, identity is inherently contingent, a relational affair, a soft assembly. Though not a particularly psychoanalytic concept, identity is currently being tasked with considerable work in psychoanalysis: functioning as a hinge between the dual registers of the personal and social unconscious. Like any symptom, the term identity both obscures and indexes, signaling the urgent need for a radical revision of theory. The more we use the contingency of identity-how we find ourselves identified (by others as much as by ourselves) in this place and time, whatever this might be-rather than its fixity, thought to transcend place and time, the more that the concept of identity can be used in a specifically psychoanalytic way to help us explore the terrain of the political, which I distinguish from the terrain of politics proper. These ideas are employed to consider the current moment in psychoanalytic organizational life, which takes place under the sign of a fundamental paradigm shift (that is to say: catastrophic change).
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Mohamed S, Abbashar A, Abushama H. Women's career motivation: social barriers and enablers in Sudan. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1153613. [PMID: 37720639 PMCID: PMC10501794 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1153613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study presents an original contribution by examining an often-neglected country in the Middle East and Northeast Africa (MENA), with a specific focus on women's career research. It identifies challenges that have created barriers for Sudanese women's career progression, consequently limiting their opportunities for career and leadership growth. To conceptualize understand women's career motivations on a global and regional scale, the study conducted an in-depth review and analysis of literature, benchmarked similar countries, and incorporated psychological and organizational behavior theories, alongside examples of women's empowerment cases from the MENA region. Methods The study employs a multifaceted approach that involves exploring psychological and organizational theories, drawing insights from self-efficacy, stereotype, and implicit bias theories, as well as MENA empowerment cases. Additionally, an empirical investigation is conducted through an extensive three-round Delphi study involving 75 Sudanese women leaders from diverse sectors. The empirical findings are crucial for understanding obstacles faced by women and the impact of Sudan's unique social context on their career paths. Results The research findings shed light on the complex interplay of factors creating roadblocks for Sudanese women's career advancement. Sudan's distinctive social context significantly shapes and influences women's career motivations in diverse and interconnected ways. Empirical evidence from the Delphi study underscores the broad impact of these roadblocks, highlighting the multiplicity of challenges faced by women in Sudan. This comprehensive analysis not only aids in comprehending workplace obstacles but also provides valuable insights into the diverse experiences and needs of female employees. The findings emphasize the broad impact of these barriers on women, underscoring their varied challenges. Discussion The research holds far-reaching implications. By contextually identifying barriers that impede Sudanese women's career motivations, the study lays a foundation for targeted solutions. This understanding is grounded in historical, theoretical, and policy-making perspectives, enabling informed strategies to support women's advancement. The study also offers actionable policy recommendations for governments, workplaces, and stakeholders, facilitating women's career growth through policy reforms and capacity-building initiatives. Furthermore, its significance extends beyond Sudan, acting as a catalyst for developing gender-responsive policies in similar MENA countries and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souad Mohamed
- Middle East Centre, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, United Kingdom
| | - Aida Abbashar
- Middle East Centre, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hala Abushama
- The Gender Studies Institute, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
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Carlisle JE, Maloney TN. The evolution of economic and political inequality: minding the gap. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2023; 378:20220290. [PMID: 37381862 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The extent of economic and political inequality, their change over time, and the forces shaping them have profound implications for the sustainability of a society and the well-being of its members. Here we review the evolution of economic and political inequality broadly, though with particular attention to Europe and the USA. We describe legal/institutional, technological and social forces that have shaped this evolution. We highlight the cumulative effects of inequality across generations as channelled through wealth and inheritance but also through other intergenerational connections. We also review the state of research on the effects of inequality on economic growth, health and societal cohesion. This article is part of the theme issue 'Evolutionary ecology of inequality'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliet E Carlisle
- Department of Political Science, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Thomas N Maloney
- Department of Economics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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DAWES DANIEL, GONZALEZ JUAN. The Politics of Population Health. Milbank Q 2023; 101:224-241. [PMID: 37096618 PMCID: PMC10126954 DOI: 10.1111/1468-0009.12603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Policy Points Despite increased spending and consuming more health care services than any other country in the world, the United States global health rankings experience continued decline, including worsening performance in life expectancy and mortality owing to lack of investment in and strategies on the upstream determinants of health. These determinants of health are found in our access to adequate, affordable, and nutritious food options; safe housing, blue and green spaces; reliable and safe transportation; education and literacy; opportunities for economic stability; and sanitation, among other important factors and all share a common root driver in the political determinants of health. Health systems are increasingly investing in programs and exerting influence over policies to address these upstream determinants of health, including population health management, however these programs will continue to be hindered without addressing the political determinants through government, voting, and policy. Although these investments are laudable, it is important to understand what gives rise to the social determinants of health and-more importantly-why have they disproportionately and detrimentally affected historically marginalized communities and vulnerable populations for so long? Deeply entrenched and pervasive throughout society, the political determinants of health are the fundamental instigators of these unjust and inequitable outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- DANIEL DAWES
- Meharry Medical College Ringgold Standard InstitutionInstitute of Global Health Equity
| | - JUAN GONZALEZ
- Meharry Medical College Ringgold Standard InstitutionInstitute of Global Health Equity
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Turvy A. State-Level COVID-19 Symptom Searches and Case Data: Quantitative Analysis of Political Affiliation as a Predictor for Lag Time Using Google Trends and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Data. JMIR Form Res 2022; 6:e40825. [PMID: 36446048 PMCID: PMC9822176 DOI: 10.2196/40825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Across each state, the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States was marked by policies and rhetoric that often corresponded to the political party in power. These diverging responses have sparked broad ongoing discussion about how the political leadership of a state may affect not only the COVID-19 case numbers in a given state but also the subjective individual experience of the pandemic. OBJECTIVE This study leverages state-level data from Google Search Trends and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) daily case data to investigate the temporal relationship between increases in relative search volume for COVID-19 symptoms and corresponding increases in case data. I aimed to identify whether there are state-level differences in patterns of lag time across each of the 4 spikes in the data (RQ1) and whether the political climate in a given state is associated with these differences (RQ2). METHODS Using publicly available data from Google Trends and the CDC, linear mixed modeling was utilized to account for random state-level intercepts. Lag time was operationalized as number of days between a peak (a sustained increase before a sustained decline) in symptom search data and a corresponding spike in case data and was calculated manually for each of the 4 spikes in individual states. Google offers a data set that tracks the relative search incidence of more than 400 potential COVID-19 symptoms, which is normalized on a 0-100 scale. I used the CDC's definition of the 11 most common COVID-19 symptoms and created a single construct variable that operationalizes symptom searches. To measure political climate, I considered the proportion of 2020 Trump popular votes in a state as well as a dummy variable for the political party that controls the governorship and a continuous variable measuring proportional party control of federal Congressional representatives. RESULTS The strongest overall fit was for a linear mixed model that included proportion of 2020 Trump votes as the predictive variable of interest and included controls for mean daily cases and deaths as well as population. Additional political climate variables were discarded for lack of model fit. Findings indicated evidence that there are statistically significant differences in lag time by state but that no individual variable measuring political climate was a statistically significant predictor of these differences. CONCLUSIONS Given that there will likely be future pandemics within this political climate, it is important to understand how political leadership affects perceptions of and corresponding responses to public health crises. Although this study did not fully model this relationship, I believe that future research can build on the state-level differences that I identified by approaching the analysis with a different theoretical model, method for calculating lag time, or level of geographic modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Turvy
- City, Culture, and Community, Department of Sociology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
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7
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Abstract
The spread of the COVID-19 pandemic has allowed mechanisms of power and authority
to enter new urban realms – especially the very relationships lived between
friends and lovers in bedrooms and parks. All of a sudden, everyone has a right
to know who we are close to, when and how, all for the sake of public health and
safety, to ensure the further functioning of our established public health
system. The new policies transform Western ideas of public and private spheres:
our bedrooms have turned into the space of self-representation and workplaces at
the same time. On the other hand, what had been known as public space before has
turned into the space to be private in: a walk through the city alone or with an
intimate person. Yet all of these tendencies come with increased surveillance,
not only by our peers, but also through technologies such as tracing apps. The
very possibility of privacy and ‘active’ publicity is being questioned, and,
through this, the realm of the political. This paper traces the observed shifts
in the nature of the private and public spheres through examples in German
cities, tracing power via embodied experiences. Those traces are reorganised
into three argumentative strands: re/constructing privacies, public space as
non-place and the proliferation of the data body. Based on these observations
the paper searches for emancipatory perspectives within the shifted spheres of
urban social life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miko Hucko
- Miko Hucko, DMI Game Design, HAW Hamburg,
Finkenau 35, Hamburg 22081, Germany.
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McBride O, Butter S, Hartman TK, Murphy J, Hyland P, Shevlin M, Gibson-Miller J, Levita L, Mason L, Martinez AP, McKay R, Lloyd A, Stocks TVA, Bennett KM, Vallières F, Karatzias T, Valiente C, Vazquez C, Contreras A, Bertamini M, Panzeri A, Bruno G, Bentall RP. Sharing data to better understand one of the world's most significant shared experiences: data resource profile of the longitudinal COVID-19 psychological research consortium (C19PRC) study. Int J Popul Data Sci 2022; 5:1704. [PMID: 35310464 PMCID: PMC8900652 DOI: 10.23889/ijpds.v5i4.1704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper serves to alert IJPDS readers to the availability of a major new longitudinal survey data resource, the COVID-19 Psychological Research Consortium (C19PRC) Study, which is being released for secondary use via the Open Science Framework. The C19PRC Study is a rich and detailed dataset that provides a convenient and valuable foundation from which to study the social, political, and health status of European adults during an unprecedented time of change as a direct result of the COVID-19 pandemic and Brexit. Here, we provide an overview of the C19PRC Study design, with the purpose of stimulating interest about the study among social scientists and maximising use of this resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orla McBride
- School of Psychology, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, BT52 1SA
| | - Sarah Butter
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, England, S10 2TN
| | - Todd K. Hartman
- Department of Social Statistics, University of Manchester, Manchester, England, M13 9PL
| | - Jamie Murphy
- School of Psychology, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, BT52 1SA
| | - Philip Hyland
- Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, Kildare, Ireland, W23 F2K8
| | - Mark Shevlin
- School of Psychology, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, BT52 1SA
| | - Jilly Gibson-Miller
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, England, S10 2TN
| | - Liat Levita
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, England, S10 2TN
| | - Liam Mason
- Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London, England, WC1E 6BT
| | - Anton P. Martinez
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, England, S10 2TN
| | - Ryan McKay
- Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway, University of London, London, England, TW20 0EX
| | - Alex Lloyd
- Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway, University of London, London, England, TW20 0EX
| | - Thomas VA Stocks
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, England, S10 2TN
| | - Kate M Bennett
- Department of Psychology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, England, L69 3BX
| | | | - Thanos Karatzias
- School of Health and Social Care, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH11 4BN
| | - Carmen Valiente
- Department of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmelo Vazquez
- Department of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alba Contreras
- Department of Psychology Université Catholique de Louvain, 1348 Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Marco Bertamini
- Department of Psychology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, England, L69 3BX
- Department of Psychology, University of Padua, 35122 Padova, Italy
| | - Anna Panzeri
- School of Psychology, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, BT52 1SA
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, England, S10 2TN
| | - Giovanni Bruno
- Department of Psychology, University of Padua, 35122 Padova, Italy
| | - Richard P. Bentall
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, England, S10 2TN
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Pair E, Vicas N, Weber AM, Meausoone V, Zou J, Njuguna A, Darmstadt GL. Quantification of Gender Bias and Sentiment Toward Political Leaders Over 20 Years of Kenyan News Using Natural Language Processing. Front Psychol 2021; 12:712646. [PMID: 34955949 PMCID: PMC8703202 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.712646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Despite a 2010 Kenyan constitutional amendment limiting members of elected public bodies to < two-thirds of the same gender, only 22 percent of the 12th Parliament members inaugurated in 2017 were women. Investigating gender bias in the media is a useful tool for understanding socio-cultural barriers to implementing legislation for gender equality. Natural language processing (NLP) methods, such as word embedding and sentiment analysis, can efficiently quantify media biases at a scope previously unavailable in the social sciences. Methods: We trained GloVe and word2vec word embeddings on text from 1998 to 2019 from Kenya’s Daily Nation newspaper. We measured gender bias in these embeddings and used sentiment analysis to predict quantitative sentiment scores for sentences surrounding female leader names compared to male leader names. Results: Bias in leadership words for men and women measured from Daily Nation word embeddings corresponded to temporal trends in men and women’s participation in political leadership (i.e., parliamentary seats) using GloVe (correlation 0.8936, p = 0.0067, r2 = 0.799) and word2vec (correlation 0.844, p = 0.0169, r2 = 0.712) algorithms. Women continue to be associated with domestic terms while men continue to be associated with influence terms, for both regular gender words and female and male political leaders’ names. Male words (e.g., he, him, man) were mentioned 1.84 million more times than female words from 1998 to 2019. Sentiment analysis showed an increase in relative negative sentiment associated with female leaders (p = 0.0152) and an increase in positive sentiment associated with male leaders over time (p = 0.0216). Conclusion: Natural language processing is a powerful method for gaining insights into and quantifying trends in gender biases and sentiment in news media. We found evidence of improvement in gender equality but also a backlash from increased female representation in high-level governmental leadership.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Pair
- Department of Pediatrics, Global Center for Gender Equality, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Nikitha Vicas
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas - Dallas, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Ann M Weber
- School of Public Health, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, United States
| | - Valerie Meausoone
- Research Computing Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - James Zou
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Amos Njuguna
- School of Graduate Studies, Research and Extension, United States International University - Africa, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Gary L Darmstadt
- Department of Pediatrics, Global Center for Gender Equality, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
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Abstract
Recent trends in U.S. health have been mixed, with improvements among some groups and geographic areas alongside declines among others. Medical sociologists have contributed to the understanding of those disparate trends, although important questions remain. In this article, we review trends since the 1980s in key indicators of U.S. health and weigh evidence from the last decade on their causes. To better understand contemporary trends in health, we propose that commonly used conceptual frameworks, such as social determinants of health, should be strengthened by prominently incorporating commercial, political-economic, and legal determinants. We illustrate how these structural determinants can provide new insights into health trends, using disparate health trajectories across U.S. states as an example. We conclude with suggestions for future research: focusing on structural causes of health trends and inequalities, expanding interdisciplinary perspectives, and integrating methods better equipped to handle the complexity of causal processes driving health trends and inequalities.
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Im H, Ahn C, Wang P, Chen C. An Early Examination: Psychological, Health, and Economic Correlates and Determinants of Social Distancing Amidst COVID-19. Front Psychol 2021; 12:589579. [PMID: 34456776 PMCID: PMC8385125 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.589579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Federal and local government agencies were quick to issue orders for residents to shelter-in-place in response to the COVID-19 outbreak. This study utilized data collected from Unacast Inc., spanning observations of 3,142 counties across 50 states and the District of Columbia (N = 230,846) from March 8, 2020 to April 13, 2020 (n = 104,930) and from April 14, 2020 to May 24, 2020 (n = 131,912) in a 3-level multilevel model to examine the correlates of social distancing behavior, as measured by the relative reduction in (1) distance traveled and (2) non-essential visitations since baseline pre-COVID-19 times. Results showed that educational attainment and political partisanship were the most consistent correlates of social distancing. State-level indicators of culture appeared to have differentiated effects depending on whether the model outcomes were reduction in general mobility or to non-essential venues. State-level neuroticism was generally positively related to social distancing, but states marked by high neuroticism were slower to engage in such behaviors. Counties and states characterized as already engaging in preventive health measures (e.g., vaccination rates, preparedness for at-risk populations) enjoyed quicker engagement in social distancing. Specific implications of findings and future directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hohjin Im
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Christopher Ahn
- Department of Psychology, New York University, New York City, NY, United States
| | - Peiyi Wang
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Chuansheng Chen
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
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Kimhi S, Eshel Y, Marciano H, Adini B. Fluctuations in National Resilience during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:3876. [PMID: 33917101 PMCID: PMC8067873 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18083876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The current study measured national resilience (NR) in three different time frames during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in Israel (N = 804). We investigated two main issues: first, the direction and extent of NR changes during the crisis, and second, the predictors of NR. The results show the following: (a) the average NR score declined significantly across the three repeated measures, with a medium-size effect. (b) Three of the four identified NR factors declined significantly across the three measurements: belief in the government and the prime minister (large effect size); belief in civil society; and patriotism (medium effect size); while trust in Israeli national institutions was the lowest and did not weaken significantly. (c) Analyzing the prediction of NR factors indicated that the levels of the three NR factors mainly reflected one's political attitudes, sense of political and economic threats, rather than health threats. One conclusion concerns the importance of trust in leadership as the most sensitive component in the decline of national resilience following a crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaul Kimhi
- Stress and Resilience Research Center, Tel-Hai College, Northern Galilee 122800, Israel; (Y.E.); (H.M.)
| | - Yohanan Eshel
- Stress and Resilience Research Center, Tel-Hai College, Northern Galilee 122800, Israel; (Y.E.); (H.M.)
- Department of Psychology, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel
| | - Hadas Marciano
- Stress and Resilience Research Center, Tel-Hai College, Northern Galilee 122800, Israel; (Y.E.); (H.M.)
- Ergonomics and Human Factors Unit, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel
| | - Bruria Adini
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Management, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6139001, Israel;
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Hafezi-Nejad N, Bailey CR, Solomon AJ, Abou Areda M, Carrino JA, Khan M, Weiss CR. Vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty in the USA from 2004 to 2017: national inpatient trends, regional variations, associated diagnoses, and outcomes. J Neurointerv Surg 2020; 13:483-491. [PMID: 33334904 DOI: 10.1136/neurintsurg-2020-016733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To explore the national inpatient trends, regional variations, associated diagnoses, and outcomes of vertebral augmentation (vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty) in the USA from 2004 to 2017. METHODS Data from the National Inpatient Sample were used to study hospitalization records for percutaneous vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty. Longitudinal projections of trends and outcomes, including mortality, post-procedural complications, length of stay, disposition, and total hospital charges were analyzed. RESULTS Following a period of decreased utilization from 2008 to 2012, hospitalizations for vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty plateaued after 2013. Total hospital charges and overall financial burden of hospitalizations for vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty increased to a peak of $1.9 billion (range $1.7-$2.2 billion) in 2017. Overall, 8% of procedures were performed in patients with a history of malignancy. In multivariable modeling, lung cancer (adjusted OR (aOR) 2.6 (range 1.4-5.1)) and prostate cancer (aOR 3.4 (range 1.2-9.4)) were associated with a higher risk of mortality. The New England region had the lowest frequency of routine disposition (14.1±1.1%) and the lowest average hospital charges ($47 885±$1351). In contrast, 34.0±0.8% had routine disposition in the West Central South region, and average hospital charges were as high as $99 836±$2259 in the Pacific region. The Mountain region had the lowest number of procedures (5365±272) and the highest mortality rate (1.2±0.3%). CONCLUSION National inpatient trends of vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty utilization remained stable after a period of decline from 2008 to 2012, while the financial burden of hospitalizations increased. Despite recent improvements in outcomes, significant regional variations persisted across the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima Hafezi-Nejad
- Radiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Alex J Solomon
- Radiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - John A Carrino
- Radiology and Imaging, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Majid Khan
- Radiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Clifford R Weiss
- Radiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Nguyen TH, Hirsch JA, Chen MM, Golding L, Leslie-Mazwi TM, Nicola GN, Schirmer CM, Milburn JM. The impending conversion factor crisis and neurointerventional practice. J Neurointerv Surg 2020; 13:301-303. [PMID: 33257412 DOI: 10.1136/neurintsurg-2020-017005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Theresa H Nguyen
- Department of Radiology, Ochsner Medical System, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Joshua A Hirsch
- Department of NeuroInterventional Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Melissa M Chen
- Department of Neuroradiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Lauren Golding
- Triad Radiology Associates PLLC, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Thabele M Leslie-Mazwi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Greg N Nicola
- Hackensack Radiology Group, Hackensack, New Jersey, USA
| | - Clemens M Schirmer
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neuroscience Institute, Geisinger, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, USA.,Research Institute of Neurointervention, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - James M Milburn
- Department of Radiology, Ochsner Medical System, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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Tiraphat S, Buntup D, Munisamy M, Nguyen TH, Yuasa M, Nyein Aung M, Hpone Myint A. Age-Friendly Environments in ASEAN Plus Three: Case Studies from Japan, Malaysia, Myanmar, Vietnam, and Thailand. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:E4523. [PMID: 32586034 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17124523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Promoting age-friendly environment is one of the appropriate approaches to support quality of life toward ageing populations. However, the information regarding age-friendly environments in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Plus Three countries is still limited. This study aimed to survey the perceived age-friendly environments among ASEAN Plus Three older populations. This study employed cross-sectional quantitative research using multistage cluster sampling to select a sample of older adults in the capital cities of Japan, Malaysia, Myanmar, Vietnam and Thailand. The final sample was composed of 2171 older adults aged 55 years and over, including 140 Japanese, 510 Thai, 537 Malaysian, 487 Myanmarese, and 497 Vietnamese older adults. Data collection was conducted using a quantitative questionnaire with 20 items of perceived age-friendly environments with the rating scale based on the World Health Organization (WHO) standard. The score from the 20 items were analyzed and examined high-risk groups of "bad perception level" age-friendly environments using ordinal logistic regression. The research indicated the five highest inadequacies of age-friendly environments including: (1) participating in an emergency-response training session or drill which addressed the needs of older residents; (2) enrolling in any form of education or training, either formal or non-formal in any subject; (3) having opportunities for paid employment; (4) involvement in decision making about important political, economic and social issues in the community; and (5) having personal care or assistance needs met in the older adult's home setting by government/private care services. Information regarding the inadequacy of age-friendliness by region was evidenced to guide policy makers in providing the right interventions towards older adults' needs.
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Fiehler J, Brouwer P, Díaz C, Hirsch JA, Kulcsar Z, Liebeskind D, Linfante I, Lylyk P, Mack WJ, Milburn J, Nogueira R, Orbach DB, Pumar JMM, Tanaka M, Taylor A. COVID-19 and neurointerventional service worldwide: a survey of the European Society of Minimally Invasive Neurological Therapy (ESMINT), the Society of NeuroInterventional Surgery (SNIS), the Sociedad Iberolatinoamericana de Neuroradiologia Diagnostica y Terapeutica (SILAN), the Society of Vascular and Interventional Neurology (SVIN), and the World Federation of Interventional and Therapeutic Neuroradiology (WFITN). J Neurointerv Surg 2020; 12:726-730. [PMID: 32546635 PMCID: PMC7316120 DOI: 10.1136/neurintsurg-2020-016349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This survey was focused on the provision of neurointerventional services, the current practices of managing patients under COVID-19 conditions, and the expectations for the future. METHODS Invitations for this survey were sent out as a collaborative effort of the European Society of Minimally Invasive Neurological Therapy (ESMINT), the Society of NeuroInterventional Surgery (SNIS), the Sociedad Iberolatinoamericana de Neuroradiologia Diagnostica y Terapeutica (SILAN), the Society of Vascular and Interventional Neurology (SVIN), and the World Federation of Interventional and Therapeutic Neuroradiology (WFITN). RESULTS Overall, 475 participants from 61 countries responded (six from Africa (1%), 81 from Asia (17%), 156 from Europe (33%), 53 from Latin America (11%), and 172 from North America (11%)). The majority of participants (96%) reported being able to provide emergency services, though 26% of these reported limited resources. A decrease in emergency procedures was reported by 69% of participants (52% in ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, 11% ischemic, and 6% hemorrhagic stroke alone). Only 4% reported an increase in emergency cases. The emerging need for social distancing and the rapid adoption of remote communication was reflected in the interest in establishing case discussion forums (43%), general online forums (37%), and access to angio video streaming for live mentoring and support (33%). CONCLUSION Neurointerventional emergency services are available in almost all centers, while the number of emergency patients is markedly decreased. Half of the participants have abandoned neurointerventions in non-emergent situations. There are considerable variations in the management of neurointerventions and in the expectations for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Fiehler
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Brouwer
- Neuroradiology, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, Stockholm, Stockholmslän, Sweden
| | - Carlos Díaz
- Radiology, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Antioquia, Colombia
| | - Joshua A Hirsch
- NeuroEndovascular Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zsolt Kulcsar
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Italo Linfante
- Baptist Cardiac and Vascular Institute, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Pedro Lylyk
- Interventional Neuroradiology, Clinical Institute ENERI, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - William J Mack
- Neurosurgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - James Milburn
- Radiology, Ochsner Medical System, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Raul Nogueira
- Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Darren B Orbach
- Neurointerventional Rdiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | - Allan Taylor
- Neurosurgery, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, W Cape, South Africa
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17
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Bohman A, Hjerm M, Eger MA. Politics and Prejudice: How Political Discussion With Peers Is Related to Attitudes About Immigrants During Adolescence. Front Sociol 2019; 4:70. [PMID: 33869392 PMCID: PMC8022588 DOI: 10.3389/fsoc.2019.00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Research on prejudice has shown that with whom we surround ourselves matters for intergroup attitudes, but these studies have paid little attention to the content of those interactions. Studies on political socialization and deliberation have focused on the content of interaction by examining the transmission of norms as well as the direct consequences of political discussion on attitudes and behavior. However, this literature has not focused on prejudice as a potential consequence. In this study, we combine these approaches to examine if political discussions with peers during adolescence matter for prejudice. We rely on five waves of a Swedish panel of adolescents, ages 13-22. Results show an association between political discussion and prejudice over time, and that this relationship increases as adolescents grow older. Results also demonstrate that the effect of political discussions depends on the level of prejudice in one's peer network. Discussion with low prejudice friends is associated with lower levels of prejudice over time, while political discussion with high prejudice peers is not significantly related to attitudes.
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Bailey S, Pierides D, Brisley A, Weisshaar C, Blakeman T. Financialising acute kidney injury: from the practices of care to the numbers of improvement. Sociol Health Illn 2019; 41:882-899. [PMID: 30756403 PMCID: PMC7027896 DOI: 10.1111/1467-9566.12868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Although sociological studies of quality and safety have identified competing epistemologies in the attempt to measure and improve care, there are gaps in our understanding of how finance and accounting practices are being used to organise this field. This analysis draws on what others have elsewhere called 'financialisation' in order to explore the quantification of qualitatively complex care practices. We make our argument using ethnographic data of a quality improvement programme for acute kidney injury (AKI) in a publicly funded hospital in England. Our study is thus concerned with tracing the effects of financialisation in the emergence and assembly of AKI as an object of concern within the hospital. We describe three linked mechanisms through which this occurs: (1) representing and intervening in kidney care; (2) making caring practices count and (3) decision-making using kidney numbers. Together these stages transform care practices first into risks and then from risks into costs. We argue that this calculative process reinforces a separation between practice and organisational decision-making made on the basis of numbers. This elevates the status of numbers while diminishing the work of practitioners and managers. We conclude by signalling possible future avenues of research that can take up these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Bailey
- Centre for Health Services StudiesUniversity of KentKentUK
| | | | | | - Clara Weisshaar
- Manchester Business School, University of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Thomas Blakeman
- Centre for Primary CareInstitute of Population HealthManchesterUK
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Walsh K, Bhagavatheeswaran L, Roma E. E-learning in healthcare professional education: an analysis of political, economic, social, technological, legal and environmental (PESTLE) factors. MedEdPublish (2016) 2019; 8:97. [PMID: 38089254 PMCID: PMC10712588 DOI: 10.15694/mep.2019.000097.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. Healthcare professional education is a vitally important part of the healthcare system. E-learning as a means of delivering this education has grown in significance over the years. Research evidence shows that e-learning can help healthcare professionals learn new knowledge and skills. E-learning is fundamentally about education, but it is also a social phenomenon and part of a wider technological revolution. The provision of e-learning for healthcare professional development can be influenced by a number of different factors. These include political, economic, social, technological, legal and environmental factors (PESTLE). All these phenomena influence e-learning in healthcare professional education - their degree of influence often depends on the exact context that is being discussed. A PESTLE analysis uses a framework of these macro-environmental factors that can be used in the strategic analysis of a specific domain. This paper describes an analysis of political, economic, social, technological, legal and environmental factors that can influence e-learning in healthcare professional education.
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Kypri K, McCambridge J, Robertson N, Martino F, Daube M, Adams P, Miller P. 'If someone donates $1000, they support you. If they donate $100 000, they have bought you'. Mixed methods study of tobacco, alcohol and gambling industry donations to Australian political parties. Drug Alcohol Rev 2019; 38:226-233. [PMID: 30474155 DOI: 10.1111/dar.12878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Business corporations' use of political donations to garner political influence is especially troubling in relation to products that damage human health. We sought to investigate patterns of donations to Australian political parties from tobacco, alcohol and gambling industry actors and the experiences of key informants. DESIGN AND METHODS We analysed public data on federal and state donations for 10 years to June 2015. We conducted 28 semi-structured interviews with current and former politicians, ex-political staffers and other key informants, concerning the role played by political donations of tobacco, alcohol and gambling companies in Australian politics. We examined temporal associations in donations data, and thematically analysed interviews. RESULTS Australian political parties declared donations of A$14 million (US$11 M) from tobacco ($1.9 M), alcohol ($7.7 M), gambling ($2.9 M) and supermarket ($1.7 M) entities, excluding donations below the $12 800 reporting threshold. Donations to the governing party increased substantially during debates about an alcohol tax and gambling law reform. Alcohol industry donations to major parties spiked ahead of elections. Interviewees identified the function of donations in terms of: (i) buying immediate influence; (ii) building long-term relationships; (iii) exploiting a flawed political system; and (iv) the need to look beyond donations, for example, to favour exchange; and the public's right to know about corporate influence on policy-makers. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS The alcohol and gambling industries make substantial donations to influence particular decisions in the short term and build relationships over the long term. Banning corporate donations and publicly funding political parties warrant consideration to safeguard the integrity of public policy-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kypros Kypri
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Mike Daube
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Peter Adams
- School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Peter Miller
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
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Abstract
As I was thinking about a topic for this editorial, news and social media outlets exploded with the announcement that employees at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) had been instructed to not use any of seven words or phrases in budget documents (diversity, transgender, fetus, unborn child, vulnerable, evidence-
based, and science-based). To say that this hit a nerve is an understatement. My Twitter feed and email inbox filled with messages of outrage and concern, and I must admit I was swept up in the outpouring of anger. A call went out for editors of nursing journals to write editorials about this, and I was ready to do just that.
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Himberg-Sundet A, Kristiansen AL, Bjelland M, Moser T, Holthe A, Andersen LF, Lien N. Is the environment in kindergarten associated with the vegetables served and eaten? The BRA Study. Scand J Public Health 2018; 47:538-547. [PMID: 29431028 PMCID: PMC6651610 DOI: 10.1177/1403494818756702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Aim: The aim of the present study was to explore the associations between the economic, political, sociocultural and physical environments in kindergartens, along with the frequency and variety of vegetables served, and the amount of vegetables eaten. Method: The BRA Study collected data through two paper-based questionnaires answered by the kindergarten leader and pedagogical leader of each selected kindergarten, and a five-day vegetable diary from kindergartens (n = 73) in Vestfold and Buskerud Counties, Norway. The questionnaires assessed environmental factors, and the frequency and variety of vegetables served. The non-parametric Mann–Whitney U and Kruskal–Wallis tests were used to explore the associations between factors in the kindergarten environments and vegetables served and eaten. Results: Kindergartens that included expenditures for food and beverages in the parental fees served a larger variety of vegetables (p = 0.046). A higher frequency of served vegetables (p = 0.014) and a larger amount (p = 0.027) of vegetables eaten were found in kindergartens where parents paid a monthly fee of 251 NOK or more. Similarly, the amount of vegetables eaten was higher (p = 0.017) in kindergartens where the employees paid a monthly fee to eat at work. Furthermore, a larger amount (p = 0.046) of vegetables was eaten in kindergartens that had written guidelines for food and beverages that were offered. Conclusions: This study indicates that the economic environment in a kindergarten seems to be positively associated with the vegetables served and eaten there. This is of high relevance for public health policy as vegetable consumption is an important factor in reducing the risk of non-communicable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Himberg-Sundet
- 1 Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Mona Bjelland
- 1 Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thomas Moser
- 2 Department of Educational Science, Faculty of Humanities, Sports and Educational Science, University College of Southeast Norway, Horten, Norway
| | - Asle Holthe
- 3 Faculty of Education, Western Norway University of Applied Science, Bergen, Norway
| | - Lene F Andersen
- 1 Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nanna Lien
- 1 Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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23
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Albuquerque FC. Varied terrain. J Neurointerv Surg 2017; 9:1031-1032. [PMID: 29030461 DOI: 10.1136/neurintsurg-2017-013519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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24
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Bakoyiannis I, Cherdyntseva V, Aivalioti M, Barton M, Coda D, Douka I, Evangelou A, Evangelou C, Ioannou P, Kanta V, Kapanidis K, Karagiannidis I, Kokkinidis D, Kouni S, Lehnen J, Patsalos A, Pei J, Petropoulou PI, Rodemer W, Scerbo D, Stefa A, Tsvetkov E, Vasilikos L, Vasilopoulos T, Vukojicic A, Zafeiropoulou E. Great need for changes in higher education in Greece. Clin Chem Lab Med 2017; 55:e238-e239. [PMID: 28426430 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2017-0188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Abstract
In the United Kingdom, between 1960 and the 2000s, there were many sociodemographic and economic factors that played a part in the changing picture of alcohol consumption and its related harm. This paper describes some of these variables along with the political measures that were identified as correlated with changes in consumption and harm. The resulting picture is unclear. No consistent pattern was identified among the variables analyzed. Beverage choice changed over time with a reduction in beer consumption and an increase in wines and spirits. Nevertheless, the overall picture showed an increase in total alcohol consumption and resulting harm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moira Plant
- 1University of the West of England , Bristol , UK
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26
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Abstract
The potential applications of narrative within medical practice are attracting increased interest. In particular, personal narratives afford rich insights into how encounters with cancer and the associated provision of care are experienced, understood and represented. Such first-person accounts are practically useful in indicating improvements to cancer care and politically significant in providing a means to enable the patient voice and legitimising experiential knowledge alongside a biomedical paradigm. However, personal narratives are necessarily and always constructed in particular social and political contexts and through existing 'meta-narratives' relating to cancer, health, illness and a flourishing life. The present paper first examines work on personal cancer narratives to critically review the opportunities for narrative within cancer care. We then reflect on the crucial role of meta-narratives of cancer as framings within which personal narratives can be both enabled and constrained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Atkinson
- Centre for Medical Humanities, Durham University, DH1 3LE, UK, Tel: +44 191 334 1871, Fax: +44 191 334 1801,
| | - Sara Rubinelli
- Department of Health Sciences and Health Policy, University of Lucerne and Swiss Paraplegic Research, 6207 Nottwil, Switzerland
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27
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Coronel JC, Federmeier KD, Gonsalves BD. Event-related potential evidence suggesting voters remember political events that never happened. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2012. [PMID: 23202775 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nss143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Voters tend to misattribute issue positions to political candidates that are consistent with their partisan affiliation, even though these candidates have never explicitly stated or endorsed such stances. The prevailing explanation in political science is that voters misattribute candidates' issue positions because they use their political knowledge to make educated but incorrect guesses. We suggest that voter errors can also stem from a different source: false memories. The current study examined event-related potential (ERP) responses to misattributed and accurately remembered candidate issue information. We report here that ERP responses to misattributed information can elicit memory signals similar to that of correctly remembered old information--a pattern consistent with a false memory rather than educated guessing interpretation of these misattributions. These results suggest that some types of voter misinformation about candidates may be harder to correct than previously thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason C Coronel
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, 405 North Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
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Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the efficacy of n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate (Trufill n-BCA) versus ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer (ONYX) for the embolization of cranial dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVF). METHODS Fifty-three consecutive patients with cranial dural AVF were treated with liquid embolic agents from November, 2003 to November, 2008. These 53 patients had 56 lesions treated with arterial embolization. Patients embolized to completion underwent follow-up angiography at 3 months to assess for durable occlusion. RESULTS Twenty-one lesions were treated with n-BCA. Seven patients treated with n-BCA had initial angiographic occlusion of their DAVF, which were durable at 3 months. Six patients had adjunctive treatment with coils and/or polyvinyl alcohol particles, but none of these were occluded by endovascular treatment alone. Eleven patients underwent post-embolization surgery for closure of their DAVF. There was one death related to intractable status epilepticus at presentation. One patient developed a major stroke from venous sinus thrombosis after embolization. Thirty-five lesions were treated with ONYX in 34 patients. Twenty-nine patients treated with ONYX had initial angiographic occlusion of their DAVF by embolization alone. One patient had recurrence at 3 months and was re-treated out of 27 total follow-ups. Four patients underwent post-embolization surgical obliteration of their lesions. No deaths or major strokes occurred in this cohort. CONCLUSION Initial angiographic occlusion (p=0.0004) and durable angiographic occlusion (p=0.0018) rates for embolization of cranial DAVF show a statistically significant higher efficacy with ONYX compared with n-BCA. Patients embolized with ONYX underwent surgery less frequently compared with those treated with n-BCA (p=0.0015).
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Affiliation(s)
- James David Rabinov
- Division of Interventional Neuroradiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.
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29
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A Hirsch
- Department of NeuroInterventional Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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