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Li J, Guo Q, Wei X, Zhu Y, Luo M, Luo P. Association of serum Nrf2 protein levels with disease activity and renal impairment in lupus nephritis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1304167. [PMID: 38304428 PMCID: PMC10830626 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1304167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction We aimed to investigate the relationship between nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) protein expression levels, lupus nephritis (LN) disease activity, and the degree of renal injury (based on the estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR]) in patients with LN. Methods We selected 40 healthy control participants and 102 patients with LN who were treated in the Second Hospital of Jilin University, China, for inclusion in this study. Patients with LN were classified into LN with high-eGFR and LN with low-eGFR groups. Nrf2 protein levels were measured in the serum and renal tissues of the participants in both groups to assess the correlation between Nrf2 protein levels and different LN disease states. Results There was a significantly positive correlation between serum Nrf2 protein levels, the degree of renal injury, and systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index (SLEDAI) scores in patients with LN. Nrf2 protein levels were higher in the LN with high-eGFR group than in the healthy control and LN with low-eGFR groups. In follow-up patients in the LN high eGFR group, Nrf2 protein levels decreased significantly after remission of disease activity. Conclusion Nrf2 protein expression has a dual role in patients with LN. Nrf2 protein levels not only correlate with disease activity in patients with LN, but also with the degree of kidney injury. Before implementing targeted therapy for Nrf2, evaluating both Nrf2 protein expression and the disease state in patients with LN is necessary to better identify and place each patient in an appropriate patient group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jicui Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qiaoyan Guo
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xianping Wei
- Department of Clinical Research, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuexin Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Manyu Luo
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ping Luo
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Ni Z, Lu R, Xu X, Bian X, Zhou Z, Yang J, Luo Q, Chen M, Chen C, Sun X, Yu L, He Q, Jiang H, Yuan W, Li Y, Zhou R, Wang J, Zhang X, Zuo L, Meng X, Chang Z, Zhao J, Wessman P, Xiang P. DIALIZE China: A Phase IIIb, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study to Reduce Predialysis Hyperkalemia With Sodium Zirconium Cyclosilicate in Chinese Patients. Clin Ther 2023; 45:633-642. [PMID: 37385905 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2023.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The DIALIZE China study (Reduce Incidence of Pre-Dialysis Hyperkalaemia With Sodium Zirconium Cyclosilicate in Chinese Subjects) (NCT04217590) evaluated sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (SZC) for the management of hyperkalemia in Chinese patients undergoing hemodialysis. METHODS In the double-blind, Phase IIIb DIALIZE China study, Chinese adults with kidney failure and predialysis hyperkalemia (predialysis serum potassium [sK+] concentration >5.4 mmol/L after the long interdialytic interval [LIDI] and >5.0 mmol/L after ≥1 short interdialytic interval) who were receiving hemodialysis 3 times weekly were randomized to placebo or SZC 5 g once daily on nondialysis days. Doses were titrated towards maintaining normokalemia for 4 weeks (titration period) in 5-g increments up to 15 g. Primary efficacy was the proportion of responders during the 4-week evaluation period following the titration period (ie, those with a predialysis sK+ of 4.0-5.0 mmol/L for at least 3 of 4 hemodialysis visits following the LIDI) who did not require urgent rescue therapy. FINDINGS Overall, 134 adults (mean [SD] age, 55 [11.3] years) were randomized to SZC or placebo (n = 67 each). There were significantly more responders with SZC (37.3%) versus placebo (10.4%; estimated odds ratio [OR] = 5.10; 95% CI, 1.90-15.12; P < 0.001). The probability of all predialysis sK+ concentrations being 3.5 to 5.5 mmol/L was significantly higher with SZC versus placebo (estimated OR = 6.41; 95% CI, 2.71-15.12; P < 0.001). A greater proportion of patients achieved an sK+ of 3.5 to 5.5 mmol/L on at least 3 of 4 LIDI visits during evaluation with SZC (73.1%) versus placebo (29.9%). Serious adverse events occurred in 9.1% and 11.9% of patients in the SZC and placebo groups, respectively. IMPLICATIONS SZC treatment for predialysis hyperkalemia is effective and well tolerated in Chinese patients with kidney failure receiving hemodialysis. CLINICALTRIALS gov identifier: NCT04217590.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohui Ni
- Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Renhua Lu
- Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xudong Xu
- Central Hospital of Minhang District, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Zhihong Zhou
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Junwei Yang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qun Luo
- Ningbo Huamei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
| | - Menghua Chen
- General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Chaosheng Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou College, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiuli Sun
- Baotou City Central Hospital, Baotou, China
| | - Lei Yu
- Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot, China
| | - Qiang He
- Zhejiang Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang, China
| | | | - Yi Li
- Dongguan People's Hospital, Dongguan, China
| | - Rong Zhou
- Shanghai Yangpu District Central Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianqin Wang
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | | | - Li Zuo
- Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | | | | | - June Zhao
- BioPharmaceuticals Clinical, AstraZeneca R&D, Gaithersburg, Maryland
| | - Peter Wessman
- BioPharmaceuticals Clinical, AstraZeneca R&D, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Peng Xiang
- Global R&D (China), AstraZeneca, Shanghai, China
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Duangkumpha K, Jariyasopit N, Wanichthanarak K, Dhakal E, Wisanpitayakorn P, Thotsiri S, Sirivatanauksorn Y, Kitiyakara C, Sathirapongsasuti N, Khoomrung S. GC × GC-TOFMS metabolomics analysis identifies elevated levels of plasma sugars and sugar alcohols in diabetic mellitus patients with kidney failure. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102445. [PMID: 36055403 PMCID: PMC9531178 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Two dimensional GC (GC × GC)-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOFMS) has been used to improve accurate metabolite identification in the chemical industry, but this method has not been applied as readily in biomedical research. Here, we evaluated and validated the performance of high resolution GC × GC-TOFMS against that of GC-TOFMS for metabolomics analysis of two different plasma matrices, from healthy controls (CON) and diabetes mellitus (DM) patients with kidney failure (DM with KF). We found GC × GC-TOFMS outperformed traditional GC-TOFMS in terms of separation performance and metabolite coverage. Several metabolites from both the CON and DM with KF matrices, such as carbohydrates and carbohydrate-conjugate metabolites, were exclusively detected using GC × GC-TOFMS. Additionally, we applied this method to characterize significant metabolites in the DM with KF group, with focused analysis of four metabolite groups: sugars, sugar alcohols, amino acids, and free fatty acids. Our plasma metabolomics results revealed 35 significant metabolites (12 unique and 23 concentration-dependent metabolites) in the DM with KF group, as compared with those in the CON and DM groups (N = 20 for each group). Interestingly, we determined 17 of the 35 (14/17 verified with reference standards) significant metabolites identified from both the analyses were metabolites from the sugar and sugar alcohol groups, with significantly higher concentrations in the DM with KF group than in the CON and DM groups. Enrichment analysis of these 14 metabolites also revealed that alterations in galactose metabolism and the polyol pathway are related to DM with KF. Overall, our application of GC × GC-TOFMS identified key metabolites in complex plasma matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kassaporn Duangkumpha
- Metabolomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Siriraj Metabolomics and Phenomics Center, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Narumol Jariyasopit
- Metabolomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Siriraj Metabolomics and Phenomics Center, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kwanjeera Wanichthanarak
- Metabolomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Siriraj Metabolomics and Phenomics Center, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Esha Dhakal
- Metabolomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Siriraj Metabolomics and Phenomics Center, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pattipong Wisanpitayakorn
- Metabolomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Siriraj Metabolomics and Phenomics Center, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sansanee Thotsiri
- Somdech Phra Debaratana Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Yongyut Sirivatanauksorn
- Siriraj Metabolomics and Phenomics Center, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chagriya Kitiyakara
- Department of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Research Network of NANOTEC - MU Ramathibodi on Nanomedicine, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nuankanya Sathirapongsasuti
- Research Network of NANOTEC - MU Ramathibodi on Nanomedicine, Bangkok, Thailand; Section of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sakda Khoomrung
- Metabolomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Siriraj Metabolomics and Phenomics Center, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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Gallacher PJ, Miller-Hodges E, Shah ASV, Farrah TE, Halbesma N, Blackmur JP, Chapman AR, Adamson PD, Anand A, Strachan FE, Ferry AV, Lee KK, Berry C, Findlay I, Cruickshank A, Reid A, Gray A, Collinson PO, Apple FS, McAllister DA, Maguire D, Fox KAA, Keerie C, Weir CJ, Newby DE, Mills NL, Dhaun N. High-sensitivity cardiac troponin and the diagnosis of myocardial infarction in patients with kidney impairment. Kidney Int 2022; 102:149-159. [PMID: 35271932 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2022.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The benefit and utility of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin (hs-cTn) in the diagnosis of myocardial infarction in patients with kidney impairment is unclear. Here, we describe implementation of hs-cTnI testing on the diagnosis, management, and outcomes of myocardial infarction in patients with and without kidney impairment. Consecutive patients with suspected acute coronary syndrome enrolled in a stepped-wedge, cluster-randomized controlled trial were included in this pre-specified secondary analysis. Kidney impairment was defined as an eGFR under 60mL/min/1.73m2. The index diagnosis and primary outcome of type 1 and type 4b myocardial infarction or cardiovascular death at one year were compared in patients with and without kidney impairment following implementation of hs-cTnI assay with 99th centile sex-specific diagnostic thresholds. Serum creatinine concentrations were available in 46,927 patients (mean age 61 years; 47% women), of whom 9,080 (19%) had kidney impairment. hs-cTnIs were over 99th centile in 46% and 16% of patients with and without kidney impairment. Implementation increased the diagnosis of type 1 infarction from 12.4% to 17.8%, and from 7.5% to 9.4% in patients with and without kidney impairment (both significant). Patients with kidney impairment and type 1 myocardial infarction were less likely to undergo coronary revascularization (26% versus 53%) or receive dual anti-platelets (40% versus 68%) than those without kidney impairment, and this did not change post-implementation. In patients with hs-cTnI above the 99th centile, the primary outcome occurred twice as often in those with kidney impairment compared to those without (24% versus 12%, hazard ratio 1.53, 95% confidence interval 1.31 to 1.78). Thus, hs-cTnI testing increased the identification of myocardial injury and infarction but failed to address disparities in management and outcomes between those with and without kidney impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Gallacher
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Eve Miller-Hodges
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Department of Renal Medicine, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Anoop S V Shah
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Tariq E Farrah
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Department of Renal Medicine, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - James P Blackmur
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Andrew R Chapman
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Philip D Adamson
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Christchurch Heart Institute, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand, Australia
| | - Atul Anand
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Fiona E Strachan
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Amy V Ferry
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Kuan Ken Lee
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Colin Berry
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Iain Findlay
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Alexandra Hospital, Paisley, UK
| | - Anne Cruickshank
- Department of Biochemistry, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - Alan Reid
- Department of Biochemistry, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - Alasdair Gray
- Emergency Medicine Research Group Edinburgh, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Paul O Collinson
- Departments of Clinical Blood Sciences and Cardiology, St. George's, University Hospitals National Health Service Trust and St. George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Fred S Apple
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Hennepin Healthcare/Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Donogh Maguire
- Emergency Medicine Department, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
| | - Keith A A Fox
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Catriona Keerie
- Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Edinburgh Clinical Trials Unit, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Christopher J Weir
- Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Edinburgh Clinical Trials Unit, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David E Newby
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Nicholas L Mills
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Neeraj Dhaun
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Department of Renal Medicine, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
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Ferreira JP, Rossignol P, Bakris G, Mehta C, White WB, Zannad F. Blood and Urine Biomarkers Predicting Worsening Kidney Function in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Post-Acute Coronary Syndrome: An Analysis from the EXAMINE Trial. Am J Nephrol 2021; 52:969-976. [PMID: 34872085 DOI: 10.1159/000519436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Worsening kidney function (WKF) is frequent among patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and a recent acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and is associated with a poor prognosis. An accurate prediction of WKF is clinically important. AIMS Using data from the Cardiovascular Outcomes Study of Alogliptin in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Acute Coronary Syndrome trial including patients with T2D and a recent ACS, and a large biomarker panel incorporating proteins measured both in blood and urine, we aim to determine those with best performance for WKF prediction. METHODS WKF was defined as a ≥40% estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) drop from baseline, eGFR <15 mL/min, or dialysis. Mixed-effects and time-updated Cox models were used. RESULTS 5,131 patients were included from whom 222 (4.3%) developed at least one WKF episode over a median follow-up of 18 months. Patients who developed WKF were more frequently women, had longer diabetes duration, a more frequent heart failure history, higher anemia prevalence, and impaired kidney function. In multivariable models including all variables (clinical and biomarkers) independently associated with WKF with a p value ≤0.0001, blood kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1) was (by far) the variable with strongest WKF association, followed by anemia. KIM-1 alone provided good discrimination for WKF prediction (area under the curve = 0.73). Patients in the high KIM-1-derived risk tertile had a 6.7-fold higher risk of any WKF than patients classified as low risk. In time-updated Cox models, the occurrence of WKF was independently associated with a higher risk of death: adjusted hazard ratio = 4.93 (3.06-7.96), p value <0.0001. CONCLUSION Blood KIM-1 was the biomarker with the strongest association with WKF. The occurrence of WKF was independently associated with a higher risk of subsequent cardiovascular events and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Pedro Ferreira
- Centre D'Investigation Clinique-Plurithématique Inserm CIC-P 1433, Inserm U1116, CHRU Nancy Hopitaux de Brabois, F-CRIN INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists), Université de Lorraine, Institut Lorrain Du Coeur et des Vaisseaux Louis Mathieu, Vandoeuvre lès Nancy, France
- Cardiovascular Research and Development Center, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Patrick Rossignol
- Centre D'Investigation Clinique-Plurithématique Inserm CIC-P 1433, Inserm U1116, CHRU Nancy Hopitaux de Brabois, F-CRIN INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists), Université de Lorraine, Institut Lorrain Du Coeur et des Vaisseaux Louis Mathieu, Vandoeuvre lès Nancy, France
| | - George Bakris
- Department of Medicine, American Heart Association Comprehensive Hypertension Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Cyrus Mehta
- Cytel Corporation, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - William B White
- Calhoun Cardiology Center, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Faiez Zannad
- Centre D'Investigation Clinique-Plurithématique Inserm CIC-P 1433, Inserm U1116, CHRU Nancy Hopitaux de Brabois, F-CRIN INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists), Université de Lorraine, Institut Lorrain Du Coeur et des Vaisseaux Louis Mathieu, Vandoeuvre lès Nancy, France
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Xu Y, Wang Z, Wei S, Sun P, Bai H, Li J. Hydrogel-coated needles prevent puncture site bleeding in arteriovenous fistula and arteriovenous grafts in rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 143:112113. [PMID: 34474341 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Imperfect hemostasis after arteriovenous fistula (AVF) and arteriovenous graft (AVG) cannulation can cause a hematoma or pseudoaneurysm and leads to poor satisfaction. We hypothesized that a hydrogel-coated needle would effectively and rapidly stop bleeding after vascular cannulation in a rat AVF and AVG model. METHOD A hydrogel comprised of sodium alginate (SA), hyaluronic acid (HA), and calcium carbonate was coated onto the surface of suture needles using a rotating system. The needles were observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and immunofluorescence. Rat AVF with or without renal failure and AVG were punctured using bare and hydrogel-coated needles. The tissues were examined by histology. RESULT The hydrogel was successfully coated onto the surface of 30 G needles and confirmed by SEM. Hydrogel-coated needles rapidly stopped bleeding after AVF and AVG cannulation in rat. CONCLUSION In this preliminary animal research, hydrogel-coated needles can stop AVF and AVG puncture-site bleeding; but additional clinical studies are needed to justify whether it is still effective in clinical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Xu
- Department of Internal Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan, China; Key Vascular Physiology and Applied Research Laboratory of Zhengzhou City, Henan, China
| | - Zhiju Wang
- Key Vascular Physiology and Applied Research Laboratory of Zhengzhou City, Henan, China; Department of Physiology, Medical school of Zhengzhou University, Henan, China
| | - Shunbo Wei
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan, China; Key Vascular Physiology and Applied Research Laboratory of Zhengzhou City, Henan, China
| | - Peng Sun
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan, China; Key Vascular Physiology and Applied Research Laboratory of Zhengzhou City, Henan, China
| | - Hualong Bai
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan, China; Key Vascular Physiology and Applied Research Laboratory of Zhengzhou City, Henan, China.
| | - Jing'an Li
- School of Material Science and Engineering & Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Magnesium Alloy & Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold Technology (Ministry of Education), Zhengzhou University, Henan, China.
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Hamdy M, Shaheen I, El-Gammal ZM, Ramadan YM. Detection of Renal Insufficiency in a Cohort of Patients With Beta-thalassemia Major Using Cystatin-C. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2021; 43:e1082-e1087. [PMID: 33843816 DOI: 10.1097/mph.0000000000002171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
With increased life expectancy among patients with beta-thalassemia major (β-TM) renal insufficiency has been frequently noted because of the persistence of anemia, iron overload and some drug side effects. Serum creatinine becomes elevated in late stage of kidney affection. Cystatin-C is more sensitive biomarker for kidney dysfunction. Our aim was to measure Cystatin-C serum level among patients with β-TM as a marker of early nephropathy. Serum Cystatin-C was measured in 94 patients with β-TM using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and correlated to other clinical, laboratory and radiologic data. Glomerular hyperfiltration was observed in 30.8% while Cystatin-C was elevated in 56.3% of β-TM. Patients having high serum Cystatin-C were older in age and having higher serum levels of aspartate aminotransferases and urea. Cystatin-C level was positively correlated with serum creatinine and urea and negatively correlated with glomerular filtration rate. Periodic assessment of Cystatin-C in patients with β-TM is recommended for early diagnosis of renal dysfunction especially during drug dosing prescription aiming to obtain the maximum effectiveness and safety. Controlling anemia by maintaining appropriate hemoglobin level with close monitoring of iron overload are also recommended to preserve renal function among β-TM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Iman Shaheen
- Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Lacson E, Argyropoulos CP, Manley HJ, Aweh G, Chin AI, Salman LH, Hsu CM, Johnson DS, Weiner DE. Immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine in Dialysis. J Am Soc Nephrol 2021; 32:2735-2742. [PMID: 34348908 PMCID: PMC8806103 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2021040432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients receiving maintenance dialysis represent a high-risk, immune-compromised population with 15%-25% COVID-19 mortality rate who were unrepresented in clinical trials of mRNA vaccines. METHODS All patients receiving maintenance dialysis who received two doses of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines with antibody test results drawn ≥14 days after the second dose, as documented in the electronic health record through March 18, 2021, were included. Response was on the basis of levels of Ig-G against the receptor binding domain of the S1 subunit of SARS-CoV-2 spike-antigen (seropositive ≥2 U/L) using an FDA-approved semiquantitative chemiluminescent assay (ADVIA Centaur XP/XPT COV2G). RESULTS Among 186 patients on dialysis from 30 clinics in eight states tested 23±8 days after receiving two vaccine doses, there were 165 (88.7%) responders with 70% at maximum titer. There was no significant difference between BNT162b2/Pfizer (148 out of 168, 88.1%) and mRNA-1273/Moderna (17 out of 18, 94.4%), P=0.42. All 38 patients with COVID-19 history were responders, with 97% at maximum titer. Among patients without COVID-19, 127 out of 148 (85.8%) were responders, comparable between BNT162b2/Pfizer (113 out of 133) and mRNA-1273/Moderna (14 out of 15) vaccines (85.0% versus 93.3%, P=0.38). CONCLUSIONS Most patients receiving maintenance dialysis responded after two doses of BNT162b2/Pfizer or mRNA-1273/Moderna vaccine, suggesting the short-term development of antispike antibody is good, giving hope that most of these patients who are vulnerable, once immunized, will be protected from COVID-19. Longer-term evaluation is needed to determine antibody titer durability and if booster dose(s) are warranted. Further research to evaluate the approach to patients without a serologic response is needed, including benefits of additional dose(s) or administration of alternate options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Lacson
- Division of Nephrology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
- Dialysis Clinic, Inc., Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | | | | | - Andrew I. Chin
- Division of Nephrology, University of California, Sacramento, California
| | - Loay H. Salman
- Division of Nephrology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York
| | - Caroline M. Hsu
- Division of Nephrology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Daniel E. Weiner
- Division of Nephrology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
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Gallacher PJ, Miller-Hodges E, Shah AS, Anand A, Dhaun N, Mills NL. Use of High-Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin in Patients With Kidney Impairment: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Intern Med 2021; 181:1237-1239. [PMID: 34096969 PMCID: PMC8185626 DOI: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2021.1184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter J. Gallacher
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Eve Miller-Hodges
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
- Department of Renal Medicine, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Anoop S.V. Shah
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, England
| | - Atul Anand
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Neeraj Dhaun
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
- Department of Renal Medicine, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Nicholas L. Mills
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
- Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
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Matías-García PR, Ward-Caviness CK, Raffield LM, Gao X, Zhang Y, Wilson R, Gào X, Nano J, Bostom A, Colicino E, Correa A, Coull B, Eaton C, Hou L, Just AC, Kunze S, Lange L, Lange E, Lin X, Liu S, Nwanaji-Enwerem JC, Reiner A, Shen J, Schöttker B, Vokonas P, Zheng Y, Young B, Schwartz J, Horvath S, Lu A, Whitsel EA, Koenig W, Adamski J, Winkelmann J, Brenner H, Baccarelli AA, Gieger C, Peters A, Franceschini N, Waldenberger M. DNAm-based signatures of accelerated aging and mortality in blood are associated with low renal function. Clin Epigenetics 2021; 13:121. [PMID: 34078457 PMCID: PMC8170969 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-021-01082-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The difference between an individual's chronological and DNA methylation predicted age (DNAmAge), termed DNAmAge acceleration (DNAmAA), can capture life-long environmental exposures and age-related physiological changes reflected in methylation status. Several studies have linked DNAmAA to morbidity and mortality, yet its relationship with kidney function has not been assessed. We evaluated the associations between seven DNAm aging and lifespan predictors (as well as GrimAge components) and five kidney traits (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR], urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio [uACR], serum urate, microalbuminuria and chronic kidney disease [CKD]) in up to 9688 European, African American and Hispanic/Latino individuals from seven population-based studies. RESULTS We identified 23 significant associations in our large trans-ethnic meta-analysis (p < 1.43E-03 and consistent direction of effect across studies). Age acceleration measured by the Extrinsic and PhenoAge estimators, as well as Zhang's 10-CpG epigenetic mortality risk score (MRS), were associated with all parameters of poor kidney health (lower eGFR, prevalent CKD, higher uACR, microalbuminuria and higher serum urate). Six of these associations were independently observed in European and African American populations. MRS in particular was consistently associated with eGFR (β = - 0.12, 95% CI = [- 0.16, - 0.08] change in log-transformed eGFR per unit increase in MRS, p = 4.39E-08), prevalent CKD (odds ratio (OR) = 1.78 [1.47, 2.16], p = 2.71E-09) and higher serum urate levels (β = 0.12 [0.07, 0.16], p = 2.08E-06). The "first-generation" clocks (Hannum, Horvath) and GrimAge showed different patterns of association with the kidney traits. Three of the DNAm-estimated components of GrimAge, namely adrenomedullin, plasminogen-activation inhibition 1 and pack years, were positively associated with higher uACR, serum urate and microalbuminuria. CONCLUSION DNAmAge acceleration and DNAm mortality predictors estimated in whole blood were associated with multiple kidney traits, including eGFR and CKD, in this multi-ethnic study. Epigenetic biomarkers which reflect the systemic effects of age-related mechanisms such as immunosenescence, inflammaging and oxidative stress may have important mechanistic or prognostic roles in kidney disease. Our study highlights new findings linking kidney disease to biological aging, and opportunities warranting future investigation into DNA methylation biomarkers for prognostic or risk stratification in kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela R Matías-García
- TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
- Research Unit Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich/Neuherberg, Germany.
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich/Neuherberg, Germany.
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.
| | - Cavin K Ward-Caviness
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, US Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Laura M Raffield
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Xu Gao
- Laboratory of Precision Environmental Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yan Zhang
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rory Wilson
- Research Unit Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich/Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich/Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Xīn Gào
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jana Nano
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich/Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Andrew Bostom
- Center For Primary Care and Prevention, Memorial Hospital of Rhode Island, Pawtucket, RI, USA
| | - Elena Colicino
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Adolfo Correa
- Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Brent Coull
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Charles Eaton
- Center For Primary Care and Prevention, Memorial Hospital of Rhode Island, Pawtucket, RI, USA
- Department of Family Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Lifang Hou
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Allan C Just
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sonja Kunze
- Research Unit Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich/Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich/Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Leslie Lange
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Ethan Lange
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Xihong Lin
- Veterans Affairs Normative Aging Study, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Simin Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | | | - Alex Reiner
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jincheng Shen
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Ben Schöttker
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Network Aging Research, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pantel Vokonas
- Veterans Affairs Normative Aging Study, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yinan Zheng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Bessie Young
- Nephrology, Hospital and Specialty Medicine and Center for Innovation for Veteran-Centered and Value Driven Care, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA
- Division of Nephrology, Kidney Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Joel Schwartz
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Steve Horvath
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ake Lu
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Eric A Whitsel
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Wolfgang Koenig
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jerzy Adamski
- Research Unit Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Genome Analysis Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich/Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair for Experimental Genetics, Technical University of Munich, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Juliane Winkelmann
- Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich/Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair Neurogenetics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Network Aging Research, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andrea A Baccarelli
- Laboratory of Precision Environmental Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christian Gieger
- Research Unit Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich/Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich/Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich/Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Nora Franceschini
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Melanie Waldenberger
- Research Unit Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich/Neuherberg, Germany.
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich/Neuherberg, Germany.
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.
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Chan PL, McFadyen L, Quaye A, Leister‐Tebbe H, Hendrick VM, Hammond J, Raber S. The use of extrapolation based on modeling and simulation to support high-dose regimens of ceftaroline fosamil in pediatric patients with complicated skin and soft-tissue infections. CPT Pharmacometrics Syst Pharmacol 2021; 10:551-563. [PMID: 33687148 PMCID: PMC8213416 DOI: 10.1002/psp4.12608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A model-informed drug development approach was used to select ceftaroline fosamil high-dose regimens for pediatric patients with complicated skin and soft-tissue infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus with a ceftaroline minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 2 or 4 mg/L. Steady-state ceftaroline concentrations were simulated using a population pharmacokinetics (PK) model for ceftaroline fosamil and ceftaroline including data from 304 pediatric subjects and 944 adults. Probability of target attainment (PTA) for various simulated pediatric high-dose regimens and renal function categories were calculated based on patients achieving 35% fT>MIC (S. aureus PK/pharmacodynamic target for 2-log10 bacterial killing). For extrapolation of efficacy, simulated exposures and PTA were compared to adults with normal renal function receiving high-dose ceftaroline fosamil (600 mg 2-h infusions every 8 h). For safety, predicted ceftaroline exposures were compared with observed pediatric and adult data. Predicted ceftaroline exposures for the approved pediatric high-dose regimens (12, 10, or 8 mg/kg by 2-h infusions every 8 h for patients aged >2 to <18 years with normal/mild, moderate, or severe renal impairment, respectively; 10 mg/kg by 2-h infusions every 8 h for patients aged ≥2 months to <2 years with normal renal function/mild impairment) were well matched to adults with normal renal function. Median predicted maximum concentration at steady state (Cmax,ss ) and area under the plasma concentration-time curve over 24 h at steady state pediatric to adult ratios were 0.907-1.33 and 0.940-1.41, respectively. PTAs (>99% and ≥81% for MICs of 2 and 4 mg/L, respectively) matched or exceeded the adult predictions. Simulated Cmax,ss values were below the maximum observed data in other indications, including a high-dose pediatric pneumonia trial, which reported no adverse events related to high exposure.
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Zhang J, Wang M, Sun K, Ding Y. Assessment of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker on the split renal function in the patients with primary hypertension. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e25928. [PMID: 34011065 PMCID: PMC8136992 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000025928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Bilateral kidney damage in hypertensive patients is not parallel. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker (ACEI/ARB), as a commonly used antihypertensive drug, could protect kidney function and delay its deterioration. Most studies focused on overall renal function, but the researches on split renal function (SRF) are rare. We investigated the effects of ACEI/ARB on the SRF in patients with primary hypertension.Patients with primary hypertension (n = 429; male: 213; female: 216) admitted to our department between January 2014 and December 2016 were included in this study. The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of split and total renal function were determined using diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid tagged with 99mTc renal dynamic imaging method. For the same patient, the side with high GFR was considered as higher GFR kidney, whereas that with a low GFR was considered as lower GFR kidney. The split function score (Q value) was utilized to evaluate the differences of bilateral renal function. The patients were divided into 3 groups based on the Q values (Group 1, Q value <5%; Group 2, Q value of 5%-10%; Group 3, Q value ≥10%). All the patients received antihypertensive therapy based on ACEI/ARB. The renal dynamic imaging was performed in the 1-year follow-up to investigate the changes of the SRF.Compared with the baseline level, significant decline was noticed in the serum creatinine (Scr) in Group 2 and Group 3 (P < .05). The cystatin C in Group 3 showed significant decline (P < .05). Compared with the baseline, there was significant decline in the Q value in Group 2, whereas the GFR of lower GFR kidney showed significant increase (P < .05). No statistical differences were noticed in the Q value and split GFR in Group 1 and Group 3 (P > .05).In primary hypertension patients, ACEI/ARB therapy could improve the SRF of lower GFR kidney in the presence of certain differences between the SRF. As a result, the SRF difference was reduced. In case of Q value in a range of 5% to 10%, ACEI/ARB could improve the renal function effectively. It may be significant for the design of antihypertensive drugs.
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Masuo Y, Fujita KI, Mishiro K, Seba N, Kogi T, Okumura H, Matsumoto N, Kunishima M, Kato Y. 6-Hydroxyindole is an endogenous long-lasting OATP1B1 inhibitor elevated in renal failure patients. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2020; 35:555-562. [PMID: 33191090 DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2020.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The hepatic uptake transporter organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP) 1B1 is inhibited by some uremic toxins; however, direct inhibition can only partially explain the delayed systemic elimination of substrate drugs in renal failure patients. This study aimed to examine the long-lasting inhibition of OATP1B1 by uremic toxins and their metabolites. Preincubation of HEK293/OATP1B1 cells with 21 uremic toxins resulted in almost no change in the uptake of a typical substrate [3H]estrone-3-sulfate (E1S), although some directly inhibited [3H]E1S uptake. In contrast, preincubation with an indole metabolite, 6-hydroxyindole, reduced [3H]E1S uptake, even after the inhibitor was washed out before [3H]E1S incubation. Such long-lasting inhibition by 6-hydroxyindole was time-dependent and recovered after a 3-h incubation without 6-hydroxyindole. Preincubation with 6-hydroxyindole increased the Km for [3H]E1S uptake with minimal change in Vmax. This was compatible with no change in the cell-surface expression of OATP1B1, as assessed by a biotinylation assay. Preincubation with 6-hydroxyindole reduced [3H]E1S uptake in human hepatocytes without changes in OATP1B1 mRNA. Plasma concentration of 6-hydroxyindole in renal failure patients increased as renal function decreased, but might be insufficient to exhibit potent OATP1B1 inhibition. In conclusion, 6-hydroxyindole is an endogenous long-lasting OATP1B1 inhibitor with elevated plasma concentrations in renal failure patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Masuo
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Fujita
- Division of Cancer Genome and Pharmacotherapy, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Showa University School of Pharmacy, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Mishiro
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Natsumi Seba
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Kogi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hidenori Okumura
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Natsumi Matsumoto
- Division of Cancer Genome and Pharmacotherapy, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Showa University School of Pharmacy, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Munetaka Kunishima
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yukio Kato
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.
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Amano H, Yoshimura K, Iijima R, Waki K, Matsumoto K, Ueda H, Ito Y, Akimoto K, Yokoo T, Inoue K, Terawaki H. A Slight Decrease in the Serum Albumin Level Is Associated with the Rapid Progression of Kidney Dysfunction, Even within the Normal Range. Intern Med 2020; 59:2679-2685. [PMID: 32669489 PMCID: PMC7691045 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.4466-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective A low-normal albumin level is associated with a high risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality in the general population. However, the relationship between the serum albumin level and the future decline in the kidney function is unclear. We evaluated the effect of the serum albumin level on the decline in the kidney function in the general population. Methods The data used were from 11,000 participants in a voluntary health checkup program conducted between 1998 and 2006 in Japan. The primary outcome for the kidney function was a difference in the estimated glomerular filtration rate (ΔeGFR) of≥3 mL/min/1.73 m2/year. The association of the risk of a decreased kidney function with the albumin level was determined using a logistic regression analysis. We fit separate multivariable logistic regressions for the serum albumin levels (g/dL) as a continuous variable and as categorical data, classified as ≤4.3 (n=2,530), 4.4-4.6 (n=5,427), and≥4.7 (n=3,043). Results Of the 11,000 participants, 346 had a ΔeGFR/year of≥3. Compared with the participants with albumin levels of≥4.7 g/dL, the risk of a decline in the kidney function was higher not only in those with albumin levels of ≤4.3 g/dL [adjusted odds ratio (OR) =2.10, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.20-2.93] but also in those with levels of 4.4-4.6 g/dL (adjusted OR=1.53, 95% CI: 1.14-2.05). Conclusion A decreased albumin level is an independent risk factor for a rapid decline in the kidney function, even within the normal range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoichi Amano
- Graduate School of Public Health, Teikyo University, Japan
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Kazunobu Yoshimura
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology, Teikyo University Chiba Medical Center, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Iijima
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology, Teikyo University Chiba Medical Center, Japan
| | - Kaito Waki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology, Teikyo University Chiba Medical Center, Japan
| | - Keisei Matsumoto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology, Teikyo University Chiba Medical Center, Japan
| | - Hitomi Ueda
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology, Teikyo University Chiba Medical Center, Japan
| | - Yasuko Ito
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology, Teikyo University Chiba Medical Center, Japan
| | | | - Takashi Yokoo
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Kazuo Inoue
- Department of Community Medicine, Teikyo University Chiba Medical Center, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Terawaki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology, Teikyo University Chiba Medical Center, Japan
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Jarab F, Jarab AS, Mukattash TL, Nusairat B, Alshogran OY. Antibiotic dosing adjustments in patients with declined kidney function at a tertiary hospital in Jordan. Int J Clin Pract 2020; 74:e13579. [PMID: 32524734 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.13579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Estimating kidney function is essential to consider in drug dosing for renally eliminated drugs. It has been estimated that more than half of medications' adverse effects are caused by the inappropriate dosing. Limited data are available on drug dosing adjustment, particularly the antibiotics, among Jordanian patients with declined kidney function. AIM The aim of this study was to evaluate the extent of antibiotics' dose adjustment according to the recent guidelines of drugs' renal dose adjustment. METHOD The present study utilised data from a previous retrospective study, which recruited inpatients who were clinically stable and received IV antibiotics for more than 24 hours at King Abdullah University Hospital. Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected by referring to information technology departments at KAUH. The percentage of antibiotics which were inappropriately adjusted based on creatinine clearance was evaluated using Lexicomp-Clinical Drug information website. RESULTS A total of 110 antibiotics were dispensed for 80 patients. Results showed that (36.25%) of patients were given antibiotics without renal dose adjustments based on their creatinine clearance. Urinary tract infections followed by respiratory tract infections were the most common among the study participants. The most commonly prescribed antibiotic was Imipenem/cilastatin (41.25%). Among antibiotics prescribed without renal dose adjustment, Imipenem/cilastatin was the most common and represented 62% of the cases while vancomycin was the least and represented only 3.45% of the non-renally adjusted doses. CONCLUSIONS The current study clearly demonstrates the lack of adherence to recent guidelines of renal dose adjustment for renally excreted antibiotics. Such findings shed the light on the necessity of considering antibiotics dose adjustment in patients with declined kidney function with the aim of ensuring medication safety and improve health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadi Jarab
- Department of Oral Medicine and Oral Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Anan S Jarab
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Tareq L Mukattash
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Buthaina Nusairat
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Osama Y Alshogran
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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Abstract
This cohort study examines the association of bariatric surgery with rates of kidney function decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex R. Chang
- Kidney Health Research Institute, Geisinger, Danville, Pennsylvania
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Geisinger, Danville, Pennsylvania
| | - G. Craig Wood
- Obesity Institute, Geisinger, Danville, Pennsylvania
| | - Xin Chu
- Obesity Institute, Geisinger, Danville, Pennsylvania
| | - Aditya Surapaneni
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Morgan E. Grams
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
- Divison of Nephrology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
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17
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Abstract
To explore the association between serum cystatin C (Cys-C) and renal damage in patients with chronic hepatitis B.We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 425 patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Liver stiffness measured by FibroScan was used to diagnosis liver fibrosis. Cys-C levels were detected via latex-enhanced immunoturbidimetric assay.A total of 425 patients were enrolled. Among them, 217 were patients with CHB with an eGFR > 90 mL/min/1.73 m and 208 with an eGFR ≤90 mL/min/1.73 m. Cys-C levels significantly differed in patients with eGFR > 90 mL/min/1.73 m compared with patients with eGFR ≤90 mL/min/1.73 m (0.81 ± 0.05 vs 1.05 ± 0.06 mg/L, P < .001). Moreover, the Cys-C levels were 0.82 ± 0.04 mg/L in patients without liver fibrosis, 0.98 ± 0.05 mg/L in patients with mild liver fibrosis, 1.05 ± 0.08 mg/L in patients with advanced liver fibrosis, and 1.12 ± 0.07 mg/L in patients with liver cirrhosis (P < .001). Multivariate analyses were conducted to explore the independent factors associated with a decreased eGFR. Multivariate analysis suggested that T2DM (P = .032), liver fibrosis (P = .013), and Cys-C level (P = .035) were the independent factors associated with the decreased eGFR in patients with CHB. While age (P = .020) and Cys-C level (P = .001) were the independent factors associated with the decreased eGFR in patients with CHB-related fibrosis.The fibrosis group had significantly higher Cys-C levels than those without fibrosis. Routine monitoring of Cys-C levels is of positive significance in preventing the development of renal impairment of CHB patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qingdao Fifth People's Hospital
| | - Haidong Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qingdao Sixth People's Hospital
| | - Anhua Hao
- Hepatology Department, Qingdao Chengyang People's Hospital, Qingdao
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qingdao Sixth People's Hospital
| | - Dexin Wang
- Department of Hepatology, Qingdao Sixth People's Hospital, Qingdao, China
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Yamazaki D, Konishi Y, Morikawa T, Kobara H, Masaki T, Hitomi H, Osafune K, Nakano D, Kittikulsuth W, Nishiyama A. Failure to confirm a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor-induced hematopoietic effect in non-diabetic rats with renal anemia. J Diabetes Investig 2020; 11:834-843. [PMID: 31880858 PMCID: PMC7378420 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION Clinical studies have shown that treatment with inhibitors of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) significantly increases the hematocrit in patients with type 2 diabetes. To investigate whether SGLT2 inhibitors directly promote erythropoietin production independently on blood glucose reduction, the hematopoietic effect of the specific SGLT2 inhibitor, luseogliflozin, was examined in non-diabetic rats with renal anemia. MATERIALS AND METHODS Renal anemia was induced by treatment with adenine (200 or 600 mg/kg/day, orally for 10 days) in non-diabetic Wistar-Kyoto or Wistar rats, respectively. Luseogliflozin (10 mg/kg bodyweight) or vehicle (0.5% carboxymethyl cellulose) was then administered for 6 weeks. The hematocrit and the hemoglobin (Hb), blood urea nitrogen, plasma creatinine, and plasma erythropoietin levels were monitored. RESULTS Treatment with adenine decreased the hematocrit and the Hb level, which were associated with increases in the blood urea nitrogen and plasma creatinine levels. In Wistar-Kyoto rats treated with 200 mg/kg/day adenine, administration of luseogliflozin induced glycosuria, but did not change the blood urea nitrogen, plasma creatinine levels, hematocrit, Hb or plasma erythropoietin levels. Similarly, luseogliflozin treatment failed to change the hematocrit or the Hb levels in Wistar rats with renal anemia induced by 600 mg/kg/day of adenine. Plasma erythropoietin concentrations were also not different between luseogliflozin- and vehicle-treated rats. Similarly, in human erythropoietin-producing cells derived from pluripotent stem cells, luseogliflozin treatment did not change the erythropoietin level in the medium. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that SGLT2 inhibitor fails to exert hematopoietic effects in non-diabetic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Yamazaki
- Department of PharmacologyFaculty of MedicineKagawa UniversityKagawaJapan
- Division of Nephrology and HypertensionOsaka City General HospitalOsakaJapan
| | - Yoshio Konishi
- Division of Nephrology and HypertensionOsaka City General HospitalOsakaJapan
| | - Takashi Morikawa
- Division of Nephrology and HypertensionOsaka City General HospitalOsakaJapan
| | - Hideki Kobara
- Department of Gastroenterology and NeurologyFaculty of MedicineKagawa UniversityKagawaJapan
| | - Tsutomu Masaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and NeurologyFaculty of MedicineKagawa UniversityKagawaJapan
| | - Hirofumhi Hitomi
- Department of iPS Stem Cell Regenerative MedicineKansai Medical UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Kenji Osafune
- Department of Cell Growth and DifferentiationCenter for iPS Cell Research and ApplicationKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Daisuke Nakano
- Department of PharmacologyFaculty of MedicineKagawa UniversityKagawaJapan
| | | | - Akira Nishiyama
- Department of PharmacologyFaculty of MedicineKagawa UniversityKagawaJapan
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Shinoura S, Tokushige A, Chinen K, Mori H, Kato S, Ueda S. Association between contrast-induced nephrotoxicity and contrast enhanced computed tomography followed by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Eur J Radiol 2020; 129:109074. [PMID: 32473539 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2020.109074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine if endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) performed within 72 h after contrast enhanced computed tomography (CECT) increases contrast-induced nephrotoxicity (CIN) risk in patients with abdominal complaints. METHOD This single-center retrospective cohort study included consecutive adult patients with abdominal complaints who underwent CECT between October 1, 2016, and June 30, 2019 at an emergency department (ED). CIN was diagnosed based on serum creatinine (SCr) level >0.5 mg/dL within 72 h after CECT or that increased >25 % compared to pre-CECT level. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine independent risk factors for CIN, including age, sex, body mass index, comorbidities, medication, pre-CECT SCr level >1.5 mg/dL, and ERCP performed within 72 h after CECT. For persistent CIN, SCr level was obtained after 3 months at the earliest and compared to data obtained within 72 h after ERCP and CECT. RESULTS Of 1457 patients with CECT, 90 (6.2 %) underwent ERCP within 72 h after CECT and 93 (6.4 %) developed CIN. Multivariate analysis revealed that ERCP performed within 72 h after CECT (odds ratio, 3.31; 95 % confidence interval, 1.74, 6.29; p < 0.001) and pre-CECT SCr level >1.5 mg/dL (odds ratio, 9.86; 95 % confidence interval, 5.08, 19.2; p < 0.001) were independent risk factors for CIN. Of 93 patients with CIN, 10 (11 %) had persistent CIN. No specific factors were correlated with persistent CIN in the 3-month time frame. CONCLUSION ERCP performed within 72 h after CECT and pre-CECT SCr level >1.5 mg/dL are associated with CIN development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Shinoura
- School of Psychology and Healthcare Management at Akasaka, Department of Healthcare Management, International University of Health and Welfare, Minato, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Clinical Research and Quality Management, Center of Clinical Research and Quality Management, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan; Department of Digestive Diseases, Okinawa Chubu Hospital, Uruma, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Akihiro Tokushige
- Department of Prevention and Analysis of Cardiovascular Diseases, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Kenji Chinen
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Okinawa Chubu Hospital, Uruma, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Hideki Mori
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Okinawa Chubu Hospital, Uruma, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Shin Kato
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Ueda
- Department of Clinical Research and Quality Management, Center of Clinical Research and Quality Management, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan.
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20
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Sellos-Moura M, Glavin F, Lapidus D, Evans KA, Palmer L, Irwin DE. Estimated prevalence of moderate to severely elevated total homocysteine levels in the United States: A missed opportunity for diagnosis of homocystinuria? Mol Genet Metab 2020; 130:36-40. [PMID: 32057642 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2020.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Classical homocystinuria (HCU) is a genetic disorder caused by mutations in the cystathionine beta synthase gene, which results in impaired metabolism of the sulfur-bearing amino acid homocysteine and its accumulation in blood and tissues. Classical HCU can be detected via newborn screening in the United States, but the test is widely acknowledged to miss many patients. While severely elevated homocysteine levels (>100 μmol /L) frequently lead to a classical HCU diagnosis, intermediate levels (>30 to 100 μmol /L), though linked to many of the known complications of HCU, are not always recognized as associated with HCU. We aimed to identify and describe potentially undiagnosed classical HCU patients using a nationally-representative database of administrative claims and laboratory results. We estimated the national prevalence of patients with homocysteine >30 μmol /L, and compared their demographic and clinical characteristics to those of patients with homocysteine levels ≤30 μmol/L. Among 57,580 patients with a homocysteine test result, 1.8% had a value >30 μmol /L. Patients with homocysteine >30 μmol /L were more frequently diagnosed with hypothyroidism (39.2% vs. 20.7%, p < .001) and renal disease (9.7% vs. 5.5%, p < .001), and were more likely to have a prescription for an anxiolytic/antidepressant (44.5% vs. 38.9%), opioid (58.4% vs. 53.1%), steroid (46.4% vs. 42.5%), or thyroid hormone (38.8% vs. 18.8%), compared to patients with homocysteine ≤30 μmol /L (all p < .05). Both groups were equally likely to have a diagnosis of homocystinuria or another disorder of sulfur-bearing amino acid metabolism (3.8% vs. 4.0%, p = .752). The age-adjusted national prevalence of homocysteine >30 μmol /L was estimated at 33,068 (95% CI: 1033 - 35,104). These findings suggest that thousands of people in the US may be living with intermediate to severely elevated homocysteine levels and may require further evaluation for the presence of classical HCU.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Frank Glavin
- Orphan Technologies, 430 Bedford St, Lexington, MA 02420, USA.
| | - David Lapidus
- LapidusData Inc., 321 NE 4th St, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
| | | | - Liisa Palmer
- IBM Watson Health, 75 Binney St, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | - Debra E Irwin
- IBM Watson Health, 75 Binney St, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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21
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O’Grady KL, Khosla S, Farr JN, Bondar OP, Atkinson EJ, Achenbach SJ, Eckhardt BA, Thicke BS, Tweed AJ, Volkman TL, Drake MT, Hines JM, Singh RJ. Development and Application of Mass Spectroscopy Assays for Nε-(1-Carboxymethyl)-L-Lysine and Pentosidine in Renal Failure and Diabetes. J Appl Lab Med 2020; 5:558-568. [PMID: 32445362 PMCID: PMC7192546 DOI: 10.1093/jalm/jfaa023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are formed via the nonenzymatic glycation of sugars with amino acids. Two AGEs, Nε-(1-carboxymethyl)-L-Lysine (CML) and pentosidine, have been observed to be elevated in subjects suffering from a multitude of chronic disease states, and accumulation of these compounds may be related to the pathophysiology of disease progression and aging. METHODS We describe here the development and validation of a specific and reproducible LC-MS/MS method to quantify CML and pentosidine in human serum with lower limits of quantitation of 75 ng/mL and 5 ng/mL, respectively. The analyte calibration curve exhibited excellent linearity at a range of 0-10 900 ng/mL for CML and 0-800 ng/mL for pentosidine. High-low linearity of 5 serum pairs was assessed, with a mean recovery of 103% (range 94-116%) for CML, and 104% (range 97-116%) for pentosidine. RESULTS Serum concentrations of CML and pentosidine were quantified in 30 control and 30 subjects with chronic renal insufficiency. A significant increase in both analytes was observed in renal failure compared to control subjects (2.1-fold and 8.4-fold, respectively; P < 0.001 for both). In a separate cohort of 49 control versus 95 subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), serum CML but not serum pentosidine, was significantly elevated in the T2DM patients, and CML was also correlated with glycemic control, as assessed by hemoglobin A1c (r = 0.34, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS These mass spectroscopy-based assays for serum CML and pentosidine should be useful in accurately evaluating circulating levels of these key AGEs in various disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sundeep Khosla
- Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
- Address correspondence to: S.K. at College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905. Fax: 507-293-3853; e-mail . R.J.S. at College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905. Fax 507-293-3853; e-mail
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ravinder J Singh
- Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
- Address correspondence to: S.K. at College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905. Fax: 507-293-3853; e-mail . R.J.S. at College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905. Fax 507-293-3853; e-mail
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22
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Naka M, Kadoya M, Kosaka-Hamamoto K, Morimoto A, Miyoshi A, Kakutani M, Shoji T, Koyama H. Overestimation of glomerular filtration rate calculated from serum creatinine as compared with cystatin C in patients with subclinical hypercortisolism: Hyogo Adrenal Metabolic Registry. Endocr J 2020; 67:469-476. [PMID: 31969517 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej19-0478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The skeletal muscle mass are decreased in the patients with hypercortisolism. Glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) is not accurately evaluated by calculation from serum creatinine (eGFRcre) in these patients. However, it is not known whether it applies to patients with subclinical hypercortisolism. We investigated the dissociation between eGFRcre and eGFR calculated from cystatin C (eGFRcys) in patients with subclinical hypercortisolism and its association with the skeletal muscle mass. This cross-sectional study includes 23 patients with overt Cushing's syndrome (CS), 84 patients with possible autonomous cortisol secretion (pACS) and 232 patients with non-functioning adenomas (NFA). eGFRcre, eGFRcys, the ratio of eGFRcre to eGFRcys (eGFRcre/eGFRcys) were calculated. Skeletal muscle index (SMI) was measured by a direct segmental multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance body composition analyzer. eGFRcre/eGFRcys was significantly higher (p < 0.01) in pACS (mean ± standard error: 1.15 ± 0.02) than NFA (1.06 ± 0.01). In multiple linear regression analysis, the presence of pACS (β = 0.162, p < 0.01), and post 1 mg-DST cortisol levels (β = 0.190, p < 0.01) were significantly associated with eGFRcre/eGFRcys independent of age, gender, BMI and diabetes. eGFRcre/eGFRcys was significantly and inversely associated with SMI (r = -0.164, p = 0.02). Furthermore, post 1 mg-DST cortisol levels was significantly associated with SMI in simple (r = -0.177, p = 0.01) and multiple (β = -0.089, p = 0.01) regression analyses. In conclusion, dissociation between eGFRcre and eGFRcys was observed in patients with subclinical hypercortisolism at least partly explained by muscle mass. Our findings raise an important clinical point that eGFRcre value should be carefully evaluated even in the phase of subclinical hypercortisolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Naka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Clinical Immunology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Manabu Kadoya
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Clinical Immunology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Kae Kosaka-Hamamoto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Clinical Immunology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Akiko Morimoto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Clinical Immunology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Akio Miyoshi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Clinical Immunology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Miki Kakutani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Clinical Immunology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Takuhito Shoji
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Clinical Immunology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Hidenori Koyama
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Clinical Immunology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
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23
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Haas L, Eckart A, Haubitz S, Mueller B, Schuetz P, Segerer S. Estimated glomerular filtration rate predicts 30-day mortality in medical emergency departments: Results of a prospective multi-national observational study. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0230998. [PMID: 32251482 PMCID: PMC7135226 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal failure is common in patients seeking help in medical emergency departments. Decreased renal function is associated with increased mortality in patients with heart failure or sepsis. In this study, the association between renal function (reflected by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at the time of admission) and clinical outcome was evaluated. METHODS/OBJECTIVES Data was used from a prospective, multi-national, observational cohort of patients treated in three medical emergency departments of tertiary care centers. The eGFR was calculated from the creatinine at the time of admission (using the Chronic Kidney Disease-Epidemiology Collaboration equation,CKD-EPI). Uni- and multivariate regression models were used for eGFR and 30-day mortality, in hospital mortality, length of stay and intensive care unit admission rate. RESULTS 6983 patients were included. The 30-day mortality was 1.8%, 3.5%, 6.9%, 11.1%, 13.6%, and 14.2% in patients with eGFR of above 90, 60-89, 45-59, 30-44, 15-29, and <15 ml/min/1.73m2, respectively. Using multivariate regression, the adjusted odds ratio (OR) was 2.31 (for 15-29 ml/min/1.73m2, 95% confidence interval 1.36 to 3.90, p = 0.002) and 3.73 (for eGFR <15ml/min/1.73m2 as compared to >90 ml/min/1.73m2, 95% CI 2.04 to 6.84, p<0.001). For 10 ml/min/1.73m2 decrease in eGFR the OR for the 30-day mortality was 1.15 (95% CI1.09 to 1.22, p<0.001).The eGFR was also significantly associated with in-hospital mortality, the percentage of ICU-admissions, and with a longer hospital stay. No association was found with hospital readmission within 30 days. As limitations, only eGFR at admission was available and the number of patients on hemodialysis was unknown. CONCLUSION Reduced eGFR at the time of admission is a strong and independent predictor for adverse outcome in this large population of patients admitted to medical emergency departments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Haas
- Division of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, University Department of Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
| | - Andreas Eckart
- Division of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, University Department of Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Haubitz
- Division of General Internal and Emergency Medicine, University Department of Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland
| | - Beat Mueller
- Division of General Internal and Emergency Medicine, University Department of Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Schuetz
- Division of General Internal and Emergency Medicine, University Department of Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Segerer
- Division of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, University Department of Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland
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Kornelius E, Lo SC, Huang CN, Wang YH, Yang YS. Association of blood glucose and renal end points in advanced diabetic kidney disease. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2020; 161:108011. [PMID: 31991151 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The association of blood glucose in advanced diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is unclear. This study investigated the association between blood glucose and renal endpoints in DKD patients. METHODS This retrospective cohort study enrolled type 2 diabetic patients with advanced DKD with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) between 30 and 90 ml/min/1.73 m2 and urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) of 300-5000 mg/g. We classified patients into 2 groups according to their 1-year average HbA1c: <7% and >7%. We followed up the patients until the occurrence of primary renal endpoints. RESULTS A total of 345 patients were included in the analysis for the period 2012-2018. Mean baseline eGFR was 58 ml/min/1.73 m2 and mean albuminuria levels were 1146 and 1313 mg/g, respectively. Median study duration was 3 years. The risk of primary renal endpoints was not decreased in patients with HbA1c less than 7% with an adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) of 0.62, 95% CI 0.26-1.45. The risks of persistent eGFR lower than 15 ml/min/1.73 m2 and doubling of serum creatinine level were similar between 2 group with aHR of 0.58 (95% CI 0.19-1.83) and 0.61 (95% CI 0.26-1.44), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Intensive blood sugar control did not prevent renal failure in advanced DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edy Kornelius
- Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taiwan; Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chang Lo
- Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ning Huang
- Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taiwan; Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsun Wang
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Sun Yang
- Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taiwan; Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taiwan.
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25
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Jain RB. Variabilities in concentrations of selected perfluoroalkyl acids among normotensives and hypertensives across various stages of glomerular function. Arch Environ Occup Health 2020; 76:12-22. [PMID: 32102626 DOI: 10.1080/19338244.2020.1732856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Data (N = 10643) from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey for US adults aged > = 20 years for 2003-2016 were analyzed to evaluate how concentrations of selected perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAA) vary among normotensives and hypertensives across various stages of glomerular function (GF) namely from stage 1 to stage 3B/4. Regression models stratified by GF stages and hypertension status were fitted for each of the five PFAAs, namely, PFOA, PFOS, PFDA, PFHxS, and PFNA. For the total population, hypertensives had higher adjusted levels than normotensives for GF-1, GF-2, and GF-3A with highest differences being at GF-3A for every PFAA. At GF-3B/4, hypertensives had lower adjusted geometric means (AGM) than normotensives. While AGMs for PFAA for hypertensives followed inverted U-shaped distributions with points of inflections at GF-3A, for normotensives the points of inflections were at GF-2 or GF-3A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram B Jain
- Independent Researcher, Dacula, Georgia, USA
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26
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Shah K, Fischetti B, Cha A, Taft DR. Using PBPK Modeling to Predict Drug Exposure and Support Dosage Adjustments in Patients With Renal Impairment: An Example with Lamivudine. Curr Drug Discov Technol 2020; 17:387-396. [PMID: 30767745 DOI: 10.2174/1570163816666190214164916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lamivudine is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor used to treat HIV and hepatitis B. It is primarily cleared by the kidney with renal secretion mediated by OCT2 and MATE. OBJECTIVE To use PBPK modeling to assess the impact of renal impairment on lamivudine pharmacokinetics using the Simcyp® Simulator. METHODS The model incorporated the Simcyp® Mechanistic Kidney Model option to predict renal disposition. The model was initially verified using the Simcyp® Healthy Volunteer population. Two discrete patient populations were then created for moderate (GFR 10-40 mL/min) and severe (GFR < 10 mL/min) renal failure (RF), and model simulations were compared to published data. The developed model was then utilized in a clinical study evaluating the clinical experience and plasma exposure of lamivudine when administered at higher than recommended doses to HIV-infected patients with varying degrees of renal impairment. RESULTS Predicted systemic exposure metrics (Cmax, AUC) compared favorably to published clinical data for each population, with the following fold errors (FE, ratio of predicted and observed data) for Cmax/AUC: Healthy Volunteers 1.04/1.04, Moderate RF 1.03/0.78, Severe RF 0.89/0.79. The model captured lamivudine plasma concentrations measured pre- and post-dose (0.5-1.5hr) in study participants (n = 34). Model simulations demonstrated comparable systemic profiles across patient cohorts, supporting the proposed dosage adjustment scheme. CONCLUSION This study illustrates how PBPK modeling can help verify dosing guidelines for patients with varying levels of renal impairment. This approach may also be useful for predicting potential changes in exposure during renal insufficiency for compounds undergoing clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kushal Shah
- Samuel J. and Joan B. Williamson Institute for Pharmacometrics, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Arnold & Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Long Island University, Brooklyn 11201, New York, United States
| | - Briann Fischetti
- Division of Pharmacy Practice, Arnold & Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Long Island University, Brooklyn 11201, New York, United States
- Department of Pharmacy, The Brooklyn Hospital Center, Brooklyn 11201, New York, USA
| | - Agnes Cha
- Division of Pharmacy Practice, Arnold & Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Long Island University, Brooklyn 11201, New York, United States
- Department of Pharmacy, The Brooklyn Hospital Center, Brooklyn 11201, New York, USA
| | - David R Taft
- Samuel J. and Joan B. Williamson Institute for Pharmacometrics, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Arnold & Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Long Island University, Brooklyn 11201, New York, United States
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Khairnar SI, Mahajan UB, Patil KR, Patel HM, Shinde SD, Goyal SN, Belemkar S, Ojha S, Patil CR. Disulfiram and Its Copper Chelate Attenuate Cisplatin-Induced Acute Nephrotoxicity in Rats Via Reduction of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation. Biol Trace Elem Res 2020; 193:174-184. [PMID: 30825159 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-019-01683-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The use of cisplatin (CP) in chemotherapy of resistant cancers is limited due to its dose-dependent nephrotoxicity. Disulfiram (DSF), the aversion therapy for alcoholism, has recently emerged as an anticancer and chemopreventive agent. Its anticancer activity is potentiated in the presence of copper. However, such use of copper leads to several adverse effects. In the present study, the protective effect of DSF and its copper chelate (Cu-DEDC) against CP-induced nephrotoxicity in rats was evaluated. Nephrotoxicity was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of CP (5 mg/kg). The treatment groups included control (vehicle treated), CP (CP-treated), CP + DSF (CP followed by DSF), CP + DSF + Cu (CP followed by DSF and CuCl2), CP + Cu-DEDC (CP followed by Cu-DEDC), and CP + AMF (amifostine pre-treated and CP-treated). The DSF, Cu-DEDC, and CuCl2 were administered orally at 50 mM/kg/day dose for 5 days post CP injection. AMF served as a standard chemo protectant, administered intravenously 30 min prior to CP. The markers of oxidative stress, inflammation, and kidney function estimated on the 6th day revealed that both DSF and Cu-DEDC significantly attenuated the CP-induced rise in the serum/urine creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN). The CP-induced rise in serum alkaline phosphatase (ALPase) was reversed by these drugs. Both drugs reduced the levels of malondialdehyde and nitric oxide (NO) in kidney tissues. These drugs reversed CP-induced depletion of SOD, catalase, and GSH in the kidneys. There was a significant reduction in the CP-induced TNF-α and IL-1β production along with prevention of histological alterations. Above observations indicate that DSF and Cu-DEDC may have significance as adjuvants to protect against CP-induced nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shraddha I Khairnar
- Department of Pharmacology, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, Dist. Dhule, Maharashtra, 425405, India
| | - Umesh B Mahajan
- Department of Pharmacology, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, Dist. Dhule, Maharashtra, 425405, India
| | - Kalpesh R Patil
- Department of Pharmacology, H. R. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, Dist. Dhule, Maharashtra, 425405, India
| | - Harun M Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, Dist. Dhule, Maharashtra, 425405, India
| | - Sachin D Shinde
- Department of Pharmacology, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, Dist. Dhule, Maharashtra, 425405, India
| | - Sameer N Goyal
- Department of Pharmacology, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, Dist. Dhule, Maharashtra, 425405, India
- Shri Vile Parle Kelavani Mandal's Institute of Pharmacy, Dhule, Maharashtra, 424001, India
| | - Sateesh Belemkar
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, Shirpur, India, Shirpur, Dist. Dhule, Maharashtra, 425405, India
| | - Shreesh Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 17666, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Chandragouda R Patil
- Department of Pharmacology, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, Dist. Dhule, Maharashtra, 425405, India.
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Muradbegovic J, Leidi A, Serratrice J. [Cefepime-induced encephalopathy]. Rev Med Suisse 2019; 15:2210-2212. [PMID: 31778052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Since 2017 the world suffers from a piperacillin/tazobactam shortage. Cefepime is then proposed as a broad spectrum antibiotic alternative. Up to 15 % of the patients under treatment develop neurotoxicity, mostly in kidney failure settings. Cefepime serum concentration and electroencephalogram guide diagnosis. Treatment consists in withholding or reducing the dose. Most of the patients recover without neurologic sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonio Leidi
- Service de médecine interne générale, HUG, 1211 Genève 14
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29
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Ossani GP, Uceda AM, Acosta JM, Lago NR, Repetto MG, Martino DJ, Toblli JE. Role of Oxidative Stress in Lithium-Induced Nephropathy. Biol Trace Elem Res 2019; 191:412-418. [PMID: 30600502 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-018-1617-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Long-term lithium treatment was associated with chronic kidney disease and renal failure although the underlying pathogenic mechanisms are not certainty known. The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in oxidative stress measures as well as renal functional and structural alterations associated with chronic use of lithium in rats. Forty Wistar male rats were randomized into four groups: control groups fed ad libitum powered standard diet for 1 and 3 months and experimental groups fed ad libitum the same diet supplemented with 60 mmol/kg diet for 1 and 3 months. Histopathological changes, laboratory parameters, and oxidative stress measurements were assessed at months 1 and 3. The experimental animals showed alteration of the cortical tubules from the first month of lithium-treatment and a decrease in the glomerular filtration rate and in the glomerular area at the third month. There was an increase in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and carbonyls, as well as an increase in reduced glutathione, in the kidney of rats exposed to lithium. These changes were evident from the first month of treatment and remained throughout the experiment. Our results suggest that, oxidative stress could be one of the pathogenic mechanisms involved in the structural and functional alterations of the kidney associated with prolonged use of lithium. The study of the pathogenic mechanisms involved in lithium-induced nephropathy is a critical issue for the development of new strategies for prevention and/or early detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina P Ossani
- School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Centre of Experimental and Applied Pathology, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Hospital Alemán, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Ana M Uceda
- School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Centre of Experimental and Applied Pathology, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Hospital Alemán, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan M Acosta
- School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Physicochemistry, Cathedra of General and Inorganic Chemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Néstor R Lago
- School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Centre of Experimental and Applied Pathology, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marisa G Repetto
- National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Physicochemistry, Cathedra of General and Inorganic Chemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diego J Martino
- National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience (INCyT), INECO Foundation, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jorge E Toblli
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Hospital Alemán, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Greene SJ, Felker GM, Giczewska A, Kalogeropoulos AP, Ambrosy AP, Chakraborty H, DeVore AD, Fudim M, McNulty SE, Mentz RJ, Vaduganathan M, Hernandez AF, Butler J. Spironolactone in Acute Heart Failure Patients With Renal Dysfunction and Risk Factors for Diuretic Resistance: From the ATHENA-HF Trial. Can J Cardiol 2019; 35:1097-1105. [PMID: 31230825 PMCID: PMC6685766 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2019.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute heart failure (HF) patients with renal insufficiency and risk factors for diuretic resistance may be most likely to derive incremental improvement in congestion with the addition of spironolactone. METHODS The Aldosterone Targeted Neurohormonal Combined with Natriuresis Therapy in Heart Failure (ATHENA-HF) trial randomized 360 acute HF patients with reduced or preserved ejection fraction to spironolactone 100 mg daily or usual care for 96 hours. The current analysis assessed the effects of study therapy within tertiles of baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and subgroups at heightened risk for diuretic resistance. RESULTS Across eGFR tertiles, there was no incremental benefit of high-dose spironolactone on any efficacy endpoint, including changes in log N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide and signs and symptoms of congestion (all P for interaction ≥ 0.06). High-dose spironolactone had no significant effect on N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide reduction regardless of blood pressure, diabetes mellitus status, and loop diuretic dose (all P for interaction ≥ 0.38). In-hospital changes in serum potassium and creatinine were similar between treatment groups for all GFR tertiles (all P for interaction ≥ 0.18). Rates of inpatient worsening HF, 30-day worsening HF, and 60-day all-cause mortality were numerically higher among patients with lower baseline eGFR, but relative effects of study treatment did not differ with renal function (all P for interaction ≥ 0.27). CONCLUSIONS High-dose spironolactone did not improve congestion over usual care among patients with acute HF, irrespective of renal function and risk factors for diuretic resistance. In-hospital initiation or continuation of spironolactone was safe during the inpatient stay, even when administered at high doses to patients with moderate renal dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Greene
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
| | - G Michael Felker
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Anna Giczewska
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and Informatics, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk, Poland
| | | | - Andrew P Ambrosy
- Department of Cardiology, Kaiser Permanente San Francisco Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA; Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California, USA
| | | | - Adam D DeVore
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Marat Fudim
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Robert J Mentz
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Muthiah Vaduganathan
- Brigham and Women's Hospital Heart & Vascular Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Adrian F Hernandez
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Javed Butler
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
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Fiseha T, Mengesha T, Girma R, Kebede E, Gebreweld A. Estimation of renal function in adult outpatients with normal serum creatinine. BMC Res Notes 2019; 12:462. [PMID: 31358035 PMCID: PMC6664564 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-019-4487-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of renal insufficiency using estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) among adult outpatients with normal SCr. RESULTS A total of 414 patients with normal SCr were included in the study. Mean GFR (ml/min/1.73 m2) was 116.8 ± 43.5 using the MDRD equation and 90.5 ± 33.1 by the C-G formula. According to the MDRD formula, mild renal insufficiency (i.e. eGFR 60-89.9 ml/min/1.73 m2) was found in 21.5% of the patients and moderate renal insufficiency (i.e. eGFR 30-59.9 ml/min/1.73 m2) was found in 7.7%. According to the Cockcroft-Gault (C-G) formula, mild renal insufficiency was found in 38.2% and moderate renal insufficiency in 16.9% of the patients with normal SCr. In multivariate analysis, older age, female sex, a family history of kidney disease or other chronic diseases and high systolic blood pressure were associated with prevalent renal insufficiency depending on the formula used to estimate GFR. This study demonstrates the substantial prevalence of impaired renal function among Ethiopian adult outpatients with normal SCr. Including calculated estimates of GFR in routine laboratory reporting may help to facilitate the identification and thus optimal management of patients with renal insufficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Temesgen Fiseha
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Tizita Mengesha
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Rahel Girma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Edosa Kebede
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Angesom Gebreweld
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
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32
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Igarashi K, Uemura T, Kashiwagi K. Assessing acrolein for determination of the severity of brain stroke, dementia, renal failure, and Sjögren's syndrome. Amino Acids 2019; 52:119-127. [PMID: 30863888 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-019-02700-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
It was found recently that acrolein (CH2=CH-CHO), mainly produced from spermine, is more toxic than ROS (reactive oxygen species, O2-·, H2O2, and ·OH). In this review, we describe how the seriousness of brain infarction, dementia, renal failure, and Sjӧgren's syndrome is correlated with acrolein. In brain infarction and dementia, it was possible to identify incipient patients with high sensitivity and specificity by measuring protein-conjugated acrolein (PC-Acro) in plasma together with IL-6 and CRP in brain infarction and Aβ40/42 in dementia. The level of PC-Acro in plasma and saliva correlated with the seriousness of renal failure and Sjӧgren's syndrome, respectively. Thus, development of acrolein scavenger medicines containing SH-group such as N-acetylcysteine derivatives is important to maintain QOL (quality of life) of the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuei Igarashi
- Amine Pharma Research Institute, Innovation Plaza at Chiba University, 1-8-15 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Chiba, 260-0856, Japan.
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Uemura
- Amine Pharma Research Institute, Innovation Plaza at Chiba University, 1-8-15 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Chiba, 260-0856, Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan
| | - Keiko Kashiwagi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiba Institute of Science, 15-8 Shiomi-cho, Choshi, Chiba, 288-0025, Japan
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Labbadia R, Bizzarri C, Mucciolo M, Di Zazzo G, Guzzo I, Cappa M, Emma F, Dello Strologo L. Renal Tubular Dysfunction Fully Accounts for Plasma Biochemical Abnormalities in Type 1A Pseudohypoparathyroidism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104:823-826. [PMID: 30418563 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2018-01193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Type 1A pseudohypoparathyroidism (PHP-1A) is characterized by target organ resistance to PTH. Patients can present with various dysmorphic features; however, renal failure has not been classically described. CASE DESCRIPTION A female patient came to our attention at the age of 7 years with characteristic signs of PTH resistance (i.e., hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, and high serum PTH levels). She also presented with hypothyroidism, early-onset obesity, short metacarpal bones, and multiple subcutaneous ossifications, leading to a clinical diagnosis of pseudohypoparathyroidism. In addition to her genetic condition, she had bilateral renal hypodysplasia that was slowly progressing to end-stage kidney disease. She received a kidney transplant at the age of 16 years and, after transplantation, experienced rapidly normalized calcium, phosphate, and PTH levels, allowing f withdrawal of vitamin D supplementation. CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge, ours is the first report of a patient with PHP-1A undergoing kidney transplantation. Normalization of biochemical parameters after the procedure demonstrated that renal tubular resistance to PTH is sufficient to explain the calcium/phosphate abnormalities observed in PHP-1A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Labbadia
- Nephrology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Research Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Bizzarri
- Endocrinology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Research Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Mafalda Mucciolo
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Bambino Gesù Children's Research Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giacomo Di Zazzo
- Nephrology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Research Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Isabella Guzzo
- Nephrology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Research Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Cappa
- Endocrinology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Research Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Emma
- Nephrology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Research Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Dello Strologo
- Nephrology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Research Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Moore LW, Suki WN, Lunsford KE, Sabek OM, Knight RJ, Gaber AO. Cross-sectional evaluation of the relationship between vitamin D status and supplement use across levels of kidney function in adults. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e022471. [PMID: 30798303 PMCID: PMC6398648 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-022471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to assess vitamin D status of US non-pregnant adults using a standardised assay across 15 mL/min/1.73 m2 increments of kidney function, report the use of dietary supplements containing vitamin D and assess relationships between vitamin D and markers of bone resorption. DESIGN This study is a cross-sectional evaluation. SETTING The study is from the US National Health and Nutrition Evaluation Survey in 2001-2012. PARTICIPANTS The participants were non-institutionalised, non-pregnant adults, age ≥20 years. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome measure was serum 25OHD evaluated using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy traceable to international reference standards. Secondary outcome measures were use of dietary supplements containing vitamin D and the serum intact parathyroid hormone and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase in a subset of participants. RESULTS The median 25OHD concentration in 27 543 US non-pregnant adults was 25.7 ng/mL (range, 2.2-150.0 ng/mL). Vitamin D supplements were used by 38.0%; mean (SE)=757 (43) international units/day. The range of 25OHD concentration across groups, stratified by kidney function, was 23.0-28.1 ng/mL. The lowest concentration of 25OHD observed was in people with higher kidney function (23.0 ng/mL for estimated glomerular filtration rate >105 mL/min/1.73 m2). Only 24% of people not taking a dietary supplement had a 25OHD concentration >30 ng/mL. Serum intact parathyroid hormone inversely correlated with 25OHD within all kidney function groups. Bone-specific alkaline phosphatase was also negatively associated with 25OHD concentration. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that 25OHD concentrations and supplement use may be suboptimal in a significant proportion of the population, across all kidney function levels. The response of bone resorption markers further suggests that 25OHD levels could be improved. Together, these data support a re-evaluation of the 25OHD concentration associated with health in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda W Moore
- Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
- Center for Outcomes Research, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Wadi N Suki
- Department of Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Keri E Lunsford
- Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Omaima M Sabek
- Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Richard J Knight
- Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - A Osama Gaber
- Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, Texas, USA
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Cho EH, Kim SW. Soluble Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Levels Are Associated with Decreased Renal Function in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Metab J 2019; 43:97-104. [PMID: 30302966 PMCID: PMC6387880 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2018.0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) is strongly expressed in the kidney, and soluble levels of this protein are used as a marker in various chronic inflammatory diseases, including diabetes, coronary artery disease, and cancer. This study examined the association between the serum soluble DPP-4 levels and renal function or cardiovascular risk in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS In this retrospective analysis, soluble DPP-4 levels were measured in preserved sera from 140 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who had participated in our previous coronary artery calcium (CAC) score study. RESULTS The mean±standard deviation soluble DPP-4 levels in our study sample were 645±152 ng/mL. Univariate analyses revealed significant correlations of soluble DPP-4 levels with the total cholesterol (r=0.214, P=0.019) and serum creatinine levels (r=-0.315, P<0.001) and the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR; estimated using the modification of diet in renal disease equation) (r=0.303, P=0.001). The associations of soluble DPP-4 levels with serum creatinine and GFR remained significant after adjusting for age, body mass index, and duration of diabetes. However, no associations were observed between soluble DPP-4 levels and the body mass index, waist circumference, or CAC score. CONCLUSION These data suggest the potential use of serum soluble DPP-4 levels as a future biomarker of deteriorated renal function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Hee Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Sang Wook Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea.
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Zhou D, Sun L, Nguyen M, Yeh LT, Wilson DM. The Effects of Special Patient Population Plasma on Pharmacokinetic Quantifications Using LC-MS/MS. Drug Metab Lett 2019; 13:111-122. [PMID: 31613735 DOI: 10.2174/1872312813666191015162634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical development of lesinurad, a selective uric acid reabsorption inhibitor, required analysis of lesinurad in plasma from special patient populations. METHODS EMA and FDA bioanalytical method validation guidance have recommended studying matrix effects on quantitation if samples from special patient populations are to be analyzed. In addition to lesinurad (plasma protein binding 98.2%), the matrix effects from special population plasma on the quantitation of verapamil (PPB 89.6%), allopurinol and oxypurinol (PPB negligible) were also investigated. RESULTS The plasma from special population patients had no matrix effects on the three quantification methods with stable isotope labeled internal standard, protein precipitation extraction, and LC-MS/MS detection. The validated lesinurad plasma quantification method was successfully applied for the pharmacokinetic evaluations to support the clinical studies in renal impaired patients. CONCLUSION Special population plasma did not affect quantitation of drugs with a wide range of plasma protein binding levels in human plasma. With the confirmation that there is no impact on quantification from the matrix, the bioanalytical method can be used to support the pharmacokinetic evaluations for clinical studies in special populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Zhou
- Bioanalytical Department, Ardea Biosciences / AstraZeneca, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Lifang Sun
- Bioanalytical Department, Ardea Biosciences / AstraZeneca, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Mai Nguyen
- Bioanalytical Department, Ardea Biosciences / AstraZeneca, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Li- Tain Yeh
- Bioanalytical Department, Ardea Biosciences / AstraZeneca, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - David M Wilson
- Bioanalytical Department, Ardea Biosciences / AstraZeneca, San Diego, CA, United States
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Miyaoka D, Imanishi Y, Ohara M, Hayashi N, Nagata Y, Yamada S, Mori K, Emoto M, Inaba M. Impaired residual renal function predicts denosumab-induced serum calcium decrement as well as increment of bone mineral density in non-severe renal insufficiency. Osteoporos Int 2019; 30:241-249. [PMID: 30187112 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-018-4688-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Denosumab treatment of osteoporotic patients, except those with severe renal insufficiency, reduced cCa levels. Low baseline cCa, low estimated glomerular filtration rate, and high bone turnover increased the risk of lower cCa, while increasing bone mineral density. Pretreatment with antiresorptive agents was beneficial in reducing the risk of hypocalcemia. INTRODUCTION Although denosumab-induced hypocalcemia has been frequently observed in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages 4-5D being treated with denosumab for osteoporosis, few studies have assessed the risk factors for serum-corrected calcium (cCa) reductions in patients with non-severe renal insufficiency. This study assessed the risk factors for reduced cCa concentration following denosumab administration and analyzed factors predictive of changes in bone mineral density (BMD). METHODS Seventy-seven osteoporotic patients, not including those with CKD stages 4-5D, were treated with 60 mg denosumab once every 6 months. Biochemical parameters and BMD were analyzed from prior to the initial dose until 1 month after the second dose. RESULTS Following the first administration of denosumab, cCa levels decreased, reaching a minimum on day 7. Multiple linear regression analyses showed that baseline cCa, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-5b (TRACP-5b), and bone alkaline phosphatase (BAP) or pretreatment with antiresorptive agents were significant factors independently associated with the absolute reduction in cCa from baseline to day 7 (ΔcCa0-7 days). ΔcCa0-7 days after the second dose of denosumab was significantly lower than that after the first dose. After 6 months of denosumab treatment, both LS-BMD and FN-BMD significantly increased from baseline. LS-BMD and FN-BMD correlated significantly with baseline TRACP-5b or BAP and eGFR, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Both low eGFR and high bone turnover were independent risk factors for denosumab-induced cCa decrement, and for increases in BMD. Pretreatment with antiresorptive agents may reduce the risk of hypocalcemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Miyaoka
- Department of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Y Imanishi
- Department of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan.
| | - M Ohara
- Department of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - N Hayashi
- Department of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Y Nagata
- Department of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - S Yamada
- Department of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - K Mori
- Department of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - M Emoto
- Department of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - M Inaba
- Department of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
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Neelofar K, Ahmad J. A comparative analysis of fructosamine with other risk factors for kidney dysfunction in diabetic patients with or without chronic kidney disease. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2019; 13:240-244. [PMID: 30641705 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperglycemia is the driving force for the development of diabetic nephropathy leading to the end stage renal disease. It is well known that in hyperglycaemic condition, serum proteins become glycated through non-enzymatic glycation. With the other risk factors, serum fructosamine may be an important risk factor for kidney impairment. To assess coexistence of frequently documented risk factors of kidney dysfunction with serum fructosamine in diabetic patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). METHODS In this study, total 150 individuals, as control, type2 diabetic patients without complication and with CKD were included. Blood samples were collected from all the samples to estimate blood glucose, HbA1c, serum creatinine, fructosamine levels and lipid profile. Statistical analysis i.e. regression and correlation between serum fructosamine and other documented risk factors for diabetic CKD has been done. P < 0.001 was considered significant. RESULTS Serum fructosamine, HbA1c, creatinine levels, cholesterol and LDL were increased significantly (P < 0.001) in diabetic patients with CKD compared to without complications. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure and BMI were also significantly higher in diabetic patients compared to control. Serum creatinine, total cholesterol and LDL showed a significant positive correlation but HDL showed a negative correlation with fructosamine in CKD diabetic patients. No significant correlation was found with any risk factors in diabetic patients without complications expect HbA1c. CONCLUSION It is concluded that elevated serum fructosamine level is strongly associated with kidney dysfunction in diabetic patients. As there is a significant link between serum fructosamine and other risk factors for CKD diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Km Neelofar
- Dept. of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, J.N. Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India.
| | - Jamal Ahmad
- Diabetes & Endocrinology Super Speciality Centre, Kela Nagar Chauraha, Jeevangarh Road, Aligarh, 202001, India; Dept of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Diabetes and Endocrinology, J.N. Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
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Komirenko AS, Riddle V, Gibbons JA, Van Wart S, Seroogy JD. A Phase 1 Study To Assess the Pharmacokinetics of Intravenous Plazomicin in Adult Subjects with Varying Degrees of Renal Function. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2018; 62:e01128-18. [PMID: 30275092 PMCID: PMC6256775 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01128-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Plazomicin is an FDA-approved aminoglycoside for the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections. In this open-label study, 24 adults with normal renal function or mild, moderate, or severe renal impairment (n = 6 per group) received a single 7.5-mg/kg of body weight dose of plazomicin as a 30-min intravenous infusion. Total clearance declined with renal impairment, resulting in 1.98-fold and 4.42-fold higher plazomicin exposures, as measured by the area under the concentration-time curve from 0 h to infinity, in subjects with moderate and severe impairment, respectively, than in subjects with normal renal function. (This study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under identifier NCT01462136.).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Scott Van Wart
- Institute for Clinical Pharmacodynamics, Schenectady, New York, USA
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Imran A, Arshad MU, Arshad MS, Imran M, Saeed F, Sohaib M. Lipid peroxidation diminishing perspective of isolated theaflavins and thearubigins from black tea in arginine induced renal malfunctional rats. Lipids Health Dis 2018; 17:157. [PMID: 30021615 PMCID: PMC6052712 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-018-0808-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently oxidative stress induced maladies have amplified owing to sedentary lifestyle and monotonous diet. Introduction of plant based biomolecules may be a suitable strategy to cope with the lipid peroxidation. In this context, black tea polyphenols (theaflavin & thearubigins) are in fame among the scientific community as cost effective therapeutic agents owing to their safety, economics, structural diversity and ability to modulate various lipid peroxidation responses by halting the expression of different metabolic targets. METHODS The mandate of present investigation was to first time check the synergism among the isolated theaflavins & thearubigins against lipid peroxidative indicators both in vitro and in vivo. Purposely, theaflavins and thearubigins were isolated from black tea through solvent partition methods by using different solvents (Aqueous ethanol, Aqueous methanol & Water) and time intervals (30, 60 & 90 min) and subjected to in vitro characterization through different antioxidant indices to access the in vitro lipid peroxidation shooting effect of these bioactive moieties. Moreover, individual theaflavins contents also estimate through HPLC. For evaluation of in vivo antioxidant effect, renal malfunction was induced through arginine and forty rats were divided in four groups (10 each after power analysis) and 04 types of diets were given i.e. T0 (control diet without supplementation), T1 (Basic experimental Diet+ theaflavins supplementation @ 1 g), T2 (Basic experimental Diet+ Thearubigins supplementation @ 1 g) & T3 (Basic experimental Diet+ Supplementation of theaflavins+ thearubigins @ 0.5 + 0.5 g, respectively) for the period of 56 days. Alongside, a control study was also carried out for comparison by involving normal rats fed on arginine free diet. The body weight, lipid profile, glycemic responses, Renal function test, liver function test, antioxidant indices and hematological parameters were estimated at the termination of study. RESULTS The results indicated that theaflavins and thearubigins isolation was significantly affected by time of extraction and solvent. In this context, aqueous ethanol at 60 min extraction interval caused maximum extraction. Likewise, theaflavins isolate exhibited more antioxidant activity as compared to thearubigins. Moreover, the theaflavins and thearubigins based experimental diets imparted significant reduction in Lipid profile, glucose content, renal function tests and TBARS with enhancement in insulin, HDL and hematological parameters. In this context, theaflavin based diet caused maximum reduction in lipid profile and TBARS better as compared to thearubigins and theaflavins + thearubigins based. However, theaflavin+ thearubigins based diet caused highest glucose, urea & creatinine decline and maximum insulin increase & antioxidant indices as compared to other nutraceuticals. CONCLUSIONS It was deduced that theaflavins & thearubigins have strong antioxidative potential both in in vitro as well as in vivo to tackle the menace associated with lipid peroxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Imran
- Institute of Home and Food Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38040 Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Umair Arshad
- Institute of Home and Food Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38040 Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sajid Arshad
- Institute of Home and Food Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38040 Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The University Of Lahore-Pakistan, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Farhan Saeed
- Institute of Home and Food Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38040 Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sohaib
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, 54000 Pakistan
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Wood S, Petty D, Glidewell L, Raynor DT. Application of prescribing recommendations in older people with reduced kidney function: a cross-sectional study in general practice. Br J Gen Pract 2018; 68:e378-e387. [PMID: 29686132 PMCID: PMC5916085 DOI: 10.3399/bjgp18x695993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kidney function reduces with age, increasing the risk of harm from increased blood levels of many medicines. Although estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) is reported for prescribing decisions in those aged ≥65 years, creatinine clearance (Cockcroft-Gault) gives a more accurate estimate of kidney function. AIM To explore the extent of prescribing outside recommendations for people aged ≥65 years with reduced kidney function in primary care and to assess the impact of using eGFR instead of creatinine clearance to calculate kidney function. DESIGN AND SETTING A cross-sectional survey of anonymised prescribing data in people aged ≥65 years from all 80 general practices (70 900 patients) in a north of England former primary care trust. METHOD The prevalence of prescribing outside recommendations was analysed for eight exemplar drugs. Data were collected for age, sex, actual weight, serum creatinine, and eGFR. Kidney function as creatinine clearance (Cockcroft-Gault) was calculated using actual body weight and estimated ideal body weight. RESULTS Kidney function was too low for recommended prescribing in 4-40% of people aged ≥65 years, and in 24-80% of people aged ≥85 years despite more than 90% of patients having recent recorded kidney function results. Using eGFR overestimated kidney function for 3-28% of those aged ≥65 years, and for 13-58% of those aged ≥85 years. Increased age predicted higher odds of having a kidney function estimate too low for recommended prescribing of the study drugs. CONCLUSION Prescribing recommendations when kidney function is reduced are not applied for many people aged ≥65 years in primary care. Using eGFR considerably overestimates kidney function for prescribing and, therefore, creatinine clearance (Cockcroft-Gault) should be assessed when prescribing for these people. Interventions are needed to aid prescribers when kidney function is reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Wood
- Academic Unit of Primary Care, Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds
| | - Duncan Petty
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford
| | - Liz Glidewell
- Academic Unit of Primary Care, Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds
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Bostom A, Steubl D, Garimella PS, Franceschini N, Roberts MB, Pasch A, Ix JH, Tuttle KR, Ivanova A, Shireman T, Kim SJ, Gohh R, Weiner DE, Levey AS, Hsu CY, Kusek JW, Eaton CB. Serum Uromodulin: A Biomarker of Long-Term Kidney Allograft Failure. Am J Nephrol 2018; 47:275-282. [PMID: 29698955 DOI: 10.1159/000489095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uromodulin is a kidney-derived glycoprotein and putative tubular function index. Lower serum uromodulin was recently associated with increased risk for kidney allograft failure in a preliminary, longitudinal single-center -European study involving 91 kidney transplant recipients (KTRs). METHODS The Folic Acid for Vascular Outcome Reduction in Transplantation (FAVORIT) trial is a completed, large, multiethnic controlled clinical trial cohort, which studied chronic, stable KTRs. We conducted a case cohort analysis using a randomly selected subset of patients (random subcohort, n = 433), and all individuals who developed kidney allograft failure (cases, n = 226) during follow-up. Serum uromodulin was determined in this total of n = 613 FAVORIT trial participants at randomization. Death-censored kidney allograft failure was the study outcome. RESULTS The 226 kidney allograft failures occurred during a median surveillance of 3.2 years. Unadjusted, weighted Cox proportional hazards modeling revealed that lower serum uromodulin, tertile 1 vs. tertile 3, was associated with a threefold greater risk for kidney allograft failure (hazards ratio [HR], 95% CI 3.20 [2.05-5.01]). This association was attenuated but persisted at twofold greater risk for allograft failure, after adjustment for age, sex, smoking, allograft type and vintage, prevalent diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease (CVD), total/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, systolic blood pressure, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and natural log urinary albumin/creatinine: HR 2.00, 95% CI (1.06-3.77). CONCLUSIONS Lower serum uromodulin, a possible indicator of less well-preserved renal tubular function, remained associated with greater risk for kidney allograft failure, after adjustment for major, established clinical kidney allograft failure and CVD risk factors, in a large, multiethnic cohort of long-term, stable KTRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Bostom
- Center For Primary Care and Prevention, Memorial Hospital of Rhode Island, Pawtucket, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Dominik Steubl
- Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität, München, Germany
| | - Pranav S Garimella
- Division of Nephrology-Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Nora Franceschini
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mary B Roberts
- Center For Primary Care and Prevention, Memorial Hospital of Rhode Island, Pawtucket, Rhode Island, USA
| | | | - Joachim H Ix
- Division of Nephrology-Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Katherine R Tuttle
- Providence Medical Research Center, University of Washington, Spokane, Washington, USA
| | - Anastasia Ivanova
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Theresa Shireman
- Center for Gerontology and Healthcare Research, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - S Joseph Kim
- Division of Nephrology and the Kidney Transplant Program, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Reginald Gohh
- Division of Hypertension and Kidney Diseases, Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Daniel E Weiner
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andrew S Levey
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Chi-Yuan Hsu
- Division of Nephrology, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - John W Kusek
- National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive, and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Charles B Eaton
- Department of Family Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
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Loughlin AM, Qiao Q, Nunes AP, Öhman P, Ezzy S, Yochum L, Clifford CR, Gately R, Dore DD, Seeger JD. Effectiveness and tolerability of therapy with exenatide once weekly vs basal insulin among injectable-drug-naïve elderly or renal impaired patients with type 2 diabetes in the United States. Diabetes Obes Metab 2018; 20:898-909. [PMID: 29193561 PMCID: PMC5873410 DOI: 10.1111/dom.13175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the effectiveness and tolerability of exenatide once weekly (EQW) compared with basal insulin (BI) among injectable-drug-naïve patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who are elderly or have renal impairment (RI). MATERIALS AND METHODS Initiators of EQW and BI with T2DM were identified for the period 2012 to 2015 within a US electronic health record database and matched by propensity score. Matched EQW and BI initiators aged ≥65 years or who had RI were compared. Data on weight, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), blood pressure and lipids were obtained at baseline and quarterly (Q1-Q4) or semi-annually for 1 year after drug initiation. Hypoglycaemia and gastrointestinal symptoms were identified using diagnosis codes and data abstracted from clinical notes. RESULTS Among patients aged ≥65 years, HbA1c changed by -0.50 and -0.31 percentage points from baseline to Q4 for EQW and BI initiators, respectively. Weight changed by -1.6 kg among EQW initiators compared with 0.2 kg among BI initiators. Compared with BI initiators, EQW initiators had a 1.45-fold increased risk of nausea and vomiting. Among patients with RI, HbA1c changed by -0.58 and -0.33 percentage points from baseline to Q4 for EQW and BI initiators, respectively. Weight changed by -1.9 kg for EQW initiators while BI initiators had no change in weight. EQW initiators had a 1.28-fold increased risk of constipation and diarrhoea compared with BI initiators. CONCLUSION Regardless of age or renal function, the benefits of EQW relative to BI treatment are improved glycaemic control and increased weight loss, which should be weighed against the increased risk of gastrointestinal symptoms.
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Mindikoglu AL, Opekun AR, Mitch WE, Magder LS, Christenson RH, Dowling TC, Weir MR, Seliger SL, Howell CD, Raufman JP, Rana A, Goss JA, Khaderi SA, Vierling JM. Cystatin C Is a Gender-Neutral Glomerular Filtration Rate Biomarker in Patients with Cirrhosis. Dig Dis Sci 2018; 63:665-675. [PMID: 29392554 PMCID: PMC5994910 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-017-4897-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lower serum Cr levels in women as compared to men result in underestimation of renal dysfunction and lower model for end-stage liver disease-sodium scores leading to reduced access to liver transplantation in women compared to men with comparable hepatic dysfunction. AIM The aim of this study was to determine the gender differences in serum Cr, cystatin C, and other endogenous glomerular filtration rate (GFR) biomarkers, measured and estimated GFR, Cr clearance, and Cr production rates. METHODS We measured GFR by iothalamate plasma clearance in 103 patients with cirrhosis and assessed gender differences in GFR, Cr clearance and production rate, serum Cr, cystatin C and other endogenous GFR biomarkers including beta-trace protein, beta-2 microglobulin, and dimethylarginines. RESULTS Comparison of men and women showed significantly lower values for mean serum Cr (0.97 vs. 0.82 mg/dl, P = 0.023), and Cr production rate (13.37 vs. 11.02 mg/kg/day, P = 0.022). In contrast to the serum Cr and Cr production rate, men and women exhibited no significant differences in the means of serum cystatin C and other GFR biomarkers, measured GFR, GFR estimated using Cr-cystatin C GFR equation for cirrhosis, measured and estimated Cr clearances. After controlling for age, race, weight, height, and GFR, female gender remained associated with lower serum Cr levels (P = 0.003). Serum cystatin C levels were not associated with gender, age, race, weight, height, C-reactive protein, and history of hypothyroidism. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that cystatin C and endogenous GFR biomarkers other than Cr, measured GFR, GFR estimated by Cr-cystatin C GFR equation for cirrhosis, measured and estimated Cr clearance minimized between-gender biases in accounting for renal function in patients with cirrhosis. Therefore, serum cystatin C should be measured as a complementary test to serum Cr when renal function is assessed in patients with cirrhosis, particularly in women and those with sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse L Mindikoglu
- Division of Abdominal Transplantation, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, 6620 Main Street, Suite 1450, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Antone R Opekun
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - William E Mitch
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Laurence S Magder
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Robert H Christenson
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Thomas C Dowling
- College of Pharmacy, Ferris State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Matthew R Weir
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Stephen L Seliger
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Charles D Howell
- Department of Medicine, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jean-Pierre Raufman
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and VA Maryland Health Care System, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Abbas Rana
- Division of Abdominal Transplantation, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, 6620 Main Street, Suite 1450, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - John A Goss
- Division of Abdominal Transplantation, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, 6620 Main Street, Suite 1450, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Saira A Khaderi
- Division of Abdominal Transplantation, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, 6620 Main Street, Suite 1450, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - John M Vierling
- Division of Abdominal Transplantation, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, 6620 Main Street, Suite 1450, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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Zhang J, Cao J, Nie W, Shen H, Hui X. Red Cell Distribution Width Is an Independent Risk Factor of Patients with Renal Function Damage in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus of Children in China. Ann Clin Lab Sci 2018; 48:236-241. [PMID: 29678853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study is to investigate whether red cell distribution width (RDW) is associated with renal function damage in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) of children in China. METHODS We used urine albumin-creatinine ratio to define microalbuminuria (MAU). A total of 170 patients were recruited in the study including 88 patients with MAU and 82 patients without MAU. Clinical and laboratory data of two groups were compared. RESULTS The present study demonstrated that the RDW values were significantly higher in patients with MAU than those without MAU. Multivariate logistic regression indicated that RDW was an independent risk factor for renal function damage in T1DM. The receiver operating characteristic curves were used to investigate the relationship between MAU and RDW, the area under the curve was 0.75. Using the cut-off point of 12.8, RDW predicts renal function damage in T1DM patients with a sensitivity of 75.8% and a specificity of 58.2%. CONCLUSION In this study, we suggested that RDW could be used as an effective predictor of diabetic early renal function damage or diabetes-related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory, The Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiajia Cao
- Clinical Laboratory, The Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenjian Nie
- Clinical Laboratory, The Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongqiang Shen
- Clinical Laboratory, The Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xu Hui
- Clinical Laboratory, The Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Lee CT, Lee CH, Su Y, Chuang YC, Tsai TL, Cheni JB. The Relationship between Inflammatory Markers, Leptin and Adiponectin in Chronic Hemodialysis Patients. Int J Artif Organs 2018; 27:835-41. [PMID: 15560677 DOI: 10.1177/039139880402701004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is prevalent in dialysis patients. We investigated the relationship between inflammation and newly identified adipokines: leptin and adiponectin in this population. A total of 129 chronic hemodialysis patients were collected. Serum high sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), leptin and adiponectin levels were determined as well as other metabolic variables. Correlation studies and multiple regression analysis were performed among variables. Our results showed that hemodialysis patients had elevated levels of inflammatory markers, leptin and adiponectin. Diabetic subjects had higher serum CRP and lower albumin levels than non-diabetics. Serum CRP levels were positively correlated with IL-6 levels and negatively correlated with albumin levels. Serum leptin levels were directly related to CRP levels while adiponectin levels were inversely related to CRP levels. A significant negative correlation was observed between serum leptin and adiponectin levels. Serum IL-6 levels were the single independent factor affecting CRP levels. Body mass index can predict both serum leptin and adiponectin levels. We conclude that hemodialysis patients are at an increased risk of chronic inflammation and diabetes patients are even more susceptible to this status. Both serum leptin and adiponectin levels are associated with inflammatory markers. As adipose tissue is the major secreting site of these adipokines, our results suggest that adipose tissue plays an important role in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammation in dialysis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- C-T Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital - Taiwan.
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Mohammedi K, Chalmers J, Herrington W, Li Q, Mancia G, Marre M, Poulter N, Rodgers A, Williams B, Perkovic V, Coresh J, Woodward M. Associations between body mass index and the risk of renal events in patients with type 2 diabetes. Nutr Diabetes 2018; 8:7. [PMID: 29343817 PMCID: PMC5851426 DOI: 10.1038/s41387-017-0012-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES We aimed to evaluate the relationship between BMI and the risk of renal disease in patients with type 2 diabetes in the Action in Diabetes and Vascular Disease: PreterAx and DiamicroN Modified-Release Controlled Evaluation (ADVANCE) study. SUBJECTS/METHODS Participants were divided into six baseline BMI categories: <18.5 (underweight, n = 58); ≥18.5 to <25 (normal, n = 2894); ≥25 to <30 (overweight, n = 4340); ≥30 to <35 (obesity grade 1, n = 2265); ≥35 to <40 (obesity grade 2, n = 744); and ≥40 kg/m2 (obesity grade 3, n = 294); those underweight were excluded. The composite outcome "major renal event" was defined as development of new macroalbuminuria, doubling of creatinine, end stage renal disease, or renal death. These outcomes and development of new microalbuminuria were considered individually as secondary endpoints. RESULTS During 5-years of follow-up, major renal events occurred in 487 (4.6%) patients. The risk increased with higher BMI. Multivariable-adjusted HRs (95% CIs), compared to normal weight, were: 0.91 (0.72-1.15) for overweight; 1.03 (0.77-1.37) for obesity grade 1; 1.42 (0.98-2.07) for grade 2; and 2.16 (1.34-3.48) for grade 3 (p for trend = 0.006). These findings were similar across subgroups by randomised interventions (intensive versus standard glucose control and perindopril-indapamide versus placebo). Every additional unit of BMI over 25 kg/m2 increased the risk of major renal events by 4 (1-6)%. Comparable results were observed with the risk of secondary endpoints. CONCLUSIONS Higher BMI is an independent predictor of major renal events in patients with type 2 diabetes. Our findings encourage weight loss to improve nephroprotection in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamel Mohammedi
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- INSERM, UMRS 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Department of Diabetology, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat Hospital, DHU FIRE, Paris, France
| | - John Chalmers
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
| | - William Herrington
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Qiang Li
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Giuseppe Mancia
- The University of Milan-Bicocca and Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Michel Marre
- INSERM, UMRS 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Department of Diabetology, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat Hospital, DHU FIRE, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, UFR de Médecine, University Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Neil Poulter
- The International Centre for Circulatory Health, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Anthony Rodgers
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Bryan Williams
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University College London (UCL) and NIHR UCL Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Vlado Perkovic
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Josef Coresh
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mark Woodward
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Teatini U, Ballerini L, Romei Longhena G, Savino R, Maltagliati L, Masi F, Colombo R, Cimino R, Manfredi A. Microcirculation as a Novel Marker of Membrane Biocompatibility. Int J Artif Organs 2018; 29:1117-20. [PMID: 17219351 DOI: 10.1177/039139880602901204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background It is possible to consider microcirculation as a kind of “witness” of the complex biological reactions triggered by the dialytic treatment. The reactivity of microcirculation to the dialytic stress may represent a measure of the overall biocompatibility of the membrane. In this study we tested the hypothesis that different synthetic membranes may have different biological effects, particularly related to microcirculation. Subjects and Methods In this crossover study, we observed 16 chronically hemodialyzed patients. All patients were treated with the EVAL membrane; we recorded the TcPO2 during the second treatment of the week. All patients were then switched to the hf-PS membrane. During the study observation we did not change the dialytic prescription or the pharmacologic treatment. Results From the beginning of the session until 90', the behavior of TcPO2 is similar for both the membranes. From 120' to the end of the treatment in sessions with the EVAL membrane, the TcPO2 values come back to the starting level, whereas in the treatments with hf-PS the TcPO2, the values remain at a lower level; there was a significant difference between EVAL and hf-PS in the values recorded. Arterial blood gas values of paO2 and paCO2 are quite similar in the treatments with both the membranes, without any significant difference. Conclusions The analysis of microcirculation by means of TcPO2 measurement is a useful tool to obtain a “clinical” measure of biocompatibility of the dialytic treatment and different membranes may have different impacts on TcPO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Teatini
- Renal Unit, Bollate Hospital, Bollate, Milan, Italy.
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Li J, Guo QJ, Cai JZ, Pan C, Shen ZY, Jiang WT. Simultaneous liver, pancreas-duodenum and kidney transplantation in a patient with hepatitis B cirrhosis, uremia and insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:8104-8108. [PMID: 29259387 PMCID: PMC5725306 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i45.8104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 08/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simultaneous liver, pancreas-duodenum, and kidney transplantation has been rarely reported in the literature. Here we present a new and more efficient en bloc technique that combines classic orthotopic liver and pancreas-duodenum transplantation and heterotopic kidney transplantation for a male patient aged 44 years who had hepatitis B related cirrhosis, renal failure, and insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). A quadruple immunosuppressive regimen including induction with basiliximab and maintenance therapy with tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil, and steroids was used in the early stage post-transplant. Postoperative recovery was uneventful and the patient was discharged on the 15th postoperative day with normal liver and kidney function. The insulin treatment was completely withdrawn 3 wk after operation, and the blood glucose level remained normal. The case findings support that abdominal organ cluster and kidney transplantation is an effective method for the treatment of end-stage liver disease combined with uremia and IDDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Li
- Department of Liver Transplant, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Qing-Jun Guo
- Department of Liver Transplant, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Jin-Zhen Cai
- Department of Liver Transplant, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Cheng Pan
- Department of Liver Transplant, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Zhong-Yang Shen
- Department of Liver Transplant, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Wen-Tao Jiang
- Department of Liver Transplant, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300192, China
- Department of Transplant Surgery, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300192, China
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Andruchow JE, Kavsak PA, McRae AD. Contemporary Emergency Department Management of Patients with Chest Pain: A Concise Review and Guide for the High-Sensitivity Troponin Era. Can J Cardiol 2017; 34:98-108. [PMID: 29407013 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2017.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This article synthesizes current best evidence for the evaluation of patients with suspected acute coronary syndrome (ACS) using high-sensitivity troponin assays, enabling physicians to effectively incorporate them into practice. Unlike conventional assays, high-sensitivity assays can precisely measure blood cardiac troponin concentrations in the vast majority of healthy individuals, facilitating the creation of rapid diagnostic algorithms. Very low troponin concentrations on presentation accurately rule out acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and enable the discharge of approximately 20% of patients after a single test, whereas an additional 30%-40% of patients can be safely discharged after short-interval serial sampling in as little as 1 or 2 hours. In contrast, highly abnormal troponin concentrations on presentation (more than 5 times the upper reference limit) or rapidly rising levels on serial testing can rapidly rule in AMI with high specificity. However, approximately one-third of patients remain in a biomarker-indeterminate "observation zone" even after serial sampling. These patients pose a disposition challenge to clinicians because although the differential diagnosis of elevated troponin concentrations is broad, these patients have an increased risk for short-term major adverse cardiac events. Use of repeated serial troponin sampling and structured clinical prediction tools may assist disposition for these patients, because no validated pathways currently exist to guide clinicians. Ongoing research to tailor diagnostic thresholds to individual patient characteristics may enable improved diagnostic accuracy and usher in a new era of personalized medicine in the evaluation of suspected ACS.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E Andruchow
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Peter A Kavsak
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew D McRae
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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