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Wang P, Wang Y, Hu Y, Chen Z, Han L, Zhu W, Tian B, Fang A, Yang Y, Bi C, Yu Y. Plant hypersensitive induced reaction protein facilitates cell death induced by secreted xylanase associated with the pathogenicity of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Plant J 2024; 118:90-105. [PMID: 38113332 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Necrotrophic fungal plant pathogens employ cell death-inducing proteins (CDIPs) to facilitate infection. However, the specific CDIPs and their mechanisms in pathogenic processes of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, a necrotrophic pathogen that causes disease in many economically important crop species, have not yet been clearly defined. This study found that S. sclerotiorum secretes SsXyl2, a glycosyl hydrolase family 11 xylanase, at the late stage of hyphal infection. SsXyl2 targets the apoplast of host plants to induce cell death independent of xylanase activity. Targeted disruption of SsXyl2 leads to serious impairment of virulence, which can be recovered by a catalytically impaired SsXyl2 variant, thus supporting the critical role of cell death-inducing activity of SsXyl2 in establishing successful colonization of S. sclerotiorum. Remarkably, infection by S. sclerotiorum induces the accumulation of Nicotiana benthamiana hypersensitive-induced reaction protein 2 (NbHIR2). NbHIR2 interacts with SsXyl2 at the plasma membrane and promotes its localization to the cell membrane and cell death-inducing activity. Furthermore, gene-edited mutants of NbHIR2 displayed increased resistance to the wild-type strain of S. sclerotiorum, but not to the SsXyl2-deletion strain. Hence, SsXyl2 acts as a CDIP that manipulates host cell physiology by interacting with hypersensitive induced reaction protein to facilitate colonization by S. sclerotiorum. These findings provide valuable insights into the pathogenic mechanisms of CDIPs in necrotrophic pathogens and lead to a more promising approach for breeding resistant crops against S. sclerotiorum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yabo Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yawen Hu
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Ziyang Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Lili Han
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Wenjun Zhu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430023, China
| | - Binnian Tian
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Anfei Fang
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yuheng Yang
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Chaowei Bi
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yang Yu
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
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Yescas-Zazueta V, Rocha-Gracia RDC, González-Bonilla CR, Ayala-Zavala JF, Enciso-Martínez Y, Carreón-León EA, González Corona BA, Valencia D, Ballesteros-Monrreal MG, Barrios-Villa E. Resistance phenotype and virulence potential of Leclercia adecarboxylata strains isolated from different sources. Microbiology (Reading) 2024; 170. [PMID: 38661713 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.001457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Introduction. Leclercia adecarboxylata is a member of Enterobacterales, often considered an opportunistic pathogen. Recent reports have highlighted L. adecarboxylata as an emerging pathogen harbouring virulence and resistance determinants.Gap statement. Little information exists on virulence and resistance determinants in L. adecarboxylata strains isolated from environmental, food, and clinical samples.Aim. To determine the presence of resistance and virulence determinants and plasmid features in L. adecarboxylata strains isolated from environmental, food, and clinical samples, as well as their phylogenetic relationship.Results. All strains tested showed resistance to β-lactams and quinolones but were sensitive to aminoglycosides and nitrofurans. However, even though fosfomycin resistance is considered a characteristic trait of L. adecarboxylata, the resistance phenotype was only observed in 50 % of the strains; bla TEM was the most prevalent BLEE gene (70 %), while the quinolone qnrB gene was observed in 60 % of the strains. Virulence genes were differentially observed in the strains, with adhesion-related genes being the most abundant, followed by toxin genes. Finally, all strains carried one to seven plasmid bands ranging from 7 to 125 kbps and harboured several plasmid addiction systems, such as ParDE, VagCD, and CcdAB in 80 % of the strains.Conclusions. L. adecarboxylata is an important emerging pathogen that may harbour resistance and virulence genes. Additionally, it has mobilizable genetic elements that may contribute to the dissemination of genetic determinants to other bacterial genera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Yescas-Zazueta
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Sonora, campus Caborca, Av. Universidad e Irigoyen S/N, 83621 H. Caborca, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Rosa Del Carmen Rocha-Gracia
- Posgrado en Microbiología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Microbiológicas, Instituto de Ciencias Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Av. San Claudio S/N, 72570 Puebla, Mexico
| | - Cesar R González-Bonilla
- Posgrado en Microbiología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Microbiológicas, Instituto de Ciencias Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Av. San Claudio S/N, 72570 Puebla, Mexico
| | - J Fernando Ayala-Zavala
- Coordinación de Tecnología de Alimentos de Origen Vegetal, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C., 83304 Hermosillo, Mexico
| | - Yessica Enciso-Martínez
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Sonora, campus Caborca, Av. Universidad e Irigoyen S/N, 83621 H. Caborca, Sonora, Mexico
- Coordinación de Tecnología de Alimentos de Origen Vegetal, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C., 83304 Hermosillo, Mexico
| | - Eder A Carreón-León
- Laboratorio de Análisis Clínicos de la Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Av. Universidad S/N, Circuito Universitario Campus 1, 31310 Chihuahua, Mexico
| | - Brigitte A González Corona
- Laboratorio de Análisis Clínicos de la Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Av. Universidad S/N, Circuito Universitario Campus 1, 31310 Chihuahua, Mexico
| | - Dora Valencia
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Sonora, campus Caborca, Av. Universidad e Irigoyen S/N, 83621 H. Caborca, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Manuel G Ballesteros-Monrreal
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Sonora, campus Caborca, Av. Universidad e Irigoyen S/N, 83621 H. Caborca, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Edwin Barrios-Villa
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Sonora, campus Caborca, Av. Universidad e Irigoyen S/N, 83621 H. Caborca, Sonora, Mexico
- Posgrado en Microbiología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Microbiológicas, Instituto de Ciencias Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Av. San Claudio S/N, 72570 Puebla, Mexico
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Manders T, Benedictus L, Spaninks M, Matthijs M. Enterococcus cecorum lesion strains are less sensitive to the hostile environment of albumen and more resistant to lysozyme compared to cloaca strains. Avian Pathol 2024; 53:106-114. [PMID: 38073364 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2023.2286985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS Egg albumen inhibits Enterococcus cecorum cloaca strains more than lesion strains.Enterococcus cecorum lesion strains are resistant to high concentrations of lysozyme.Lysozyme resistance could enhance survival in albumen and body fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thijs Manders
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Population Health Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Lindert Benedictus
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Population Health Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Mirlin Spaninks
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Population Health Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Mieke Matthijs
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Population Health Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Chowdhury G, Debnath F, Bardhan M, Deb AK, Bhuina R, Bhattacharjee S, Mondal K, Kitahara K, Miyoshi SI, Dutta S, Mukhopadhyay AK. Foodborne Outbreak by Salmonella enterica Serovar Weltevreden in West Bengal, India. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2024; 21:220-227. [PMID: 38190304 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2023.0064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Foodborne gastroenteritis outbreaks owing to Salmonella enterica serovar Weltevreden (Salmonella Weltevreden) represent a significant global public health problem. In the past two decades, Salmonella Weltevreden has emerged as a dominant foodborne pathogen, especially in South-East Asian countries. This report describes a community foodborne outbreak of gastroenteritis caused by Salmonella Weltevreden in August 2022 following consumption of panipuri from a street vendor in the Polba block in Hooghly district, West Bengal, India. This food item was consumed by 185 people, of whom 129 had acute watery diarrhea with other clinical symptoms and 65 of them were admitted to different District hospitals for treatment. Stool specimens collected from hospitalized cases were positive for S. enterica, and further serotyped as Salmonella Weltevreden. All the Salmonella Weltevreden strains possessed the Salmonella pathogenicity islands associated genes (invA/E, orgA, ttrc, ssaQ, mgtC, misL, spi4D), the enterotoxin (stn), and hyperinvasive locus gene (hilA). Except erythromycin, all the strains were susceptible for commonly used antimicrobials in the treatment of diarrhea. The XbaI-based pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis indicated that all the isolates responsible for the recent outbreak were similar, but diverged from other Salmonella Weltevreden that were previously reported in West Bengal. This report indicates that foodborne infection is a major public health concern in India and demands to strengthen capacity-building measures at the local health care levels for linking causative agents of outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goutam Chowdhury
- Department of Bacteriology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
- Department of Collaborative Research Centre of Okayama University for Infectious Diseases, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Falguni Debnath
- Department of Epidemiology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Mainak Bardhan
- Department of Bacteriology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Alok Kumar Deb
- Department of Epidemiology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Rama Bhuina
- Department of Health and Family Welfare, Government of West Bengal, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Sudipta Bhattacharjee
- Department of Health and Family Welfare, Government of West Bengal, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Koushik Mondal
- Department of Health and Family Welfare, Government of West Bengal, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Kei Kitahara
- Department of Collaborative Research Centre of Okayama University for Infectious Diseases, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Shin-Ichi Miyoshi
- Department of Collaborative Research Centre of Okayama University for Infectious Diseases, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
- Department of Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shanta Dutta
- Department of Bacteriology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Asish K Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Bacteriology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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Silao FGS, Valeriano VD, Uddström E, Falconer E, Ljungdahl PO. Diverse mechanisms control amino acid-dependent environmental alkalization by Candida albicans. Mol Microbiol 2024; 121:696-716. [PMID: 38178569 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.15216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Candida albicans has the capacity to neutralize acidic growth environments by releasing ammonia derived from the catabolism of amino acids. The molecular components underlying alkalization and its physiological significance remain poorly understood. Here, we present an integrative model with the cytosolic NAD+-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase (Gdh2) as the principal ammonia-generating component. We show that alkalization is dependent on the SPS-sensor-regulated transcription factor STP2 and the proline-responsive activator Put3. These factors function in parallel to derepress GDH2 and the two proline catabolic enzymes PUT1 and PUT2. Consistently, a double mutant lacking STP2 and PUT3 exhibits a severe alkalization defect that nearly phenocopies that of a gdh2-/- strain. Alkalization is dependent on mitochondrial activity and in wild-type cells occurs as long as the conditions permit respiratory growth. Strikingly, Gdh2 levels decrease and cells transiently extrude glutamate as the environment becomes more alkaline. Together, these processes constitute a rudimentary regulatory system that counters and limits the negative effects associated with ammonia generation. These findings align with Gdh2 being dispensable for virulence, and based on a whole human blood virulence assay, the same is true for C. glabrata and C. auris. Using a transwell co-culture system, we observed that the growth and proliferation of Lactobacillus crispatus, a common component of the acidic vaginal microenvironment and a potent antagonist of C. albicans, is unaffected by fungal-induced alkalization. Consequently, although Candida spp. can alkalinize their growth environments, other fungal-associated processes are more critical in promoting dysbiosis and virulent fungal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fitz Gerald S Silao
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Science for Life Laboratory (SciLifeLab), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Valerie Diane Valeriano
- Centre for Translational Microbiome Research (CTMR), Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden
| | - Erika Uddström
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Science for Life Laboratory (SciLifeLab), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emilie Falconer
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Science for Life Laboratory (SciLifeLab), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per O Ljungdahl
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Science for Life Laboratory (SciLifeLab), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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Turton JF, Perry C, McGowan K, Turton JA, Hope R. Klebsiella pneumoniae sequence type 147: a high-risk clone increasingly associated with plasmids carrying both resistance and virulence elements. J Med Microbiol 2024; 73. [PMID: 38629482 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction. The first hybrid resistance/virulence plasmid, combining elements from virulence plasmids described in hypervirulent types of Klebsiella pneumoniae with those from conjugative resistance plasmids, was described in an isolate of sequence type (ST) 147 from 2016. Subsequently, this type has been increasingly associated with these plasmids.Hypothesis or gap statement. The extent of carriage of hybrid virulence/resistance plasmids in nosocomial isolates of K. pneumoniae requires further investigation.Aim. To describe the occurrence of virulence/resistance plasmids among isolates of K. pneumoniae received by the UK reference laboratory, particularly among representatives of ST147, and to compare their sequences.Methodology. Isolates received by the laboratory during 2022 and the first half of 2023 (n=1278) were screened for virulence plasmids by PCR detection of rmpA/rmpA2 and typed by variable-number tandem repeat analysis. Twenty-nine representatives of ST147 (including a single-locus variant) from seven hospital laboratories were subjected to long-read nanopore sequencing using high-accuracy q20 chemistry to provide complete assemblies.Results. rmpA/rmpA2 were detected in 110 isolates, of which 59 belonged to hypervirulent K1-ST23, K2-ST86 and K2-ST65/375. Of the remainder, representatives of ST147 formed the largest group, with 22 rmpA/rmpA2-positive representatives (out of 47 isolates). Representatives were from 19 hospital laboratories, with rmpA/rmpA2-positive isolates from 10. Nanopore sequencing of 29 representatives of ST147 divided them into those with no virulence plasmid (n=12), those with non-New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM) virulence plasmids (n=6) and those carrying bla NDM-5 (n=9) or bla NDM-1 (n=2) virulence plasmids. These plasmids were of IncFIB(pNDM-Mar)/IncHI1B(pNDM-MAR) replicon types. Most of the non-NDM virulence plasmids were highly similar to the originally described KpvST147L_NDM plasmid. Those carrying bla NDM-5 were highly similar to one another and to previously described plasmids in ST383 and carried an extensive array of resistance genes. Comparison of the fully assembled chromosomes indicated multiple introductions of ST147 in UK hospitals.Conclusion. This study highlights the high proportion of representatives of ST147 that carry IncFIB(pNDM-Mar)/IncHI1B(pNDM-MAR) hybrid resistance virulence plasmids. It is important to be aware of the high probability that representatives of this type carry these plasmids combining resistance and virulence determinants and of the consequent increased risk to patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane F Turton
- HealthCare Associated Infections, Fungal, Antimicrobial Resistance, Antimicrobial Use and Sepsis Division, UK Health Security Agency, 61, Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5HT, UK
| | - Claire Perry
- Public Health Microbiology, UK Health Security Agency, 61, Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5HT, UK
| | - Kim McGowan
- Public Health Microbiology, UK Health Security Agency, 61, Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5HT, UK
| | - Jack A Turton
- HealthCare Associated Infections, Fungal, Antimicrobial Resistance, Antimicrobial Use and Sepsis Division, UK Health Security Agency, 61, Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5HT, UK
| | - Russell Hope
- HealthCare Associated Infections, Fungal, Antimicrobial Resistance, Antimicrobial Use and Sepsis Division, UK Health Security Agency, 61, Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5HT, UK
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Zhang Y, Zhu M, Wang H, Yu G, Guo A, Ren W, Li B, Liu N. The Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Hog1 Regulates Fungal Development, Pathogenicity, and Stress Response in Botryosphaeria dothidea. Phytopathology 2024; 114:725-731. [PMID: 37889135 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-07-23-0260-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
The high-osmolarity glycerol mitogen-activated protein kinase (HOG-MAPK) pathway plays a central role in environmental stress adaptation in eukaryotes. However, the biological function of the HOG-MAPK pathway varies in different fungi. In this study, we investigated the HOG-MAPK pathway by inactivation of the core element Hog1 in Botryosphaeria dothidea, the causal agent of Botryosphaeria canker and apple ring rot. Targeted deletion of BdHOG1 resulted in the loss of conidiation ability and significant reduction of virulence. In addition, the ΔBdHog1 mutant exhibited hypersensitivity to osmotic stress but resistance to phenylpyrrole and dicarboximide fungicides. Comparative transcriptome analysis revealed that inactivation of BdHog1 influenced multiple metabolic pathways in B. dothidea. Taken together, our results suggest that BdHog1 plays a crucial role in development, virulence, and stress tolerance in B. dothidea, which provides a theoretical basis for the development of target-based fungicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Shandong Province, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Meiqi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Shandong Province, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Hongna Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Shandong Province, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Guolei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Shandong Province, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Anqi Guo
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Shandong Province, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Weichao Ren
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Shandong Province, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Baohua Li
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Shandong Province, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Na Liu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Shandong Province, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
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Toh YH, Lin GH. Roles of DJ41_1407 and DJ41_1408 in Acinetobacter baumannii ATCC19606 Virulence and Antibiotic Response. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3862. [PMID: 38612672 PMCID: PMC11011904 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is a major cause of nosocomial infections, and its highly adaptive nature and broad range of antibiotic resistance enable it to persist in hospital environments. A. baumannii often employs two-component systems (TCSs) to regulate adaptive responses and virulence-related traits. This study describes a previously uncharacterized TCS in the A. baumannii ATCC19606 strain, consisting of a transcriptional sensor, DJ41_1407, and its regulator, DJ41_1408, located adjacent to GacA of the GacSA TCS. Markerless mutagenesis was performed to construct DJ41_1407 and DJ41_1408 single and double mutants. DJ41_1408 was found to upregulate 49 genes and downregulate 43 genes, most of which were associated with carbon metabolism and other metabolic pathways, such as benzoate degradation. MEME analysis revealed a putative binding box for DJ41_1408, 5'TGTAAATRATTAYCAWTWAT3'. Colony size, motility, biofilm-forming ability, virulence, and antibiotic resistance of DJ41_1407 and DJ41_1408 single and double mutant strains were assessed against wild type. DJ41_1407 was found to enhance motility, while DJ41_1408 was found to upregulate biofilm-forming ability, and may also modulate antibiotic response. Both DJ41_1407 and DJ41_1408 suppressed virulence, based on results from a G. mellonella infection assay. These results showcase a novel A. baumannii TCS involved in metabolism, with effects on motility, biofilm-forming ability, virulence, and antibiotic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yee-Huan Toh
- Master Program in Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970374, Taiwan;
| | - Guang-Huey Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970374, Taiwan
- International College, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970374, Taiwan
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Moussart A, Lavaud C, Onfroy C, Leprévost T, Pilet-Nayel ML, Le May C. Pathotype characterization of Aphanomyces euteiches isolates collected from pea breeding nurseries. Front Plant Sci 2024; 15:1332976. [PMID: 38606076 PMCID: PMC11007135 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1332976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Aphanomyces euteiches Drechsler is an oomycete pathogen that affects legume crops, causing root rot, a severe disease of peas (Pisum sativum L.) worldwide. While significant research progress has been made in breeding pea-resistant varieties, there is still a need for a deeper understanding of the diversity of pathogen populations present in breeding nurseries located in various legume-growing regions around the world. Methods We analysed the diversity of 51 pea-infecting isolates of A. euteiches, which were recovered from four American (Athena, OR; Le Sueur, MN; Mount Vernon, WA; Pullman, WA) and three French (Riec-sur-Belon, Templeux-le-Guérard, Dijon) resistance screening nurseries. Our study focused on evaluating their aggressiveness on two sets of differential hosts, comprising six pea lines and five Medicago truncatula accessions. Results The isolates clustered into three groups based on their aggressiveness on the whole pea set, confirming the presence of pathotypes I and III. Pathotype I was exclusive to French isolates and American isolates from Athena and Pullman, while all isolates from Le Sueur belonged to pathotype III. Isolates from both pathotypes were found in Mount Vernon. The M. truncatula set clustered the isolates into three groups based on their aggressiveness on different genotypes within the set, revealing the presence of five pathotypes. All the isolates from the French nurseries shared the same Fr pathotype, showing higher aggressiveness on one particular genotype. In contrast, nearly all-American isolates were assigned to four other pathotypes (Us1, Us2, Us3, Us4), differing in their higher aggressiveness on two to five genotypes. Most of American isolates exhibited higher aggressiveness than French isolates within the M. truncatula set, but showed lower aggressiveness than French isolates within the P. sativum set. Discussion These results provide valuable insights into A. euteiches pathotypes, against which the QTL and sources of resistance identified in these nurseries displayed effectiveness. They also suggest a greater adaptation of American isolates to alfalfa, a more widely cultivated host in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Clément Lavaud
- IGEPP, INRAE, Institut Agro, Univ Rennes, Le Rheu, France
| | | | - Théo Leprévost
- IGEPP, INRAE, Institut Agro, Univ Rennes, Le Rheu, France
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Kim H, Kim MH, Choi UL, Chung MS, Yun CH, Shim Y, Oh J, Lee S, Lee GW. Molecular and Phenotypic Investigation on Antibacterial Activities of Limonene Isomers and Its Oxidation Derivative against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 34:562-569. [PMID: 38247219 PMCID: PMC11016764 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2311.11016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) causes a devastating bacterial leaf blight in rice. Here, the antimicrobial effects of D-limonene, L-limonene, and its oxidative derivative carveol against Xoo were investigated. We revealed that carveol treatment at ≥ 0.1 mM in liquid culture resulted in significant decrease in Xoo growth rate (> 40%) in a concentration-dependent manner, and over 1 mM, no growth was observed. The treatment with D-limonene and L-limonene also inhibited the Xoo growth but to a lesser extent compared to carveol. These results were further elaborated with the assays of motility, biofilm formation and xanthomonadin production. The carveol treatment over 1 mM caused no motilities, basal level of biofilm formation (< 10%), and significantly reduced xanthomonadin production. The biofilm formation after the treatment with two limonene isomers was decreased in a concentration-dependent manner, but the degree of the effect was not comparable to carveol. In addition, there was negligible effect on the xanthomonadin production mediated by the treatment of two limonene isomers. Field emission-scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) unveiled that all three compounds used in this study cause severe ultrastructural morphological changes in Xoo cells, showing shrinking, shriveling, and holes on their surface. Moreover, quantitative real-time PCR revealed that carveol and D-limonene treatment significantly down-regulated the expression levels of genes involved in virulence and biofilm formation of Xoo, but not with L-limonene. Together, we suggest that limonenes and carveol will be the candidates of interest in the development of biological pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeonbin Kim
- Green-Bio Division, Jeonju AgroBio-Materials Institute, Jeonju 54810, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Hee Kim
- Green-Bio Division, Jeonju AgroBio-Materials Institute, Jeonju 54810, Republic of Korea
| | - Ui-Lim Choi
- Green-Bio Division, Jeonju AgroBio-Materials Institute, Jeonju 54810, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon-Soo Chung
- Division of Radiation Biotechnology, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Ho Yun
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngkun Shim
- Microzyme Co., Ltd. Research and Development Department, Damyang-gun, Jeollanam-do 57385, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaejun Oh
- Microzyme Co., Ltd. Research and Development Department, Damyang-gun, Jeollanam-do 57385, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungbeom Lee
- Division of Radiation Biotechnology, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup 56212, Republic of Korea
- Department of Radiation Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Gun Woong Lee
- Green-Bio Division, Jeonju AgroBio-Materials Institute, Jeonju 54810, Republic of Korea
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Chen Y, Yao Z, Zhao L, Yu M, Chen B, Zou C. Redundant and Distinct Roles of Two 14-3-3 Proteins in Fusarium sacchari, Pathogen of Sugarcane Pokkah Boeng Disease. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:257. [PMID: 38667928 PMCID: PMC11051555 DOI: 10.3390/jof10040257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Fusarium sacchari, a key pathogen of sugarcane, is responsible for the Pokkah boeng disease (PBD) in China. The 14-3-3 proteins have been implicated in critical developmental processes, including dimorphic transition, signal transduction, and carbon metabolism in various phytopathogenic fungi. However, their roles are poorly understood in F. sacchari. This study focused on the characterization of two 14-3-3 protein-encoding genes, FsBmh1 and FsBmh2, within F. sacchari. Both genes were found to be expressed during the vegetative growth stage, yet FsBmh1 was repressed at the sporulation stage in vitro. To elucidate the functions of these genes, the deletion mutants ΔFsBmh1 and ΔFsBmh2 were generated. The ΔFsBmh2 exhibited more pronounced phenotypic defects, such as impaired hyphal branching, septation, conidiation, spore germination, and colony growth, compared to the ΔFsBmh1. Notably, both knockout mutants showed a reduction in virulence, with transcriptome analysis revealing changes associated with the observed phenotypes. To further investigate the functional interplay between FsBmh1 and FsBmh2, we constructed and analyzed mutants with combined deletion and silencing (ΔFsBmh/siFsBmh) as well as overexpression (O-FsBmh). The combinations of ΔFsBmh1/siFsBmh2 or ΔFsBmh2/siFsBmh1 displayed more severe phenotypes than those with single allele deletions, suggesting a functional redundancy between the two 14-3-3 proteins. Yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) assays identified 20 proteins with pivotal roles in primary metabolism or diverse biological functions, 12 of which interacted with both FsBmh1 and FsBmh2. Three proteins were specifically associated with FsBmh1, while five interacted exclusively with FsBmh2. In summary, this research provides novel insights into the roles of FsBmh1 and FsBmh2 in F. sacchari and highlights potential targets for PBD management through the modulation of FsBmh functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuejia Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Ministry & Province Co-Sponsored Center of Collaborative Innovation for Sugarcane Industry, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (Y.C.); (M.Y.)
| | - Ziting Yao
- Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agriculture Science, Nanning 530007, China;
| | - Lixian Zhao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China;
| | - Mei Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Ministry & Province Co-Sponsored Center of Collaborative Innovation for Sugarcane Industry, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (Y.C.); (M.Y.)
| | - Baoshan Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Ministry & Province Co-Sponsored Center of Collaborative Innovation for Sugarcane Industry, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (Y.C.); (M.Y.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China;
| | - Chengwu Zou
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Ministry & Province Co-Sponsored Center of Collaborative Innovation for Sugarcane Industry, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (Y.C.); (M.Y.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China;
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Lee J, Hwang JH, Yeom JH, Lee S, Hwang JH. Analysis of virulence profiles in clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae from renal abscesses: clinical significance of hypervirulent isolates. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1367111. [PMID: 38606296 PMCID: PMC11007163 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1367111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Klebsiella pneumoniae can cause a wide range of infections. Hypervirulent K. pneumoniae (hvKp), particularly associated with the K1 and K2 capsular types, is an increasingly significant microorganism with the potential to cause invasive infections, including renal abscesses. Despite the rising prevalence of hvKp infections, information on renal abscesses caused by K. pneumoniae is limited, and the clinical significance of hvKp associated with specific virulence genes remains elusive. Methods This study performed at a 1200-bed tertiary hospital sought to identify the clinical and microbiological characteristics of renal abscesses caused by K. pneumoniae, focusing on various virulence genes, including capsular serotypes and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Results Over an 8-year period, 64 patients with suspected renal abscesses were reviewed. Ten patients diagnosed with K. pneumoniae-related renal abscesses were ultimately enrolled in the study. Among the isolates from the 10 patients, capsular serotype K2 was predominant (40.0%), followed by K1 (30.0%). The most common sequence type by MLST was 23 (40.0%). In particular, six patients (60.0%) harbored specific genes indicative of hvKp: iucA, peg-344, rmpA, and rmpA2. Conclusions Our findings highlight the importance of hvKp as a pathogen in renal abscesses. Although the nature of hvKp is relatively unknown, it is widely recognized as a highly virulent pathogen that can infect relatively healthy individuals of various ages and simultaneously cause infections at multiple anatomical sites. Therefore, when treating patients with K. pneumoniae-related renal abscesses, caution is necessary when considering the characteristics of hvKp, such as potential bacteremia, multi-organ abscess formation, and metastatic spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaehyeon Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University—Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hwan Hwang
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University—Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Yeom
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University—Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sik Lee
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University—Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Hee Hwang
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University—Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
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Tepa-Yotto GT, Douro-Kpindou OK, Koussihouédé PSB, Adjaoké AM, Winsou JK, Tognigban G, Tamò M. Control Potential of Multiple Nucleopolyhedrovirus (SfMNPV) Isolated from Fall Armyworm in Nigeria (West Africa). Insects 2024; 15:225. [PMID: 38667355 PMCID: PMC11049893 DOI: 10.3390/insects15040225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The fall armyworm (FAW) Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) has now become an invasive pest of global concern. The pest was first detected in Central and Western Africa in early 2016. Sustainable management options explored by stakeholders during early FAW invasion in Africa included the use of biopesticides and biological control. The current study aimed to compare the susceptibility of FAW larvae to SfMNPV with the assumption that the virus isolated from FAW populations in Africa has higher virulence compared with an isolate from Argentina (SfMNPV-ARG). We also hypothesized that host plant plays a role in SfMNPV efficacy and that cannibalism mediates horizontal and vertical transmission of the virus. This work provides pioneering data on the virulence of the new SfMNPV isolate from Nigeria (SfMNPV-KA1), which proved more effective than its exotic counterpart from Argentina (SfMNPV-ARG). The host plant effect made a significant difference between maize and onion with more FAW death in the larvae fed with contaminated onion 5 days post treatment. The study demonstrates and discusses the effect of cannibalism on virus transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghislain T. Tepa-Yotto
- Biorisk Management Facility (BIMAF), International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA-Benin), Cotonou 08-01000, Benin; (O.K.D.-K.); (P.S.B.K.); (J.K.W.); (M.T.)
- Ecole de Gestion et de Production Végétale et Semencière (EGPVS), Université Nationale d’Agriculture (UNA), Kétou 43, Benin
| | - Ouorou Kobi Douro-Kpindou
- Biorisk Management Facility (BIMAF), International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA-Benin), Cotonou 08-01000, Benin; (O.K.D.-K.); (P.S.B.K.); (J.K.W.); (M.T.)
| | - Précieux Sèna Bonaventure Koussihouédé
- Biorisk Management Facility (BIMAF), International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA-Benin), Cotonou 08-01000, Benin; (O.K.D.-K.); (P.S.B.K.); (J.K.W.); (M.T.)
| | - Abissi Marc Adjaoké
- Ecole Doctorale des Sciences Agronomiques et de l’Eau (EDSAE), Université Nationale d’Agriculture (UNA), Kétou 43, Benin; (A.M.A.); (G.T.)
| | - Jeannette K. Winsou
- Biorisk Management Facility (BIMAF), International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA-Benin), Cotonou 08-01000, Benin; (O.K.D.-K.); (P.S.B.K.); (J.K.W.); (M.T.)
| | - Ghislain Tognigban
- Ecole Doctorale des Sciences Agronomiques et de l’Eau (EDSAE), Université Nationale d’Agriculture (UNA), Kétou 43, Benin; (A.M.A.); (G.T.)
| | - Manuele Tamò
- Biorisk Management Facility (BIMAF), International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA-Benin), Cotonou 08-01000, Benin; (O.K.D.-K.); (P.S.B.K.); (J.K.W.); (M.T.)
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Belouad EM, Benaissa E, El Mrimar N, Eddair Y, Maleb A, Elouennass M. Investigations of carbapenem resistant and hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae. Acta Microbiol Immunol Hung 2024; 71:52-60. [PMID: 38289372 DOI: 10.1556/030.2024.02207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae is an emerging pathogen that has gained attention due to its increased ability to cause infections even in healthy individuals. The aim of this study is to investigate virulence factors in K. pneumoniae strains isolated from clinical specimens and their association with carbapenem resistance. The study was conducted on 260 isolates identified between 2018 and 2023 at the Mohammed V Military Teaching Hospital in Rabat, Morocco. The isolates were categorized based on their susceptibility to antibiotics. The hypermucoviscosity was determined by a string test, while the presence of capsular serotypes and virulence genes were identified by PCR. Among our strains, 6.2% (n = 16) exhibited hypervirulent characteristics, 56% were resistant to carbapenem. Notably, 5.7% (n = 6) of carbapenem-resistant isolates expressed the hypermucoviscous phenotype, while 1.5% (n = 2) of carbapenem-susceptible K. pneumoniae isolates exhibited the same trait. In our study, we found that a total of 10 isolates (3.8%) had virulent capsular serotypes, with K2 being the most prevalent 40% (n = 4) and K20 in 30% (n = 3). Furthermore, we detected the presence of the Aerobactin gene in 1.5% (n = 4) of the isolates examined. Based on our findings, it appears that there was no correlation between the presence of virulence factors and carbapenem resistance. In conclusion, identifying hypervirulent K. pneumoniae in clinical specimens and assessing their antibiotic resistance profiles are crucial to ensure effective therapy and to prevent outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- El Mehdi Belouad
- 1Research Team of Epidemiology and Bacterial Resistance, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
- 2Department of Clinical Bacteriology, Mohammed V Military Teaching Hospital, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Elmostafa Benaissa
- 1Research Team of Epidemiology and Bacterial Resistance, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
- 2Department of Clinical Bacteriology, Mohammed V Military Teaching Hospital, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Nadia El Mrimar
- 1Research Team of Epidemiology and Bacterial Resistance, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Yassine Eddair
- 1Research Team of Epidemiology and Bacterial Resistance, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Adil Maleb
- 3Laboratory of Microbiology, Mohammed VI University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Mohammed the First, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Mostafa Elouennass
- 1Research Team of Epidemiology and Bacterial Resistance, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
- 2Department of Clinical Bacteriology, Mohammed V Military Teaching Hospital, Rabat, Morocco
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Baker CL, Seo KS, Park N, Rutter JK, Thornton JA, Pruett SB, Park JY. L-arginine supplementation abrogates hypoxia-induced virulence of Staphylococcus aureus in a murine diabetic pressure wound model. mSphere 2024; 9:e0077423. [PMID: 38426801 PMCID: PMC10964415 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00774-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are the most common complications of diabetes resulting from hyperglycemia leading to ischemic hypoxic tissue and nerve damage. Staphylococcus aureus is the most frequently isolated bacteria from DFUs and causes severe necrotic infections leading to amputations with a poor 5-year survival rate. However, very little is known about the mechanisms by which S. aureus dominantly colonizes and causes severe disease in DFUs. Herein, we utilized a pressure wound model in diabetic TALLYHO/JngJ mice to reproduce ischemic hypoxic tissue damage seen in DFUs and demonstrated that anaerobic fermentative growth of S. aureus significantly increased the virulence and the severity of disease by activating two-component regulatory systems leading to expression of virulence factors. Our in vitro studies showed that supplementation of nitrate as a terminal electron acceptor promotes anaerobic respiration and suppresses the expression of S. aureus virulence factors through inactivation of two-component regulatory systems, suggesting potential therapeutic benefits by promoting anaerobic nitrate respiration. Our in vivo studies revealed that dietary supplementation of L-arginine (L-Arg) significantly attenuated the severity of disease caused by S. aureus in the pressure wound model by providing nitrate. Collectively, these findings highlight the importance of anaerobic fermentative growth in S. aureus pathogenesis and the potential of dietary L-Arg supplementation as a therapeutic to prevent severe S. aureus infection in DFUs.IMPORTANCES. aureus is the most common cause of infection in DFUs, often resulting in lower-extremity amputation with a distressingly poor 5-year survival rate. Treatment for S. aureus infections has largely remained unchanged for decades and involves tissue debridement with antibiotic therapy. With high levels of conservative treatment failure, recurrence of ulcers, and antibiotic resistance, a new approach is necessary to prevent lower-extremity amputations. Nutritional aspects of DFU treatment have largely been overlooked as there has been contradictory clinical trial evidence, but very few in vitro and in vivo modelings of nutritional treatment studies have been performed. Here we demonstrate that dietary supplementation of L-Arg in a diabetic mouse model significantly reduced duration and severity of disease caused by S. aureus. These findings suggest that L-Arg supplementation could be useful as a potential preventive measure against severe S. aureus infections in DFUs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol L. Baker
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | - Keun Seok Seo
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | - Nogi Park
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | - Jaime K. Rutter
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | - Justin A. Thornton
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | - Stephen B. Pruett
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | - Joo Youn Park
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
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Bergman S, Andresen L, Kjellin J, Martinez Burgo Y, Geiser P, Baars S, Söderbom F, Sellin ME, Holmqvist E. ProQ-dependent activation of Salmonella virulence genes mediated by post-transcriptional control of PhoP synthesis. mSphere 2024; 9:e0001824. [PMID: 38411119 PMCID: PMC10964419 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00018-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal disease caused by Salmonella enterica is associated with the pathogen's ability to replicate within epithelial cells and macrophages. Upon host cell entry, the bacteria express a type-three secretion system encoded within Salmonella pathogenicity island 2, through which host-manipulating effector proteins are secreted to establish a stable intracellular niche. Transcription of this intracellular virulence program is activated by the PhoPQ two-component system that senses the low pH and the reduced magnesium concentration of host cell vacuoles. In addition to transcriptional control, Salmonella commonly employ RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) and small regulatory RNAs (sRNAs) to regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. ProQ is a globally acting RBP in Salmonella that promotes expression of the intracellular virulence program, but its RNA repertoire has previously been characterized only under standard laboratory growth conditions. Here, we provide a high-resolution ProQ interactome during conditions mimicking the environment of the Salmonella-containing vacuole (SCV), revealing hundreds of previously unknown ProQ binding sites in sRNAs and mRNA 3'UTRs. ProQ positively affected both the levels and the stability of many sRNA ligands, some of which were previously shown to associate with the well-studied and infection-relevant RBP Hfq. We further show that ProQ activates the expression of PhoP at the post-transcriptional level, which, in turn, leads to upregulation of the intracellular virulence program. IMPORTANCE Salmonella enterica is a major pathogen responsible for foodborne gastroenteritis, and a leading model organism for genetic and molecular studies of bacterial virulence mechanisms. One key trait of this pathogen is the ability to survive within infected host cells. During infection, the bacteria employ a type three secretion system that deliver effector proteins to target and manipulate host cell processes. The transcriptional regulation of this virulence program is well understood. By contrast, the factors and mechanisms operating at the post-transcriptional level to control virulence gene expression are less clear. In this study, we have charted the global RNA ligand repertoire of the RNA-binding protein ProQ during in vitro conditions mimicking the host cell environment. This identified hundreds of binding sites and revealed ProQ-dependent stabilization of intracellular-specific small RNAs. Importantly, we show that ProQ post-transcriptionally activates the expression of PhoP, a master transcriptional activator of intracellular virulence in Salmonella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Bergman
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Liis Andresen
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jonas Kjellin
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Yolanda Martinez Burgo
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Petra Geiser
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sophie Baars
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Söderbom
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mikael E. Sellin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Erik Holmqvist
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Liang H, Li F, Huang Y, Yu Q, Huang Z, Zeng Q, Chen B, Meng J. FsCGBP, a Cutinase G-Box Binding Protein, Regulates the Growth, Development, and Virulence of Fusarium sacchari, the Pathogen of Sugarcane Pokkah Boeng Disease. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:246. [PMID: 38667917 PMCID: PMC11051240 DOI: 10.3390/jof10040246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Fusarium sacchari is a causal agent of sugarcane Pokkah boeng, an important fungal disease that causes a considerable reduction in yield and sugar content in susceptible varieties of sugarcane worldwide. Despite its importance, the fungal factors that regulate the virulence of this pathogen remain largely unknown. In our previous study, mapping of an insertional mutant defect in virulence resulted in the identification of a cutinase G-box binding protein gene, designated FsCGBP, that encodes a C2H2-type transcription factor (TF). FsCGBP was shown to localize in the nuclei, and the transcript level of FsCGBP was significantly upregulated during the infection process or in response to abiotic stresses. Deletion or silencing of FsCGBP resulted in a reduction in mycelial growth, conidial production, and virulence and a delay in conidial germination in the F. sacchari. Cutinase genes FsCUT2, FsCUT3, and FsCUT4 and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) genes FsHOG1, FsMGV1, and FsGPMK1, which were significantly downregulated in ΔFsCGBP. Except for FsHOG1, all of these genes were found to be transcriptionally activated by FsCGBP using the yeast one-hybrid system in vitro. The deletion of individual cutinase genes did not result in any of the phenotypes exhibited in the ΔFsCGBP mutant, except for cutinase activity. However, disruption of the MAPK pathway upon deletion of FsMGV1 or FsGPMK1 resulted in phenotypes similar to those of the ΔFsCGBP mutant. The above results suggest that FsCGBP functions by regulating the MAPK pathway and cutinase genes, providing new insights into the mechanism of virulence regulation in F. sacchari.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoming Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Nanning 530004, China; (H.L.); (F.L.); (Y.H.); (Q.Y.); (Z.H.); (Q.Z.); (B.C.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Fang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Nanning 530004, China; (H.L.); (F.L.); (Y.H.); (Q.Y.); (Z.H.); (Q.Z.); (B.C.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Yundan Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Nanning 530004, China; (H.L.); (F.L.); (Y.H.); (Q.Y.); (Z.H.); (Q.Z.); (B.C.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Quan Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Nanning 530004, China; (H.L.); (F.L.); (Y.H.); (Q.Y.); (Z.H.); (Q.Z.); (B.C.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Zhenxin Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Nanning 530004, China; (H.L.); (F.L.); (Y.H.); (Q.Y.); (Z.H.); (Q.Z.); (B.C.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Quan Zeng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Nanning 530004, China; (H.L.); (F.L.); (Y.H.); (Q.Y.); (Z.H.); (Q.Z.); (B.C.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Baoshan Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Nanning 530004, China; (H.L.); (F.L.); (Y.H.); (Q.Y.); (Z.H.); (Q.Z.); (B.C.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Jiaorong Meng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Nanning 530004, China; (H.L.); (F.L.); (Y.H.); (Q.Y.); (Z.H.); (Q.Z.); (B.C.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
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Sánchez-Torres P, González-Candelas L, Ballester AR. Discovery and Transcriptional Profiling of Penicillium digitatum Genes That Could Promote Fungal Virulence during Citrus Fruit Infection. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:235. [PMID: 38667906 PMCID: PMC11051341 DOI: 10.3390/jof10040235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Green mold caused by Penicillium digitatum (Pers.:Fr.) Sacc is the most prevalent postharvest rot concerning citrus fruits. Using the subtractive suppression hybridization (SSH) technique, different P. digitatum genes have been identified that could be involved in virulence during citrus infection in the early stages, a crucial moment that determines whether the infection progresses or not. To this end, a comparison of two P. digitatum strains with high and low virulence has been carried out. We conducted a study on the gene expression profile of the most relevant genes. The results indicate the importance of transcription and regulation processes as well as enzymes involved in the degradation of the plant cell wall. The most represented expressed sequence tag (EST) was identified as PDIP_11000, associated with the FluG domain, which is putatively involved in the activation of conidiation. It is also worth noting that PDIP_02280 encodes a pectin methyl esterase, a cell wall remodeling protein with a high expression level in the most virulent fungal strains, which is notably induced during citrus infection. Furthermore, within the group with the greatest representation and showing significant induction in the early stages of infection, regulatory proteins (PDIP_68700, PDIP_76160) and a chaperone (PDIP_38040) stand out. To a lesser extent, but not less relevant, it is worth distinguishing different regulatory proteins and transcription factors, such as PDIP_00580, PDIP_49640 and PDIP_78930.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma Sánchez-Torres
- Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Centro de Protección Vegetal y Biotecnología, Moncada, 46113 Valencia, Spain
- Food Biotechnology Department, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Catedrático Agustín Escardino Benlloch 7, Paterna, 46980 Valencia, Spain
| | - Luis González-Candelas
- Food Biotechnology Department, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Catedrático Agustín Escardino Benlloch 7, Paterna, 46980 Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Rosa Ballester
- Food Biotechnology Department, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Catedrático Agustín Escardino Benlloch 7, Paterna, 46980 Valencia, Spain
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Kleij L, Bruder E, Raoux-Barbot D, Lejal N, Nevers Q, Deloizy C, Da Costa B, Legrand L, Barrey E, Chenal A, Pronost S, Delmas B, Dhorne-Pollet S. Genomic characterization of equine influenza A subtype H3N8 viruses by long read sequencing and functional analyses of the PB1-F2 virulence factor of A/equine/Paris/1/2018. Vet Res 2024; 55:36. [PMID: 38520035 PMCID: PMC10960481 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-024-01289-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Equine influenza virus (EIV) remains a threat to horses, despite the availability of vaccines. Strategies to monitor the virus and prevent potential vaccine failure revolve around serological assays, RT-qPCR amplification, and sequencing the viral hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) genes. These approaches overlook the contribution of other viral proteins in driving virulence. This study assesses the potential of long-read nanopore sequencing for fast and precise sequencing of circulating equine influenza viruses. Therefore, two French Florida Clade 1 strains, including the one circulating in winter 2018-2019 exhibiting more pronounced pathogenicity than usual, as well as the two currently OIE-recommended vaccine strains, were sequenced. Our results demonstrated the reliability of this sequencing method in generating accurate sequences. Sequence analysis of HA revealed a subtle antigenic drift in the French EIV strains, with specific substitutions, such as T163I in A/equine/Paris/1/2018 and the N188T mutation in post-2015 strains; both substitutions were in antigenic site B. Antigenic site E exhibited modifications in post-2018 strains, with the N63D substitution. Segment 2 sequencing also revealed that the A/equine/Paris/1/2018 strain encodes a longer variant of the PB1-F2 protein when compared to other Florida clade 1 strains (90 amino acids long versus 81 amino acids long). Further biological and biochemistry assays demonstrated that this PB1-F2 variant has enhanced abilities to abolish the mitochondrial membrane potential ΔΨm and permeabilize synthetic membranes. Altogether, our results highlight the interest in rapidly characterizing the complete genome of circulating strains with next-generation sequencing technologies to adapt vaccines and identify specific virulence markers of EIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Kleij
- Unité de Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, INRAE, UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Elise Bruder
- Unité de Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, INRAE, UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Dorothée Raoux-Barbot
- CNRS UMR 3528, Biochemistry of Macromolecular Interactions Unit, Department of Structural Biology and Chemistry, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Lejal
- Unité de Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, INRAE, UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Quentin Nevers
- Unité de Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, INRAE, UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Charlotte Deloizy
- Unité de Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, INRAE, UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Bruno Da Costa
- Unité de Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, INRAE, UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Loïc Legrand
- LABÉO Frank Duncombe, 14280, Saint-Contest, France
- BIOTARGEN, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Eric Barrey
- AgroParisTech, Unité de Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Alexandre Chenal
- CNRS UMR 3528, Biochemistry of Macromolecular Interactions Unit, Department of Structural Biology and Chemistry, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Pronost
- LABÉO Frank Duncombe, 14280, Saint-Contest, France
- BIOTARGEN, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Bernard Delmas
- Unité de Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, INRAE, UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
| | - Sophie Dhorne-Pollet
- AgroParisTech, Unité de Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
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Bereta GP, Strzelec K, Łazarz-Bartyzel K, Dziedzic-Kowalska A, Nowakowska Z, Krutyhołowa A, Bielecka E, Kantyka T, Grabiec AM, Kaczmarzyk T, Chomyszyn-Gajewska M, Potempa J, Gawron K. Identification of a new genetic variant (G231N, E232T, N235D) of peptidylarginine deiminase from P. gingivalis in advanced periodontitis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1355357. [PMID: 38576615 PMCID: PMC10991804 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1355357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic periodontitis (CP), an inflammatory disease of periodontal tissues driven by a dysbiotic subgingival bacterial biofilm, is also associated with several systemic diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Porphyromonas gingivalis, one of the bacterial species implicated in CP as a keystone pathogen produces peptidyl arginine deiminase (PPAD) that citrullinates C-terminal arginine residues in proteins and peptides. Autoimmunity to citrullinated epitopes is crucial in RA, hence PPAD activity is considered a possible mechanistic link between CP and RA. Here we determined the PPAD enzymatic activity produced by clinical isolates of P. gingivalis, sequenced the ppad gene, and correlated the results with clinical determinants of CP in patients from whom the bacteria were isolated. The analysis revealed variations in PPAD activity and genetic diversity of the ppad gene in clinical P. gingivalis isolates. Interestingly, the severity of CP was correlated with a higher level of PPAD activity that was associated with the presence of a triple mutation (G231N, E232T, N235D) in PPAD in comparison to W83 and ATCC 33277 type strains. The relation between mutations and enhanced activity was verified by directed mutagenesis which showed that all three amino acid residue substitutions must be introduced into PPAD expressed by the type strains to obtain the super-active enzyme. Cumulatively, these results may lead to the development of novel prognostic tools to assess the progress of CP in the context of associated RA by analyzing the ppad genotype in CP patients infected with P. gingivalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz P. Bereta
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Karolina Strzelec
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Łazarz-Bartyzel
- Department of Periodontology, Preventive Dentistry and Oral Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Agata Dziedzic-Kowalska
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Nowakowska
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Krutyhołowa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Ewa Bielecka
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Tomasz Kantyka
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Aleksander M. Grabiec
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Tomasz Kaczmarzyk
- Department of Oral Surgery, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Maria Chomyszyn-Gajewska
- Department of Periodontology, Preventive Dentistry and Oral Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jan Potempa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, School of Dentistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Katarzyna Gawron
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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Mackinder JR, Hinkel LA, Schutz K, Eckstrom K, Fisher K, Wargo MJ. Sphingosine induction of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa hemolytic phospholipase C/sphingomyelinase (PlcH). J Bacteriol 2024; 206:e0038223. [PMID: 38411048 PMCID: PMC10955842 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00382-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Hemolytic phospholipase C, PlcH, is an important virulence factor for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. PlcH preferentially hydrolyzes sphingomyelin and phosphatidylcholine, and this hydrolysis activity drives tissue damage and inflammation and interferes with the oxidative burst of immune cells. Among other contributors, transcription of plcH was previously shown to be induced by phosphate starvation via PhoB and the choline metabolite, glycine betaine, via GbdR. Here, we show that sphingosine can induce plcH transcription and result in secreted PlcH enzyme activity. This induction is dependent on the sphingosine-sensing transcriptional regulator SphR. The SphR induction of plcH occurs from the promoter for the gene upstream of plcH that encodes the neutral ceramidase, CerN, and transcriptional readthrough of the cerN transcription terminator. Evidence for these conclusions came from mutation of the SphR binding site in the cerN promoter, mutation of the cerN terminator, enhancement of cerN termination by adding the rrnB terminator, and reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) showing that the intergenic region between cerN and plcH is made as RNA during sphingosine, but not choline, induction. We also observed that, like glycine betaine induction, sphingosine induction of plcH is under catabolite repression control, which likely explains why such induction was not seen in other studies using sphingosine in rich media. The addition of sphingosine as a novel inducer for PlcH points to the regulation of plcH transcription as a site for the integration of multiple host-derived signals. IMPORTANCE PlcH is a secreted phospholipase C/sphingomyelinase that is important for the virulence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Here, we show that sphingosine, which presents itself or as a product of P. aeruginosa sphingomyelinase and ceramidase activity, leads to the induction of plcH transcription. This transcriptional induction occurs from the promoter of the upstream ceramidase gene generating a conditional operon. The transcript on which plcH resides, therefore, is different depending on which host molecule or condition leads to induction, and this may have implications for PlcH post-transcriptional regulation. This work also adds to our understanding of P. aeruginosa with host-derived sphingolipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob R. Mackinder
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
- Cellular, Molecular, and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Lauren A. Hinkel
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
- Cellular, Molecular, and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Kristin Schutz
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Korin Eckstrom
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Kira Fisher
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Matthew J. Wargo
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
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Wight J, Byrne AS, Tahlan K, Lang AS. Anthropogenic contamination sources drive differences in antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli in three urban lakes. Appl Environ Microbiol 2024; 90:e0180923. [PMID: 38349150 PMCID: PMC10952509 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01809-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an ever-present threat to the treatment of infectious diseases. However, the potential relevance of this phenomenon in environmental reservoirs still raises many questions. Detection of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in the environment is a critical aspect for understanding the prevalence of resistance outside of clinical settings, as detection in the environment indicates that resistance is likely already widespread. We isolated antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli from three urban waterbodies over a 15-month time series, determined their antimicrobial susceptibilities, investigated their population structure, and identified genetic determinants of resistance. We found that E. coli populations at each site were composed of different dominant phylotypes and showed distinct patterns of antimicrobial and multidrug resistance, despite close geographic proximity. Many strains that were genome-sequenced belonged to sequence types of international concern, particularly the ST131 clonal complex. We found widespread resistance to clinically important antimicrobials such as amoxicillin, cefotaxime, and ciprofloxacin, but found that all strains were susceptible to amikacin and the last-line antimicrobials meropenem and fosfomycin. Resistance was most often due to acquirable antimicrobial resistance genes, while chromosomal mutations in gyrA, parC, and parE conferred resistance to quinolones. Whole-genome analysis of a subset of strains further revealed the diversity of the population of E. coli present, with a wide array of AMR and virulence genes identified, many of which were present on the chromosome, including blaCTX-M. Finally, we determined that environmental persistence, transmission between sites, most likely mediated by wild birds, and transfer of mobile genetic elements likely contributed significantly to the patterns observed.IMPORTANCEA One Health perspective is crucial to understand the extent of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) globally, and investigation of AMR in the environment has been increasing in recent years. However, most studies have focused on waterways that are directly polluted by sewage, industrial manufacturing, or agricultural activities. Therefore, there remains a lack of knowledge about more natural, less overtly impacted environments. Through phenotypic and genotypic investigation of AMR in Escherichia coli, this study adds to our understanding of the extent and patterns of resistance in these types of environments, including over a time series, and showed that complex biotic and abiotic factors contribute to the patterns observed. Our study further emphasizes the importance of incorporating the surveillance of microbes in freshwater environments in order to better comprehend potential risks for both human and animal health and how the environment may serve as a sentinel for potential future clinical infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Wight
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Alexander S. Byrne
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Kapil Tahlan
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Andrew S. Lang
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland, Canada
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Martins M, Nooruzzaman M, Cunningham JL, Ye C, Caserta LC, Jackson N, Martinez-Sobrido L, Fang Y, Diel DG. The SARS-CoV-2 Spike is a virulence determinant and plays a major role on the attenuated phenotype of Omicron virus in a feline model of infection. J Virol 2024; 98:e0190223. [PMID: 38421180 PMCID: PMC10949471 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01902-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The role of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron BA.1 Spike (S) on disease pathogenesis was investigated. For this, we generated recombinant viruses harboring the S D614G mutation (rWA1-D614G) and the Omicron BA.1 S gene (rWA1-Omi-S) in the backbone of the ancestral SARS-CoV-2 WA1 strain genome. The recombinant viruses were characterized in vitro and in vivo. Viral entry, cell-cell fusion, plaque size, and the replication kinetics of the rWA1-Omi-S virus were markedly impaired when compared to the rWA1-D614G virus, demonstrating a lower fusogenicity and ability to spread cell-to-cell of rWA1-Omi-S. To assess the contribution of the Omicron BA.1 S protein to SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis, the pathogenicity of rWA1-D614G and rWA1-Omi-S viruses was compared in a feline model. While the rWA1-D614G-inoculated cats were lethargic and showed increased body temperatures on days 2 and 3 post-infection (pi), rWA1-Omi-S-inoculated cats remained subclinical and gained weight throughout the 14-day experimental period. Animals inoculated with rWA1-D614G presented higher infectious virus shedding in nasal secretions, when compared to rWA1-Omi-S-inoculated animals. In addition, tissue replication of the rWA1-Omi-S was markedly reduced compared to the rWA1-D614G, as evidenced by lower viral load in tissues on days 3 and 5 pi. Histologic examination of the nasal turbinate and lungs revealed intense inflammatory infiltration in rWA1-D614G-inoculated animals, whereas rWA1-Omi-S-inoculated cats presented only mild to modest inflammation. Together, these results demonstrate that the S protein is a major virulence determinant for SARS-CoV-2 playing a major role for the attenuated phenotype of the Omicron virus. IMPORTANCE We have demonstrated that the Omicron BA.1.1 variant presents lower pathogenicity when compared to D614G (B.1) lineage in a feline model of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. There are over 50 mutations across the Omicron genome, of which more than two-thirds are present in the Spike (S) protein. To assess the role of the Omicron BA.1 S on virus pathogenesis, recombinant viruses harboring the S D614G mutation (rWA1-D614G) and the Omicron BA.1 Spike gene (rWA1-Omi-S) in the backbone of the ancestral SARS-CoV-2 WA1 were generated. While the Omicron BA.1 S promoted early entry into cells, it led to impaired fusogenic activity and cell-cell spread. Infection studies with the recombinant viruses in a relevant naturally susceptible feline model of SARS-CoV-2 infection here revealed an attenuated phenotype of rWA1-Omi-S, demonstrating that the Omi-S is a major determinant of the attenuated disease phenotype of Omicron strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Martins
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Mohammed Nooruzzaman
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Jessie Lee Cunningham
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Chengjin Ye
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Leonardo Cardia Caserta
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | | | | | - Ying Fang
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Diego G. Diel
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
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Zhang M, Liu M, Chen H, Qiu T, Jin X, Fu W, Teng Q, Zhao C, Xu J, Li Z, Zhang X. PB2 residue 473 contributes to the mammalian virulence of H7N9 avian influenza virus by modulating viral polymerase activity via ANP32A. J Virol 2024; 98:e0194423. [PMID: 38421166 PMCID: PMC10949425 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01944-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Since the first human infection reported in 2013, H7N9 avian influenza virus (AIV) has been regarded as a serious threat to human health. In this study, we sought to identify the virulence determinant of the H7N9 virus in mammalian hosts. By comparing the virulence of the SH/4664 H7N9 virus, a non-virulent H9N2 virus, and various H7N9-H9N2 hybrid viruses in infected mice, we first pinpointed PB2 as the primary viral factor accounting for the difference between H7N9 and H9N2 in mammalian virulence. We further analyzed the in vivo effects of individually mutating H7N9 PB2 residues different from the closely related H9N2 virus and consequently found residue 473, alongside the well-known residue 627, to be critical for the virulence of the H7N9 virus in mice and the activity of its reconstituted viral polymerase in mammalian cells. The importance of PB2-473 was further strengthened by studying reverse H7N9 substitutions in the H9N2 background. Finally, we surprisingly found that species-specific usage of ANP32A, a family member of host factors connecting with the PB2-627 polymorphism, mediates the contribution of PB2 473 residue to the mammalian adaption of AIV polymerase, as the attenuating effect of PB2 M473T on the viral polymerase activity and viral growth of the H7N9 virus could be efficiently complemented by co-expression of chicken ANP32A but not mouse ANP32A and ANP32B. Together, our studies uncovered the PB2 473 residue as a novel viral host range determinant of AIVs via species-specific co-opting of the ANP32 host factor to support viral polymerase activity.IMPORTANCEThe H7N9 avian influenza virus has been considered to have the potential to cause the next pandemic since the first case of human infection reported in 2013. In this study, we identified PB2 residue 473 as a new determinant of mouse virulence and mammalian adaptation of the viral polymerase of the H7N9 virus and its non-pathogenic H9N2 counterparts. We further demonstrated that the variation in PB2-473 is functionally linked to differential co-opting of the host ANP32A protein in supporting viral polymerase activity, which is analogous to the well-known PB2-627 polymorphism, albeit the two PB2 positions are spatially distant. By providing new mechanistic insight into the PB2-mediated host range determination of influenza A viruses, our study implicated the potential existence of multiple PB2-ANP32 interfaces that could be targets for developing new antivirals against the H7N9 virus as well as other mammalian-adapted influenza viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Zhang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingbin Liu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongjun Chen
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianyi Qiu
- Zhongshan Hospital, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuanxuan Jin
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Weihui Fu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiaoyang Teng
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Zhao
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianqing Xu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Zhongshan Hospital, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zejun Li
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Zhongshan Hospital, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Røken M, Iakhno S, Haaland AH, Bjelland AM, Wasteson Y. The Home Environment Is a Reservoir for Methicillin-Resistant Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci and Mammaliicocci. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:279. [PMID: 38534714 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13030279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) and mammaliicocci are opportunistic human and animal pathogens, often resistant to multiple antimicrobials, including methicillin. Methicillin-resistant CoNS (MRCoNS) have traditionally been linked to hospitals and healthcare facilities, where they are significant contributors to nosocomial infections. However, screenings of non-hospital environments have linked MRCoNS and methicillin-resistant mammaliicocci (MRM) to other ecological niches. The aim of this study was to explore the home environment as a reservoir for MRCoNS and MRM. A total of 33 households, including households with a dog with a methicillin-resistant staphylococcal infection, households with healthy dogs or cats and households without pets, were screened for MRCoNS and MRM by sampling one human, one pet (if present) and the environment. Samples were analyzed by a selective culture-based method, and bacterial species were identified by MALDI-TOF MS and tested for antibiotic susceptibility by the agar disk diffusion method. Following whole-genome sequencing, a large diversity of SCCmec elements and sequence types was revealed, which did not indicate any clonal dissemination of specific strains. Virulome and mobilome analyses indicated a high degree of species specificity. Altogether, this study documents that the home environment is a reservoir for a variety of MRCoNS and MRM regardless of the type of household.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Røken
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1433 Ås, Norway
- Institute of Microbiology, Norwegian Armed Forces Joint Medical Services, 2027 Kjeller, Norway
| | | | - Anita Haug Haaland
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1433 Ås, Norway
- Regulations and Control Department, Animal Health, 0304 Oslo, Norway
| | - Ane Mohn Bjelland
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1433 Ås, Norway
- Department of Bacteriology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 0213 Oslo, Norway
| | - Yngvild Wasteson
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1433 Ås, Norway
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Payen S, Giroux MC, Gisch N, Schombel U, Fittipaldi N, Segura M, Gottschalk M. Lipoteichoic acids influence cell shape and bacterial division of Streptococcus suis serotype 2, but play a limited role in the pathogenesis of the infection. Vet Res 2024; 55:34. [PMID: 38504299 PMCID: PMC10953176 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-024-01287-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis serotype 2 is a major swine pathogen and a zoonotic agent, causing meningitis in both swine and humans, responsible for substantial economic losses to the swine industry worldwide. The pathogenesis of infection and the role of bacterial cell wall components in virulence have not been fully elucidated. Lipoproteins, peptidoglycan, as well as lipoteichoic acids (LTA) have all been proposed to contribute to virulence. In the present study, the role of the LTA in the pathogenesis of the infection was evaluated through the characterisation of a mutant of the S. suis serotype 2 strain P1/7 lacking the LtaS enzyme, which mediates the polymerization of the LTA poly-glycerolphosphate chain. The ltaS mutant was confirmed to completely lack LTA and displayed significant morphological defects. Although the bacterial growth of this mutant was not affected, further results showed that LTA is involved in maintaining S. suis bacterial fitness. However, its role in the pathogenesis of the infection appears limited. Indeed, LTA presence reduces self-agglutination, biofilm formation and even dendritic cell activation, which are important aspects of the pathogenesis of the infection caused by S. suis. In addition, it does not seem to play a critical role in virulence using a systemic mouse model of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Servane Payen
- Research Group On Infectious Diseases in Production Animals (GREMIP) and Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center (CRIPA), Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Marie-Christine Giroux
- Research Group On Infectious Diseases in Production Animals (GREMIP) and Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center (CRIPA), Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Nicolas Gisch
- Division of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Priority Area Infections, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany
| | - Ursula Schombel
- Division of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Priority Area Infections, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany
| | - Nahuel Fittipaldi
- Research Group On Infectious Diseases in Production Animals (GREMIP) and Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center (CRIPA), Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Mariela Segura
- Research Group On Infectious Diseases in Production Animals (GREMIP) and Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center (CRIPA), Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Marcelo Gottschalk
- Research Group On Infectious Diseases in Production Animals (GREMIP) and Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center (CRIPA), Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 2M2, Canada.
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77
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Hara T, Fukuma T. Optimized Axenic Culture Medium for Comprehensive Biological and Physiological Analysis of Naegleria Fowleri. Kurume Med J 2024:MS7012007. [PMID: 38508735 DOI: 10.2739/kurumemedj.ms7012007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuru Hara
- Department of Parasitology, Kurume University School of Medicine
| | - Toshihide Fukuma
- Department of Parasitology, Kurume University School of Medicine
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78
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Ruedas-Torres I, Sánchez-Carvajal JM, Salguero FJ, Pallarés FJ, Carrasco L, Mateu E, Gómez-Laguna J, Rodríguez-Gómez IM. The scene of lung pathology during PRRSV-1 infection. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1330990. [PMID: 38566751 PMCID: PMC10985324 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1330990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is one of the most economically important infectious diseases for the pig industry worldwide. The disease was firstly reported in 1987 and became endemic in many countries. Since then, outbreaks caused by strains of high virulence have been reported several times in Asia, America and Europe. Interstitial pneumonia, microscopically characterised by thickened alveolar septa, is the hallmark lesion of PRRS. However, suppurative bronchopneumonia and proliferative and necrotising pneumonia are also observed, particularly when a virulent strain is involved. This raises the question of whether the infection by certain strains results in an overstimulation of the proinflammatory response and whether there is some degree of correlation between the strain involved and a particular pattern of lung injury. Thus, it is of interest to know how the inflammatory response is modulated in these cases due to the interplay between virus and host factors. This review provides an overview of the macroscopic, microscopic, and molecular pathology of PRRSV-1 strains in the lung, emphasising the differences between strains of different virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés Ruedas-Torres
- United Kingdom Health Security Agency (UKHSA Porton Down), Salisbury, United Kingdom
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology and Toxicology, Pathology and Immunology Group (UCO-PIG), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, International Agrifood Campus of Excellence (CeiA3), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - José María Sánchez-Carvajal
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology and Toxicology, Pathology and Immunology Group (UCO-PIG), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, International Agrifood Campus of Excellence (CeiA3), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | | | - Francisco José Pallarés
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology and Toxicology, Pathology and Immunology Group (UCO-PIG), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, International Agrifood Campus of Excellence (CeiA3), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Librado Carrasco
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology and Toxicology, Pathology and Immunology Group (UCO-PIG), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, International Agrifood Campus of Excellence (CeiA3), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Enric Mateu
- Department of Animal Health and Anatomy, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaime Gómez-Laguna
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology and Toxicology, Pathology and Immunology Group (UCO-PIG), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, International Agrifood Campus of Excellence (CeiA3), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Irene Magdalena Rodríguez-Gómez
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology and Toxicology, Pathology and Immunology Group (UCO-PIG), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, International Agrifood Campus of Excellence (CeiA3), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
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79
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Andrews K, Landeryou T, Sicheritz-Pontén T, Nale JY. Diverse Prophage Elements of Salmonella enterica Serovars Show Potential Roles in Bacterial Pathogenicity. Cells 2024; 13:514. [PMID: 38534358 DOI: 10.3390/cells13060514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Nontyphoidal salmonellosis is an important foodborne and zoonotic infection that causes significant global public health concern. Diverse serovars are multidrug-resistant and encode several virulence indicators; however, little is known on the role prophages play in driving these traits. Here, we extracted prophages from seventy-five Salmonella genomes which represent the fifteen important serovars in the United Kingdom. We analyzed the intact prophages for the presence of virulence genes and established their genomic relationships. We identified 615 prophages from the Salmonella strains, from which 195 prophages are intact, 332 are incomplete, while 88 are questionable. The average prophage carriage was found to be 'extreme' in S. Heidelberg, S. Inverness, and S. Newport (10.2-11.6 prophages/strain), 'high' in S. Infantis, S. Stanley, S. Typhimurium, and S. Virchow (8.2-9.0 prophages/strain), 'moderate' in S. Agona, S. Braenderup, S. Bovismorbificans, S. Choleraesuis, S. Dublin, and S. Java (6.0-7.8 prophages/strain), and 'low' in S. Javiana and S. Enteritidis (5.8 prophages/strain). Cumulatively, 61 virulence genes (1500 gene copies) were detected from representative intact prophages and linked to Salmonella delivery/secretion system (42.62%), adherence (32.7%), magnesium uptake (3.88%), regulation (5%), stress/survival (1.6%), toxins (10%), and antivirulence (1.6%). Diverse clusters were formed among the intact prophages and with bacteriophages of other enterobacteria, suggesting different lineages and associations. Our work provides a strong body of data to support the contributions diverse prophages make to the pathogenicity of Salmonella, including thirteen previously unexplored serovars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirstie Andrews
- Centre for Epidemiology and Planetary Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Scotland's Rural College, Inverness IV2 5NA, UK
| | - Toby Landeryou
- Centre for Epidemiology and Planetary Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Scotland's Rural College, Inverness IV2 5NA, UK
| | - Thomas Sicheritz-Pontén
- Center for Evolutionary Hologenomics, The Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, 1353 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Janet Yakubu Nale
- Centre for Epidemiology and Planetary Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Scotland's Rural College, Inverness IV2 5NA, UK
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80
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Berdejo D, Mortier J, Cambré A, Sobota M, Van Eyken R, Kim TD, Vanoirbeek K, García Gonzalo D, Pagán R, Diard M, Aertsen A. Evolutionary trade-off between heat shock resistance, growth at high temperature, and virulence expression in Salmonella Typhimurium. mBio 2024; 15:e0310523. [PMID: 38349183 PMCID: PMC10936172 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03105-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding the evolutionary dynamics of foodborne pathogens throughout our food production chain is of utmost importance. In this study, we reveal that Salmonella Typhimurium can readily and reproducibly acquire vastly increased heat shock resistance upon repeated exposure to heat shock. Counterintuitively, this boost in heat shock resistance was invariantly acquired through loss-of-function mutations in the dnaJ gene, encoding a heat shock protein that acts as a molecular co-chaperone of DnaK and enables its role in protein folding and disaggregation. As a trade-off, however, the acquisition of heat shock resistance inevitably led to attenuated growth at 37°C and higher temperatures. Interestingly, loss of DnaJ also downregulated the activity of the master virulence regulator HilD, thereby lowering the fraction of virulence-expressing cells within the population and attenuating virulence in mice. By connecting heat shock resistance evolution to attenuation of HilD activity, our results confirm the complex interplay between stress resistance and virulence in Salmonella Typhimurium. IMPORTANCE Bacterial pathogens such as Salmonella Typhimurium are equipped with both stress response and virulence features in order to navigate across a variety of complex inhospitable environments that range from food-processing plants up to the gastrointestinal tract of its animal host. In this context, however, it remains obscure whether and how adaptation to one environment would obstruct fitness in another. In this study, we reveal that severe heat stress counterintuitively, but invariantly, led to the selection of S. Typhimurium mutants that are compromised in the activity of the DnaJ heat shock protein. While these mutants obtained massively increased heat resistance, their virulence became greatly attenuated. Our observations, therefore, reveal a delicate balance between optimal tuning of stress response and virulence features in bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Berdejo
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Departamento de Producción Animal y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2, Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Julien Mortier
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Alexander Cambré
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Ronald Van Eyken
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tom Dongmin Kim
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kristof Vanoirbeek
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Diego García Gonzalo
- Departamento de Producción Animal y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2, Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Rafael Pagán
- Departamento de Producción Animal y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2, Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA, Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Abram Aertsen
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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81
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Saini P, Bandsode V, Singh A, Mendem SK, Semmler T, Alam M, Ahmed N. Genomic insights into virulence, antimicrobial resistance, and adaptation acumen of Escherichia coli isolated from an urban environment. mBio 2024; 15:e0354523. [PMID: 38376265 PMCID: PMC10936179 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03545-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Populations of common commensal bacteria such as Escherichia coli undergo genetic changes by the acquisition of certain virulence and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) encoding genetic elements leading to the emergence of pathogenic strains capable of surviving in the previously uninhabited or protected niches. These bacteria are also reported to be prevalent in the environment where they survive by adopting various recombination strategies to counter microflora of the soil and water, under constant selection pressure(s). In this study, we performed molecular characterization, phenotypic AMR analysis, and whole genome sequencing (WGS) of E. coli (n = 37) isolated from soil and surface water representing the urban and peri-urban areas. The primary aim of this study was to understand the genetic architecture and pathogenic acumen exhibited by environmental E. coli. WGS-based analysis entailing resistome and virulome profiling indicated the presence of various virulence (adherence, iron uptake, and toxins) and AMR encoding genes, including blaNDM-5 in the environmental isolates. A majority of our isolates belonged to phylogroup B1 (73%). A few isolates in our collection were of sequence type(s) (ST) 58 and 224 that could have emerged recently as clonal lineages and might pose risk of infection/transmission. Mobile genetic elements (MGEs) such as plasmids (predominantly) of the IncF family, prophages, pipolins, and insertion elements such as IS1 and IS5 were also observed to exist, which may presumably aid in the propagation of genes encoding resistance against antimicrobial drugs. The observed high prevalence of MGEs associated with multidrug resistance in pathogenic E. coli isolates belonging to the phylogroup B1 underscores the need for extended surveillance to keep track of and prevent the transmission of the bacterium to certain vulnerable human and animal populations. IMPORTANCE Evolutionary patterns of E. coli bacteria convey that they evolve into highly pathogenic forms by acquiring fitness advantages, such as AMR, and various virulence factors through the horizontal gene transfer (HGT)-mediated acquisition of MGEs. However, limited research on the genetic profiles of environmental E. coli, particularly from India, hinders our understanding of their transition to pathogenic forms and impedes the adoption of a comprehensive approach to address the connection between environmentally dwelling E. coli populations and human and veterinary public health. This study focuses on high-resolution genomic analysis of the environmental E. coli isolates aiming to understand the genetic similarities and differences among isolates from different environmental niches and uncover the survival strategies employed by these bacteria to thrive in their surroundings. Our approach involved molecular characterization of environmental samples using PCR-based DNA fingerprinting and subsequent WGS analysis. This multidisciplinary approach is likely to provide valuable insights into the understanding of any potential spill-over to human and animal populations and locales. Investigating these environmental isolates has significant potential for developing epidemiological strategies against transmission and understanding niche-specific evolutionary patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poorvi Saini
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Pathogen Biology Laboratory, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana State, India
| | - Viraj Bandsode
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Pathogen Biology Laboratory, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana State, India
| | - Anuradha Singh
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Pathogen Biology Laboratory, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana State, India
| | - Suresh Kumar Mendem
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Pathogen Biology Laboratory, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana State, India
| | | | - Munirul Alam
- International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Niyaz Ahmed
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Pathogen Biology Laboratory, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana State, India
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82
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Pham C, Guo S, Han X, Coleman L, Sze CW, Wang H, Liu J, Li C. A pleiotropic role of sialidase in the pathogenicity of Porphyromonas gingivalis. Infect Immun 2024; 92:e0034423. [PMID: 38376159 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00344-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
As one of the keystone pathogens of periodontitis, the oral bacterium Porphyromonas gingivalis produces an array of virulence factors, including a recently identified sialidase (PG0352). Our previous report involving loss-of-function studies indicated that PG0352 plays an important role in the pathophysiology of P. gingivalis. However, this report had not been corroborated by gain-of-function studies or substantiated in different P. gingivalis strains. To fill these gaps, herein we first confirm the role of PG0352 in cell surface structures (e.g., capsule) and serum resistance using P. gingivalis W83 strain through genetic complementation and then recapitulate these studies using P. gingivalis ATCC33277 strain. We further investigate the role of PG0352 and its counterpart (PGN1608) in ATCC33277 in cell growth, biofilm formation, neutrophil killing, cell invasion, and P. gingivalis-induced inflammation. Our results indicate that PG0352 and PGN1608 are implicated in P. gingivalis cell surface structures, hydrophobicity, biofilm formation, resistance to complement and neutrophil killing, and host immune responses. Possible molecular mechanisms involved are also discussed. In summary, this report underscores the importance of sialidases in the pathophysiology of P. gingivalis and opens an avenue to elucidate their underlying molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Pham
- Department of Oral Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Shuaiqi Guo
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Microbial Sciences Institute, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Xiao Han
- Department of Oral Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Laurynn Coleman
- Department of Oral Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Ching Wooen Sze
- Department of Oral Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Huizhi Wang
- Department of Oral Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Microbial Sciences Institute, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Chunhao Li
- Department of Oral Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
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83
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Cao D, Subhadra B, Lee YJ, Thoresen M, Cornejo S, Olivier A, Woolums A, Inzana TJ. Contribution of Hfq to gene regulation and virulence in Histophilus somni. Infect Immun 2024; 92:e0003824. [PMID: 38391206 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00038-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Histophilus somni is one of the predominant bacterial pathogens responsible for bovine respiratory and systemic diseases in cattle. Despite the identification of numerous H. somni virulence factors, little is known about the regulation of such factors. The post-transcriptional regulatory protein Hfq may play a crucial role in regulation of components that affect bacterial virulence. The contribution of Hfq to H. somni phenotype and virulence was investigated following creation of an hfq deletion mutant of H. somni strain 2336 (designated H. somni 2336Δhfq). A comparative analysis of the mutant to the wild-type strain was carried out by examining protein and carbohydrate phenotype, RNA sequence, intracellular survival in bovine monocytes, serum susceptibility, and virulence studies in mouse and calf models. H. somni 2336Δhfq exhibited a truncated lipooligosaccharide (LOS) structure, with loss of sialylation. The mutant demonstrated increased susceptibility to intracellular and serum-mediated killing compared to the wild-type strain. Transcriptomic analysis displayed significant differential expression of 832 upregulated genes and 809 downregulated genes in H. somni 2336Δhfq compared to H. somni strain 2336, including significant downregulation of lsgB and licA, which contribute to LOS oligosaccharide synthesis and sialylation. A substantial number of differentially expressed genes were associated with polysaccharide synthesis and other proteins that could influence virulence. The H. somni 2336Δhfq mutant strain was attenuated in a mouse septicemia model and somewhat attenuated in a calf intrabronchial challenge model. H. somni was recovered less frequently from nasopharyngeal swabs, endotracheal aspirates, and lung tissues of calves challenged with H. somni 2336Δhfq compared to the wild-type strain, and the percentage of abnormal lung tissue in calves challenged with H. somni 2336Δhfq was lower than in calves challenged with the wild-type strain. In conclusion, our results support that Hfq accounts for the regulation of H. somni virulence factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianjun Cao
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Long Island University, Brookville, New York, USA
| | - Bindu Subhadra
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Long Island University, Brookville, New York, USA
| | - Yue-Jia Lee
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Long Island University, Brookville, New York, USA
| | - Merrilee Thoresen
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | - Santiago Cornejo
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | - Alicia Olivier
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | - Amelia Woolums
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | - Thomas J Inzana
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Long Island University, Brookville, New York, USA
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84
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Xu Q, Kang D, Meyer MD, Pennington CL, Gopal C, Schertzer JW, Kirienko NV. Cytotoxic rhamnolipid micelles drive acute virulence in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Infect Immun 2024; 92:e0040723. [PMID: 38391248 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00407-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic human pathogen that has developed multi- or even pan-drug resistance toward most frontline and last resort antibiotics, leading to increasing frequency of infections and deaths among hospitalized patients, especially those with compromised immune systems. Further complicating treatment, P. aeruginosa produces numerous virulence factors that contribute to host tissue damage and immune evasion, promoting bacterial colonization and pathogenesis. In this study, we demonstrate the importance of rhamnolipid production in host-pathogen interactions. Secreted rhamnolipids form micelles that exhibited highly acute toxicity toward murine macrophages, rupturing the plasma membrane and causing organellar membrane damage within minutes of exposure. While rhamnolipid micelles (RMs) were particularly toxic to macrophages, they also caused membrane damage in human lung epithelial cells, red blood cells, Gram-positive bacteria, and even noncellular models like giant plasma membrane vesicles. Most importantly, rhamnolipid production strongly correlated with P. aeruginosa virulence against murine macrophages in various panels of clinical isolates. Altogether, our findings suggest that rhamnolipid micelles are highly cytotoxic virulence factors that drive acute cellular damage and immune evasion during P. aeruginosa infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Xu
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Donghoon Kang
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Matthew D Meyer
- Shared Equipment Authority, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Citrupa Gopal
- Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Schertzer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York, USA
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85
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Migné CV, Heckmann A, Monsion B, Mohd Jaafar F, Galon C, Rakotobe S, Bell-Sakyi L, Moutailler S, Attoui H. Age- and Sex-Associated Pathogenesis of Cell Culture-Passaged Kemerovo Virus in IFNAR (-/-) Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3177. [PMID: 38542150 PMCID: PMC10970428 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25063177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Kemerovo virus (KEMV) is a tick-borne orbivirus transmitted by ticks of the genus Ixodes. Previous animal experimentation studies with orbiviruses, in particular the interferon receptor double knock-out (IFNAR(-/-)) mouse model, did not indicate bias that is related to age or sex. We endeavoured to assess the effect of serial and alternated passages of KEMV in mammalian or Ixodes cells on virus replication and potential virulence in male or female IFNAR(-/-) mice, with important age differences: younger males (4-5 months old), older males (14-15 months old), and old females (14-15 months old). After 30 serial passages in mammalian or tick cells, or alternated passages in the two cell types, older female mice which were inoculated with the resulting virus strains were the first to show clinical signs and die. Younger males behaved differently from older males whether they were inoculated with the parental strain of KEMV or with any of the cell culture-passaged strains. The groups of male and female mice inoculated with the mammalian cell culture-adapted KEMV showed the lowest viraemia. While older female and younger male mice died by day 6 post-inoculation, surprisingly, the older males survived until the end of the experiment, which lasted 10 days. RNA extracted from blood and organs of the various mice was tested by probe-based KEMV real-time RT-PCR. Ct values of the RNA extracts were comparable between older females and younger males, while the values for older males were >5 Ct units higher for the various organs, indicating lower levels of replication. It is noteworthy that the hearts of the old males were the only organs that were negative for KEMV RNA. These results suggest, for the first time, an intriguing age- and sex-related bias for an orbivirus in this animal model. Changes in the amino acid sequence of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of Kemerovo virus, derived from the first serial passage in Ixodes cells (KEMV Ps.IRE1), were identified in the vicinity of the active polymerase site. This finding suggests that selection of a subpopulation of KEMV with better replication fitness in tick cells occurred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Victoire Migné
- UMR1161 VIROLOGIE, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, ANSES, Université Paris-Est, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France; (C.V.M.); (B.M.); (F.M.J.)
- ANSES, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, UMR BIPAR, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France; (A.H.); (C.G.); (S.R.)
| | - Aurélie Heckmann
- ANSES, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, UMR BIPAR, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France; (A.H.); (C.G.); (S.R.)
| | - Baptiste Monsion
- UMR1161 VIROLOGIE, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, ANSES, Université Paris-Est, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France; (C.V.M.); (B.M.); (F.M.J.)
| | - Fauziah Mohd Jaafar
- UMR1161 VIROLOGIE, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, ANSES, Université Paris-Est, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France; (C.V.M.); (B.M.); (F.M.J.)
| | - Clémence Galon
- ANSES, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, UMR BIPAR, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France; (A.H.); (C.G.); (S.R.)
| | - Sabine Rakotobe
- ANSES, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, UMR BIPAR, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France; (A.H.); (C.G.); (S.R.)
| | - Lesley Bell-Sakyi
- Department of Infection Biology and Microbiomes, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, 146 Brownlow Hill, Liverpool L3 5RF, UK;
| | - Sara Moutailler
- ANSES, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, UMR BIPAR, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France; (A.H.); (C.G.); (S.R.)
| | - Houssam Attoui
- UMR1161 VIROLOGIE, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, ANSES, Université Paris-Est, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France; (C.V.M.); (B.M.); (F.M.J.)
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86
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Ed-Dra A, Giarratana F, White AP, Yue M. Editorial: Zoonotic bacteria: genomic evolution, antimicrobial resistance, pathogenicity, and prevention strategies. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1390732. [PMID: 38523715 PMCID: PMC10960643 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1390732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Abdelaziz Ed-Dra
- Laboratory of Engineering and Applied Technologies, Higher School of Technology, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Beni Mellal, Morocco
| | - Filippo Giarratana
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell'Annunziata, Messina, Italy
- Riconnexia srls, Spin-off of the University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell'Annunziata, Messina, Italy
| | - Aaron P. White
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization (VIDO), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Min Yue
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University College of Animal Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
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87
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Tyagi S, Sadhu S, Sharma T, Paul A, Pandey M, Nain VK, Rathore DK, Chatterjee S, Awasthi A, Pandey AK. VapC12 ribonuclease toxin modulates host immune response during Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1302163. [PMID: 38515752 PMCID: PMC10955575 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1302163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Mechanistic understanding of antibiotic persistence is a prerequisite in controlling the emergence of MDR cases in Tuberculosis (TB). We have reported that the cholesterol-induced activation of VapC12 ribonuclease is critical for disease persistence in TB. In this study, we observed that relative to the wild type, mice infected with ΔvapC12 induced a pro-inflammatory response, had a higher pathogen load, and responded better to the anti-TB treatment. In a high-dose infection model, all the mice infected with ΔvapC12 succumbed early to the disease. Finally, we reported that the above phenotype of ΔvapC12 was dependent on the presence of the TLR4 receptor. Overall, the data suggests that failure of a timely resolution of the early inflammation by the ΔvapC12 infected mice led to hyperinflammation, altered T-cell response and high bacterial load. In conclusion, our findings suggest the role of the VapC12 toxin in modulating the innate immune response of the host in ways that favor the long-term survival of the pathogen inside the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaifali Tyagi
- Mycobacterial Pathogenesis Laboratory, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Srikanth Sadhu
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Taruna Sharma
- Mycobacterial Pathogenesis Laboratory, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Abhijit Paul
- Complex Analysis Laboratory, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Manitosh Pandey
- Mycobacterial Pathogenesis Laboratory, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Vaibhav Kumar Nain
- Mycobacterial Pathogenesis Laboratory, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Deepak Kumar Rathore
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Samrat Chatterjee
- Complex Analysis Laboratory, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Amit Awasthi
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Amit Kumar Pandey
- Mycobacterial Pathogenesis Laboratory, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India
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Erratum: Resistance against two lytic phage variants attenuates virulence and antibiotic resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1391783. [PMID: 38510956 PMCID: PMC10951994 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1391783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1280265.].
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89
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Śmiga M, Ślęzak P, Olczak T. Comparative analysis of Porphyromonas gingivalis A7436 and ATCC 33277 strains reveals differences in the expression of heme acquisition systems. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0286523. [PMID: 38289063 PMCID: PMC10913741 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02865-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis strains exhibit different phenotypes in vitro, different virulence potential in animal models, and different associations with human diseases, with strains classified as virulent/more virulent (e.g., A7436 and W83) or as less virulent/avirulent (e.g., ATCC 33277). In this study, we comparatively analyzed the A7436 and ATCC 33277 strains to better understand their variability. Global gene expression analysis in response to heme and iron limitation revealed more pronounced differences in the A7436 than in the ATCC 33277 strain; however, in both strains, the largest changes were observed in genes encoding hypothetical proteins, genes whose products participate in energy metabolism, and in genes encoding proteins engaged in transport and binding proteins. Our results confirmed that variability between P. gingivalis strains is due to differences in the arrangement of their genomes. Analysis of gene expression of heme acquisition systems demonstrated that not only the availability of iron and heme in the external environment but also the ability to store iron intracellularly can influence the P. gingivalis phenotype. Therefore, we assume that differences in virulence potential may also be due to differences in the production of systems involved in iron and heme acquisition, mainly the Hmu system. In addition, our study showed that hemoglobin, in a concentration-dependent manner, differentially influences the virulence potential of P. gingivalis strains. We conclude that iron and heme homeostasis may add to the variability observed between P. gingivalis strains. IMPORTANCE Periodontitis belongs to a group of multifactorial diseases, characterized by inflammation and destruction of tooth-supporting tissues. P. gingivalis is one of the most important microbial factors involved in the initiation and progression of periodontitis. To survive in the host, the bacterium must acquire heme as a source of iron and protoporphyrin IX. P. gingivalis strains respond differently to changing iron and heme concentrations, which may be due to differences in the expression of systems involved in iron and heme acquisition. The ability to accumulate iron intracellularly, being different in more and less virulent P. gingivalis strains, may influence their phenotypes, production of virulence factors (including proteins engaged in heme acquisition), and virulence potential of this bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Śmiga
- Laboratory of Medical Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Paulina Ślęzak
- Laboratory of Medical Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Teresa Olczak
- Laboratory of Medical Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
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90
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Kang D, Xu Q, Kirienko NV. In vitro lung epithelial cell model reveals novel roles for Pseudomonas aeruginosa siderophores. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0369323. [PMID: 38311809 PMCID: PMC10913452 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03693-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The multidrug-resistant pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a common nosocomial respiratory pathogen that continues to threaten the lives of patients with mechanical ventilation in intensive care units and those with underlying comorbidities such as cystic fibrosis or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. For over 20 years, studies have repeatedly demonstrated that the major siderophore pyoverdine is an important virulence factor for P. aeruginosa in invertebrate and mammalian hosts in vivo. Despite its physiological significance, an in vitro, mammalian cell culture model that can be used to characterize the impact and molecular mechanisms of pyoverdine-mediated virulence has only been developed very recently. In this study, we adapt a previously-established, murine macrophage-based model to use human bronchial epithelial (16HBE) cells. We demonstrate that conditioned medium from P. aeruginosa induced rapid 16HBE cell death through the pyoverdine-dependent secretion of cytotoxic rhamnolipids. Genetic or chemical disruption of pyoverdine biosynthesis decreased rhamnolipid production and mitigated cell death. Consistent with these observations, chemical depletion of lipids or genetic disruption of rhamnolipid biosynthesis abrogated the toxicity of the conditioned medium. Furthermore, we also examine the effects of exposure to purified pyoverdine on 16HBE cells. While pyoverdine accumulated within cells, it was largely sequestered within early endosomes, resulting in minimal cytotoxicity. More membrane-permeable iron chelators, such as the siderophore pyochelin, decreased epithelial cell viability and upregulated several pro-inflammatory genes. However, pyoverdine potentiated these iron chelators in activating pro-inflammatory pathways. Altogether, these findings suggest that the siderophores pyoverdine and pyochelin play distinct roles in virulence during acute P. aeruginosa lung infection. IMPORTANCE Multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a versatile bacterium that frequently causes lung infections. This pathogen is life-threatening to mechanically-ventilated patients in intensive care units and is a debilitating burden for individuals with cystic fibrosis. However, the role of P. aeruginosa virulence factors and their regulation during infection are not fully understood. Previous murine lung infection studies have demonstrated that the production of siderophores (e.g., pyoverdine and pyochelin) is necessary for full P. aeruginosa virulence. In this report, we provide further mechanistic insight into this phenomenon. We characterize distinct and novel ways these siderophores contribute to virulence using an in vitro human lung epithelial cell culture model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghoon Kang
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Qi Xu
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
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91
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Roer L, Kaya H, Tedim AP, Novais C, Coque TM, Aarestrup FM, Peixe L, Hasman H, Hammerum AM, Freitas AR. VirulenceFinder for Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus lactis: an enhanced database for detection of putative virulence markers by using whole-genome sequencing data. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0372423. [PMID: 38329344 PMCID: PMC10913372 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03724-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Enterococcus faecium (Efm) is a leading cause of hospital-associated (HA) infections, often enriched in putative virulence markers (PVMs). Recently, the Efm clade B was assigned as Enterococcus lactis (Elts), which usually lack HA-Efm infection markers. Available databases for extracting PVM are incomplete and/or present an intermix of genes from Efm and Enterococcus faecalis, with distinct virulence profiles. In this study, we constructed a new database containing 27 PVMs [acm, scm, sgrA, ecbA, fnm, sagA, hylEfm, ptsD, orf1481, fms15, fms21-fms20 (pili gene cluster 1, PGC-1), fms14-fms17-fms13 (PGC-2), empA-empB-empC (PGC-3), fms11-fms19-fms16 (PGC-4), ccpA, bepA, gls20-glsB1, and gls33-glsB] from nine reference genomes (seven Efm + two Elts). The database was validated against these reference genomes and further evaluated using a collection of well-characterized Efm (n = 43) and Elts (n = 7) control strains, by assessing PVM presence/absence and its variants together with a genomic phylogeny constructed as single-nucleotide polymorphisms. We found a high concordance between the phylogeny and in silico findings of the PVM, with Elts clustering separately and mostly carrying Elts-specific PVM gene variants. Based on our validation results, we recommend using the database with raw reads instead of assemblies to avoid missing gene variants. This newly constructed database of 27 PVMs will enable a more comprehensive characterization of Efm and Elts based on WGS data. The developed database exhibits scalability and boasts a range of applications in public health, including diagnostics, outbreak investigations, and epidemiological studies. It can be further used in risk assessment for distinguishing between safe and unsafe enterococci.IMPORTANCEThe newly constructed database, consisting of 27 putative virulence markers, is highly scalable and serves as a valuable resource for the comprehensive characterization of these closely related species using WGS data. It holds significant potential for various public health applications, including hospital outbreak investigations, surveillance, and risk assessment for probiotics and feed additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Roer
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hülya Kaya
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ana P. Tedim
- Group for Biomedical Research in Sepsis (BioSepsis), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Grupo de Investigación Biomédica en Sepsis-BioSepsis, Hospital Universitario Río Hortega, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Valladollid, Spain
| | - Carla Novais
- UCIBIO, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Microbiologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Porto, Portugal
| | - Teresa M. Coque
- Department of Microbiology, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital and Ramón y Cajal Health Research Institute (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Network Research Centre for Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Frank M. Aarestrup
- Research Group for Genomic Epidemiology, Technical University of Denmark, National Food Institute, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Luísa Peixe
- UCIBIO, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Microbiologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Porto, Portugal
| | - Henrik Hasman
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anette M. Hammerum
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ana R. Freitas
- UCIBIO, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Microbiologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Porto, Portugal
- 1H-TOXRUN—One Health Toxicology Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences, CESPU, CRL, Gandra, Portugal
| | - On behalf of the ESCMID Study Group for Epidemiological Markers (ESGEM)
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Group for Biomedical Research in Sepsis (BioSepsis), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Grupo de Investigación Biomédica en Sepsis-BioSepsis, Hospital Universitario Río Hortega, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Valladollid, Spain
- UCIBIO, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Microbiologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Microbiology, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital and Ramón y Cajal Health Research Institute (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Network Research Centre for Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Research Group for Genomic Epidemiology, Technical University of Denmark, National Food Institute, Lyngby, Denmark
- 1H-TOXRUN—One Health Toxicology Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences, CESPU, CRL, Gandra, Portugal
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Uwanibe JN, Olawoye IB, Happi CT, Folarin OA. Genomic Characterization of Multidrug-Resistant Pathogenic Enteric Bacteria from Healthy Children in Osun State, Nigeria. Microorganisms 2024; 12:505. [PMID: 38543556 PMCID: PMC10974654 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12030505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is responsible for the spread and persistence of bacterial infections. Surveillance of AMR in healthy individuals is usually not considered, though these individuals serve as reservoirs for continuous disease transmission. Therefore, it is essential to conduct epidemiological surveillance of AMR in healthy individuals to fully understand the dynamics of AMR transmission in Nigeria. Thirteen multidrug-resistant Citrobacter spp., Enterobacter spp., Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Escherichia coli isolated from stool samples of healthy children were subjected to whole genome sequencing (WGS) using Illumina and Oxford nanopore sequencing platforms. A bioinformatics analysis revealed antimicrobial resistance genes such as the pmrB_Y358N gene responsible for colistin resistance detected in E. coli ST219, virulence genes such as senB, and ybtP&Q, and plasmids in the isolates sequenced. All isolates harbored more than three plasmid replicons of either the Col and/or Inc type. Plasmid reconstruction revealed an integrated tetA gene, a toxin production caa gene in two E. coli isolates, and a cusC gene in K. quasivariicola ST3879, which induces neonatal meningitis. The global spread of AMR pathogenic enteric bacteria is of concern, and surveillance should be extended to healthy individuals, especially children. WGS for epidemiological surveillance will improve the detection of AMR pathogens for management and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica N. Uwanibe
- African Center of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (ACEGID), Redeemer’s University, Oshogbo 232102, Osun State, Nigeria; (J.N.U.); (I.B.O.); (C.T.H.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Redeemer’s University, Oshogbo 232102, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Idowu B. Olawoye
- African Center of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (ACEGID), Redeemer’s University, Oshogbo 232102, Osun State, Nigeria; (J.N.U.); (I.B.O.); (C.T.H.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Redeemer’s University, Oshogbo 232102, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Christian T. Happi
- African Center of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (ACEGID), Redeemer’s University, Oshogbo 232102, Osun State, Nigeria; (J.N.U.); (I.B.O.); (C.T.H.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Redeemer’s University, Oshogbo 232102, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Onikepe A. Folarin
- African Center of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (ACEGID), Redeemer’s University, Oshogbo 232102, Osun State, Nigeria; (J.N.U.); (I.B.O.); (C.T.H.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Redeemer’s University, Oshogbo 232102, Osun State, Nigeria
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LaFrentz BR, Khoo LH, Lawrence ML, Petrie-Hanson L, Hanson LA, Baumgartner WA, Hemstreet WG, Kelly AM, García JC, Shelley JP, Johnston AE, Bruce TJ, Griffin MJ. Flavobacterium covae is the predominant species of columnaris-causing bacteria impacting the Channel Catfish industry in the southeastern United States. J Aquat Anim Health 2024; 36:3-15. [PMID: 37859458 DOI: 10.1002/aah.10207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Columnaris disease is a leading cause of disease-related losses in the catfish industry of the southeastern United States. The term "columnaris-causing bacteria" (CCB) has been coined in reference to the four described species that cause columnaris disease: Flavobacterium columnare, F. covae, F. davisii, and F. oreochromis. Historically, F. columnare, F. covae, and F. davisii have been isolated from columnaris disease cases in the catfish industry; however, there is a lack of knowledge of which CCB species are most prevalent in farm-raised catfish. The current research objectives were to (1) sample columnaris disease cases from the U.S. catfish industry and identify the species of CCB involved and (2) determine the virulence of the four CCB species in Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus in controlled laboratory challenges. METHODS Bacterial isolates or swabs of external lesions from catfish were collected from 259 columnaris disease cases in Mississippi and Alabama during 2015-2019. The DNA extracted from the samples was analyzed using a CCB-specific multiplex polymerase chain reaction to identify the CCB present in each diagnostic case. Channel Catfish were challenged by immersion with isolates belonging to each CCB species to determine virulence at ~28°C and 20°C. RESULT Flavobacterium covae was identified as the predominant CCB species impacting the U.S. catfish industry, as it was present in 94.2% (n = 244) of diagnostic case submissions. Challenge experiments demonstrated that F. covae and F. oreochromis were highly virulent to Channel Catfish, with most isolates resulting in near 100% mortality. In contrast, F. columnare and F. davisii were less virulent, with most isolates resulting in less than 40% mortality. CONCLUSION Collectively, these results demonstrate that F. covae is the predominant CCB in the U.S. catfish industry, and research aimed at developing new control and prevention strategies should target this bacterial species. The methods described herein can be used to continue monitoring the prevalence of CCB in the catfish industry and can be easily applied to other industries to identify which Flavobacterium species have the greatest impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin R LaFrentz
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Aquatic Animal Health Research Unit, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Lester H Khoo
- Thad Cochran National Warmwater Aquaculture Center, Aquatic Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Stoneville, Mississippi, USA
| | - Mark L Lawrence
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Starkville, Mississippi, USA
| | - Lora Petrie-Hanson
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Starkville, Mississippi, USA
| | - Larry A Hanson
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Starkville, Mississippi, USA
| | - Wes A Baumgartner
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Starkville, Mississippi, USA
| | - William G Hemstreet
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, College of Agriculture, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Anita M Kelly
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, College of Agriculture, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Julio C García
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Aquatic Animal Health Research Unit, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - John P Shelley
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Aquatic Animal Health Research Unit, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Amber E Johnston
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Aquatic Animal Health Research Unit, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Timothy J Bruce
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, College of Agriculture, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Matt J Griffin
- Thad Cochran National Warmwater Aquaculture Center, Aquatic Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Stoneville, Mississippi, USA
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94
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Zhou SM, Shu FL, Liu H, Qian D, Xie JS, Wang YJ, Yin F. Disruption of a kasB homolog gene (kasB) causes attenuation of cell invasion and virulence of Nocardia seriolae. J Fish Dis 2024; 47:e13896. [PMID: 38054569 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Nocardia seriolae is the primary aetiological agent of nocardiosis in fish, which causes mass mortality in freshwater and marine fish. β-ketoacyl-ACP synthase (KAS) is one of the essential enzymes in the synthesis of mycolic acids (MASs) in Mycobacterium spp. and has been chosen as the target for therapeutic intervention in mycobacterial diseases. In the present study, a kasB homologue gene (kasB) was identified in the genome of N. seriolae, and the gene-deficient mutant (ΔkasB) was generated based on a clinical isolate, XSYC-Ns. Compared to the wild-type (WT) strain, the ΔkasB showed a measurably growth defect in vitro but retained the acid-fastness in acid-fast staining. Observation of the cell ultrastructure showed some alterations in the cell wall of the ΔkasB strain. Compared to its original strain, the cell wall lipid layer seemed sparser, and a wider electron-transparent zone was observed in the cell wall of ΔkasB strain. Moreover, the ΔkasB strain showed impaired ability of cell invasion as well as intracellular survival in the cell line originating from the head-kidney of the large yellow croaker (LYC-hK), compared to its original strain. In addition, the deficiency of ΔkasB significantly attenuated the virulence of N. seriolae in largemouth bass. The present study suggested that the ΔkasB gene might be involved in the synthesis of extracellular cell-wall lipids in N. seriolae and play a crucial role in its pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Ming Zhou
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Applied Marine Biotechnology, School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Feng-Ling Shu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Applied Marine Biotechnology, School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Applied Marine Biotechnology, School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Dong Qian
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Applied Marine Biotechnology, School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jia-Song Xie
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Applied Marine Biotechnology, School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Ya-Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Applied Marine Biotechnology, School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Fei Yin
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Applied Marine Biotechnology, School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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95
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Dechêne-Tempier M, de Boisséson C, Lucas P, Bougeard S, Libante V, Marois-Créhan C, Payot S. Virulence genes, resistome and mobilome of Streptococcus suis strains isolated in France. Microb Genom 2024; 10:001224. [PMID: 38536216 PMCID: PMC10995628 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.001224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is a leading cause of infection in pigs, causing extensive economic losses. In addition, it can also infect wild fauna, and can be responsible for severe infections in humans. Increasing antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has been described in S. suis worldwide and most of the AMR genes are carried by mobile genetic elements (MGEs). This contributes to their dissemination by horizontal gene transfer. A collection of 102 strains isolated from humans, pigs and wild boars in France was subjected to whole genome sequencing in order to: (i) study their genetic diversity, (ii) evaluate their content in virulence-associated genes, (iii) decipher the mechanisms responsible for their AMR and their association with MGEs, and (iv) study their ability to acquire extracellular DNA by natural transformation. Analysis by hierarchical clustering on principal components identified a few virulence-associated factors that distinguish invasive CC1 strains from the other strains. A plethora of AMR genes (n=217) was found in the genomes. Apart from the frequently reported erm(B) and tet(O) genes, more recently described AMR genes were identified [vga(F)/sprA, vat(D)]. Modifications in PBPs/MraY and GyrA/ParC were detected in the penicillin- and fluoroquinolone-resistant isolates respectively. New AMR gene-MGE associations were detected. The majority of the strains have the full set of genes required for competence, i.e for the acquisition of extracellular DNA (that could carry AMR genes) by natural transformation. Hence the risk of dissemination of these AMR genes should not be neglected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Dechêne-Tempier
- Anses Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, Unité Mycoplasmologie, Bactériologie et Antibiorésistance, BP53 22440 Ploufragan, France
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, DynAMic, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Claire de Boisséson
- Anses Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, Unité Mycoplasmologie, Bactériologie et Antibiorésistance, BP53 22440 Ploufragan, France
| | - Pierrick Lucas
- Anses Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, Unité Génétique Virale et Biosécurité, BP53 22440 Ploufragan, France
| | - Stéphanie Bougeard
- Anses Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, Unité Épidémiologie, santé et bien-être, BP53 22440 Ploufragan, France
| | | | - Corinne Marois-Créhan
- Anses Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, Unité Mycoplasmologie, Bactériologie et Antibiorésistance, BP53 22440 Ploufragan, France
| | - Sophie Payot
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, DynAMic, F-54000 Nancy, France
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96
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Kipper D, De Carli S, de Souza Zanetti N, Mascitti AK, Kazantzi Fonseca AS, Ikuta N, Lunge VR. Evolution and genomic profile of Salmonella enterica serovar Gallinarum biovar Pullorum isolates from Brazil. Avian Dis 2024; 68:2-9. [PMID: 38687101 DOI: 10.1637/aviandiseases-d-23-00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Gallinarum biovar Pullorum (S. Pullorum) is a pathogenic bacterium that causes Pullorum disease (PD). PD is an acute systemic disease that affects young chickens, causing white diarrhea and high mortality. Although many sanitary programs have been carried out to eradicate S. Pullorum, PD outbreaks have been reported in different types of birds (layers, broilers, breeders) worldwide. This study aimed to evaluate the evolution and genetic characteristics of S. Pullorum isolated from PD in Brazil. Phylogenetic analysis of S. Pullorum genomes sequenced in this study and available genomic databases demonstrated that all isolates from Brazil are from sequence type 92 (ST92) and cluster into two lineages (III and IV). ColpVC, IncFIC(FII), and IncFII(S) were plasmid replicons frequently found in the Brazilian lineages. Two resistance genes (aac(6')-Iaa, conferring resistance to aminoglycoside, disinfecting agents, and antiseptics (mdf(A)) and tetracycline (mdf(A)) were detected frequently. Altogether, these results are important to understand the circulation of S. Pullorum and, consequently, to develop strategies to reduce losses due to PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diéssy Kipper
- Simbios Biotecnologia, Cachoeirinha, 94940-030, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Silvia De Carli
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, 92425-350, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Nathalie de Souza Zanetti
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, 92425-350, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Andrea Karoline Mascitti
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Caxias do Sul (UCS), Caxias do Sul, 95070-560, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Nilo Ikuta
- Simbios Biotecnologia, Cachoeirinha, 94940-030, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Vagner Ricardo Lunge
- Simbios Biotecnologia, Cachoeirinha, 94940-030, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil,
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, 92425-350, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Caxias do Sul (UCS), Caxias do Sul, 95070-560, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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97
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Sheikh AA, Schneiderman D, Sykes EME, Kumar A, Chen W, Lapen DR, Khan IUH. Three novel multiplex PCR assays for rapid detection of virulence, antimicrobial resistance, and toxin genes in Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-baumannii complex species. Lett Appl Microbiol 2024; 77:ovae027. [PMID: 38460955 DOI: 10.1093/lambio/ovae027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
The Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-baumannii (ACB) complex is an often-overlooked group of nosocomial pathogens with a significant environmental presence. Rapid molecular screening methods for virulence, antimicrobial resistance, and toxin (VAT) genes are required to investigate the potential pathogenicity of environmental isolates. This study aimed to develop and apply novel ACB complex-specific multiplex PCR (mPCR) primers and protocols for the rapid detection of eight VAT genes. We optimized three single-tube mPCR assays using reference DNA from ACB complex and other Acinetobacter species. These assays were then applied to detect VAT genes in cultured ACB complex isolates recovered from clinical and environmental sources. Widespread detection of VAT genes in environmental isolates confirmed the validity, functionality, and applicability of these novel assays. Overall, the three newly developed ACB complex species-specific mPCR assays are rapid and simple tools that can be adopted in diagnostic and clinical lab settings. The detection of VAT genes in environmental isolates suggests that environmental niches could serve as a reservoir for potentially pathogenic ACB complex and warrants further investigation. The newly developed mPCR assays are specific, sensitive, and efficient, making them well-suited for high-throughput screening in epidemiological studies and evaluating the potential pathogenicity of ACB complex recovered from various sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander A Sheikh
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, K1A 0C6, ON, Canada
| | - Danielle Schneiderman
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, K1A 0C6, ON, Canada
| | - Ellen M E Sykes
- Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, R3T 2N2, MB, Canada
| | - Ayush Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, R3T 2N2, MB, Canada
| | - Wen Chen
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, K1A 0C6, ON, Canada
| | - David R Lapen
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, K1A 0C6, ON, Canada
| | - Izhar U H Khan
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, K1A 0C6, ON, Canada
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98
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Klemm EJ, Nisar MI, Bawn M, Nasrin D, Qamar FN, Page A, Qadri F, Shakoor S, Zaidi AKM, Levine MM, Dougan G, Kingsley RA. Genomic analysis of clinical Aeromonas isolates reveals genetic diversity but little evidence of genetic determinants for diarrhoeal disease. Microb Genom 2024; 10:001211. [PMID: 38451244 PMCID: PMC10999740 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.001211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Aeromonas spp. are associated with a number of infectious syndromes in humans including gastroenteritis and dysentery. Our understanding of the genetic diversity, population structure, virulence determinants and antimicrobial resistance of the genus has been limited by a lack of sequenced genomes linked to metadata. We performed a comprehensive analysis of the whole genome sequences of 447 Aeromonas isolates from children in Karachi, Pakistan, with moderate-to-severe diarrhoea (MSD) and from matched controls without diarrhoea that were collected as part of the Global Enteric Multicenter Study (GEMS). Human-associated Aeromonas isolates exhibited high species diversity and extensive antimicrobial and virulence gene content. Aeromonas caviae, A. dhankensis, A. veronii and A. enteropelogenes were all significantly associated with MSD in at least one cohort group. The maf2 and lafT genes that encode components of polar and lateral flagella, respectively, exhibited a weak association with isolates originating from cases of gastroenteritis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Muhammad Imran Nisar
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Matt Bawn
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, UK
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Dilruba Nasrin
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Farah Naz Qamar
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Farheen Qadri
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sadia Shakoor
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Anita KM Zaidi
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
- Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Myron M. Levine
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Gordon Dougan
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease, University of Cambridge, England, UK
| | - Robert A. Kingsley
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, UK
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
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99
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Zhou A, Wang J, Chen X, Xia M, Feng Y, Ji F, Huang L, Kang Z, Zhan G. Virulence Characterization of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici in China Using the Chinese and Yr Single-Gene Differentials. Plant Dis 2024; 108:671-683. [PMID: 37721522 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-08-23-1524-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), is one of the most important diseases of wheat. Identifying Pst races is essential for developing resistant cultivars and managing the disease. In this study, 608 isolates collected from China in 2021 were tested with the Chinese set of 19 wheat variety differentials and the set of 18 Yr single-gene differentials. Of the 119 races detected with the Chinese set of differentials, 94 were new. A higher number (149) of races were identified using the Yr single-gene differentials. The frequencies of virulence factors to 17 of the 19 Chinese differential varieties and to 10 of the 18 Yr single-gene differentials were high (>60%). None of the isolates were virulent to the differentials Zhong 4 (Yr genes unknown) and Triticum spelta Album (Yr5) in the Chinese set and the Yr5 and Yr15 lines in the single-gene set of differentials, indicating that these genes or varieties are effective against the Pst population detected in 2021. Using Nei's genetic distance, the 16 provincial Pst populations were clustered into six groups based on the Chinese set and eight groups based on the Yr single-gene set of differentials. In addition, we found that the same races identified using the Chinese differentials could be further differentiated into different races using the Yr single-gene differentials, suggesting a higher differential capability than the Chinese set of differentials. The results provide a scientific basis for monitoring Pst populations and guiding resistance breeding in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aihong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P.R. China
| | - Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P.R. China
| | - Xianming Chen
- USDA-ARS, Wheat Health, Genetics, and Quality Research Unit and Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6430, U.S.A
| | - Minghao Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P.R. China
| | - Yaoxuan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P.R. China
| | - Fan Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P.R. China
| | - Lili Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P.R. China
| | - Zhensheng Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P.R. China
| | - Gangming Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P.R. China
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100
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Orgeur M, Sous C, Madacki J, Brosch R. Evolution and emergence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2024; 48:fuae006. [PMID: 38365982 PMCID: PMC10906988 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuae006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the deadliest infectious diseases in human history, prevailing even in the 21st century. The causative agents of TB are represented by a group of closely related bacteria belonging to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC), which can be subdivided into several lineages of human- and animal-adapted strains, thought to have shared a last common ancestor emerged by clonal expansion from a pool of recombinogenic Mycobacterium canettii-like tubercle bacilli. A better understanding of how MTBC populations evolved from less virulent mycobacteria may allow for discovering improved TB control strategies and future epidemiologic trends. In this review, we highlight new insights into the evolution of mycobacteria at the genus level, describing different milestones in the evolution of mycobacteria, with a focus on the genomic events that have likely enabled the emergence and the dominance of the MTBC. We also review the recent literature describing the various MTBC lineages and highlight their particularities and differences with a focus on host preferences and geographic distribution. Finally, we discuss on putative mechanisms driving the evolution of tubercle bacilli and mycobacteria in general, by taking the mycobacteria-specific distributive conjugal transfer as an example.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mickael Orgeur
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 6047, Unit for Integrated Mycobacterial Pathogenomics, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Camille Sous
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 6047, Unit for Integrated Mycobacterial Pathogenomics, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Jan Madacki
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 6047, Unit for Integrated Mycobacterial Pathogenomics, 75015 Paris, France
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 2000, Unit for Human Evolutionary Genetics, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Roland Brosch
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 6047, Unit for Integrated Mycobacterial Pathogenomics, 75015 Paris, France
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