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Attarianfar M, Mikani A, Mehrabadi M. Fenoxycarb exposure affects antiviral immunity and HaNPV infection in the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera. Pest Manag Sci 2023; 79:1078-1085. [PMID: 36424349 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Application of insect growth regulators (IGR) is a good option for insect pest management because of their fewer adverse effects on humans and domestic animals. These compounds are capable of interfering with normal growth and development by mimicking the actions of hormones such as juvenile hormone (JH) or ecdysone. The effect of JH and its analogs on some aspects of insect immunity has been determined, yet their possible effects on antiviral immunity response has not been investigated yet. Considering the importance of antiviral response in viral replication, in this study the effects of the JH analog (JHA), fenoxycarb on the antiviral immunity pathway core genes [i.e. micro (mi)RNA, small interfering (si)RNA and apoptosis] of Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) larvae were investigated. The effect of fenoxycarb on the susceptibility of the larvae to H. armigera nuclear polyhedrosis virus (HaNPV) also was assessed. RESULTS The results showed that the transcription level of miRNA (Dicer1, Ago1), siRNA (Dicer2, Ago2) and apoptosis (Caspase1, Caspase5) core genes in H. armigera larvae were decreased significantly after 24, 48 and 96 h feeding on a diet containing lethal and sublethal doses of fenoxycarb. Moreover, the mortality rate to HaNPV in the larvae treated with fenoxycarb increased compared to the control, leading to an increased replication of HaNPV. CONCLUSION Together, our results suggest that the antiviral immune system could be modulated by JHA and facilitate HaNPV replication in the larvae, increasing the mortality rate of the insect larvae. Understanding the effect of JHA on antiviral immunity is an important step toward the process of exploiting JHAs and viral pathogens to control insect pests. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Attarianfar
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azam Mikani
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mehrabadi
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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2
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Abstract
Emergence and spread of malaria vectors resistant to the available insecticides required a new and efficacious insecticide. Residual efficacy of Fludora® Fusion was evaluated against insecticide susceptible Anopheles arabiensis in ten circular huts similar to the residential huts. Fludora® Fusion WP-SB 56.25, FICAM WP80 and Clothianidin WG70 were sprayed, by experienced technician, on interior wall surfaces: paint, dung, smooth mud, and rough mud. WHO cone bioassays were carried out a month after spraying and thereafter on monthly intervals for 12 months. Knockdown was recorded at 60 minutes and mortality at 24 hours, 48 hours and 72 hours holding time post-exposure. Fludora Fusion induced 100% An. arabiensis mortality during the first four months post-treated on all surface types at 24 hours holding time post-exposure. Its activity remained over 80% from the fifth to the twelfth month post-treated on the surfaces with the exception of two assessment points, at seventh month and eleventh month, on paint and smooth mud surfaces. FICAM induced 100% mortality rate during the first 4 months and 92% mortality during the fifth month post-treatment on painted surfaces. Its activity was over 96% mortality 1-month post-treatment on smooth mud and rough mud surfaces and 92% mortality 2-month post-treatment on dung surfaces. Clothianidin caused 89% and 86% mortality 1-month post-treatment on smooth mud and rough mud surfaces. Fludora Fusion can be used as alternative indoor residual insecticide spraying against An. arabiensis in Ethiopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abebe Animut
- Medical Entomology, Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- * E-mail: ,
| | - Sebastian Horstmann
- Research & Development, Bayer AG Crop Science, Laboratory Vector Control, Field Testing, Monheim, Germany
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Mehyar N, Mashhour A, Islam I, Alhadrami HA, Tolah AM, Alghanem B, Alkhaldi S, Somaie BA, Al Ghobain M, Alobaida Y, Alaskar AS, Boudjelal M. Discovery of Zafirlukast as a novel SARS-CoV-2 helicase inhibitor using in silico modelling and a FRET-based assay. SAR QSAR Environ Res 2021; 32:963-983. [PMID: 34818959 DOI: 10.1080/1062936x.2021.1993995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus helicase is an essential enzyme required for viral replication/transcription pathways. Structural studies revealed a sulphate moiety that interacts with key residues within the nucleotide-binding site of the helicase. Compounds with a sulphoxide or a sulphone moiety could interfere with these interactions and consequently inhibit the enzyme. The molecular operating environment (MOE) was used to dock 189 sulphoxide and sulphone-containing FDA-approved compounds to the nucleotide-binding site. Zafirlukast, a leukotriene receptor antagonist used to treat chronic asthma, achieved the lowest docking score at -8.75 kcals/mol. The inhibitory effect of the compounds on the SARS-CoV-2 helicase dsDNA unwinding activity was tested by a FRET-based assay. Zafirlukast was the only compound to inhibit the enzyme (IC50 = 16.3 µM). The treatment of Vero E6 cells with 25 µM zafirlukast prior to SARS-CoV-2 infection decreased the cytopathic effects of SARS-CoV-2 significantly. These results suggest that zafirlukast alleviates SARS-CoV-2 pathogenicity by inhibiting the viral helicase and impairing the viral replication/transcription pathway. Zafirlukast could be clinically developed as a new antiviral treatment for SARS-CoV-2 and other coronavirus diseases. This discovery is based on molecular modelling, in vitro inhibition of the SARS-CoV helicase activity and cell-based SARS-CoV-2 viral replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Mehyar
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - A Mashhour
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - I Islam
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - H A Alhadrami
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh, Saudi Arabia
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - A M Tolah
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh, Saudi Arabia
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - B Alghanem
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - S Alkhaldi
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - B A Somaie
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - M Al Ghobain
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Y Alobaida
- Sudair Pharmaceutical Co, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - A S Alaskar
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - M Boudjelal
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Poyraz Tinartas E, Goncu E, Koc K. Apoptotic and autophagic characteristics of perivisceral fat body remodeling of the greater wax moth Galleria mellonella and effects of juvenile hormone analog, fenoxycarb, on these processes. Arch Insect Biochem Physiol 2021; 107:e21780. [PMID: 33687111 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In holometabolous insects, many tissues and organs such as the fat body and midgut undergo a remodeling process during metamorphosis. Larval fat body cells are eliminated by programmed cell death (PCD), while tissue cells that adapt to adult life are formed by stem cells. In this study, we analyzed the features of the remodeling period of Galleria mellonella fat body in terms of PCD types, apoptotic and autophagic cell death characteristics. Besides, the effects of juvenile hormone (JH) on these processes were evaluated under the modified hormonal conditions via applications of JH analog, fenoxycarb. Several hallmarks of apoptotic and autophagic cell death were analyzed by morphological, biochemical, and molecular methods. The results of the present study have ascertained that the degeneration process of larval cells occurs via autophagic cell death accompanied by caspase-3 activity during the pupal period and it is regulated by 20-hydroxyecdysone (20HE) mediated by ecdysone receptor B1 (EcR-B1). Increased activity of the acid phosphatase and upregulation of ATG6 and ATG8 in parallel with the formation of autophagosomes in the fat body of Galleria during the pupal period strongly indicated that autophagy was the key player in the remodeling processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esen Poyraz Tinartas
- Biology Department, Science and Literature Faculty, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Ebru Goncu
- Biology Department, Science Faculty, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Kamil Koc
- Biology Department, Science and Literature Faculty, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
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Opiyo MA, Ngowo HS, Mapua SA, Mpingwa M, Nchimbi N, Matowo NS, Majambere S, Okumu FO. Sub-lethal aquatic doses of pyriproxyfen may increase pyrethroid resistance in malaria mosquitoes. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248538. [PMID: 33735241 PMCID: PMC7971891 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pyriproxyfen (PPF), an insect growth hormone mimic is widely used as a larvicide and in some second-generation bed nets, where it is combined with pyrethroids to improve impact. It has also been evaluated as a candidate for auto-dissemination by adult mosquitoes to control Aedes and Anopheles species. We examined whether PPF added to larval habitats of pyrethroid-resistant malaria vectors can modulate levels of resistance among emergent adult mosquitoes. METHODOLOGY Third-instar larvae of pyrethroid-resistant Anopheles arabiensis (both laboratory-reared and field-collected) were reared in different PPF concentrations, between 1×10-9 milligrams active ingredient per litre of water (mgAI/L) and 1×10-4 mgAI/L, or no PPF at all. Emergent adults escaping these sub-lethal exposures were tested using WHO-standard susceptibility assays on pyrethroids (0.75% permethrin and 0.05% deltamethrin), carbamates (0.1% bendiocarb) and organochlorides (4% DDT). Biochemical basis of pyrethroid resistance was investigated by pre-exposure to 4% PBO. Bio-efficacies of long-lasting insecticide-treated nets, Olyset® and PermaNet 2.0 were also examined against adult mosquitoes with or without previous aquatic exposure to PPF. RESULTS Addition of sub-lethal doses of PPF to larval habitats of pyrethroid-resistant An. arabiensis, consistently resulted in significantly reduced mortalities of emergent adults when exposed to pyrethroids, but not to bendiocarb or DDT. Mortality rates after exposure to Olyset® nets, but not PermaNet 2.0 were also reduced following aquatic exposures to PPF. Pre-exposure to PBO followed by permethrin or deltamethrin resulted in significant increases in mortality, compared to either insecticide alone. CONCLUSIONS Partially-resistant mosquitoes exposed to sub-lethal aquatic concentrations of PPF may become more resistant to pyrethroids than they already are without such pre-exposures. Studies should be conducted to examine whether field applications of PPF, either by larviciding or other means actually exacerbates pyrethroid-resistance in areas where signs of such resistance already exist in wild the vector populations. The studies should also investigate mechanisms underlying such magnification of resistance, and how this may impact the potential of PPF-based interventions in areas with pyrethroid resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercy A. Opiyo
- Environmental Health and Ecological Sciences, Ifakara Health Institute, Ifakara, Tanzania
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Halfan S. Ngowo
- Environmental Health and Ecological Sciences, Ifakara Health Institute, Ifakara, Tanzania
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health, and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Salum A. Mapua
- Environmental Health and Ecological Sciences, Ifakara Health Institute, Ifakara, Tanzania
| | - Monica Mpingwa
- Environmental Health and Ecological Sciences, Ifakara Health Institute, Ifakara, Tanzania
| | - Nuru Nchimbi
- Environmental Health and Ecological Sciences, Ifakara Health Institute, Ifakara, Tanzania
| | - Nancy S. Matowo
- Environmental Health and Ecological Sciences, Ifakara Health Institute, Ifakara, Tanzania
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Silas Majambere
- Pan African Mosquito Control Association, PAMCA, KEMRI Headquarters, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Fredros O. Okumu
- Environmental Health and Ecological Sciences, Ifakara Health Institute, Ifakara, Tanzania
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health, and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Hien AS, Soma DD, Somé FA, Namountougou M, Poda SB, Ouédraogo GA, Diabaté A, Dabiré RK. Short Persistence and Vector Susceptibility to Ficam 80WP (bendiocarb active ingredient) During Pilot Application of Indoor Residual Spraying in Burkina Faso, West Africa. J Med Entomol 2021; 58:781-786. [PMID: 33164064 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjaa240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Indoor residual spraying (IRS) was applied in addition to the use of long-lasting insecticidal nets in the South West in Burkina Faso, where Anopheles gambiae s.l. the major malaria vector was resistant to pyrethroids. This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy and residual life of bendiocarb (active ingredient) used for spraying on different wall surfaces (mud and cement). Cone bioassays were done monthly with the susceptible An. gambiae 'Kisumu' strain and the local wild populations to determine the duration for which insecticide was effective in killing mosquitoes. Cone bioassay data showed low efficacy and short persistence of bendiocarb applied on mud and cement walls, lasting 2 mo with the susceptible insectary strain and less than 1 mo with An. gambiae wild populations. In addition, WHO tube assays confirmed resistance of An. gambiae wild populations to 0.1% bendiocarb with mortality rates less than 80% in both study sites (sprayed and unsprayed sites). The pilot study of IRS with bendiocarb showed that the residual efficacy of bendiocarb was very short, and resistance to bendiocarb was confirmed in wild populations of An. gambiae s.l. Therefore, Ficam 80 WP was not suitable for IRS in this area due to the short residual duration related mainly to vectors resistance to bendiocarb. While waiting for innovative malaria control tool, alternative insecticide (organophosphate or neonicotinoid classes) or combinations of insecticides have to be used for insecticide resistance management in Burkina Faso.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aristide Sawdetuo Hien
- Biomedical and Public Health Department, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Direction Regionale, Avenue de la liberté, 01 BP 545, Bobo-Dioulasso 01, Burkina Faso
| | - Dieudonné Diloma Soma
- Biomedical and Public Health Department, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Direction Regionale, Avenue de la liberté, 01 BP 545, Bobo-Dioulasso 01, Burkina Faso
| | - Fabrice Anyirekun Somé
- Biomedical and Public Health Department, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Direction Regionale, Avenue de la liberté, 01 BP 545, Bobo-Dioulasso 01, Burkina Faso
| | - Moussa Namountougou
- Department of Applied Biology, Université Nazi Boni, 01 BP 1091 Bobo-Dioulasso 01, Burkina Faso
| | - Serge Bèwadéyir Poda
- Biomedical and Public Health Department, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Direction Regionale, Avenue de la liberté, 01 BP 545, Bobo-Dioulasso 01, Burkina Faso
| | | | - Abdoulaye Diabaté
- Biomedical and Public Health Department, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Direction Regionale, Avenue de la liberté, 01 BP 545, Bobo-Dioulasso 01, Burkina Faso
| | - Roch Kounbobr Dabiré
- Biomedical and Public Health Department, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Direction Regionale, Avenue de la liberté, 01 BP 545, Bobo-Dioulasso 01, Burkina Faso
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Gueye OK, Tchouakui M, Dia AK, Faye MB, Ahmed AA, Wondji MJ, Nguiffo DN, J. Mugenzi LM, Tripet F, Konaté L, Diabate A, Dia I, Gaye O, Faye O, Niang EHA, S. Wondji C. Insecticide Resistance Profiling of Anopheles coluzzii and Anopheles gambiae Populations in the Southern Senegal: Role of Target Sites and Metabolic Resistance Mechanisms. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E1403. [PMID: 33255805 PMCID: PMC7760107 DOI: 10.3390/genes11121403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence and spread of insecticide resistance among the main malaria vectors is threatening the effectiveness of vector control interventions in Senegal. The main drivers of this resistance in the Anopheles gambiae complex (e.g., An. gambiae and Anopheles coluzzii) remains poorly characterized in Senegal. Here we characterized the main target site and metabolic resistances mechanisms among the An. gambiae and An. coluzzii populations from their sympatric and allopatric or predominance area in Senegal. Larvae and pupae of An. gambiae s.l. were collected, reared to adulthood, and then used for insecticides susceptibility and synergist assays using the WHO (World Health Organisation) test kits for adult mosquitoes. The TaqMan method was used for the molecular characterization of the main target site insecticide resistance mechanisms (Vgsc-1014F, Vgsc-1014S, N1575Y and G119S). A RT-qPCR (Reverse Transcriptase-quantitative Polymerase Chaine Reaction) was performed to estimate the level of genes expression belonging to the CYP450 (Cytochrome P450) family. Plasmodium infection rate was investigated using TaqMan method. High levels of resistance to pyrethroids and DDT and full susceptibility to organophosphates and carbamates where observed in all three sites, excepted a probable resistance to bendiocarb in Kedougou. The L1014F, L1014S, and N1575Y mutations were found in both species. Pre-exposure to the PBO (Piperonyl butoxide) synergist induced a partial recovery of susceptibility to permethrin and full recovery to deltamethrin. Subsequent analysis of the level of genes expression, revealed that the CYP6Z1 and CYP6Z2 genes were over-expressed in wild-resistant mosquitoes compared to the reference susceptible strain (Kisumu), suggesting that both the metabolic resistance and target site mutation involving kdr mutations are likely implicated in this pyrethroid resistance. The presence of both target-site and metabolic resistance mechanisms in highly pyrethroid-resistant populations of An. gambiae s.l. from Senegal threatens the effectiveness and the sustainability of the pyrethroid-based tools and interventions currently deployed in the country. The Kdr-west mutation is widely widespread in An. coluzzii sympatric population. PBO or Duo nets and IRS (Indoor Residual Spraying) with organophosphates could be used as an alternative measure to sustain malaria control in the study area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oumou. K. Gueye
- Laboratoire d’Écologie Vectorielle et Parasitaire, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar BP 5005, Senegal; (A.K.D.); (M.B.F.); (A.A.A.); (L.K.); (O.F.); (E.H.A.N.)
| | - Magellan Tchouakui
- Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), Yaounde BP 13591, Cameroon; (M.T.); (M.J.W.); (D.N.N.); (L.M.J.M.)
| | - Abdoulaye K. Dia
- Laboratoire d’Écologie Vectorielle et Parasitaire, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar BP 5005, Senegal; (A.K.D.); (M.B.F.); (A.A.A.); (L.K.); (O.F.); (E.H.A.N.)
| | - Mouhamed B. Faye
- Laboratoire d’Écologie Vectorielle et Parasitaire, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar BP 5005, Senegal; (A.K.D.); (M.B.F.); (A.A.A.); (L.K.); (O.F.); (E.H.A.N.)
| | - Amblat A. Ahmed
- Laboratoire d’Écologie Vectorielle et Parasitaire, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar BP 5005, Senegal; (A.K.D.); (M.B.F.); (A.A.A.); (L.K.); (O.F.); (E.H.A.N.)
| | - Murielle J. Wondji
- Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), Yaounde BP 13591, Cameroon; (M.T.); (M.J.W.); (D.N.N.); (L.M.J.M.)
- Vector Biology Department, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK
| | - Daniel N. Nguiffo
- Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), Yaounde BP 13591, Cameroon; (M.T.); (M.J.W.); (D.N.N.); (L.M.J.M.)
| | - Leon. M. J. Mugenzi
- Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), Yaounde BP 13591, Cameroon; (M.T.); (M.J.W.); (D.N.N.); (L.M.J.M.)
| | - Frederic Tripet
- Centre for Applied Entomology and Parasitology, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Newcastle-under-Lyme ST5 5BG, UK;
| | - Lassana Konaté
- Laboratoire d’Écologie Vectorielle et Parasitaire, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar BP 5005, Senegal; (A.K.D.); (M.B.F.); (A.A.A.); (L.K.); (O.F.); (E.H.A.N.)
| | - Abdoulaye Diabate
- Centre Muraz/Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Bobo-Dioulasso BP 545, Burkina Faso;
| | - Ibrahima Dia
- Pôle de Zoologie Médicale, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, 36 Avenue Pasteur, Dakar BP 220, Senegal;
| | - Oumar Gaye
- Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Faculté de Médecine, Pharmacie et d’Odontologie, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar BP 5005, Senegal;
| | - Ousmane Faye
- Laboratoire d’Écologie Vectorielle et Parasitaire, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar BP 5005, Senegal; (A.K.D.); (M.B.F.); (A.A.A.); (L.K.); (O.F.); (E.H.A.N.)
| | - El Hadji A. Niang
- Laboratoire d’Écologie Vectorielle et Parasitaire, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar BP 5005, Senegal; (A.K.D.); (M.B.F.); (A.A.A.); (L.K.); (O.F.); (E.H.A.N.)
| | - Charles S. Wondji
- Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), Yaounde BP 13591, Cameroon; (M.T.); (M.J.W.); (D.N.N.); (L.M.J.M.)
- Vector Biology Department, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK
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Mpimbaza A, Sserwanga A, Rutazaana D, Kapisi J, Walemwa R, Suiyanka L, Kyalo D, Kamya M, Opigo J, Snow RW. Changing malaria fever test positivity among paediatric admissions to Tororo district hospital, Uganda 2012-2019. Malar J 2020; 19:416. [PMID: 33213469 PMCID: PMC7678291 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-020-03490-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The World Health Organization (WHO) promotes long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLIN) and indoor residual house-spraying (IRS) for malaria control in endemic countries. However, long-term impact data of vector control interventions is rarely measured empirically. METHODS Surveillance data was collected from paediatric admissions at Tororo district hospital for the period January 2012 to December 2019, during which LLIN and IRS campaigns were implemented in the district. Malaria test positivity rate (TPR) among febrile admissions aged 1 month to 14 years was aggregated at baseline and three intervention periods (first LLIN campaign; Bendiocarb IRS; and Actellic IRS + second LLIN campaign) and compared using before-and-after analysis. Interrupted time-series analysis (ITSA) was used to determine the effect of IRS (Bendiocarb + Actellic) with the second LLIN campaign on monthly TPR compared to the combined baseline and first LLIN campaign periods controlling for age, rainfall, type of malaria test performed. The mean and median ages were examined between intervention intervals and as trend since January 2012. RESULTS Among 28,049 febrile admissions between January 2012 and December 2019, TPR decreased from 60% at baseline (January 2012-October 2013) to 31% during the final period of Actellic IRS and LLIN (June 2016-December 2019). Comparing intervention intervals to the baseline TPR (60.3%), TPR was higher during the first LLIN period (67.3%, difference 7.0%; 95% CI 5.2%, 8.8%, p < 0.001), and lower during the Bendiocarb IRS (43.5%, difference - 16.8%; 95% CI - 18.7%, - 14.9%) and Actellic IRS (31.3%, difference - 29.0%; 95% CI - 30.3%, - 27.6%, p < 0.001) periods. ITSA confirmed a significant decrease in the level and trend of TPR during the IRS (Bendicarb + Actellic) with the second LLIN period compared to the pre-IRS (baseline + first LLIN) period. The age of children with positive test results significantly increased with time from a mean of 24 months at baseline to 39 months during the final IRS and LLIN period. CONCLUSION IRS can have a dramatic impact on hospital paediatric admissions harbouring malaria infection. The sustained expansion of effective vector control leads to an increase in the age of malaria positive febrile paediatric admissions. However, despite large reductions, malaria test-positive admissions continued to be concentrated in children aged under five years. Despite high coverage of IRS and LLIN, these vector control measures failed to interrupt transmission in Tororo district. Using simple, cost-effective hospital surveillance, it is possible to monitor the public health impacts of IRS in combination with LLIN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Mpimbaza
- Child Health and Development Centre, Makerere University, College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda.
- Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda.
| | | | - Damian Rutazaana
- National Malaria Control Division, Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - James Kapisi
- Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Richard Walemwa
- Department of Prevention, Care and Treatment, Infectious Diseases Institute, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Laurissa Suiyanka
- Population Health Unit, Kenya Medical Research Institute/Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - David Kyalo
- Population Health Unit, Kenya Medical Research Institute/Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Moses Kamya
- Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Jimmy Opigo
- National Malaria Control Division, Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Robert W Snow
- Population Health Unit, Kenya Medical Research Institute/Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Nairobi, Kenya
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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9
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Jindra M, Bittova L. The juvenile hormone receptor as a target of juvenoid "insect growth regulators". Arch Insect Biochem Physiol 2020; 103:e21615. [PMID: 31502704 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic compounds that mimic the action of juvenile hormones (JHs) are founding members of a class of insecticides called insect growth regulators (IGRs). Like JHs, these juvenoids block metamorphosis of insect larvae to reproductive adults. Many biologically active juvenoids deviate in their chemical structure considerably from the sesquiterpenoid JHs, raising questions about the mode of action of such JH mimics. Despite the early deployment of juvenoid IGRs in the mid-1970s, their molecular effect could not be understood until recent discoveries of JH signaling through an intracellular JH receptor, namely the ligand-binding transcription factor Methoprene-tolerant (Met). Here, we briefly overview evidence defining three widely employed and chemically distinct juvenoid IGRs (methoprene, pyriproxyfen, and fenoxycarb), as agonist ligands of the JH receptor. We stress that knowledge of the target molecule is critical for using these compounds both as insecticides and as research tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Jindra
- Biology Center of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Bittova
- Biology Center of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
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10
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Cheng G, Li S. Molecular cloning and characterization of genes encoding chitinase and N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase in Dolerocypris sinensis. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2019; 65:73-80. [PMID: 31472050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Chitinases and N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase (NAG) are important in molting and growth of crustaceans. In ostracods, the genes encoding these enzymes have not been characterized. The aim of the present study was to clone the genes encoding chitinase (DsChi) and NAG (DsNAG) from the ostracod, Dolerocypris sinensis, elucidate the phylogenetic relationships between the cloned genes and known chitinolytic enzymes, and determine the expression patterns of these genes at different stages of growth in the presence of an environmental pollutant. The genes were amplified from the genomic DNA of the organism using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The products from PCR were cloned and characterized with bioinformatics tools, and their expression patterns at different growth stages were determined using real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR). Nine and five introns were identified in DsChi and DsNAG genes, respectively. When compared with protein sequences available in GenBank, chitinase from D. sinensis was most closely related to that of Macrobrachium nipponense (61 % homology). The NAG of D. sinensis was most closely related to that of Limulus polyphemus (55.6 % homology). Based on phylogenetic analysis of known chitinases from crustaceans and insects, the D. sinensis chitinase tightly clustered in the same branch with chitinases from species within the Malacostraca class. In contrast, NAG of D. sinensis was clustered with NAG from F. candida.The level of expression of DsChi mRNA was significantly higher than that of DsNAG throughout the period of growth (p < 0.05). Treatment of D. sinensis cells with fenoxycarb significantly downregulated the expressions of DsChi and DsNAG throughout the period of growth (p < 0.05). These results show that the protein products of DsChi and DsNAG possess remarkable biochemical properties characteristic of a chitinase and NAG, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gong Cheng
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaonan Li
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, People's Republic of China
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11
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Jankowska M, Lapied B, Jankowski W, Stankiewicz M. The unusual action of essential oil component, menthol, in potentiating the effect of the carbamate insecticide, bendiocarb. Pestic Biochem Physiol 2019; 158:101-111. [PMID: 31378344 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2019.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Standard chemical insecticides present mainly neurotoxic effects and are becoming less and less effective due to insects developing resistance to them. One of the innovative strategies to control insects pests is to find a way to increase the sensitivity of the target sites in the insect nervous system to the applied insecticides. In the presented research, we proposed menthol, a component of essential oils, as a factor increasing the effectiveness of bendiocarb, a carbamate insecticide. The aim of our study was to evaluate the potentiation of the bendiocarb effect by menthol. In toxicity tests performed on Periplaneta americana, menthol (0.1 μM) accelerated the lethal effect of bendiocarb, primarily in its low concentrations (lower than 0.05 mM). In the presence of menthol (1 and 0.1 μM), the ability of insects to turn back from its dorsal to the normal ventral side was significantly lower than with bendiocarb (1 μM) alone. We also evaluated the effectiveness of chemicals on the activity of the ventral nerve cord of the cockroach. In this preparation, bendiocarb (1 μM and higher concentrations) caused an irregular, spontaneous bursts of action potentials. The total nerve activity (including the response to stimulation and spontaneous firing) was much higher when bendiocarb was applied in the presence of menthol (1 μM). The effect of menthol was similar to the octopamine effect and was abolished by phentolamine, the octopamine receptor antagonist. Our results clearly indicated a strengthening effect of menthol on bendiocarb effectiveness; potentiation occurred through octopamine receptors activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Jankowska
- Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland.
| | - Bruno Lapied
- Laboratoire SiFCIR UPRES EA 2647/USC INRA 1330, Université d'Angers, UFR Sciences, Angers, France
| | - Waldemar Jankowski
- Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Maria Stankiewicz
- Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
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12
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Mutunga JM, Ma M, Chen QH, Hartsel JA, Wong DM, Ding S, Totrov M, Carlier PR, Bloomquist JR. Mosquito Acetylcholinesterase as a Target for Novel Phenyl-Substituted Carbamates. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2019; 16:ijerph16091500. [PMID: 31035318 PMCID: PMC6539584 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16091500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
New insecticides are needed for control of disease-vectoring mosquitoes and this research evaluates the activity of new carbamate acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors. Biochemical and toxicological characterization of carbamates based on the parent structure of terbam, 3-tert-butylphenyl methylcarbamate, was performed. In vitro enzyme inhibition selectivity (Anopheles gambiae versus human) was assessed by the Ellman assay, as well as the lethality to whole insects by the World Health Organization (WHO) paper contact assay. Bromination at the phenyl C6 position increased inhibitory potency to both AChEs, whereas a 6-iodo substituent led to loss of potency, and both halogenations caused a significant reduction of mosquitocidal activity. Similarly, installation of a hexyl substituent at C6 drastically reduced inhibition of AgAChE, but showed a smaller reduction in the inhibition of hAChE. A series of 4-carboxamido analogs of the parent compound gave reduced activity against AgAChE and generally showed more activity against hAChE than AgAChE. Replacement of the 3-t-buyl group with CF3 resulted in poor anticholinesterase activity, but this compound did have measurable mosquitocidal activity. A series of methyl- and fluoro- analogs of 3-trialkylsilyl compounds were also synthesized, but unfortunately resulted in disappointing activity. Finally, a series of sulfenylated proinsecticides showed poor paper contact toxicity, but one of them had topical activity against adult female Anopheles gambiae. Overall, the analogs prepared here contributed to a better understanding of carbamate structure–activity relationships (SAR), but no new significant leads were generated.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Mutunga
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
| | - Ming Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
| | - Qiao-Hong Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
| | - Joshua A Hartsel
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
| | - Dawn M Wong
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
| | - Sha Ding
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
| | - Max Totrov
- Molsoft LLC, 11199 Sorrento Valley Road, S209 San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
| | - Paul R Carlier
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
| | - Jeffrey R Bloomquist
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
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Bednarek AW, Sawadro MK, Nicewicz Ł, Babczyńska AI. Vitellogenins in the spider Parasteatoda tepidariorum - expression profile and putative hormonal regulation of vitellogenesis. BMC Dev Biol 2019; 19:4. [PMID: 30849941 PMCID: PMC6408786 DOI: 10.1186/s12861-019-0184-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Knowledge about vitellogenesis in spiders is rudimentary. Therefore, the aim of study was to check the vitellogenin (Vg) presence in various tissues of the female spider Parasteatoda tepidariorum, determine when and where vitellogenesis starts and takes place, and the putative role of selected hormones in the vitellogenesis. RESULTS Here we show two genes encoding Vg (PtVg4 and PtVg6) in the genome of the spider P. tepidariorum. One gene PtVg4 and three subunits of Vg (250 kDa, 47 kDa and 30 kDa) are expressed in the midgut glands, ovaries and hemolymph. Heterosynthesis of the Vg in the midgut glands and autosynthesis in the ovaries were observed. Vitellogenesis begins in the last nymphal stage in the midgut glands (heterosynthesis). However, after sexual maturity is reached, Vg is also synthesized in the ovaries (autosynthesis). Changes in the PtVg4 expression level and in the Vg concentration after treatment with 20-hydroxyecdysone, a juvenile hormone analog (fenoxycarb) and an antijuvenoid compound (precocene I) were observed. Therefore, we propose a hypothetical model for the hormonal regulation of vitellogenesis in P. tepidariorum. CONCLUSIONS Our results are the first comprehensive study on spider vitellogenesis. In our opinion, this work will open discussion on the evolutionary context of possible similarities in the hormonal control of vitellogenesis between P. tepidariorum and other arthropods as well as their consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata W. Bednarek
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ecotoxicology, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, PL40007 Katowice, Poland
| | - Marta K. Sawadro
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ecotoxicology, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, PL40007 Katowice, Poland
| | - Łukasz Nicewicz
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ecotoxicology, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, PL40007 Katowice, Poland
| | - Agnieszka I. Babczyńska
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ecotoxicology, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, PL40007 Katowice, Poland
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14
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Dunbar MW, Correa-Morales F, Dzul-Manzanilla F, Medina-Barreiro A, Bibiano-Marín W, Morales-Ríos E, Vadillo-Sánchez J, López-Monroy B, Ritchie SA, Lenhart A, Manrique-Saide P, Vazquez-Prokopec GM. Efficacy of novel indoor residual spraying methods targeting pyrethroid-resistant Aedes aegypti within experimental houses. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019; 13:e0007203. [PMID: 30817759 PMCID: PMC6394901 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Challenges in maintaining high effectiveness of classic vector control in urban areas has renewed the interest in indoor residual spraying (IRS) as a promising approach for Aedes-borne disease prevention. While IRS has many benefits, application time and intrusive indoor applications make its scalability in urban areas difficult. Modifying IRS to account for Ae. aegypti resting behavior, named targeted IRS (TIRS, spraying walls below 1.5 m and under furniture) can reduce application time; however, an untested assumption is that modifications to IRS will not negatively impact entomological efficacy. We conducted a comparative experimental study evaluating the residual efficacy of classically-applied IRS (as developed for malaria control) compared to two TIRS application methods using a carbamate insecticide against a pyrethroid-resistant, field-derived Ae. aegypti strain. We performed our study within a novel experimental house setting (n = 9 houses) located in Merida (Mexico), with similar layouts and standardized contents. Classic IRS application (insecticide applied to full walls and under furniture) was compared to: a) TIRS: insecticide applied to walls below 1.5 m and under furniture, and b) Resting Site TIRS (RS-TIRS): insecticide applied only under furniture. Mosquito mortality was measured eight times post-application (out to six months post-application) by releasing 100 Ae. aegypti females /house and collecting live and dead individuals after 24 hrs exposure. Compared to Classic IRS, TIRS and RS-TIRS took less time to apply (31% and 82% reduction, respectively) and used less insecticide (38% and 85% reduction, respectively). Mortality of pyrethroid-resistant Ae. aegypti did not significantly differ among the three IRS application methods up to two months post application, and did not significantly differ between Classic IRS and TIRS up to four months post application. These data illustrate that optimizing IRS to more efficiently target Ae. aegypti can both reduce application time and insecticide volume with no apparent reduction in entomological efficacy. Vector control is the primary strategy for managing Aedes aegypti and reducing transmission of Aedes-borne diseases; however, the indoor resting behavior of Ae. aegypti and the evolution of insecticide resistance reduces the effectiveness of many vector control tactics. Indoor residual spraying (IRS) is effective against Ae. aegypti, but lengthy application time makes IRS difficult to scale within urban environments. We compared the application and entomological efficacy of Classic IRS against two novel Aedes-targeting IRS application methods (Targeted IRS [TIRS]- insecticide applied to walls below 1.5 m and under furniture and Resting Site TIRS [RS-TIRS]- insecticide applied only under furniture) within experimental houses using a carbamate insecticide. Both TIRS and RS-TIRS took less time to apply and used less insecticide compared to Classic IRS. Mortality of pyrethroid-resistant Ae. aegypti did not differ among treatments out to two months post-application, and there was no difference in mortality between Classic IRS and TIRS out to four months post-application. These data provide evidence that IRS application methods can be improved to take less time and insecticide yet not lose entomological efficacy, making TIRS more scalable within urban environments. However, larger field studies with epidemiologic endpoints are needed to further assess the efficacy of these modified TIRS techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike W. Dunbar
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Fabian Correa-Morales
- Centro Nacional de Programas Preventivos y Control de Enfermedades (CENAPRECE) Secretaría de Salud México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Felipe Dzul-Manzanilla
- Centro Nacional de Programas Preventivos y Control de Enfermedades (CENAPRECE) Secretaría de Salud México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Anuar Medina-Barreiro
- Unidad Colaborativa para Bioensayos Entomológicos, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, México, México
| | - Wilbert Bibiano-Marín
- Unidad Colaborativa para Bioensayos Entomológicos, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, México, México
| | - Evaristo Morales-Ríos
- Unidad Colaborativa para Bioensayos Entomológicos, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, México, México
| | - José Vadillo-Sánchez
- Centro Nacional de Programas Preventivos y Control de Enfermedades (CENAPRECE) Secretaría de Salud México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Beatriz López-Monroy
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Nuevo León, México
| | - Scott A. Ritchie
- College of Public Health, Medical & Vet Sciences, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia
| | - Audrey Lenhart
- Entomology Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Pablo Manrique-Saide
- Unidad Colaborativa para Bioensayos Entomológicos, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, México, México
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Malík I, Csöllei J, Solovič I, Pospíšilová Š, Michnová H, Jampílek J, Čížek A, Kapustíková I, Čurillová J, Pecháčová M, Stolaříková J, Pecher D, Oravec M. Dibasic Derivatives of Phenylcarbamic Acid against Mycobacterial Strains: Old Drugs and New Tricks? Molecules 2018; 23:E2493. [PMID: 30274224 PMCID: PMC6222509 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23102493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to provide a more detailed view on the structure⁻antimycobacterial activity relationship (SAR) of phenylcarbamic acid derivatives containing two centers of protonation, 1-[2-[({[2-/3-(alkoxy)phenyl]amino}carbonyl)oxy]-3-(dipropylammonio)propyl]pyrrolidinium oxalates (1a⁻d)/dichlorides (1e⁻h) as well as 1-[2-[({[2-/3-(alkoxy)phenyl]amino}carbonyl)oxy]-3-(di-propylammonio)propyl]azepanium oxalates (1i⁻l)/dichlorides (1m⁻p; alkoxy = butoxy to heptyloxy) were physicochemically characterized by estimation of their surface tension (γ; Traube's stalagmometric method), electronic features (log ε; UV/Vis spectrophotometry) and lipophilic properties (log kw; isocratic RP-HPLC) as well. The experimental log kw dataset was studied together with computational logarithms of partition coefficients (log P) generated by various methods based mainly on atomic or combined atomic and fragmental principles. Similarities and differences between the experimental and in silico lipophilicity descriptors were analyzed by unscaled principal component analysis (PCA). The in vitro activity of compounds 1a⁻p was inspected against Mycobacterium tuberculosis CNCTC My 331/88 (identical with H37Rv and ATCC 2794, respectively), M. tuberculosis H37Ra ATCC 25177, M. kansasii CNCTC My 235/80 (identical with ATCC 12478), the M. kansasii 6509/96 clinical isolate, M. kansasii DSM 44162, M. avium CNCTC My 330/80 (identical with ATCC 25291), M. smegmatis ATCC 700084 and M. marinum CAMP 5644, respectively. In vitro susceptibility of the mycobacteria to reference drugs isoniazid, ethambutol, ofloxacin or ciprofloxacin was tested as well. A very unique aspect of the research was that many compounds from the set 1a⁻p were highly efficient almost against all tested mycobacteria. The most promising derivatives showed MIC values varied from 1.9 μM to 8 μM, which were lower compared to those of used standards, especially if concerning ability to fight M. tuberculosis H37Ra ATCC 25177, M. kansasii DSM 44162 or M. avium CNCTC My 330/80. Current in vitro biological assays and systematic SAR studies based on PCA approach as well as fitting procedures, which were supported by relevant statistical descriptors, proved that the compounds 1a⁻p represented a very promising molecular framework for development of 'non-traditional' but effective antimycobacterial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Malík
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojárov 10, SK-832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Jozef Csöllei
- Department of Chemical Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences in Brno, Palackého 1946/1, CZ-612 42 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Ivan Solovič
- Clinic for Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, National Institute for Tuberculosis, Lung Diseases and Thoracic Surgery, Vyšné Hágy, SK-059 84 Vysoké Tatry, Slovakia.
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health, Catholic University in Ružomberok, Hrabovská cesta 1A, SK-034 01 Ružomberok, Slovakia.
| | - Šárka Pospíšilová
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojárov 10, SK-832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Hana Michnová
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojárov 10, SK-832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Josef Jampílek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojárov 10, SK-832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Alois Čížek
- Clinic for Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackého 1946/1, CZ-612 42 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Iva Kapustíková
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojárov 10, SK-832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Jana Čurillová
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojárov 10, SK-832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Mária Pecháčová
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojárov 10, SK-832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Jiřina Stolaříková
- Laboratory for Mycobacterial Diagnostics and Tuberculosis, Regional Institute of Public Health, Partyzánské náměstí 7, CZ-702 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic.
| | - Daniel Pecher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojárov 10, SK-832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia.
- Toxicological and Antidoping Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojárov 10, SK-832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Michal Oravec
- Global Change Research Institute CAS, Belidla 986/4a, CZ-603 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
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Orczyk JJ, Garraghty PE. The effects of felbamate on appetitive and aversive instrumental learning in adult rats. Epilepsy Behav 2018; 78:14-19. [PMID: 29161629 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2017.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Antiepileptic medications are the frontline treatment for seizure conditions but are not without cognitive side effects. Previously, our laboratory reported learning deficits in phenytoin-, carbamazepine-, and valproate-treated rats. In the present experiment, the effects of felbamate (FBM) have been compared to water-treated controls (controls) using the same instrumental training tasks employed here. Rats treated with FBM displayed a deficit in acquiring a tone-signaled avoidance response, relative to controls, but this was true only if they had no prior appetitive experience. Terminal avoidance behavior was equivalent to healthy controls. In contrast, the FBM-treated rats showed enhanced acquisition of the avoidance response relative to controls when given the benefit of prior experience in the appetitive condition. Relative to animals treated with phenytoin, carbamazepine, or valproate, FBM-treated rats showed the lowest overall pattern of deficits using these instrumental learning tasks. While FBM treatment has been severely restricted because of rather low risks of serious medical side effects, we suggest that the risks are not substantially higher than those shown to exist for phenytoin, carbamazepine, or valproate. As psychologists, we further suggest that negative cognitive deficits associated with these various drugs, along with their quality-of-life costs, are of relevance in the design of treatment strategies for individuals with seizure disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Orczyk
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Preston E Garraghty
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA; Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA.
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Spirhanzlova P, De Groef B, Nicholson FE, Grommen SVH, Marras G, Sébillot A, Demeneix BA, Pallud-Mothré S, Lemkine GF, Tindall AJ, Du Pasquier D. Using short-term bioassays to evaluate the endocrine disrupting capacity of the pesticides linuron and fenoxycarb. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2017. [PMID: 28634053 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2017.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Several short-term whole-organism bioassays based on transgenic aquatic models are now under validation by the OECD (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development) to become standardized test guidelines for the evaluation of the endocrine activity of substances. Evaluation of the endocrine disrupting capacity of pesticides will be a domain of applicability of these future reference tests. The herbicide linuron and the insecticide fenoxycarb are two chemicals commonly used in agricultural practices. While numerous studies indicate that linuron is likely to be an endocrine disruptor, there is little information available on the effect of fenoxycarb on vertebrate endocrine systems. Using whole-organism bioassays based on transgenic Xenopus laevis tadpoles and medaka fry we assessed the potential of fenoxycarb and linuron to disrupt thyroid, androgen and estrogen signaling. In addition we used in silico approach to simulate the affinity of these two pesticides to human hormone receptors. Linuron elicited thyroid hormone-like activity in tadpoles at all concentrations tested and, showed an anti-estrogenic activity in medaka at concentrations 2.5mg/L and higher. Our experiments suggest that, in addition to its previously established anti-androgenic action, linuron exhibits thyroid hormone-like responses, as well as acting at the estrogen receptor level to inhibit estrogen signaling. Fenoxycarb on the other hand, did not cause any changes in thyroid, androgen or estrogen signaling at the concentrations tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Spirhanzlova
- Laboratoire WatchFrog S.A., 1 Rue Pierre Fontaine, 91000 Évry, France; UMR CNRS 5166, Evolution des Régulations Endocriniennes, Department of Regulation, Development and Molecular Diversity, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Bert De Groef
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Freda E Nicholson
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Sylvia V H Grommen
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Giulia Marras
- Laboratoire WatchFrog S.A., 1 Rue Pierre Fontaine, 91000 Évry, France
| | - Anthony Sébillot
- Laboratoire WatchFrog S.A., 1 Rue Pierre Fontaine, 91000 Évry, France
| | - Barbara A Demeneix
- UMR CNRS 5166, Evolution des Régulations Endocriniennes, Department of Regulation, Development and Molecular Diversity, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | | | - Gregory F Lemkine
- Laboratoire WatchFrog S.A., 1 Rue Pierre Fontaine, 91000 Évry, France
| | - Andrew J Tindall
- Laboratoire WatchFrog S.A., 1 Rue Pierre Fontaine, 91000 Évry, France
| | - David Du Pasquier
- Laboratoire WatchFrog S.A., 1 Rue Pierre Fontaine, 91000 Évry, France.
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Abstract
The Nrf1 (Nuclear factor E2-related factor 1) transcription factor performs a critical role in regulating cellular homeostasis. Using a proteomic approach, we identified Host Cell Factor-1 (HCF1), a co-regulator of transcription, and O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), the enzyme that mediates protein O-GlcNAcylation, as cellular partners of Nrf1a, an isoform of Nrf1. Nrf1a directly interacts with HCF1 through the HCF1 binding motif (HBM), while interaction with OGT is mediated through HCF1. Overexpression of HCF1 and OGT leads to increased Nrf1a protein stability. Addition of O-GlcNAc decreases ubiquitination and degradation of Nrf1a. Transcriptional activation by Nrf1a is increased by OGT overexpression and treatment with PUGNAc. Together, these data suggest that OGT can act as a regulator of Nrf1a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Woo Han
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of California, Irvine, D440 Medical Sciences, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Joshua L Valdez
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of California, Irvine, D440 Medical Sciences, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Daniel V Ho
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of California, Irvine, D440 Medical Sciences, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Candy S Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of California, Irvine, D440 Medical Sciences, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Hyun Min Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of California, Irvine, D440 Medical Sciences, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Xiaorong Wang
- Departments of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, D440 Medical Sciences, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Lan Huang
- Departments of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, D440 Medical Sciences, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Jefferson Y Chan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of California, Irvine, D440 Medical Sciences, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
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Vazquez-Prokopec GM, Medina-Barreiro A, Che-Mendoza A, Dzul-Manzanilla F, Correa-Morales F, Guillermo-May G, Bibiano-Marín W, Uc-Puc V, Geded-Moreno E, Vadillo-Sánchez J, Palacio-Vargas J, Ritchie SA, Lenhart A, Manrique-Saide P. Deltamethrin resistance in Aedes aegypti results in treatment failure in Merida, Mexico. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017; 11:e0005656. [PMID: 28604781 PMCID: PMC5481028 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The operational impact of deltamethrin resistance on the efficacy of indoor insecticide applications to control Aedes aegypti was evaluated in Merida, Mexico. A randomized controlled trial quantified the efficacy of indoor residual spraying (IRS) against adult Ae. aegypti in houses treated with either deltamethrin (to which local Ae. aegypti expressed a high degree of resistance) or bendiocarb (to which local Ae. aegypti were fully susceptible) as compared to untreated control houses. All adult Ae. aegypti infestation indices during 3 months post-spraying were significantly lower in houses treated with bendiocarb compared to untreated houses (odds ratio <0.75; incidence rate ratio < 0.65) whereas no statistically significant difference was detected between the untreated and the deltamethrin-treated houses. On average, bendiocarb spraying reduced Ae. aegypti abundance by 60% during a 3-month period. Results demonstrate that vector control efficacy can be significantly compromised when the insecticide resistance status of Ae. aegypti populations is not taken into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anuar Medina-Barreiro
- Unidad Colaborativa de Bioensayos Entomológicos, Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico
| | - Azael Che-Mendoza
- Centro Nacional de Programas Preventivos y Control de Enfermedades (CENAPRECE) Secretaría de Salud Mexico, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Felipe Dzul-Manzanilla
- Centro Nacional de Programas Preventivos y Control de Enfermedades (CENAPRECE) Secretaría de Salud Mexico, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Fabian Correa-Morales
- Centro Nacional de Programas Preventivos y Control de Enfermedades (CENAPRECE) Secretaría de Salud Mexico, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Guillermo Guillermo-May
- Unidad Colaborativa de Bioensayos Entomológicos, Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico
| | - Wilbert Bibiano-Marín
- Unidad Colaborativa de Bioensayos Entomológicos, Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico
| | - Valentín Uc-Puc
- Unidad Colaborativa de Bioensayos Entomológicos, Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Geded-Moreno
- Unidad Colaborativa de Bioensayos Entomológicos, Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico
| | - José Vadillo-Sánchez
- Unidad Colaborativa de Bioensayos Entomológicos, Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico
| | | | - Scott A. Ritchie
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | - Audrey Lenhart
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Pablo Manrique-Saide
- Unidad Colaborativa de Bioensayos Entomológicos, Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico
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20
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Abeku TA, Helinski MEH, Kirby MJ, Ssekitooleko J, Bass C, Kyomuhangi I, Okia M, Magumba G, Meek SR. Insecticide resistance patterns in Uganda and the effect of indoor residual spraying with bendiocarb on kdr L1014S frequencies in Anopheles gambiae s.s. Malar J 2017; 16:156. [PMID: 28427415 PMCID: PMC5397803 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-017-1799-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resistance of malaria vectors to pyrethroid insecticides has been attributed to selection pressure from long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs), indoor residual spraying (IRS), and the use of chemicals in agriculture. The use of different classes of insecticides in combination or by rotation has been recommended for resistance management. The aim of this study was to understand the role of IRS with a carbamate insecticide in management of pyrethroid resistance. METHODS Anopheles mosquitoes were collected from multiple sites in nine districts of Uganda (up to five sites per district). Three districts had been sprayed with bendiocarb. Phenotypic resistance was determined using standard susceptibility tests. Molecular assays were used to determine the frequency of resistance mutations. The kdr L1014S homozygote frequency in Anopheles gambiae s.s. was used as the outcome measure to test the effects of various factors using a logistic regression model. Bendiocarb coverage, annual rainfall, altitude, mosquito collection method, LLIN use, LLINs distributed in the previous 5 years, household use of agricultural pesticides, and malaria prevalence in children 2-9 years old were entered as explanatory variables. RESULTS Tests with pyrethroid insecticides showed resistance and suspected resistance levels in all districts except Apac (a sprayed district). Bendiocarb resistance was not detected in sprayed sites, but was confirmed in one unsprayed site (Soroti). Anopheles gambiae s.s. collected from areas sprayed with bendiocarb had significantly less kdr homozygosity than those collected from unsprayed areas. Mosquitoes collected indoors as adults had significantly higher frequency of kdr homozygotes than mosquitoes collected as larvae, possibly indicating selective sampling of resistant adults, presumably due to exposure to insecticides inside houses that would disproportionately affect susceptible mosquitoes. The effect of LLIN use on kdr homozygosity was significantly modified by annual rainfall. In areas receiving high rainfall, LLIN use was associated with increased kdr homozygosity and this association weakened as rainfall decreased, indicating more frequency of exposure to pyrethroids in relatively wet areas with high vector density. CONCLUSION This study suggests that using a carbamate insecticide for IRS in areas with high levels of pyrethroid resistance may reduce kdr frequencies in An. gambiae s.s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarekegn A. Abeku
- Malaria Consortium, Development House, 56-64 Leonard Street, London, EC2A 4LT UK
| | | | - Matthew J. Kirby
- Malaria Consortium, Development House, 56-64 Leonard Street, London, EC2A 4LT UK
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT UK
| | - James Ssekitooleko
- Malaria Consortium Uganda, Plot 25, Upper Naguru East Road, Naguru, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Chris Bass
- University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Treliever Road, Penryn, TR10 9FE UK
- Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ UK
| | - Irene Kyomuhangi
- Malaria Consortium Uganda, Plot 25, Upper Naguru East Road, Naguru, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Michael Okia
- National Malaria Control Programme, Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda
- Uganda IRS Project Phase II/Abt Associates Inc., Kampala, Uganda
| | - Godfrey Magumba
- Malaria Consortium Uganda, Plot 25, Upper Naguru East Road, Naguru, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Sylvia R. Meek
- Malaria Consortium, Development House, 56-64 Leonard Street, London, EC2A 4LT UK
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21
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Dang K, Singham GV, Doggett SL, Lilly DG, Lee CY. Effects of Different Surfaces and Insecticide Carriers on Residual Insecticide Bioassays Against Bed Bugs, Cimex spp. (Hemiptera: Cimicidae). J Econ Entomol 2017; 110:558-566. [PMID: 28115498 DOI: 10.1093/jee/tow296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The performance of five insecticides (bendiocarb, deltamethrin, DDT, malathion, and imidacloprid) using three application methods (oil-based insecticide films on filter paper, and acetone-based insecticide deposits on two substrates: filter paper and glass) was assessed against a susceptible strain of Cimex lectularius (L.) and two resistant strains of Cimex hemipterus (F.). Substrate type significantly affected (P < 0.05) the insecticide knockdown response of the susceptible strain in acetone-based insecticide bioassays, with longer survival time on filter paper than on the glass surface. With the exception of deltamethrin, the different diluents (oil and acetone) also significantly affected (P < 0.05) the insecticide knockdown response of the susceptible strain in the filter paper-based insecticide bioassays, with longer survival time with acetone as the diluent. For both strains of C. hemipterus, there were no significant effects with the different surfaces and diluents for all insecticides except for malathion and imidacloprid, which was largely due to high levels of resistance. The lower effectiveness for the insecticide acetone-based treatment on filter paper may be due to crystal bloom. This occurs when an insecticide, dissolved in a volatile solvent, is applied onto absorptive surfaces. The effect is reduced on nonabsorptive surfaces and slowed down with oil-based insecticides, whereby the oil forms a film on absorptive surfaces. These findings suggest that nonabsorptive surfaces should be used in bioassays to monitor insecticide resistance. If absorptive surfaces are used in bioassays for testing active ingredients, then oil-based insecticides should be preferably used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Dang
- Urban Entomology Laboratory, Vector Control Research Unit, School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia (; )
| | - G Veera Singham
- Centre for Chemical Biology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 10 Persiaran Bukit Jambul, Penang 11900, Malaysia
| | - Stephen L Doggett
- Department of Medical Entomology, Pathology West, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - David G Lilly
- Department of Medical Entomology, University of Sydney, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Chow-Yang Lee
- Urban Entomology Laboratory, Vector Control Research Unit, School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia (; )
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22
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Wang QL, Liu TX. Effects of Three Insect Growth Regulators on Encarsia formosa (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), an Endoparasitoid of Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). J Econ Entomol 2016; 109:2290-2297. [PMID: 27744284 DOI: 10.1093/jee/tow216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Insect growth regulators (IGRs) disrupt the normal activity of the endocrine or hormone system of insects, affecting the development, reproduction, or metamorphosis of the target insects, and normally causing less detrimental effects to beneficial insects. The effects of three IGRs (pyriproxyfen, fenoxycarb, and buprofezin) on Encarsia formosa Gahan, an endoparasitoid of whiteflies, were determined using B. tabaci as a host. We assessed the effects of the IGRs on parasitoid's larval development, pupation, emergence, and contact effects of the dry residues on plant leaf and glass vial surface on adult mortality and parasitism. When the three IGRs were applied at larval stage, no or few larvae pupated in the pyriproxyfen treatments and the highest concentration of fenoxycarb, and a majority of larvae pupated in the buprofezin treatments; of those pupated, 62.3-88.1% became adults. When the IGRs were applied at the pupal stage, 2.3-17.5% developed to adults in the pyriproxyfen treatments, 59.7-89.0% in the fenoxycarb treatments, and 58.4-83.6% in the buprofezin treatments. The leaf residues of the IGRs had no appreciable effects on adults, whereas the residues on glass vial caused significantly lower adult survival than on plant leaves. The residues of pyriproxyfen and fenoxycarb slightly reduced parasitism as compared with buprofezin and controls. However, the rates of parasitoids that became adults were significantly lower, especially in the pyriproxyfen treatments. According to the standards of International Organization of Biological Control (IOBC), pyriproxyfen was harmful, while fenoxycarb and buprofezin were slightly or moderately harmful to larvae and harmless to E. formosa pupae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q L Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, and Key Laboratory of Northwest Loess Plateau Crop Pest Management of Ministry of Agriculture of China, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China (, )
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23
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Oropesa AL, Floro AM, Palma P. Assessment of the effects of the carbamazepine on the endogenous endocrine system of Daphnia magna. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2016; 23:17311-21. [PMID: 27225007 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6907-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the endocrine activity of the antiepileptic pharmaceutical carbamazepine (CBZ) in the crustacean Daphnia magna was assessed. To assess the hormonal activity of the drug, we exposed maternal daphnids and embryos to environmental relevant concentrations of CBZ (ranging from 10 to 200 μg/L) and to mixtures of CBZ with fenoxycarb (FEN; 1 μg/L). Chronic exposure to CBZ significantly decreased the reproductive output and the number of molts of D. magna at 200 μg/L. This compound induced the production of male offspring (12 ± 1.7 %), in a non-concentration-dependent manner, acting as a weak juvenile hormone analog. Results showed that this substance, at tested concentrations, did not antagonize the juvenoid action of FEN. Further, CBZ has shown to be toxic to daphnid embryos through maternal exposure interfering with their normal gastrulation and organogenesis stages but not producing direct embryo toxicity. These findings suggest that CBZ could act as an endocrine disruptor in D. magna as it decreases the reproductive output, interferes with sex determination, and causes development abnormality in offspring. Therefore, CBZ could directly affect the population sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Oropesa
- Unidad de Toxicología, Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, 06071, Spain.
| | - A M Floro
- Departamento de Tecnologias e Ciências Aplicadas, Escola Superior Agrária de Beja, Beja, 7801-295, Portugal
| | - P Palma
- Departamento de Tecnologias e Ciências Aplicadas, Escola Superior Agrária de Beja, Beja, 7801-295, Portugal
- CIMA-Centro de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, CIMA, FCT, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, 8005-139, Portugal
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24
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Liu XJ, Che M, Xie L, Zhan S, Zhou ZH, Huang YP, Wang Q. Metatranscriptome of the protistan community in Reticulitermes flaviceps. Insect Sci 2016; 23:543-547. [PMID: 27234337 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The hindgut of lower termites harbors various symbiotic protists, which perform varied functions in lignocellulose decomposition. As termites are social insects, the species and numbers of these flagellated protists in the termite gut vary among the different castes. Juvenile hormones (JHs) can regulate caste differentiation in termites. In this study, we used the juvenile hormone analog fenoxycarb to induce termite workers (Reticulitermes flaviceps) to differentiate into pre-soldiers. A metatranscriptomic investigation of the protistan community was then performed by 454 pyrosequencing. From a thorough analysis based on 597 312 generated reads, we found that the starch and sucrose metabolism pathway was the most abundant pathway across the metatranscriptome. The current study demonstrates that the metatranscriptome of the protistan community in termites contains an abundance of lignocellulase, which plays a vital role in termite nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jing Liu
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Che
- College of Science, Air Force Engineering University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lei Xie
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuai Zhan
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Hua Zhou
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong-Ping Huang
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Institute Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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25
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Teo CF, El-Karim EG, Wells L. Dissecting PUGNAc-mediated inhibition of the pro-survival action of insulin. Glycobiology 2016; 26:1198-1208. [PMID: 27072814 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cww043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies utilizing PUGNAc, the most widely used β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (OGA) inhibitor to increase global O-N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) levels, have reported a variety of effects including insulin resistance as a direct result of elevated O-GlcNAc levels. The notion of OGA inhibition causing insulin resistance was not replicated in studies in which elevated global O-GlcNAc levels were achieved using two other OGA inhibitors. Related to insulin action, work by others has suggested that O-GlcNAc elevation may inhibit the anti-apoptotic action of insulin. Thus, we examined the pro-survival action of insulin upon serum deprivation in the presence of PUGNAc as well as two selective OGA inhibitors (GlcNAcstatin-g and Thiamet-G), and a selective lysosomal hexosaminidase inhibitor (INJ2). We established that PUGNAc inhibits the pro-survival action of insulin but this effect is not recapitulated by the selective OGA inhibitors suggesting that elevation in O-GlcNAc levels alone is not responsible for PUGNAc's effect on the anti-apoptotic action of insulin. Further, we demonstrate that a selective hexosaminidase A/B (HexA/B) inhibitor does not impact insulin action suggesting that PUGNAc's effect is not due to inhibition of lysosomal hexosaminidase. Finally, we tested a combination of selective OGA and lysosomal hexosaminidase inhibitors but were not able to recapitulate the inhibition of insulin action generated by PUGNAc alone. These results strongly suggest that the defect in insulin action upon PUGNAc treatment does not derive from its inhibition of OGA or HexA/B, and that there is an unknown target of PUGNAc that is the likely culprit in inhibiting the protective effect of insulin from apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin Fen Teo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602-1516, USA
| | - Enas Gad El-Karim
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602-1516, USA
| | - Lance Wells
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602-1516, USA
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Coorg R, Weisenberg JLZ. Successful Treatment of Electrographic Status Epilepticus of Sleep With Felbamate in a Patient With SLC9A6 Mutation. Pediatr Neurol 2015; 53:527-31. [PMID: 26421989 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2015.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Revised: 07/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations of SLC9A6 may cause an X-linked clinical syndrome first described by Christianson in 1999 in which affected males exhibited profound intellectual disability, autism, drug-resistant epilepsy, ophthalmoplegia, mild craniofacial dysmorphism, microcephaly, and ataxia. METHODS We describe a child with an SLC9A6 mutation and an electroencephalographic pattern consistent with electrographic status epilepticus of sleep. RESULTS Our patient's electrographic status epilepticus of sleep resolved after treatment with felbamate. Following treatment, he remained seizure-free but did not make significant or lasting gains in language. CONCLUSION Our report extends the clinical epilepsy phenotype in children with SLC9A6 mutations to include electrographic status epilepticus of sleep. In addition, felbamate was an effective treatment for electrographic status epilepticus of sleep in our patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohini Coorg
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.
| | - Judith L Z Weisenberg
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.
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Mahmoudvand M, Moharramipour S. Sublethal Effects of Fenoxycarb on the Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae). J Insect Sci 2015; 15:82. [PMID: 26136495 PMCID: PMC4535573 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/iev064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The effects of fenoxycarb, a Juvenile hormone analogue, at sublethal concentrations were tested on some biological parameters of Plutella xylostella (L.) in two consecutive generations. The calculated LC10, LC25, and LC50 values of the insecticide were 21.58, 43.25, and 93.62 mg/liter on third-instar larvae, respectively. Fenoxycarb significantly reduced pupal weight and oviposition period in parent generation. In addition, the fecundity of treated groups (LC10 = 71.06, LC25 = 40.60 eggs per female) in parents was significantly lower than control (169.40 eggs per female). Although fenoxycarb could not affect gross reproductive rate and death rate, it decreased net reproductive rate, intrinsic rate of increase, finite rate of increase, and birth rate in offspring generation. Also, mean generation time and doubling time of treated insects was significantly longer than control at LC10 level. Therefore, the data from this study suggested that fenoxycarb could adversely cause population decline in the subsequent generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mahmoudvand
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Moharramipour
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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Alout H, Djègbè I, Chandre F, Djogbénou LS, Dabiré RK, Corbel V, Cohuet A. Insecticide exposure impacts vector-parasite interactions in insecticide-resistant malaria vectors. Proc Biol Sci 2014; 281:20140389. [PMID: 24850924 PMCID: PMC4046407 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2014.0389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, there is a strong trend towards increasing insecticide-based vector control coverage in malaria endemic countries. The ecological consequence of insecticide applications has been mainly studied regarding the selection of resistance mechanisms; however, little is known about their impact on vector competence in mosquitoes responsible for malaria transmission. As they have limited toxicity to mosquitoes owing to the selection of resistance mechanisms, insecticides may also interact with pathogens developing in mosquitoes. In this study, we explored the impact of insecticide exposure on Plasmodium falciparum development in insecticide-resistant colonies of Anopheles gambiae s.s., homozygous for the ace-1 G119S mutation (Acerkis) or the kdr L1014F mutation (Kdrkis). Exposure to bendiocarb insecticide reduced the prevalence and intensity of P. falciparum oocysts developing in the infected midgut of the Acerkis strain, whereas exposure to dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane reduced only the prevalence of P. falciparum infection in the Kdrkis strain. Thus, insecticide resistance leads to a selective pressure of insecticides on Plasmodium parasites, providing, to our knowledge, the first evidence of genotype by environment interactions on vector competence in a natural Anopheles-Plasmodium combination. Insecticide applications would affect the transmission of malaria in spite of resistance and would reduce to some degree the impact of insecticide resistance on malaria control interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoues Alout
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs, Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle (MIVEGEC), UM1-UM2-CNRS 5290 IRD 224, Montpellier, France Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS), 01 BP 545 Bobo-Dioulasso 01, Burkina Faso
| | - Innocent Djègbè
- Centre de Recherche Entomologique de Cotonou, Université d'Abomey-Calavi, 06 BP 2604 Cotonou, Bénin
| | - Fabrice Chandre
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs, Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle (MIVEGEC), UM1-UM2-CNRS 5290 IRD 224, Montpellier, France
| | - Luc Salako Djogbénou
- Institut Régional de Santé Publique, Université d'Abomey-Calavi, 01 BP 918 Cotonou, Bénin
| | - Roch Kounbobr Dabiré
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS), 01 BP 545 Bobo-Dioulasso 01, Burkina Faso
| | - Vincent Corbel
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs, Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle (MIVEGEC), UM1-UM2-CNRS 5290 IRD 224, Montpellier, France Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Anna Cohuet
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs, Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle (MIVEGEC), UM1-UM2-CNRS 5290 IRD 224, Montpellier, France Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS), 01 BP 545 Bobo-Dioulasso 01, Burkina Faso
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Mahoney JJ, Kalechstein AD, Verrico CD, Arnoudse NM, Shapiro BA, De La Garza R. Preliminary findings of the effects of rivastigmine, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, on working memory in cocaine-dependent volunteers. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2014; 50:137-42. [PMID: 24239594 PMCID: PMC4432863 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2013.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Revised: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Long-term cocaine use is a risk factor for the onset of neurocognitive impairment. This study sought to determine whether the cholinesterase inhibitor rivastigmine could improve neurocognitive performance in cocaine-dependent individuals. Cocaine-dependent individuals who were not seeking treatment at the time of enrollment in the study were randomly assigned to receive placebo (n=16), rivastigmine 3mg (n=13), or rivastigmine 6mg (n=12). The baseline neurocognitive assessment, which included measures of attention/information processing (as measured by the Continuous Performance Task-II (CPT-II)), verbal learning/episodic memory (as measured by the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised (HVLT-R)), and working memory (as measured by the Dual N-Back Task), was conducted prior to the administration of study medication (Day 0). The follow-up assessment was conducted on Day 8 after the participants had received rivastigmine or placebo for 7days (Day 2-8). Rivastigmine administration significantly improved performance on one measure of working memory span (mean n-back span). This study provides additional data showing that cocaine-associated neurocognitive impairment, specifically working memory deficits, can be remediated, at least to some degree.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J Mahoney
- Baylor College of Medicine, Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Ari D Kalechstein
- Baylor College of Medicine, Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Christopher D Verrico
- Baylor College of Medicine, Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Nicholas M Arnoudse
- Baylor College of Medicine, Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Benjamin A Shapiro
- Baylor College of Medicine, Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Richard De La Garza
- Baylor College of Medicine, Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, United States.
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Edi CV, Djogbénou L, Jenkins AM, Regna K, Muskavitch MAT, Poupardin R, Jones CM, Essandoh J, Kétoh GK, Paine MJI, Koudou BG, Donnelly MJ, Ranson H, Weetman D. CYP6 P450 enzymes and ACE-1 duplication produce extreme and multiple insecticide resistance in the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004236. [PMID: 24651294 PMCID: PMC3961184 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria control relies heavily on pyrethroid insecticides, to which susceptibility is declining in Anopheles mosquitoes. To combat pyrethroid resistance, application of alternative insecticides is advocated for indoor residual spraying (IRS), and carbamates are increasingly important. Emergence of a very strong carbamate resistance phenotype in Anopheles gambiae from Tiassalé, Côte d'Ivoire, West Africa, is therefore a potentially major operational challenge, particularly because these malaria vectors now exhibit resistance to multiple insecticide classes. We investigated the genetic basis of resistance to the most commonly-applied carbamate, bendiocarb, in An. gambiae from Tiassalé. Geographically-replicated whole genome microarray experiments identified elevated P450 enzyme expression as associated with bendiocarb resistance, most notably genes from the CYP6 subfamily. P450s were further implicated in resistance phenotypes by induction of significantly elevated mortality to bendiocarb by the synergist piperonyl butoxide (PBO), which also enhanced the action of pyrethroids and an organophosphate. CYP6P3 and especially CYP6M2 produced bendiocarb resistance via transgenic expression in Drosophila in addition to pyrethroid resistance for both genes, and DDT resistance for CYP6M2 expression. CYP6M2 can thus cause resistance to three distinct classes of insecticide although the biochemical mechanism for carbamates is unclear because, in contrast to CYP6P3, recombinant CYP6M2 did not metabolise bendiocarb in vitro. Strongly bendiocarb resistant mosquitoes also displayed elevated expression of the acetylcholinesterase ACE-1 gene, arising at least in part from gene duplication, which confers a survival advantage to carriers of additional copies of resistant ACE-1 G119S alleles. Our results are alarming for vector-based malaria control. Extreme carbamate resistance in Tiassalé An. gambiae results from coupling of over-expressed target site allelic variants with heightened CYP6 P450 expression, which also provides resistance across contrasting insecticides. Mosquito populations displaying such a diverse basis of extreme and cross-resistance are likely to be unresponsive to standard insecticide resistance management practices. Malaria control depends heavily on only four classes of insecticide to which Anopheles mosquitoes are increasingly resistant. It is important to manage insecticide application carefully to minimise increases in resistance, for example by using different compounds in combination or rotation. Recently, mosquitoes resistant to all available insecticides have been found in Tiassalé, West Africa, which could be problematic for resistance management, particularly if common genetic mechanisms are responsible (‘cross-resistance’). Tiassalé mosquitoes also exhibit extreme levels of resistance to the two most important classes, pyrethroids and carbamates. We investigated the genetic basis of extreme carbamate resistance and cross-resistance in Tiassalé, and the applicability of results in an additional population from Togo. We find that specific P450 enzymes are involved in both extreme and cross-resistance, including one, CYP6M2, which can cause resistance to three insecticide classes. However, amplification of a mutated version of the gene which codes for acetycholinesterase, the target site of both the carbamate and organophosphate insecticides, also plays an important role. Mechanisms involved in both extreme resistance and cross resistance are likely to be very resilient to insecticide management practices, and represent an alarming scenario for mosquito-targeted malaria control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constant V. Edi
- Vector Biology Department, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d'Ivoire, Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire
| | - Luc Djogbénou
- Vector Biology Department, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Institut Régional de Santé Publique/Université d ‘Abomey-Calavi, Ouidah, Bénin
| | - Adam M. Jenkins
- Biology Department, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Kimberly Regna
- Biology Department, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Marc A. T. Muskavitch
- Biology Department, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Rodolphe Poupardin
- Vector Biology Department, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher M. Jones
- Vector Biology Department, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - John Essandoh
- Vector Biology Department, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Department of Entomology and Wildlife, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Guillaume K. Kétoh
- Unité de Recherche en Ecotoxicologie (URET), Faculty of Sciences, Université de Lomé, Lomé, Togo
| | - Mark J. I. Paine
- Vector Biology Department, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin G. Koudou
- Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d'Ivoire, Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire
- Centre for Neglected Tropical Diseases, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Université Nangui-Abrogoua, UFR Sciences de la Nature, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Martin J. Donnelly
- Vector Biology Department, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Malaria Programme, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Hilary Ranson
- Vector Biology Department, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - David Weetman
- Vector Biology Department, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Nkya TE, Akhouayri I, Poupardin R, Batengana B, Mosha F, Magesa S, Kisinza W, David JP. Insecticide resistance mechanisms associated with different environments in the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae: a case study in Tanzania. Malar J 2014; 13:28. [PMID: 24460952 PMCID: PMC3913622 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2875-13-28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resistance of mosquitoes to insecticides is a growing concern in Africa. Since only a few insecticides are used for public health and limited development of new molecules is expected in the next decade, maintaining the efficacy of control programmes mostly relies on resistance management strategies. Developing such strategies requires a deep understanding of factors influencing resistance together with characterizing the mechanisms involved. Among factors likely to influence insecticide resistance in mosquitoes, agriculture and urbanization have been implicated but rarely studied in detail. The present study aimed at comparing insecticide resistance levels and associated mechanisms across multiple Anopheles gambiae sensu lato populations from different environments. METHODS Nine populations were sampled in three areas of Tanzania showing contrasting agriculture activity, urbanization and usage of insecticides for vector control. Insecticide resistance levels were measured in larvae and adults through bioassays with deltamethrin, DDT and bendiocarb. The distribution of An. gambiae sub-species and pyrethroid target-site mutations (kdr) were investigated using molecular assays. A microarray approach was used for identifying transcription level variations associated to different environments and insecticide resistance. RESULTS Elevated resistance levels to deltamethrin and DDT were identified in agriculture and urban areas as compared to the susceptible strain Kisumu. A significant correlation was found between adult deltamethrin resistance and agriculture activity. The subspecies Anopheles arabiensis was predominant with only few An. gambiae sensu stricto identified in the urban area of Dar es Salaam. The L1014S kdr mutation was detected at elevated frequency in An gambiae s.s. in the urban area but remains sporadic in An. arabiensis specimens. Microarrays identified 416 transcripts differentially expressed in any area versus the susceptible reference strain and supported the impact of agriculture on resistance mechanisms with multiple genes encoding pesticide targets, detoxification enzymes and proteins linked to neurotransmitter activity affected. In contrast, resistance mechanisms found in the urban area appeared more specific and more related to the use of insecticides for vector control. CONCLUSIONS Overall, this study confirmed the role of the environment in shaping insecticide resistance in mosquitoes with a major impact of agriculture activities. Results are discussed in relation to resistance mechanisms and the optimization of resistance management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresia E Nkya
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, UMR CNRS-Université de Grenoble 5553, BP 53, 38041, Grenoble cedex 09, France
- National Institute of Medical Research of Tanzania, Amani Medical Research Centre, P. O. Box 81, Tanga, Muheza, Tanzania
| | - Idir Akhouayri
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, UMR CNRS-Université de Grenoble 5553, BP 53, 38041, Grenoble cedex 09, France
| | - Rodolphe Poupardin
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Vector Group. Pembroke place, Liverpool L35QA, UK
| | - Bernard Batengana
- National Institute of Medical Research of Tanzania, Amani Medical Research Centre, P. O. Box 81, Tanga, Muheza, Tanzania
| | - Franklin Mosha
- KCM College of Tumaini University, P. O. Box. 2240, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Stephen Magesa
- RTI International-Tanzania, P.O.Box 369, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - William Kisinza
- National Institute of Medical Research of Tanzania, Amani Medical Research Centre, P. O. Box 81, Tanga, Muheza, Tanzania
| | - Jean-Philippe David
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, UMR CNRS-Université de Grenoble 5553, BP 53, 38041, Grenoble cedex 09, France
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Goodwin OY, Thomasson MS, Lin AJ, Sweeney MM, Macnaughtan MA. E. coli sabotages the in vivo production of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine-modified proteins. J Biotechnol 2013; 168:315-23. [PMID: 24140293 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2013.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Revised: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 10/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) post-translational modification is an important, regulatory modification of cytosolic and nuclear enzymes. To date, no 3-dimensional structures of O-GlcNAc-modified proteins exist due to difficulties in producing sufficient quantities with either in vitro or in vivo techniques. Recombinant co-expression of substrate protein and O-GlcNAc transferase in Escherichia coli was used to produce O-GlcNAc-modified domains of human cAMP responsive element-binding protein (CREB1) and Abelson tyrosine-kinase 2 (ABL2). Recombinant expression in E. coli is an advantageous approach, but only small quantities of insoluble O-GlcNAc-modified protein were produced. Adding β-N-acetylglucosaminidase inhibitor, O-(2-acetamido-2-dexoy-D-glucopyranosylidene)amino-N-phenylcarbamate (PUGNAc), to the culture media provided the first evidence that an E. coli enzyme cleaves O-GlcNAc from proteins in vivo. With the inhibitor present, the yields of O-GlcNAc-modified protein increased. The E. coli β-N-acetylglucosaminidase was isolated and shown to cleave O-GlcNAc from a synthetic O-GlcNAc-peptide in vitro. The identity of the interfering β-N-acetylglucosaminidase was confirmed by testing a nagZ knockout strain. In E. coli, NagZ natively cleaves the GlcNAc-β1,4-N-acetylmuramic acid linkage to recycle peptidoglycan in the cytoplasm and cleaves the GlcNAc-β-O-linkage of foreign O-GlcNAc-modified proteins in vivo, sabotaging the recombinant co-expression system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Octavia Y Goodwin
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, United States
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Johnson B, Opimba M, Bernier J. Implications of the O-GlcNAc modification in the regulation of nuclear apoptosis in T cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2013; 1840:191-8. [PMID: 24035784 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Revised: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a nutrient-/stress-sensitive post-translational modification that affects nucleocytoplasmic proteins. The enzyme O-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) catalyzes the addition of O-GlcNAc, whereas O-N-acetylglucosaminidase (OGA) removes it. O-GlcNAcylation plays a role in fundamental regulatory mechanisms through the modification of proteins involved in cell division, metabolism, transcription, cell signaling and apoptosis. The effects of O-GlcNAcylation on apoptosis appear to be cell-dependent, as elevated levels played a protective role in primary neonatal rat ventricular myocytes but had a cytotoxic effect in rat pancreatic β-cells. The aim of the current study was to determine the implications of the O-GlcNAc modification on T cell apoptosis. METHODS Human T lymphoblastic HPB-ALL cells were treated with the OGA inhibitor O-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-d-glucopyranosylidene) amino-N-phenylcarbamate (PUGNAc), or with glucosamine (GlcN), to increase O-GlcNAcylation. Apoptosis was induced in the presence of tributyltin (TBT). DNA fragmentation was observed by cell cycle analysis and corresponded to the sub G0/G1 population. O-GlcNAcylated proteins were detected by immunoblot using a specific antibody (ctd110.6) and were precipitated using succinylated wheat germ agglutinin (sWGA). RESULTS HPB-ALL cells treated with PUGNAc displayed a significant reduction in DNA fragmentation after TBT-induced apoptosis. DFF45, the protein that inhibits the endonuclease DFF40, was identified to be O-GlcNAc modified. O-GlcNAcylated DFF45 appeared to be more resistant to caspase cleavage during apoptosis. Our results suggest that a decrease in the O-GlcNAc modification on DFF45 occurs before its cleavage by caspase. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Our results indicate that the O-GlcNAcylation of DFF45 may represent a mechanism to control the accidental activation of DFF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Johnson
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, 531 Boul. des Prairies, Laval, QC H7V1B7, Canada
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Carter HE, Cools HJ, West JS, Shaw MW, Fraaije BA. Detection and molecular characterisation of Pyrenopeziza brassicae isolates resistant to methyl benzimidazole carbamates. Pest Manag Sci 2013; 69:1040-1048. [PMID: 23760810 DOI: 10.1002/ps.3585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Revised: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methyl benzimidazole carbamate (MBC) fungicides are used to control the oilseed rape pathogen Pyrenopeziza brassicae. Resistance to MBCs has been reported in P. brassicae, but the molecular mechanism(s) associated with reductions in sensitivity have not been verified in this species. Elucidation of the genetic changes responsible for resistance, hypothesised to be target-site mutations in β-tubulin, will enable resistance diagnostics and thereby inform resistance management strategies. RESULTS P. brassicae isolates were classified as sensitive, moderately resistant or resistant to MBCs. Crossing P. brassicae isolates of different MBC sensitivities indicated that resistance was conferred by a single gene. The MBC-target encoding gene β-tubulin was cloned and sequenced. Reduced MBC sensitivity of field isolates correlated with β-tubulin amino acid substitutions L240F and E198A. The highest level of MBC resistance was measured for isolates carrying E198A. Negative cross-resistance between MBCs and the fungicides diethofencarb and zoxamide was only measured in E198A isolates. PCR-RFLP was used to screen isolates for the presence of L240F and E198A. The substitutions E198G and F200Y were also detected in DNA samples from P. brassicae populations after cloning and sequencing of PCR products. The frequencies of L240F and E198A in different P. brassicae populations were quantified by pyrosequencing. There were no differences in the frequencies of these alleles between P. brassicae populations sampled from different locations or after fungicide treatment regimes. CONCLUSIONS The molecular mechanisms affecting sensitivity to MBCs in P. brassicae have been identified. Pyrosequencing assays are a powerful tool for quantifying fungicide-resistant alleles in pathogen populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen E Carter
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, UK
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Zugno AI, Julião RF, Budni J, Volpato AM, Fraga DB, Pacheco FD, Deroza PF, Luca RD, de Oliveira MB, Heylmann AS, Quevedo J. Rivastigmine reverses cognitive deficit and acetylcholinesterase activity induced by ketamine in an animal model of schizophrenia. Metab Brain Dis 2013; 28:501-8. [PMID: 23775300 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-013-9417-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is one of the most disabling mental disorders that affects up to 1 % of the population worldwide. Although the causes of this disorder remain unknown, it has been extensively characterized by a broad range of emotional, ideational and cognitive impairments. Studies indicate that schizophrenia affects neurotransmitters such as dopamine, glutamate and acetylcholine. Recent studies suggest that rivastigmine (an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor) is important to improve the cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia. Therefore, the present study evaluated the protective effect of rivastigmine against the ketamine-induced behavioral (hyperlocomotion and cognitive deficit) and biochemical (increase of acetylcholinesterase activity) changes which characterize an animal model of schizophrenia in rats. Our results indicated that rivastigmine was effective to improve the cognitive deficit in different task (immediate memory, long term memory and short term memory) induced by ketamine in rats. Moreover, we observed that rivastigmina reversed the increase of acetylcholinesterase activity induced by ketamine in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus and striatum. However, rivastigmine was not able to prevent the ketamine-induced hyperlocomotion. In conslusion, ours results indicate that cholinergic system might be an important therapeutic target in the physiopathology of schizophrenia, mainly in the cognition, but additional studies should be carried.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra I Zugno
- Laboratório de Neurociências, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), and Núcleo de Excelência em Neurociências Aplicadas de Santa Catarina (NENASC), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, 88806-000, Criciúma, SC, Brazil.
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Kanwal S, Fardini Y, Pagesy P, N’Tumba-Byn T, Pierre-Eugène C, Masson E, Hampe C, Issad T. O-GlcNAcylation-inducing treatments inhibit estrogen receptor α expression and confer resistance to 4-OH-tamoxifen in human breast cancer-derived MCF-7 cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e69150. [PMID: 23935944 PMCID: PMC3730543 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
O-GlcNAcylation (addition of N-acetyl-glucosamine on serine or threonine
residues) is a post-translational modification that regulates stability,
activity or localization of cytosolic and nuclear proteins. O-linked
N-acetylgluocosmaine transferase (OGT) uses UDP-GlcNAc, produced in the
hexosamine biosynthetic pathway to O-GlcNacylate proteins. Removal of O-GlcNAc
from proteins is catalyzed by the β-N-Acetylglucosaminidase (OGA). Recent
evidences suggest that O-GlcNAcylation may affect the growth of cancer cells.
However, the consequences of O-GlcNAcylation on anti-cancer therapy have not
been evaluated. In this work, we studied the effects of O-GlcNAcylation on
tamoxifen-induced cell death in the breast cancer-derived MCF-7 cells.
Treatments that increase O-GlcNAcylation (PUGNAc and/or glucosoamine) protected
MCF-7 cells from death induced by tamoxifen. In contrast, inhibition of OGT
expression by siRNA potentiated the effect of tamoxifen on cell death. Since the
PI-3 kinase/Akt pathway is a major regulator of cell survival, we used BRET to
evaluate the effect of PUGNAc+glucosamine on PIP3 production. We
observed that these treatments stimulated PIP3 production in MCF-7
cells. This effect was associated with an increase in Akt phosphorylation.
However, the PI-3 kinase inhibitor LY294002, which abolished the effect of
PUGNAc+glucosamine on Akt phosphorylation, did not impair the protective effects
of PUGNAc+glucosamine against tamoxifen-induced cell death. These results
suggest that the protective effects of O-GlcNAcylation are independent of the
PI-3 kinase/Akt pathway. As tamoxifen sensitivity depends on the estrogen
receptor (ERα) expression level, we evaluated the effect of PUGNAc+glucosamine
on the expression of this receptor. We observed that O-GlcNAcylation-inducing
treatment significantly reduced the expression of ERα mRNA and protein,
suggesting a potential mechanism for the decreased tamoxifen sensitivity induced
by these treatments. Therefore, our results suggest that inhibition of
O-GlcNAcylation may constitute an interesting approach to improve the
sensitivity of breast cancer to anti-estrogen therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahzina Kanwal
- Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, CNRS (UMR8104), Paris,
France
- INSERM, U1016, Paris, France
| | - Yann Fardini
- Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, CNRS (UMR8104), Paris,
France
- INSERM, U1016, Paris, France
| | - Patrick Pagesy
- Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, CNRS (UMR8104), Paris,
France
- INSERM, U1016, Paris, France
| | - Thierry N’Tumba-Byn
- Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, CNRS (UMR8104), Paris,
France
- INSERM, U1016, Paris, France
| | - Cécile Pierre-Eugène
- Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, CNRS (UMR8104), Paris,
France
- INSERM, U1016, Paris, France
| | - Elodie Masson
- Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, CNRS (UMR8104), Paris,
France
- INSERM, U1016, Paris, France
| | - Cornelia Hampe
- Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, CNRS (UMR8104), Paris,
France
- INSERM, U1016, Paris, France
| | - Tarik Issad
- Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, CNRS (UMR8104), Paris,
France
- INSERM, U1016, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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Aïkpon R, Agossa F, Ossè R, Oussou O, Aïzoun N, Oké-Agbo F, Akogbéto M. Bendiocarb resistance in Anopheles gambiae s.l. populations from Atacora department in Benin, West Africa: a threat for malaria vector control. Parasit Vectors 2013; 6:192. [PMID: 23803527 PMCID: PMC3698110 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-6-192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 06/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Owing to pyrethroid resistance in An. gambiae, the carbamate and organophosphate insecticides are currently regarded as alternatives or supplements to pyrethroids for use on mosquito net treatments. Resistance monitoring is therefore essential to investigate the susceptibility of An. gambiae s.l to these alternative products. METHODS Two to three day old adult female Anopheles mosquitoes were reared from larvae collected in the five districts (Kouandé, Natitingou, Matéri, Péhunco, Tanguiéta) of the Atacora department. Mosquitoes were then exposed to WHO impregnated papers. The four treatments consisted of: carbamates (0.1% bendiocarb, 0.1% propoxur) and organophosphates (0.25% pirimiphosmethyl, 1% fenitrothion). PCR assays were run to determine the members of the An. gambiae complex, the molecular forms (M) and (S), as well as phenotypes for insensitive acetylcholinesterase (AChE1) due to ace-1(R) mutation. RESULTS Bioassays showed bendiocarb resistance in all populations of An. gambiae s.s. tested. Propoxur resistance was observed in Matéri, Péhunco and Tanguiéta, while it was suspected in Kouandé and Natitingou. As for the organophosphates, susceptibility to pirimiphos-methyl was assessed in all populations. Fenitrothion resistance was detected in Kouandé, Péhunco and Tanguiéta, while it was suspected in Matéri and Natitingou. The S-form was predominant in tested samples (94.44%). M and S molecular forms were sympatric but no M/S hybrids were detected. The ace-1(R) mutation was found in both S and M molecular forms with frequency from 3.6 to 12%. Although the homozygous resistant genotype was the most prevalent genotype among survivors, the genotypes could not entirely explain the bioassay results. CONCLUSION Evidence of bendiocarb resistance in An. gambiae populations is a clear indication that calls for the implementation of insecticide resistance management strategies. The ace-1(R) mutation could not entirely explain the resistance to bendiocarb observed and is highly suggestive of involvement of other resistance mechanisms such as metabolic detoxification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rock Aïkpon
- Centre de Recherche Entomologique de Cotonou (CREC), 06 BP 2604, Cotonou, Bénin.
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Ochomo E, Bayoh MN, Brogdon WG, Gimnig JE, Ouma C, Vulule JM, Walker ED. Pyrethroid resistance in Anopheles gambiae s.s. and Anopheles arabiensis in western Kenya: phenotypic, metabolic and target site characterizations of three populations. Med Vet Entomol 2013; 27:156-64. [PMID: 22861380 PMCID: PMC4744475 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2915.2012.01039.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Field and laboratory investigations revealed phenotypic, target site and metabolic resistance to permethrin in an Anopheles gambiae s.s. (Diptera: Culicidae) population in Bungoma District, a region in western Kenya in which malaria is endemic and rates of ownership of insecticide-treated bednets are high. The sensitivity of individual An. gambiae s.l. females as indicated in assays using World Health Organization (WHO) test kits demonstrated reduced mortality in response to permethrin, deltamethrin and bendiocarb. Estimated time to knock-down of 50% (KDT50 ) of the test population in Centers for Disease Control (CDC) bottle bioassays was significantly lengthened for the three insecticides compared with that in a susceptible control strain. Anopheles arabiensis from all three sites showed higher mortality to all three insecticides in the WHO susceptibility assays compared with the CDC bottle assays, in which they showed less sensitivity and longer KDT50 than the reference strain for permethrin and deltamethrin. Microplate assays revealed elevated activity of β-esterases and oxidases, but not glutathione-S-transferase, in An. gambiae s.s. survivors exposed to permethrin in bottle bioassays compared with knocked down and unexposed individuals. No An. arabiensis showed elevated enzyme activity. The 1014S kdr allele was fixed in the Bungoma An. gambiae s.s. population and absent from An. arabiensis, whereas the 1014F kdr allele was absent from all samples of both species. Insecticide resistance could compromise vector control in Bungoma and could spread to other areas as coverage with longlasting insecticide-treated bednets increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Ochomo
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, School of Public Health and Community Development, Maseno University, Maseno, Kenya.
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Lagator M, Vogwill T, Mead A, Colegrave N, Neve P. Herbicide mixtures at high doses slow the evolution of resistance in experimentally evolving populations of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. New Phytol 2013; 198:938-945. [PMID: 23432427 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The widespread evolution of resistance to herbicides is a pressing issue in global agriculture. Evolutionary principles and practices are key to the management of this threat to global food security. The application of mixtures of herbicides has been advocated as an anti-resistance strategy, without substantial empirical support for its validation. We evolved experimentally populations of the unicellular green chlorophyte, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, to minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of single-herbicide modes of action and to pair-wise and three-way mixtures between different herbicides at various total combined doses. Herbicide mixtures were most effective when each component was applied at or close to its MIC. When doses were high, increasing the number of mixture components was also effective in reducing the evolution of resistance. Employing mixtures at low combined doses did not retard resistance evolution, even accelerating the evolution of resistance to some components. At low doses, increasing the number of herbicides in the mixture tended to select for more generalist resistance (cross-resistance). Our results reinforce findings from the antibiotic resistance literature and confirm that herbicide mixtures can be very effective for resistance management, but that mixtures should only be employed where the economic and environmental context permits the applications of high combined doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mato Lagator
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Tom Vogwill
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PS, UK
| | - Andrew Mead
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Nick Colegrave
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JT, UK
| | - Paul Neve
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
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Herman AP, Krawczyńska A, Bochenek J, Haziak K, Antushevitch H, Herman A, Tomaszewska-Zaremba D. Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity by rivastigmine decreases lipopolysaccharide-induced IL-1β expression in the hypothalamus of ewes. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2013; 44:109-14. [PMID: 23291013 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2012.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2012] [Revised: 10/05/2012] [Accepted: 10/05/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The present study was designed to determine the effect of subcutaneous rivastigmine treatment on IL-1β expression and IL-1 type I receptor (IL-1R1) gene expression in the hypothalamic structures (preoptic area [POA], anterior hypothalamus [AHA], and medial basal hypothalamus [MBH]) of ewes after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment. Endotoxin treatment increased (P ≤ 0.01) both IL-1β and IL-1R1 gene expression in the POA, AHA, and MBH compared with the control group, whereas concomitant rivastigmine and LPS injection abolished this stimulatory effect. It was also found that LPS elevated (P ≤ 0.01) IL-1β concentration in the hypothalamus (71.0 ± 2.3 pg/mg) compared with controls (16.1 ± 3.6 pg/mg). The simultaneous injection of LPS and rivastigmine did not increase IL-1β concentration in the hypothalamus (24.6 ± 13.0 pg/mg). This central change in IL-1β synthesis seems to be an effect of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition by rivastigmine, which decreases (P ≤ 0.01) the activity of this enzyme from 78.5 ± 15.0 μmol · min(-1) · g(-1) of total protein in the control and 68.8 ± 9.8 μmol · min(-1) · g(-1) of total protein in LPS-treated animals to 45.2 ± 5.6 μmol · min(-1) · g(-1) of total protein in the rivastigmine and LPS-treated group. Our study showed that rivastigmine could effectively reverse the stimulatory effect of immune stress induced by LPS injection on IL-1β synthesis through a decrease in AChE activity in the hypothalamic area of sheep. Our results also proved that the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway could directly modulate the central response to endotoxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Herman
- Department of Neuroendocrinology, Polish Academy of Sciences, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland.
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Bisset JA, Marín R, Rodríguez MM, Severson DW, Ricardo Y, French L, Díaz M, Pérez O. Insecticide resistance in two Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) strains from Costa Rica. J Med Entomol 2013; 50:352-361. [PMID: 23540124 DOI: 10.1603/me12064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Dengue (family Flaviridae, genus Flavivirus, DENV) and dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) are presently important public health problems in Costa Rica. The primary strategy for disease control is based on reducing population densities of the main mosquito vector Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae). This is heavily dependent on use of chemical insecticides, thus the development of resistance is a frequent threat to control program effectiveness. The objective of this study was to determine the levels of insecticide resistance and the metabolic resistance mechanisms involved in two Ae. aegypti strains collected from two provinces (Puntarenas and Limon) in Costa Rica. Bioassays with larvae were performed according to World Health Organization guidelines and resistance in adults was measured through standard bottle assays. The activities of beta-esterases, cytochrome P450 monooxygenases, and glutathione S-transferases (GST), were assayed through synergists and biochemical tests, wherein the threshold criteria for each enzyme was established using the susceptible Rockefeller strain. The results showed higher resistance levels to the organophosphate (OP) temephos and the pyrethroid deltamethrin in larvae. The efficacy of commercial formulations of temephos in controlling Ae. aegypti populations was 100% mortality up to 11 and 12 d posttreatment with daily water replacements in test containers. Temephos and deltamethrin resistance in larvae were associated with high esterase activity, but not to cytochrome P450 monooxygenase or GST activities. Adult mosquitoes were resistant to deltamethrin, and susceptible to bendiocarb, chlorpyrifos, and cypermethrin. Because temephos and deltamethrin resistance are emerging at the studied sites, alternative insecticides should be considered. The insecticides chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin could be good candidates to use as alternatives for Ae. aegypti control.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Bisset
- Institute of Tropical Medicine "Pedro Kouri" Cuba. A. Postal 601, Marianao 13, Ciudad de La Habana, Cuba.
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Mahdy K, Shaker O, Wafay H, Nassar Y, Hassan H, Hussein A. Effect of some medicinal plant extracts on the oxidative stress status in Alzheimer's disease induced in rats. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2012; 16 Suppl 3:31-42. [PMID: 22957416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder. Increased oxidative stress has been shown to be a prominent and early feature in AD. Medicinal plants with antioxidant activities have been used traditionally in the treatment of several human diseases. The present study aims to investigate the effect of Salvia triloba and Piper nigrum plant extracts on the oxidative stress status in Alzheimer's disease induced in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS 70 male rats were enrolled in this study and were classified into 7 groups (ten each). Group 1: control group, group 2: AD-induced rats by aluminum chloride, and served as positive control; group 3: AD group treated with Rivastigmine in a dose of 0.3 mg/kg b. wt. daily for three months; group 4 & 5: AD group treated with total extract of Salvia triloba in a dose of 750 or 375 mg/kg b. wt. respectively, daily for three months; group 6 & 7: AD group treated with total extract Piper nigrum in a dose of 187.5 or 93.75 mg/kg b. wt. respectively, daily for three months. After three months of treatment animals' sera and brain samples were collected. Malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were determined in serum while superoxide dismutase (SOD) in erythrocyte. Brain samples were divided sagitally into two portions, the first portion was separated for determination of acetylcholine (Ach) and acetycholinesterase (AchE). The second portion was used for histopathological investigation. RESULTS The results indicated that extracts of Salvia triloba and Piper nigrum as well as Rivastigmine showed significant increase in brain Ach, serum TAC and SOD and significant decreases in brain AchE, MDA and NO in AD-induced rats. Moreover, histological investigation of brain sections showing nearly normal histological structure of hippocampus. Treatment with Salvia triloba in a dose of 750 mg/kg b. wt. was more powerful in protection from Alzheimer's disease than Piper nigrum, as indicated by both biochemical and histopathological findings. CONCLUSION This study revealed that the treatment of AD-induced rats with Salvia triloba and Piper nigrum, total plant extracts significantly reduced the oxidative stress status and ameliorates the neurodegeneration characteristic of Alzheimer's diseases in rats. Noteworthy, Salvia triloba extract showed more interest in improvement Alzheimer's disease in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Mahdy
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, National Research Center, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
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Abstract
In this work we consider marketed drugs for Alzheimer disease (AD) including acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChE-Is) and antiglutamatergic treatment involving the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor. We discuss medications and substances available for use as cognitive enhancers that are not approved for AD or cognitive impairment, and other neurotransmitter-related therapies in development or currently being researched. We also review putative therapies that aim to slow disease progression by mechanisms not directly related to amyloid or tau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul S Aisen
- University of California, San Diego, California 92093, USA.
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Mehdy A, Morelle W, Rosnoblet C, Legrand D, Lefebvre T, Duvet S, Foulquier F. PUGNAc treatment leads to an unusual accumulation of free oligosaccharides in CHO cells. J Biochem 2012; 151:439-46. [PMID: 22337894 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvs012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Free oligosaccharides (fOS) are generated as the result of N-glycoproteins catabolism that occurs in two distinct principal pathways: the endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) of misfolded newly synthesized N-glycoproteins and the mature N-glycoproteins turnover pathway. The O-(2-acetamidO-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranosylidene) amino-N-phenylcarbamate (PUGNAc) is a potent inhibitor of the O-GlcNAcase (OGA) catalysing the cleavage of β-O-linked 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-glucopyranoside (O-GlcNAc) from serine and threonine residues of post-translationaly O-GlcNAc modified proteins. In order to estimate the impact of O-GlcNAc modification on N-glycoproteins catabolism, fOS were analysed by mass spectrometry (MS). MS analysis revealed the appearance of an unusual population of fOS after PUGNAc treatment. The structures representing this population have been identified as containing non-reducing end GlcNAc residues resulting from incomplete lysosomal fOS degradation. Only observed after PUGNAc treatment, the NButGt, another OGA inhibitor, did not lead to the appearance of this population. These abnormal fOS structures have clearly been shown to accumulate in membrane fractions as the consequence of lysosomal β-hexosaminidases inhibition by PUGNAc. As lysosomal storage disorders (LSD) are characterized by the accumulation of storage material as fOS in lysosomes, our study evokes that the use of PUGNAc could mimic a LSD. This study clearly points out another off target effects of PUGNAc that need to be taken into account in the use of this drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mehdy
- IFR147, UMR8576 CNRS Laboratoire de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, USTL, Villeneuve D'Ascq, France
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Fujii A, Shinagawa R, Chatani Y, Toriyama K, Shirahase T, Suzuki K. [Pharmacological profile and clinical results of the rivastigmine patch as a new therapeutic agent for Alzheimer's disease]. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi 2012; 139:26-32. [PMID: 22230878 DOI: 10.1254/fpj.139.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
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Bailey JA, Ray B, Greig NH, Lahiri DK. Rivastigmine lowers Aβ and increases sAPPα levels, which parallel elevated synaptic markers and metabolic activity in degenerating primary rat neurons. PLoS One 2011; 6:e21954. [PMID: 21799757 PMCID: PMC3142110 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2011] [Accepted: 06/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Overproduction of amyloid-β (Aβ) protein in the brain has been hypothesized as the primary toxic insult that, via numerous mechanisms, produces cognitive deficits in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Cholinesterase inhibition is a primary strategy for treatment of AD, and specific compounds of this class have previously been demonstrated to influence Aβ precursor protein (APP) processing and Aβ production. However, little information is available on the effects of rivastigmine, a dual acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitor, on APP processing. As this drug is currently used to treat AD, characterization of its various activities is important to optimize its clinical utility. We have previously shown that rivastigmine can preserve or enhance neuronal and synaptic terminal markers in degenerating primary embryonic cerebrocortical cultures. Given previous reports on the effects of APP and Aβ on synapses, regulation of APP processing represents a plausible mechanism for the synaptic effects of rivastigmine. To test this hypothesis, we treated degenerating primary cultures with rivastigmine and measured secreted APP (sAPP) and Aβ. Rivastigmine treatment increased metabolic activity in these cultured cells, and elevated APP secretion. Analysis of the two major forms of APP secreted by these cultures, attributed to neurons or glia based on molecular weight showed that rivastigmine treatment significantly increased neuronal relative to glial secreted APP. Furthermore, rivastigmine treatment increased α-secretase cleaved sAPPα and decreased Aβ secretion, suggesting a therapeutic mechanism wherein rivastigmine alters the relative activities of the secretase pathways. Assessment of sAPP levels in rodent CSF following once daily rivastigmine administration for 21 days confirmed that elevated levels of APP in cell culture translated in vivo. Taken together, rivastigmine treatment enhances neuronal sAPP and shifts APP processing toward the α-secretase pathway in degenerating neuronal cultures, which mirrors the trend of synaptic proteins, and metabolic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason A. Bailey
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Balmiki Ray
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Nigel H. Greig
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore Maryland, United States of America
| | - Debomoy K. Lahiri
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
- Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Raghavendra K, Barik TK, Sharma P, Bhatt RM, Srivastava HC, Sreehari U, Dash AP. Chlorfenapyr: a new insecticide with novel mode of action can control pyrethroid resistant malaria vectors. Malar J 2011; 10:16. [PMID: 21266037 PMCID: PMC3039634 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2875-10-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2010] [Accepted: 01/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malaria vectors have acquired widespread resistance to many of the currently used insecticides, including synthetic pyrethroids. Hence, there is an urgent need to develop alternative insecticides for effective management of insecticide resistance in malaria vectors. In the present study, chlorfenapyr was evaluated against Anopheles culicifacies and Anopheles stephensi for its possible use in vector control. METHODS Efficacy of chlorfenapyr against An. culicifacies and An. stephensi was assessed using adult bioassay tests. In the laboratory, determination of diagnostic dose, assessment of residual activity on different substrates, cross-resistance pattern with different insecticides and potentiation studies using piperonyl butoxide were undertaken by following standard procedures. Potential cross-resistance patterns were assessed on field populations of An. culicifacies. RESULTS A dose of 5.0% chlorfenapyr was determined as the diagnostic concentration for assessing susceptibility applying the WHO tube test method in anopheline mosquitoes with 2 h exposure and 48 h holding period. The DDT-resistant/malathion-deltamethrin-susceptible strain of An. culicifacies species C showed higher LD50 and LD99 (0.67 and 2.39% respectively) values than the DDT-malathion-deltamethrin susceptible An. culicifacies species A (0.41 and 2.0% respectively) and An. stephensi strains (0.43 and 2.13% respectively) and there was no statistically significant difference in mortalities among the three mosquito species tested (p > 0.05). Residual activity of chlorfenapyr a.i. of 400 mg/m2 on five fabricated substrates, namely wood, mud, mud+lime, cement and cement + distemper was found to be effective up to 24 weeks against An. culicifacies and up to 34 weeks against An. stephensi. No cross-resistance to DDT, malathion, bendiocarb and deltamethrin was observed with chlorfenapyr in laboratory-reared strains of An. stephensi and field-caught An. culicifacies. Potentiation studies demonstrated the antagonistic effect of PBO. CONCLUSION Laboratory studies with susceptible and resistant strains of An. culicifacies and An. stephensi, coupled with limited field studies with multiple insecticide-resistant An. culicifacies have shown that chlorfenapyr can be a suitable insecticide for malaria vector control, in multiple-insecticide-resistant mosquitoes especially in areas with pyrethroid resistant mosquitoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamaraju Raghavendra
- National Institute of Malaria Research (ICMR), Sector 8, Dwarka, New Delhi- 110 077, India
| | - Tapan K Barik
- National Institute of Malaria Research (ICMR), Sector 8, Dwarka, New Delhi- 110 077, India
| | - Poonam Sharma
- National Institute of Malaria Research (ICMR), Sector 8, Dwarka, New Delhi- 110 077, India
| | - Rajendra M Bhatt
- National Institute of Malaria Research Field Unit, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | | | - Uragayala Sreehari
- National Institute of Malaria Research (ICMR), Sector 8, Dwarka, New Delhi- 110 077, India
| | - Aditya P Dash
- National Institute of Malaria Research (ICMR), Sector 8, Dwarka, New Delhi- 110 077, India
- World Health Organization, South East Asia Regional Office, Indraprastha Estate, New Delhi-110002 India
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49
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Abstract
Two homologous series of racemic diastereomeric cis- and trans-(2-dimethylaminomethylcycloheptyl)-2-alkoxyphenylcarbamates with alkyl chain lengths ranging from C₁ to C₈ were synthesized by stereoselective reactions. The chemical structures of these compounds were confirmed by ¹H-NMR, ¹³C-NMR and IR spectroscopy and their physico-chemical properties were characterized. The two new series of diastereomeric compounds were tested for their local anesthetic activity and parabolic relationship between the local anesthetic activity and lipophilicity was found for both cis- and trans-series. Interestingly, cis-stereoisomers exhibited higher local anesthetic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fridrich Gregan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Matej Bel University: Banska Bystrica 974 01, Slovakia
| | - Juraj Gregan
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Department of Chromosome Biology, University of Vienna, Dr Bohr-Gasse 1, 1030 Vienna. Austria
| | - Marek Skorsepa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Matej Bel University: Banska Bystrica 974 01, Slovakia
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50
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Otevrel J, Mandelova Z, Pesko M, Guo J, Kralova K, Sersen F, Vejsova M, Kalinowski DS, Kovacevic Z, Coffey A, Csollei J, Richardson DR, Jampilek J. Investigating the spectrum of biological activity of ring-substituted salicylanilides and carbamoylphenylcarbamates. Molecules 2010; 15:8122-42. [PMID: 21072023 PMCID: PMC6259458 DOI: 10.3390/molecules15118122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2010] [Revised: 11/05/2010] [Accepted: 11/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a series of twelve ring-substituted salicylanilides and carbamoylphenylcarbamates were prepared and characterized. The compounds were analyzed using RP-HPLC to determine lipophilicity. They were tested for their activity related to the inhibition of photosynthetic electron transport (PET) in spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) chloroplasts. Moreover, their site of action in the photosynthetic apparatus was determined. Primary in vitro screening of the synthesized compounds was also performed against mycobacterial, bacterial and fungal strains. Several compounds showed biological activity comparable with or higher than the standards 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea, isoniazid, penicillin G, ciprofloxacin or fluconazole. The most active compounds showed minimal anti-proliferative activity against human cells in culture, indicating they would have low cytotoxicity. For all compounds, the relationships between lipophilicity and the chemical structure are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Otevrel
- Department of Chemical Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackeho 1/3, 61242 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Mandelova
- Department of Chemical Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackeho 1/3, 61242 Brno, Czech Republic
- Zentiva k.s., U kabelovny 130, 102 37 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Matus Pesko
- Department of Ecosozology and Physiotactics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Mlynska dolina Ch-2, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jiahui Guo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Cork Institute of Technology, Bishopstown, Cork, Ireland
| | - Katarina Kralova
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Mlynska dolina Ch-2, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Frantisek Sersen
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Mlynska dolina Ch-2, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Marcela Vejsova
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovskeho 1203, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Danuta S. Kalinowski
- Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Zaklina Kovacevic
- Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Aidan Coffey
- Department of Biological Sciences, Cork Institute of Technology, Bishopstown, Cork, Ireland
| | - Jozef Csollei
- Department of Chemical Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackeho 1/3, 61242 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Des R. Richardson
- Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Josef Jampilek
- Department of Chemical Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackeho 1/3, 61242 Brno, Czech Republic
- Zentiva k.s., U kabelovny 130, 102 37 Prague, Czech Republic
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +420267243695; Fax: +420272701331
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