101
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Joshi D, Kothari C, Patel N. Derivatization-Based Novel Chromatographic and Spectrophotometric Methods for the Simultaneous Determination of Gymnemic Acid and Resveratrol in Antidiabetic Polyherbal Formulation. J Chromatogr Sci 2024; 62:101-107. [PMID: 37963414 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmad084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Herbal medicine is widely used for the treatment and prevention of various ailments, highlighting the importance of ensuring its consistency and quality. This research focuses on the simultaneous detection of Gymnemic acid (GYM) and Resveratrol (RES) in an antidiabetic polyherbal formulation as no reported method exists for their simultaneously detection. The objective of this study is to develop and validate novel derivatization-based spectrometric and HPTLC methods for the simultaneous determination of GYM and RES. The spectrophotometric method involved derivatization of GYM with benzoyl chloride, followed by measurement of absorbance at 349 nm an isoabsorptive point. The HPTLC method utilized post derivatization with vanillin-sulfuric acid, and its separation was achieved on pre-coated silica gel 60GF254 using chloroform:methanol:glacial acetic acid (13:4:0.1, v/v/v) as mobile phase and estimated at 575 nm. The developed method exhibits linearity, accuracy, precision, LOD, LOQ, specificity and robustness in accordance with the ICH Q2 (R1) guideline. The percent assay of GYM and RES in the marketed capsule formulation was statistically compared using an unpaired t-test, resulting in a range of 99.51-102.65%. These indicate no significant difference between the proposed method and the marketed formulation. Therefore, both novel methods can be interchangeably used for quality control of GYM and RES in polyherbal formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhruv Joshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, SG Highway, Ahmedabad 382481, Gujarat, India
| | - Charmy Kothari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, SG Highway, Ahmedabad 382481, Gujarat, India
| | - Nrupesh Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, SG Highway, Ahmedabad 382481, Gujarat, India
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Prajapati P, Radadiya K, Shah S. Principal Component Analysis and DoE-Based AQbD Approach to Multipurpose HPTLC Method for Synchronous Estimation of Multiple FDCs of Metformin HCl, Repaglinide, Glibenclamide and Pioglitazone HCl. J Chromatogr Sci 2024; 62:108-119. [PMID: 35797718 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmac055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Metformin HCl (MET) is a mostly used antidiabetic drug and several fixed-dose combinations are available in the market with other antidiabetic drugs for the treatment of insulin-independent diabetes. Numerous chromatographic methods have been reported for the estimation of multiple fixed dose combination (FDC) of MET but each FDC needs a separate and dedicated chromatographic method for analysis. No chromatographic method has been reported yet in the literature which promotes synchronous estimation of multiple FDCs of MET to minimize organic solvent consumption, time and cost of analysis. Hence, the multipurpose-high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) method was developed for the synchronous estimation of FDCs of MET by the implementation of an enhanced analytical quality by design approach. Principal component analysis was applied for the identification of critical method risk parameters. Box-Behnken design was applied for response surface analysis. The method operable design ranges was navigated and the control strategy was framed. The developed method was applied for the analysis of multiple FDCs of metformin. The developed method can synchronously analyze multiple FDCs of MET which required several chromatographic methods. Hence, the present method is multipurpose-HPTLC for the synchronous estimation of multiple FDCs of MET which required minimum organic solvent, time and cost of analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pintu Prajapati
- Department of Quality Assurance, Maliba Pharmacy College, Uka Tarsadia University, Bardoli-Mahuva Road, Tarsadi, Mahuva, Surat 394 350, India
| | - Khushbu Radadiya
- Department of Quality Assurance, Maliba Pharmacy College, Uka Tarsadia University, Bardoli-Mahuva Road, Tarsadi, Mahuva, Surat 394 350, India
| | - Shailesh Shah
- Department of Quality Assurance, Maliba Pharmacy College, Uka Tarsadia University, Bardoli-Mahuva Road, Tarsadi, Mahuva, Surat 394 350, India
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103
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Gupta T, Rani D, Nainwal LM, Badhwar R. Advancement in chiral heterocycles for the antidiabetic activity. Chirality 2024; 36:e23637. [PMID: 38384150 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
For the synthesis and development of pharmaceuticals, chirality is an important structural component. Chiral heterocyclic compounds have annoyed the interest of synthetic chemists who are working to create useful and efficient techniques for these molecules. As indicated by the expanding number of chiral drugs created in the last two decades, the link between chirality and pharmacological activity has become more important in the pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical industries. Approximately 65% of currently used drugs are chiral, and many of them are promoted as racemates in many circumstances. There are a growing number of new chiral heterocyclic compounds with important biological properties and intriguing uses in medical chemistry and drug discovery. In this study, we review current breakthroughs in chiral heterocycles and their different physiological activities that have been published in the last year (from 2010 to early 2023). This study focuses on the current trends in the use of chiral heterocycles in drug design and the creation of several powerful and competent candidates for diabetic illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinku Gupta
- Department of Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Dimpy Rani
- School of Medical and Allied Sciences, G.D. Goenka University, Haryana, India
| | - Lalit Mohan Nainwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, KIET School of Pharmacy, KIET Group of Institutions, Ghaziabad, India
| | - Reena Badhwar
- Department of Pharmacy, SGT University, Budhera, Haryana, India
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104
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Foster TP, Jacobsen LM, Bruggeman B, Salmon C, Hosford J, Chen A, Cintron M, Mathews CE, Wasserfall C, Brusko MA, Brusko TM, Atkinson MA, Schatz DA, Haller MJ. Low-Dose Antithymocyte Globulin: A Pragmatic Approach to Treating Stage 2 Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes Care 2024; 47:285-289. [PMID: 38117469 PMCID: PMC10834389 DOI: 10.2337/dc23-1750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Low-dose antithymocyte globulin (ATG) (2.5 mg/kg) preserves C-peptide and reduces HbA1c in new-onset stage 3 type 1 diabetes, yet efficacy in delaying progression from stage 2 to stage 3 has not been evaluated. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Children (n = 6) aged 5-14 years with stage 2 type 1 diabetes received off-label, low-dose ATG. HbA1c, C-peptide, continuous glucose monitoring, insulin requirements, and side effects were followed for 18-48 months. RESULTS Three subjects (50%) remained diabetes free after 1.5, 3, and 4 years of follow-up, while three developed stage 3 within 1-2 months after therapy. Eighteen months posttreatment, even disease progressors demonstrated near-normal HbA1c (5.1% [32 mmol/mol], 5.6% [38 mmol/mol], and 5.3% [34 mmol/mol]), time in range (93%, 88%, and 98%), low insulin requirements (0.17, 0.18, and 0.34 units/kg/day), and robust C-peptide 90 min after mixed meal (1.3 ng/dL, 2.3 ng/dL, and 1.4 ng/dL). CONCLUSIONS These observations support additional prospective studies evaluating ATG in stage 2 type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy P. Foster
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Laura M. Jacobsen
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, Diabetes Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Brittany Bruggeman
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Chelsea Salmon
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Jennifer Hosford
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Angela Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Miriam Cintron
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Clayton E. Mathews
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, Diabetes Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Clive Wasserfall
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, Diabetes Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Maigan A. Brusko
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, Diabetes Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Todd M. Brusko
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, Diabetes Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Mark A. Atkinson
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, Diabetes Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Desmond A. Schatz
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, Diabetes Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Michael J. Haller
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, Diabetes Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
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105
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Daya NR, Fang M, Mathew M, Shin JI, Pankow J, Lutsey PL, Valint A, Echouffo-Tcheugui JB, Selvin E. 1,5-Anhydroglucitol: A Novel Biomarker of Adherence to Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors. Diabetes Care 2024; 47:e9-e10. [PMID: 38091486 PMCID: PMC10834388 DOI: 10.2337/dc23-2035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie R. Daya
- Department of Epidemiology and the Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Michael Fang
- Department of Epidemiology and the Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Mahesh Mathew
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Jung-Im Shin
- Department of Epidemiology and the Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - James Pankow
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Pamela L. Lutsey
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Arielle Valint
- University of North Carolina Gillings School of Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Justin B. Echouffo-Tcheugui
- Department of Epidemiology and the Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Elizabeth Selvin
- Department of Epidemiology and the Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
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106
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Kim MH, Suri Y, Rajendran I, Pineda JRET. Potential Utility of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors in Treating Myocarditis. Am J Med 2024; 137:e33-e34. [PMID: 37871733 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2023.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael H Kim
- The University of Arizona College of Medicine - Tucson
| | - Yash Suri
- The University of Arizona College of Medicine - Tucson
| | - Iniya Rajendran
- Sarver Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine - Tucson; Department of Cardiology, Banner - University Medical Center Tucson, Arizona
| | - J R Exequiel T Pineda
- Sarver Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine - Tucson; Department of Cardiology, Banner - University Medical Center Tucson, Arizona.
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107
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Chen YY, Chang HC, Lin YJ, Chien KL, Hsieh YC, Chung FP, Lin CH, Lip GYH, Chen SA. The impact of sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors on dementia and cardiovascular events in diabetic patients with atrial fibrillation. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2024; 40:e3775. [PMID: 38340046 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
AIMS The effectiveness of sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) on incident dementia in patients with diabetes and atrial fibrillation (AF) remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate the association between SGLT2i and the risk of incident dementia in diabetic patients with AF, and to explore the interactions with oral anticoagulants or dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP4i). MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a cohort study using Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database. Patients with diabetes and AFwithout a prior history of established cardiovascular diseases, were identified. Using propensity score matching, 810 patients receiving SGLT2i were matched with 1620 patients not receiving SGLT2i. The primary outcome was incident dementia, and secondary outcomes included composite cardiovascular events and mortality. RESULTS After up to 5 years of follow-up, SGLT2i use was associated with a significantly lower risk of incident dementia (hazard: 0.71, 95% confidence interval: 0.51-0.98), particularly vascular dementia (HR: 0.44, 95% CI: 0.24-0.82). SGLT2i was related to reduced risks of AF-related hospitalisation (HR: 0.72, 95% CI: 0.56-0.93), stroke (HR: 0.75, 95% CI: 0.60-0.94), and all-cause death (HR: 0.33, 95% CI: 0.24-0.44). The protective effects were consistent irrespective of the concurrent use of non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) or DPP4i. CONCLUSIONS In diabetic patients with AF, SGLT2i was associated with reduced risks of incident dementia, AF-related hospitalisation, stroke, and all-cause death. The protective effects were independent of either concurrent use of NOACs or DPP4i.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Yu Chen
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Heart Rhythm Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine and College of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Chih Chang
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taoyuan Branch, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yenn-Jiang Lin
- Heart Rhythm Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Liong Chien
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Cheng Hsieh
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Cardiovascular Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Fa-Po Chung
- Heart Rhythm Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Heng Lin
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Gregory Y H Lip
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science at University of Liverpool, Liverpool John Moores University and Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK
- Danish Center for Clinical Health Services Research, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Shih-Ann Chen
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Cardiovascular Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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108
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Sehgal S, Boucsein A, Styles S, Palmer O, Paul RG, Crocket H, de Bock M, Wheeler BJ. Do-it-yourself continuous glucose monitoring in people aged 16 to 69 years with type 1 diabetes: A qualitative study. Diabet Med 2024; 41:e15168. [PMID: 37393600 DOI: 10.1111/dme.15168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
AIMS In many countries, real-time continuous glucose monitoring (rt-CGM) is not funded, and cost presents a barrier to access. A do-it-yourself conversion of intermittently scanned CGM (DIY-CGM) is a cheaper alternative. This qualitative study aimed to explore user experiences with DIY-CGM in people aged 16 to 69 years with type 1 diabetes (T1D). METHODS Convenience sampling was used to recruit participants for semi-structured virtual interviews exploring experiences of DIY-CGM use. Participants were recruited after completing the intervention arm of a crossover randomised controlled trial that evaluated DIY-CGM versus intermittently scanned CGM (isCGM). Participants were previously naive to DIY-CGM and rt-CGM but not isCGM. The DIY-CGM intervention consisted of a Bluetooth bridge connected to isCGM, adding rt-CGM functionality over 8 weeks. Interviews were transcribed, then thematic analysis was performed. RESULTS Interviews were with 12 people aged 16 to 65 years, with T1D: mean age ± SD 43 ± 14 years; baseline mean HbA1c ± SD 60 mmol/mol ± 9.9 (7.6 ± 0.9%) and time in range 59.8% ± 14.8%. Participants perceived that using DIY-CGM improved both glycaemic control and aspects of quality of life. Alarm and trend functionality allowed participants to perceive reduced glycaemic variability overnight and following meals. The addition of a smartwatch increased discrete access to glucose information. There was a high degree of trust in DIY-CGM. Challenges while using DIY-CGM included signal loss during vigorous exercise, alarm fatigue and short battery life. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that for users, DIY-CGM appears to be an acceptable alternative method of rt-CGM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shekhar Sehgal
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Alisa Boucsein
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Sara Styles
- Department of Human Nutrition, Division of Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Octavia Palmer
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Ryan G Paul
- Te Huataki Waiora School of Health, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Hamish Crocket
- Te Huataki Waiora School of Health, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Martin de Bock
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
- Department of Paediatrics, Te Whatu Ora, Waitaha Canterbury, Canterbury, New Zealand
| | - Benjamin J Wheeler
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Department of Paediatrics, Te Whatu Ora Southern, Dunedin, New Zealand
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109
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O'Connor MJ, Ding X, Hernandez C, Hubacz L, Church RJ, O'Connor L. A Pilot Trial of Continuous Glucose Monitoring Upon Emergency Department Discharge Among People With Diabetes Mellitus. Endocr Pract 2024; 30:122-127. [PMID: 37952581 DOI: 10.1016/j.eprac.2023.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE People with diabetes mellitus, particularly those with limited access to longitudinal care, frequently present to the emergency department (ED). Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) has been shown to improve outcomes in ambulatory settings, so we hypothesized that it would be beneficial if initiated upon ED discharge. METHODS We randomized adults with diabetes who were seen in the ED for hypo- or hyperglycemia to either 14 days of flash CGM or care coordination alone. All participants were scheduled to follow up in our diabetes specialty clinic. Outcomes included clinic attendance, the 3-month change in hemoglobin A1c, and repeat ED utilization. RESULTS We recruited 30 participants, including 13 with newly diagnosed diabetes. All but one (97%) had type 2 diabetes. We found no significant difference between the CGM (n = 16) and control (n = 14) groups in terms of clinic attendance (75 vs 64%, P = .61) or repeat ED utilization (31 vs 50%, P = .35), although our power was low. The absolute reduction in A1c was greater in the CGM group (5.2 vs 2.4%, P = .08). Among newly diagnosed participants for whom we had data, 7 out of 7 in the CGM group had a follow-up A1c under 7% compared to 1 out of 3 in the control group (P = .03). Over 90% of patients and providers found the CGM useful. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate the feasibility of starting CGM in the ED, a valuable setting for engaging difficult-to-reach patients. Our pilot study was limited by its small sample size, however, as recruitment in the ED can be challenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J O'Connor
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts.
| | - Xinyi Ding
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Camila Hernandez
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Lisa Hubacz
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Richard J Church
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Laurel O'Connor
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
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110
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert N Sladen
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York (R.N.S.).
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111
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Washio T, Hissen SL, Takeda R, Akins JD, Wakeham DJ, Brazile T, Hearon CM, MacNamara JP, Sarma S, Levine BD, Fadel PJ, Fu Q. Potential for reducing resting sympathetic nerve activity with new classes of glucose-lowering drugs in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Clin Auton Res 2024; 34:223-226. [PMID: 38285071 PMCID: PMC11031183 DOI: 10.1007/s10286-023-01013-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Takuro Washio
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine at Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, 7232 Greenville Ave., Ste. 435, Dallas, TX, 75231-8205, USA
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Sarah L Hissen
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine at Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, 7232 Greenville Ave., Ste. 435, Dallas, TX, 75231-8205, USA
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ryosuke Takeda
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine at Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, 7232 Greenville Ave., Ste. 435, Dallas, TX, 75231-8205, USA
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - John D Akins
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine at Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, 7232 Greenville Ave., Ste. 435, Dallas, TX, 75231-8205, USA
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Denis J Wakeham
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine at Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, 7232 Greenville Ave., Ste. 435, Dallas, TX, 75231-8205, USA
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Tiffany Brazile
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine at Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, 7232 Greenville Ave., Ste. 435, Dallas, TX, 75231-8205, USA
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Christopher M Hearon
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine at Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, 7232 Greenville Ave., Ste. 435, Dallas, TX, 75231-8205, USA
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - James P MacNamara
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine at Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, 7232 Greenville Ave., Ste. 435, Dallas, TX, 75231-8205, USA
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Satyam Sarma
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine at Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, 7232 Greenville Ave., Ste. 435, Dallas, TX, 75231-8205, USA
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Benjamin D Levine
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine at Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, 7232 Greenville Ave., Ste. 435, Dallas, TX, 75231-8205, USA
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Paul J Fadel
- University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Qi Fu
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine at Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, 7232 Greenville Ave., Ste. 435, Dallas, TX, 75231-8205, USA.
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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112
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Kal S, Mahata S, Jati S, Mahata SK. Mitochondrial-derived peptides: Antidiabetic functions and evolutionary perspectives. Peptides 2024; 172:171147. [PMID: 38160808 PMCID: PMC10838678 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2023.171147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondrial-derived peptides (MDPs) are a novel class of bioactive microproteins encoded by short open-reading frames (sORF) in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Currently, three types of MDPs have been identified: Humanin (HN), MOTS-c (Mitochondrial ORF within Twelve S rRNA type-c), and SHLP1-6 (small Humanin-like peptide, 1 to 6). The 12 S ribosomal RNA (MT-RNR1) gene harbors the sequence for MOTS-c, whereas HN and SHLP1-6 are encoded by the 16 S ribosomal RNA (MT-RNR2) gene. Special genetic codes are used in mtDNA as compared to nuclear DNA: (i) ATA and ATT are used as start codons in addition to the standard start codon ATG; (ii) AGA and AGG are used as stop codons instead of coding for arginine; (iii) the standard stop codon UGA is used to code for tryptophan. While HN, SHLP6, and MOTS-c are encoded by the H (heavy owing to high guanine + thymine base composition)-strand of the mtDNA, SHLP1-5 are encoded by the L (light owing to less guanine + thymine base composition)-strand. MDPs attenuate disease pathology including Type 1 diabetes (T1D), Type 2 diabetes (T2D), gestational diabetes, Alzheimer's disease (AD), cardiovascular diseases, prostate cancer, and macular degeneration. The current review will focus on the MDP regulation of T2D, T1D, and gestational diabetes along with an emphasis on the evolutionary pressures for conservation of the amino acid sequences of MDPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satadeepa Kal
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sumana Mahata
- Department of Anesthesiology, Riverside University Health System, Moreno Valley, CA, USA
| | - Suborno Jati
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sushil K Mahata
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA.
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113
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Pandey S, Kumari S, Manohar Aeshala L, Singh S. Investigating temperature variability on antioxidative behavior of synthesized cerium oxide nanoparticle for potential biomedical application. J Biomater Appl 2024; 38:866-874. [PMID: 38173143 DOI: 10.1177/08853282231226037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CNP) have garnered significant attention due to their versatile redox properties and wound-healing applications. The antioxidative nature of CNP is due to its ability to be oxidized and reduced, followed by the capture or release of oxygen which is used for scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS). Herein, CNP is produced through a wet chemistry approach and its tunable redox property is tested across a range of temperatures. The synthesized CNP was observed to reveal the signature peak at 245 nm indicating a high Ce+3/Ce+4 ratio. Towards evaluating the redox antioxidative behavior, CNPs were subjected to a comprehensive analysis for superoxide dismutase mimetic analysis with riboflavin-mediated nitroblue tetrazolium scavenging assay. The results demonstrated that the redox activity of cerium oxide nanoparticles was strongly influenced by the different temperature ranges. Superoxide dismutase mimetic activity was observed to be reduced with a decrease in temperature as we moved from 4°C (80% activity) to -80°C (47% activity) at 1 mM conc of CNP. Similarly, the SOD mimetic activity increased with an increase in temperature from 40°C (72% activity) to 70°C (94% activity). Further, CNP was found to inhibit E. coli (gram+ve) and Enterobacter (gram-ve) beyond 70% simultaneously at 1 mM conc, indicating its potential application as a remarkable antimicrobial agent. CNP also inhibited the alpha-amylase activity up to the 60% at 1 mM conc suggesting its potential application in antidiabetic wound healing therapy. Overall, the CNP finds its application in mitigating the oxidative stress-related disorder exhibited by its high antioxidative, antimicrobial, and antidiabetic behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivam Pandey
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Chhattisgarh, Raipur, India
| | - Sneha Kumari
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Chhattisgarh, Raipur, India
| | - Leela Manohar Aeshala
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Warangal, Telangana, India
| | - Sushant Singh
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Chhattisgarh, Raipur, India
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Chow KW, Ibrahim B, Rahal K, Hsu RH, Tan T, Meneses K, Saab S. Semaglutide is effective in achieving weight loss in liver transplant recipients. Liver Transpl 2024; 30:223-225. [PMID: 37639288 DOI: 10.1097/lvt.0000000000000247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth W Chow
- Department of Medicine, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA
| | - Brittney Ibrahim
- Department of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kabir Rahal
- Department of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ryan H Hsu
- Department of Bioengineering, Jacobs School of Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Teresa Tan
- Department of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Katherine Meneses
- Department of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Sammy Saab
- Department of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Friebe L, Freitag MT, Braun M, Nicolas G, Bauman A, Bushnell D, Christ E, Wild D. Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy Is Effective for Clinical Control of Symptomatic Metastatic Insulinoma: A Long-Term Retrospective Analysis. J Nucl Med 2024; 65:228-235. [PMID: 38164592 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.123.265894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Metastatic insulinoma is a rare malignant neuroendocrine tumor characterized by inappropriate insulin secretion, resulting in life-threatening hypoglycemia, which is often difficult to treat. There is currently very limited information about the efficacy of peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) for clinical control of hypoglycemia. The aim of this long-term retrospective study was to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of PRRT for improving hypoglycemia, to evaluate the change of medication after PRRT, and to calculate progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Methods: Inclusion criteria were histologically proven somatostatin receptor-positive metastatic malignant insulinoma and at least 2 cycles of [90Y]Y-DOTATOC or [177Lu]Lu-DOTATOC therapy from early 2000 to early 2022. A semiquantitative scoring system was used to quantify the severity and frequency of hypoglycemic episodes under background antihypoglycemic therapy (somatostatin analog, diazoxide, everolimus, corticosteroids): score 0, no hypoglycemic episodes; score 1, hypoglycemic events requiring additional conservative treatment with optimization of nutrition; score 2, severe hypoglycemia necessitating hospitalization and combined medication or history of hypoglycemic coma. Hypoglycemic score before and after PRRT was analyzed. Time of benefit was defined as a time range of fewer hypoglycemic episodes in the observation period than at baseline. Information on antihypoglycemic medication before and after therapy, PFS, and OS was recorded. Results: Twenty-six of 32 patients with a total of 106 [90Y]Y-DOTATOC/[177Lu]Lu-DOTATOC cycles were included. The average observation period was 21.5 mo (range, 2.3-107.4 mo). Before therapy, 81% (n = 21) of the patients had a hypoglycemia score of 2 and 19% (n = 5) had a score of 1. After PRRT, 81% of patients (n = 21) had a decreased score, and the remaining 5 patients showed a stable situation. There was temporary worsening of hypoglycemia just after injection of [90Y]Y-DOTATOC/[177Lu]Lu-DOTATOC in 19% of patients. The average time of benefit in the observation period was 17.2 mo (range, 0-70.2 mo). Antihypoglycemic medication reduction was achieved in 58% (n = 15) of patients. The median OS and PFS after the start of PRRT were 19.7 mo (95% CI, 6.5-32.9 mo) and 11.7 mo (95% CI, 4.9-18.5 mo), respectively. Conclusion: To our knowledge, our study included the largest cohort of patients with malignant insulinoma to be evaluated. Long-lasting symptom control and reduction of antihypoglycemic medications were shown in most patients after late-line PRRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liene Friebe
- Clinic of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin T Freitag
- Clinic of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- ENETS Center of Excellence for Neuroendocrine and Endocrine Tumors, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Clinic of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Martin Braun
- Clinic of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Guillaume Nicolas
- Clinic of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- ENETS Center of Excellence for Neuroendocrine and Endocrine Tumors, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Bauman
- Clinic of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - David Bushnell
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa; and
| | - Emanuel Christ
- ENETS Center of Excellence for Neuroendocrine and Endocrine Tumors, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Damian Wild
- Clinic of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland;
- ENETS Center of Excellence for Neuroendocrine and Endocrine Tumors, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Lin TY, Kang EYC, Shao SC, Lai ECC, Wang NK, Garg SJ, Chen KJ, Kang JH, Wu WC, Lai CC, Hwang YS. Association of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors and the risk of retinal vascular occlusion: A real-world retrospective cohort study in Taiwan. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2024; 40:e3773. [PMID: 38598767 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) are proposed to alleviate the development of inflammatory eye diseases. However, the association between SGLT2i and retinal vascular occlusion remains unclear. Therefore, this study aims to explore the effects of SGLT2i on the incidence of retinal vascular occlusion. MATERIALS AND METHODS This retrospective cohort study analysed electronic medical records data from the largest multi-institutional database in Taiwan. Individuals who initiated SGLT2is and dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors (DPP4is) between 2016 and 2019 were included in our analysis. To conduct a homogenous comparison, inverse probability of treatment weighting with propensity scoring was employed. The primary outcome was retinal vascular occlusion, and the secondary outcomes were retinal vascular occlusion-related complications (macular oedema, vitreous haemorrhage, and tractional retinal detachment) and conditions requiring vitreoretinal intervention (intravitreal injection, retinal laser therapy, and vitrectomy). RESULTS In total, 12,074 SGLT2i users and 39,318 DPP4i users were included. The incidence rate of retinal vascular occlusion in the SGLT2i and DPP4i groups was 1.2 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.9-1.4) and 1.6 (95% CI, 1.3-1.8) events per 1000 person-years, respectively, which yielded a subdistribution hazard ratio (SHR) of 0.74 (95% CI, 0.55-0.99). Similar risk reductions were observed in the retinal vascular occlusion-related complications (SHR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.69-0.84) and conditions requiring vitreoretinal intervention (SHR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.77-0.94). CONCLUSIONS In this multi-institutional study in Taiwan, SGLT2i use was associated with a reduced risk of retinal vascular occlusion. Further prospective studies are required to ascertain this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Yi Lin
- Department of Education, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Eugene Yu-Chuan Kang
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chieh Shao
- Department of Pharmacy, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Edward Chia-Cheng Lai
- School of Pharmacy, Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Nan-Kai Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sunir J Garg
- Mid Atlantic Retina, The Retina Service of Wills Eye Hospital, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kuan-Jen Chen
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Je-Ho Kang
- Department of Nephrology, Yang Ming Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chi Wu
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chun Lai
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yih-Shiou Hwang
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jen-Ai Hospital Dali Branch, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiamen Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Xiamen, China
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Ur Rahman A, Nasir F, Ali Khattak M, Hidayatullah T, Pervez S, Rabqa Zainab S, Tahir Ali A, Gohar S, E Maryam G, Almalki WH. Comparative pharmacokinetic evaluation of glimepiride orodispersable and conventional tablets in rabbits. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2024; 50:173-180. [PMID: 38265062 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2024.2307421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Glimepiride Orodispersable Tablets (ODT) were prepared with the goal to have rapid onset of action and higher bioavailability with ease administration to individuals with swallowing difficulty to ameliorate patient compliance. SIGNIFICANCE Glimepiride is a contemporary hypoglycemic medication that belongs to the family of sulfonylurea derivatives. It is used in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Compliance adherence remains one of the limitations with the conventional drug delivery system especially in pediatric, geriatric, psychiatric, and traveling patients, for such population ODT provides a good alternate dosage form compared with Commercial Tablets. METHOD The Comparative in vivo pharmacokinetic parameters of the prepared ODT and conventional tablets (CT) were evaluated using an animal model. The plasma concentration of Glimepiride after oral administration of a single dose was determined at predetermined time intervals with HPLC. The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using PK Solutions 2.0 from Summit PK® software. RESULTS The Cmax obtained with ODT (22.08 µg/ml) was significantly (p = 0.006) high, a lower tmax of 3.0 hr was achieved with the orodispersable formulation of the drug. The ODT showed 104.34% relative bioavailability as compared to CT and left shift of tmax as well. CONCLUSION As per findings of the in vivo investigation, the Glimepiride ODT would be beneficial in terms of patient compliance, quick onset of action, and increased bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Altaf Ur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Fazli Nasir
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Muzna Ali Khattak
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
- Department of Pharmacy, CECOS University Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | | | - Sadia Pervez
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | | | - Arbab Tahir Ali
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Shazma Gohar
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Gul E Maryam
- Department of Pharmacy, Qurtuba University Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Waleed H Almalki
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah
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Horgan R, Hage Diab Y, Fishel Bartal M, Sibai BM, Saade G. Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol 2024; 143:195-203. [PMID: 37769316 DOI: 10.1097/aog.0000000000005374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus in pregnancy is associated with adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. Optimal glycemic control is associated with improved outcomes. Continuous glucose monitoring is a less invasive alternative to blood glucose measurements. Two types of continuous glucose monitoring are available in the market: real time and intermittently scanned. Continuous glucose monitoring is gaining popularity and is now recommended by some societies for glucose monitoring in pregnant women. In this review, we discuss the differences between the two types of continuous glucose monitoring, optimal treatment goals, and whether there is an improvement in maternal or neonatal outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Horgan
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia; and the Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, UTHealth Houston, Houston, Texas
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Asim A, Kumar S, Khatri M. Comment on "The effect of timing of remotely supervised exercise on glucose control in people with type 1 diabetes during Ramadan: A randomised crossover study" by Ozairi E et al. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2024; 18:102967. [PMID: 38412695 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2024.102967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Aima Asim
- Ziauddin Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan.
| | - Satesh Kumar
- Shaheed Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto Medical College Lyari Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Mahima Khatri
- Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
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Roversi C, Camerlingo N, Vettoretti M, Facchinetti A, Choudhary P, Sparacino G, Del Favero S. Risk of hypoglycemia in type 1 diabetes management: An in-silico sensitivity analysis to assess and rank the quantitative impact of different behavioral factors. Comput Methods Programs Biomed 2024; 244:107943. [PMID: 38042693 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2023.107943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE In type 1 diabetes (T1D), a quantitative evaluation of the impact on hypoglycemia of suboptimal therapeutic decision (e.g. incorrect estimation of the ingested carbohydrates, inaccurate insulin timing, etc) is unavailable. Clinical trials to measure sensitivity to patient actions would be expensive, exposed to confounding factors and risky for the participants. In this work, a T1D patient decision simulator (T1D-PDS), realistically reproducing blood glucose dynamics in a large virtual population, is used to perform extensive in-silico trials and the so-derived data employed to implement a sensitivity analysis that ranks different behavioral factors based on their impact on a clinically meaningful parameter, the time below range (TBR). METHODS Eleven behavioral factors impacting on hypoglycemia are considered. The T1D-PDS was used to perform multiple 2-week simulations involving 100 adults, by testing about 3500 different perturbations for nominal behavior. A local linear approximation of the function linking the TBR and the factors were computed to derive sensitivity indices (SIs), quantifying the impact of each factor on TBR variations. RESULTS The obtained ranking quantifies importance of factors w.r.t. the others. Factors apparently related to hypoglycemia were correctly placed on the top of the ranking, including systematic (SI=2.05%) and random (SI=1.35%) carb-counting error, hypotreatment dose (SI=-1.21%), insulin bolus time w.r.t. mealtime (SI=1.09%). CONCLUSIONS The obtained SIs allowed to rank behavioral factors based on their impact on TBR. The behavioral factors identified as most influential can be prioritized in patient training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Roversi
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, Via G. Gradenigo 6/B, Padova, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Nunzio Camerlingo
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, Via G. Gradenigo 6/B, Padova, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Martina Vettoretti
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, Via G. Gradenigo 6/B, Padova, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Facchinetti
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, Via G. Gradenigo 6/B, Padova, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Pratik Choudhary
- Department of Diabetes, King's College London, Weston Education Centre, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 9RJ, United Kingdom
| | - Giovanni Sparacino
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, Via G. Gradenigo 6/B, Padova, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Simone Del Favero
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, Via G. Gradenigo 6/B, Padova, 35131, Padova, Italy.
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Visaria A, Huang SP, Su CC, Robinson D, Read J, Lin CY, Nethery R, Josey K, Gandhi P, Bates B, Rua M, Parthasarathi A, Ghosh AK, Kao Yang YH, Setoguchi S. Ambient Heat and Risk of Serious Hypoglycemia in Older Adults With Diabetes Using Insulin in the U.S. and Taiwan: A Cross-National Case-Crossover Study. Diabetes Care 2024; 47:233-238. [PMID: 38060348 PMCID: PMC10834387 DOI: 10.2337/dc23-1189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To measure the association between ambient heat and hypoglycemia-related emergency department visit or hospitalization in insulin users. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We identified cases of serious hypoglycemia among adults using insulin aged ≥65 in the U.S. (via Medicare Part A/B/D-eligible beneficiaries) and Taiwan (via National Health Insurance Database) from June to September, 2016-2019. We then estimated odds of hypoglycemia by heat index (HI) percentile categories using conditional logistic regression with a time-stratified case-crossover design. RESULTS Among ∼2 million insulin users in the U.S. (32,461 hypoglycemia case subjects), odds ratios of hypoglycemia for HI >99th, 95-98th, 85-94th, and 75-84th percentiles compared with the 25-74th percentile were 1.38 (95% CI, 1.28-1.48), 1.14 (1.08-1.20), 1.12 (1.08-1.17), and 1.09 (1.04-1.13) respectively. Overall patterns of associations were similar for insulin users in the Taiwan sample (∼283,000 insulin users, 10,162 hypoglycemia case subjects). CONCLUSIONS In two national samples of older insulin users, higher ambient temperature was associated with increased hypoglycemia risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aayush Visaria
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Shu-Ping Huang
- Changhua Christian Hospital Institutional Review Board & Administrative Office, Changhua, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chou Su
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Clinical Innovation and Research Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - David Robinson
- Department of Geography, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ
| | - John Read
- Department of Geography, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ
| | - Chuan-Yao Lin
- Research Center for Environmental Changes, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Rachel Nethery
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Kevin Josey
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Poonam Gandhi
- Center for Pharmacoepidemiology and Treatment Sciences, Rutgers Institute for Health, Health Care Policy, and Aging Research, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Benjamin Bates
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ
- Center for Pharmacoepidemiology and Treatment Sciences, Rutgers Institute for Health, Health Care Policy, and Aging Research, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Melanie Rua
- Center for Pharmacoepidemiology and Treatment Sciences, Rutgers Institute for Health, Health Care Policy, and Aging Research, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Ashwagosha Parthasarathi
- Center for Pharmacoepidemiology and Treatment Sciences, Rutgers Institute for Health, Health Care Policy, and Aging Research, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Arnab K Ghosh
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY
| | - Yea-Huei Kao Yang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Soko Setoguchi
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ
- Center for Pharmacoepidemiology and Treatment Sciences, Rutgers Institute for Health, Health Care Policy, and Aging Research, New Brunswick, NJ
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Wu J, Wu Z, Pan Y, Luo D, Zhong Q. Effects of different stress conditions on the production, bioactivities, physicochemical and structural characteristics of exopolysaccharides synthetized by Schleiferilactobacillus harbinensis Z171. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 257:128675. [PMID: 38092104 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
This study systematically investigated the effects of stress conditions including temperature, pH, H2O2, NaCl, antibiotics on the production and in vitro cholesterol-lowering activity of the exopolysaccharide (EPS) synthetized by Schleiferilactobacillus harbinensis Z171. Additionally, the influences of the optimal stress condition combined with different carbon sources on EPS production were examined, shedding light on the structural characteristics, physicochemical properties and bioactivities of EPSs. The results demonstrated that the EPS produced under H2O2 stress was optimal and presented excellent resistance to simulated gastric juice and α-amylase. Three main fractions, denoted as G-EPS1, F-EPS1 and S-EPS1, were isolated by cellulose DEAE-52 chromatography from crude EPSs synthetized using glucose, fructose and sucrose as carbon sources, respectively. Among them, F-EPS1 possessed the highest cholesterol-lowering, antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities, with the highest molecular weight 91.03 kDa, largest particle size 40.14 nm and apparent viscosity 288.2 mPa·s. Three EPSs exhibited irregular sheet-like and granular structures with good thermal stability. Structural characterization of F-EPS1a (a purified fraction from F-EPS1) revealed that it was a mannan mainly composed of →2)-α-D-Manp-(1→, →3)-α-Manp-(1→ and →2,6)-α-D-Manp-(1→ with branch chains containing α-D-Manp-(1→. F-EPS1a has more potential to be a natural cholesterol-lowering, hypoglycemic and antioxidant supplements in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsong Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Department of Science, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Henan, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Ziyi Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yirui Pan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Dongsheng Luo
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Henan, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Qingping Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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123
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Lai SW. Comment on "Comparison of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitor and Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor on the Risks of New-Onset Atrial Fibrillation, Stroke and Mortality in Diabetic Patients". Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2024; 38:201-202. [PMID: 38008854 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-023-07527-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Wei Lai
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
- Department of Family Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, No 2, Yu-De Road, Taichung City, 404, Taiwan.
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124
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Shenoy A, Bloom PP. Weight to go!-Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists in liver transplant recipients. Liver Transpl 2024; 30:124-126. [PMID: 37903064 DOI: 10.1097/lvt.0000000000000291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Shenoy
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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125
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Mu Z, Sun M, Wen L, Li P, Gao J, Liu M, Bian H, Wang Z. Effect of hypoglycemia on cognitive performance in older patients with diabetes: A meta-analysis. Ann Endocrinol (Paris) 2024; 85:56-62. [PMID: 37884125 DOI: 10.1016/j.ando.2023.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
GOALS The goal of this study was to use meta-analysis to compile information from various studies to investigate the existence and severity of cognitive impairment in elderly diabetes patients who have hypoglycemic episodes. MATERIALS AND TECHNIQUES For research studies on the relationship between hypoglycemia and cognitive decline or dementia in persons older than 45 years, we searched the PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CNKI, WanFang, CBM and VIP databases for the period 1989 to 2022. We conducted random effects inverse variance on the meta-analysis and used the I2 statistic to assess heterogeneity. RESULT We selected 44 of the 518 studies we retrieved, 7 being appropriate for meta-analysis. Six thousand and forty-five individuals were involved in total. Both types of older diabetic patients with hypoglycemia performed considerably worse on tests of general intelligence than control participants (standardized mean difference, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.88-0.28). Also, elderly type-2 diabetes patients with hypoglycemic episodes had significantly worse memory performance (standardized mean difference, 0.19; 95% CI, 0.29-0.09). Additionally, we found that older type-2 diabetes patients with hypoglycemia had significantly poorer psychomotor function than those without hypoglycemia (standardized mean difference, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.38-0.63).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Mu
- Medical College of Yan'an University, Yan'an City, 716000, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Mimi Sun
- Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an City, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Lian Wen
- Medical College of Yan'an University, Yan'an City, 716000, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Peipei Li
- Medical College of Yan'an University, Yan'an City, 716000, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Jiangmei Gao
- Yan'an University Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an City, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Minli Liu
- Medical College of Yan'an University, Yan'an City, 716000, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Hongyan Bian
- Medical College of Yan'an University, Yan'an City, 716000, Shanxi Province, China.
| | - Zhiguo Wang
- Yan'an University Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an City, Shanxi Province, China
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126
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Popovic DS, Patoulias D, Gnudi L, Mantzoros CS. Diabetic kidney disease in type 1 diabetes: challenges and differences from type 2 diabetes. Metabolism 2024; 151:155763. [PMID: 38122894 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Djordje S Popovic
- Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Clinical Centre of Vojvodina, Medical Faculty, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Dimitrios Patoulias
- Outpatient Department of Cardiometabolic Medicine, Second Department of Cardiology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, General Hospital Hippokration, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Luigi Gnudi
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Science, Kings College London, Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Guy's and St Thomas Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Christos S Mantzoros
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Boston VA Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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127
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Altoum GH, Al-Enazi FK, Abudahash MM, Al-Fadhli RA, Alenzi N. A comparative study on vildagliptin brand and its generic equivalents using dissolution test as quality control measure tool. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2636. [PMID: 38302589 PMCID: PMC10834493 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52674-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Market drugs including brand or generic with poor quality, don't meet the acceptable standard guidelines. Vildagliptin is an important antidiabetic drugs used in monotherapy or in combinations protocols for treatment of diabetes mellites. The main goal of the current study is to assess the pharmaceutical equivalence of two marketed generics of vildagliptin 50 mg tablets compared to the branded product (Galvus 50 mg). The in vitro dissolution test was used as a quality control tool to obtain the dissolution profile of vildagliptin compared to the reference drug. The results revealed that all tested samples showed dissolution behavior like standard drug. Whole samples dissolution reached after 15 min in accordance with the standard. According to the similarity factors records, tested vildagliptin samples showed a comparable dissolution to the reference drug. The current work presents an in vitro protocol for quality evaluation of recently released generic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghadah H Altoum
- Research and Laboratories Sector, National Drug and Cosmetic Control Laboratories (NDCCL), Saudi Food and Drug Authority, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fouza K Al-Enazi
- Research and Laboratories Sector, National Drug and Cosmetic Control Laboratories (NDCCL), Saudi Food and Drug Authority, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mubarl M Abudahash
- Research and Laboratories Sector, National Drug and Cosmetic Control Laboratories (NDCCL), Saudi Food and Drug Authority, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem A Al-Fadhli
- Research and Laboratories Sector, National Drug and Cosmetic Control Laboratories (NDCCL), Saudi Food and Drug Authority, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naif Alenzi
- Research and Laboratories Sector, National Drug and Cosmetic Control Laboratories (NDCCL), Saudi Food and Drug Authority, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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128
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Li Q, Tangry V, Allen DP, Seibert KD, Qian KK, Wagner NJ. Surface-mediated spontaneous emulsification of the acylated peptide, semaglutide. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2305770121. [PMID: 38227645 PMCID: PMC10835113 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2305770121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Acylated peptides composed of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists modified with a fatty acid side chain are an important class of therapeutics for type 2 diabetes and obesity but are susceptible to an unusual physical instability in the presence of hydrophobic surfaces, i.e., spontaneous emulsification, also known as ouzo formation in practice. In this work, light scattering, small-angle X-ray scattering, and circular dichroism measurements are used to characterize the physical properties of the semaglutide colloidal phase, including size distribution, shape, secondary structure, internal structure, and internal composition, as a function of solution physico-chemical conditions. The existence and size of the colloids formed are successfully predicted by a classical Rayleigh model, which identifies the parameters controlling their size and formation. Colloid formation is found to be catalyzed by hydrophobic surfaces, and formation rates are modeled as an autocatalytic reaction, enabling the formation of a master curve for various surfaces that elucidates the mechanism. Surfaces differ due to differences in surface wettability, which can be correlated with Hansen solubility parameters. This work provides insights into this unusual colloidal phenomenon and guides the peptide synthesis process and drug product formulation in the pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Center for Neutron Science, University of Delaware, Newark, DE19716
| | - Vasudev Tangry
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Center for Neutron Science, University of Delaware, Newark, DE19716
| | | | | | - Ken K. Qian
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN46225
| | - Norman J. Wagner
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Center for Neutron Science, University of Delaware, Newark, DE19716
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129
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Most DE. Statistical declarations versus scientific inferences and clinical judgments: the association of Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist use with the risk of biliary disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1367158. [PMID: 38390213 PMCID: PMC10882269 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1367158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- David E. Most
- School of Education, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
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130
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Rodriguez J, Padilla D, Bruce L, Thow B, Pradhan M. Equitable Machine Learning for Hypoglycaemia Risk Management. Stud Health Technol Inform 2024; 310:870-874. [PMID: 38269933 DOI: 10.3233/shti231089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
We developed a machine learning (ML) model for the detection of patients with high risk of hypoglycaemic events during their hospital stay to improve the detection and management of hypoglycaemia. Our model was trained on data from a regional local health care district in Australia. The model was found to have good predictive performance in the general case (AUC 0.837). We conducted subgroup analysis to ensure that the model performed in a way that did not disadvantage population subgroups, in this case based on gender or indigenous status. We found that our specific problem domain assisted us in reducing unwanted bias within the model, because it did not rely on practice patterns or subjective judgements for the outcome measure. With careful analysis for equity there is great potential for ML models to automate the detection of high-risk cohorts and automate mitigation strategies to reduce preventable errors.
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131
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Tsai TY, Yang PJ, Chao SC, Lee CY, Huang JY, Yang SF, Lin HY. Association of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors with the incidence of corneal diseases in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Int J Med Sci 2024; 21:583-592. [PMID: 38322591 PMCID: PMC10845264 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.91571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors revealed the protective function on various systemic diseases. This study aimed to determine whether the usage of SGLT2 inhibitors associates with incidences of superficial keratopathy and infectious keratitis in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. A retrospective cohort study with the usage of National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan was conducted. The T2DM patients were divided into the SGLT2 inhibitors and control groups according to the usage of SGLT2 inhibitors or not. The major outcomes were defined as the occurrence of superficial keratopathy and infectious keratitis. There were 766 and 1037 episodes of superficial keratopathy in the SGLT2 inhibitors and control groups and SGLT2 inhibitors group showed a significantly lower incidence of superficial keratopathy than the control group (aHR: 0.721, 95% CI: 0.656-0.791, P < 0.0001). Also, there were 166 and 251 infectious keratitis events in the SGLT2 inhibitors and control groups and patients in the SGLT2 inhibitors group revealed a significantly lower infectious keratitis incidence than those in the control group (aHR: 0.654, 95% CI: 0.537-0.796, P < 0.0001). In addition, the patients that received SGLT2 inhibitors demonstrated lower cumulative incidences of both superficial keratopathy and infectious keratitis compared to the non-SGLT2 inhibitors users (both P < 0.0001). In conclusion, the usage of SGLT2 inhibitors correlates to lower incidence of superficial keratopathy and infectious keratitis in T2DM individuals, which is more significant in patients with persistent SGLT2 inhibitors application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsan-Yu Tsai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Po-Jen Yang
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chun Chao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
- Department of Optometry, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Optometry, Yuan Pei University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yi Lee
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nobel Eye Institute, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jen-Ai Hospital Dali Branch, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Yang Huang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Yu Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Optometry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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132
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Lundqvist MH, Pereira MJ, Almby K, Hetty S, Eriksson JW. Regulation of the Cortisol Axis, Glucagon, and Growth Hormone by Glucose Is Altered in Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2024; 109:e675-e688. [PMID: 37708362 PMCID: PMC10795937 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Insulin-antagonistic, counter-regulatory hormones have been implicated in the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D). OBJECTIVE In this cross-sectional study, we investigated whether glucose-dependent regulation of such hormones differ in individuals with T2D, prediabetes (PD), and normoglycemia (NG). METHODS Fifty-four individuals with or without T2D underwent one hyperinsulinemic-normoglycemic-hypoglycemic and one hyperglycemic clamp with repeated hormonal measurements. Participants with T2D (n = 19) were compared with a group-matched (age, sex, BMI) subset of participants without diabetes (ND, n = 17), and also with participants with PD (n = 18) and NG (n = 17). RESULTS In T2D vs ND, glucagon levels were higher and less suppressed during the hyperglycemic clamp whereas growth hormone (GH) levels were lower during hypoglycemia (P < .05). Augmented ACTH response to hypoglycemia was present in PD vs NG (P < .05), with no further elevation in T2D. In contrast, glucagon and GH alterations were more marked in T2D vs PD (P < .05).In the full cohort (n = 54), augmented responses of glucagon, cortisol, and ACTH and attenuated responses of GH correlated with adiposity, dysglycemia, and insulin resistance. In multilinear regressions, insulin resistance was the strongest predictor of elevated hypoglycemic responses of glucagon, cortisol, and ACTH. Conversely, fasting glucose and HbA1c were the strongest predictors of low GH levels during hypoglycemia and elevated, i.e. less suppressed glucagon levels during hyperglycemia, respectively. Notably, adiposity measures were also strongly associated with the responses above. CONCLUSIONS Altered counter-regulatory hormonal responses to glucose variations are observed at different stages of T2D development and may contribute to its progression by promoting insulin resistance and dysglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin H Lundqvist
- Clinical Diabetology and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria J Pereira
- Clinical Diabetology and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kristina Almby
- Clinical Diabetology and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Susanne Hetty
- Clinical Diabetology and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jan W Eriksson
- Clinical Diabetology and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
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133
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Capodanno D, Finocchiaro S. SGLT2 inhibitors and the risk of contrast-induced acute kidney injury: Time for a PCI Trial? Kardiol Pol 2024; 82:3-4. [PMID: 38230484 DOI: 10.33963/v.phj.98860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Davide Capodanno
- Division of Cardiology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico "G. Rodolico - San Marco", University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
| | - Simone Finocchiaro
- Division of Cardiology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico "G. Rodolico - San Marco", University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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134
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Solomon R. SGLT2 inhibitors and contrast-associated acute kidney injury. Kardiol Pol 2024; 82:5-6. [PMID: 38230483 DOI: 10.33963/v.kp.98717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Solomon
- University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, United States.
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135
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Sodum N, Mattila O, Sharma R, Kamakura R, Lehto VP, Walkowiak J, Herzig KH, Raza GS. Nutrient Combinations Sensed by L-Cell Receptors Potentiate GLP-1 Secretion. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1087. [PMID: 38256160 PMCID: PMC10816371 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a risk factor for cardiometabolic diseases. Nutrients stimulate GLP-1 release; however, GLP-1 has a short half-life (<2 min), and only <10-15% reaches the systemic circulation. Human L-cells are localized in the distal ileum and colon, while most nutrients are absorbed in the proximal intestine. We hypothesized that combinations of amino acids and fatty acids potentiate GLP-1 release via different L-cell receptors. GLP-1 secretion was studied in the mouse enteroendocrine STC-1 cells. Cells were pre-incubated with buffer for 1 h and treated with nutrients: alpha-linolenic acid (αLA), phenylalanine (Phe), tryptophan (Trp), and their combinations αLA+Phe and αLA+Trp with dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) inhibitor. After 1 h GLP-1 in supernatants was measured and cell lysates taken for qPCR. αLA (12.5 µM) significantly stimulated GLP-1 secretion compared with the control. Phe (6.25-25 mM) and Trp (2.5-10 mM) showed a clear dose response for GLP-1 secretion. The combination of αLA (6.25 µM) and either Phe (12.5 mM) or Trp (5 mM) significantly increased GLP-1 secretion compared with αLA, Phe, or Trp individually. The combination of αLA and Trp upregulated GPR120 expression and potentiated GLP-1 secretion. These nutrient combinations could be used in sustained-delivery formulations to the colon to prolong GLP-1 release for diminishing appetite and preventing obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nalini Sodum
- Research Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, Biocentre of Oulu, Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Aapistie 5, 90220 Oulu, Finland; (N.S.); (O.M.); (R.S.); (K.-H.H.)
| | - Orvokki Mattila
- Research Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, Biocentre of Oulu, Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Aapistie 5, 90220 Oulu, Finland; (N.S.); (O.M.); (R.S.); (K.-H.H.)
| | - Ravikant Sharma
- Research Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, Biocentre of Oulu, Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Aapistie 5, 90220 Oulu, Finland; (N.S.); (O.M.); (R.S.); (K.-H.H.)
| | - Remi Kamakura
- Research Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, Biocentre of Oulu, Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Aapistie 5, 90220 Oulu, Finland; (N.S.); (O.M.); (R.S.); (K.-H.H.)
| | - Vesa-Pekka Lehto
- Department of Technical Physics, Faculty of Science, Forestry and Technology, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland;
| | - Jaroslaw Walkowiak
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60572 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Karl-Heinz Herzig
- Research Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, Biocentre of Oulu, Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Aapistie 5, 90220 Oulu, Finland; (N.S.); (O.M.); (R.S.); (K.-H.H.)
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60572 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Ghulam Shere Raza
- Research Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, Biocentre of Oulu, Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Aapistie 5, 90220 Oulu, Finland; (N.S.); (O.M.); (R.S.); (K.-H.H.)
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136
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Ke S, Wang X, Wang A, Zhuang M, Zhou Z. Study of the acetylation-induced changes in the physicochemical and functional characteristics of insoluble dietary fiber from wheat bran. J Sci Food Agric 2024; 104:32-41. [PMID: 37506335 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wheat bran is rich in dietary fiber (DF), particularly insoluble dietary fiber (IDF). Although the benefits for human health following the consumption of these DFs have been documented, the lower water retention capacity (WRC) and other properties still limit the applications of DF. Therefore, the current research investigated the impact of acetylation on the changes in the corresponding physicochemical and functional properties of DF. RESULTS The current results indicated the acetylated group restricted the alignment of the molecular chains, which led to an increased amorphous phase in the fiber structure, followed by an enhanced thermal sensitivity and a reduced crystallinity as evidenced by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Moreover, the acetylation of the IDFs enhanced the cholesterol absorption capacity, but the corresponding antioxidant capacity and cation exchange capacity were reduced, which might be due to the partial loss of the phenolic compounds onto the polysaccharides during the modification. Interestingly, a lower degree of substitution (DS) of the IDF achieved from water-acetic anhydride modification led to a higher WRC and water swelling capacity (WSC). In contrast, a higher DS from acetic anhydride modification demonstrated a greatly improved in vitro hypoglycemic performance of the IDF, including α-amylase inhibitory activity and glucose dialysis retardation index (GDRI), compared to the other samples. CONCLUSION This study highlights a new approach to modify the functionality of IDFs via acetylation and the design of a novel IDF with hypoglycemic activity. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Ke
- Key Laboratory for Processing and Quality Safety Control of Characteristic Agricultural Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuanyu Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Anqi Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Min Zhuang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhongkai Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Processing and Quality Safety Control of Characteristic Agricultural Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
- Gulbali Institute-Agriculture Water Environment, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
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137
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Ji R, Zhang X, Liu C, Zhang W, Han X, Zhao H. Effects of extraction methods on the structure and functional properties of soluble dietary fiber from blue honeysuckle (Lonicera caerulea L.) berry. Food Chem 2024; 431:137135. [PMID: 37591145 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
The work within this study aimed to investigate and compare the effects of compound enzyme extraction (CE), ultrasonic chemical extraction (UC) and combined fermentation extraction (CF) on the physicochemical properties, microstructure, and functional properties of soluble dietary fiber (SDF) extracted from blue honeysuckle berries. The results showed that CE-SDF had higher crystallinity (32.41%). UC-SDF had the highest yield (13.32 ± 0.80 g/100 g). CF-SDF had the maximum inhibition of α-amylase (50.82 ± 0.76%) and α-glucosidase (54.87 ± 1.25%). The in vitro hypoglycemic activity of the three SDFs was observed in the order of CF > CE > UC. Meanwhile, the purity of SDF had a strong positive correlation with its antioxidant and in vitro hypoglycemic capacities. The crystallinity of SDF was found to be positively correlated with its molecular weight and thermal properties. Additionally, the sugar composition of SDF was found to be an important factor affecting its biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run Ji
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150030, China
| | - Xiuling Zhang
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150030, China.
| | - Chenghai Liu
- College of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150030, China
| | - Wentao Zhang
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150030, China
| | - Xiaofeng Han
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150030, China
| | - Hengtian Zhao
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150080, China.
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138
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Raven LM, Brown C, Greenfield JR. Considerations of delayed gastric emptying with peri-operative use of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists. Med J Aust 2024; 220:14-16. [PMID: 38009941 DOI: 10.5694/mja2.52170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Raven
- University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW
- St Vincent's Hospital Sydney, Sydney, NSW
| | | | - Jerry R Greenfield
- University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW
- St Vincent's Hospital Sydney, Sydney, NSW
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139
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Kowall B, Girschik C, Stolpe S. Inconsistencies in self-reported diabetes in a large panel study: the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). BMC Med Res Methodol 2024; 24:7. [PMID: 38212700 PMCID: PMC10782784 DOI: 10.1186/s12874-023-02137-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The validity of self-reported chronic conditions has been assessed by comparing them with medical records or register data in several studies. However, the reliability of self-reports of chronic diseases has less often been examined. Our aim was to assess the proportion and determinants of inconsistent self-reports of diabetes in a long panel study. METHODS SHARE (Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe) includes 140,000 persons aged ≥ 50 years from 28 European countries and Israel. We used data from waves 1 to 7 (except wave 3) collected between 2004 and 2017. Diabetes was assessed by self-report. An inconsistent report for diabetes was defined as reporting the condition in one wave, but denying it in at least one later wave. The analysis data set included 13,179 persons who reported diabetes, and answered the question about diabetes in at least one later wave. Log-binomial regression models were fitted to estimate crude and adjusted relative risks (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the associations between various exposure variables and inconsistent report of diabetes. RESULTS The proportion of persons with inconsistent self-reports of diabetes was 33.0% (95% CI: 32.2%-33.8%). Inconsistencies occurred less often in persons taking antidiabetic drugs (RR = 0.53 (0.53-0.56)), persons with BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2 versus BMI < 25 kg/m2 (RR = 0.70, (0.64-0.77)), and poor versus excellent subjective health (RR = 0.87 (0.75-1.01)). Inconsistencies occurred more often in older persons (RR = 1.15 (1.12-1.18) per 10 years increase of age), and persons not reporting their age at diabetes onset (RR = 1.38 (1.31-1.45)). CONCLUSION In SHARE, inconsistent self-report of diabetes is frequent. Consistent reports are more likely for persons whose characteristics make diabetes more salient, like intake of antidiabetic medication, obesity, and poor subjective health. However, lack of attention in answering the questions, and poor wording of the items may also play a role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Kowall
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147, Essen, Germany.
| | - Carolin Girschik
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Susanne Stolpe
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
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Geremew A, Gonzalles J, Peace E, Woldesenbet S, Reeves S, Brooks N, Carson L. Green Synthesis of Novel Silver Nanoparticles Using Salvia blepharophylla and Salvia greggii: Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Potential and Effect on Foodborne Bacterial Pathogens. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:904. [PMID: 38255978 PMCID: PMC10815671 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
In the face of evolving healthcare challenges, the utilization of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has emerged as a compelling solution due to their unique properties and versatile applications. The aim of this study was the synthesis and characterization of novel AgNPs (SB-AgNPs and SG-AgNPs, respectively) using Salvia blepharophylla and Salvia greggii leaf extracts and the evaluation of their antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antidiabetic activities. Several analytical instrumental techniques were utilized for the characterization of SB-AgNPs and SG-AgNPs, including UV-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), Fourier transmission infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). FTIR analysis identified various functional groups in the leaf extracts and nanoparticles, suggesting the involvement of phytochemicals as reducing and stabilizing agents. High-resolution TEM images displayed predominantly spherical nanoparticles with average sizes of 52.4 nm for SB-AgNPs and 62.5 nm for SG-AgNPs. Both SB-AgNPs and SG-AgNPs demonstrated remarkable antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes and Gram-negative bacteria Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli. SB-AgNPs and SG-AgNPs also exhibited 90.2 ± 1.34% and 89.5 ± 1.5% DPPH scavenging and 86.5 ± 1.7% and 80.5 ± 1.2% α-amylase inhibition, respectively, at a concentration of 100 μg mL-1. Overall, AgNPs synthesized using S. blepharophylla and Salvia greggii leaf extracts may serve as potential candidates for antibacterial, antioxidant, and antidiabetic agents. Consequently, this study provides viable solutions to mitigate the current crisis of antibiotic resistance and to efficiently combat antimicrobial infections and Type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Addisie Geremew
- Cooperative Agricultural Research Center, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, TX 77446, USA; (A.G.); (J.G.III); (E.P.); (S.W.)
| | - John Gonzalles
- Cooperative Agricultural Research Center, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, TX 77446, USA; (A.G.); (J.G.III); (E.P.); (S.W.)
| | - Elisha Peace
- Cooperative Agricultural Research Center, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, TX 77446, USA; (A.G.); (J.G.III); (E.P.); (S.W.)
| | - Selamawit Woldesenbet
- Cooperative Agricultural Research Center, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, TX 77446, USA; (A.G.); (J.G.III); (E.P.); (S.W.)
| | - Sheena Reeves
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, TX 77446, USA; (S.R.); (N.B.J.)
| | - Nigel Brooks
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, TX 77446, USA; (S.R.); (N.B.J.)
| | - Laura Carson
- Cooperative Agricultural Research Center, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, TX 77446, USA; (A.G.); (J.G.III); (E.P.); (S.W.)
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Lourenço DM, Corrêa-Giannella ML, Siqueira SAC, Nery M, Ribeiro FG, Quedas EPDS, Rocha MDS, do Nascimento RM, Pereira MAA. Case report: Insulinomatosis: description of four sporadic cases and review of the literature. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 14:1308662. [PMID: 38264280 PMCID: PMC10803616 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1308662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The best-known etiologies of hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia are insulinoma, non-insulinoma pancreatogenous hypoglycemic syndrome, autoimmune processes, and factitious hypoglycemia. In 2009, a disease not associated with classic genetic syndromes and characterized by the presence of multiple pancreatic lesions was described and named insulinomatosis. We present the clinical and pathologic features of four patients with the diagnosis of insulinomatosis, aggregated new clinical data, reviewed extensively the literature, and illustrated the nature and evolution of this recently recognized disease. One of our patients had isolated (without fasting hypoglycemia) postprandial hypoglycemia, an occurrence not previously reported in the literature. Furthermore, we reported the second case presenting malignant disease. All of them had persistent/recurrent hypoglycemia after the first surgery even with pathology confirming the presence of a positive insulin neuroendocrine tumor. In the literature review, 27 sporadic insulinomatosis cases were compiled. All of them had episodes of fasting hypoglycemia except one of our patients. Only two patients had malignant disease, and one of them was from our series. The suspicion of insulinomatosis can be raised before surgery in patients without genetic syndromes, with multiple tumors in the topographic investigation and in those who had persistent or recurrent hypoglycemia after surgical removal of one or more tumors. The definitive diagnosis is established by histology and immunohistochemistry and requires examination of the "macroscopically normal pancreas." Our case series reinforces the marked predominance in women, the high frequency of recurrent hypoglycemia, and consequently, a definitive poor response to the usual surgical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delmar Muniz Lourenço
- Unidade de Endocrinologia Genética (LIM-25), Hospital das Clínicas (HCFMUSP), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo (ICESP), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Lucia Corrêa-Giannella
- Laboratório de Carboidratos e Radioimunoensaio (LIM-18), Hospital das Clínicas (HCFMUSP), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Marcia Nery
- Divisão de Endocrinologia e Metabologia, Hospital das Clínicas (HCFMUSP), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flavio Galvão Ribeiro
- Unidade de Endocrinologia Genética (LIM-25), Hospital das Clínicas (HCFMUSP), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elizangela Pereira de Souza Quedas
- Unidade de Endocrinologia Genética (LIM-25), Hospital das Clínicas (HCFMUSP), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Manoel de Souza Rocha
- Departamento de Radiologia, Hospital das Clínicas (HCFMUSP), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ramon Marcelino do Nascimento
- Unidade de Endocrinologia Genética (LIM-25), Hospital das Clínicas (HCFMUSP), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Adelaide Albergaria Pereira
- Divisão de Endocrinologia e Metabologia, Hospital das Clínicas (HCFMUSP), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Yi M, Cruz Cisneros L, Cho EJ, Alexander M, Kimelman FA, Swentek L, Ferrey A, Tantisattamo E, Ichii H. Nrf2 Pathway and Oxidative Stress as a Common Target for Treatment of Diabetes and Its Comorbidities. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:821. [PMID: 38255895 PMCID: PMC10815857 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a chronic disease that induces many comorbidities, including cardiovascular disease, nephropathy, and liver damage. Many mechanisms have been suggested as to how diabetes leads to these comorbidities, of which increased oxidative stress in diabetic patients has been strongly implicated. Limited knowledge of antioxidative antidiabetic drugs and substances that can address diabetic comorbidities through the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway calls for detailed investigation. This review will describe how diabetes increases oxidative stress, the general impact of that oxidative stress, and how oxidative stress primarily contributes to diabetic comorbidities. It will also address how treatments for diabetes, especially focusing on their effects on the Nrf2 antioxidative pathway, have been shown to similarly affect the Nrf2 pathway of the heart, kidney, and liver systems. This review demonstrates that the Nrf2 pathway is a common pathogenic component of diabetes and its associated comorbidities, potentially identifying this pathway as a target to guide future treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Yi
- Department of Surgery, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; (M.Y.); (L.C.C.); (E.J.C.); (M.A.); (F.A.K.); (L.S.)
| | - Leslie Cruz Cisneros
- Department of Surgery, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; (M.Y.); (L.C.C.); (E.J.C.); (M.A.); (F.A.K.); (L.S.)
| | - Eric J. Cho
- Department of Surgery, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; (M.Y.); (L.C.C.); (E.J.C.); (M.A.); (F.A.K.); (L.S.)
| | - Michael Alexander
- Department of Surgery, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; (M.Y.); (L.C.C.); (E.J.C.); (M.A.); (F.A.K.); (L.S.)
| | - Francesca A. Kimelman
- Department of Surgery, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; (M.Y.); (L.C.C.); (E.J.C.); (M.A.); (F.A.K.); (L.S.)
| | - Lourdes Swentek
- Department of Surgery, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; (M.Y.); (L.C.C.); (E.J.C.); (M.A.); (F.A.K.); (L.S.)
| | - Antoney Ferrey
- Department of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; (A.F.); (E.T.)
| | - Ekamol Tantisattamo
- Department of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; (A.F.); (E.T.)
| | - Hirohito Ichii
- Department of Surgery, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; (M.Y.); (L.C.C.); (E.J.C.); (M.A.); (F.A.K.); (L.S.)
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SUN H, ZHANG B, CUI D, DONG B, WANG H, HU G. [Determination of 145 pharmaceuticals and personal care products in eleven categories in water by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry]. Se Pu 2024; 42:24-37. [PMID: 38197204 PMCID: PMC10782274 DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1123.2023.04004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) are emerging contaminants frequently detected in aquatic environments at trace levels. These chemicals have diverse structures and physicochemical properties and includes pharmaceuticals like antibiotics, antihypertensive drugs, antiviral drugs, and psychotropic drugs that are widely used in large quantities worldwide. Considering the large number of pharmaceuticals currently in usage, it is crucial to establish a priority list of PPCPs that should be monitored and/or treated first. An accurate understanding of the occurrence and levels of PPCPs in aquatic environments is essential for providing objective materials for monitoring these emerging contaminants. Therefore, accurate, efficient, sensitive, and high-throughput screening techniques need to be established for determining and quantifying PPCPs. This study developed a method for the determination of 145 PPCPs (grouped into eleven categories: antibiotics, antihypertensive drugs, antidiabetic drugs, antiviral drugs, β-receptor agonists, nitroimidazoles, H2 receptor antagonists, psychotropic drugs, hypolipidemic drugs, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and others) in water. The method was based on large volume direct injection without sample enrichment and cleanup and used ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). Water samples were collected and filtered through a 0.22-μm regenerated cellulose (RC) filter membrane. Subsequently, Na2EDTA was added to the samples to adjust their pH to 6.0-8.0. Internal standards were mixed with the solutions, and because of the addition of Na2EDTA, the interference of metal ions could be eliminated in the determination of compounds, especially for tetracycline and quinolone antibiotics. Among the six filter membranes tested in this study (PES, PFTE-Q, PFTE, MCE, GHP, and RC), RC filter membranes were screened for water sample filtration. The UHPLC-MS/MS parameters were optimized by comparing the results of various mobile phases, as well as by establishing the best instrumental conditions. The 145 PPCPs were separated using an Phenomenex Kinetex C18 column (50 mm×3 mm, 2.6 μm) via gradient elution. The mobile phases were 0.1% (v/v) formic acid aqueous solution containing 5 mmol/L ammonium formate and acetonitrile for positive ion modes, 5 mmol/L aqueous solutions of ammonium formate and acetonitrile for negative ion modes. The samples were quantified using the scheduled multiple reaction monitoring (scheduled-MRM) mode with electrospray ionization in positive and negative ion modes. A standard internal calibration procedure was used to calculate contents of sample. The established method was systematically verified, and it demonstrated a good linear relationship. The average recoveries of the 145 PPCPs at the three spiked levels were in the range of 80.4%-128% with relative standard deviations (RSDs, n=6) of 0.6%-15.6%. The method detection limits (MDLs) ranged from 0.015 to 5.515 ng/L. Finally, the optimization method was applied to analyze the 145 PPCPs in 11 surface water samples and 6 drinking water samples. Overall, 93 (64%) out of the 145 analytes were detected. The total contents of the PPCPs in surface water samples ranged from 276.9 to 2705.7 ng/L. The detection frequencies of antidiabetic, antiviral, and psychotropic drugs were 100%. The total contents of the PPCPs in drinking water samples ranged from 140.5 to 211.5 ng/L, and antibiotics, antidiabetic drugs, and antiviral drugs comprised the largest proportion of analytes (by mass concentration) in drinking water samples. Our method exhibited high analytical speed and high sensitivity. It is thus suitable for the trace analysis and determination of the 145 PPCPs in environmental water and showed improved detection efficiency for PPCPs in water, indicating that it has a high potential for practical applications. This study can extend technical support for further pollution-level analysis of PPCPs in water and provide an objective basis for environmental management.
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Suissa K, Wyss R, Lu Z, Bessette LG, York C, Tsacogianis TN, Lin KJ. Development and Validation of a Claims-Based Model to Predict Categories of Obesity. Am J Epidemiol 2024; 193:203-213. [PMID: 37650647 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwad178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We developed and validated a claims-based algorithm that classifies patients into obesity categories. Using Medicare (2007-2017) and Medicaid (2000-2014) claims data linked to 2 electronic health record (EHR) systems in Boston, Massachusetts, we identified a cohort of patients with an EHR-based body mass index (BMI) measurement (calculated as weight (kg)/height (m)2). We used regularized regression to select from 137 variables and built generalized linear models to classify patients with BMIs of ≥25, ≥30, and ≥40. We developed the prediction model using EHR system 1 (training set) and validated it in EHR system 2 (validation set). The cohort contained 123,432 patients in the Medicare population and 40,736 patients in the Medicaid population. The model comprised 97 variables in the Medicare set and 95 in the Medicaid set, including BMI-related diagnosis codes, cardiovascular and antidiabetic drugs, and obesity-related comorbidities. The areas under the receiver-operating-characteristic curve in the validation set were 0.72, 0.75, and 0.83 (Medicare) and 0.66, 0.66, and 0.70 (Medicaid) for BMIs of ≥25, ≥30, and ≥40, respectively. The positive predictive values were 81.5%, 80.6%, and 64.7% (Medicare) and 81.6%, 77.5%, and 62.5% (Medicaid), for BMIs of ≥25, ≥30, and ≥40, respectively. The proposed model can identify obesity categories in claims databases when BMI measurements are missing and can be used for confounding adjustment, defining subgroups, or probabilistic bias analysis.
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Ngamjariyawat A, Cen J, Wang X, Welsh N. GDF15 Protects Insulin-Producing Beta Cells against Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines and Metabolic Stress via Increased Deamination of Intracellular Adenosine. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:801. [PMID: 38255875 PMCID: PMC10815691 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
It has been proposed that antidiabetic drugs, such as metformin and imatinib, at least in part, promote improved glucose tolerance in type 2 diabetic patients via increased production of the inflammatory cytokine GDF15. This is supported by studies, performed in rodent cell lines and mouse models, in which the addition or production of GDF15 improved beta-cell function and survival. The aim of the present study was to determine whether human beta cells produce GDF15 in response to antidiabetic drugs and, if so, to further elucidate the mechanisms by which GDF15 modulates the function and survival of such cells. The effects and expression of GDF15 were analyzed in human insulin-producing EndoC-betaH1 cells and human islets. We observed that alpha and beta cells exhibit considerable heterogeneity in GDF15 immuno-positivity. The predominant form of GDF15 present in islet and EndoC-betaH1 cells was pro-GDF15. Imatinib, but not metformin, increased pro-GDF15 levels in EndoC-betaH1 cells. Under basal conditions, exogenous GDF15 increased human islet oxygen consumption rates. In EndoC-betaH1 cells and human islets, exogenous GDF15 partially ameliorated cytokine- or palmitate + high-glucose-induced loss of function and viability. GDF15-induced cell survival was paralleled by increased inosine levels, suggesting a more efficient disposal of intracellular adenosine. Knockdown of adenosine deaminase, the enzyme that converts adenosine to inosine, resulted in lowered inosine levels and loss of protection against cytokine- or palmitate + high-glucose-induced cell death. It is concluded that imatinib-induced GDF15 production may protect human beta cells partially against inflammatory and metabolic stress. Furthermore, it is possible that the GDF15-mediated activation of adenosine deaminase and the increased disposal of intracellular adenosine participate in protection against beta-cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anongnad Ngamjariyawat
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Box 571, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden; (A.N.); (J.C.); (X.W.)
- Division of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Jing Cen
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Box 571, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden; (A.N.); (J.C.); (X.W.)
| | - Xuan Wang
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Box 571, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden; (A.N.); (J.C.); (X.W.)
| | - Nils Welsh
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Box 571, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden; (A.N.); (J.C.); (X.W.)
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146
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Zhao Z, Sun X, Cao L, Zhu C, He K, Hu X, Liu C, Feng Q, Qin Y. Salivary Proteome and Intact N-Glycopeptides Analysis Reveal Specific Signatures in Periodontitis. J Proteome Res 2024; 23:25-39. [PMID: 38088868 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a prevalent oral inflammatory disease that can result in tooth loss and is closely linked to type 2 diabetes (T2D). In this study, we analyzed the salivary proteome and intact N-glycopeptides (IGPs) of individuals with mild-moderate, severe, aggressive periodontitis, and periodontitis with T2D, including those treated with antidiabetic drugs, to identify specific signatures associated with the disease. Our results revealed that salivary proteins and glycoproteins were altered in all periodontitis groups (PRIDE ID: 1-20230612-72345), with fucose- and sialic acid-containing N-glycans showing the greatest increase. Additionally, differentially expressed proteins were classified into 9 clusters, including those that were increased in all periodontitis groups and those that were only altered in certain types of periodontitis. Interestingly, treatment with antidiabetic drugs reversed many of the changes observed in the salivary proteome and IGPs in T2D-related periodontitis, suggesting a potential therapeutic approach for managing periodontitis in patients with T2D. Consistent with MS/MS results, the expression of salivary IGHA2 and Fucα1-3/6GlcNAc (AAL) was significantly increased in MP. These findings provide new insights into the pathogenesis of periodontitis and highlight the potential of salivary biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring of disease progression and treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhirong Zhao
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics and Department of Pathogenic Microbiology & Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
- Xi'an Dian Medical Laboratory Co., Ltd., Xi'an, Shaanxi 710000, China
| | - Xiaoyu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Department of Periodontology, Stomatologic Hospital & College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Li Cao
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics and Department of Pathogenic Microbiology & Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Chunhui Zhu
- Department of Periodontology, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Kang He
- Department of Periodontology, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Xiaoyi Hu
- Department of Periodontology, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Chengcheng Liu
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics and Department of Pathogenic Microbiology & Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Qiang Feng
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Department of Human Microbiome, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Yannan Qin
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics and Department of Pathogenic Microbiology & Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
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147
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Yen FS, Hou MC, Wei JCC, Shih YH, Hwu CM, Hsu CC. Effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists on liver-related and cardiovascular mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes. BMC Med 2024; 22:8. [PMID: 38172833 PMCID: PMC10765623 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-023-03228-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) tend to have nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) with poorer prognosis. We performed this research to compare the risks of cardiovascular diseases, cirrhosis, liver-related mortality, and cardiovascular mortality between glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA) use and no-use in patients with T2D without viral hepatitis. METHODS From January 1, 2008, to December 31, 2018, we used propensity-score matching to identify 31,183 pairs of GLP-1 RA users and nonusers from Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database. Multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine the outcomes between the study and control groups. RESULTS The median (Q1, Q3) follow-up time for GLP-1 RA users and nonusers were 2.19 (1.35, 3.52) and 2.14 (1.19, 3.68) years, respectively. The all-cause mortality incidence rate was 5.67 and 13.06 per 1000 person-years for GLP-1 RA users and nonusers, respectively. Multivariable-adjusted analysis showed that GLP-1 RA use had significantly lower risks of all-cause mortality (aHR 0.48, 95%CI 0.43-0.53), cardiovascular events (aHR 0.92, 95%CI 0.86-0.99), cardiovascular death (aHR 0.57, 95%CI 0.45-0.72), and liver-related death (aHR 0.32, 95%CI 0.13-0.75). However, there was no significant difference in the risk of liver cirrhosis development, hepatic failure, and hepatocellular carcinoma compared to GLP-1 RA no-use. CONCLUSIONS This nationwide cohort study showed that GLP-1 RA use was associated with a significantly lower risk of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular events, and cardiovascular death in patients with T2D among Taiwan population. More prospective studies are warranted to verify our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Shun Yen
- Dr. Yen's Clinic, No. 15, Shanying Road, Gueishan District, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chih Hou
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - James Cheng-Chung Wei
- Department of Allergy, Immunology & Rheumatology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Hsiu Shih
- Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Chii-Min Hwu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Cheng Hsu
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County, Taiwan.
- Department of Health Services Administration, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
- Department of Family Medicine, Min-Sheng General Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
- National Center for Geriatrics and Welfare Research, National Health Research Institutes, Yunlin, Taiwan.
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148
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Li YS, Li JB, Wang JJ, Wang XH, Jiang WR, Qiu HN, Xia LF, Wu F, Lin CY, Liu YL, Lin JN. Risk factors for cognitive impairment in middle-aged type 2 diabetic patients: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e074753. [PMID: 38167287 PMCID: PMC10773412 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-074753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate risk factors for cognitive impairment (CI) and explore the relationship between obesity and cognition in hospitalised middle-aged patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). METHODS Subjects were divided into normal cognitive function (NCF) (n=320) and CI (n=204) groups based on the results of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). The risk factors for CI were determined by logistic regression analysis and generalised linear modelling. The associations between obesity parameters (body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC)) and cognitive ability were studied with the use of linear regression analysis, piecewise regression modelling and interaction analysis. The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to examine the diagnostic value of influencing factors for cc RESULTS: The prevalence of CI was 38.9% in hospitalised middle-aged T2DM patients (median age, 58 years). Age, WC, hypoglycaemic episode within past 3 months and cerebrovascular disease (CVD) were identified as independent risk factors for CI, while the independent protective factors were education, diabetic dietary pattern, overweight and obesity. BMI was a protective factor for the MoCA score within a certain range, whereas WC was a risk factor for the MMSE and MoCA scores. The area under the curve for the combination of BMI and WC was 0.754 (p<0.001). CONCLUSION Age, education, diabetic dietary pattern, WC, overweight, obesity, hypoglycaemic episode in 3 months and CVD may be potential influencing factors for the occurrence of CI in hospitalised middle-aged population with T2DM. The combination of BMI and WC may represent a good predictor for early screening of CI in this population. Nevertheless, more relevant prospective studies are still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Shuang Li
- Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin Medical University, Heping, Tianjin, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Tianjin Union Medical Center Tianjin People's Hospital, Hongqiao, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing-Bo Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Tianjin Union Medical Center Tianjin People's Hospital, Hongqiao, Tianjin, China
| | - Jun-Jia Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Tianjin Union Medical Center Tianjin People's Hospital, Hongqiao, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinghai, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiao-He Wang
- Institute of Non-Communicable Diseases Control and Prevention, Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hedong, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei-Ran Jiang
- Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Hui-Na Qiu
- Department of Endocrinology, Tianjin Union Medical Center Tianjin People's Hospital, Hongqiao, Tianjin, China
| | - Long-Fei Xia
- Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin Medical University, Heping, Tianjin, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Tianjin Union Medical Center Tianjin People's Hospital, Hongqiao, Tianjin, China
| | - Fan Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Tianjin Union Medical Center Tianjin People's Hospital, Hongqiao, Tianjin, China
| | - Chen-Ying Lin
- Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin Medical University, Heping, Tianjin, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Tianjin Union Medical Center Tianjin People's Hospital, Hongqiao, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan-Lan Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Tianjin Union Medical Center Tianjin People's Hospital, Hongqiao, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing-Na Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, Tianjin Union Medical Center Tianjin People's Hospital, Hongqiao, Tianjin, China
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149
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Dissanayake HA, Somasundaram NP. Polyagonists in Type 2 Diabetes Management. Curr Diab Rep 2024; 24:1-12. [PMID: 38150106 DOI: 10.1007/s11892-023-01530-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW This review summarizes the new developments in polyagonist pharmacotherapy for type 2 diabetes. RECENT FINDINGS Several dual- and triple-agonists targeting different pathogenic pathways of type 2 diabetes have entered clinical trials and have led to significant improvements in glycaemia, body weight, fatty liver, and cardio-renal risk factors, with variable adverse event profiles but no new serious safety concerns. Combining agents with complementary and synergistic mechanisms of action have enhanced efficacy and safety. Targeting multiple pathogenic pathways simultaneously has led to enhanced benefits which potentially match those of bariatric surgery. Tirzepatide, cotadutide, BI456906, ritatrutide, and CagriSema have entered phase 3 clinical trials. Outcomes from published clinical studies are reviewed. Efficacy-safety profiles are heterogeneous between agents, suggesting the potential application of precision medicine and need for personalized approach in pharmacological management of type 2 diabetes and obesity. Polyagonism has become a key strategy to address the complex pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes and co-morbidities and increasing number of agents are moving through clinical trials. Heterogeneity in efficacy-safety profiles calls for application of precision medicine and need for judicious personalization of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- H A Dissanayake
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
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150
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Govardhane S, Shende P. Zinc-Phthalocyanine Loaded PLGA-PVA-Chitosan Nanosystem for the Enhancement of Antidiabetic Activity. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:62-75. [PMID: 38038273 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Zinc, one of the most common nutraceutical agents, proved to be effective for diabetes as it regulates the blood glucose level by inhibiting glucagon secretion. However, the hepatotoxicity of zinc creates necrosis, hepatic glycogen depletion, and apoptosis of hepatocytes at the concentration of 10 μg/kg. Phthalocyanine, a blue-colored compound, is an aromatic macrocyclic compound with good antioxidant ability owing to its heterocyclic nitrogen conjugation. The conjugation of zinc with phthalocyanine aimed to reduce the toxicity associated with zinc and enhance the antidiabetic activity at a lower dose. Hence, the present research work possessed the insights of the synthetic aspect of zinc with phthalocyanine along with its entrapment in the poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)-chitosan nanosystem via oral administration in the treatment of diabetes. A nanoprecipitation technique was implemented for the synthesis of PLGA chitosan nanoparticles, and formulation was further optimized using a central composite design. Twenty trials provided by the software selected optimum concentrations of PLGA, poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), and chitosan in consideration with particle size up to 335.6 nm, zeta potential 27.87 mV, and entrapment efficiency of 75.67 ± 8.13%. Addition of chitosan to the nanocarrier system for controlling the release of the drug for 3 days was accompanied by the improvement in the glucose level within 28 days. The delivery of the nanoparticles showed enhancement in the cholesterol, triglyceride, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), urine parameters, and pro-inflammatory cytokines. The application of DoE (design of experiments) for the optimization of the nanoparticles established a controlled release formulation for diabetes, which displayed safety and effectiveness in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharayu Govardhane
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology management, SVKM's NMIMS, V. L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai 400056, India
| | - Pravin Shende
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology management, SVKM's NMIMS, V. L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai 400056, India
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