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D'Angelo DV, Liu Y, Basile KC, Smith SG, Chen J, Friar NW, Stevens M. Rape and Sexual Coercion Related Pregnancy in the United States. Am J Prev Med 2024; 66:389-398. [PMID: 37935321 PMCID: PMC10951889 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2023.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sexual violence is a major public health problem in the U.S. that is associated with numerous health impacts, including pregnancy. U.S. population-based estimates (2010-2012) found that three million women experienced a rape-related pregnancy during their lifetimes. The current study presents more recent estimates of rape and sexual coercion-related pregnancy and examines prevalence by demographic characteristics. METHODS Data years 2016/2017 were pooled from the National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey, a random-digit-dial telephone survey of U.S. non-institutionalized adults 18 years and older. The analysis, conducted in 2023, examined lifetime experience of rape-related pregnancy, sexual coercion-related pregnancy, or both among U.S. women. Authors calculated prevalence estimates with 95% CIs and conducted pairwise chi-square tests (p-value<0.05) to describe experiences by current age, race/ethnicity, and region of residence among U.S. women overall and among victims. RESULTS One in 20 women in the U.S., or over 5.9 million women, experienced a pregnancy from either rape, sexual coercion, or both during their lifetimes. Non-Hispanic Multiracial women experienced a higher prevalence of all three outcomes compared with non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, and Hispanic women. Among victims who experienced pregnancy from rape, 28% experienced a sexually transmitted disease, 66% were injured, and over 80% were fearful or concerned for their safety. CONCLUSIONS Pregnancy as a consequence of rape or sexual coercion is experienced by an estimated six million U.S. women. Prevention efforts may include healthcare screenings to identify violence exposure and use of evidence-based prevention approaches to reduce sexual violence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise V D'Angelo
- Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
| | - Yang Liu
- Division of Injury Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Kathleen C Basile
- Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Sharon G Smith
- Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jieru Chen
- Division of Injury Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Norah W Friar
- Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Mark Stevens
- Division of Injury Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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Backer HD, Derlet RW, Hill VR. Wilderness Medical Society Clinical Practice Guidelines on Water Treatment for Wilderness, International Travel, and Austere Situations: 2024 Update. Wilderness Environ Med 2024; 35:45S-66S. [PMID: 38379474 PMCID: PMC10961906 DOI: 10.1177/10806032231218722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
To provide guidance to medical providers, wilderness users, and travelers, the Wilderness Medical Society convened an expert panel to develop evidence-based guidelines for treating water in situations where the potability of available water is not assured, including wilderness and international travel, areas impacted by disaster, and other areas without adequate sanitation. The guidelines present the available methods for reducing or eliminating microbiological contamination of water for individuals, groups, or households; evaluation of their effectiveness; and practical considerations. The evidence base includes both laboratory and clinical publications. The panel graded the recommendations based on the quality of supporting evidence and the balance between benefits and risks/burdens according to the criteria published by the American College of Chest Physicians.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert W. Derlet
- Emergency Department, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA
| | - Vincent R. Hill
- Waterborne Disease Prevention Branch, Division of Foodborne, Waterborne and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
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Scott KA, Elliott KC, Lincoln J, Flynn MA, Hill R, Hall DM. Rural health and rural industries: Opportunities for partnership and action. J Rural Health 2024; 40:401-405. [PMID: 37669228 PMCID: PMC10912364 DOI: 10.1111/jrh.12791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth A. Scott
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - K. C. Elliott
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Anchorage, Alaska, USA
| | - Jennifer Lincoln
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Michael A. Flynn
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Ryan Hill
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Spokane, Washington, USA
| | - Diane M. Hall
- Office of Rural Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Lee N, Self-Brown SR, Bachman G, Howard AL, Gilbert LK, Hegle J, Perry EW, Saul J, Behl I, Massetti GM. Orphanhood vulnerabilities for violence and HIV by education, sex, and orphan type among 18-24-year-old youth: findings from the 2018 Lesotho violence against children and youth survey. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2024; 29:655-669. [PMID: 37434351 PMCID: PMC10782587 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2023.2235280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
HIV and violence among orphans are key measures of vulnerability in low-resource settings. Although Lesotho has the second highest HIV adult prevalence rate (21.1%) in the world, and the prevalence of orphanhood (44.2%) and violence exposure (67.0%) is high, little research exist on orphanhood vulnerabilities for violence and HIV in Lesotho. Using data from 4,408 youth (18-24 years old) from Lesotho's 2018 Violence Against Children and Youth survey, a nationally representative cross-sectional household survey, the study examined associations among orphan status, violence, and HIV and assessed how associations differed by education, sex, and orphan type, using logistic regression. Orphans had higher odds of violence (aOR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.01-1.46) and HIV (aOR, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.24-2.29). Having primary education or less (aOR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.02-2.02), male sex (aOR, 1.74; 95% CI, 1.27-2.36), and being a paternal orphan (aOR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.14-1.80) were significant interaction terms for violence. Orphans who completed primary school or less (aOR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.09-2.39), female (aOR, 3.08; 95% CI, 2.14-4.42) and double orphans (aOR, 2.54; 95% CI, 1.56-4.13) had higher odds of HIV. These relationships highlight the importance of comprehensive strategies to support education and family strengthening for orphans as core violence and HIV prevention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- NaeHyung Lee
- Department of Health Policy & Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Copial Business Strategists LLC, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Office of Strategy and Innovation, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Shannon R. Self-Brown
- Department of Health Policy & Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Gretchen Bachman
- Office of Global HIV/AIDS, US Agency for International Development, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ashleigh L. Howard
- Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Leah K. Gilbert
- Office of Safety, Security, and Asset Management, Office of the Chief Operating Officer, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jennifer Hegle
- Division of Global HIV and TB, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Elizabeth W. Perry
- Department of Health Policy & Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Janet Saul
- Office of the Global AIDS Coordinator and Health Diplomacy, US Department of State, Washington, DC, USA
| | - India Behl
- School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Greta M. Massetti
- Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Weng X, Woodruff RC, Park S, Thompson-Paul AM, He S, Hayes D, Kuklina EV, Therrien NL, Jackson SL. Hypertension Prevalence and Control Among U.S. Women of Reproductive Age. Am J Prev Med 2024; 66:492-502. [PMID: 37884175 PMCID: PMC10922595 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2023.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hypertension is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, a leading cause of death among women of reproductive age (women aged 18-44 years). This study estimated hypertension prevalence and control among women of reproductive age at the national and state levels using electronic health record data. METHODS Nonpregnant women of reproductive age were included in this cross-sectional study using 2019 IQVIA Ambulatory Electronic Medical Records - U.S. national data (analyzed in 2023). Suspected hypertension was identified using any of these criteria: ≥1 hypertension diagnosis code, ≥2 blood pressure readings ≥140/90 mmHg on separate days, or ≥1 antihypertensive medication. Among women of reproductive age with hypertension, the latest blood pressure in 2019 was used to identify hypertension control (blood pressure <140/90 mmHg). Estimates were age standardized and stratified by race or Hispanic ethnicity, region, and states with sufficient data. Tukey tests compared estimates by race or Hispanic ethnicity, region, and comorbidities. RESULTS Among 2,125,084 women of reproductive age (62.1% White, 8.8% Black, and 29.1% other [including Hispanic, Asian, other, or unknown]) with a mean age of 31.7 years, hypertension prevalence was 14.5%. Of those with hypertension, 71.9% had controlled blood pressure. Black women of reproductive age had a higher hypertension prevalence (22.3% vs 14.4%, p<0.05) but lower control (60.6% vs 74.0%, p<0.05) than White women of reproductive age. State-level hypertension prevalence ranged from 13.7% (Massachusetts) to 36% (Alabama), and control ranged from 82.9% (Kansas) to 59.2% (the District of Columbia). CONCLUSIONS This study provides the first state-level estimates of hypertension control among women of reproductive age. Electronic health record data complements traditional hypertension surveillance data and provides further information for efforts to prevent and manage hypertension among women of reproductive age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingran Weng
- Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
| | - Rebecca C Woodruff
- Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Soyoun Park
- Division of Injury Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Angela M Thompson-Paul
- Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; United States Public Health Service, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Siran He
- Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Donald Hayes
- Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Elena V Kuklina
- Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Nicole L Therrien
- Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Sandra L Jackson
- Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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Lee JS, Han S, Therrien NL, Park C, Luo F, Essien UR. Trends in Drug Spending of Oral Anticoagulants for Atrial Fibrillation, 2014-2021. Am J Prev Med 2024; 66:463-472. [PMID: 37866490 PMCID: PMC10922581 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2023.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study documents cost trends in oral anticoagulants (OAC) in patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation. METHODS Using MarketScan databases, the mean annual patients' out-of-pocket costs, insurance payments, and the proportion of patients initiating OAC within 90 days from atrial fibrillation diagnosis were calculated from July 2014 to June 2021. Costs of OACs (apixaban, dabigatran, edoxaban, rivaroxaban, and warfarin) and the payments by three insurance types (commercial payers, Medicare, and Medicaid) were calculated. Patients' out-of-pocket costs and insurance payments were adjusted to 2021 prices. Joinpoint regression models were used to test trends of outcomes and average annual percent changes (AAPC) were reported. Data analyses were performed in 2022-2023. RESULTS From July 2014 to June 2021, the mean annual out-of-pocket costs of any OAC increased for commercial insurance (AAPC 3.0%) and Medicare (AAPC 5.1%) but decreased for Medicaid (AAPC -3.3%). The mean annual insurance payments for any OAC significantly increased for all insurance groups (AAPC 13.1% [95% CI 11.3-15.0] for Medicare; AAPC 11.8% [95% CI 8.0-15.6] for commercial insurance; and AAPC 16.3% [95% CI 11.3-21.4] for Medicaid). The initiation of any OAC increased (AAPC 7.3% for commercial insurance; AAPC 10.2% for Medicare; AAPC 5.3% for Medicaid). CONCLUSIONS There was a substantial increase in the overall cost burden of OACs and OAC initiation rates in patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation in 2014-2021; these findings provide insights into the current and anticipated impact of rising drug prices on patients' and payers' financial burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Soo Lee
- Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
| | - Sola Han
- Health Outcomes Division, The University of Texas at Austin College of Pharmacy, Austin, Texas
| | - Nicole L Therrien
- Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Chanhyun Park
- Health Outcomes Division, The University of Texas at Austin College of Pharmacy, Austin, Texas
| | - Feijun Luo
- Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Utibe R Essien
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, California; Center for the Study of Healthcare Innovation, Implementation & Policy, Greater Los Angeles VA Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California
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Layne LA, Siordia C. Hired crop worker injury risks on farms in the United States during three different periods between 2002 and 2015. Am J Ind Med 2024; 67:224-242. [PMID: 38270234 PMCID: PMC10961608 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.23565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hired crop workers have high incidence of work-related injuries, but little has been documented about potential risks at the national level. METHODS Data were obtained from a national probability sample of hired crop workers in the United States (U.S.) during 2002-2004 (period I), 2008-2010 (period II), and 2014-2015 (period III). Multivariable logistic regression models of work-related injury were constructed using an occupational exposure adjustment for weeks worked in the previous year. RESULTS Hired crop workers reporting that their employer did not provide clean drinking water and disposable cups every day were estimated to be at greater odds of injury during all three periods. Having at least some English-speaking ability was associated with increased odds of injury in two periods, while owning a dwelling in the U.S. showed greater injury risk during period II but was associated with lower risk during period III. Other items significantly associated with injury during at least one of the study periods in the final multivariable logistic models included being a direct-hire, a migrant worker, U.S.-born, receiving public aid, and having a health condition. CONCLUSIONS Hired crop workers are an extremely marginalized population of workers in the U.S. Innovative intervention methods must extend beyond traditional occupational models to focus on the overall health of hired crop workers, including increasing healthcare access, ending agricultural exceptionalism to provide equal regulatory protections afforded to workers in other industries, and adequate enforcement of existing regulations. These findings contribute to the understanding of correlates related to increased work-related injury among hired crop workers, and have implications in fields of prevention, intervention, and policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larry A. Layne
- Division of Safety Research, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Carlos Siordia
- National Center for Injury Prevention and Control (NCIPC), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Office of Program Management and Operations, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Daugherty J, Peterson A, Waltzman D, Breiding M, Chen J, Xu L, DePadilla L, Corrigan JD. Rationale for the Development of a Traumatic Brain Injury Case Definition for the Pilot National Concussion Surveillance System. J Head Trauma Rehabil 2024; 39:115-120. [PMID: 38039498 DOI: 10.1097/htr.0000000000000900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current methods of traumatic brain injury (TBI) morbidity surveillance in the United States have primarily relied on hospital-based data sets. However, these methods undercount TBIs as they do not include TBIs seen in outpatient settings and those that are untreated and undiagnosed. A 2014 National Academy of Science Engineering and Medicine report recommended that the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) establish and manage a national surveillance system to better describe the burden of sports- and recreation-related TBI, including concussion, among youth. Given the limitations of TBI surveillance in general, CDC took this recommendation as a call to action to formulate and implement a robust pilot National Concussion Surveillance System that could estimate the public health burden of concussion and TBI among Americans from all causes of brain injury. Because of the constraints of identifying TBI in clinical settings, an alternative surveillance approach is to collect TBI data via a self-report survey. Before such a survey was piloted, it was necessary for CDC to develop a case definition for self-reported TBI. OBJECTIVE This article outlines the rationale and process the CDC used to develop a tiered case definition for self-reported TBI to be used for surveillance purposes. CONCLUSION A tiered TBI case definition is proposed with tiers based on the type of sign/symptom(s) reported the number of symptoms reported, and the timing of symptom onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill Daugherty
- Author Affiliations: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Division of Injury Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia (Drs Daugherty, Peterson, Waltzman, Breiding, Chen, Xu, and DePadilla); and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, The Ohio State University, Columbus (Dr Corrigan)
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Kraus EM, Saintus L, Martinez AK, Brand B, Begley E, Merritt RK, Hamilton A, Rubin R, Sullivan A, Karras BT, Grannis S, Brooks IM, Mui JY, Carton TW, Hohman KH, Klompas M, Dixon BE. Fostering Governance and Information Partnerships for Chronic Disease Surveillance: The Multi-State EHR-Based Network for Disease Surveillance. J Public Health Manag Pract 2024; 30:244-254. [PMID: 38271106 PMCID: PMC10811406 DOI: 10.1097/phh.0000000000001810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT Electronic health records (EHRs) are an emerging chronic disease surveillance data source and facilitating this data sharing is complex. PROGRAM Using the experience of the Multi-State EHR-Based Network for Disease Surveillance (MENDS), this article describes implementation of a governance framework that aligns technical, statutory, and organizational requirements to facilitate EHR data sharing for chronic disease surveillance. IMPLEMENTATION MENDS governance was cocreated with data contributors and health departments representing Texas, New Orleans, Louisiana, Chicago, Washington, and Indiana through engagement from 2020 to 2022. MENDS convened a governance body, executed data-sharing agreements, and developed a master governance document to codify policies and procedures. RESULTS The MENDS governance committee meets regularly to develop policies and procedures on data use and access, timeliness and quality, validation, representativeness, analytics, security, small cell suppression, software implementation and maintenance, and privacy. Resultant policies are codified in a master governance document. DISCUSSION The MENDS governance approach resulted in a transparent governance framework that cultivates trust across the network. MENDS's experience highlights the time and resources needed by EHR-based public health surveillance networks to establish effective governance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily McCormick Kraus
- The Task Force for Global Health, Public Health Informatics Institute, Decatur, Georgia (Dr Kraus, Ms Saintus, and Mr Brand); Kraushold Consulting, Denver, Colorado (Dr Kraus); National Association of Chronic Disease Directors, Decatur, Georgia (Ms Martinez and Dr Hohman); Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia (Ms Begley and Mr Merritt); AllianceChicago, Chicago, Illinois (Mr Hamilton); OneHealthPort, Seattle, Washington (Mr Rubin); Washington State Department of Health, Tumwater, Washington (Drs Sullivan and Karras); Center for Biomedical Informatics, Regenstrief Institute, Indianapolis, Indiana (Drs Grannis and Dixon); Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana (Dr Grannis); Health Data Compass, University of Colorado Anschutz, Aurora, Colorado (Dr Brooks and Ms Mui); Louisiana Public Health Institute, New Orleans, Louisiana (Dr Carton); Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts (Dr Klompas); and Indiana University Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indianapolis, Indiana (Dr Dixon)
| | - Lina Saintus
- The Task Force for Global Health, Public Health Informatics Institute, Decatur, Georgia (Dr Kraus, Ms Saintus, and Mr Brand); Kraushold Consulting, Denver, Colorado (Dr Kraus); National Association of Chronic Disease Directors, Decatur, Georgia (Ms Martinez and Dr Hohman); Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia (Ms Begley and Mr Merritt); AllianceChicago, Chicago, Illinois (Mr Hamilton); OneHealthPort, Seattle, Washington (Mr Rubin); Washington State Department of Health, Tumwater, Washington (Drs Sullivan and Karras); Center for Biomedical Informatics, Regenstrief Institute, Indianapolis, Indiana (Drs Grannis and Dixon); Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana (Dr Grannis); Health Data Compass, University of Colorado Anschutz, Aurora, Colorado (Dr Brooks and Ms Mui); Louisiana Public Health Institute, New Orleans, Louisiana (Dr Carton); Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts (Dr Klompas); and Indiana University Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indianapolis, Indiana (Dr Dixon)
| | - Amanda K. Martinez
- The Task Force for Global Health, Public Health Informatics Institute, Decatur, Georgia (Dr Kraus, Ms Saintus, and Mr Brand); Kraushold Consulting, Denver, Colorado (Dr Kraus); National Association of Chronic Disease Directors, Decatur, Georgia (Ms Martinez and Dr Hohman); Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia (Ms Begley and Mr Merritt); AllianceChicago, Chicago, Illinois (Mr Hamilton); OneHealthPort, Seattle, Washington (Mr Rubin); Washington State Department of Health, Tumwater, Washington (Drs Sullivan and Karras); Center for Biomedical Informatics, Regenstrief Institute, Indianapolis, Indiana (Drs Grannis and Dixon); Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana (Dr Grannis); Health Data Compass, University of Colorado Anschutz, Aurora, Colorado (Dr Brooks and Ms Mui); Louisiana Public Health Institute, New Orleans, Louisiana (Dr Carton); Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts (Dr Klompas); and Indiana University Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indianapolis, Indiana (Dr Dixon)
| | - Bill Brand
- The Task Force for Global Health, Public Health Informatics Institute, Decatur, Georgia (Dr Kraus, Ms Saintus, and Mr Brand); Kraushold Consulting, Denver, Colorado (Dr Kraus); National Association of Chronic Disease Directors, Decatur, Georgia (Ms Martinez and Dr Hohman); Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia (Ms Begley and Mr Merritt); AllianceChicago, Chicago, Illinois (Mr Hamilton); OneHealthPort, Seattle, Washington (Mr Rubin); Washington State Department of Health, Tumwater, Washington (Drs Sullivan and Karras); Center for Biomedical Informatics, Regenstrief Institute, Indianapolis, Indiana (Drs Grannis and Dixon); Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana (Dr Grannis); Health Data Compass, University of Colorado Anschutz, Aurora, Colorado (Dr Brooks and Ms Mui); Louisiana Public Health Institute, New Orleans, Louisiana (Dr Carton); Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts (Dr Klompas); and Indiana University Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indianapolis, Indiana (Dr Dixon)
| | - Elin Begley
- The Task Force for Global Health, Public Health Informatics Institute, Decatur, Georgia (Dr Kraus, Ms Saintus, and Mr Brand); Kraushold Consulting, Denver, Colorado (Dr Kraus); National Association of Chronic Disease Directors, Decatur, Georgia (Ms Martinez and Dr Hohman); Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia (Ms Begley and Mr Merritt); AllianceChicago, Chicago, Illinois (Mr Hamilton); OneHealthPort, Seattle, Washington (Mr Rubin); Washington State Department of Health, Tumwater, Washington (Drs Sullivan and Karras); Center for Biomedical Informatics, Regenstrief Institute, Indianapolis, Indiana (Drs Grannis and Dixon); Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana (Dr Grannis); Health Data Compass, University of Colorado Anschutz, Aurora, Colorado (Dr Brooks and Ms Mui); Louisiana Public Health Institute, New Orleans, Louisiana (Dr Carton); Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts (Dr Klompas); and Indiana University Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indianapolis, Indiana (Dr Dixon)
| | - Robert K. Merritt
- The Task Force for Global Health, Public Health Informatics Institute, Decatur, Georgia (Dr Kraus, Ms Saintus, and Mr Brand); Kraushold Consulting, Denver, Colorado (Dr Kraus); National Association of Chronic Disease Directors, Decatur, Georgia (Ms Martinez and Dr Hohman); Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia (Ms Begley and Mr Merritt); AllianceChicago, Chicago, Illinois (Mr Hamilton); OneHealthPort, Seattle, Washington (Mr Rubin); Washington State Department of Health, Tumwater, Washington (Drs Sullivan and Karras); Center for Biomedical Informatics, Regenstrief Institute, Indianapolis, Indiana (Drs Grannis and Dixon); Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana (Dr Grannis); Health Data Compass, University of Colorado Anschutz, Aurora, Colorado (Dr Brooks and Ms Mui); Louisiana Public Health Institute, New Orleans, Louisiana (Dr Carton); Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts (Dr Klompas); and Indiana University Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indianapolis, Indiana (Dr Dixon)
| | - Andrew Hamilton
- The Task Force for Global Health, Public Health Informatics Institute, Decatur, Georgia (Dr Kraus, Ms Saintus, and Mr Brand); Kraushold Consulting, Denver, Colorado (Dr Kraus); National Association of Chronic Disease Directors, Decatur, Georgia (Ms Martinez and Dr Hohman); Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia (Ms Begley and Mr Merritt); AllianceChicago, Chicago, Illinois (Mr Hamilton); OneHealthPort, Seattle, Washington (Mr Rubin); Washington State Department of Health, Tumwater, Washington (Drs Sullivan and Karras); Center for Biomedical Informatics, Regenstrief Institute, Indianapolis, Indiana (Drs Grannis and Dixon); Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana (Dr Grannis); Health Data Compass, University of Colorado Anschutz, Aurora, Colorado (Dr Brooks and Ms Mui); Louisiana Public Health Institute, New Orleans, Louisiana (Dr Carton); Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts (Dr Klompas); and Indiana University Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indianapolis, Indiana (Dr Dixon)
| | - Rick Rubin
- The Task Force for Global Health, Public Health Informatics Institute, Decatur, Georgia (Dr Kraus, Ms Saintus, and Mr Brand); Kraushold Consulting, Denver, Colorado (Dr Kraus); National Association of Chronic Disease Directors, Decatur, Georgia (Ms Martinez and Dr Hohman); Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia (Ms Begley and Mr Merritt); AllianceChicago, Chicago, Illinois (Mr Hamilton); OneHealthPort, Seattle, Washington (Mr Rubin); Washington State Department of Health, Tumwater, Washington (Drs Sullivan and Karras); Center for Biomedical Informatics, Regenstrief Institute, Indianapolis, Indiana (Drs Grannis and Dixon); Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana (Dr Grannis); Health Data Compass, University of Colorado Anschutz, Aurora, Colorado (Dr Brooks and Ms Mui); Louisiana Public Health Institute, New Orleans, Louisiana (Dr Carton); Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts (Dr Klompas); and Indiana University Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indianapolis, Indiana (Dr Dixon)
| | - Amy Sullivan
- The Task Force for Global Health, Public Health Informatics Institute, Decatur, Georgia (Dr Kraus, Ms Saintus, and Mr Brand); Kraushold Consulting, Denver, Colorado (Dr Kraus); National Association of Chronic Disease Directors, Decatur, Georgia (Ms Martinez and Dr Hohman); Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia (Ms Begley and Mr Merritt); AllianceChicago, Chicago, Illinois (Mr Hamilton); OneHealthPort, Seattle, Washington (Mr Rubin); Washington State Department of Health, Tumwater, Washington (Drs Sullivan and Karras); Center for Biomedical Informatics, Regenstrief Institute, Indianapolis, Indiana (Drs Grannis and Dixon); Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana (Dr Grannis); Health Data Compass, University of Colorado Anschutz, Aurora, Colorado (Dr Brooks and Ms Mui); Louisiana Public Health Institute, New Orleans, Louisiana (Dr Carton); Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts (Dr Klompas); and Indiana University Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indianapolis, Indiana (Dr Dixon)
| | - Bryant Thomas Karras
- The Task Force for Global Health, Public Health Informatics Institute, Decatur, Georgia (Dr Kraus, Ms Saintus, and Mr Brand); Kraushold Consulting, Denver, Colorado (Dr Kraus); National Association of Chronic Disease Directors, Decatur, Georgia (Ms Martinez and Dr Hohman); Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia (Ms Begley and Mr Merritt); AllianceChicago, Chicago, Illinois (Mr Hamilton); OneHealthPort, Seattle, Washington (Mr Rubin); Washington State Department of Health, Tumwater, Washington (Drs Sullivan and Karras); Center for Biomedical Informatics, Regenstrief Institute, Indianapolis, Indiana (Drs Grannis and Dixon); Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana (Dr Grannis); Health Data Compass, University of Colorado Anschutz, Aurora, Colorado (Dr Brooks and Ms Mui); Louisiana Public Health Institute, New Orleans, Louisiana (Dr Carton); Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts (Dr Klompas); and Indiana University Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indianapolis, Indiana (Dr Dixon)
| | - Shaun Grannis
- The Task Force for Global Health, Public Health Informatics Institute, Decatur, Georgia (Dr Kraus, Ms Saintus, and Mr Brand); Kraushold Consulting, Denver, Colorado (Dr Kraus); National Association of Chronic Disease Directors, Decatur, Georgia (Ms Martinez and Dr Hohman); Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia (Ms Begley and Mr Merritt); AllianceChicago, Chicago, Illinois (Mr Hamilton); OneHealthPort, Seattle, Washington (Mr Rubin); Washington State Department of Health, Tumwater, Washington (Drs Sullivan and Karras); Center for Biomedical Informatics, Regenstrief Institute, Indianapolis, Indiana (Drs Grannis and Dixon); Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana (Dr Grannis); Health Data Compass, University of Colorado Anschutz, Aurora, Colorado (Dr Brooks and Ms Mui); Louisiana Public Health Institute, New Orleans, Louisiana (Dr Carton); Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts (Dr Klompas); and Indiana University Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indianapolis, Indiana (Dr Dixon)
| | - Ian M. Brooks
- The Task Force for Global Health, Public Health Informatics Institute, Decatur, Georgia (Dr Kraus, Ms Saintus, and Mr Brand); Kraushold Consulting, Denver, Colorado (Dr Kraus); National Association of Chronic Disease Directors, Decatur, Georgia (Ms Martinez and Dr Hohman); Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia (Ms Begley and Mr Merritt); AllianceChicago, Chicago, Illinois (Mr Hamilton); OneHealthPort, Seattle, Washington (Mr Rubin); Washington State Department of Health, Tumwater, Washington (Drs Sullivan and Karras); Center for Biomedical Informatics, Regenstrief Institute, Indianapolis, Indiana (Drs Grannis and Dixon); Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana (Dr Grannis); Health Data Compass, University of Colorado Anschutz, Aurora, Colorado (Dr Brooks and Ms Mui); Louisiana Public Health Institute, New Orleans, Louisiana (Dr Carton); Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts (Dr Klompas); and Indiana University Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indianapolis, Indiana (Dr Dixon)
| | - Joyce Y. Mui
- The Task Force for Global Health, Public Health Informatics Institute, Decatur, Georgia (Dr Kraus, Ms Saintus, and Mr Brand); Kraushold Consulting, Denver, Colorado (Dr Kraus); National Association of Chronic Disease Directors, Decatur, Georgia (Ms Martinez and Dr Hohman); Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia (Ms Begley and Mr Merritt); AllianceChicago, Chicago, Illinois (Mr Hamilton); OneHealthPort, Seattle, Washington (Mr Rubin); Washington State Department of Health, Tumwater, Washington (Drs Sullivan and Karras); Center for Biomedical Informatics, Regenstrief Institute, Indianapolis, Indiana (Drs Grannis and Dixon); Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana (Dr Grannis); Health Data Compass, University of Colorado Anschutz, Aurora, Colorado (Dr Brooks and Ms Mui); Louisiana Public Health Institute, New Orleans, Louisiana (Dr Carton); Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts (Dr Klompas); and Indiana University Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indianapolis, Indiana (Dr Dixon)
| | - Thomas W. Carton
- The Task Force for Global Health, Public Health Informatics Institute, Decatur, Georgia (Dr Kraus, Ms Saintus, and Mr Brand); Kraushold Consulting, Denver, Colorado (Dr Kraus); National Association of Chronic Disease Directors, Decatur, Georgia (Ms Martinez and Dr Hohman); Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia (Ms Begley and Mr Merritt); AllianceChicago, Chicago, Illinois (Mr Hamilton); OneHealthPort, Seattle, Washington (Mr Rubin); Washington State Department of Health, Tumwater, Washington (Drs Sullivan and Karras); Center for Biomedical Informatics, Regenstrief Institute, Indianapolis, Indiana (Drs Grannis and Dixon); Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana (Dr Grannis); Health Data Compass, University of Colorado Anschutz, Aurora, Colorado (Dr Brooks and Ms Mui); Louisiana Public Health Institute, New Orleans, Louisiana (Dr Carton); Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts (Dr Klompas); and Indiana University Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indianapolis, Indiana (Dr Dixon)
| | - Katherine H. Hohman
- The Task Force for Global Health, Public Health Informatics Institute, Decatur, Georgia (Dr Kraus, Ms Saintus, and Mr Brand); Kraushold Consulting, Denver, Colorado (Dr Kraus); National Association of Chronic Disease Directors, Decatur, Georgia (Ms Martinez and Dr Hohman); Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia (Ms Begley and Mr Merritt); AllianceChicago, Chicago, Illinois (Mr Hamilton); OneHealthPort, Seattle, Washington (Mr Rubin); Washington State Department of Health, Tumwater, Washington (Drs Sullivan and Karras); Center for Biomedical Informatics, Regenstrief Institute, Indianapolis, Indiana (Drs Grannis and Dixon); Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana (Dr Grannis); Health Data Compass, University of Colorado Anschutz, Aurora, Colorado (Dr Brooks and Ms Mui); Louisiana Public Health Institute, New Orleans, Louisiana (Dr Carton); Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts (Dr Klompas); and Indiana University Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indianapolis, Indiana (Dr Dixon)
| | - Michael Klompas
- The Task Force for Global Health, Public Health Informatics Institute, Decatur, Georgia (Dr Kraus, Ms Saintus, and Mr Brand); Kraushold Consulting, Denver, Colorado (Dr Kraus); National Association of Chronic Disease Directors, Decatur, Georgia (Ms Martinez and Dr Hohman); Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia (Ms Begley and Mr Merritt); AllianceChicago, Chicago, Illinois (Mr Hamilton); OneHealthPort, Seattle, Washington (Mr Rubin); Washington State Department of Health, Tumwater, Washington (Drs Sullivan and Karras); Center for Biomedical Informatics, Regenstrief Institute, Indianapolis, Indiana (Drs Grannis and Dixon); Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana (Dr Grannis); Health Data Compass, University of Colorado Anschutz, Aurora, Colorado (Dr Brooks and Ms Mui); Louisiana Public Health Institute, New Orleans, Louisiana (Dr Carton); Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts (Dr Klompas); and Indiana University Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indianapolis, Indiana (Dr Dixon)
| | - Brian E. Dixon
- The Task Force for Global Health, Public Health Informatics Institute, Decatur, Georgia (Dr Kraus, Ms Saintus, and Mr Brand); Kraushold Consulting, Denver, Colorado (Dr Kraus); National Association of Chronic Disease Directors, Decatur, Georgia (Ms Martinez and Dr Hohman); Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia (Ms Begley and Mr Merritt); AllianceChicago, Chicago, Illinois (Mr Hamilton); OneHealthPort, Seattle, Washington (Mr Rubin); Washington State Department of Health, Tumwater, Washington (Drs Sullivan and Karras); Center for Biomedical Informatics, Regenstrief Institute, Indianapolis, Indiana (Drs Grannis and Dixon); Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana (Dr Grannis); Health Data Compass, University of Colorado Anschutz, Aurora, Colorado (Dr Brooks and Ms Mui); Louisiana Public Health Institute, New Orleans, Louisiana (Dr Carton); Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts (Dr Klompas); and Indiana University Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indianapolis, Indiana (Dr Dixon)
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60
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Sinclair AH, Taylor MK, Davidson A, Weitz JS, Beckett SJ, Samanez- Larkin GR. Scenario-Based Messages on Social Media Motivate COVID-19 Information Seeking. J Appl Res Mem Cogn 2024; 13:124-135. [PMID: 38655203 PMCID: PMC11034827 DOI: 10.1037/mac0000114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Communicating information about health risks empowers individuals to make informed decisions. To identify effective communication strategies, we manipulated the specificity, self-relevance, and emotional framing of messages designed to motivate information seeking about COVID-19 exposure risk. In Study 1 (N=221,829), we conducted a large-scale social media field study. Using Facebook advertisements, we targeted users by age and political attitudes. Episodic specificity drove engagement: Advertisements that contextualized risk in specific scenarios produced the highest click-through rates, across all demographic groups. In Study 2, we replicated and extended our findings in an online experiment (N=4,233). Message specificity (but not self-relevance or emotional valence) drove interest in learning about COVID-19 risks. Across both studies, we found that older adults and liberals were more interested in learning about COVID-19 risks. However, message specificity increased engagement across demographic groups. Overall, evoking specific scenarios motivated information seeking about COVID-19, facilitating risk communication to a broad audience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa H. Sinclair
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Morgan K. Taylor
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Audra Davidson
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Joshua S. Weitz
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Institut d’Biologie, École Normale Supérieure, Paris, France
| | - Stephen J. Beckett
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Daugherty J, Waltzman D, Breiding M, Peterson A, Chen J, Xu L, Womack LS, DePadilla L, Watson K, Corrigan JD. Refinement of a Preliminary Case Definition for Use in Traumatic Brain Injury Surveillance. J Head Trauma Rehabil 2024; 39:121-139. [PMID: 38039496 DOI: 10.1097/htr.0000000000000901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Current methods used to measure incidence of traumatic brain injury (TBI) underestimate its true public health burden. The use of self-report surveys may be an approach to improve these estimates. An important step in public health surveillance is to define a public health problem using a case definition. The purpose of this article is to outline the process that the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention undertook to refine a TBI case definition to be used in surveillance using a self-report survey. SETTING Survey. PARTICIPANTS A total of 10 030 adults participated via a random digit-dial telephone survey from September 2018 to September 2019. MAIN MEASURES Respondents were asked whether they had sustained a hit to the head in the preceding 12 months and whether they experienced a series of 12 signs and symptoms as a result of this injury. DESIGN Head injuries with 1 or more signs/symptoms reported were initially categorized into a 3-tiered TBI case definition (probable TBI, possible TBI, and delayed possible TBI), corresponding to the level of certainty that a TBI occurred. Placement in a tier was compared with a range of severity measures (whether medical evaluation was sought, time to symptom resolution, self-rated social and work functioning); case definition tiers were then modified in a stepwise fashion to maximize differences in severity between tiers. RESULTS There were statistically significant differences in the severity measure between cases in the probable and possible TBI tiers but not between other tiers. Timing of symptom onset did not meaningfully differentiate between cases on severity measures; therefore, the delayed possible tier was eliminated, resulting in 2 tiers: probable and possible TBI. CONCLUSION The 2-tiered TBI case definition that was derived from this analysis can be used in future surveillance efforts to differentiate cases by certainty and from noncases for the purpose of reporting TBI prevalence and incidence estimates. The refined case definition can help researchers increase the confidence they have in reporting survey respondents' self-reported TBIs as well as provide them with the flexibility to report an expansive (probable + possible TBI) or more conservative (probable TBI only) estimate of TBI prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill Daugherty
- Author Affiliations: Division of Injury Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Center for Injury Prevention and Control (NCIPC), Atlanta, Georgia (Drs Daugherty, Waltzman, Breiding, Peterson, Chen, Xu, Womack, and DePadilla); United States Public Health Service, Commissioned Corps, Washington, District of Columbia (Drs Breiding and Womack); Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention & Health Promotion, Division of Population Health, Atlanta, Georgia (Dr Watson); and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, The Ohio State University, Columbus (Dr Corrigan)
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62
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Soto GW, Whitfield GP, Smith A, Berrigan D, Fulton JE. Changes in Perceptions of the Near-Home Walking Environment Among US Adults-2015 and 2020 National Health Interview Survey. J Phys Act Health 2024; 21:266-274. [PMID: 38154022 PMCID: PMC10922589 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2023-0531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The built environments in which we work, live, and play can influence physical activity behaviors, and perceptions of these environments are associated with walking behavior. This study's objective is to compare national-level data on perceptions of the near-home walking environment from the 2015 and 2020 National Health Interview Survey. METHODS Adults in 2015 (n = 30,811) and 2020 (n = 29,636) reported perceptions of walkable supports (roads, sidewalks, paths, or trails; sidewalks on most streets), destinations (shops, stores, or markets; bus or transit stops; movies, libraries, or churches; places that help you relax, clear your mind, and reduce stress), and barriers to walking (traffic; crime; animals). Age-adjusted prevalence estimates, prevalence differences, and 95% confidence intervals were calculated overall and by demographic characteristics. RESULTS The reported prevalence of roads, sidewalks, paths, or trails for walking increased overall (85.3% in 2015 to 88.0% in 2020) and for many subgroups. Perceived places to walk to for relaxation, to clear your mind, and to reduce stress increased overall (72.1% in 2015 to 77.1% in 2020) and for all subgroups. Perceptions of crime as a barrier to walking decreased overall (12.5% in 2015 to 11.2% in 2020) and for some subgroups. From 2015 to 2020, the proportion of adults perceiving roads, sidewalks, paths, or trails; places to relax; and crime as a barrier to walking improved. CONCLUSIONS Continuing to monitor perceptions of the walking environment could contribute to progress toward national walking and walkability goals in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graycie W. Soto
- Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) Research Participation Program, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
| | - Geoffrey P. Whitfield
- Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Akimi Smith
- Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
- Office on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - David Berrigan
- Health Behaviors Research Branch, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Janet E. Fulton
- Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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63
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Bertulfo MCP, Kirkcaldy RD, Franzke LH, Papagari Sangareddy SR, Reza F. Advancing Data Science Among the Federal Public Health Workforce: The Data Science Upskilling Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. J Public Health Manag Pract 2024; 30:E41-E46. [PMID: 38271110 PMCID: PMC10860639 DOI: 10.1097/phh.0000000000001865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT Data can guide decision-making to improve the health of communities, but potential for use can only be realized if public health professionals have data science skills. However, not enough public health professionals possess the quantitative data skills to meet growing data science needs, including at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). PROGRAM The Data Science Upskilling (DSU) program increases data science literacy among staff and fellows working and training at CDC. The DSU program was established in 2019 as a team-based, project-driven, on-the-job applied upskilling program. Learners, within interdisciplinary teams, use curated learning resources to advance their CDC projects. The program has rapidly expanded from upskilling 13 teams of 31 learners during 2019-2020 to upskilling 36 teams of 143 learners during 2022-2023. EVALUATION All 2022-2023 cohort respondents to the end-of-project survey reported the program increased their data science knowledge. In addition, 90% agreed DSU improved their data science skills, 93% agreed it improved their confidence making data science decisions, and 96% agreed it improved their ability to perform data science work that benefits CDC. DISCUSSION DSU is an innovative, inclusive, and successful approach to improving data science literacy at CDC. DSU may serve as an upskilling model for other organizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Catherine P Bertulfo
- Public Health Workforce Branch, Division of Workforce Development, National Center for State, Territorial, Local, and Tribal Public Health Infrastructure and Workforce (Ms Bertulfo and Drs Kirkcaldy and Franzke); Office of Science (Dr Papagari Sangareddy); and Informatics and Data Analytics Branch, Immunization Services Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases (Dr Reza), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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Romero L, Acosta-Pérez E, Bednar H, Hurst S, Zapata LB, Torres SV, Powell R, Lathrop E. Perceptions of the Zika Virus, Contraceptive Access, and Motivation to Participate in the Zika Contraception Access Network Program: Qualitative Analysis of Focusgroup Discussions with Puerto Rican Women. P R Health Sci J 2024; 43:46-53. [PMID: 38512761 PMCID: PMC11002974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE During the 2016-2017 Zika virus outbreak in Puerto Rico, the Zika Contraception Access Network (Z-CAN) provided client-centered contraceptive counseling and access to the full range of reversible contraceptive methods at no cost to prevent unintended pregnancies and thereby to reduce Zika-related birth outcomes. METHODS To understand how Puerto Rican women's perceptions of the Zika virus affected contraceptive decisions and assess how they heard about the Z-CAN program and what influenced their participation, or lack thereof, 24 focus-group discussions were conducted among women of reproductive age who did and did not participate in Z-CAN. RESULTS Women who participated in the discussions often had heard about Z-CAN from their physician or friends; non-participants had heard about Z-CAN from Facebook or friends. Women expressed satisfaction on finding a Z-CAN clinic and valued the same-day provision of contraceptives. When a preferred contraceptive method or a first appointment was not readily available, women reconsidered accessing the program. Women's perceptions and trust of reproductive healthcare providers, their engagement in social networks, and their ability to choose a contraceptive method that best meets their needs can influence participation in contraception-access programs. CONCLUSION Focus groups can be used to understand women's knowledge of the Zika virus, barriers and facilitators to contraception access, and motivations for participation in the Z-CAN program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Romero
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30333
| | - Edna Acosta-Pérez
- Third Mission Institute, Albizu University and Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico, PO Box 10663, San Juan, PR 00922
| | - Hailey Bednar
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30333
| | - Stacey Hurst
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30333
| | - Lauren B. Zapata
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30333
| | - Samaris Vega Torres
- Third Mission Institute, Albizu University and Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico, PO Box 10663, San Juan, PR 00922
| | - Rachel Powell
- National Foundation for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 600 Peachtree St. NE, #1000, Atlanta, GA 30308
| | - Eva Lathrop
- Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 69 Jesse Hill Jr. Dr., Atlanta, GA 30303
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Dang G, Marsh S, Victoroff T, Hale C, Watson J, Moller K, Styles L, Healy E, Chapman T, Patel K, Fondario A, Schoonover T, Wuellner S, Towle M. Descriptive summary of fatal work-related injuries, Western States, 2011-2017. J Occup Environ Hyg 2024; 21:189-201. [PMID: 38408355 PMCID: PMC10997440 DOI: 10.1080/15459624.2024.2302470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Work-related deaths are a persistent occupational health issue that can be prevented. However, prevention opportunities can be hampered by a lack of adequate public health resources. The Western States Occupational Network (WestON) is a network of federal, state, and local occupational health professionals that includes a 19-state region of the United States. To encourage public health collaboration, WestON partners examined work-related fatalities within the region. Fatality counts (numerators) were obtained from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries restricted-access research files for all workers ages ≥15 years and fatally injured in WestON states from 2011 through 2017. Estimates of full-time equivalent hours worked (FTE) (denominators) were retrieved from the BLS Current Population Survey. Annual average fatality rates were calculated as number of fatalities per 100,000 FTE over the study period. Rates were stratified by state, select demographics, industry sector, and event/exposure types. Pearson chi-squared tests and rate ratios with 95% confidence probability limits were used to assess rate differences. All analyses were conducted using SAS v.9.4. From 2011 through 2017, the annual average overall occupational fatality rate for the WestON region was 3.5 fatalities per 100,000 FTE, comparable to the overall U.S. fatality rate. Male workers had a fatality rate almost 10 times higher than female workers in the region. Fatality rates increased with successive age groups. Alaska and New Mexico had significantly higher fatality rates for all racial/ethnic groups compared to respective regional rates. Wyoming, North Dakota, and Montana had the three highest occupational fatality rates among foreign-born workers. Agriculture/forestry/fishing, mining/oil/gas extraction, and transportation/warehousing/utilities were industry sector groups with the three highest fatality rates regionally. Transportation-related incidents were the most frequent event type associated with occupational fatalities for all 19 states. Work-related fatalities are a crosscutting occupational public health priority. This analysis can be an impetus for collaborative multistate initiatives among a dynamic and varied occupational public health network to better meet the needs of a rapidly changing workforce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gialana Dang
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Denver, CO
| | | | | | - Christa Hale
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Denver, CO
| | - Joanna Watson
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - Laura Styles
- California Department of Public Health, Sacramento, California
| | - Emily Healy
- Montana Nonprofit Association, Helena, Montana
| | - Tasha Chapman
- Oregon Department of Consumer and Business Services, Salem, Oregon
| | - Ketki Patel
- Texas Department of State Health Services, Austin, Texas
| | | | - Todd Schoonover
- Washington State Department of Labor and Industries, Olympia, Washington
| | - Sara Wuellner
- Washington State Department of Labor and Industries, Olympia, Washington
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Okoroh EM, Kroelinger CD. Recognizing Excellence in Maternal and Child Health (MCH) Epidemiology: The National MCH Epidemiology Awards. Matern Child Health J 2024; 28:383-390. [PMID: 38300470 PMCID: PMC10947996 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-024-03901-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Professionals in the field of maternal and child health (MCH) epidemiology are publicly recognized by the Coalition for Excellence in MCH Epidemiology representing 16 national MCH agencies and organizations. DESCRIPTION During the CityMatCH Leadership and MCH Epidemiology Conference, the national awards are presented to public health professionals for improving the health of women, children, and families. The awards have evolved over the last two decades with focus on awardees that represent more types of MCH public health professionals. ASSESSMENT Since 2000, the Coalition has presented 111 national awards in the areas of advancing knowledge, effective practice, outstanding leadership, excellence in teaching and mentoring, early career professional achievement, and lifetime achievement. Effective practice awards were most often presented at 45 awards, followed by early career professional achievement with 20. The awardees varied by place of employment with 37 employed at academic institutions, 33 in federal government positions, 32 in state or county government, seven in non-profit and two in clinical organizations. Awards were almost equally distributed by gender with 49 presented to women and 48 to men. Assessment of career advancement among previous awardees and acknowledging workforce challenges are gaps identified within the national awards process. CONCLUSION Recognition of deserving MCH professionals sets the standard for those entering the field of MCH epidemiology and offers opportunity to recognize those who have built capacity and improved the health of women, children, and families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekwutosi M Okoroh
- National MCH Epidemiology Awards Selection Committee, Maternal and Child Health Epidemiology Program, Division of Reproductive Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Hwy NE, MS S107-2, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Charlan D Kroelinger
- Division of Reproductive Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Hwy NE, MS S107-2, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Waltzman D, Daugherty J, Haarbauer-Krupa J, Zheng X, Jorge C, Basile KC. Association Between Lifetime Sexual Violence and Recent Traumatic Brain Injury Among Adults: 2017 Connecticut Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. J Interpers Violence 2024; 39:1351-1367. [PMID: 37804158 PMCID: PMC10962142 DOI: 10.1177/08862605231203962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Sexual violence (SV) is a critical public health problem that is associated with numerous negative health consequences, including immediate- and long-term physical and mental health conditions and health-risk behaviors. Some of these health-risk behaviors (e.g., substance use, unsafe driving practices, poor mental health, lower impulse control, and abnormal brain circuitry) might increase the risk for sustaining a traumatic brain injury (TBI). A TBI causes neurological or neuropsychological changes and may also lead to various symptoms that affect a person's cognition, mobility, behavior, and mental health. Determining if those who have experienced SV are at increased risk of sustaining a TBI in their lifetime is critical given the high prevalence and health impacts of SV, the potential vulnerability to TBI after SV, and the known detrimental effects of TBI. This exploratory study examined data from the 2017 Connecticut behavioral risk factor surveillance system and found that lifetime SV victimization (controlling for age and sex) was associated with increased odds of reporting a recent TBI in the past 12 months (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.1; 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.03, 4.21]). Further research is needed to better understand how SV history is related to the risk of sustaining a TBI. Healthcare professionals can support patients who experience SV by providing resources to help reduce associated physical and mental health conditions and health-risk behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Waltzman
- National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jill Daugherty
- National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Juliet Haarbauer-Krupa
- National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Xi Zheng
- Connecticut Department of Public Health, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - Celeste Jorge
- Connecticut Department of Public Health, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - Kathleen C. Basile
- National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Rodriguez M, McKenzie M, McKee H, Ledingham EM, John K, Koziol J, Hallowell BD. Differences in Substance Use and Harm Reduction Practices by Race and Ethnicity: Rhode Island Harm Reduction Surveillance System, 2021-2022. J Public Health Manag Pract 2024; 30:E84-E93. [PMID: 38153310 PMCID: PMC10872563 DOI: 10.1097/phh.0000000000001863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT In the United States, minority populations are disproportionately affected by the overdose epidemic, have higher mortality rates, and unequal access to harm reduction and treatment services. OBJECTIVE This analysis aims to better understand harm reduction utilization and substance use patterns among minority populations to improve overdose outreach and prevention initiatives in Rhode Island. DESIGN The present analysis used data from the Harm Reduction Surveillance System from January 2021 to December 2022 (N = 393). Chi-square tests and multivariable regression models were used to investigate differences in substance use behaviors by race and ethnicity. SETTING Rhode Island. PARTICIPANTS Participants include individuals who self-reported the use of illicit drugs, currently reside in Rhode Island, and were older than 18 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Methods of drug use and uptake of harm reduction practices. RESULTS Among survey participants, 41% were non-Hispanic White, 57% were aged 25 to 44 years, 62% identified as male, and 95% had health insurance coverage. Most participants reported smoking as their method of drug use (90%) and harm reduction practices were underutilized by all race and ethnicity groups. Fewer non-Hispanic Black participants reported carrying naloxone compared to the other race and ethnicity groups. Non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic participants were significantly less likely to inject drugs compared with non-Hispanic White participants (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.14; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.04-0.45) (AOR = 0.40; 95% CI, 0.18-0.90). CONCLUSIONS Smoking was the most common self-reported method of substance administration for all participants, whereas injection was more prevalent among non-Hispanic White participants. There is a continued need for minority-led and culturally informed harm reduction and treatment services for minority populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- McClaren Rodriguez
- Substance Use Epidemiology Program, Center for Health Data Analysis, Rhode Island Department of Health, Providence, Rhode Island (Mss Rodriguez, Ledingham, and St. John and Dr Hallowell); Preventing Overdose and Naloxone Intervention (PONI), The Miriam Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island (Mss McKenzie and McKee); and Drug Overdose Prevention Program, Center for Health Data Analysis, Rhode Island Department of Health, Providence, Rhode Island (Ms Koziol)
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Lendon JP, Caffrey C, Lau DT. End-Of-Life Care Planning and Bereavement Practices Among Adult Day Services Centers, 2018. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 2024; 41:262-269. [PMID: 36898004 PMCID: PMC11056790 DOI: 10.1177/10499091231163269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: This study describes the end-of-life (EOL) care planning and bereavement practices among adult day services centers (ADSC) when an ADSC participant is dying or has died. Methods: Data are from the 2018 National Study of Long-term Care Providers' biennial survey of ADSCs. Respondents were asked about the following 4 practices: 1) honoring the deceased in some public way in this center; 2) offering bereavement services to staff and participants; 3) documenting in the care plan what is important to the individual at the end of life (EOL), such as the presence of family or religious or cultural practices; and 4) discussing spiritual needs at care planning conferences. ADSC characteristics included US Census region, metropolitan statistical area status, Medicaid authorization, electronic health records (EHR) use, for-profit status, employment of aides, services provision, and model type. Results: About 50% to 30% of ADSCs offered the EOL care planning or bereavement services. Honoring the deceased was the most common practice (53%), followed by bereavement services (37%), discussing spiritual needs (29%), and documenting what is important at EOL (28%). Fewer ADSCs in the West had EOL practices relative to the other regions. The EOL planning and bereavement practices were offered more often in ADSCs that used EHRs, accepted Medicaid, employed an aide, provided nursing, hospice, and palliative care services, and were categorized as medical models, compared with ADSCs without these characteristics. Conclusion: These results highlight the importance of understanding how ADSCs provide EOL and bereavement care to participants who are near EOL.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Denys T Lau
- National Center for Health Statistics, Hyattsville, MD, USA
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Wang Y, Zhang P, Zhou X, Rolka D, Imperatore G. Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Medical Expenditures Among Medicare Fee-for-Service Beneficiaries Aged ≥67 Years With Diabetes. Diabetes Care 2024; 47:452-459. [PMID: 38227901 PMCID: PMC11005216 DOI: 10.2337/dc23-1679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare total and out-of-pocket (OOP) medical expenditures between pre-COVID-19 (March 2019 to February 2020) and COVID-19 (March 2020 to February 2022) periods among Medicare beneficiaries with diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Data were from 100% Medicare fee-for-service claims. Diabetes was identified using ICD-10 codes. We calculated quarterly total and OOP medical expenditures at the population and per capita level in total and by service type. Per capita expenditures were calculated by dividing the population expenditure by the number of beneficiaries with diabetes in the same quarter. Changes in expenditures were calculated as the differences in the same quarters between the prepandemic and pandemic years. RESULTS Population total expenditure fell to $33.6 billion in the 1st quarter of the pandemic from $41.7 billion in the same prepandemic quarter; it then bounced back to $36.8 billion by the 4th quarter of the 2nd pandemic year. The per capita total expenditure fell to $5,356 in the 1st quarter of the pandemic from $6,500 in the same prepandemic quarter. It then increased to $6,096 by the 4th quarter of the 2nd pandemic year, surpassing the same quarter in the prepandemic year ($5,982). Both population and per capita OOP expenditures during the pandemic period were lower than the prepandemic period. Changes in per capita expenditure between the pre-COVID-19 and COVID-19 periods by service type varied. CONCLUSIONS COVID-19 had a significant impact on both total and per capita medical expenditures among Medicare beneficiaries with diabetes. The COVID-19 pandemic was associated with lower OOP expenditures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Division of Diabetes Translation, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Ping Zhang
- Division of Diabetes Translation, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Xilin Zhou
- Division of Diabetes Translation, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Deborah Rolka
- Division of Diabetes Translation, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Giuseppina Imperatore
- Division of Diabetes Translation, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
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71
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Rossen LM, Resendez A, Behdin A, Louis MS. Trends and disparities in deaths among young persons in the US during the COVID-19 pandemic. Ann Epidemiol 2024; 91:37-43. [PMID: 38309641 PMCID: PMC10922572 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2024.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine changes in death rates by demographic group and by the leading causes of death in U.S. persons 1 to 24 years of age during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS A retrospective cross-sectional study using mortality data from the National Vital Statistics System from April 2017 to March 2023. Pre-pandemic death rates were compared with death rates during the pandemic overall, by race/ethnicity, age, sex, and cause group. RESULTS Age-adjusted death rates in young persons 1-24 years of age increased by 14.3% during the pandemic. Injury-related causes accounted for 78.2% of the increase, driven mainly by increases in homicides and unintentional injuries related to drug overdose, firearms, and motor-vehicle traffic crashes. Non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic teens and young adults experienced the largest increases in deaths overall and across the leading causes of death. CONCLUSIONS During the COVID-19 pandemic, injury-related causes accounted for the majority of the increases in deaths in children and young adults, driven mainly by firearms, drug overdoses, and motor vehicle traffic crashes. Findings highlight the importance of understanding the drivers of these marked increases in injury-related mortality and the need for injury prevention efforts among children even in the context of an infectious disease pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Rossen
- Division of Research and Methodology, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hyattsville, MD, United States.
| | - Adriana Resendez
- Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, United States
| | - Amanda Behdin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Michael St Louis
- Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
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72
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Olejarz JW, Roster KIO, Kissler SM, Lipsitch M, Grad YH. Optimal environmental testing frequency for outbreak surveillance. Epidemics 2024; 46:100750. [PMID: 38394927 PMCID: PMC10979539 DOI: 10.1016/j.epidem.2024.100750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Public health surveillance for pathogens presents an optimization problem: we require enough sampling to identify intervention-triggering shifts in pathogen epidemiology, such as new introductions or sudden increases in prevalence, but not so much that costs due to surveillance itself outweigh those from pathogen-associated illness. To determine this optimal sampling frequency, we developed a general mathematical model for the introduction of a new pathogen that, once introduced, increases in prevalence exponentially. Given the relative cost of infection vs. sampling, we derived equations for the expected combined cost per unit time of disease burden and surveillance for a specified sampling frequency, and thus the sampling frequency for which the expected total cost per unit time is lowest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason W Olejarz
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Center for Communicable Disease Dynamics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Kirstin I Oliveira Roster
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Center for Communicable Disease Dynamics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Stephen M Kissler
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Center for Communicable Disease Dynamics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Computer Science, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Marc Lipsitch
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Center for Communicable Disease Dynamics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yonatan H Grad
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Center for Communicable Disease Dynamics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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DeJonge P, Sekkarie A, Martell S, Patrick S, Caudill M, Horton DK, Orr MF, Konkle S. Qualitative Data Collection 1-Year Post Disaster Provided Insight Into Unique Concerns of Affected Community Residents During Long-Term Recovery - Illinois, July 2022. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2024; 18:e39. [PMID: 38415355 PMCID: PMC10904016 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2024.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter DeJonge
- Epidemic Intelligence Service, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ahlia Sekkarie
- Epidemic Intelligence Service, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Sarah Patrick
- Illinois Department of Public Health, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Motria Caudill
- Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - D Kevin Horton
- Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Maureen F Orr
- Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Stacey Konkle
- Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Filby S, Van Walbeek C, Pan L. Cigarette excise tax structure and cigarette prices in nine sub-Saharan African countries: evidence from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey. Tob Control 2024; 33:208-214. [PMID: 38378207 PMCID: PMC10882183 DOI: 10.1136/tc-2022-057414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Economic theory predicts that the excise tax structure influences the distribution of cigarette prices. Evidence shows that uniform specific excise tax structures exhibit the least price variability relative to other tax structures. The distribution of cigarette prices under different excise tax structures has never been examined for a group of African countries. OBJECTIVES To examine the distribution of cigarette prices under different tax structures in nine African countries and to critically evaluate the effectiveness of African regional tax directives in promoting public health. METHODS Data from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey, conducted in eight African countries during 2012-2018, and data from the 2017 Gambia Tobacco Survey were used to construct survey-derived cigarette prices. The coefficients of variation and skewness of the price distribution were compared in the context of each country's cigarette excise tax structure. RESULTS The least price variability is found in countries with a uniform specific tax, or a mixed system with a minimum specific floor. Cigarette price variability is largest in countries with uniform ad valorem tax structures. Three of the four countries with ad valorem tax structures are in regional blocs, where the tax directives specify that they should implement an ad valorem structure. CONCLUSIONS Regional tax directives that require the adoption of uniform specific excise taxes, or high minimum specific floors, could be an efficient way to get multiple African countries to adopt a tax structure that reduces substitution possibilities in response to excise tax increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Filby
- Research Unit on the Economics of Excisable Products, School of Economics, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
| | - Corné Van Walbeek
- Research Unit on the Economics of Excisable Products, School of Economics, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
| | - Liping Pan
- Office on Smoking and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Faherty EAG, Yuce D, Korban C, Bemis K, Kowalski R, Gretsch S, Ramirez E, Poretsky R, Packman A, Leisman KP, Pierce M, Kittner A, Teran R, Pacilli M. Correlation of wastewater surveillance data with traditional influenza surveillance measures in Cook County, Illinois, October 2022-April 2023. Sci Total Environ 2024; 912:169551. [PMID: 38135071 PMCID: PMC10913165 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Influenza is a respiratory illness that can result in serious outcomes, particularly among persons who are immunocompromised, aged <5 years or aged >65 years. Traditional influenza surveillance approaches rely upon syndromic surveillance of emergency departments and public health reporting from clinicians and laboratories. Wastewater surveillance infrastructure developed to monitor SARS-CoV-2 is being used for influenza surveillance in the Chicago area. The goal was to evaluate timeliness and correlations between influenza virus detected through wastewater surveillance and traditional influenza surveillance measures to assess utility of wastewater surveillance for influenza at the county level. Specifically, we measured correlations between influenza virus gene copies in wastewater samples and 1) the number of intensive care unit admissions associated with a diagnosis of influenza, 2) the percentage emergency department (ED) visits for influenza-like-illness, and 3) the percentage of ED visits with influenza diagnosis at discharge2 in Cook County. Influenza concentrations in wastewater were strongly correlated with traditional influenza surveillance measures, particularly for catchment areas serving >100,000 residents. Wastewater indicators lagged traditional influenza surveillance measures by approximately one week when analyzed in cross-correlations. Although wastewater data lagged traditional influenza surveillance measures in this analysis, it can serve as a useful surveillance tool as a complement to syndromic surveillance; it is a form of influenza surveillance that does not rely on healthcare-seeking behavior or reporting by healthcare providers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A G Faherty
- Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, United States of America; Chicago Department of Public Health, United States of America.
| | - Deniz Yuce
- Chicago Department of Public Health, United States of America
| | - Colin Korban
- Chicago Department of Public Health, United States of America
| | - Kelley Bemis
- Cook County Department of Public Health, United States of America
| | - Rishi Kowalski
- Cook County Department of Public Health, United States of America
| | | | - Enrique Ramirez
- Chicago Department of Public Health, United States of America
| | | | | | | | - Melissa Pierce
- University of Illinois System, Discovery Partners Institute, United States of America
| | - Alyse Kittner
- Chicago Department of Public Health, United States of America
| | - Richard Teran
- Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, United States of America; Chicago Department of Public Health, United States of America
| | - Massimo Pacilli
- Chicago Department of Public Health, United States of America
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Scott KA, Wingate KC, DuBose KN, Butler CR, Ramirez-Cardenas A, Hale CR. The wildland firefighter exposure and health effect (WFFEHE) study: cohort characteristics and health behavior changes in context. Ann Work Expo Health 2024; 68:122-135. [PMID: 38164597 PMCID: PMC10922597 DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxad080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Work is an under-recognized social determinant of health. There is limited research describing US wildland firefighter (WFF) workforce demographics or how to work associates with WFF health behaviors. In this study researchers characterized a WFF cohort and tested hypotheses that WFFs used tobacco, alcohol, and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) differently over the course of the fire season and that different fire crews may exhibit different behavior patterns. METHODS Researchers collected data in the field with 6 WFF crews during 2 consecutive fire seasons (2018 and 2019). WFF crews completed questionnaires before and after each season. WFFs with an initial preseason questionnaire and at least 1 follow-up questionnaire were included (n = 138). Descriptive statistics summarized WFFs' baseline demographic, employment, and health characteristics. Linear mixed models were used to test for changes in WFFs' substance use over time and assess crew-level differences. A meta-analysis of WFF longitudinal studies' population characteristics was attempted to contextualize baseline findings. RESULTS WFFs were predominately male, less than 35 yr of age, non-Hispanic White, and had healthy weight. Smokeless tobacco use and binge drinking were prevalent in this cohort (52% and 78%, respectively, among respondents). Longitudinal analyses revealed that during the fire season WFFs' use of tobacco and SSBs increased and the number of days they consumed alcohol decreased. Crew-level associations varied by substance. The meta-analysis was not completed due to cross-study heterogeneity and inconsistent reporting. DISCUSSION WFF agencies can promote evidence-based substance use prevention and management programs and modify working conditions that may influence WFF stress or substance use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth A. Scott
- United States Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Western States Division, Denver, CO, USA
| | | | - Kathleen N. DuBose
- United States Department of the Interior, Office of Wildland Fire, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Corey R. Butler
- United States Department of the Interior, Office of Occupational Safety and Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Alejandra Ramirez-Cardenas
- United States Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Western States Division, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Christa R. Hale
- United States Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Western States Division, Denver, CO, USA
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Bampoe VD, Brown N, Deng L, Schiffer J, Jia LT, Epperson M, Gorantla Y, Park SH, Ao J, Acosta AM, Hariri S. Serologic Immunity to Tetanus in the United States, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2015-2016. Clin Infect Dis 2024; 78:470-475. [PMID: 37787062 PMCID: PMC10922579 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciad598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tetanus, a life-threatening infection, has become rare in the United States since introduction of tetanus toxoid-containing vaccines (TTCVs), recommended as a childhood series followed by decennial boosters beginning at age 11-12 years; vaccination uptake is high in children but suboptimal in adults. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of sero-immunity to tetanus among persons aged ≥6 years in the United States and to identify factors associated with tetanus sero-immunity. Understanding population protection against tetanus informs current and future vaccine recommendations. METHODS Anti-tetanus toxoid antibody concentrations were measured for participants of the 2015-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) aged ≥6 years for whom surplus serum samples were available using a microsphere-based multiplex antibody capture assay. Prevalence of sero-immunity, defined as ≥0.10 IU/mL, was estimated overall and by demographic characteristics. Factors associated with tetanus sero-immunity were examined using multivariable regression. RESULTS Overall, 93.8% of the US population aged ≥6 years had sero-protection against tetanus. Prevalence of sero-immunity was above 90% across racial/ethnic categories, sex, and poverty levels. By age, ≥ 90% had protective sero-immunity through age 69 years, but prevalence of sero-immunity declined thereafter, with 75.8% of those aged ≥80 years having protective sero-immunity. Older age (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR]: 0.89, 95% confidence interval [CI]: .85-.92) and being born outside the United States (aPR: 0.96, 95% CI: .93-.98) were significantly associated with lower prevalence of sero-immunity. CONCLUSIONS The majority of the US population has vaccine-induced sero-immunity to tetanus, demonstrating the success of the vaccination program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie D. Bampoe
- Meningitis and Vaccine Preventable Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Nicole Brown
- Meningitis and Vaccine Preventable Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Li Deng
- Meningitis and Vaccine Preventable Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Jarad Schiffer
- Microbial Pathogenesis and Immune Response Laboratory, Division of Bacterial Diseases, National Center of Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Lily Tao Jia
- Microbial Pathogenesis and Immune Response Laboratory, Division of Bacterial Diseases, National Center of Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Monica Epperson
- Microbial Pathogenesis and Immune Response Laboratory, Division of Bacterial Diseases, National Center of Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Yamini Gorantla
- Microbial Pathogenesis and Immune Response Laboratory, Division of Bacterial Diseases, National Center of Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - So Hee Park
- Microbial Pathogenesis and Immune Response Laboratory, Division of Bacterial Diseases, National Center of Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Jingning Ao
- Microbial Pathogenesis and Immune Response Laboratory, Division of Bacterial Diseases, National Center of Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Anna M. Acosta
- Meningitis and Vaccine Preventable Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Susan Hariri
- Meningitis and Vaccine Preventable Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
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Basu Thakur P, Mrotz VJ, Maines TR, Belser JA. Ferrets as a Mammalian Model to Study Influenza Virus-Bacteria Interactions. J Infect Dis 2024; 229:608-615. [PMID: 37739789 PMCID: PMC10922577 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferrets represent an invaluable model for the study of influenza virus pathogenicity and transmissibility. Ferrets are also employed for the study of bacterial pathogens that naturally infect humans at different anatomical sites. While viral and bacterial infection studies in isolation using animal models are important for furthering our understanding of pathogen biology and developing improved therapeutics, it is also critical to extend our knowledge to pathogen coinfections in vivo, to more closely examine interkingdom dynamics that may contribute to overall disease outcomes. We discuss how ferrets have been employed to study a diverse range of both influenza viruses and bacterial species and summarize key studies that have utilized the ferret model for primary influenza virus challenge followed by secondary bacterial infection. These copathogenesis studies have provided critical insight into the dynamic interplay between these pathogens, underscoring the utility of ferrets as a model system for investigating influenza virus-bacteria interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poulami Basu Thakur
- Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Microbiology and Molecular Genetics Program, Graduate Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Victoria J Mrotz
- Comparative Medicine Branch, Division of Scientific Resources, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Taronna R Maines
- Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jessica A Belser
- Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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79
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Thompson KM, Kalkowska DA, Kidd SE, Burns CC, Badizadegan K. Trade-offs of different poliovirus vaccine options for outbreak response in the United States and other countries that only use inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) in routine immunization. Vaccine 2024; 42:819-827. [PMID: 38218668 PMCID: PMC10947589 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.12.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Delays in achieving polio eradication have led to ongoing risks of poliovirus importations that may cause outbreaks in polio-free countries. Because of the low, but non-zero risk of paralysis with oral poliovirus vaccines (OPVs), countries that achieve and maintain high national routine immunization coverage have increasingly shifted to exclusive use of inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) for all preventive immunizations. However, immunization coverage within countries varies, with under-vaccinated subpopulations potentially able to sustain transmission of imported polioviruses and experience local outbreaks. Due to its cost, ease-of-use, and ability to induce mucosal immunity, using OPV as an outbreak control measure offers a more cost-effective option in countries in which OPV remains in use. However, recent polio outbreaks in IPV-only countries raise questions about whether and when IPV use for outbreak response may fail to stop poliovirus transmission and what consequences may follow from using OPV for outbreak response in these countries. We systematically reviewed the literature to identify modeling studies that explored the use of IPV for outbreak response in IPV-only countries. In addition, applying a model of the 2022 type 2 poliovirus outbreak in New York, we characterized the implications of using different OPV formulations for outbreak response instead of IPV. We also explored the hypothetical scenario of the same outbreak except for type 1 poliovirus instead of type 2. We find that using IPV for outbreak response will likely only stop outbreaks for polioviruses of relatively low transmission potential in countries with very high overall immunization coverage, seasonal transmission dynamics, and only if IPV immunization interventions reach some unvaccinated individuals. Using OPV for outbreak response in IPV-only countries poses substantial risks and challenges that require careful consideration, but may represent an option to consider for some outbreaks in some populations depending on the properties of the available vaccines and coverage attainable.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sarah E Kidd
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Cara C Burns
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
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80
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Shi DS, Rinsky JL, Grimes GR, Chiu SK. Health Hazard Evaluations of occupational cancer cluster concerns: the USA, January 2001-December 2020. Occup Environ Med 2024; 81:109-112. [PMID: 37932036 PMCID: PMC10897873 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2023-108988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe recent investigations of potential workplace cancer clusters. METHODS We identified Health Hazard Evaluations (HHEs) of cancer concerns during 2001-2020. We described information about industry, requestors, cancer characteristics, investigative procedures, and determinations about the presence of a cluster (ie, presence of excess cases, unusual case distribution or exposure). RESULTS Of 5754 HHEs, 174 included cancer concerns, comprising 1%-5% of HHEs per year. In 123 HHEs, the cancer cluster concerns involved different cancer primary sites. Investigation procedures varied but included record review (n=63, 36%) and site visits (n=22, 13%). Of 158 HHEs with a cluster determination by investigator(s), 151 (96%) were not considered cancer clusters. In seven HHEs, investigators found evidence of a cluster, but occupational exposure to a carcinogen was not identified. CONCLUSIONS The proportion of HHEs on workplace cancer cluster concerns remained steady over time; most did not meet the definition of a cluster or uncover an occupational cause. Public health practitioners can use this information to provide updated context when addressing workplace cancer cluster concerns and as motivation to refine investigative approaches. More broadly, this review highlights an opportunity to identify best practices on how to apply community cluster investigation methods to the workplace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dallas S Shi
- Division of Field Studies and Engineering, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jessica L Rinsky
- Division of Field Studies and Engineering, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - George R Grimes
- Division of Field Studies and Engineering, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Sophia K Chiu
- Division of Field Studies and Engineering, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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81
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Phillips-Bell GS, Mohamoud YA, Kirby RS, Parks SE, Cozier YC, Shapiro-Mendoza CK. Neighborhood Deprivation and Privilege: an Examination of Racialized-Economic Segregation and Preterm Birth, Florida 2019. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2024; 11:72-80. [PMID: 36652162 PMCID: PMC10352457 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-022-01498-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The Black-White disparity in preterm birth persists and is not fully explained by individual-level social, behavioral, or clinical risk factors. Consequently, there is increasing emphasis on understanding the role of structural and area-level factors. Racialized-economic segregation measured as the index of concentration at the extremes (ICE) simultaneously captures extremes of deprivation and privilege. Our objective was to examine associations between preterm birth (PTB) and the index of concentration at the extremes (ICE). In this cross-sectional study, we analyzed 193,957 Florida birth records from 2019 linked to 2015-2019 census tract data from the American Community Survey. We assessed PTB (< 37 weeks gestation) by subtypes: (1) early (< 34 weeks) and late (34-36 weeks) and (2) spontaneous and indicated (i.e., provider-initiated) deliveries. We calculated adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for three ICE measures: (1) ICE_INC: income, (2) INC_INC + WB: income + race/ethnicity (non-Hispanic White vs. Black), and (3) INC_INC + WH: income + race/ethnicity (non-Hispanic White vs. Hispanic). Results. For ICE_INC and INC_INC + WB, aORs for residing in the worst-off vs. best-off areas were 1.25 (95% CI: 1.12, 1.46) and 1.21 (95% CI: 1.07, 1.37) for early PTB, respectively, and 1.16 (95% CI: 1.05, 1.28) to 1.22 (95% CI: 1.12, 1.34) for indicated PTB. In conclusion, deprivation captured by ICE was associated with increased odds of early or indicated PTB. Eliminating PTB disparities may require a multifaceted approach that includes addressing the interplay between income and race/ethnicity in residential areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghasi S Phillips-Bell
- Division of Reproductive Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, NE, MS S-1072, Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA.
| | - Yousra A Mohamoud
- Division of Reproductive Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, NE, MS S-1072, Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA
| | - Russell S Kirby
- University of South Florida College of Public Health, 13201 Bruce B. Downs Blvd, MDC 56, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Sharyn E Parks
- Division of Reproductive Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, NE, MS S-1072, Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA
| | - Yvette C Cozier
- Boston University School of Public Health, 715 Albany Street, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Carrie K Shapiro-Mendoza
- Division of Reproductive Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, NE, MS S-1072, Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA
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Rajasekhar M, Simpson JA, Ley B, Edler P, Chu CS, Abreha T, Awab GR, Baird JK, Bancone G, Barber BE, Grigg MJ, Hwang J, Karunajeewa H, Lacerda MVG, Ladeia-Andrade S, Llanos-Cuentas A, Pukrittayakamee S, Rijal KR, Saravu K, Sutanto I, Taylor WRJ, Thriemer K, Watson JA, Guerin PJ, White NJ, Price RN, Commons RJ. Primaquine dose and the risk of haemolysis in patients with uncomplicated Plasmodium vivax malaria: a systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis. Lancet Infect Dis 2024; 24:184-195. [PMID: 37748497 PMCID: PMC7615565 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(23)00431-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primaquine radical cure is used to treat dormant liver-stage parasites and prevent relapsing Plasmodium vivax malaria but is limited by concerns of haemolysis. We undertook a systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis to investigate the haematological safety of different primaquine regimens for P vivax radical cure. METHODS For this systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Central for prospective clinical studies of uncomplicated P vivax from endemic countries published between Jan 1, 2000, and June 8, 2023. We included studies if they had active follow-up of at least 28 days, if they included a treatment group with daily primaquine given over multiple days where primaquine was commenced within 3 days of schizontocidal treatment and was given alone or coadministered with chloroquine or one of four artemisinin-based combination therapies (ie, artemether-lumefantrine, artesunate-mefloquine, artesunate-amodiaquine, or dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine), and if they recorded haemoglobin or haematocrit concentrations on day 0. We excluded studies if they were on prevention, prophylaxis, or patients with severe malaria, or if data were extracted retrospectively from medical records outside of a planned trial. For the meta-analysis, we contacted the investigators of eligible trials to request individual patient data and we then pooled data that were made available by Aug 23, 2021. The main outcome was haemoglobin reduction of more than 25% to a concentration of less than 7 g/dL by day 14. Haemoglobin concentration changes between day 0 and days 2-3 and between day 0 and days 5-7 were assessed by mixed-effects linear regression for patients with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activity of (1) 30% or higher and (2) between 30% and less than 70%. The study was registered with PROSPERO, CRD42019154470 and CRD42022303680. FINDINGS Of 226 identified studies, 18 studies with patient-level data from 5462 patients from 15 countries were included in the analysis. A haemoglobin reduction of more than 25% to a concentration of less than 7 g/dL occurred in one (0·1%) of 1208 patients treated without primaquine, none of 893 patients treated with a low daily dose of primaquine (<0·375 mg/kg per day), five (0·3%) of 1464 patients treated with an intermediate daily dose (0·375 mg/kg per day to <0·75 mg/kg per day), and six (0·5%) of 1269 patients treated with a high daily dose (≥0·75 mg/kg per day). The covariate-adjusted mean estimated haemoglobin changes at days 2-3 were -0·6 g/dL (95% CI -0·7 to -0·5), -0·7 g/dL (-0·8 to -0·5), -0·6 g/dL (-0·7 to -0·4), and -0·5 g/dL (-0·7 to -0·4), respectively. In 51 patients with G6PD activity between 30% and less than 70%, the adjusted mean haemoglobin concentration on days 2-3 decreased as G6PD activity decreased; two patients in this group who were treated with a high daily dose of primaquine had a reduction of more than 25% to a concentration of less than 7 g/dL. 17 of 18 included studies had a low or unclear risk of bias. INTERPRETATION Treatment of patients with G6PD activity of 30% or higher with 0·25-0·5 mg/kg per day primaquine regimens and patients with G6PD activity of 70% or higher with 0·25-1 mg/kg per day regimens were associated with similar risks of haemolysis to those in patients treated without primaquine, supporting the safe use of primaquine radical cure at these doses. FUNDING Australian National Health and Medical Research Council, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, and Medicines for Malaria Venture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megha Rajasekhar
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Julie A Simpson
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; WorldWide Antimalarial Resistance Network (WWARN), Asia-Pacific Regional Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Benedikt Ley
- Global Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, Australia
| | - Peta Edler
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Cindy S Chu
- Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Mae Sot, Thailand; Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Tesfay Abreha
- ICAP, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Ghulam R Awab
- MORU, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Nangarhar Medical Faculty, Nangarhar University, Jalalabad, Afghanistan
| | - J Kevin Baird
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Oxford University Clinical Research Unit Indonesia, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Germana Bancone
- Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Mae Sot, Thailand; Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Bridget E Barber
- Global Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, Australia; QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Infectious Diseases Society Sabah-Menzies School of Health Research Clinical Research Unit, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
| | - Matthew J Grigg
- Global Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, Australia; Infectious Diseases Society Sabah-Menzies School of Health Research Clinical Research Unit, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
| | - Jimee Hwang
- US President's Malaria Initiative, Malaria Branch, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA; Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Harin Karunajeewa
- Department of Medicine-Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, St Albans, VIC, Australia
| | - Marcus V G Lacerda
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil; Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane, Fiocruz, Manaus, Brazil; University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Simone Ladeia-Andrade
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Institute of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, NOVA University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Alejandro Llanos-Cuentas
- Unit of Leishmaniasis and Malaria, Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Komal R Rijal
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Central Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Nepal
| | - Kavitha Saravu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kasturba Medical College, and Manipal Center for Infectious Diseases, Prasanna School of Public Health, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Inge Sutanto
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Walter R J Taylor
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; ICAP, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Kamala Thriemer
- Global Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, Australia
| | - James A Watson
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; WWARN, Oxford, UK
| | - Philippe J Guerin
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; WWARN, Oxford, UK; Infectious Diseases Data Observatory (IDDO), Oxford, UK
| | - Nicholas J White
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; MORU, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ric N Price
- WorldWide Antimalarial Resistance Network (WWARN), Asia-Pacific Regional Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Global Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, Australia; Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Robert J Commons
- WorldWide Antimalarial Resistance Network (WWARN), Asia-Pacific Regional Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Global Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, Australia; General and Subspecialty Medicine, Grampians Health-Ballarat, Ballarat, VIC, Australia.
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Williams PA, Rotunda W, Porterfield D, Skeete RA, Smith AD, Proia KK. Implementation of Session Zero as a Recruitment Strategy in the National Diabetes Prevention Program's Lifestyle Change Program. Sci Diabetes Self Manag Care 2024; 50:74-86. [PMID: 38158815 PMCID: PMC10995983 DOI: 10.1177/26350106231215767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of the study was to understand the extent to which organizations offering the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) National Diabetes Prevention Program (National DPP) lifestyle change program implement session zero (a pre-enrollment session designed to recruit, engage, and enroll participants in programs), the stated purpose(s) for offering session zero, the content of session zero, and best practices for using session zero for recruitment. METHODS Researchers conducted a survey of all organizations offering the National DPP lifestyle change program that were registered with the CDC's Diabetes Prevention Recognition Program and their affiliated delivery locations. RESULTS Most (79.5%) delivery locations reported implementing session zero; of these, most used session zero as a recruitment strategy (81.1%) and orientation session (72.8%), whereas few (17.7%) used session zero solely to complete participant enrollment paperwork. Most (60.7%) delivery locations that implement session zero offer all their sessions at the same location, offer one session per upcoming participant cohort (66.7%), and use a consistent agenda (83.0%). Out of a list of activities informed by behavior change theory, the most common was offering an opportunity to enroll in the year-long lifestyle change program at the end of session zero (71.1%). CONCLUSIONS Most National DPP delivery locations implement session zero as a recruitment and orientation session. Most delivery locations reported including some activities informed by behavior change theory, but delivery locations could offer more theoretically informed activities during their session zero. The findings provide practice-based considerations for implementing session zero for recruitment into lifestyle change programs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wendi Rotunda
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | | | | | - Akimi D Smith
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Krista K Proia
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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Stadelman-Behar AM, Cahill ME, Newell K, Sievers M, Gehre M, Carter KK, Sosin DM, Torrone EA. Effects of Rurality on Distance and Time Traveled to Receive Vaccination Against Mpox-New Mexico and Idaho 2022-2023. Sex Transm Dis 2024; 51:102-104. [PMID: 37977191 PMCID: PMC10843776 DOI: 10.1097/olq.0000000000001904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT We compared mpox vaccination access between urban and rural residents who received ≥1 JYNNEOS dose using immunization data in Idaho and New Mexico. Rural residents traveled 5 times farther and 3 times longer than urban residents to receive mpox vaccination. Increasing mpox vaccine availability to health care facilities might increase uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M. Stadelman-Behar
- Epidemic Intelligence Service, Division of Workforce Development, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Epidemiology Response Division, New Mexico Department of Health, Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA
| | - Megan E. Cahill
- Epidemic Intelligence Service, Division of Workforce Development, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Division of Public Health, Idaho Department of Health and Welfare, Boise, Idaho, USA
| | - Katherine Newell
- Epidemic Intelligence Service, Division of Workforce Development, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Marla Sievers
- Epidemiology Response Division, New Mexico Department of Health, Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA
| | - Mika Gehre
- Epidemiology Response Division, New Mexico Department of Health, Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA
| | - Kris K. Carter
- Division of Public Health, Idaho Department of Health and Welfare, Boise, Idaho, USA
- Center for Preparedness and Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Daniel M. Sosin
- Epidemiology Response Division, New Mexico Department of Health, Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Torrone
- Division of STD Prevention, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD & TB Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Colpe L, Blair JM, Kurikeshu R, Mack KA, Nashelsky M, O'Connor S, Pearson J, Pilkey D, Warner M, Weintraub B. Research, practice, and data informed investigations of child and youth suicide: A science to service and service to science approach. J Safety Res 2024; 88:406-413. [PMID: 38485383 PMCID: PMC10940730 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2023.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide rates for children and adolescents have been increasing over the past 2 decades. In April 2023, the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) convened a two-day workshop to address child and youth suicide. PURPOSE The workshop focus was to discuss the state of the science and stimulate a collaborative response between researchers, death investigators, and data collection teams to build a science to service and service to science approach toward understanding - and ultimately preventing - this growing problem of child and youth suicide. HIGHLIGHTS Topics that meeting participants highlighted as worthy of further consideration for research and practice were: increasing awareness among death investigators, medical examiners, and coroners that child suicide deaths under age 10 years do occur and should be investigated and documented accordingly; emphasizing the value of science based protocols for child and youth death investigations to enhance consistency of approaches; and articulating needs for postvention services to suicide loss survivors. OUTCOMES The importance of collecting an accurate and complete cause and manner of death (i.e., unintentional, suicide, homicide, undetermined) among all child decedents, and demographic information such as race, ethnicity, and sexual/gender minority status was underscored as critical for enhanced surveillance. For prevention efforts, approaches to assessing and understanding suicidal thoughts and behaviors among diverse groups of children, and the variability in proximal and distal risk factors are needed to inform opportunities for preventive interventions for diverse communities. The need for consistent measures and processes to improve death investigations, fatality review committees, and coordination between data collection systems and agencies was also raised. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Collaborations among researchers, death investigators, and data collection teams can help to fully describe the child and youth suicide crisis and provide actionable information for new research, and prevention and response efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Colpe
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Mental Health, United States
| | - Janet M Blair
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, United States
| | - Rebecca Kurikeshu
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Mental Health, United States
| | - Karin A Mack
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, United States.
| | - Marcus Nashelsky
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, United States; University of Iowa, United States
| | - Stephen O'Connor
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Mental Health, United States
| | - Jane Pearson
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Mental Health, United States
| | - Diane Pilkey
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Health Resources and Services Administration, Maternal and Child Health Bureau, United States
| | - Margaret Warner
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, United States
| | - Brendan Weintraub
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Mental Health, United States
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86
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Tyler KA, Ray CM. PTSD Symptoms Among College Students: Linkages with Familial Risk, Borderline Personality, and Sexual Assault. J Child Sex Abus 2024; 33:127-145. [PMID: 38456682 PMCID: PMC11003306 DOI: 10.1080/10538712.2024.2326543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
College students have high rates of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms as well as high rates of sexual assault. What is less clear, however, is whether different sexual assault types (e.g. coercive, physically forced, and incapacitation) are associated with greater PTSD symptoms. Moreover, understanding early familial and mental health histories of college students is important for explaining PTSD symptoms. As such, we use a social stress framework to examine the relationships between early familial risk (i.e. child abuse, perceived maternal rejection), borderline personality (BP) symptoms, and three sexual assault types with PTSD symptoms among college students. A total of 783 undergraduate students (65.4% female) completed paper and pencil surveys in fall 2019 and spring 2020 at a large public university. Results revealed that females were more likely to experience child sexual abuse and all three forms of sexual assault, while males experienced higher rates of child physical abuse. OLS regression results showed positive associations between child sexual abuse, perceived maternal rejection, BP symptoms and all three types of sexual assault with PTSD symptoms. Females also experienced more PTSD symptoms compared to males. Findings have implications for targeted interventions to improve mental health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Colleen M. Ray
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
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87
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Cahill ME, Lozoya SB, Griffin MA, Blackstock A, Stockdale K, Cowman S, Graff R, Spear C, Carter K. Observed face mask use outside retail chain stores during the COVID-19 pandemic in two cities in the state of Idaho, USA. J Community Health 2024; 49:26-33. [PMID: 37314630 PMCID: PMC10719412 DOI: 10.1007/s10900-023-01241-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, public health authorities have encouraged the use of face masks to minimize transmission within the community. To assess mask wear during a COVID-19 surge and guide public health response efforts, including public messaging on mask recommendations, we compared observed mask use in the largest city in each of Idaho's 2 most populous counties, both without a current mask mandate. We recorded mask usage by every third person exiting stores of 5 retail chains in Boise and Nampa during November 8-December 5, 2021. Observations were conducted during three time periods (morning, afternoon, and evening) on weekday and weekend days. A multivariable model with city, retail chain, and city-chain interaction was used to assess mask wear differences by city for each chain. Of 3021 observed persons, 22.0% wore masks. In Boise, 31.3% (430/1376) of observed persons wore masks; in Nampa, 14.3% (236/1645) wore masks. Among all persons wearing masks, > 94% wore masks correctly; cloth and surgical masks were most common. By retail chain, observed individuals at Boise locations were 2.3-5.7 times as likely to wear masks than persons at respective Nampa locations. This study provided a rapid, nonconfrontational assessment of public use of mitigation measures in 2 Idaho cities during a COVID-19 surge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E Cahill
- Division of Public Health, Idaho Department of Health Welfare, Boise, ID, USA.
- Epidemic Intelligence Service, Division of Scientific Education and Professional Development, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Sujeith Barraza Lozoya
- Division of Public Health, Idaho Department of Health Welfare, Boise, ID, USA
- Public Health Associate Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Michelle A Griffin
- Division of Public Health, Idaho Department of Health Welfare, Boise, ID, USA
| | - Anna Blackstock
- Epidemiology Workforce Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | | | - Robert Graff
- Division of Public Health, Idaho Department of Health Welfare, Boise, ID, USA
| | | | - Kris Carter
- Division of Public Health, Idaho Department of Health Welfare, Boise, ID, USA
- Center for Preparedness and Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
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88
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Howley MM, Werler MM, Fisher SC, Tracy M, Van Zutphen AR, Papadopoulos EA, Hansen C, Ailes EC, Reefhuis J, Wood ME, Browne ML. Maternal exposure to zolpidem and risk of specific birth defects. J Sleep Res 2024; 33:e13958. [PMID: 37269133 PMCID: PMC10926928 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Zolpidem is a non-benzodiazepine agent indicated for treatment of insomnia. While zolpidem crosses the placenta, little is known about its safety in pregnancy. We assessed associations between self-reported zolpidem use 1 month before pregnancy through to the end of the third month ("early pregnancy") and specific birth defects using data from two multi-site case-control studies: National Birth Defects Prevention Study and Slone Epidemiology Center Birth Defects Study. Analysis included 39,711 birth defect cases and 23,035 controls without a birth defect. For defects with ≥ 5 exposed cases, we used logistic regression with Firth's penalised likelihood to estimate adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals, considering age at delivery, race/ethnicity, education, body mass index, parity, early-pregnancy antipsychotic, anxiolytic, antidepressant use, early-pregnancy opioid use, early-pregnancy smoking, and study as potential covariates. For defects with three-four exposed cases, we estimated crude odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Additionally, we explored differences in odds ratios using propensity score-adjustment and conducted a probabilistic bias analysis of exposure misclassification. Overall, 84 (0.2%) cases and 46 (0.2%) controls reported early-pregnancy zolpidem use. Seven defects had sufficient sample size to calculate adjusted odds ratios, which ranged from 0.76 for cleft lip to 2.18 for gastroschisis. Four defects had odds ratios > 1.8. All confidence intervals included the null. Zolpidem use was rare. We could not calculate adjusted odds ratios for most defects and estimates are imprecise. Results do not support a large increase in risk, but smaller increases in risk for certain defects cannot be ruled out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith M. Howley
- New York State Department of Health, Birth Defects Registry, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Martha M. Werler
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sarah C. Fisher
- New York State Department of Health, Birth Defects Registry, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Melissa Tracy
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University at Albany, Rensselaer, New York, USA
| | | | | | - Craig Hansen
- CDT Analytics, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Elizabeth C. Ailes
- Division of Birth Defects and Infant Disorders, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jennita Reefhuis
- Division of Birth Defects and Infant Disorders, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Mollie E. Wood
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Marilyn L. Browne
- New York State Department of Health, Birth Defects Registry, Albany, New York, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University at Albany, Rensselaer, New York, USA
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89
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Adams T, Miller K, Law M, Pitcher E, Chinpar B, White K, Deutsch-Feldman M, Li R, Filardo TD, Hernandez-Romieu AC, Schwartz NG, Haddad MB, Glowicz J. Systematic contact investigation: An essential infection prevention skill to prevent tuberculosis transmission in healthcare settings. Am J Infect Control 2024; 52:225-228. [PMID: 37355098 PMCID: PMC10739636 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2023.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
A systematic approach to contact investigations has long been a cornerstone of interrupting the transmission of tuberculosis in community settings. This paper describes the implementation of a systematic 10-step contact investigation within an acute care setting during a multistate outbreak of healthcare-associated tuberculosis. A systematic approach to contact investigations might have applicability to the prevention of other communicable infections within healthcare settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamasin Adams
- Infection Prevention, Employee Health and Wellness, Risk management, Lutheran Health Network, Fort Wayne, IN.
| | - Krystal Miller
- Infection Prevention, Employee Health and Wellness, Risk management, Lutheran Health Network, Fort Wayne, IN
| | - Michelle Law
- Infection Prevention, Employee Health and Wellness, Risk management, Lutheran Health Network, Fort Wayne, IN
| | | | - Biak Chinpar
- Allen County Department of Health, Fort Wayne, IN
| | - Kelly White
- Indiana Department of Health, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Molly Deutsch-Feldman
- Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA; Division of Tuberculosis Elimination, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Ruoran Li
- Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA; Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Thomas D Filardo
- Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA; Division of Tuberculosis Elimination, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Alfonso C Hernandez-Romieu
- Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA; Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Noah G Schwartz
- Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA; Division of Tuberculosis Elimination, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Maryam B Haddad
- Division of Tuberculosis Elimination, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Janet Glowicz
- Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
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90
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Suarthana E, Le Moual N, Lemière C, Bousquet J, Pierre S, Sousa-Pinto B, Afadiyanti Parfi A, Van Brussel P, Nassiri Kigloo H, Vandenplas O, Henneberger PK. Work-Related Asthma and Its Impact on Quality of Life and Work Productivity. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2024; 12:372-382.e2. [PMID: 37918649 PMCID: PMC10922585 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2023.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of work-related asthma (WRA) on quality of life (QoL) and work productivity remains largely neglected/uncertain despite its high prevalence. OBJECTIVE To investigate the association of WRA with QoL and work productivity as compared with subjects with non-WRA and those without asthma and rhinitis. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was carried out among workers during their periodic occupational health visit in Belgium. The Mini Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire, the 8-item Medical Outcome Study Short Form instrument, and the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment-General Health questionnaire were administered. Survey participants were divided into 3 groups: (1) WRA (current asthma with ≥2 respiratory symptoms at work; n = 89); (2) non-WRA (current asthma without work-related respiratory symptoms; n = 119); and (3) the reference group (no asthma and no lower respiratory, nasal, or eye symptoms; n = 815). Associations of QoL and work productivity with WRA were evaluated by multivariable regression analyses. RESULTS WRA and having poor asthma control were significantly associated with lower global Mini Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire scores compared with non-WRA. Asthmatic subjects had significantly lower physical and mental health component scores of the 8-item Medical Outcome Study Short Form instrument and overall work productivity compared with the reference group, with greater impairment in workers with WRA than in those without WRA. Moreover, workers with WRA had higher percentages of doctor visits and income reduction because of respiratory symptoms than those with non-WRA. Work-related rhinitis and depression were associated with reduced QoL, independent of the effect of WRA. CONCLUSIONS WRA should be managed comprehensively to reduce the worsening of QoL and work productivity of those affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Suarthana
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Research Centre, Centre Intégré Universitaire de santé et de services sociaux du Nord-de-l'île-de-Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Nicole Le Moual
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Univ Paris-Sud, INSERM, Equipe d'Epidémiologie Respiratoire Intégrative, CESP, Villejuif, France
| | - Catherine Lemière
- Research Centre, Centre Intégré Universitaire de santé et de services sociaux du Nord-de-l'île-de-Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jean Bousquet
- Institute of Allergology, Charite Universit€ atsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit€ at Berlin and Humboldt-Universtat zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Allergology and Immunology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephie Pierre
- Research Centre, Centre Intégré Universitaire de santé et de services sociaux du Nord-de-l'île-de-Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Bernardo Sousa-Pinto
- MEDCIDS-Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; CINTESIS-Center for Health Technology and Services Research, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; RISE-Health Research Network, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Alfi Afadiyanti Parfi
- Research Centre, Centre Intégré Universitaire de santé et de services sociaux du Nord-de-l'île-de-Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Philippe Van Brussel
- Service de Prévention et Protection au Travail-Centre de Service Interentreprises (CESI), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hormoz Nassiri Kigloo
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Olivier Vandenplas
- Department of Chest Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire UCL Namur, Université Catholique de Louvain, Yvoir, Belgium
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91
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Branham PJ, Cooper HC, Williamson YM, Najjar FN, Sutton WJH, Pierce-Ruiz CL, Barr JR, Williams TL. An antibody-free evaluation of an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine. Biologicals 2024; 85:101738. [PMID: 38096736 PMCID: PMC10961194 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2023.101738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
This manuscript describes the use of an analytical assay that combines transfection of mammalian cells and isotope dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS) for accurate quantification of antigen expression. Expired mRNA COVID-19 vaccine material was stored at 4 °C, room temperature (∼25 °C), and 56 °C over a period of 5 weeks. The same vaccine was also exposed to 5 freeze-thaw cycles. Every week, the spike protein antigenic expression in mammalian (BHK-21) cells was evaluated. Housekeeping proteins, β-actin and GAPDH, were simultaneously quantified to account for the variation in cell counts that occurs during maintenance and growth of cell cultures. Data show that vaccine stored at elevated temperatures results in reduced spike protein expression. Also, maintaining the vaccine in ultracold conditions or exposing the vaccine to freeze-thaw cycles had less effect on the vaccine's ability to produce the antigen in mammalian cells. We describe the use of IDMS as an antibody-free means to accurately quantify expressed protein from mammalian cells transfected with mRNA vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Branham
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA
| | - Hans C Cooper
- National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA
| | - Yulanda M Williamson
- National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA
| | - Fabio N Najjar
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA
| | - William J H Sutton
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA
| | - Carrie L Pierce-Ruiz
- National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA
| | - John R Barr
- National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA
| | - Tracie L Williams
- National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA.
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92
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Zerbo O, Bartlett J, Fireman B, Lewis N, Goddard K, Dooling K, Duffy J, Glanz J, Naleway A, Donahue JG, Klein NP. Effectiveness of Recombinant Zoster Vaccine Against Herpes Zoster in a Real-World Setting. Ann Intern Med 2024; 177:189-195. [PMID: 38190712 PMCID: PMC11001419 DOI: 10.7326/m23-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A 2-dose series of recombinant zoster vaccine (RZV) was 97% effective against herpes zoster (HZ) in a pivotal clinical trial. OBJECTIVE To evaluate real-world effectiveness of RZV against HZ. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING Four health care systems in the Vaccine Safety Datalink. PARTICIPANTS Persons aged 50 years or older. MEASUREMENTS The outcome was incident HZ defined by a diagnosis with an antiviral prescription. Cox regression was used to estimate the hazard of HZ in vaccinated persons compared with unvaccinated persons, with adjustment for covariates. Vaccine effectiveness (VE) was calculated as 1 minus the adjusted hazard ratio and was estimated by time since the last RZV dose and by corticosteroid use. RESULTS The study included nearly 2.0 million persons who contributed 7.6 million person-years of follow-up. After adjustment, VE of 1 dose was 64% and VE of 2 doses was 76%. After 1 dose only, VE was 70% during the first year, 45% during the second year, 48% during the third year, and 52% after the third year. After 2 doses, VE was 79% during the first year, 75% during the second year, and 73% during the third and fourth years. Vaccine effectiveness was 65% in persons who received corticosteroids before vaccination and 77% in those who did not. LIMITATION Herpes zoster could not be identified as accurately in these observational data as in the previous clinical trials. CONCLUSION Two doses of RZV were highly effective, although less effective than in the previous clinical trials. Two-dose effectiveness waned very little during the 4 years of follow-up. However, 1-dose effectiveness waned substantially after 1 year, underscoring the importance of the second dose. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ousseny Zerbo
- Vaccine Study Center, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California (O.Z., J.B., B.F., N.L., K.G., N.P.K.)
| | - Joan Bartlett
- Vaccine Study Center, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California (O.Z., J.B., B.F., N.L., K.G., N.P.K.)
| | - Bruce Fireman
- Vaccine Study Center, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California (O.Z., J.B., B.F., N.L., K.G., N.P.K.)
| | - Ned Lewis
- Vaccine Study Center, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California (O.Z., J.B., B.F., N.L., K.G., N.P.K.)
| | - Kristin Goddard
- Vaccine Study Center, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California (O.Z., J.B., B.F., N.L., K.G., N.P.K.)
| | - Kathleen Dooling
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia (K.D., J.D.)
| | - Jonathan Duffy
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia (K.D., J.D.)
| | - Jason Glanz
- Institute for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Colorado, Denver, Colorado (J.G.)
| | - Allison Naleway
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, Oregon (A.N.)
| | - James G Donahue
- Marshfield Clinic Research Institute, Marshfield, Wisconsin (J.G.D.)
| | - Nicola P Klein
- Vaccine Study Center, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California (O.Z., J.B., B.F., N.L., K.G., N.P.K.)
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93
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Peterson C, Aslam MV, Rice KL, Gupta N, Kearns MC. Systematic Review of Per Person Violence Costs. Am J Prev Med 2024; 66:342-350. [PMID: 37572854 PMCID: PMC10807464 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2023.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Data on the long-term and comprehensive cost of violence are essential for informed decision making regarding the future benefits of resources directed toward violence prevention. This review aimed to summarize original per-person estimates of the attributable cost of interpersonal violence to support public health economic research and decision making. METHODS In 2023, English-language peer-reviewed journal articles published in 2000-2022 with a focus on high-income countries reporting original per-person average cost of violence estimates were identified using index terms in multiple databases. Study contents, including violence type (e.g., adverse childhood experiences), timeline and payer cost perspective (e.g., hospitalization event-only healthcare payer cost), and associated per-person cost estimates, were summarized. Costs were in 2022 U.S. dollars. RESULTS Per-person cost estimates related to adverse childhood experiences, community violence, sexual violence, intimate partner violence, homicide, firearm violence, youth violence, workplace violence, and bullying from 73 studies (majority focusing on the U.S.) were summarized. For example, among 23 studies with a focus on adverse childhood experiences, monetary estimates ranged from $390 for adverse childhood experience-related annual healthcare out-of-pocket costs per U.S. adult with ≥3 adverse childhood experiences to $20.2 million for the lifetime societal economic burden of a U.S. child maltreatment fatality. CONCLUSIONS This review provides a descriptive summary of available per-person cost of violence estimates. Results can help public health professionals to describe the economic burden of violence, identify the best available estimate for a particular public health question, and address data gaps. Ultimately, understanding the long-term and comprehensive cost of violence is necessary to anticipate the economic benefits of prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cora Peterson
- National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
| | - Maria V Aslam
- National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Ketra L Rice
- National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Nupur Gupta
- National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Megan C Kearns
- National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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94
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Shi DS, McDonald E, Shah M, Groenewold MR, Haynes JM, Spencer BR, Stramer S, Feldstein LR, Saydah S, Jones J, Chiu SK, Rinsky JL. Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection among US blood donors by industry, May-December 2021. Am J Ind Med 2024; 67:169-173. [PMID: 38047323 PMCID: PMC10843782 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.23552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Work is a social determinant of health that is often overlooked. There are major work-related differences in the risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and death, but there have been few analyses of infection rates across industry groups. To date, only one national assessment of SARS-CoV-2 infection prevalence by industry based on self-report has been completed. No study has looked at seroprevalence of COVID-19 by industry. METHODS During May-December 2021, blood donors with SARS-CoV-2 antinucleocapsid testing were sent an electronic survey about their work. Free-text industry responses were classified using the North American Industry Classification System. We estimated seroprevalence and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of SARS-CoV-2 infection by industry. RESULTS Of 57,726 donors, 7040 (12%, 95% CI: 11.9%-12.5%) had prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. Seroprevalence was highest among Accommodation & Food Services (19.3%, 95% CI: 17.1%-21.6%), Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction (19.2%, 95% CI: 12.8%-27.8%), Healthcare & Social Assistance (15.6%, 95% CI: 14.9%-16.4%), and Construction (14.7%, 95% CI: 13.1%-16.3%). Seroprevalence was lowest among Management of Companies & Enterprises (6.5%, 95% CI: 3.5%-11.5%), Professional Scientific & Technical Services (8.4%, 95% CI: 7.7%-9.0%), and Information (9.9%, 95% CI: 8.5%-11.5%). CONCLUSIONS While workers in all industries had serologic evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection, certain sectors were disproportionately impacted. Disease surveillance systems should routinely collect work characteristics so public health and industry leaders can address health disparities using sector-specific policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dallas S. Shi
- Division of Field Studies and Engineering, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, OH
- Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Emily McDonald
- Division of Field Studies and Engineering, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Melisa Shah
- Coronaviruses and Other Respiratory Viruses Division, National Center for Immunizations and Respiratory Disease, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Matthew R. Groenewold
- Division of Field Studies and Engineering, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, OH
| | - James M. Haynes
- American Red Cross, Scientific Affairs, Dedham, MA and Rockville, MD
| | - Bryan R. Spencer
- American Red Cross, Scientific Affairs, Dedham, MA and Rockville, MD
| | - Susan Stramer
- American Red Cross, Scientific Affairs, Dedham, MA and Rockville, MD
| | - Leora R. Feldstein
- Coronaviruses and Other Respiratory Viruses Division, National Center for Immunizations and Respiratory Disease, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Sharon Saydah
- Coronaviruses and Other Respiratory Viruses Division, National Center for Immunizations and Respiratory Disease, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Jefferson Jones
- Coronaviruses and Other Respiratory Viruses Division, National Center for Immunizations and Respiratory Disease, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Sophia K. Chiu
- Division of Field Studies and Engineering, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Jessica L. Rinsky
- Division of Field Studies and Engineering, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, OH
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95
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Smid MC, Vaughn P, Nowicki CC, Goodman DA, Zaharatos J, Campbell KA. Consensus pregnancy-related criteria for suicide and unintentional overdoses using a Delphi process. Arch Womens Ment Health 2024; 27:109-125. [PMID: 37770631 PMCID: PMC11000257 DOI: 10.1007/s00737-023-01375-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Suicide and unintentional overdose are leading manners of preventable death during and within a year of pregnancy. Recently, the Utah Maternal Mortality Review Committee (MMRC) developed 10 criteria to guide pregnancy-related classification of these deaths. Our objective was to (1) evaluate if consensus could be reached across experts in maternal mortality review when applying criteria to the determination of pregnancy-relatedness in mock MMRC case evaluation and (2) assess how additional case information shifted participants' determination of pregnancy-relatedness in these mock cases. We used a modified Delphi process to evaluate criteria for pregnancy-related suicides and unintentional overdose. The study team developed base case scenarios to reflect the 10 proposed criteria. Base scenarios varied in timing of death (prenatal or delivery, early postpartum (<6 months), late postpartum (6-12 months)) and level of additional information available (e.g., informant interviews, social media posts). Consensus in favor of a criterion was met when ≥75% of participants identified a case as pregnancy-related in at least 1 scenario. Fifty-eight participants, representing 48 MMRCs, reviewed scenarios. Of 10 proposed criteria, 8 reached consensus. Overall, participants classified 19.4% of base case scenarios as pregnancy-related, which increased to 56.8% with additional information. Pregnancy-related classification changed across timing of death and with availability of additional information (prenatal or delivery 27.7% versus 84.6%; early postpartum 30.0% versus 58.3%; late postpartum 0.0% versus 25.0%, respectively). We identified consensus supporting the application of 8 standardized criteria in MMRC determinations of pregnancy-relatedness among suicide and unintentional overdose deaths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela C Smid
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
- Program for Addiction Research, Clinical Care, Knowledge and Advocacy (PARCKA), Division of Epidemiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
| | - Porcia Vaughn
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | - David A Goodman
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Julie Zaharatos
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kristine A Campbell
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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96
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Syamlal G, Kurth LM, Blackley DJ, Dodd KE, Mazurek JM. Sex Differences in COVID-19 Deaths, by Industry and Occupation, 2021. Am J Prev Med 2024; 66:226-234. [PMID: 37783282 PMCID: PMC10898242 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2023.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately impacted workers in certain industries and occupations. The infection risk for SARS-CoV-2 and future respiratory viruses in the workplace is a significant concern for workers, employers, and policymakers. This study describes the differences in COVID-19 mortality by sex and industry/occupation among working-age U.S. residents in 49 states and New York City. METHODS The 2021 National Vital Statistics System public use multiple-cause-of-death data for U.S. decedents aged 15-64 years (working age) with information on usual industry and occupation were analyzed in 2022. Age-standardized COVID-19 death rates for selected demographic characteristics and adjusted proportional mortality ratios were estimated by sex and usual industry and occupation. RESULTS In 2021, 133,596 (14.3%) U.S. decedents aged 15-64 years had COVID-19 listed as the underlying cause of death; the highest COVID-19 death rate was among persons aged 55-64 years (172.4 of 100,000 population) and males (65.5 of 100,000 population). Among males and females, American Indian or Alaskan Native and Black or African American, respectively, had the highest death rates. Hispanic males had higher age-adjusted death rates than Hispanic females. Working-age male decedents in the public administration (proportional mortality ratio=1.39) and management of companies and enterprises industries (proportional mortality ratio=1.39) and community and social services occupations (proportional mortality ratio=1.68) and female decedents in the utilities industry (proportional mortality ratio=1.20) and protective services occupation (proportional mortality ratio=1.18) had the highest proportional mortality ratios. CONCLUSIONS COVID-19 death rates and proportional mortality ratios varied by sex, industry, and occupation groups. These findings underscore the importance of workplace public health interventions, which could protect workers and their communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girija Syamlal
- Respiratory Health Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia.
| | - Laura M Kurth
- Respiratory Health Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - David J Blackley
- Respiratory Health Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Katelynn E Dodd
- Respiratory Health Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Jacek M Mazurek
- Respiratory Health Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia
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97
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Hershow RB, Worthington N, Adams M, McDonald R, Wilson S, McBee S, Balleydier S, Curran KG. A Qualitative Analysis of Barriers to Accessing HIV Prevention Services During an HIV Outbreak among Persons who Inject Drugs in West Virginia. AIDS Behav 2024; 28:669-681. [PMID: 38165598 PMCID: PMC10922593 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-023-04254-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
In response to an increase in HIV diagnoses among persons who inject drugs (PWID) in Kanawha County, West Virginia, West Virginia Bureau for Public Health and CDC conducted a qualitative assessment in Kanawha County to inform HIV outbreak response activities. Interviews with 26 PWID and 45 community partners were completed. Transcribed interviews were analyzed to identify barriers to accessing HIV prevention services among PWID using the risk environment framework. Participants identified numerous political, physical, social, and economic community-level barriers that influenced access to HIV prevention services among PWID. Political factors included low community support for syringe services programs (SSPs); physical factors included low SSP coverage, low coverage of HIV testing outreach events, low HIV preexposure prophylaxis availability, and homelessness; social factors included stigma and discrimination; economic factors included community beliefs that SSPs negatively affect economic investments and limited resources for HIV screening in clinical settings. Individual-level barriers included co-occurring acute medical conditions and mental illness. Community-level interventions, such as low-barrier one-stop shop models, are needed to increase access to sterile syringes through comprehensive harm reduction services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca B Hershow
- Division of HIV Prevention, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Nancy Worthington
- Division of Overdose Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Monica Adams
- Division of Viral Hepatitis, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Robert McDonald
- Division of STD Prevention, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Suzanne Wilson
- West Virginia Department of Health and Human Resources, West Virginia Bureau for Public Health, Charleston, WV, USA
| | - Shannon McBee
- West Virginia Department of Health and Human Resources, West Virginia Bureau for Public Health, Charleston, WV, USA
| | - Shawn Balleydier
- West Virginia Department of Health and Human Resources, West Virginia Bureau for Public Health, Charleston, WV, USA
| | - Kathryn G Curran
- Division of HIV Prevention, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
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98
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Baker W, Skillman M, Rocha L, Bayne A, Whitehouse S, Murphy E, Papanikolaou M, Caples M, Choudhary E. The impact of injury control research centers: Advancing the field of injury and violence prevention. J Safety Res 2024; 88:56-67. [PMID: 38485385 PMCID: PMC10957095 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2023.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) National Center for Injury Prevention and Control (NCIPC) funds Injury Control Research Centers (ICRCs). These centers study injury and violence prevention through three core areas: (1) Research conducts cutting-edge, multidisciplinary research in the injury and violence prevention field; (2) Outreach translates injury and violence prevention research into action; and (3) Training educates and trains the next generation of injury and violence prevention professionals. We examined ICRC work from 2012 to 2019 to determine whether they fulfilled their goal of furthering injury and violence prevention research and practice. METHODS We created a database of core area accomplishments reported through annual and interim progress reports. These reports track core area accomplishments by injury and violence prevention topic area, publications, partnerships, and trainings. RESULTS From 2012 to 2019, ten ICRCs from two funding cycles received approximately $49 million. ICRCs reported 703 research, 1,432 outreach, and 660 training accomplishments. There were also 342 accomplishments contributing to a special tool or resource. These accomplishments focused on preventing traumatic brain injury, suicide, adverse childhood experiences, and transportation safety. ICRCs produced over 3,500 peer-reviewed publications. ICRCs reported over 3,600 accomplishments partnered with academic institutions, public health agencies, healthcare, and non-profit organizations. ICRCs created resources for audiences such as students, law enforcement, and policy makers. ICRCs trained 3,131 students and faculty. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS ICRCs are the hubs of modern research and practice in the injury and violence prevention field. They successfully bring together stakeholders from disparate disciplines, perspectives, and agencies to join forces and tackle critical public health problems. CONCLUSION ICRCs are an integral component of NCIPC's, CDC's and the Department of Health and Human Service's missions to protect and enhance the health of Americans. Research covered NCIPC research priorities over the funding period, furthering injury and violence prevention research and working as a foundation to practice and policy. Outreach and partnerships with an array of organizations put research into action. Trainings educated the new generation of injury and violence prevention professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Will Baker
- Program Implementation and Evaluation Branch, Division of Injury Prevention, National Center for Injury Control and Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States.
| | | | | | - Alycia Bayne
- NORC at the University of Chicago, United States
| | | | | | | | - Marvin Caples
- Program Implementation and Evaluation Branch, Division of Injury Prevention, National Center for Injury Control and Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Ekta Choudhary
- Program Implementation and Evaluation Branch, Division of Injury Prevention, National Center for Injury Control and Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
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99
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Miller GF, Barnett SBL, Florence CS, McDavid Harrison K, Dahlberg LL, Mercy JA. Costs of Fatal and Nonfatal Firearm Injuries in the U.S., 2019 and 2020. Am J Prev Med 2024; 66:195-204. [PMID: 38010238 PMCID: PMC10843794 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2023.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Firearm-related injuries are among the five leading causes of death for people aged 1-44 years in the U.S. The immediate and long-term harms of firearm injuries pose an economic burden on society. Fatal and nonfatal firearm injury costs in the U.S. were estimated providing up-to-date economic burden estimates. METHODS Counts of nonfatal firearm injuries were obtained from the 2019-2020 Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Nationwide Emergency Department Sample. Data on nonfatal injury intent were obtained from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System - Firearm Injury Surveillance System. Counts of deaths (firearm as underlying cause) were obtained from the 2019-2020 multiple cause-of-death mortality data from the National Vital Statistics System. Analyses were conducted in 2023. RESULTS The total cost of firearm related injuries and deaths in the U.S. for 2020 was $493.2 billion, a 16 percent increase compared with 2019. There are significant disparities in the cost of firearm deaths in 2019-2020, with non-Hispanic Black people, males, and young and middle-aged groups being the most affected. CONCLUSIONS Most of the nonfatal firearm injury-related costs are attributed to hospitalization. These findings highlight the racial/ethnic differences in fatal firearm injuries and the disproportionate cost burden to urban areas. Addressing this important public health problem can help ameliorate the costs to our society from the rising rates of firearm injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle F Miller
- Division of Injury Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
| | - Sarah Beth L Barnett
- Division of Injury Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Curtis S Florence
- Division of Injury Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Kathleen McDavid Harrison
- Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Linda L Dahlberg
- Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - James A Mercy
- Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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Tang S, Bowen DA, Chadwick L, Madden E, Ghertner R. Are Home Evictions Associated with Child Welfare System Involvement? Empirical Evidence from National Eviction Records and Child Protective Services Data. Child Maltreat 2024; 29:66-81. [PMID: 36112918 PMCID: PMC10178375 DOI: 10.1177/10775595221125917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to understand the relationship between home eviction and child welfare system involvement at the county level. Using administrative data, we examined associations of home eviction and eviction filing rates with child abuse and neglect (CAN) reports and foster care entries. We found one additional eviction per 100 renter-occupied homes in a county was associated with a 1.3% increase in the rate of CAN reports and a 1.6% increase in foster care entries. The association between eviction and foster care entries was strongest among Hispanic children with an 8.1% increase. Assisting parents in providing stable housing may reduce the risk of child welfare system involvement, including out-of-home child placement. Primary and secondary prevention strategies could include housing assistance, increasing access to affordable and safe housing, as well as providing economic support for families (e.g., tax credits, childcare subsidies) that reduce parental financial burden to access stable housing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shichao Tang
- Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Daniel A Bowen
- Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Laura Chadwick
- Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Emily Madden
- Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Robin Ghertner
- Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, DC, USA
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