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Kweon SM, Irimia-Dominguez J, Kim G, Fueger PT, Asahina K, Lai KK, Allende DS, Lai QR, Lou CH, Tsark WM, Yang JD, Ng DS, Lee JS, Tso P, Huang W, Lai KKY. Heterozygous midnolin knockout attenuates severity of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in mice fed a Western-style diet high in fat, cholesterol, and fructose. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2023; 325:G147-G157. [PMID: 37129245 PMCID: PMC10393367 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00011.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Although midnolin has been studied for over 20 years, its biological roles in vivo remain largely unknown, especially due to the lack of a functional animal model. Indeed, given our recent discovery that the knockdown of midnolin suppresses liver cancer cell tumorigenicity and that this antitumorigenic effect is associated with modulation of lipid metabolism, we hypothesized that knockout of midnolin in vivo could potentially protect from nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) which has become the most common cause of chronic liver disease in the Western world. Accordingly, in the present study, we have developed and now report on the first functional global midnolin knockout mouse model. Although the overwhelming majority of global homozygous midnolin knockout mice demonstrated embryonic lethality, heterozygous knockout mice were observed to be similar to wild-type mice in their viability and were used to determine the effect of reduced midnolin expression on NAFLD. We found that global heterozygous midnolin knockout attenuated the severity of NAFLD in mice fed a Western-style diet, high in fat, cholesterol, and fructose, and this attenuation in disease was associated with significantly reduced levels of large lipid droplets, hepatic free cholesterol, and serum LDL, with significantly differential gene expression involved in cholesterol/lipid metabolism. Collectively, our results support a role for midnolin in regulating cholesterol/lipid metabolism in the liver. Thus, midnolin may represent a novel therapeutic target for NAFLD. Finally, our observation that midnolin was essential for survival underscores the broad importance of this gene beyond its role in liver biology.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We have developed and now report on the first functional global midnolin knockout mouse model. We found that global heterozygous midnolin knockout attenuated the severity of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in mice fed a Western-style diet, high in fat, cholesterol, and fructose, and this attenuation in disease was associated with significantly reduced levels of large lipid droplets, hepatic free cholesterol, and serum LDL, with significantly differential gene expression involved in cholesterol/lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Mi Kweon
- Department of Cancer Biology and Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States
| | - Jose Irimia-Dominguez
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology and Comprehensive Metabolic Phenotyping Core, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States
| | - Gayeoun Kim
- Department of Cancer Biology and Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States
| | - Patrick T Fueger
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology and Comprehensive Metabolic Phenotyping Core, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California, United States
| | - Kinji Asahina
- Central Research Laboratory, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Japan
| | - Keith K Lai
- Department of Pathology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
- Contra Costa Pathology Associates, Pleasant Hill, California, United States
| | - Daniela S Allende
- Department of Pathology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Quincy R Lai
- Department of Cancer Biology and Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States
| | - Chih-Hong Lou
- Gene Editing and Viral Vector Core, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States
| | - Walter M Tsark
- Transgenic/Knockout Mouse Program, Center for Comparative Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States
| | - Ju Dong Yang
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States
- Comprehensive Transplant Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Dominic S Ng
- Departments of Medicine, Physiology, and Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ju-Seog Lee
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Patrick Tso
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
| | - Wendong Huang
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California, United States
| | - Keane K Y Lai
- Department of Cancer Biology and Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California, United States
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Abstract
AIMS The aim of the study was to determine how the administration of a high-fat diet supplemented with various forms of chromium to rats affects accumulation of this element in the tissues and levels of leptin, ghrelin, insulin, glucagon, serotonin, noradrenaline and histamine, as well as selected mineral elements. METHODS The experiment was conducted on 56 male Wistar rats, which were divided into 8 experimental groups. The rats received standard diet or high fat diet (HFD) with addition of 0.3 mg/kg body weight of chromium(III) picolinate (Cr-Pic), chromium(III)-methioninate (Cr-Met), or chromium nanoparticles (Cr-NP). RESULTS Chromium in organic forms was found to be better retained in the body of rats than Cr in nanoparticles form. However, Cr-Pic was the only form that increased the insulin level, which indicates its beneficial effect on carbohydrate metabolism. In blood plasma of rats fed a high-fat diet noted an increased level of serotonin and a reduced level of noradrenaline. The addition of Cr to the diet, irrespective of its form, also increased the serotonin level, which should be considered a beneficial effect. Rats fed a high-fat diet had an unfavourable reduction in the plasma concentrations of Ca, P, Mg and Zn. The reduction of P in the plasma induced by supplementation with Cr in the form of Cr-Pic or Cr-NP may exacerbate the adverse effect of a high-fat diet on the level of this element. CONCLUSION A high-fat diet was shown to negatively affect the level of hormones regulating carbohydrate metabolism (increasing leptin levels and decreasing levels of ghrelin and insulin).
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Affiliation(s)
- A Stępniowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Bioeconomy, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950, Lublin, Poland.
| | - K Tutaj
- Department of Biochemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Bioeconomy, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950, Lublin, Poland
| | - J Juśkiewicz
- Division of Food Science, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-748, Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - K Ognik
- Department of Biochemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Bioeconomy, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950, Lublin, Poland
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Morrison MC, Gart E, van Duyvenvoorde W, Snabel J, Nielsen MJ, Leeming DJ, Menke A, Kleemann R. Heat-Inactivated Akkermansia muciniphila Improves Gut Permeability but Does Not Prevent Development of Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis in Diet-Induced Obese Ldlr-/-.Leiden Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042325. [PMID: 35216439 PMCID: PMC8878538 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) has been associated with alterations in gut microbiota composition and reduced gut barrier function. Akkermansia muciniphila is a gut microbe that is thought to have health-promoting properties, including the ability to improve gut barrier function and host metabolism, both when administered live and after heat-inactivation. We questioned whether heat-inactivated A. muciniphila may reduce NASH development. Ldlr−/−.Leiden mice, a translational, diet-induced model for NASH, were fed a NASH-inducing high-fat diet (HFD) supplemented with heat-inactivated A. muciniphila. After 28 weeks, effects of the treatment on obesity and associated metabolic dysfunction in the gut (microbiota composition and permeability), adipose tissue, and liver were studied relative to an untreated HFD control. Treatment with heat-inactivated A. muciniphila did not affect body weight or adiposity and had no effect on plasma lipids, blood glucose, or plasma insulin. Heat-inactivated A. muciniphila had some minor effects on mucosal microbiota composition in ileum and colon and improved gut barrier function, as assessed by an in vivo functional gut permeability test. Epidydimal white adipose tissue (WAT) hypertrophy and inflammation were not affected, but heat-inactivated A. muciniphila did reduce hypertrophy in the mesenteric WAT which is in close proximity to the intestine. Heat-inactivated A. muciniphila did not affect the development of NASH or associated fibrosis in the liver and did not affect circulating bile acids or markers of liver fibrosis, but did reduce PRO-C4, a type IV collagen synthesis marker, which may be associated with gut integrity. In conclusion, despite beneficial effects in the gut and mesenteric adipose tissue, heat-inactivated A. muciniphila did not affect the development of NASH and fibrosis in a chronic disease setting that mimics clinically relevant disease stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martine C. Morrison
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 2333 CK Leiden, The Netherlands; (E.G.); (W.v.D.); (J.S.); (A.M.); (R.K.)
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University, 6708 WD Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Correspondence:
| | - Eveline Gart
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 2333 CK Leiden, The Netherlands; (E.G.); (W.v.D.); (J.S.); (A.M.); (R.K.)
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University, 6708 WD Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wim van Duyvenvoorde
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 2333 CK Leiden, The Netherlands; (E.G.); (W.v.D.); (J.S.); (A.M.); (R.K.)
| | - Jessica Snabel
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 2333 CK Leiden, The Netherlands; (E.G.); (W.v.D.); (J.S.); (A.M.); (R.K.)
| | - Mette Juul Nielsen
- Nordic Bioscience, Biomarkers and Research, 2730 Herlev, Denmark; (M.J.N.); (D.J.L.)
| | - Diana Julie Leeming
- Nordic Bioscience, Biomarkers and Research, 2730 Herlev, Denmark; (M.J.N.); (D.J.L.)
| | - Aswin Menke
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 2333 CK Leiden, The Netherlands; (E.G.); (W.v.D.); (J.S.); (A.M.); (R.K.)
| | - Robert Kleemann
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 2333 CK Leiden, The Netherlands; (E.G.); (W.v.D.); (J.S.); (A.M.); (R.K.)
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
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Narimatsu Y, Iwakoshi-Ukena E, Naito M, Moriwaki S, Furumitsu M, Ukena K. Neurosecretory Protein GL Accelerates Liver Steatosis in Mice Fed Medium-Fat/Medium-Fructose Diet. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042071. [PMID: 35216187 PMCID: PMC8876799 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Sugar consumption can readily lead to obesity and metabolic diseases such as liver steatosis. We previously demonstrated that a novel hypothalamic neuropeptide, neurosecretory protein GL (NPGL), promotes fat accumulation due to the ingestion of sugar by rats. However, differences in lipogenic efficiency of sugar types by NPGL remain unclear. The present study aimed to elucidate the obesogenic effects of NPGL on mice fed different sugars (i.e., sucrose or fructose). We overexpressed the NPGL-precursor gene (Npgl) in the hypothalamus of mice fed a medium-fat/medium-sucrose diet (MFSD) or a medium-fat/medium-fructose diet (MFFD). Food intake and body mass were measured for 28 days. Body composition and mRNA expression of lipid metabolic factors were measured at the endpoint. Npgl overexpression potently increased body mass with fat accumulation in the white adipose tissue of mice fed MFFD, although it did not markedly affect food intake. In contrast, we observed profound fat deposition in the livers of mice fed MFFD but not MFSD. In the liver, the mRNA expression of glucose and lipid metabolic factors was affected in mice fed MFFD. Hence, NPGL induced liver steatosis in mice fed a fructose-rich diet.
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Wang B, Yang X, Zhao M, Su Z, Hu Z, Zhang C, Guo B, Liu J, Qin L, Zhang W, Zheng R. Celastrol prevents high-fat diet-induced obesity by promoting white adipose tissue browning. Clin Transl Med 2021; 11:e641. [PMID: 34911164 PMCID: PMC8673360 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bingwei Wang
- Department of AnatomyHistology and EmbryologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesHealth Science CenterPeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xiaoning Yang
- Department of AnatomyHistology and EmbryologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesHealth Science CenterPeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Miao Zhao
- Department of AnatomyHistology and EmbryologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesHealth Science CenterPeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Zhijie Su
- Department of AnatomyHistology and EmbryologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesHealth Science CenterPeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Zhiping Hu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Peking University People's HospitalPeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Chenyu Zhang
- Department of AnatomyHistology and EmbryologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesHealth Science CenterPeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Bingbing Guo
- Department of AnatomyHistology and EmbryologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesHealth Science CenterPeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Jiarui Liu
- Department of AnatomyHistology and EmbryologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesHealth Science CenterPeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Lihua Qin
- Department of AnatomyHistology and EmbryologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesHealth Science CenterPeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Weiguang Zhang
- Department of AnatomyHistology and EmbryologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesHealth Science CenterPeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Ruimao Zheng
- Department of AnatomyHistology and EmbryologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesHealth Science CenterPeking UniversityBeijingChina
- Neuroscience Research InstitutePeking UniversityBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory for Neuroscience of Ministry of EducationPeking UniversityBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory for Neuroscience of National Health CommissionPeking UniversityBeijingChina
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M Awad S, M El-Sheikh N, Abdel-Sabour Ali H, Ismail Abo El-Fadl HM. Moringa, Rosemary and Purslane Leaves Extracts Alleviate Metabolic Syndrome in Rats Induced by High Fat-High Fructose Diet. Pak J Biol Sci 2021; 24:1022-1033. [PMID: 34842371 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2021.1022.1033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
<b>Background and Objective:</b> Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of metabolic abnormalities characterized by obesity, insulin resistance and dyslipidemia. This study aimed to investigate the impact of moringa, rosemary and purslane leave water extracts on metabolic syndrome in rats. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> Phenolic compounds in the plant leaves water extracts were determined by HPLC. Fifty adult male albino rats Sprague-Dawley strain were equally divided into five groups, group (1) Normal rats fed on the balanced diet, group (2) Metabolic syndrome rats fed on High Fat-High Fructose Diet (HF-HFD). The other three groups were fed on HF-HFD and orally administered 200 mg kg<sup></sup><sup>1</sup> b.wt. daily of the tested plant's leaves water extracts, respectively, for 12 weeks. Some anthropometric measurements (BMI, Lee index and adiposity index), biochemical parameters such as glucose hemostasis parameters (glucose, Insulin, HOMA-IR and GLP-1), lipids profile (TAGs, TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, free fatty acids, Apo-B and Apo A1), adipokines (leptin and adiponectin), some inflammatory markers (TNF-α and IL-6) and oxidative stress markers (PCC, NO and MDA), some anti-oxidant markers (GSH, CAT and TAOC) as well as, the gene expression level of endothelial nitric oxide synthase were determined. <b>Results:</b> The results revealed that feeding rats with HF-HFD for 12 weeks significantly increased anthropometric measurements, some inflammatory markers and oxidative stress markers and worsen glucose hemostasis parameters, lipids profile, adipokines and endothelial function as compared to the normal group. Moreover, co-administration of the tested plant's extracts at the tested dose to HF-HFD fed rats reduced the development of indicators of metabolic syndrome when compared to the metabolic syndrome group. <b>Conclusion:</b> The administered plant leaves water extracts at the tested dose could improve the features of metabolic syndrome. Rosemary leaves water extract has more effect in comparison with the other extracts.
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D’Alonzo ZJ, Mamo JCL, Graneri LT, Takechi R, Lam V. The Effects of Chronic Consumption of Lipid-Rich and Delipidated Bovine Dairy Milk on Brown Adipose Tissue Volume in Wild-Type Mice. Nutrients 2021; 13:4266. [PMID: 34959820 PMCID: PMC8704458 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) activation is associated with increased energy expenditure by inducing non-shivering thermogenesis. The ingestion of a milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) supplement and a high calorie diet are reported gateways into BAT activation. However, little is known about the effect of the MFGM and high calorie diets on BAT volume. To gain insight into this, mice were maintained on a high-fat (HF) or low-fat (LF) diet in conjunction with either full-cream (FC) or skim bovine dairy milk (BDM). After being maintained on their respective diets for 13 weeks, their body composition, including BAT volume, was measured using X-ray microtomography. A high calorie diet resulted in an increase in the BAT volume and mice consuming an HF diet in conjunction with FC BDM had a significantly greater BAT volume than all the other groups. Conversely, mice consuming an HF diet in addition to skim milk had a lower BAT volume compared to the HF control. The data presented suggest that the consumption of a high calorie diet in conjunction with FC BDM increases the BAT volume in wild-type mice. This study may provide valuable insight into future studies investigating BAT volume and BAT activity in relation to environmental factors, including diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary J. D’Alonzo
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia; (Z.J.D.); (J.C.L.M.); (L.T.G.); (R.T.)
- Curtin Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
| | - John C. L. Mamo
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia; (Z.J.D.); (J.C.L.M.); (L.T.G.); (R.T.)
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
| | - Liam T. Graneri
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia; (Z.J.D.); (J.C.L.M.); (L.T.G.); (R.T.)
- Curtin Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
| | - Ryusuke Takechi
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia; (Z.J.D.); (J.C.L.M.); (L.T.G.); (R.T.)
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
| | - Virginie Lam
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia; (Z.J.D.); (J.C.L.M.); (L.T.G.); (R.T.)
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
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Schönknecht YB, Crommen S, Stoffel-Wagner B, Coenen M, Fimmers R, Stehle P, Ramirez A, Egert S. APOE ɛ4 Is Associated with Postprandial Inflammation in Older Adults with Metabolic Syndrome Traits. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13113924. [PMID: 34836179 PMCID: PMC8624753 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The apolipoprotein E (APOE) polymorphism impacts blood lipids and biomarkers of oxidation and inflammation, contributing to an isoform-dependent disease risk. We investigated the effect of the APOE genotype on postprandial metabolism after consumption of three different isoenergetic (4200 kJ) meals in older adults with a CVD risk phenotype. In a randomized crossover study, participants with metabolic syndrome traits (APOE E3, n = 39; E4, n = 10; mean age, 70 ± 5 years; BMI 31.3 ± 3.0 kg/m2) consumed a Western-like diet high-fat (WDHF), Western-like diet high-carbohydrate (WDHC), or Mediterranean-like diet (MED) meal. Parameters of lipid and glucose metabolism, inflammatory, and oxidative parameters were analyzed in blood samples collected at fasting and 1–5 h postprandially. Data were analyzed by linear mixed models. The magnitude of the IL-6 increase after the WDHF meal was significantly higher in E4 than in E3 carriers (iAUC: E4 = 7.76 vs. E3 = 2.81 pg/mL × h). The time to detect the IL-6 increase was shorter in the E4 group. All meals produced postprandial glycemia, insulinemia, and lipidemia, without differences between the E3 and the E4 groups. IL-1β and oxidized LDL levels did not change postprandially. In conclusion, APOE E4 carriers display increased postprandial inflammation, indicated by higher postprandial IL-6 increase, when compared to non-carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannik Bernd Schönknecht
- Nutritional Physiology, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany; (Y.B.S.); (S.C.); (P.S.)
| | - Silke Crommen
- Nutritional Physiology, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany; (Y.B.S.); (S.C.); (P.S.)
| | - Birgit Stoffel-Wagner
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Martin Coenen
- Clinical Study Core Unit, Study Center Bonn, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Rolf Fimmers
- Institute of Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Peter Stehle
- Nutritional Physiology, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany; (Y.B.S.); (S.C.); (P.S.)
| | - Alfredo Ramirez
- Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany;
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Sarah Egert
- Nutritional Physiology, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany; (Y.B.S.); (S.C.); (P.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)-228-73-5953
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Fowler LA, Powers AD, Williams MB, Davis JL, Barry RJ, D’Abramo LR, Watts SA. The effects of dietary saturated fat source on weight gain and adiposity are influenced by both sex and total dietary lipid intake in zebrafish. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257914. [PMID: 34679092 PMCID: PMC8535427 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of saturated fat intake on obesity and cardiovascular health remain inconclusive, likely due in part to their varied nature and interactions with other nutrients. Investigating the synergistic effects of different saturated fat sources with other dietary lipid components will help establish more accurate nutritional guidelines for dietary fat intake. Over the past two decades, zebrafish (Danio rerio) have been established as an attractive model system to address questions regarding contributions of dietary lipid intake to diet-induced obesity in humans. The goal of the present study was to assess interactions of three different saturated fat sources (milk fat, palm oil, and coconut oil) with sex and total dietary lipid intake on weight gain and body composition in adult zebrafish. Larvae were raised on live feeds until 28 days post fertilization, and then fed a formulated maintenance diet until three months of age. An eight-week feeding trial was then initiated, in which zebrafish were fed nine experimental low- and high-fat diets varying in saturated fatty acid and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid content, in addition to a low-fat and high-fat control diet. At termination of the feeding trial, each treatment was evaluated according to body mass, moisture content, and adiposity. Sex and diet significantly interacted in their effects on body mass (P = 0.026), moisture content (P = 0.044), and adiposity (P = 0.035). The influence of saturated fat source on body mass was observed to be dependent on intake of total dietary lipid. In females, all three saturated fat sources had similar effects on adiposity. From these observations, we hypothesize that impacts of saturated fat intake on energy allocation and obesity-related phenotypes are influenced by both sex and intake of other dietary lipid components. Our results suggest that current nutritional guidelines for saturated fat intake may need to be re-evaluated and take sex-specific recommendations into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A. Fowler
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Audrey D. Powers
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Michael B. Williams
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - James L. Davis
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Robert J. Barry
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Louis R. D’Abramo
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Stephen A. Watts
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
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Yu S, Wang J, Li Y, Wang X, Ren F, Wang X. Structural Studies of Water-Insoluble β-Glucan from Oat Bran and Its Effect on Improving Lipid Metabolism in Mice Fed High-Fat Diet. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13093254. [PMID: 34579130 PMCID: PMC8467107 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Water-insoluble β-glucan has been reported to have beneficial effects on human health. However, no studies have thoroughly characterized the structure and function of water-insoluble β-glucan in oat bran. Thus, the structure and effect of water-insoluble β-glucan on weight gain and lipid metabolism in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice were analyzed. First, water-insoluble β-glucan was isolated and purified from oat bran. Compared with water-soluble β-glucan, water-insoluble β-glucan had higher DP3:DP4 molar ratio (2.12 and 1.67, respectively) and molecular weight (123,800 and 119,200 g/mol, respectively). Notably, water-insoluble β-glucan exhibited more fibrous sheet-like structure and greater swelling power than water-soluble β-glucan. Animal experiments have shown that oral administration of water-insoluble β-glucan tended to lower the final body weight of obese mice after 10 weeks treatment. In addition, water-insoluble β-glucan administration significantly improved the serum lipid profile (triglyceride, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels) and epididymal adipocytes size. What is more, water-insoluble β-glucan reduced the accumulation and accelerated the decomposition of lipid in liver. In conclusion, water-insoluble β-glucan (oat bran) could alleviate obesity in HFD-fed mice by improving blood lipid level and accelerating the decomposition of lipid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoujuan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (S.Y.); (J.W.)
| | - Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (S.Y.); (J.W.)
| | - Yixuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.L.); (F.R.)
| | - Xifan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA;
| | - Fazheng Ren
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.L.); (F.R.)
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (S.Y.); (J.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-010-62738589
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Ródenas-González F, Blanco-Gandía MDC, Pascual M, Molari I, Guerri C, López JM, Rodríguez-Arias M. A limited and intermittent access to a high-fat diet modulates the effects of cocaine-induced reinstatement in the conditioned place preference in male and female mice. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2021; 238:2091-2103. [PMID: 33786639 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-021-05834-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Palatable food and drugs of abuse activate common neurobiological pathways and numerous studies suggest that fat consumption increases vulnerability to drug abuse. In addition, preclinical reports show that palatable food may relieve craving for drugs, showing that an ad libitum access to a high-fat diet (HFD) can reduce cocaine-induced reinstatement. OBJECTIVE The main aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of a limited and intermittent exposure to HFD administered during the extinction and reinstatement processes of a cocaine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP). METHODS Male and female mice underwent the 10 mg/kg cocaine CPP. From post-conditioning onwards, animals were divided into four groups: SD (standard diet); HFD-MWF with 2-h access to the HFD on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays; HFD-24h, with 1-h access every day; and HFD-Ext with 1-h access to the HFD before each extinction session. RESULTS Our results showed that all HFD administrations blocked reinstatement in males, while only the HFD-MWF was able to inhibit reinstatement in females. In addition, HFD-Ext males needed fewer sessions to extinguish the preference, which suggests that administration of fat before being exposed to the environmental cues is effective to extinguish drug-related memories. HFD did not affect Oprμ gene expression but increased CB1r gene expression in the striatum in HFD-Ext males. CONCLUSIONS These results support that palatable food could act as an alternative reward to cocaine, accelerating extinction and blocking reinstatement, these effects being sex specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Ródenas-González
- Unit of Research Psychobiology of Drug Dependence, Department of Psychobiology, Facultad de Psicología, Universitat de Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - María Pascual
- Unit of Research Psychobiology of Drug Dependence, Department of Psychobiology, Facultad de Psicología, Universitat de Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pathology of Alcohol, Principe Felipe Research Center, C/Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, 46012, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud (RETICS-Trastornos Adictivos), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Molari
- Unit of Research Psychobiology of Drug Dependence, Department of Psychobiology, Facultad de Psicología, Universitat de Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Consuelo Guerri
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pathology of Alcohol, Principe Felipe Research Center, C/Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, 46012, Valencia, Spain
- Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud (RETICS-Trastornos Adictivos), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Miñarro López
- Unit of Research Psychobiology of Drug Dependence, Department of Psychobiology, Facultad de Psicología, Universitat de Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010, Valencia, Spain
- Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud (RETICS-Trastornos Adictivos), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Rodríguez-Arias
- Unit of Research Psychobiology of Drug Dependence, Department of Psychobiology, Facultad de Psicología, Universitat de Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010, Valencia, Spain.
- Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud (RETICS-Trastornos Adictivos), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, Madrid, Spain.
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12
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Rivera-Gonzalez O, Wilson NA, Coats LE, Taylor EB, Speed JS. Endothelin receptor antagonism improves glucose handling, dyslipidemia, and adipose tissue inflammation in obese mice. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 135:1773-1789. [PMID: 34278410 PMCID: PMC8650556 DOI: 10.1042/cs20210549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is elevated in patients with obesity; however, its contribution to the pathophysiology related to obesity is not fully understood. We hypothesized that high ET-1 levels cause dyslipidemia, inflammation, and insulin resistance within the adipose tissue of obese mice. To test this hypothesis, male C57BL/6J mice were fed either normal diet (NMD) or high-fat diet (HFD) for 8 weeks followed by 2 weeks of treatment with either vehicle, atrasentan (ETA receptor antagonist, 10 mg/kg/day) or bosentan (ETA/ETB receptor antagonist, 100 mg/kg/day). Atrasentan and bosentan lowered circulating non-esterified free fatty acids and triglycerides seen in HFD mice, while atrasentan-treated mice had significantly lower liver triglycerides compared with non-treated HFD mice. ET-1 receptor blockade significantly improved insulin tolerance compared with insulin-resistant HFD mice and lowered expression of genes in epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) associated with insulin resistance and inflammation. Flow cytometric analyses of eWAT indicated that HFD mice had significantly higher percentages of both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells compared with NMD mice, which was attenuated by treatment with atrasentan or bosentan. Atrasentan treatment also abolished the decrease in eosinophils seen in HFD mice. Taken together, these data indicate that ETA and ETA/ETB receptor blockade improves peripheral glucose homeostasis, dyslipidemia and liver triglycerides, and also attenuates the pro-inflammatory immune profile in eWAT of mice fed HFD. These data suggest a potential use for ETA and ETA/ETB receptor blockers in the treatment of obesity-associated dyslipidemia and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osvaldo Rivera-Gonzalez
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, U.S.A
| | - Natalie A Wilson
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, U.S.A
| | - Laura E Coats
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, U.S.A
| | - Erin B Taylor
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, U.S.A
| | - Joshua S Speed
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, U.S.A
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Lee SK. Don't Worry, Heavy Moms; Just Eat Your Broccoli(or Kimchi)! Co-diet of high-fiber and high-fat helps give birth to healthy offspring through gut microbiota-to-brain signaling. Mol Cells 2021; 44:422-424. [PMID: 34140427 PMCID: PMC8245314 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2021.0118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Kyung Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
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14
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Wang F, Hu M, Zhu H, Yang C, Xia H, Yang X, Yang L, Sun G. MyD88 determines the protective effects of fish oil and perilla oil against metabolic disorders and inflammation in adipose tissue from mice fed a high-fat diet. Nutr Diabetes 2021; 11:23. [PMID: 34168108 PMCID: PMC8225863 DOI: 10.1038/s41387-021-00159-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The beneficial effects of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) vary between different sources. However, there is a paucity of comparative studies regarding the effects and mechanisms of marine and plant ω-3 PUFA on obesity. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of fish oil (FO) and perilla oil (PO) on glucolipid metabolism, inflammation, and adipokine in mice fed a high-fat (HF) diet in association with the contribution of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88) pathway. METHODS C57BL/6J mice and MyD88-/- mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: normal chow diet, HF diet, HF diet accompanied by daily gavage with either FO or PO. After 4 weeks, blood biochemistries, adipocyte histology, mRNA, and protein expression of MyD88-dependent and -independent pathways of TLR4 signaling in epididymal adipose tissue were measured. RESULTS In C57BL/6J mice, there were no statistical differences between FO and PO in decreasing body weight, glucose, insulin, triglyceride, total cholesterol, interleukin-6, and increasing adipocyte counts. FO and PO decreased mRNA and protein expression of TLR4, MyD88, tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6, inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B kinase beta and nuclear factor-kappa B p65. In MyD88-/- mice, the beneficial effects of FO and PO on HF diet-induced metabolism abnormalities and inflammation were abolished. FO and PO had no impacts on mRNA and protein expression of receptor-interacting protein-1, interferon regulate factor 3, and nuclear factor-kappa B p65. CONCLUSION FO and PO exhibit similar protective effects on metabolic disorders and inflammation through inhibiting TLR4 signaling in a manner dependent on MyD88. These findings highlight plant ω-3 PUFA as an attractive alternative source of marine ω-3 PUFA and reveal a mechanistic insight for preventive benefits of ω-3 PUFA in obesity and related metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Mingyuan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Hangju Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Xia
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ligang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guiju Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
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15
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Moreno-Fernandez ME, Sharma V, Stankiewicz TE, Oates JR, Doll JR, Damen MSMA, Almanan MATA, Chougnet CA, Hildeman DA, Divanovic S. Aging mitigates the severity of obesity-associated metabolic sequelae in a gender independent manner. Nutr Diabetes 2021; 11:15. [PMID: 34099626 PMCID: PMC8184786 DOI: 10.1038/s41387-021-00157-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding gender-associated bias in aging and obesity-driven metabolic derangements has been hindered by the inability to model severe obesity in female mice. METHODS Here, using chow- or high fat diet (HFD)-feeding regimens at standard (TS) and thermoneutral (TN) housing temperatures, the latter to model obesity in female mice, we examined the impact of gender and aging on obesity-associated metabolic derangements and immune responsiveness. Analysis included quantification of: (i) weight gain and adiposity; (ii) the development and severity of glucose dysmetabolism and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD); and (iii) induction of inflammatory pathways related to metabolic dysfunction. RESULTS We show that under chow diet feeding regimen, aging was accompanied by increased body weight and white adipose tissue (WAT) expansion in a gender independent manner. HFD feeding regimen in aged, compared to young, male mice at TS, resulted in attenuated glucose dysmetabolism and hepatic steatosis. However, under TS housing conditions only aged, but not young, HFD fed female mice developed obesity. At TN however, both young and aged HFD fed female mice developed severe obesity. Independent of gender or housing conditions, aging attenuated the severity of metabolic derangements in HFD-fed obese mice. Tempered severity of metabolic derangements in aged mice was associated with increased splenic frequency of regulatory T (Treg) cells, Type I regulatory (Tr1)-like cells and circulating IL-10 levels and decreased vigor of HFD-driven induction of inflammatory pathways in adipose and liver tissues. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that aging-associated altered immunological profile and inflammatory vigor may play a dominant role in the attenuation of obesogenic diet-driven metabolic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria E Moreno-Fernandez
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45220, USA
- Division of Immunobiology Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Vishakha Sharma
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45220, USA
- Division of Immunobiology Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Immunology Graduate Program Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45220, USA
| | - Traci E Stankiewicz
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45220, USA
- Division of Immunobiology Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Jarren R Oates
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45220, USA
- Division of Immunobiology Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Immunology Graduate Program Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45220, USA
| | - Jessica R Doll
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45220, USA
- Division of Immunobiology Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Michelle S M A Damen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45220, USA
- Division of Immunobiology Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Maha A T A Almanan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45220, USA
- Division of Immunobiology Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Immunology Graduate Program Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45220, USA
| | - Claire A Chougnet
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45220, USA
- Division of Immunobiology Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Immunology Graduate Program Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45220, USA
| | - David A Hildeman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45220, USA
- Division of Immunobiology Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Immunology Graduate Program Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45220, USA
- Center for Transplant Immunology, and Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati, Ohio, 45229, USA
| | - Senad Divanovic
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45220, USA.
- Division of Immunobiology Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
- Immunology Graduate Program Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45220, USA.
- Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45229, USA.
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16
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Hajri T, Zaiou M, Fungwe TV, Ouguerram K, Besong S. Epigenetic Regulation of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Mediates High-Fat Diet-Induced Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Cells 2021; 10:1355. [PMID: 34072832 PMCID: PMC8229510 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is highly prevalent in Western countries and has become a serious public health concern. Although Western-style dietary patterns, characterized by a high intake of saturated fat, is considered a risk factor for NAFLD, the molecular mechanisms leading to hepatic fat accumulation are still unclear. In this study, we assessed epigenetic regulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), modifications of gene expression, and lipid uptake in the liver of mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD), and in hepatocyte culture challenged with palmitic acid. Bisulfate pyrosequencing revealed that HFD reduced the level of cytosine methylation in the pparγ DNA promoter. This was associated with increased expression of the hepatic PPARγ, very low-density lipoprotein receptor (VLDLR) and cluster differentiating 36 (CD36), and enhanced uptake of fatty acids and very low-density lipoprotein, leading to excess hepatic lipid accumulation. Furthermore, palmitic acid overload engendered comparable modifications in hepatocytes, suggesting that dietary fatty acids contribute to the pathogenesis of NAFLD through epigenetic upregulation of PPARγ and its target genes. The significance of epigenetic regulation was further demonstrated in hepatocytes treated with DNA methylation inhibitor, showing marked upregulation of PPARγ and its target genes, leading to enhanced fatty acid uptake and storage. This study demonstrated that HFD-induction of pparγ DNA promoter demethylation increased the expression of PPARγ and its target genes, vldlr and cd36, leading to excess lipid accumulation, an important initiating mechanism by which HFD increased PPARγ and lipid accumulation. These findings provide strong evidence that modification of the pparγ promoter methylation is a crucial mechanism of regulation in NAFLD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahar Hajri
- Department of Human Ecology, Delaware State University, Dover, DE 1191, USA;
| | - Mohamed Zaiou
- The Jean-Lamour Institute, UMR 7198 CNRS, University of Lorraine, F-54000 Nancy, France;
| | - Thomas V. Fungwe
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA;
| | - Khadija Ouguerram
- UMR1280 PhAN, Physiopathology of Nutritional Adaptations, INRA, University of Nantes, CHU Hôtel Dieu, IMAD, CRNH Ouest, 44000 Nantes, France;
| | - Samuel Besong
- Department of Human Ecology, Delaware State University, Dover, DE 1191, USA;
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Moriggi M, Belloli S, Barbacini P, Murtaj V, Torretta E, Chaabane L, Canu T, Penati S, Malosio ML, Esposito A, Gelfi C, Moresco RM, Capitanio D. Skeletal Muscle Proteomic Profile Revealed Gender-Related Metabolic Responses in a Diet-Induced Obesity Animal Model. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094680. [PMID: 33925229 PMCID: PMC8125379 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a chronic, complex pathology associated with a risk of developing secondary pathologies, including cardiovascular diseases, cancer, type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and musculoskeletal disorders. Since skeletal muscle accounts for more than 70% of total glucose disposal, metabolic alterations are strictly associated with the onset of insulin resistance and T2DM. The present study relies on the proteomic analysis of gastrocnemius muscle from 15 male and 15 female C56BL/J mice fed for 14 weeks with standard, 45% or 60% high-fat diets (HFD) adopting a label-free LC–MS/MS approach followed by bioinformatic pathway analysis. Results indicate changes in males due to HFD, with increased muscular stiffness (Col1a1, Col1a2, Actb), fiber-type switch from slow/oxidative to fast/glycolytic (decreased Myh7, Myl2, Myl3 and increased Myh2, Mylpf, Mybpc2, Myl1), increased oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction (decreased respiratory chain complex I and V and increased complex III subunits). At variance, females show few alterations and activation of compensatory mechanisms to counteract the increase of fatty acids. Bioinformatics analysis allows identifying upstream molecules involved in regulating pathways identified at variance in our analysis (Ppargc1a, Pparg, Cpt1b, Clpp, Tp53, Kdm5a, Hif1a). These findings underline the presence of a gender-specific response to be considered when approaching obesity and related comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Moriggi
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, 20097 San Donato Milanese, Italy;
| | - Sara Belloli
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, CNR, 20090 Segrate, Italy; (S.B.); (R.M.M.)
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy;
| | - Pietro Barbacini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, 20090 Segrate, Italy; (P.B.); (C.G.)
| | - Valentina Murtaj
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy;
- PhD Program in Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | | | - Linda Chaabane
- Experimental Imaging Center, Preclinical Imaging Facility, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; (L.C.); (T.C.); (A.E.)
| | - Tamara Canu
- Experimental Imaging Center, Preclinical Imaging Facility, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; (L.C.); (T.C.); (A.E.)
| | - Silvia Penati
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Brain Pathology, Neuro Center, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Rozzano, Italy; (S.P.); (M.L.M.)
- Institute of Neuroscience, Humanitas Mirasole S.p.A, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Malosio
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Brain Pathology, Neuro Center, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Rozzano, Italy; (S.P.); (M.L.M.)
- Institute of Neuroscience, Humanitas Mirasole S.p.A, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
| | - Antonio Esposito
- Experimental Imaging Center, Preclinical Imaging Facility, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; (L.C.); (T.C.); (A.E.)
- Experimental Imaging Center, Radiology Department, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Cecilia Gelfi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, 20090 Segrate, Italy; (P.B.); (C.G.)
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, 20161 Milan, Italy;
| | - Rosa Maria Moresco
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, CNR, 20090 Segrate, Italy; (S.B.); (R.M.M.)
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy;
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Daniele Capitanio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, 20090 Segrate, Italy; (P.B.); (C.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0250330411
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18
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Svop Jensen V, Fledelius C, Max Wulff E, Lykkesfeldt J, Hvid H. Temporal Development of Dyslipidemia and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) in Syrian Hamsters Fed a High-Fat, High-Fructose, High-Cholesterol Diet. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020604. [PMID: 33673227 PMCID: PMC7917647 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of translationally relevant animal models is essential, also within the field of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Compared to frequently used mouse and rat models, the hamster may provide a higher degree of physiological similarity to humans in terms of lipid profile and lipoprotein metabolism. However, the effects in hamsters after long-term exposure to a NASH diet are not known. Male Syrian hamsters were fed either a high-fat, high-fructose, high-cholesterol diet (NASH diet) or control diets for up to 12 months. Plasma parameters were assessed at two weeks, one, four, eight and 12 months and liver histopathology and biochemistry was characterized after four, eight and 12 months on the experimental diets. After two weeks, hamsters on NASH diet had developed marked dyslipidemia, which persisted for the remainder of the study. Hepatic steatosis was present in NASH-fed hamsters after four months, and hepatic stellate cell activation and fibrosis was observed within four to eight months, respectively, in agreement with progression towards NASH. In summary, we demonstrate that hamsters rapidly develop dyslipidemia when fed a high-fat, high-fructose, high-cholesterol diet. Moreover, within four to eight months, the NASH-diet induced hepatic changes with resemblance to human NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Svop Jensen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Ridebanevej 9, DK-1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark;
- Diabetes Pharmacology 1, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park 1, DK-2760 Måløv, Denmark;
- Correspondence:
| | - Christian Fledelius
- Diabetes Pharmacology 1, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park 1, DK-2760 Måløv, Denmark;
| | - Erik Max Wulff
- Gubra ApS, Hørsholm Kongevej 11B, DK-2970 Hørsholm, Denmark;
| | - Jens Lykkesfeldt
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Ridebanevej 9, DK-1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark;
| | - Henning Hvid
- Pathology & Imaging, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park 1, DK-2760 Måløv, Denmark;
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19
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Corral-Jara KF, Cantini L, Poupin N, Ye T, Rigaudière JP, Vincent SDS, Pinel A, Morio B, Capel F. An Integrated Analysis of miRNA and Gene Expression Changes in Response to an Obesogenic Diet to Explore the Impact of Transgenerational Supplementation with Omega 3 Fatty Acids. Nutrients 2020; 12:E3864. [PMID: 33348802 PMCID: PMC7765958 DOI: 10.3390/nu12123864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance decreases the ability of insulin to inhibit hepatic gluconeogenesis, a key step in the development of metabolic syndrome. Metabolic alterations, fat accumulation, and fibrosis in the liver are closely related and contribute to the progression of comorbidities, such as hypertension, type 2 diabetes, or cancer. Omega 3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), were identified as potent positive regulators of insulin sensitivity in vitro and in animal models. In the current study, we explored the effects of a transgenerational supplementation with EPA in mice exposed to an obesogenic diet on the regulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) and gene expression in the liver using high-throughput techniques. We implemented a comprehensive molecular systems biology approach, combining statistical tools, such as MicroRNA Master Regulator Analysis pipeline and Boolean modeling to integrate these biochemical processes. We demonstrated that EPA mediated molecular adaptations, leading to the inhibition of miR-34a-5p, a negative regulator of Irs2 as a master regulatory event leading to the inhibition of gluconeogenesis by insulin during the fasting-feeding transition. Omics data integration provided greater biological insight and a better understanding of the relationships between biological variables. Such an approach may be useful for deriving innovative data-driven hypotheses and for the discovery of molecular-biochemical mechanistic links.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Fabiola Corral-Jara
- Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Université Clermont Auvergne, Institut National de Recherche pour L’agriculture, L’alimentation et L’environnement (INRAE), Faculté de Médecine, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (K.F.C.-J.); (J.P.R.); (S.D.S.V.); (A.P.)
| | - Laura Cantini
- Computational Systems Biology Team, Institut de Biologie de l’Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Université PSL, 75005 Paris, France;
| | - Nathalie Poupin
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, 31027 Toulouse, France;
| | - Tao Ye
- GenomEast Platform, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), 1 rue Laurent Fries/BP 10142/, 67404 Illkirch, France;
| | - Jean Paul Rigaudière
- Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Université Clermont Auvergne, Institut National de Recherche pour L’agriculture, L’alimentation et L’environnement (INRAE), Faculté de Médecine, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (K.F.C.-J.); (J.P.R.); (S.D.S.V.); (A.P.)
| | - Sarah De Saint Vincent
- Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Université Clermont Auvergne, Institut National de Recherche pour L’agriculture, L’alimentation et L’environnement (INRAE), Faculté de Médecine, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (K.F.C.-J.); (J.P.R.); (S.D.S.V.); (A.P.)
| | - Alexandre Pinel
- Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Université Clermont Auvergne, Institut National de Recherche pour L’agriculture, L’alimentation et L’environnement (INRAE), Faculté de Médecine, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (K.F.C.-J.); (J.P.R.); (S.D.S.V.); (A.P.)
| | - Béatrice Morio
- CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM U1060, INRAE U1397, Université Lyon 1, 69310 Pierre Bénite, France;
| | - Frédéric Capel
- Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Université Clermont Auvergne, Institut National de Recherche pour L’agriculture, L’alimentation et L’environnement (INRAE), Faculté de Médecine, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (K.F.C.-J.); (J.P.R.); (S.D.S.V.); (A.P.)
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20
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Fjære E, Myrmel LS, Dybing K, Kuda O, Holbech Jensen BA, Rossmeisl M, Frøyland L, Kristiansen K, Madsen L. The Anti-Obesogenic Effect of Lean Fish Species is Influenced by the Fatty Acid Composition in Fish Fillets. Nutrients 2020; 12:E3038. [PMID: 33022997 PMCID: PMC7600456 DOI: 10.3390/nu12103038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fillets from marine fish species contain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in the form of phospholipids (PLs). To investigate the importance of PL-bound n-3 PUFAs in mediating the anti-obesogenic effect of lean seafood, we compared the anti-obesogenic properties of fillets from cod with fillets from pangasius, a fresh water fish with a very low content of PL-bound n-3 PUFAs. We prepared high-fat/high-protein diets using chicken, cod and pangasius as the protein sources, and fed male C57BL/6J mice these diets for 12 weeks. Mice fed the diet containing cod gained less adipose tissue mass and had smaller white adipocytes than mice fed the chicken-containing diet, whereas mice fed the pangasius-containing diet were in between mice fed the chicken-containing diet and mice fed the cod-containing diet. Of note, mice fed the pangasius-containing diet exhibited reduced glucose tolerance compared to mice fed the cod-containing diet. Although the sum of marine n-3 PUFAs comprised less than 2% of the total fatty acids in the cod-containing diet, this was sufficient to significantly increase the levels of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acids (DHA) in mouse tissues and enhance production of n-3 PUFA-derived lipid mediators as compared with mice fed pangasius or chicken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Even Fjære
- Institute of Marine Research, NO-5817 Bergen, Norway; (E.F.); (L.S.M.); (K.D.); (L.F.)
| | - Lene Secher Myrmel
- Institute of Marine Research, NO-5817 Bergen, Norway; (E.F.); (L.S.M.); (K.D.); (L.F.)
| | - Karianne Dybing
- Institute of Marine Research, NO-5817 Bergen, Norway; (E.F.); (L.S.M.); (K.D.); (L.F.)
| | - Ondrej Kuda
- Department of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic; (O.K.); (M.R.)
| | - Benjamin Anderschou Holbech Jensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Martin Rossmeisl
- Department of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic; (O.K.); (M.R.)
| | - Livar Frøyland
- Institute of Marine Research, NO-5817 Bergen, Norway; (E.F.); (L.S.M.); (K.D.); (L.F.)
| | - Karsten Kristiansen
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Lise Madsen
- Institute of Marine Research, NO-5817 Bergen, Norway; (E.F.); (L.S.M.); (K.D.); (L.F.)
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21
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Thackray AE, Willis SA, Clayton DJ, Broom DR, Finlayson G, Goltz FR, Sargeant JA, Woods RM, Stensel DJ, King JA. Influence of Short-Term Hyperenergetic, High-Fat Feeding on Appetite, Appetite-Related Hormones, and Food Reward in Healthy Men. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12092635. [PMID: 32872401 PMCID: PMC7551053 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Short-term overfeeding may provoke compensatory appetite responses to correct the energy surplus. However, the initial time-course of appetite, appetite-related hormone, and reward-related responses to hyperenergetic, high-fat diets (HE-HFD) are poorly characterised. Twelve young healthy men consumed a HE-HFD (+50% energy, 65% fat) or control diet (36% fat) for seven days in a randomised crossover design. Mean appetite perceptions were determined during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) before and after each diet. Fasted appetite perceptions, appetite-related hormones, and reward parameters were measured pre-diet and after 1-, 3- and 7-days of each diet. The HE-HFD induced a pre-to-post diet suppression in mean appetite during the OGTT (all ratings p ≤ 0.058, effect size (d) ≥ 0.31), and reduced the preference for high-fat vs. low-fat foods (main effect diet p = 0.036, d = 0.32). Fasted leptin was higher in the HE-HFD than control diet (main effect diet p < 0.001, d = 0.30), whilst a diet-by-time interaction (p = 0.036) revealed fasted acylated ghrelin was reduced after 1-, 3- and 7-days of the HE-HFD (all p ≤ 0.040, d ≥ 0.50 vs. pre-diet). Appetite perceptions and total peptide YY in the fasted state exhibited similar temporal patterns between the diets (diet-by-time interaction p ≥ 0.077). Seven days of high-fat overfeeding provokes modest compensatory changes in subjective, hormonal, and reward-related appetite parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice E. Thackray
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE1 3TU, UK; (A.E.T.); (S.A.W.); (F.R.G.); (D.J.S.)
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust and University of Leicester, Leicester LE5 4PW, UK
| | - Scott A. Willis
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE1 3TU, UK; (A.E.T.); (S.A.W.); (F.R.G.); (D.J.S.)
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust and University of Leicester, Leicester LE5 4PW, UK
| | - David J. Clayton
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG1 8NS, UK;
| | - David R. Broom
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry CV1 2DS, UK;
| | - Graham Finlayson
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK;
| | - Fernanda R. Goltz
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE1 3TU, UK; (A.E.T.); (S.A.W.); (F.R.G.); (D.J.S.)
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust and University of Leicester, Leicester LE5 4PW, UK
| | - Jack A. Sargeant
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester LE5 4PW, UK;
| | | | - David J. Stensel
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE1 3TU, UK; (A.E.T.); (S.A.W.); (F.R.G.); (D.J.S.)
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust and University of Leicester, Leicester LE5 4PW, UK
| | - James A. King
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE1 3TU, UK; (A.E.T.); (S.A.W.); (F.R.G.); (D.J.S.)
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust and University of Leicester, Leicester LE5 4PW, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-(0)-1509-228457
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22
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Bae JY. Preventive Effects of Different Aerobic Exercise Intensities on the Decline of Cognitive Function in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Growing Mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 56:medicina56070331. [PMID: 32630770 PMCID: PMC7404633 DOI: 10.3390/medicina56070331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The purpose of this study was to elucidate the effects of different exercise intensities in preventing the decline of cognitive function and lipolysis associated with a high-fat diet-induced obesity in growing mice. Material and Methods: Forty male C57BL/6 mice, aged 4 weeks, were divided into the normal diet (CO, n = 10) and high-fat diet (HF, n = 30) groups to induce obesity for 8 weeks. Subsequently, the HF group was subdivided equally into the HF, HF + low-intensity training (HFLT), and HF + high-intensity training (HFHT) groups, and mice were subjected to treadmill training for 8 weeks. Results: Following the 8-week training intervention, body weight and fat mass were significantly lower in the training groups than in the HF group (p < 0.05). Adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), and monoglyceride lipase levels were significantly higher in the training groups than in the HF group (p < 0.05), and the ATGL and HSL levels were significantly higher in the HFHT group than in the HFLT group (p < 0.05). The Y-maze test showed that the training groups had a higher number of total entries and percent alternation than the HF group (p < 0.05). Hippocampal nerve growth factor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and neurotrophin-3 levels were significantly higher in the training group than in the HF group (p < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference according to the exercise intensity among the groups. Conclusions: The results of this study suggested that low-intensity exercise is as effective as a high-intensity exercise in preventing the decline of cognitive function and lipolysis, and far more effective in terms of an expected efficiency of workload and prevention of side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Yong Bae
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry, Department of Physical Education, College of Arts and Physical Education, Dong-A University, 37 Nakdong-daero 550 beon-gil, Hadan-dong, Saha-gu, Busan 604-714, Korea
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23
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Ang QY, Alexander M, Newman JC, Tian Y, Cai J, Upadhyay V, Turnbaugh JA, Verdin E, Hall KD, Leibel RL, Ravussin E, Rosenbaum M, Patterson AD, Turnbaugh PJ. Ketogenic Diets Alter the Gut Microbiome Resulting in Decreased Intestinal Th17 Cells. Cell 2020; 181:1263-1275.e16. [PMID: 32437658 PMCID: PMC7293577 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Very low-carbohydrate, high-fat ketogenic diets (KDs) induce a pronounced shift in metabolic fuel utilization that elevates circulating ketone bodies; however, the consequences of these compounds for host-microbiome interactions remain unknown. Here, we show that KDs alter the human and mouse gut microbiota in a manner distinct from high-fat diets (HFDs). Metagenomic and metabolomic analyses of stool samples from an 8-week inpatient study revealed marked shifts in gut microbial community structure and function during the KD. Gradient diet experiments in mice confirmed the unique impact of KDs relative to HFDs with a reproducible depletion of bifidobacteria. In vitro and in vivo experiments showed that ketone bodies selectively inhibited bifidobacterial growth. Finally, mono-colonizations and human microbiome transplantations into germ-free mice revealed that the KD-associated gut microbiota reduces the levels of intestinal pro-inflammatory Th17 cells. Together, these results highlight the importance of trans-kingdom chemical dialogs for mediating the host response to dietary interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Yan Ang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Margaret Alexander
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - John C Newman
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | - Yuan Tian
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Jingwei Cai
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Vaibhav Upadhyay
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Jessie A Turnbaugh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Eric Verdin
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | - Kevin D Hall
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Rudolph L Leibel
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Eric Ravussin
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - Michael Rosenbaum
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Andrew D Patterson
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Peter J Turnbaugh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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24
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Maske CB, Coiduras II, Ondriezek ZE, Terrill SJ, Williams DL. Intermittent High-Fat Diet Intake Reduces Sensitivity to Intragastric Nutrient Infusion and Exogenous Amylin in Female Rats. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2020; 28:942-952. [PMID: 32237211 PMCID: PMC7180114 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Intermittent (INT) access to a high-fat diet (HFD) can induce excessive-intake phenotypes in rodents. This study hypothesized that impaired satiation responses contribute to elevated intake in an INT-HFD access model. METHODS First, this study characterized the intake and meal patterns of female rats that were subjected to an INT HFD in which a 45% HFD was presented for 20 hours every fourth day. To examine nutrient-induced satiation, rats received intragastric infusions of saline or Ensure Plus prior to darkness-onset food access. A similar design was used to examine sensitivity to the satiating effect of amylin. This study then examined whether an INT HFD influences amylin-induced c-Fos in feeding-relevant brain areas. RESULTS Upon INT HFD access, rats consumed meals of larger size. The anorexic response to intragastric Ensure infusion and exogenous amylin treatment was blunted in INT rats on both chow-only and INT-HFD days of the diet regimen, compared with chow-maintained and continuous-HFD rats. An INT HFD did not influence amylin-induced c-Fos in the area postrema, nucleus of the solitary tract, and lateral parabrachial nucleus. CONCLUSIONS Impaired satiation responses, mediated in part by reduced sensitivity to amylin, may explain the elevated intake observed upon INT HFD access and may play a role in disorders of INT overconsumption, including binge eating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calyn B Maske
- Program in Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Isabel I Coiduras
- Program in Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Zeleen E Ondriezek
- Program in Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Sarah J Terrill
- Program in Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Diana L Williams
- Program in Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
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25
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Liu L, Jin R, Hao J, Zeng J, Yin D, Yi Y, Zhu M, Mandal A, Hua Y, Ng CK, Egilmez NK, Sauter ER, Li B. Consumption of the Fish Oil High-Fat Diet Uncouples Obesity and Mammary Tumor Growth through Induction of Reactive Oxygen Species in Protumor Macrophages. Cancer Res 2020; 80:2564-2574. [PMID: 32213543 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-3184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with increased risk of many types of cancer and can be induced by various high-fat diets (HFD) from different fat sources. It remains unknown whether fatty acid composition in different HFD influences obesity-associated tumor development. Here we report that consumption of either a cocoa butter or fish oil HFD induced similar obesity in mouse models. While obesity induced by the cocoa butter HFD was associated with accelerated mammary tumor growth, consumption of the fish oil HFD uncoupled obesity from increased mammary tumor growth and exhibited a decrease in protumor macrophages. Compared with fatty acid (FA) components in both HFDs, n-3 FA rich in the fish oil HFD induced significant production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and macrophage death. Moreover, A-FABP expression in the protumor macrophages facilitated intracellular transportation of n-3 FA and oxidation of mitochondrial FA. A-FABP deficiency diminished n-3 FA-mediated ROS production and macrophage death in vitro and in vivo. Together, our results demonstrate a novel mechanism by which n-3 FA induce ROS-mediated protumor macrophage death in an A-FABP-dependent manner. SIGNIFICANCE: This study provides mechanistic insight into dietary supplementation with fish oil for breast cancer prevention and advances a new concept that not all HFDs leading to obesity are tumorigenic. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/80/12/2564/F1.large.jpg.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Carcinogenesis/immunology
- Carcinogenesis/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor/transplantation
- Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects
- Diet, High-Fat/methods
- Dietary Fats/adverse effects
- Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins/genetics
- Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Female
- Fish Oils/administration & dosage
- Humans
- Macrophages/cytology
- Macrophages/immunology
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Mammary Glands, Animal/cytology
- Mammary Glands, Animal/immunology
- Mammary Glands, Animal/pathology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/immunology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/metabolism
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/prevention & control
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Mitochondria/metabolism
- Obesity/complications
- Obesity/immunology
- Obesity/metabolism
- Primary Cell Culture
- Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianliang Liu
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Rong Jin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaqing Hao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Jun Zeng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Di Yin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanmei Yi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Mingming Zhu
- Department of Radiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Anita Mandal
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Yuan Hua
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Chin K Ng
- Department of Radiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Nejat K Egilmez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Edward R Sauter
- Division of Cancer Prevention, NCI, NIH, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Bing Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky.
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Weber DD, Aminzadeh-Gohari S, Tulipan J, Catalano L, Feichtinger RG, Kofler B. Ketogenic diet in the treatment of cancer - Where do we stand? Mol Metab 2020; 33:102-121. [PMID: 31399389 PMCID: PMC7056920 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2019.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer is one of the greatest public health challenges worldwide, and we still lack complementary approaches to significantly enhance the efficacy of standard anticancer therapies. The ketogenic diet, a high-fat, low-carbohydrate diet with adequate amounts of protein, appears to sensitize most cancers to standard treatment by exploiting the reprogramed metabolism of cancer cells, making the diet a promising candidate as an adjuvant cancer therapy. SCOPE OF REVIEW To critically evaluate available preclinical and clinical evidence regarding the ketogenic diet in the context of cancer therapy. Furthermore, we highlight important mechanisms that could explain the potential antitumor effects of the ketogenic diet. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS The ketogenic diet probably creates an unfavorable metabolic environment for cancer cells and thus can be regarded as a promising adjuvant as a patient-specific multifactorial therapy. The majority of preclinical and several clinical studies argue for the use of the ketogenic diet in combination with standard therapies based on its potential to enhance the antitumor effects of classic chemo- and radiotherapy, its overall good safety and tolerability and increase in quality of life. However, to further elucidate the mechanisms of the ketogenic diet as a therapy and evaluate its application in clinical practice, more molecular studies as well as uniformly controlled clinical trials are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela D Weber
- Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, Müllner Hauptstraße 48, 5020, Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Sepideh Aminzadeh-Gohari
- Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, Müllner Hauptstraße 48, 5020, Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Julia Tulipan
- Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, Müllner Hauptstraße 48, 5020, Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Luca Catalano
- Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, Müllner Hauptstraße 48, 5020, Salzburg, Austria.
| | - René G Feichtinger
- Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, Müllner Hauptstraße 48, 5020, Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Barbara Kofler
- Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, Müllner Hauptstraße 48, 5020, Salzburg, Austria.
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Ahart ZC, Martin LE, Kemp BR, Banik DD, Roberts SG, Torregrossa AM, Medler KF. Differential Effects of Diet and Weight on Taste Responses in Diet-Induced Obese Mice. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2020; 28:284-292. [PMID: 31891242 PMCID: PMC6981059 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous studies have reported that individuals with obesity have reduced taste perception, but the relationship between obesity and taste is poorly understood. Earlier work has demonstrated that diet-induced obesity directly impairs taste. Currently, it is not clear whether these changes to taste are due to obesity or to the high-fat diet exposure. The goal of the current study was to determine whether diet or excess weight is responsible for the taste deficits induced by diet-induced obesity. METHODS C57BL/6 mice were placed on either high-fat or standard chow in the presence or absence of captopril. Mice on captopril did not gain weight when exposed to a high-fat diet. Changes in the responses to different taste stimuli were evaluated using live cell imaging, brief-access licking, immunohistochemistry, and real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Diet and weight gain each affected taste responses, but their effects varied by stimulus. Two key signaling proteins, α-gustducin and phospholipase Cβ2, were significantly reduced in the mice on the high-fat diet with and without weight gain, identifying a potential mechanism for the reduced taste responsiveness to some stimuli. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that, for some stimuli, diet alone can cause taste deficits, even without the onset of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary C. Ahart
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Laura E. Martin
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Bailey R. Kemp
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Debarghya Dutta Banik
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Stefan G.E. Roberts
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Ann-Marie Torregrossa
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Kathryn F Medler
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
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Burrell JA, Richard AJ, King WT, Stephens JM. Mitochondrial Pyruvate Carriers are not Required for Adipogenesis but are Regulated by High-Fat Feeding in Brown Adipose Tissue. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2020; 28:293-302. [PMID: 31970913 PMCID: PMC6986308 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objectives of this study were to assess the role of mitochondrial pyruvate carriers (MPCs) in adipocyte development in vitro and determine whether MPCs are regulated in vivo by high-fat feeding in male and female C57BL/6J mice. METHODS This study utilized small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown to assess the requirement of MPC1 for adipogenesis in the 3T3-L1 model system. Treatment with UK-5099, a potent pharmacological MPC inhibitor, was also used to assess the loss of MPC activity. Western blot analysis was performed on adipose tissue samples from mice on a low-fat diet or a high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks. RESULTS The loss of MPC expression via small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown or pharmacological inhibition did not affect adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 cells. In vivo studies indicated that expression of MPCs was significantly decreased in brown adipose tissue of male mice, but not female, on an HFD. CONCLUSIONS Although MPCs are essential for pyruvate transport, MPCs are not required for adipogenesis in vitro, suggesting that other substrates can be used for energy production when the MPC complex is not functional. Also, a significant decrease in MPC1 and 2 expression occurred in brown fat, but not white fat, of male mice fed an HFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine A Burrell
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
- Adipocyte Biology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Allison J Richard
- Adipocyte Biology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - William T King
- Integrated Physiology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Jacqueline M Stephens
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
- Adipocyte Biology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
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Guerra-Cantera S, Frago LM, Díaz F, Ros P, Jiménez-Hernaiz M, Freire-Regatillo A, Barrios V, Argente J, Chowen JA. Short-Term Diet Induced Changes in the Central and Circulating IGF Systems Are Sex Specific. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:513. [PMID: 32849298 PMCID: PMC7431666 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) 1 exerts a wide range of functions in mammalians participating not only in the control of growth and metabolism, but also in other actions such as neuroprotection. Nutritional status modifies the IGF system, although little is known regarding how diet affects the newest members of this system including pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) and PAPP-A2, proteases that liberate IGF from the IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs), and stanniocalcins (STCs) that inhibit PAPP-A and PAPP-A2 activity. Here we explored if a 1-week dietary change to either a high-fat diet (HFD) or a low-fat diet (LFD) modifies the central and peripheral IGF systems in both male and female Wistar rats. The circulating IGF system showed sex differences in most of its members at baseline. Males had higher levels of both free (p < 0.001) and total IGF1 (p < 0.001), as well as IGFBP3 (p < 0.001), IGFBP5 (p < 0.001), and insulin (p < 0.01). In contrast, females had higher serum levels of PAPP-A2 (p < 0.05) and IGFBP2 (p < 0.001). The responses to a short-term dietary change were both diet and sex specific. Circulating levels of IGF2 increased in response to LFD intake in females (p < 0.001) and decreased in response to HFD intake in males (p < 0.001). In females, LFD intake also decreased circulating IGFBP2 levels (p < 0.001). In the hypothalamus LFD intake increased IGF2 (p < 0.01) and IGFBP2 mRNA (p < 0.001) levels, as well as the expression of NPY (p < 0.001) and AgRP (p < 0.01), but only in males. In conclusion, short-term LFD intake induced more changes in the peripheral and central IGF system than did short-term HFD intake. Moreover, these changes were sex-specific, with IGF2 and IGFBP2 being more highly affected than the other members of the IGF system. One of the main differences between the commercial LFD employed and the HFD or normal rodent chow is that the LFD has a significantly higher sucrose content, suggesting that this nutrient could be involved in the observed responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Guerra-Cantera
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura M. Frago
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisca Díaz
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Purificacion Ros
- Department of Pediatrics, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Jiménez-Hernaiz
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandra Freire-Regatillo
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vicente Barrios
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Argente
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Jesús Argente
| | - Julie A. Chowen
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- Julie A. Chowen
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Chen D, Zhao H, Gao X, Chen S, Liu H, Zhang J, Zhang J, Meng M. Subcutaneous administration of α-GalCer activates iNKT10 cells to promote M2 macrophage polarization and ameliorates chronic inflammation of obese adipose tissue. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 77:105948. [PMID: 31629216 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The role of iNKT cells was investigated in chronic adipose tissue inflammation in obese mice after administration of α-GalCer in different pathways. METHODS C57BL/6J mice were fed high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks to establish the obese mouse model. The pathology of adipose tissue was observed by H&E staining. The rates of iNKT cells, macrophages and cell subsets in adipose tissue were detected by FCM. Cytokine levels in serum and adipose tissue lymphocyte-stimulated supernatants were assessed with the CBA kit. The expression levels of related transcription factor in adipose tissue were detected by Western blot. RESULTS The proportions of iNKT cells, iNKT10 cells and M2 macrophages were decreased, while those of iNKT1 and M1 macrophages were increased in adipose tissue of HFD-fed mice. The expression levels of the related transcriptional proteins E4BP4 and Arg-1 were decreased while iNOS expression was increased in adipose tissue. Administration of α-GalCer by subcutaneous injection resulted in increased rates of iNKT10 cells and M2 macrophages, and decreased amounts of M1 macrophages in adipose tissue of HFD-fed mice. The expression of E4BP4 and Arg-1 were up-regulated, but iNOS was down-regulated. Meanwhile, infiltration of inflammatory cells into adipose tissue was further reduced. CONCLUSION The imbalance between the proportions of iNKT1 and iNKT10 cells may be involved in the development of chronic inflammation in obese adipose tissue. Administration of α-GalCer by subcutaneous injection in HFD-fed mice activates adipose tissue iNKT10 cells, which promote M2 macrophage polarization and improve chronic inflammation in obese adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongzhi Chen
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, Hebei Province, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis Mechanism and Control of Inflammatory-autoimmune Diseases in Hebei Province, Baoding, PR China
| | - Huijuan Zhao
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, Hebei Province, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis Mechanism and Control of Inflammatory-autoimmune Diseases in Hebei Province, Baoding, PR China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, Hebei Province, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis Mechanism and Control of Inflammatory-autoimmune Diseases in Hebei Province, Baoding, PR China
| | - Shengde Chen
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, Hebei Province, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis Mechanism and Control of Inflammatory-autoimmune Diseases in Hebei Province, Baoding, PR China
| | - Huifang Liu
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, Hebei Province, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis Mechanism and Control of Inflammatory-autoimmune Diseases in Hebei Province, Baoding, PR China
| | - Jingnan Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, Hebei Province, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis Mechanism and Control of Inflammatory-autoimmune Diseases in Hebei Province, Baoding, PR China
| | - Jinku Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The First Centre Hospital of Baoding, Baoding, Hebei Province, PR China
| | - Ming Meng
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, Hebei Province, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis Mechanism and Control of Inflammatory-autoimmune Diseases in Hebei Province, Baoding, PR China.
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Sinden DS, Holman CD, Bare CJ, Sun X, Gade AR, Cohen DE, Pitt GS. Knockout of the X-linked Fgf13 in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus impairs sympathetic output to brown fat and causes obesity. FASEB J 2019; 33:11579-11594. [PMID: 31339804 PMCID: PMC6994920 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901178r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor (FGF)13, a nonsecreted, X-linked, FGF homologous factor, is differentially expressed in adipocytes in response to diet, yet Fgf13's role in metabolism has not been explored. Heterozygous Fgf13 knockouts fed normal chow and housed at 22°C showed hyperactivity accompanying reduced core temperature and obesity when housed at 30°C. Those heterozygous knockouts showed defects in thermogenesis even at 30°C and an inability to protect core temperature. Surprisingly, we detected trivial FGF13 in adipose of wild-type mice fed normal chow and no obesity in adipose-specific heterozygous knockouts housed at 30°C, and we detected an intact brown fat response through exogenous β3 agonist stimulation, suggesting a defect in sympathetic drive to brown adipose tissue. In contrast, hypothalamic-specific ablation of Fgf13 recapitulated weight gain at 30°C. Norepinephrine turnover in brown fat was reduced at both housing temperatures. Thus, our data suggest that impaired CNS regulation of sympathetic activation of brown fat underlies obesity and thermogenesis in Fgf13 heterozygous knockouts fed normal chow.-Sinden, D. S., Holman, C. D., Bare, C. J., Sun, X., Gade, A. R., Cohen, D. E., Pitt, G. S. Knockout of the X-linked Fgf13 in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus impairs sympathetic output to brown fat and causes obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S. Sinden
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Corey D. Holman
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Curtis J. Bare
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Xiaolu Sun
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Aravind R. Gade
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - David E. Cohen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Geoffrey S. Pitt
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
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Shin BC, Ghosh S, Dai Y, Byun SY, Calkins KL, Devaskar SU. Early life high-fat diet exposure maintains glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity with a fatty liver and small brain size in the adult offspring. Nutr Res 2019; 69:67-81. [PMID: 31639589 PMCID: PMC6934265 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2019.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Diet during pregnancy has long lasting consequences on the offspring, warranting a study on the impact of early exposure to a high fat diet on the adult offspring. We hypothesized that a prenatal n-6 enriched diet will have adverse metabolic outcomes on the adult offspring that may be reversed with a postnatal n-3 enriched diet. To test this hypothesis, we examined the adult offspring from three groups: (1) n-6 group: during gestation and lactation, dams consumed an n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid enriched diet, (2) n-3 group: gestational n-6 diet was followed by an n-3 enriched diet during lactation, and (3) a control (CD) group that received standard diet throughout gestation and lactation. Offspring from all groups weaned to a control diet ad libitum. Beginning at postnatal day 2 (P < .03) and persisting at 360 days in males (P < .04), an increase in hypothalamic AgRP expression occurred in the n-6 and n-3 groups, with an increase in food intake (P = .01), and the n-3 group displaying lower body (P < .03) and brain (P < .05) weights. At 360 days, the n-6 and n-3 groups remained glucose tolerant and insulin sensitive, with increased phosphorylated-AMP-activated protein kinase (P < .05). n-6 group developed hepatic steatosis with reduced hepatic reflected as higher plasma microRNA-122 (P < .04) that targets pAMPK. We conclude that early life exposure to n-6 and n-3 led to hypothalamic AgRP-related higher food intake, with n-6 culminating in a fatty liver partially mitigated by postnatal n-3. While both diets preserved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, postnatal n-3 displayed detrimental effects on the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Chul Shin
- Division of Neonatology and Developmental Biology, Neonatal Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1752
| | - Shubhamoy Ghosh
- Division of Neonatology and Developmental Biology, Neonatal Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1752
| | - Yun Dai
- Division of Neonatology and Developmental Biology, Neonatal Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1752
| | - Shin Yun Byun
- Division of Neonatology and Developmental Biology, Neonatal Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1752
| | - Kara L Calkins
- Division of Neonatology and Developmental Biology, Neonatal Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1752
| | - Sherin U Devaskar
- Division of Neonatology and Developmental Biology, Neonatal Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1752.
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Quiclet C, Dittberner N, Gässler A, Stadion M, Gerst F, Helms A, Baumeier C, Schulz TJ, Schürmann A. Pancreatic adipocytes mediate hypersecretion of insulin in diabetes-susceptible mice. Metabolism 2019; 97:9-17. [PMID: 31108105 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ectopic fat accumulation in the pancreas in response to obesity and its implication on the onset of type 2 diabetes remain poorly understood. Intermittent fasting (IF) is known to improve glucose homeostasis and insulinresistance. However, the effects of IF on fat in the pancreas and β-cell function remain largely unknown. Our aim was to evaluate the impact of IF on pancreatic fat accumulation and its effects on islet function. METHODS New Zealand Obese (NZO) mice were fed a high-fat diet ad libitum (NZO-AL) or fasted every other day (intermittent fasting, NZO-IF) and pancreatic fat accumulation, glucose homoeostasis, insulin sensitivity, and islet function were determined and compared to ad libitum-fed B6.V-Lepob/ob (ob/ob) mice. To investigate the crosstalk of pancreatic adipocytes and islets, co-culture experiments were performed. RESULTS NZO-IF mice displayed better glucose homeostasis and lower fat accumulation in both the pancreas (-32%) and the liver (-35%) than NZO-AL mice. Ob/ob animals were insulin-resistant and had low fat in the pancreas but high fat in the liver. NZO-AL mice showed increased fat accumulation in both organs and exhibited an impaired islet function. Co-culture experiments demonstrated that pancreatic adipocytes induced a hypersecretion of insulin and released higher levels of free fatty acids than adipocytes of inguinal white adipose tissue. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that pancreatic fat participates in diabetes development, but can be prevented byIF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charline Quiclet
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Nicole Dittberner
- Department of Adipocyte Development and Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), 14558 Nuthetal, Germany.
| | - Anneke Gässler
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Mandy Stadion
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg 85764, Germany.
| | - Felicia Gerst
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg 85764, Germany; Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Center Munich, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Anett Helms
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg 85764, Germany.
| | - Christian Baumeier
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Tim J Schulz
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg 85764, Germany; Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Center Munich, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany.
| | - Annette Schürmann
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg 85764, Germany; Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany.
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Magnuson AM, Regan DP, Booth AD, Fouts JK, Solt CM, Hill JL, Dow SW, Foster MT. High-fat diet induced central adiposity (visceral fat) is associated with increased fibrosis and decreased immune cellularity of the mesenteric lymph node in mice. Eur J Nutr 2019; 59:1641-1654. [PMID: 31165249 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-019-02019-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Accumulation of visceral, but not subcutaneous, adipose tissue is highly associated with metabolic disease. Inflammation inciting from adipose tissue is commonly associated with metabolic disease risk and comorbidities. However, constituents of the immune system, lymph nodes, embedded within these adipose depots remain under-investigated. We hypothesize that, lymph nodes are inherently distinct and differentially respond to diet-induced obesity much like the adipose depots they reside in. METHODS Adipose tissue and lymph nodes were collected from the visceral and inguinal depots of male mice fed 13 weeks of standard CHOW or high fat diet (HFD). Immune cells were isolated from tissues, counted and characterized by flow cytometry or plated for proliferative capacity following Concanavalin A stimulation. Lymph node size and fibrosis area were also characterized. RESULTS In HFD fed mice visceral adipose tissue accumulation was associated with significant enlargement of the lymph node encased within. The subcutaneous lymph node did not change. Compared with mice fed CHOW for 13 weeks, mice fed HFD had a decline in immune cell populations and immune cell proliferative ability, as well as, exacerbated fibrosis accumulation, within the visceral, but not subcutaneous, lymph node. CONCLUSIONS Obesity-induced chronic low-grade inflammation is associated with impaired immunity and increased susceptibility to disease. Excessive visceral adiposity and associated inflammation driven by diet likely leads to obesity-induced immune suppression by way of lymph node/lymphatic system pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron M Magnuson
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, 1571 Campus Delivery, 500 West Lake Street, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Daniel P Regan
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Andrea D Booth
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, 1571 Campus Delivery, 500 West Lake Street, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Josephine K Fouts
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, 1571 Campus Delivery, 500 West Lake Street, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Claudia M Solt
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, 1571 Campus Delivery, 500 West Lake Street, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Jessica L Hill
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, 1571 Campus Delivery, 500 West Lake Street, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Steve W Dow
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Michelle T Foster
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, 1571 Campus Delivery, 500 West Lake Street, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA.
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Soto JE, Burnett CM, Eyck PT, Abel ED, Grobe JL. Comparison of the Effects of High-Fat Diet on Energy Flux in Mice Using Two Multiplexed Metabolic Phenotyping Systems. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2019; 27:793-802. [PMID: 30938081 PMCID: PMC6478533 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Multiplexed metabolic phenotyping systems are available from multiple commercial vendors, and each system includes unique design features. Although expert opinion supports strengths and weaknesses of each design, empirical data from carefully controlled studies to test the biological impact of design differences are lacking. METHODS Wild-type C57BL/6J mice of both sexes underwent phenotyping in OxyMax (Columbus Instruments International) and Promethion (Sable Systems International) systems located within the same room of a newly constructed animal research facility in a crossover design study. Phenotypes were examined under chow (2920×)-fed conditions and again after 4 weeks of 60% high-fat diet (D12492) feeding. RESULTS Food intake, physical activity, and respiratory gas exchange data significantly diverged between systems, depending upon sex of animals and diet supplied. Estimates of energy expenditure based on gas exchange in both systems accounted for a fraction of consumed calories that was greater in males than females. CONCLUSIONS Design differences quantitatively impact the assessment of metabolic end points and thus the qualitative interpretation of various interventions. Importantly, current multiplexed systems remain blind to multiple additional end points, including digestive efficiency and selected forms of energy flux (nitrogenous, anaerobic, etc.), that account for a physiologically and/or pathophysiologically significant fraction of total energy flux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie E. Soto
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
- Department of Fraternal Order of Eagles’ Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Colin M.L. Burnett
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Patrick Ten Eyck
- Department of Institute for Clinical and Translational Science, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - E. Dale Abel
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
- Department of Fraternal Order of Eagles’ Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
- Department of Obesity Research & Education Initiative, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
- Department of Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Justin L. Grobe
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
- Department of Fraternal Order of Eagles’ Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
- Department of Obesity Research & Education Initiative, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
- Department of UIHC Center for Hypertension Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
- Department of Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
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Tarigan TJE, Khumaedi AI, Wafa S, Johan M, Abdullah M, Surono IS, Tahapary DL. Determinant of postprandial triglyceride levels in healthy young adults. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2019; 13:1917-1921. [PMID: 31235115 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2019.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fasting lipid profile does not necessarily illustrate the exact lipid dynamic in 24 h as human spends most of their time in postprandial state. Postprandial triglyceride (TG) has been reported to have advantages compared to fasting TG in terms of practicality and ability to predict cardiovascular events. This study aims to assess the determinant of postprandial TG in healthy young adults. METHODS This is a quasy-experimental study that involved 200 healthy young adults. This study compared fasting with postprandial TG and analyzed the relationship between postprandial TG with various demographic and metabolic parameters after ingestion of standardized high fat liquid meal. RESULT There was an upward trend from fasting TG to 2 h postprandial TG and 4 h postprandial TG. There was strong correlation between fasting TG and 2 h postprandial TG with 4 h postprandial TG (r = 0.731; p < 0.0001 dan r = 0.669; p < 0.0001, respectively). Whereas body mass index (BMI) and age showed weak correlation with 4 h postprandial TG (r = 0.141; p < 0.0001 dan r = 0.0747; p < 0.0001), fasting TG was the strongest predictor of 4 h postprandial TG (r = 0.669, B = 1.722 (95% CI 1.552 to 1.892), p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION Fasting TG was the strongest determinant of 4 h postprandial TG in healthy young adults. We also observed strong correlation between 4 h postprandial TG and fasting TG. Hence, 4 h postprandial TG might potentially replaced fasting TG when measurement of fasting TG is not feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tri J E Tarigan
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Ciptomangunkusumo National General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia; Metabolic, Cardiovascular, and Aging Cluster, The Indonesian Medical Education and Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia.
| | - Anandhara I Khumaedi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Ciptomangunkusumo National General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia
| | - Syahidatul Wafa
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Ciptomangunkusumo National General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia
| | - Michael Johan
- Metabolic, Cardiovascular, and Aging Cluster, The Indonesian Medical Education and Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia
| | - Murdani Abdullah
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Ciptomangunkusumo National General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia
| | - Ingrid S Surono
- Department of Food Technology, Bina Nusantara University, Indonesia
| | - Dicky L Tahapary
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Ciptomangunkusumo National General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia; Metabolic, Cardiovascular, and Aging Cluster, The Indonesian Medical Education and Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia
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Di Lascio N, Kusmic C, Rossi C, Solini A, Faita F. Alterations in Carotid Parameters in ApoE-/- Mice Treated with a High-Fat Diet: A Micro-ultrasound Analysis. Ultrasound Med Biol 2019; 45:980-988. [PMID: 30712947 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Information on the common carotid artery and cerebral microcirculation can be obtained by micro-ultrasound (µUS). The aim of the study described here was to investigate high-fat diet-induced alterations in vascular parameters in ApoE-/- mice. Twenty-two ApoE-/- male mice were examined by µUS and divided into the standard diet (ApoE-/-SD) and high-fat diet (ApoE-/-HF) groups. The µUS examination was repeated after 4 mo (T1). Carotid stiffness, reflection magnitude and reflection index were measured; the amplitudes of the first (W1) and second (W2) local maxima, the local minimum (Wb) and the reflection index (RIWIA = Wb/W1) were assessed with wave intensity analysis. At T1, ApoE-/-HF mice had increased carotid stiffness (1.48 [0.36] vs. 1.88 [0.51]) and reflection magnitude (0.89 [0.07] vs. 0.94 [0.07]) values. Longitudinal comparisons highlighted increases in carotid stiffness for ApoE-/-HF mice (from 1.37 [0.25] to 1.88 [0.51] m/s) but not for ApoE-/-SD mice (from 1.40 [0.62] to 1.48 [0.36] m/s). ApoE-/-HF mice exhibited carotid artery stiffening and increased wave reflections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Di Lascio
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, Pisa, Italy; Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy.
| | | | - Chiara Rossi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Anna Solini
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular, and Critical Area Pathology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Peris‐Sampedro F, Mounib M, Schéle E, Edvardsson CE, Stoltenborg I, Adan RAH, Dickson SL. Impact of Free-Choice Diets High in Fat and Different Sugars on Metabolic Outcome and Anxiety-Like Behavior in Rats. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2019; 27:409-419. [PMID: 30699240 PMCID: PMC6590171 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Rats were exposed to free-choice diets (fat plus one of two different sugar solutions, glucose or sucrose), and the metabolic consequences and impact on locomotor activity and anxiety-like behavior were explored. METHODS For 3 weeks, 7-week-old male rats were offered either chow only or free-choice high-fat diets differing in their added sugar: no sugar, sucrose, or glucose. In a second experiment, after 2 weeks on the diets, rats were switched from high sucrose to high glucose for two additional weeks. Metabolic end points included body weight, food intake, food choice, glycemic control, metabolic hormones, fat pad weight, brown adipose tissue weight, and gene expression. Behavioral analysis included locomotor and anxiety-like activity in the open field and elevated plus maze. RESULTS Both sugar diets enhanced adiposity and induced hyperphagia, favoring unhealthier dietary selection above that of the control diets (chow or free-choice high-fat with no sugar). Despite isocaloric intake in the sugar-containing diets, offering glucose instead of sucrose was associated with improved insulin sensitivity. The sugar-containing diets reduced activity (but with movements of increased velocity) and induced an anxiety-like phenotype. CONCLUSIONS Although free-choice diets negatively impacted on metabolism and anxiety-like behavior, replacing sucrose with glucose improved insulin sensitivity and may therefore be better for health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Peris‐Sampedro
- Department of Physiology/Endocrine, Institute of Neuroscience and PhysiologyThe Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Myriam Mounib
- Department of Physiology/Endocrine, Institute of Neuroscience and PhysiologyThe Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Erik Schéle
- Department of Physiology/Endocrine, Institute of Neuroscience and PhysiologyThe Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Christian E. Edvardsson
- Department of Physiology/Endocrine, Institute of Neuroscience and PhysiologyThe Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Iris Stoltenborg
- Department of Physiology/Endocrine, Institute of Neuroscience and PhysiologyThe Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Roger A. H. Adan
- Department of Physiology/Endocrine, Institute of Neuroscience and PhysiologyThe Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Translational NeuroscienceUniversity Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Suzanne L. Dickson
- Department of Physiology/Endocrine, Institute of Neuroscience and PhysiologyThe Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
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Yi HS. Implications of Mitochondrial Unfolded Protein Response and Mitokines: A Perspective on Fatty Liver Diseases. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2019; 34:39-46. [PMID: 30912337 PMCID: PMC6435852 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2019.34.1.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The signaling network of the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) and mitohormesis is a retrograde signaling pathway through which mitochondria-to-nucleus communication occurs in organisms. Recently, it has been shown that the UPRmt is closely associated with metabolic disorders and conditions involving insulin resistance, such as alcoholic and non-alcoholic fatty liver and fibrotic liver disease. Scientific efforts to understand the UPRmt and mitohormesis, as well as to establish the mitochondrial proteome, have established the importance of mitochondrial quality control in the development and progression of metabolic liver diseases, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). In this review, we integrate and discuss the recent data from the literature on the UPRmt and mitohormesis in metabolic liver diseases, including NAFLD/NASH and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyon Seung Yi
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea.
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Abulizi N, Quin C, Brown K, Chan YK, Gill SK, Gibson DL. Gut Mucosal Proteins and Bacteriome Are Shaped by the Saturation Index of Dietary Lipids. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11020418. [PMID: 30781503 PMCID: PMC6412740 DOI: 10.3390/nu11020418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The dynamics of the tripartite relationship between the host, gut bacteria and diet in the gut is relatively unknown. An imbalance between harmful and protective gut bacteria, termed dysbiosis, has been linked to many diseases and has most often been attributed to high-fat dietary intake. However, we recently clarified that the type of fat, not calories, were important in the development of murine colitis. To further understand the host-microbe dynamic in response to dietary lipids, we fed mice isocaloric high-fat diets containing either milk fat, corn oil or olive oil and performed 16S rRNA gene sequencing of the colon microbiome and mass spectrometry-based relative quantification of the colonic metaproteome. The corn oil diet, rich in omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, increased the potential for pathobiont survival and invasion in an inflamed, oxidized and damaged gut while saturated fatty acids promoted compensatory inflammatory responses involved in tissue healing. We conclude that various lipids uniquely alter the host-microbe interaction in the gut. While high-fat consumption has a distinct impact on the gut microbiota, the type of fatty acids alters the relative microbial abundances and predicted functions. These results support that the type of fat are key to understanding the biological effects of high-fat diets on gut health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nijiati Abulizi
- Department of Biology, IKBSAS, University of British Columbia, Okanagan campus, Kelowna V1V 1V7, Canada.
| | - Candice Quin
- Department of Biology, IKBSAS, University of British Columbia, Okanagan campus, Kelowna V1V 1V7, Canada.
| | - Kirsty Brown
- Department of Biology, IKBSAS, University of British Columbia, Okanagan campus, Kelowna V1V 1V7, Canada.
| | - Yee Kwan Chan
- Department of Biology, IKBSAS, University of British Columbia, Okanagan campus, Kelowna V1V 1V7, Canada.
| | - Sandeep K Gill
- Department of Biology, IKBSAS, University of British Columbia, Okanagan campus, Kelowna V1V 1V7, Canada.
| | - Deanna L Gibson
- Department of Biology, IKBSAS, University of British Columbia, Okanagan campus, Kelowna V1V 1V7, Canada.
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z3, Canada.
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Ducrocq F, Hyde A, Fanet H, Oummadi A, Walle R, De Smedt-Peyrusse V, Layé S, Ferreira G, Trifilieff P, Vancassel S. Decrease in Operant Responding Under Obesogenic Diet Exposure is not Related to Deficits in Incentive or Hedonic Processes. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2019; 27:255-263. [PMID: 30597761 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A growing body of evidence suggests that obesity could result from alterations in reward processing. In rodent models, chronic exposure to an obesogenic diet leads to blunted dopamine signaling and related incentive responding. This study aimed to determine which reward-related behavioral dimensions are actually impacted by obesogenic diet exposure. METHODS Mice were chronically exposed to an obesogenic diet. Incentive and hedonic processes were tested through operant conditioning and licking microstructures, respectively. In parallel, mesolimbic dopamine transmission was assessed using microdialysis. RESULTS Prolonged high-fat (HF) diet exposure led to blunted mesolimbic dopamine release, paralleled by a decrease in operant responding in all schedules tested. HF-fed and control animals similarly decreased their operant responding in an effort-based choice task, and HF-fed animals displayed an overall lower calorie intake in this task. Analysis of the licking microstructures during consumption of a freely accessible reward suggested a decrease in basal hunger and a potentiation of gastrointestinal inhibition in HF-fed animals, without changes in hedonic reactivity. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the decrease in operant responding under prolonged HF diet exposure is mainly driven by decrease in hunger as well as stronger postingestive negative feedback mechanisms, rather than by a decrease in incentive or hedonic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Ducrocq
- INRA, Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France
- Université de Bordeaux, France
| | - Alexia Hyde
- INRA, Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France
- Université de Bordeaux, France
| | - Hortense Fanet
- INRA, Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France
- Université de Bordeaux, France
- OptiNutriBrain, International Associated Laboratory (NutriNeuro France-INAF Canada), Bordeaux, France
| | - Asma Oummadi
- INRA, Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France
- Université de Bordeaux, France
| | - Roman Walle
- INRA, Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France
- Université de Bordeaux, France
| | - Véronique De Smedt-Peyrusse
- INRA, Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France
- Université de Bordeaux, France
- OptiNutriBrain, International Associated Laboratory (NutriNeuro France-INAF Canada), Bordeaux, France
| | - Sophie Layé
- INRA, Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France
- Université de Bordeaux, France
- OptiNutriBrain, International Associated Laboratory (NutriNeuro France-INAF Canada), Bordeaux, France
| | - Guillaume Ferreira
- INRA, Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France
- Université de Bordeaux, France
- OptiNutriBrain, International Associated Laboratory (NutriNeuro France-INAF Canada), Bordeaux, France
| | - Pierre Trifilieff
- INRA, Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France
- Université de Bordeaux, France
- OptiNutriBrain, International Associated Laboratory (NutriNeuro France-INAF Canada), Bordeaux, France
| | - Sylvie Vancassel
- INRA, Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France
- Université de Bordeaux, France
- OptiNutriBrain, International Associated Laboratory (NutriNeuro France-INAF Canada), Bordeaux, France
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Silva CB, Fassini PG, Ramalho LNZ, da Conceição EC, Zordan AJCM, Carlos D, Suen VMM. Curcuma supplementation in high-fat-fed C57BL/6 mice: no beneficial effect on lipid and glucose profile or prevention of weight gain. Eur J Nutr 2019; 59:93-102. [PMID: 30604178 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-018-1887-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This experimental study investigated the effects of curcuma supplementation on weight gain, Body Adiposity Index, glucose and lipid profile, and liver and pancreas histology in C57BL/6 mice fed with a high-fat diet. METHODS 40 animals were separated into four groups: standard diet (SD), standard diet plus curcuma (SD + C), high-fat diet (HFD), and high-fat diet plus curcuma (HFD + C). Curcuma dose was 8 mg/animal/day. Histological and biochemical analyses were performed at the end of the experimental period. RESULTS Curcuma prevented weight gain, despite a higher food intake, and increased brown adipose tissue weight only in mice receiving standard diet. However, these changes were not observed in HFD + C group. The groups that received curcuma (SD + C and HFD + C) showed a pancreas with diffuse macro- and microgoticular steatosis. CONCLUSIONS Curcuma supplementation did not prevent weight gain or improved glucose and lipid profile in mice receiving high-fat diet. Furthermore, there was evidence of possible curcuma toxicity in the pancreas of C57BL/6 mice. The implications of these findings on humans still need to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Bertoncini Silva
- Division of Nutrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, CEP 14049-900, Brazil.
| | - Priscila Giacomo Fassini
- Division of Nutrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, CEP 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Leandra Náira Zambelli Ramalho
- Departament of Pathology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, CEP 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Edemilson Cardoso da Conceição
- Faculty of Pharmacy of Federal University of Goiás, Rua 240, esquina com 5ª Avenida, s/n, Setor Leste Universitário, Goiânia, Goiás, CEP 74605-170, Brazil
| | - Aline José Coelho Moreira Zordan
- Division of Nutrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, CEP 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Daniela Carlos
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, CEP 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Vivian Marques Miguel Suen
- Division of Nutrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, CEP 14049-900, Brazil
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Speretta GF, Lemes EV, Vendramini RC, Menani JV, Zoccal DB, Colombari E, Colombari DSA, Bassi M. High-fat diet increases respiratory frequency and abdominal expiratory motor activity during hypercapnia. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2018; 258:32-39. [PMID: 30308245 PMCID: PMC6317333 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Breathing disorders are commonly observed in association with obesity. Here we tested whether high-fat diet (HFD) impairs the chemoreflex ventilatory response. Male Holtzman rats (300-320 g) were fed with standard chow diet (SD) or HFD for 12 weeks. Then, tidal volume (VT), respiratory frequency (fR) and pulmonary ventilation (VE) were determined in conscious rats during basal condition, hypercapnia (7% or 10% CO2) or hypoxia (7% O2). The mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR) and baroreflex sensitivity were also evaluated in conscious rats. A group of anesthetized rats was used for the measurements of the activity of inspiratory (diaphragm) and expiratory (abdominal) muscles under the same gas conditions. Baseline fR, VT and VE were similar between SD and HFD rats. During hypercapnia, the increase of fR was exacerbated in conscious HFD rats (60 ± 3, vs. SD: 47 ± 3 Δ breaths.min-1, P < 0.05). In anesthetized rats, hypercapnia strongly increased abdominal muscle activity in HFD group (238 ± 27, vs. basal condition: 100 ± 0.3%; P < 0.05), without significant change in SD group (129 ± 2.1, vs. basal condition: 100 ± 0.8%; P = 0.34). The ventilatory responses to hypoxia were similar between groups. In conscious HFD rats, MAP and HR were elevated and the baroreflex function was impaired (P < 0.05). These data demonstrated that 12 weeks of HFD exaggerate the ventilatory response activated by hypercapnia. The mechanisms involved in these responses need more investigation in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme F Speretta
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
| | - Eduardo Vieira Lemes
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Regina C Vendramini
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - José V Menani
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniel B Zoccal
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Colombari
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Débora S A Colombari
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Mirian Bassi
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
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Sun D, Heianza Y, Li X, Shang X, Smith SR, Bray GA, Sacks FM, Qi L. Genetic, epigenetic and transcriptional variations at NFATC2IP locus with weight loss in response to diet interventions: The POUNDS Lost Trial. Diabetes Obes Metab 2018; 20:2298-2303. [PMID: 29693310 PMCID: PMC6105429 DOI: 10.1111/dom.13333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
DNA Methylation of NFATC2IP was recently identified as being causally related to body mass index. The present study aimed to examine the roles of the genetic variation, methylation and gene expression at this locus in adiposity changes in a 2-year weight-loss trial. Participants (n = 692) were genotyped and randomly assigned to 1 of the 4 reduced-calorie diets, DNA methylation was derived from stored blood samples at baseline (n = 48), and adipose tissue gene expression was measured in 96 volunteers. We found significant interactions of fat intake with the genetic (rs11150675) and transcriptional (ILMN_1725441) variations at the NFATC2IP locus on 2-year weight change (Pinteraction < .01). Similarly, cis-DNA methylation at cg26663590 of the NFATC2IP locus showed an opposite impact on weight-loss in response to high-fat vs low-fat diet (effect size, 4.62 vs -1.24 kg). Additionally, baseline methylation at cg26663590 causally mediated 52.8% of the effect of rs11150675 on 2-year weight-loss in the high-fat diet group (P = .01), whereas no such mediation was observed in the low-fat diet group. Our findings suggest potentially causal effects of genetic, epigenetic and transcriptional variations at the NFATC2IP locus on adiposity changes in response to dietary fat intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianjianyi Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA
| | - Yoriko Heianza
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA
| | | | - Steven R. Smith
- Translational Research Institute (TRI), Florida Hospital, Orlando, FL
| | - George A. Bray
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center/LSU, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Frank M. Sacks
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Lu Qi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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Toledo M, Batista-Gonzalez A, Merheb E, Aoun ML, Tarabra E, Feng D, Sarparanta J, Merlo P, Botrè F, Schwartz GJ, Pessin JE, Singh R. Autophagy Regulates the Liver Clock and Glucose Metabolism by Degrading CRY1. Cell Metab 2018; 28:268-281.e4. [PMID: 29937374 PMCID: PMC6082686 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The circadian clock coordinates behavioral and circadian cues with availability and utilization of nutrients. Proteasomal degradation of clock repressors, such as cryptochrome (CRY)1, maintains periodicity. Whether macroautophagy, a quality control pathway, degrades circadian proteins remains unknown. Here we show that circadian proteins BMAL1, CLOCK, REV-ERBα, and CRY1 are lysosomal targets, and that macroautophagy affects the circadian clock by selectively degrading CRY1. Autophagic degradation of CRY1, an inhibitor of gluconeogenesis, occurs in a diurnal window when rodents rely on gluconeogenesis, suggesting that CRY1 degradation is time-imprinted to maintenance of blood glucose. High-fat feeding accelerates autophagic CRY1 degradation and contributes to obesity-associated hyperglycemia. CRY1 contains several light chain 3 (LC3)-interacting region (LIR) motifs, which facilitate the interaction of cargo proteins with the autophagosome marker LC3. Using mutational analyses, we identified two distinct LIRs on CRY1 that exert circadian glycemic control by regulating CRY1 degradation, revealing LIRs as potential targets for controlling hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Toledo
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Ana Batista-Gonzalez
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Emilio Merheb
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Marie Louise Aoun
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Elena Tarabra
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Daorong Feng
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Jaakko Sarparanta
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Paola Merlo
- Laboratorio Antidoping, Federazione Medico Sportiva Italiana, Largo Giulio Onesti 1, Rome, RM 00197, Italy
| | - Francesco Botrè
- Laboratorio Antidoping, Federazione Medico Sportiva Italiana, Largo Giulio Onesti 1, Rome, RM 00197, Italy; Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, Rome, RM 00161, Italy
| | - Gary J Schwartz
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Jeffrey E Pessin
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Rajat Singh
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
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Tanajak P, Pongkan W, Chattipakorn SC, Chattipakorn N. Increased plasma FGF21 level as an early biomarker for insulin resistance and metabolic disturbance in obese insulin-resistant rats. Diab Vasc Dis Res 2018; 15:263-269. [PMID: 29424246 DOI: 10.1177/1479164118757152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Propose: To investigate the temporal relationship between plasma fibroblast growth factor 21 levels, insulin resistance, metabolic dysfunction and cardiac fibroblast growth factor 21 resistance in long-term high-fat diet-induced obese rats. METHODS In total, 36 male Wistar rats were fed with either a normal diet or high-fat diet for 12 weeks. Blood was collected from the tail tip, and plasma was used to determine metabolic profiles and fibroblast growth factor 21 levels. Rats were sacrificed at weeks 4, 8 and 12, and the hearts were rapidly removed for the determination of cardiac fibroblast growth factor 21 signalling pathways. RESULTS Body weight and plasma fibroblast growth factor 21 levels were increased after 4 weeks of consumption of a high-fat diet. At weeks 8 and 12, high-fat diet rats had significantly increased body weight and plasma fibroblast growth factor 21 levels, together with increased plasma insulin, HOMA index, area under the curve of glucose, plasma total cholesterol, plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, serum malondialdehyde and cardiac malondialdehyde levels. However, plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and cardiac fibroblast growth factor 21 signalling proteins (p-FGFR1 Tyr154, p-ERK1/2 Thr202/Tyr204 and p-Akt Ser473) were decreased, compared with normal diet rats. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that plasma fibroblast growth factor 21 levels could be an early predictive biomarker prior to the development of insulin resistance, metabolic disturbance and cardiac fibroblast growth factor 21 resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pongpan Tanajak
- 1 Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- 2 Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- 3 Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Wanpitak Pongkan
- 1 Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- 4 Division of Veterinary Pre-clinic, Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Siriporn C Chattipakorn
- 1 Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- 3 Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- 5 Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- 1 Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- 2 Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- 3 Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Martins IV, Rivers-Auty J, Allan SM, Lawrence CB. Mitochondrial Abnormalities and Synaptic Loss Underlie Memory Deficits Seen in Mouse Models of Obesity and Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 55:915-932. [PMID: 27802235 PMCID: PMC5278950 DOI: 10.3233/jad-160640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with impaired memory in humans, and obesity induced by high-fat diets leads to cognitive deficits in rodents and in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, it remains unclear how high-fat diets contribute to memory impairment. Therefore, we tested the effect of a high-fat diet on memory in male and female control non-transgenic (Non-Tg) and triple-transgenic AD (3xTgAD) mice and determined if a high-fat diet caused similar ultrastructural abnormalities to those observed in AD. Behavior was assessed in mice on control or high-fat diet at 4, 8, or 14 months of age and ultrastructural analysis at 8 months of age. A high-fat diet increased body weight, fat weight, and insulin levels with some differences in these metabolic responses observed between Non-Tg and 3xTgAD mice. In both sexes, high-fat feeding caused memory impairments in Non-Tg mice and accelerated memory deficits in 3xTgAD mice. In 3xTgAD mice, changes in hippocampal mitochondrial morphology were observed in capillaries and brain neuropil that were accompanied by a reduction in synapse number. A high-fat diet also caused mitochondria abnormalities and a reduction in synapse number in Non-Tg mice, but did not exacerbate the changes seen in 3xTgAD mice. Our data demonstrate that a high-fat diet affected memory in Non-Tg mice and produced similar impairments in mitochondrial morphology and synapse number comparable to those seen in AD mice, suggesting that the detrimental effects of a high-fat diet on memory might be due to changes in mitochondrial morphology leading to a reduction in synaptic number.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Catherine B. Lawrence
- Correspondence to: Catherine B. Lawrence, PhD, Faculty of Life Sciences, A.V. Hill Building, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK. Tel.: +44 161 275 5253; E-mail:
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48
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Brings A, Borghardt JM, Skarbaliene J, Baader-Pagler T, Deryabina MA, Rist W, Scheuerer S. Modeling energy intake and body weight effects of a long-acting amylin analogue. J Pharmacokinet Pharmacodyn 2017; 45:215-233. [PMID: 29170989 DOI: 10.1007/s10928-017-9557-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The inhibitory effect of anti-obesity drugs on energy intake (EI) is counter-acted by feedback regulation of the appetite control circuit leading to drug tolerance. This complicates the design and interpretation of EI studies in rodents that are used for anti-obesity drug development. Here, we investigated a synthetic long-acting analogue of the appetite-suppressing peptide hormone amylin (LAMY) in lean and diet-induced obese (DIO) rats. EI and body weight (BW) were measured daily and LAMY concentrations in plasma were assessed using defined time points following subcutaneous administration of the LAMY at different dosing regimens. Overall, 6 pharmacodynamic (PD) studies including a total of 173 rats were considered in this evaluation. Treatment caused a dose-dependent reduction in EI and BW, although multiple dosing indicated the development of tolerance over time. This behavior could be adequately described by a population model including homeostatic feedback of EI and a turnover model describing the relationship between EI and BW. The model was evaluated by testing its ability to predict BW loss in a toxicology study and was utilized to improve the understanding of dosing regimens for obesity therapy. As such, the model proved to be a valuable tool for the design and interpretation of rodent studies used in anti-obesity drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Brings
- Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, 88397, Biberach, Germany
| | - Jens Markus Borghardt
- Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, 88397, Biberach, Germany
| | | | - Tamara Baader-Pagler
- Cardiometabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, 88397, Biberach, Germany
| | | | - Wolfgang Rist
- Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, 88397, Biberach, Germany
| | - Stefan Scheuerer
- Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, 88397, Biberach, Germany.
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Abstract
The cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) is an essential regulator of lipid and glucose metabolism that plays a critical role in energy homeostasis. The impact of diet on PKA signaling has not been defined, although perturbations in individual PKA subunits are associated with changes in adiposity, physical activity and energy intake in mice and humans. We hypothesized that a high fat diet (HFD) would elicit peripheral and central alterations in the PKA system that would differ depending on length of exposure to HFD; these differences could protect against or promote diet-induced obesity (DIO). 12-week-old C57Bl/6J mice were randomly assigned to a regular diet or HFD and weighed weekly throughout the feeding studies (4 days, 14 weeks; respectively), and during killing. PKA activity and subunit expression were measured in liver, gonadal adipose tissue (AT) and brain. Acute HFD-feeding suppressed basal hepatic PKA activity. In contrast, hepatic and hypothalamic PKA activities were significantly increased after chronic HFD-feeding. Changes in AT were more subtle, and overall, altered PKA regulation in response to chronic HFD exposure was more profound in female mice. The suppression of hepatic PKA activity after 4 day HFD-feeding was indicative of a protective peripheral effect against obesity in the context of overnutrition. In response to chronic HFD-feeding, and with the development of DIO, dysregulated hepatic and hypothalamic PKA signaling was a signature of obesity that is likely to promote further metabolic dysfunction in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edra London
- Section on Endocrinology and GeneticsProgram on Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Maria Nesterova
- Section on Endocrinology and GeneticsProgram on Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Constantine A Stratakis
- Section on Endocrinology and GeneticsProgram on Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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50
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Sigruener A, Wolfrum C, Boettcher A, Kopf T, Liebisch G, Orsó E, Schmitz G. Lipidomic and metabolic changes in the P4-type ATPase ATP10D deficient C57BL/6J wild type mice upon rescue of ATP10D function. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178368. [PMID: 28542499 PMCID: PMC5444826 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sequence variants near the human gene for P4-type ATPase, class V, type 10D (ATP10D) were shown to significantly associate with circulating hexosylceramide d18:1/16:0 and d18:1/24:1 levels, obesity, insulin resistance, plasma high density lipoprotein (HDL), coronary stenotic index and intracranial atherosclerotic index. In mice Atp10d is associated with HDL modulation and C57BL/6 mice expressing a truncated, non-functional form of ATP10D easily develop obesity and insulin resistance on high-fat diet. Results We analyzed metabolic differences of ATP10D deficient C57BL/6J wild type and ATP10D transgenic C57BL/6J BAC129 mice. ATP10D transgenic mice gain 25% less weight on high-fat diet concomitant with a reduced increase in fat cell mass but independent of adipocyte size change. ATP10D transgenic mice also had 26% lower triacylglycerol levels with approximately 76% bound to very low density lipoprotein while in ATP10D deficient wild type mice 57% are bound to low density lipoprotein. Furthermore increased oxygen consumption and CO2 production, 38% lower glucose and 69% lower insulin levels and better insulin sensitivity were observed in ATP10D transgenic mice. Besides decreased hexosylceramide species levels were detected. Part of these effects may be due to reduced hepatic stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) expression in ATP10D transgenic mice, which was reflected by altered fatty acid and lipid species patterns. There was a significant decrease in the hepatic 18:1 to 18:0 free fatty acid ratio in transgenic mice. The ratio of 16:1 to 16:0 was not significantly different. Interestingly both ratios were significantly reduced in plasma total fatty acids. Summary In summary we found that ATP10D reduces high-fat diet induced obesity and improves insulin sensitivity. ATP10D transgenic mice showed altered hepatic expression of lipid-metabolism associated genes, including Scd1, along with changes in hepatic and plasma lipid species and plasma lipoprotein pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Sigruener
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Regensburg University Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Christian Wolfrum
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Alfred Boettcher
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Regensburg University Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Kopf
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Regensburg University Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Liebisch
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Regensburg University Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Evelyn Orsó
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Regensburg University Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gerd Schmitz
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Regensburg University Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany
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