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Abstract
The accurate identification of biological control agents is necessary for monitoring and preventing contamination in integrated pest management (IPM); however, this is difficult for non-taxonomists to achieve in the field. Many machine learning techniques have been developed for multiple applications (e.g., identification of biological organisms). Some phytoseiids are biological control agents for small pests, such as Neoseiulus barkeri Hughes. To identify a precise biological control agent, a boosting machine learning classification, namely eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), was introduced in this study for the semi-automated identification of phytoseiid mites. XGBoost analyses were based on 22 quantitative morphological features among 512 specimens of N. barkeri and related phytoseiid species. These features were extracted manually from photomicrograph of mites and included dorsal and ventrianal shield lengths, setal lengths, and length and width of spermatheca. The results revealed 100% accuracy rating, and seta j4 achieved significant discrimination among specimens. The present study provides a path through which skills and experiences can be transferred between experts and non-experts. This can serve as a foundation for future studies on the automated identification of biological control agents for IPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhih-Rong Liao
- Department of Entomology, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Chin Lee
- Department of Entomology, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chih Chiu
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan City, 430072, China.
| | - Chiun-Cheng Ko
- Department of Entomology, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, 10617, Taiwan.
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202
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Domingues MM, Becchi LK, Velozo SGM, de Souza AR, Barbosa LR, Soares MA, Serrão JE, Zanuncio JC, Wilcken CF. Selectivity of mycoinsecticides and a pyrethroid to the egg parasitoid Cleruchoides noackae (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae). Sci Rep 2020; 10:14617. [PMID: 32883966 PMCID: PMC7471308 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71151-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants of the genus Eucalyptus, cultivated in many countries, have great importance for the world economy. In Brazil, this culture occupies a total of 5.7 million hectares, but native and exotic insect pests can reduce its productivity. Thaumastocoris peregrinus Carpintero & Dellapé (Hemiptera: Thaumastocoridae), an exotic Australian pest, damages Eucalyptus plants. Biological control using the egg parasitoid Cleruchoides noackae Lin & Huber (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae), Heteroptera predators and entomopathogenic fungi, such as Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae, have potential for managing T. peregrinus. Chemical insecticides, including bifenthrin and acetamiprid + bifenthrin, also control this insect. The compatibility of chemical and biological control methods favors integrated pest management. The objective of this study was to evaluate the selectivity of commercial products based on B. bassiana, M. anisopliae and the chemical bifenthrin on the parasitoid C. noackae and its parasitism on T. peregrinus eggs. The selectivity test followed the standards recommended by the International Organization for Biological Control (IOBC). Beauveria bassiana has selectivity to parasitism as well as viability, but was slightly harmful to C. noackae adults; M. anisopliae was innocuous to adults and to the viability of the offspring of this parasitoid, but it reduced the parasitism rate; and bifenthrin did not show selectivity to this parasitoid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurício Magalhães Domingues
- Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Campus de Botucatu, Botucatu, São Paulo, 18610-034, Brasil
| | - Luciane Katarine Becchi
- Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Campus de Botucatu, Botucatu, São Paulo, 18610-034, Brasil
| | - Simone Graziele Moio Velozo
- Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Campus de Botucatu, Botucatu, São Paulo, 18610-034, Brasil
| | | | | | - Marcus Alvarenga Soares
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Produção Vegetal, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Minas Gerais, 39100-000, Brasil
| | - José Eduardo Serrão
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brasil
| | - José Cola Zanuncio
- Departamento de Entomologia/BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brasil.
| | - Carlos Frederico Wilcken
- Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Campus de Botucatu, Botucatu, São Paulo, 18610-034, Brasil
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203
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Boukaew S, Prasertsan P. Efficacy of volatile compounds from Streptomyces philanthi RL-1-178 as a biofumigant for controlling growth and aflatoxin production of the two aflatoxin-producing fungi on stored soybean seeds. J Appl Microbiol 2020; 129:652-664. [PMID: 32196866 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed to apply the volatile organic compounds from Streptomyces philanthi RL-1-178 (VOCs RL-1-178) as a fumigant to protect soybean seeds against the two aflatoxin-producing fungi in stored soybean seeds. METHODS AND RESULTS The antifungal bioassay tests on potato dextrose agar (PDA) dishes showed that 30 g l-1 wheat seed inoculum of S. philanthi RL-1-178 exhibited total (100%) inhibition on Aspergillus parasiticus TISTR 3276 and Aspergillus flavus PSRDC-4. Identification of the VOCs RL-1-178 using GC-MS revealed 39 compounds with the most abundant substances being geosmin (13·75%) followed by l-linalool (13·55%), 2-mercaptoethanol (9·71%) and heneicosane (5·96%). Comparison on the efficacy of the VOCs RL-1-178 (at 30 g l-1 wheat seed culture) and their four major components (100 µl l-1 each) on the suppression of the two aflatoxin-producing fungi on PDA plates revealed that the VOCs RL-1-178 as well as geosmin, l-linalool and 2-mercaptoethanol completely inhibited (100%) mycelial growth while heneicosane showed only 70·7% inhibition. Use of the VOCs RL-1-178 (30 g l-1 ) as a biofumigant on stored soybean seeds resulted in complete protection (100%) against the infection as well as complete inhibition on production of aflatoxin (B1 , B2 and G2 ) (analysed by HPLC) by the two aflatoxin-producing fungi. CONCLUSIONS The VOCs RL-1-178 displayed strong inhibitory effects on A. parasiticus TISTR 3276 and A. flavus PSRDC-4 as well as inhibited aflatoxin (B1 , B2 and G2 ) production. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY These findings suggest that the VOCs RL-1-178 can be applied as a biofumigant to control the two aflatoxin-producing fungi on stored seeds products.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Boukaew
- College of Innovation and Management, Songkhla Rajabhat University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - P Prasertsan
- Research and Development Office, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
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204
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Stewart ATM, Winter N, Igiede J, Hapairai LK, James LD, Feng RS, Mohammed A, Severson DW, Duman-Scheel M. Community acceptance of yeast interfering RNA larvicide technology for control of Aedes mosquitoes in Trinidad. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237675. [PMID: 32797066 PMCID: PMC7428178 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi), a technique used to investigate gene function in insects and other organisms, is attracting attention as a potential new technology for mosquito control. Saccharomyces cerevisiae (baker's yeast) was recently engineered to produce interfering RNA molecules that silence genes required for mosquito survival, but which do not correspond to genes in humans or other non-target organisms. The resulting yeast pesticides, which facilitate cost-effective production and delivery of interfering RNA to mosquito larvae that eat the yeast, effectively kill mosquitoes in laboratory and semi-field trials. In preparation for field evaluation of larvicides in Trinidad, a Caribbean island with endemic diseases resulting from pathogens transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, adult residents living in the prospective trial site communities of Curepe, St. Augustine, and Tamana were engaged. Open community forums and paper surveys were used to assess the potential acceptability, societal desirability, and sustainability of yeast interfering RNA larvicides. These assessments revealed that Trinidadians have good working knowledge of mosquitoes and mosquito-borne illnesses. A majority of the respondents practiced some method of larval mosquito control and agreed that they would use a new larvicide if it were proven to be safe and effective. During the community engagement forums, participants were educated about mosquito biology, mosquito-borne diseases, and the new yeast larvicides. When invited to provide feedback, engagement forum attendees were strongly supportive of the new technology, raised few concerns, and provided helpful advice regarding optimal larvicide formulations, insecticide application, operational approaches for using the larvicides, and pricing. The results of these studies suggest that the participants are supportive of the potential use of yeast interfering RNA larvicides in Trinidad and that the communities assessed in this investigation represent viable field sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akilah T. M. Stewart
- Department of Life Sciences, The University of the West Indies at St. Augustine, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Nikhella Winter
- Department of Life Sciences, The University of the West Indies at St. Augustine, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Jessica Igiede
- Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Limb K. Hapairai
- Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, South Bend, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Lester D. James
- Department of Life Sciences, The University of the West Indies at St. Augustine, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Rachel Shui Feng
- Department of Life Sciences, The University of the West Indies at St. Augustine, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Azad Mohammed
- Department of Life Sciences, The University of the West Indies at St. Augustine, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - David W. Severson
- Department of Life Sciences, The University of the West Indies at St. Augustine, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
- Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, South Bend, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Molly Duman-Scheel
- Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, South Bend, Indiana, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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205
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Lester PJ, Bulgarella M, Baty JW, Dearden PK, Guhlin J, Kean JM. The potential for a CRISPR gene drive to eradicate or suppress globally invasive social wasps. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12398. [PMID: 32709966 PMCID: PMC7382497 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69259-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
CRISPR gene drives have potential for widespread and cost-efficient pest control, but are highly controversial. We examined a potential gene drive targeting spermatogenesis to control the invasive common wasp (Vespula vulgaris) in New Zealand. Vespula wasps are haplodiploid. Their life cycle makes gene drive production challenging, as nests are initiated by single fertilized queens in spring followed by several cohorts of sterile female workers and the production of reproductives in autumn. We show that different spermatogenesis genes have different levels of variation between introduced and native ranges, enabling a potential 'precision drive' that could target the reduced genetic diversity and genotypes within the invaded range. In vitro testing showed guide-RNA target specificity and efficacy that was dependent on the gene target within Vespula, but no cross-reactivity in other Hymenoptera. Mathematical modelling incorporating the genetic and life history traits of Vespula wasps identified characteristics for a male sterility drive to achieve population control. There was a trade-off between drive infiltration and impact: a drive causing complete male sterility would not spread, while partial sterility could be effective in limiting population size if the homing rate is high. Our results indicate that gene drives may offer viable suppression for wasps and other haplodiploid pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip J Lester
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand.
| | - Mariana Bulgarella
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - James W Baty
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Peter K Dearden
- Genomics Aotearoa and Biochemistry Department, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Joseph Guhlin
- Genomics Aotearoa and Biochemistry Department, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - John M Kean
- AgResearch Limited, Hamilton, 3240, New Zealand
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206
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de Queiroz AP, Bueno ADF, Panizzi AR, Favetti BM, Grande MLM, Luski PGG. Biological characteristics of Trissolcus urichi (Crawford) (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) on Euschistus heros (Fabricius) and Dichelops melacanthus (Dallas) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) Eggs. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12441. [PMID: 32710085 PMCID: PMC7382489 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69406-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Species of the genus Trissolcus are effective as egg parasitoids of Euschistus heros and can potentially be used in a multispecies pest management approach. However, in order to successfully use those biocontrol agents in the field, previous detailed knowledge about their life history are necessary. Therefore, we evaluate some biological characteristics of Trissolcus urichi on Euschistus heros and Dichelops melacanthus eggs. Three independent experiments were performed: (1) T. urichi host preference between E. heros and D. melacanthus eggs. (2) T. urichi eggs-adult period (days), number of parasitized eggs in 24 h, emergence rate (%) and sex ratio of the parasitoid in E. heros and D. melacanthus eggs. (3) Morphometric characteristics of T. urichi grown on E. heros and D. melacanthus eggs. Trissolcus urichi preferred to parasitize E. heros eggs, exhibiting a higher number of parasitized eggs, higher rate of emergence (%) and faster development, as well as producing progeny of larger size than the parasitoids emerged from eggs of D. melacanthus in relation to body length, wing length and width. Thus, it can be concluded that T. urichi had better performance on E. heros eggs, although the parasitoid had also acceptable parasitism capacity and development in D. melacanthus eggs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula de Queiroz
- Universidade Federal Do Paraná, Caixa Postal 19020, Curitiba, Paraná, 81531-980, Brasil
| | - Adeney de Freitas Bueno
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária - Embrapa Soja, Caixa Postal 231, Londrina, Paraná, 86001-970, Brasil.
| | - Antônio Ricardo Panizzi
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária - Embrapa Trigo, Caixa Postal 3081, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande Do Sul, 90050-970, Brasil
| | - Bruna Magda Favetti
- Instituto Agronômico Do Paraná (IAPAR), Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, km 375, Londrina, Paraná, 86047-902, Brasil
| | - Marcela Lais Mora Grande
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, PR 445, Km 380, Londrina, Paraná, 86055-900, Brasil
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207
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Fraser JE, O’Donnell TB, Duyvestyn JM, O’Neill SL, Simmons CP, Flores HA. Novel phenotype of Wolbachia strain wPip in Aedes aegypti challenges assumptions on mechanisms of Wolbachia-mediated dengue virus inhibition. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008410. [PMID: 32726353 PMCID: PMC7416964 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The bacterial endosymbiont Wolbachia is a biocontrol tool that inhibits the ability of the Aedes aegypti mosquito to transmit positive-sense RNA viruses such as dengue and Zika. Growing evidence indicates that when Wolbachia strains wMel or wAlbB are introduced into local mosquito populations, human dengue incidence is reduced. Despite the success of this novel intervention, we still do not fully understand how Wolbachia protects mosquitoes from viral infection. Here, we demonstrate that the Wolbachia strain wPip does not inhibit virus infection in Ae. aegypti. We have leveraged this novel finding, and a panel of Ae. aegypti lines carrying virus-inhibitory (wMel and wAlbB) and non-inhibitory (wPip) strains in a common genetic background, to rigorously test a number of hypotheses about the mechanism of Wolbachia-mediated virus inhibition. We demonstrate that, contrary to previous suggestions, there is no association between a strain's ability to inhibit dengue infection in the mosquito and either its typical density in the midgut or salivary glands, or the degree to which it elevates innate immune response pathways in the mosquito. These findings, and the experimental platform provided by this panel of genetically comparable mosquito lines, clear the way for future investigations to define how Wolbachia prevents Ae. aegypti from transmitting viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna E. Fraser
- World Mosquito Program, Institute of Vector-Borne Disease, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Tanya B. O’Donnell
- World Mosquito Program, Institute of Vector-Borne Disease, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Johanna M. Duyvestyn
- World Mosquito Program, Institute of Vector-Borne Disease, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Scott L. O’Neill
- World Mosquito Program, Institute of Vector-Borne Disease, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Cameron P. Simmons
- World Mosquito Program, Institute of Vector-Borne Disease, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Heather A. Flores
- World Mosquito Program, Institute of Vector-Borne Disease, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
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208
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Huot L, Bigourdan A, Pagès S, Ogier JC, Girard PA, Nègre N, Duvic B. Partner-specific induction of Spodoptera frugiperda immune genes in response to the entomopathogenic nematobacterial complex Steinernema carpocapsae-Xenorhabdus nematophila. Dev Comp Immunol 2020; 108:103676. [PMID: 32184079 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The Steinernema carpocapsae-Xenorhabdus nematophila association is a nematobacterial complex used in biological control of insect crop pests. The infection success of this dual pathogen strongly depends on its interactions with the host's immune system. Here, we used the lepidopteran pest Spodoptera frugiperda to analyze the respective impact of each partner in the induction of its immune responses. First, we used previously obtained RNAseq data to construct the immunome of S. frugiperda and analyze its induction. We then selected representative genes to study by RT-qPCR their induction kinetics and specificity after independent injections of each partner. We showed that both X. nematophila and S. carpocapsae participate in the induction of stable immune responses to the complex. While X. nematophila mainly induces genes classically involved in antibacterial responses, S. carpocapsae induces lectins and genes involved in melanization and encapsulation. We discuss putative relationships between these differential inductions and the pathogen immunosuppressive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Huot
- DGIMI, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Sylvie Pagès
- DGIMI, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | - Nicolas Nègre
- DGIMI, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, Montpellier, France.
| | - Bernard Duvic
- DGIMI, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, Montpellier, France.
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209
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Dorta SDO, Balbinotte J, Monnerat R, Lopes JRS, da Cunha T, Zanardi OZ, de Miranda MP, Machado MA, de Freitas-Astúa J. Selection of Bacillus thuringiensis strains in citrus and their pathogenicity to Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae) nymphs. Insect Sci 2020; 27:519-530. [PMID: 30548193 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins are effective in controlling insect pests either through the spraying of products or when expressed in transgenic crops. The discovery of endophytic Bt strains opened new perspectives for studies aimed at the control of sap-sucking insects, such as the Asian citrus psyllid Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae), a vector of "Candidatus Liberibacter spp.," associated with citrus huanglongbing (HLB). In this study, translocation of endophytic Bt strains in citrus seedlings inoculated with Bt suspension delivered by soil-drench, and their systemic pathogenicity to D. citri nymphs were investigated. The pathogenicity of three wild-type Bt strains against D. citri third-instar nymphs was demonstrated. Among the 10 recombinant strains tested (each of them harboring a single cry or cyt gene), 3 can be highlighted, causing 42%-77% and 66%-90% nymphal mortality at 2 and 5 d after inoculation, respectively. The isolation of Bt cells from young citrus shoots and dead nymphs, and PCR performed with specific primers, confirmed the involvement of the Bt strains in the psyllid mortality. This is the first report showing the translocation of Bt strains from citrus seedling roots to shoots and their potential to control D. citri nymphs that fed on these soil-drench inoculated seedlings. The Bt strains that caused the highest mortality rates have the potential to be used as bioinsecticides to control D. citri and the identified genes can be used for the production of transgenic Bt citrus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia de Oliveira Dorta
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia Agrícola, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia, Centro de Citricultura Sylvio Moreira, Instituto Agronômico de Campinas, Cordeirópolis, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana Balbinotte
- Laboratório de Insetos Vetores de Fitopatógenos, Departamento de Entomologia e Acarologia, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Rose Monnerat
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - João Roberto Spotti Lopes
- Laboratório de Insetos Vetores de Fitopatógenos, Departamento de Entomologia e Acarologia, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Tatiane da Cunha
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia Agrícola, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia, Centro de Citricultura Sylvio Moreira, Instituto Agronômico de Campinas, Cordeirópolis, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Marcos Antonio Machado
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia, Centro de Citricultura Sylvio Moreira, Instituto Agronômico de Campinas, Cordeirópolis, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana de Freitas-Astúa
- Embrapa Mandioca e Fruticultura, Cruz das Almas, BA, Brazil
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Fitopatológica, Instituto Biológico, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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210
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Leman A, Ingegno BL, Tavella L, Janssen A, Messelink GJ. The omnivorous predator Macrolophus pygmaeus, a good candidate for the control of both greenhouse whitefly and poinsettia thrips on gerbera plants. Insect Sci 2020; 27:510-518. [PMID: 30549212 PMCID: PMC7217019 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The poinsettia thrips Echinothrips americanus Morgan is a relatively new pest that has spread rapidly worldwide and causes serious damage in both vegetable and ornamental plants. In this study, we investigated if and how effective this pest can be controlled in gerbera by the omnivorous predator Macrolophus pygmaeus (Rambur). Because herbivores on plants can interact through a shared predator, we also investigated how poinsettia thrips control is affected by the presence of the greenhouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood), a pest that commonly coexists with E. americanus in gerbera. In laboratory studies, we found that the predator M. pygmaeus fed on both pests when offered together. Olfactometer tests showed a clear preference of the predators for plants infested by whiteflies but not by thrips. In a greenhouse experiment, densities of both pests on single gerbera plants were reduced to very low levels by the predator, either with both pests present together or alone. Hence, predator-mediated effects between whiteflies and thrips played only a minor role. The plant feeding of the shared predator probably reduced the dependence of predator survival and reproduction on the densities of the two pests, thereby weakening potential predator-mediated effects. Thus, M. pygmaeus is a good candidate for biological control of both pests in gerbera. However, further research is needed to investigate pest control at larger scales, when the pests can occur on different plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ada Leman
- Wageningen University & ResearchBusiness Unit Greenhouse HorticultureBleiswijkthe Netherlands
| | - Barbara L. Ingegno
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari (DISAFA), ULF Entomologia Generale e ApplicataUniversity of TorinoGrugliasco (TO)Italy
| | - Luciana Tavella
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari (DISAFA), ULF Entomologia Generale e ApplicataUniversity of TorinoGrugliasco (TO)Italy
| | - Arne Janssen
- IBED, Department of Evolutionary and Population BiologyUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Gerben J. Messelink
- Wageningen University & ResearchBusiness Unit Greenhouse HorticultureBleiswijkthe Netherlands
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Duso C, Van Leeuwen T, Pozzebon A. Improving the compatibility of pesticides and predatory mites: recent findings on physiological and ecological selectivity. Curr Opin Insect Sci 2020; 39:63-68. [PMID: 32330876 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2020.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Integrated pest management relies upon the application of selective pesticides that do not hinder biological control. Phytoseiid mites represent an interesting case-study: they are amongst the most frequently used biological control agents and often are less affected by pesticides than their prey by natural tolerance or by developing resistance. The selectivity of a pesticide is determined by physiological processes that include metabolism, transport, and the affinity to the target-site. Genomic and transcriptomic studies start to elucidate the genetic and molecular mechanisms of differential toxicity in some phytoseiid species, such as a mutation in the sodium channel conferring pyrethroid resistance. Ecological selectivity is achieved by smart applications of pesticides and management practices that influence the persistence of phytoseiid mites on plants. Although modern pesticides often show lower acute toxicity, there is a need for robust assays and procedures that quantify lethal and sublethal effects, through different routes and times of exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Duso
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy.
| | - Thomas Van Leeuwen
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bio-Science Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Alberto Pozzebon
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
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Dor A, Maggiani-Aguilera AM, Valle-Mora J, Bond JG, Marina CF, Liedo P. Assessment of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) Males Flight Ability for SIT Application: Effect of Device Design, Duration of Test, and Male Age. J Med Entomol 2020; 57:824-829. [PMID: 31808821 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjz226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) is a pest control method where large numbers of sterile males are released to induce sterility in wild populations. Since a successful SIT application depends on the released sterile males being competitive with wild males, standard quality control tests are a necessary component of any SIT program. Flight ability (ability to fly out from a device) is a reliable indicator of insect quality. Based on previous studies, we developed four new tubular devices constructed with locally available materials to explore their potential as flight test devices for Aedes aegypti (L.) mass-reared males. Males were allowed to fly upwards through a vertical tube, the ones that flew out were considered successful. The effect of male age (0 to 21 d old), test time interval (30 min to 24 h), and the design of the device (40 and 80 cm height and 2 and 3.5 cm diameter) were evaluated. Our devices determined differences in the flight ability of Ae. aegypti males of different ages. During the first minutes, more old males escaped than young males in three out of four types of devices. However, young males reached higher rates of escape in all cases after 24 h. For standard quality control tests, we recommend testing 2- to 3-d-old sexually mature males in the high and narrow device (80 × 2 cm). Further observations for time intervals between 1 and 5 h might be performed to decide the shortest and more representative interval to use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariane Dor
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (Cátedra) commissioned to El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Carretera Antiguo Aeropuerto, C. P., Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - Ana María Maggiani-Aguilera
- Universidad de Guadalajara, Centro Universitario De Ciencias Biológicas Y Agropecuarias, Camino Ramón Padilla Sánchez Nextipac, Zapopan, Jalisco
| | - Javier Valle-Mora
- El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Carretera Antiguo Aeropuerto, C.P., Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - J Guillermo Bond
- Centro Regional de Investigación en Salud Pública (CRISP), Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública-(INSP), 19ª Calle Poniente, esquina 4ª Avenida Norte, Centro, C.P. 30700, Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - Carlos F Marina
- Centro Regional de Investigación en Salud Pública (CRISP), Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública-(INSP), 19ª Calle Poniente, esquina 4ª Avenida Norte, Centro, C.P. 30700, Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - Pablo Liedo
- El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Carretera Antiguo Aeropuerto, C.P., Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico
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Wang Z, Cai W, Wang W, Zhao J, Li Y, Zou Y, Elgizawy KK, Hua H. Assessing the effects of Cry2Aa protein on Habrobracon hebetor (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a parasitoid of Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella (lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2020; 194:110380. [PMID: 32145528 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Transgenic crops express Cry proteins exhibit high resistant to target insect pests. When we evaluate the effects of Cry proteins on the parasitoid of target insect pest via tritrophic experiments (transgenic plant-target insect pest-parasitoid) host quality of parasitoids might decrease because of insecticidal protein ingestion, this would cause host-quality mediated effects and influence the accuracy of biosafety assessment. In the current study, high dose of Cry2Aa protein was injected into the hemolymph of Plodia interpunctella by microinjection, and the hemolymph was used as the carrier to deliver Cry protein to Habrobracon hebetor, which has been previously reported as an ectoparasitoid of P. interpunctella larval, in order to avoid the "host-quality mediated effects". Results showed that injected Cry2Aa remained at high concentration and bioactive in the hemolymph of P. interpunctella parasitized by H. hebetor, the hemolymph of P. interpunctella could be used as carriers of Cry protein to H. hebetor, and high dose of Cry2Aa have no negative impacts on the development time, weight of pupa, sex ratio, adults weight (male and female), adult longevity and fecundity, and the activity of stress-related enzymes of H. hebetor. However, the hemolymph of P. interpunctella injected into Galanthus nivalis agglutinin (the positive control) showed significant negative impact on these parameters measured in the present study of H. hebetor. This indicated that Cry2Aa protein had no detrimental effects on the biological parameters of H. hebetor measured in the current study. Meanwhile, this study provides a new method for the safety evaluation of the ectoparasitoids of target pest and might be expanded to the other species of ectoparasitoids of target insects of Cry proteins in biosafety risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengjie Wang
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Wanlun Cai
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Wenjun Wang
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Jing Zhao
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Yifeng Li
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Yulan Zou
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Karam Khamis Elgizawy
- Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh, 13736, Egypt.
| | - Hongxia Hua
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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Liccardo A, Fierro A, Garganese F, Picciotti U, Porcelli F. A biological control model to manage the vector and the infection of Xylella fastidiosa on olive trees. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232363. [PMID: 32353044 PMCID: PMC7192417 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Xylella fastidiosa pauca ST53 is the bacterium responsible for the Olive Quick Decline Syndrome that has killed millions of olive trees in Southern Italy. A recent work demonstrates that a rational integration of vector and transmission control measures, into a strategy based on chemical and physical control means, can manage Xylella fastidiosa invasion and impact below an acceptable economic threshold. In the present study, we propose a biological alternative to the chemical control action, which involves the predetermined use of an available natural enemy of Philaenus spumarius, i.e., Zelus renardii, for adult vector population and infection biocontrol. The paper combines two different approaches: a laboratory experiment to test the predation dynamics of Zelus renardii on Philaenus spumarius and its attitude as candidate for an inundation strategy; a simulated experiment of inundation, to preliminary test the efficacy of such strategy, before eventually proceeding to an in-field experimentation. With this double-fold approach we show that an inundation strategy with Zelus renardii has the potential to furnish an efficient and "green" solution to Xylella fastidiosa invasion, with a reduction of the pathogen incidence below 10%. The biocontrol model presented here could be promising for containing the impact and spread of Xylella fastidiosa, after an in-field validation of the inundation technique. Saving the fruit orchard, the production and the industry in susceptible areas could thus become an attainable goal, within comfortable parameters for sustainability, environmental safety, and effective plant health protection in organic orchard management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Liccardo
- Physics Department, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, Napoli, Italy
| | - Annalisa Fierro
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)—Institute Superconductors, oxides and other innovative materials and devices (SPIN), Napoli, Italy
| | - Francesca Garganese
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della Pianta e degli Alimenti, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Apulia, Italy
| | - Ugo Picciotti
- Departamento de Ciencias del Mar y Biologia Aplicada, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Francesco Porcelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della Pianta e degli Alimenti, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Apulia, Italy
- CIHEAM IAMB, Valenzano, Italy
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Iwanicki NSA, Mascarin GM, Moreno SG, Eilenberg J, Delalibera Júnior I. Growth kinetic and nitrogen source optimization for liquid culture fermentation of Metarhizium robertsii blastospores and bioefficacy against the corn leafhopper Dalbulus maidis. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 36:71. [PMID: 32350696 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-020-02844-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The cosmopolitan entomopathogenic and root endophytic fungus Metarhizium robertsii has a versatile lifestyle and during liquid fermentation undergoes a dimorphic transformation from hyphae to conidia or microsclerotia, or from hyphae to blastospores. In all cases, these processes are mediated by environmental and nutritional cues. Blastospores could be used in spray applications to control arthropod pests above ground and may serve as an attractive alternative to the traditional solid-grown aerial conidial spores of Metarhizium spp. found in commercial products. Nitrogen is a vital nutrient in cell metabolism and growth; however, it is the expensive component in liquid cultures of entomopathogenic fungi. Our goals in this study were to optimize nitrogen sources and titers for maximum production of M. robertsii blastospores cultured in shake flasks at highly aerated conditions and to further determine their virulence against the corn leafhopper Dalbulus maidis, an important vector of serious pathogens in maize crops worldwide. Our fermentation studies revealed that the low-cost corn steep liquor (CSL) was the most suitable nitrogen source to improve blastospore growth in M. robertsii. The growth kinetic assays determined the optimal titer of 80 g L-1 and a yield up to 4.7 × 108 cells mL-1 within 5 days of cultivation (3 days preculture and 2 days culture), at a total cost of US$0.30 L-1. Moreover, the blastospore growth kinetic was strongly dependent on glucose and nitrogen consumptions accompanied by a slight drop in the culture pH. Insect bioassays evidenced a high virulence of these blastospores, either as dried or fresh cells, to D. maidis adults fed on maize plants. Our findings provide insights into the nutritional requirements for optimal and cost-efficient production of M. robertsii blastospores and elucidate the potential of blastospores as an ecofriendly tool against the corn leafhopper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Sant Anna Iwanicki
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", University of São Paulo (ESALQ-USP), Av. Pádua Dias, 11, C.P. 9, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil.
| | - Gabriel Moura Mascarin
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Embrapa Environment, Rodovia SP 340, Km 127.5, Jaguariúna, 13820-000, Brazil.
| | - Sara Giro Moreno
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", University of São Paulo (ESALQ-USP), Av. Pádua Dias, 11, C.P. 9, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Jørgen Eilenberg
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Italo Delalibera Júnior
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", University of São Paulo (ESALQ-USP), Av. Pádua Dias, 11, C.P. 9, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
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217
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Xu W, Wen XY, Hou YY, Desneux N, Ali A, Zang LS. Suitability of Chinese oak silkworm eggs for the multigenerational rearing of the parasitoid Trichogramma leucaniae. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231098. [PMID: 32315304 PMCID: PMC7173779 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Trichogramma leucaniae is believed to be an efficient biological control agent for controlling the soybean pod borer [SPB; Leguminivora glycinivorella]. The large eggs of Chinese oak silkworm, Antheraea pernyi, are one of the best alternative host for mass production of Trichogramma. However, they are considered poor host for the growth and development of T. leucaniae. Here, we determine the feasibility of successive rearings of T. leucaniae on the large eggs for eight generations and evaluated their capacity of parasitizing SPB eggs of different ages. In the first four generations, the suitability of T. leucaniae reared on large eggs exhibited a significant increasing tendency and then decreased with the successive generations thereafter. The percentage of parasitized eggs and number of emerged adults per egg were increased from 40.0% and 10.8 adults/egg in F1 generation to 86.7% and 36.4 adults/egg in F4 generation respectively. In addition, T. leucaniae reared on A. pernyi for four generations significantly parasitized more SPB eggs regardless of egg age compared with those reared on Corcyra cephalonica eggs. These results provided useful information on the feasibility of mass production of T. leucaniae by reared for successive generations on A. pernyi large eggs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xu
- Institute of Biological Control, College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Xuan-Ye Wen
- Institute of Biological Control, College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- General Station of Forest and Grassland Pest Management, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shenyang, China
| | - Yang-Yang Hou
- Institute of Biological Control, College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | | | - Asad Ali
- Department of Agriculture, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Lian-Sheng Zang
- Institute of Biological Control, College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
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218
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Couret J, Notarangelo M, Veera S, LeClaire-Conway N, Ginsberg HS, LeBrun RL. Biological control of Aedes mosquito larvae with carnivorous aquatic plant, Utricularia macrorhiza. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:208. [PMID: 32317006 PMCID: PMC7175535 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04084-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biological controls with predators of larval mosquito vectors have historically focused almost exclusively on insectivorous animals, with few studies examining predatory plants as potential larvacidal agents. In this study, we experimentally evaluate a generalist plant predator of North America, Utricularia macrorhiza, the common bladderwort, and evaluate its larvacidal efficiency for the mosquito vectors Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus in no-choice, laboratory experiments. We sought to determine first, whether U. macrorhiza is a competent predator of container-breeding mosquitoes, and secondly, its predation efficiency for early and late instar larvae of each mosquito species. METHODS Newly hatched, first-instar Ae. albopictus and Ae. aegypti larvae were separately exposed in cohorts of 10 to field-collected U. macrorhiza cuttings. Data on development time and larval survival were collected on a daily basis to ascertain the effectiveness of U. macrorhiza as a larval predator. Survival models were used to assess differences in larval survival between cohorts that were exposed to U. macrorhiza and those that were not. A permutation analysis was used to investigate whether storing U. macrorhiza in laboratory conditions for extended periods of time (1 month vs 6 months) affected its predation efficiency. RESULTS Our results indicated a 100% and 95% reduction of survival of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus larvae, respectively, in the presence of U. macrorhiza relative to controls within five days, with peak larvacidal efficiency in plant cuttings from ponds collected in August. Utricularia macrorhiza cuttings, which were prey-deprived, and maintained in laboratory conditions for 6 months were more effective larval predators than cuttings, which were maintained prey-free for 1 month. CONCLUSIONS Due to the combination of high predation efficiency and the unique biological feature of facultative predation, we suggest that U. macrorhiza warrants further development as a method for larval mosquito control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannelle Couret
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Woodward Hall, 9 East Alumni Ave, Kingston, USA
| | - Marco Notarangelo
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Woodward Hall, 9 East Alumni Ave, Kingston, USA
| | - Sarashwathy Veera
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Woodward Hall, 9 East Alumni Ave, Kingston, USA
| | - Noah LeClaire-Conway
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Woodward Hall, 9 East Alumni Ave, Kingston, USA
| | - Howard S. Ginsberg
- U.S. Geological Survey Patuxent Wildlife Coastal Field Station, Kingston, USA
| | - Roger L. LeBrun
- Department of Plant Sciences and Entomology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, USA
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Sahayaraj K, Kalidas S, Estelle LYL. Bioefficacy of Rhynocoris longifrons (Stål) (Heteroptera: Reduviidae) against multiple cotton pests under screen house and field conditions. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6637. [PMID: 32313143 PMCID: PMC7171081 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63768-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhynocoris longifrons (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) is a generalist predator of many cotton insect pests. The hiding behaviour of this predator, which is one of the key factors of predation success, was investigated under screen house conditions. Moreover, we evaluated its biocontrol potential against Aphis gossypii (Hemiptera: Aphididae), Dysdercus cingulatus (Hemiptera: Pyrrhocoridae), Phenacoccus solenopsis (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), and Helicoverpa armigera Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) under screen house and field conditions. Results showed that R. longifrons life stages preferred to hide under small pebbles in the screen house tests. All the R. longifrons life stages showed a biocontrol potential against the four insect pests under screen house conditions. However, their biocontrol potential had not varied in relation to day and night hours. Augmentative releases of R. longifrons were carried out for two seasons such as South-west monsoon, 2011 and post-monsoon, 2012. The augmentative release of R. longifrons reduced significantly insect pests on cotton. In fact, the release of this predator in cotton fields was capable to reduce the population of H. armigera (50%), P. solenopsis (28%), D. cingulatus (18.8%), and A. gossypii (11.8%) during the rain fed condition (south-west monsoon season). During irrigated condition (post-monsoon season), populations of D. cingulatus were reduced by 26%, than P. solenopsis (20.6%), and A. gossypii (16.8%). Except ants, no negative impact was reported on other natural enemies present in the cotton field. Significantly higher crop yield and cost benefit ratio was observed in the predator release plots indicating that R. longifrons can be used in an integrated pest management program for multiple cotton pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kitherian Sahayaraj
- Crop Protection Research Centre, Dept. of Zoology, St. Xavier's College, Palayamkottai-627 002, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Subramanian Kalidas
- Crop Protection Research Centre, Dept. of Zoology, St. Xavier's College, Palayamkottai-627 002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Loko Yêyinou Laura Estelle
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Biosciences et Biotechnologies Appliquées (ENSBBA), Université Nationale des Sciences, Technologies, Ingénierie et Mathématiques (UNSTIM), BP 14, Dassa, Benin
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Qessaoui R, Amarraque A, Lahmyed H, Ajerrar A, Mayad EH, Chebli B, Walters AS, Bouharroud R. Inoculation of tomato plants with rhizobacteria suppresses development of whitefly Bemisia tabaci (GENNADIUS) (HEMIPTERA: ALEYRODIDAE): Agro-ecological application. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231496. [PMID: 32298309 PMCID: PMC7162499 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In agroecosystems, soil biodiversity is increasingly becoming more recognized as providing benefits to both plants and human health. It performs a wide variety of ecological services beyond the recycling of nutrients to plant growth and manage pests and diseases below the economic injury level. This study investigated the effects of three Pseudomonas isolates (Q172B, Q110B and Q036B), isolated from untreated tomato rhizospheric soil, as a biological control agent of Bemisia tabaci which is a key pest of tomato crops. The study was conducted under laboratory and glasshouse conditions and the water treatment was used as a control. Adult mortality rates were assessed during three days at 24h interval and larva mortality rates were evaluated during six days after treatment at 48h interval. Results indicate that Q036B isolate has a faster effect on B. tabaci adult and larvae. Under laboratory conditions, all three Pseudomonas isolates (Q110B, Q036B and Q172B) have a significant effect on B. tabaci adult mortality compared to control. The earliest and the most important mortality rate of 76% was recorded by Q036B. Two isolates Q036B and Q110B caused a significant mortality on B. tabaci larvae; with highest mortality effect (79%) was observed for Q036B compared to control. However, Q172B has no mortality effects on B. tabaci larvae under laboratory conditions. In glasshouse conditions, only Q036B provided high mortality rates of 91% at 168h after treatment. The results of this study indicate that the Pseudomonas isolate Q036B significantly suppresses B. tabaci in tomato plant and could substitute the excessive use of chemicals. Current research indicates that soil biodiversity could be promising to preserve agro-ecological sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Redouan Qessaoui
- Research Unit of Integrated Crop Production, Centre Regional de la Recherche Agronomique d’Agadir, plant protection laboratory, Inezgane, Morocco
- Biotechnology and Environmental Engineering Team, Laboratory for Process Environmental and Energy Engineering, National School of Applied Sciences, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir, Morocco
| | - Abderrahim Amarraque
- Research Unit of Integrated Crop Production, Centre Regional de la Recherche Agronomique d’Agadir, plant protection laboratory, Inezgane, Morocco
| | - Hind Lahmyed
- Research Unit of Integrated Crop Production, Centre Regional de la Recherche Agronomique d’Agadir, plant protection laboratory, Inezgane, Morocco
- Biotechnology and Environmental Engineering Team, Laboratory for Process Environmental and Energy Engineering, National School of Applied Sciences, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir, Morocco
| | - Abdelhadi Ajerrar
- Research Unit of Integrated Crop Production, Centre Regional de la Recherche Agronomique d’Agadir, plant protection laboratory, Inezgane, Morocco
- Biotechnology and Environmental Engineering Team, Laboratory for Process Environmental and Energy Engineering, National School of Applied Sciences, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir, Morocco
| | - El Hassan Mayad
- Laboratory of Biotechnologies and Valorization of Natural Resources Faculty of Sciences—Agadir, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir, Morocco
| | - Bouchra Chebli
- Biotechnology and Environmental Engineering Team, Laboratory for Process Environmental and Energy Engineering, National School of Applied Sciences, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir, Morocco
| | - Alan Stuart Walters
- Department of Plant, Soil and Agricultural Systems, College of Agricultural Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Rachid Bouharroud
- Research Unit of Integrated Crop Production, Centre Regional de la Recherche Agronomique d’Agadir, plant protection laboratory, Inezgane, Morocco
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Polaszek A, Noyes JS, Russell S, Ramadan MM. Metaphycus macadamiae (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) - a biological control agent of macadamia felted coccid Acanthococcus ironsidei (Hemiptera: Eriococcidae) in Hawaii. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0230944. [PMID: 32267857 PMCID: PMC7141769 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A new species of encyrtid wasp, Metaphycus macadamiae Polaszek
& Noyes sp. n., (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae: Encyrtinae) is
described as a solitary endoparasitoid of the invasive macadamia felted coccid,
Acanthococcus ironsidei (Hemiptera: Eriococcidae) in
Hawaii. This parasitoid is native to Australia, and the species description is
based on material collected from a Macadamia integrifolia
Maiden & Betche (Proteaceae) plantation in New South Wales, Australia, the
native region of the host tree and insect. It is described here because it is a
potential biological control agent against this pest where it has recently
invaded Hawaii and South Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Polaszek
- Dept of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, England, United
Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - John S. Noyes
- Dept of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, England, United
Kingdom
| | - Stephen Russell
- Core Research Laboratories, Natural History Museum, London, England,
United Kingdom
| | - Mohsen M. Ramadan
- Division of Plant Industry, Plant Pest Control Branch, Hawaii Department
of Agriculture, Honolulu, Hawaii
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222
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Tzec-Interián JA, Desgarennes D, Carrión G, Monribot-Villanueva JL, Guerrero-Analco JA, Ferrera-Rodríguez O, Santos-Rodríguez DL, Liahut-Guin N, Caballero-Reyes GE, Ortiz-Castro R. Characterization of plant growth-promoting bacteria associated with avocado trees (Persea americana Miller) and their potential use in the biocontrol of Scirtothrips perseae (avocado thrips). PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231215. [PMID: 32267901 PMCID: PMC7141680 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants interact with a great variety of microorganisms that inhabit the rhizosphere or the epiphytic and endophytic phyllosphere and that play critical roles in plant growth as well as the biocontrol of phytopathogens and insect pests. Avocado fruit damage caused by the thrips species Scirtothrips perseae leads to economic losses of 12–51% in many countries. In this study, a screening of bacteria associated with the rhizosphere or endophytic phyllosphere of avocado roots was performed to identify bacterial isolates with plant growth-promoting activity in vitro assays with Arabidopsis seedlings and to assess the biocontrol activity of the isolates against Scirtothrips perseae. The isolates with beneficial, pathogenic and/or neutral effects on Arabidopsis seedlings were identified. The plant growth-promoting bacteria were clustered in two different groups (G1 and G3B) based on their effects on root architecture and auxin responses, particularly bacteria of the Pseudomonas genus (MRf4-2, MRf4-4 and TRf2-7) and one Serratia sp. (TS3-6). Twenty strains were selected based on their plant growth promotion characteristics to evaluate their potential as thrips biocontrol agents. Analyzing the biocontrol activity of S. perseae, it was identified that Chryseobacterium sp. shows an entomopathogenic effect on avocado thrips survival. Through the metabolic profiling of compounds produced by bacteria with plant growth promotion activity, bioactive cyclodipeptides (CDPs) that could be responsible for the plant growth-promoting activity in Arabidopsis were identified in Pseudomonas, Serratia and Stenotrophomonas. This study unravels the diversity of bacteria from the avocado rhizosphere and highlights the potential of a unique isolate to achieve the biocontrol of S. perseae.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Damaris Desgarennes
- Red de Biodiversidad y Sistemática, Instituto de Ecología, Xalapa, Veracruz, México
| | - Gloria Carrión
- Red de Biodiversidad y Sistemática, Instituto de Ecología, Xalapa, Veracruz, México
- * E-mail: (ROC); (GC)
| | | | | | | | | | - Nut Liahut-Guin
- Red de Biodiversidad y Sistemática, Instituto de Ecología, Xalapa, Veracruz, México
| | | | - Randy Ortiz-Castro
- Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología, Xalapa, Veracruz, México
- Catedratico-CONACyT en el Instituto de Ecología A. C., Xalapa, Veracruz, México
- * E-mail: (ROC); (GC)
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223
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Ross PA, Axford JK, Callahan AG, Richardson KM, Hoffmann AA. Persistent deleterious effects of a deleterious Wolbachia infection. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008204. [PMID: 32243448 PMCID: PMC7159649 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Wolbachia are being used to reduce dengue transmission by
Aedes aegypti mosquitoes around the world. To date releases
have mostly involved Wolbachia strains with limited fitness
effects but strains with larger fitness costs could be used to suppress mosquito
populations. However, such infections are expected to evolve towards decreased
deleterious effects. Here we investigate potential evolutionary changes in the
wMelPop infection transferred from Drosophila
melanogaster to Aedes aegypti more than ten years
(~120 generations) ago. We show that most deleterious effects of this infection
have persisted despite strong selection to ameliorate them. The
wMelPop-PGYP infection is difficult to maintain in
laboratory colonies, likely due to the persistent deleterious effects coupled
with occasional maternal transmission leakage. Furthermore, female mosquitoes
can be scored incorrectly as infected due to transmission of
Wolbachia through mating. Infection loss in colonies was
not associated with evolutionary changes in the nuclear background. These
findings suggest that Wolbachia transinfections with
deleterious effects may have stable phenotypes which could ensure their
long-term effectiveness if released in natural populations to reduce population
size. Mosquitoes infected with Wolbachia bacteria are being deployed
into the field where they can suppress mosquito populations and reduce dengue
transmission. These programs rely on the use of Wolbachia
strains that have desirable phenotypes, which can include deleterious fitness
effects, reproductive manipulation and virus blocking. However, theory predicts
that Wolbachia will evolve to become less costly to their
hosts, reducing the effectiveness of these programs. We investigate the
potential for evolutionary changes by performing a comprehensive phenotypic
analysis of a deleterious Wolbachia strain,
wMelPop-PGYP, that was introduced to Aedes
aegypti mosquitoes from Drosophila over ten years
ago. In contrast to theoretical expectations and research from
Drosophila, our results suggest that
Wolbachia strains with deleterious effects may have stable
phenotypes, ensuring their long-term effectiveness if released into natural
populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perran A. Ross
- Pest and Environmental Adaptation Research Group, Bio21
Institute and the School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville,
Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Jason K. Axford
- Pest and Environmental Adaptation Research Group, Bio21
Institute and the School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville,
Victoria, Australia
| | - Ashley G. Callahan
- Pest and Environmental Adaptation Research Group, Bio21
Institute and the School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville,
Victoria, Australia
| | - Kelly M. Richardson
- Pest and Environmental Adaptation Research Group, Bio21
Institute and the School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville,
Victoria, Australia
| | - Ary A. Hoffmann
- Pest and Environmental Adaptation Research Group, Bio21
Institute and the School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville,
Victoria, Australia
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224
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Schaffner U, Hill M, Dudley T, D'Antonio C. Post-release monitoring in classical biological control of weeds: assessing impact and testing pre-release hypotheses. Curr Opin Insect Sci 2020; 38:99-106. [PMID: 32278264 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2020.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
While various aspects of classical biological control (CBC) of weeds, including non-target risk assessment, have been continuously improved in the past few decades, post-release monitoring remains neglected and underfunded. Detailed assessments of the population, community and ecosystem outcomes of CBC introductions, including reasons for success/failure and absence or evidence of non-target effects are generally lacking or fragmentary. Here we review recent advances in understanding the demography of biological control agents released into a novel environment, their impact on the target weed and on non-target species, and the consequences for the resident plant and animal communities and ecosystem functioning, including the restoration of ecosystem services. We argue that post-release monitoring of CBC programs offers unique but largely underutilized opportunities to improve our understanding of CBC outcomes and to inform management and decision-makers on when and how CBC should be integrated with other management options to enhance ecosystem restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urs Schaffner
- CABI, Rue des Grillons 1, 2800 Delémont, Switzerland.
| | - Martin Hill
- Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Grahamstown, South Africa
| | - Tom Dudley
- University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
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225
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Sun Y, Ding J, Siemann E, Keller SR. Biocontrol of invasive weeds under climate change: progress, challenges and management implications. Curr Opin Insect Sci 2020; 38:72-78. [PMID: 32200301 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2020.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is predicted to increase the frequency and impact of plant invasions, creating a need for new control strategies as part of mitigation planning. The complex interactions between invasive plants and biocontrol agents have created distinct policy and management challenges, including the effectiveness and risk assessment of biocontrol under different climate change scenarios. In this brief review, we synthesize recent studies describing the potential ecological and evolutionary outcomes for biocontrol agents/candidates for plant invaders under climate change. We also discuss potential methodologies that can be used as a framework for predicting ecological and evolutionary responses of plant-natural enemy interactions under climate change, and for refining our understanding of the efficacy and risk of using biocontrol on invasive plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Sun
- Department of Biology/Ecology & Evolution, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
| | - Jianqing Ding
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Evan Siemann
- Biosciences Department, Rice University, Houston, TX USA
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226
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Paynter Q, Paterson ID, Kwong RM. Predicting non-target impacts. Curr Opin Insect Sci 2020; 38:79-83. [PMID: 32240966 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2020.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Biocontrol of invasive alien weeds has produced great benefits, but concerns over undesirable impacts on non-target plants and/or indirect interactions between biocontrol agents and other biota impede the implementation of biocontrol in some countries. Although great strides have been made, continuing uncertainties predicting the realized host range of candidate agents is probably resulting in some being erroneously rejected due to overestimation of risk. Further refinement of host-range testing protocols is therefore desirable. Indirect interactions are inherently harder to predict, and the risk of both direct and indirect non-target impacts may change over time due to biocontrol agents evolving or expanding their range under climate change. Future research directions to better understand the risk of non-target impacts over time are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Paynter
- Manaaki Whenua - Landcare Research, Private Bag 92170, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Iain D Paterson
- Centre for Biological Control, Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Grahamstown 6140, Eastern Cape, South Africa
| | - Raelene M Kwong
- Agriculture Victoria, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
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227
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Muller-Scharer H, Schaffner U. Editorial overview: Biological control of plant invaders: a continued stimulus and yet untapped potential to link and advance applied and basic research. Curr Opin Insect Sci 2020; 38:v-viii. [PMID: 32327393 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2020.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Heinz Muller-Scharer
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, chemin du Musée 10, Fribourg, CH-1700, Switzerland.
| | - Urs Schaffner
- CABI, chemin des Grillons 1, Delémont, CH-2800, Switzerland
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228
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Ollivier M, Lesieur V, Raghu S, Martin JF. Characterizing ecological interaction networks to support risk assessment in classical biological control of weeds. Curr Opin Insect Sci 2020; 38:40-47. [PMID: 32088650 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2019.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A key element in weed biological control is the selection of a biological control agent that minimizes the risks of non-target attack and indirect effects on the recipient community. Network ecology is a promising approach that could help decipher tritrophic interactions in both the native and the invaded ranges, to complement quarantine-based host-specificity tests and gain insights on potential interactions of biological control agents. This review highlights practical questions addressed by networks, including 1) biological control agent selection, based on specialization indices, 2) risk assessment of biological control agent release into a novel environment, via particular patterns of association such as apparent competition between agent(s) and native herbivore(s), 3) network comparisons through structural metrics, 4) potential of network modelling and 5) limits of network construction methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melodie Ollivier
- CBGP, Montpellier SupAgro, INRAE, CIRAD, IRD, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
| | - Vincent Lesieur
- CBGP, Montpellier SupAgro, INRAE, CIRAD, IRD, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France; CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, European Laboratory, Montferrier sur Lez, 34980, France
| | | | - Jean-François Martin
- CBGP, Montpellier SupAgro, INRAE, CIRAD, IRD, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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229
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Müller-Schärer H, Bouchemousse S, Litto M, McEvoy PB, Roderick GK, Sun Y. How to better predict long-term benefits and risks in weed biocontrol: an evolutionary perspective. Curr Opin Insect Sci 2020; 38:84-91. [PMID: 32240967 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2020.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Classical biological control (also called importation biological control) of weeds has a remarkable track record for efficiency and safety, but further improvement is still needed, particularly to account for potential evolutionary changes after release. Here, we discuss the increasing yet limited evidence of post-introduction evolution and describe approaches to predict evolutionary change. Recent advances include using experimental evolution studies over several generations that combine -omics tools with behavioral bioassays. This novel approach in weed biocontrol is well suited to explore the potential for rapid evolutionary change in real-time and thus can be used to estimate more accurately potential benefits and risks of agents before their importation. We outline this approach with a chrysomelid beetle used to control invasive common ragweed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maria Litto
- Dep. Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Peter B McEvoy
- Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States
| | | | - Yan Sun
- Dep. Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
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230
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Yang L, Dai J, Gao Q, Yuan G, Liu J, Sun Y, Sun Y, Wang L, Qian C, Zhu B, Liu C, Wei G. Characterization of the complete mitochondrial genome of Orthaga olivacea Warre (Lepidoptera Pyralidae) and comparison with other Lepidopteran insects. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227831. [PMID: 32142522 PMCID: PMC7059908 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Orthaga olivacea Warre (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) is an important agricultural pest of camphor trees (Cinnamomum camphora). To further supplement the known genome-level features of related species, the complete mitochondrial genome of Orthaga olivacea is amplified, sequenced, annotated, analyzed, and compared with 58 other species of Lepidopteran. The complete sequence is 15,174 bp, containing 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, 2 ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes, and a putative control region. Base composition is biased toward adenine and thymine (79.02% A+T) and A+T skew are slightly negative. Twelve of the 13 PCGs use typical ATN start codons. The exception is cytochrome oxidase 1 (cox1) that utilizes a CGA initiation codon. Nine PCGs have standard termination codon (TAA); others have incomplete stop codons, a single T or TA nucleotide. All the tRNA genes have the typical clover-leaf secondary structure, except for trnS(AGN), in which dihydrouridine (DHU) arm fails to form a stable stem-loop structure. The A+T-rich region (293 bp) contains a typical Lepidopter motifs 'ATAGA' followed by a 17 bp poly-T stretch, and a microsatellite-like (AT)13 repeat. Codon usage analysis revealed that Asn, Ile, Leu2, Lys, Tyr and Phe were the most frequently used amino acids, while Cys was the least utilized. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that among sequenced lepidopteran mitochondrial genomes, Orthaga olivacea Warre was most closely related to Hypsopygia regina, and confirmed that Orthaga olivacea Warre belongs to the Pyralidae family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangli Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Junjun Dai
- Sericultural Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Qiuping Gao
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Guozhen Yuan
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Jiang Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Yu Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Yuxuan Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Cen Qian
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Baojian Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Chaoliang Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Guoqing Wei
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, P. R. China
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231
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Savić Z, Dudaš T, Loc M, Grahovac M, Budakov D, Jajić I, Krstović S, Barošević T, Krska R, Sulyok M, Stojšin V, Petreš M, Stankov A, Vukotić J, Bagi F. Biological Control of Aflatoxin in Maize Grown in Serbia. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12030162. [PMID: 32150883 PMCID: PMC7150810 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12030162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus flavus is the main producer of aflatoxin B1, one of the most toxic contaminants of food and feed. With global warming, climate conditions have become favourable for aflatoxin contamination of agricultural products in several European countries, including Serbia. The infection of maize with A. flavus, and aflatoxin synthesis can be controlled and reduced by application of a biocontrol product based on non-toxigenic strains of A. flavus. Biological control relies on competition between atoxigenic and toxigenic strains. This is the most commonly used biological control mechanism of aflatoxin contamination in maize in countries where aflatoxins pose a significant threat. Mytoolbox Af01, a native atoxigenic A. flavus strain, was obtained from maize grown in Serbia and used to produce a biocontrol product that was applied in irrigated and non-irrigated Serbian fields during 2016 and 2017. The application of this biocontrol product reduced aflatoxin levels in maize kernels (51–83%). The biocontrol treatment had a highly significant effect of reducing total aflatoxin contamination by 73%. This study showed that aflatoxin contamination control in Serbian maize can be achieved through biological control methods using atoxigenic A. flavus strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zagorka Savić
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (Z.S.); (M.L.); (M.G.); (D.B.); (I.J.); (S.K.); (T.B.); (V.S.); (M.P.); (A.S.); (J.V.); (F.B.)
| | - Tatjana Dudaš
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (Z.S.); (M.L.); (M.G.); (D.B.); (I.J.); (S.K.); (T.B.); (V.S.); (M.P.); (A.S.); (J.V.); (F.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Marta Loc
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (Z.S.); (M.L.); (M.G.); (D.B.); (I.J.); (S.K.); (T.B.); (V.S.); (M.P.); (A.S.); (J.V.); (F.B.)
| | - Mila Grahovac
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (Z.S.); (M.L.); (M.G.); (D.B.); (I.J.); (S.K.); (T.B.); (V.S.); (M.P.); (A.S.); (J.V.); (F.B.)
| | - Dragana Budakov
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (Z.S.); (M.L.); (M.G.); (D.B.); (I.J.); (S.K.); (T.B.); (V.S.); (M.P.); (A.S.); (J.V.); (F.B.)
| | - Igor Jajić
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (Z.S.); (M.L.); (M.G.); (D.B.); (I.J.); (S.K.); (T.B.); (V.S.); (M.P.); (A.S.); (J.V.); (F.B.)
| | - Saša Krstović
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (Z.S.); (M.L.); (M.G.); (D.B.); (I.J.); (S.K.); (T.B.); (V.S.); (M.P.); (A.S.); (J.V.); (F.B.)
| | - Tijana Barošević
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (Z.S.); (M.L.); (M.G.); (D.B.); (I.J.); (S.K.); (T.B.); (V.S.); (M.P.); (A.S.); (J.V.); (F.B.)
| | - Rudolf Krska
- Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, Department IFA-Tulin, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), A-3430 Tulln, Austria; (R.K.); (M.S.)
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queens University Belfast, University Road, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK
| | - Michael Sulyok
- Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, Department IFA-Tulin, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), A-3430 Tulln, Austria; (R.K.); (M.S.)
| | - Vera Stojšin
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (Z.S.); (M.L.); (M.G.); (D.B.); (I.J.); (S.K.); (T.B.); (V.S.); (M.P.); (A.S.); (J.V.); (F.B.)
| | - Mladen Petreš
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (Z.S.); (M.L.); (M.G.); (D.B.); (I.J.); (S.K.); (T.B.); (V.S.); (M.P.); (A.S.); (J.V.); (F.B.)
| | - Aleksandra Stankov
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (Z.S.); (M.L.); (M.G.); (D.B.); (I.J.); (S.K.); (T.B.); (V.S.); (M.P.); (A.S.); (J.V.); (F.B.)
| | - Jelena Vukotić
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (Z.S.); (M.L.); (M.G.); (D.B.); (I.J.); (S.K.); (T.B.); (V.S.); (M.P.); (A.S.); (J.V.); (F.B.)
| | - Ferenc Bagi
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (Z.S.); (M.L.); (M.G.); (D.B.); (I.J.); (S.K.); (T.B.); (V.S.); (M.P.); (A.S.); (J.V.); (F.B.)
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Duarte ADF, de Bastos Pazini J, Duarte JLP, da Silva LR, da Cunha US. Compatibility of pesticides used in strawberry crops with predatory mites Stratiolaelaps scimitus (Womersley) and Cosmolaelaps brevistilis (Karg). Ecotoxicology 2020; 29:148-155. [PMID: 31927677 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-020-02164-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Stratiolaelaps scimitus (Womersley) and Cosmolaelaps brevistilis (Karg) (Acari: Laelapidae) are predatory mites of soil-inhabiting pests, mainly small insects. Fungus gnats fly species are found in greenhouse strawberry production and may be controlled with predatory mites, being important to know their compatibility with the pesticides used in strawberry crops. In this study, the compatibility of seven commercial pesticides used in strawberry cultivation with the predatory mites S. scimitus and C. brevistilis was assessed in laboratory conditions. Survival and oviposition rates were evaluated between 0.5 and 120 h after treatment (HAT). The results demonstrate that lambda-cyhalothrin treatment resulted in the lowest survival rate for both mites in the first evaluations, being moderately harmful, while spinetoran was slightly harmful to C. brevistilis. On the other hand, abamectin, azadirachtin, azoxystrobin + difenoconazole, iprodione and thiamethoxam were harmless for both mites and, oviposition rate was significantly different only at 72 and 120 HAT for S. scimitus and C. brevistilis respectively. These results may be used to develop guidelines for the adoption of selective pesticides in integrated pest management programs that conserves predatory mites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriane da F Duarte
- Departamento de Fitossanidade, Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel (FAEM), Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, 96001-970, Brazil.
| | - Juliano de Bastos Pazini
- Departamento de Fitossanidade, Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel (FAEM), Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, 96001-970, Brazil
| | - Juliano Lessa Pinto Duarte
- Departamento de Fitossanidade, Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel (FAEM), Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, 96001-970, Brazil
| | - Lucas Raphael da Silva
- Departamento de Fitossanidade, Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel (FAEM), Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, 96001-970, Brazil
| | - Uemerson Silva da Cunha
- Departamento de Fitossanidade, Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel (FAEM), Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, 96001-970, Brazil
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233
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Andongma AA, Greig C, Dyson PJ, Flynn N, Whitten MMA. Optimization of dietary RNA interference delivery to western flower thrips Frankliniella occidentalis and onion thrips Thrips tabaci. Arch Insect Biochem Physiol 2020; 103:e21645. [PMID: 31742774 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In insect reverse genetics, dietary delivery of interfering RNAs is a practical approach in nonmodel species, such as thrips, whose small size, and feeding behavior restricts the use of other delivery methods. In a laboratory context, an unsuitable diet could confound the interpretation of an RNA interference (RNAi) phenotype, however well-formulated artificial diets can minimize experimental variability, reduce the need for insect handling, and can further be used for roles, such as delivering double-strand RNA (dsRNA)-expressing recombinant bacteria. In this study, artificial diets for oral delivery of dsRNA were developed for two important pest thrips species, western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) and onion thrips (Thrips tabaci), with the goal of (a) stimulating feeding behavior, (b) supporting optimal growth rates of dsRNA-expressing symbiotic bacteria, and (c) nutritionally supporting the thrips for sufficient periods to observe RNAi phenotypes. The efficacy of artificial diets for ingesting "naked" dsRNA or dsRNA-expressing symbionts and dsRNA delivery via host plant uptake was evaluated. Compared with previously published diet formulations, new combinations based on tryptone, yeast, and soy were superior for enhancing feeding and longevity. However, simply adding "naked" dsRNA to an artificial diet was an unreliable form of RNAi delivery in our hands due to dsRNA degradation. Delivery via host plants was more successful, and the new diet formulation was suitable for symbiont-mediated dsRNA delivery, which we believe is the most convenient approach for large-scale knockdown experiments. This study, therefore, provides alternative methodologies for thrips rearing, dietary RNAi delivery, and insights into the challenges of performing dietary RNAi in nonmodel insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awawing A Andongma
- Applied Molecular Microbiology Group, Swansea University School of Medicine, Institute of Life Sciences, Swansea, UK
| | - Carolyn Greig
- Applied Molecular Microbiology Group, Swansea University School of Medicine, Institute of Life Sciences, Swansea, UK
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Paul J Dyson
- Applied Molecular Microbiology Group, Swansea University School of Medicine, Institute of Life Sciences, Swansea, UK
| | - Natasha Flynn
- Applied Molecular Microbiology Group, Swansea University School of Medicine, Institute of Life Sciences, Swansea, UK
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Miranda M A Whitten
- Applied Molecular Microbiology Group, Swansea University School of Medicine, Institute of Life Sciences, Swansea, UK
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234
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Tsoumani KT, Meccariello A, Mathiopoulos KD, Papathanos PA. Developing CRISPR-based sex-ratio distorters for the genetic control of fruit fly pests: A how to manual. Arch Insect Biochem Physiol 2020; 103:e21652. [PMID: 31845410 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural pest control using genetic-based methods provides a species-specific and environmentally harmless way for population suppression of fruit flies. One way to improve the efficiency of such methods is through self-limiting, female-eliminating approaches that can alter an insect populations' sex ratio toward males. In this microreview, we summarize recent advances in synthetic sex ratio distorters based on X-chromosome shredding that can induce male-biased progeny. We outline the basic principles to guide the efficient design of an X-shredding system in an XY heterogametic fruit fly species of interest using CRISPR/Cas gene editing, newly developed computational tools, and insect genetic engineering. We also discuss technical aspects and challenges associated with the efficient transferability of this technology in fruit fly pest populations, toward the potential use of this new class of genetic control approaches for pest management purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Angela Meccariello
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kostas D Mathiopoulos
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Philippos Aris Papathanos
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
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235
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Clifton EH, Jaronski ST, Hajek AE. Virulence of Commercialized Fungal Entomopathogens Against Asian Longhorned Beetle (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). J Insect Sci 2020; 20:1. [PMID: 32112650 PMCID: PMC7049258 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/ieaa006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Nine strains of five species of entomopathogenic hypocrealean fungi were tested against adults of the Asian longhorned beetle, Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky). These strains have been developed as commercial biopesticide products in the United States, Brazil, South Korea, or the European Union (EU). Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) ESALQ E-9 and Metarhizium brunneum (Petch) F52 (formerly M. anisopliae F52) (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) killed 100% of treated beetles with the shortest survival times. Virulence differed among the five strains of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae) tested, ranging from 0 to 77.3% mortality within 28 d. Two Isaria fumosorosea (Wize, 1904) (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae) (formerly Paecilomyces fumosoroseus) strains and the Lecanicillium muscarium (Petch) Zare & Gams (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae) strain used in Mycotal were not pathogenic to A. glabripennis adults. Within the entomopathogenic fungi tested, the Metarhizium strains may be the most appropriate for further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric H Clifton
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Stefan T Jaronski
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Sidney, MT
| | - Ann E Hajek
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
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Preface. Arch Insect Biochem Physiol 2020; 103:e21656. [PMID: 31950539 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
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237
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Cao B, Shu C, Geng L, Song F, Zhang J. Cry78Ba1, One Novel Crystal Protein from Bacillus thuringiensis with High Insecticidal Activity against Rice Planthopper. J Agric Food Chem 2020; 68:2539-2546. [PMID: 32023056 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b07429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The rice planthopper is a very important hemipteran pest that preys on rice and substantially affects the safety of rice production. Moreover, the long-term prevention and control of these pests with chemical pesticides has led to an increase in the resistance of the rice planthopper as well as serious environmental pollution and food safety problems. Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) has been used for the efficient and green control of a variety of rice pests. Therefore, based on the high-throughput screening of Bt strains that are active against the rice planthopper, we found that Bt strain B4F11 showed certain insecticidal activity against Laodelphax striatellus Fallén, and we have identified a novel insecticidal protein Cry78Ba1 from the Bt strain B4F11, which is expected to provide the specific and safe control of the rice planthopper. The Cry78Ba1 protein is composed of 380 amino acid residues with a molecular weight of 42.55 kDa and contains conserved Ricin_B_Lectin and Toxin_10 superfamily domains. It displays high insecticidal activity against L. striatellus with a lethal concentration (LC50) of 9.723 μg/mL. More importantly, this Toxin_10-like protein does not display sequence homology to any known allergen and can be degraded and inactivated rapidly when heated at 90 °C and in simulated gastrointestinal fluid. In summary, Cry78Ba1 has great potential for applications in the efficient and safe prevention and control of the rice planthopper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100193 , People's Republic of China
| | - Changlong Shu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100193 , People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Geng
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100193 , People's Republic of China
| | - Fuping Song
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100193 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100193 , People's Republic of China
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238
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Penha RO, Vandenberghe LPS, Faulds C, Soccol VT, Soccol CR. Bacillus lipopeptides as powerful pest control agents for a more sustainable and healthy agriculture: recent studies and innovations. Planta 2020; 251:70. [PMID: 32086615 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03357-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Lipopeptides could help to overcome a large concern in agriculture: resistance against chemical pesticides. These molecules have activity against various phytopathogens and a potential to be transformed by genetic engineering. The exponential rise of pest resistances to different chemical pesticides and the global appeal of consumers for a sustainable agriculture and healthy nutrition have led to the search of new solutions for pest control. Furthermore, new laws require a different stance of producers. Based on that, bacteria of the genus Bacillus present a great agricultural potential, producing lipopeptides (LPs) that have high activity against insects, mites, nematodes, and/or phytopathogens that are harmful to plant cultures. Biopesticide activity can be found mainly in three families of Bacillus lipopeptides: surfactin, iturin, and fengycin. These molecules have an amphiphilic nature, interfering with biological membrane structures. Their antimicrobial properties include activity against bacteria, fungi, oomycetes, and viruses. Recent studies also highlight the ability of these compounds to stimulate defense mechanisms of plants and biofilm formation, which is a key factor for the successful colonization of biocontrol organisms. The use of molecular biology has also recently been researched for continuous advances and discoveries of new LPs, avoiding possible future problems of resistance against these molecules. As a consequence of the properties and possibilities of LPs, numerous studies and developments as well as the attention of large companies in the field is expected in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela O Penha
- Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology Department, Federal University of Paraná, Centro Politécnico, CP 19011, Curitiba, PR, 81531-908, Brazil
| | - Luciana P S Vandenberghe
- Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology Department, Federal University of Paraná, Centro Politécnico, CP 19011, Curitiba, PR, 81531-908, Brazil
| | - Craig Faulds
- Aix-Marseille Université, POLYTECH Marseille, UMR 1163 Biotechnologie Des Champignons Filamenteux, 163 Avenue de Luminy, 13288, Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Vanete T Soccol
- Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology Department, Federal University of Paraná, Centro Politécnico, CP 19011, Curitiba, PR, 81531-908, Brazil
| | - Carlos R Soccol
- Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology Department, Federal University of Paraná, Centro Politécnico, CP 19011, Curitiba, PR, 81531-908, Brazil.
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239
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Rolim GDS, Plata-Rueda A, Martínez LC, Ribeiro GT, Serrão JE, Zanuncio JC. Side effects of Bacillus thuringiensis on the parasitoid Palmistichus elaeisis (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2020; 189:109978. [PMID: 31761554 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The endoparasitoid wasp Palmistichus elaeisis Delvare & LaSalle (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) is used to control defoliating lepidopteran pests. Chemical insecticides are not compatible with natural enemies, but bioinsecticides, such as Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bt), have great potential for use in integrated pest management. However, interactions between Bt and P. elaeisis still need to be investigated. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Bt on parental and first-generation P. elaeisis parasitizing Bt-susceptible and -resistant Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). An additional aim was to determine the toxicity of Bt to susceptible third-instar S. frugiperda larvae. Larvae were exposed to lethal concentrations (LC50 and LC90) of Bt and then allowed to be parasitized by P. elaeisis. Parasitoid longevity, immature production, reproductive performance, and behavioral responses were evaluated. Bt repelled P. elaeisis and reduced immature production. Parental and first filial generation parasitoids of both sexes emerged from Bt-treated larvae showed lower survivorship than controls. Parasitoids had poorer reproductive performance in Bt-susceptible and -resistant pupae than in untreated pupae. Palmistichus elaeisis emerged from Bt-susceptible and -resistant S. frugiperda showed altered host-searching behavior and reproductive parameters, which indicates low compatibility between the bioinsecticide agent and the parasitoid wasp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela da Silva Rolim
- Departamento de Fitotecnia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Angelica Plata-Rueda
- Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 38810-000, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Luis Carlos Martínez
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-000, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Genésio Tâmara Ribeiro
- Universidade Federal de Sergipe - Departamento de Ciências Florestais, 49100-000, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - José Eduardo Serrão
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-000, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - José Cola Zanuncio
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-000, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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240
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Ant TH, Herd C, Louis F, Failloux AB, Sinkins SP. Wolbachia transinfections in Culex quinquefasciatus generate cytoplasmic incompatibility. Insect Mol Biol 2020; 29:1-8. [PMID: 31194893 PMCID: PMC7027843 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Culex quinquefasciatus is an important mosquito vector of a number of viral and protozoan pathogens of humans and animals, and naturally carries the endosymbiont Wolbachia pipientis, strain wPip. Wolbachia are used in two distinct vector control strategies: firstly, population suppression caused by mating incompatibilities between mass-released transinfected males and wild females; and secondly, the spread of pathogen transmission-blocking strains through populations. Using embryonic microinjection, two novel Wolbachia transinfections were generated in C. quinquefasciatus using strains native to the mosquito Aedes albopictus: a wAlbB single infection, and a wPip plus wAlbA superinfection. The wAlbB infection showed full bidirectional cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI) with wild-type C. quinquefasciatus in reciprocal crosses. The wPipwAlbA superinfection showed complete unidirectional CI, and therefore population invasion potential. Whereas the wAlbB strain showed comparatively low overall densities, similar to the native wPip, the wPipwAlbA superinfection reached over 400-fold higher densities in the salivary glands compared to the native wPip, suggesting it may be a candidate for pathogen transmission blocking.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. H. Ant
- MRC‐University of Glasgow Centre for Virus ResearchUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
- Biomedical and Life SciencesLancaster UniversityLancasterUK
| | - C. Herd
- MRC‐University of Glasgow Centre for Virus ResearchUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
- Biomedical and Life SciencesLancaster UniversityLancasterUK
| | - F. Louis
- Department of Virology, Arboviruses and Insect VectorsInstitut PasteurParisFrance
| | - A. B. Failloux
- Department of Virology, Arboviruses and Insect VectorsInstitut PasteurParisFrance
| | - S. P. Sinkins
- MRC‐University of Glasgow Centre for Virus ResearchUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
- Biomedical and Life SciencesLancaster UniversityLancasterUK
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241
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Tandingan De Ley I, Schurkman J, Wilen C, Dillman AR. Mortality of the invasive white garden snail Theba pisana exposed to three US isolates of Phasmarhabditis spp (P. hermaphrodita, P. californica, and P. papillosa). PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228244. [PMID: 31995592 PMCID: PMC6988931 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Theba pisana is a serious snail pest in many parts of the world and affects diverse crops including grain, vegetables, grapevines, and ornamental plants and shrubs. Due to its gregarious nature, ability to reproduce rapidly, and the difficulty of controlling it by conventional methods, it has the potential to become a significant pest where introduced. Mitigating this pest is an important challenge that must be addressed. Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita, is a gastropod-killing nematode that is commercially available only in Europe (Nemaslug ®) and Sub-Saharan Africa (Slugtech ® SP). The use of effective gastropod-killing nematodes in the genus Phasmarhabditis (P. hermaphrodita, P. californica and P. papillosa) in California may provide one strategy for alleviating the potential damage and further spread of these snails, which are currently limited to San Diego and Los Angeles counties. Laboratory assays demonstrated for the first time that US isolates of P. hermaphrodita, P. californica and P. papillosa at 150 DJs/cm2 caused significant mortality and are equally lethal to T. pisana. Molluscicidal efficacy of these nematodes are comparable with those of iron phosphate, at the recommended high dose of 4.88 kg/m2. Additional trials are needed to determine their effects at lower dose and whether they are dependent on the size or age of the snails.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irma Tandingan De Ley
- Department of Nematology, University of California, Riverside, California, United States of America
| | - Jacob Schurkman
- Department of Nematology, University of California, Riverside, California, United States of America
| | - Cheryl Wilen
- University of California Cooperative Extension, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Adler R. Dillman
- Department of Nematology, University of California, Riverside, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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242
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Cancino J, Leal-Mubarqui R, Angulo R, Pérez C, Tirado L. Effect of Density and Lethargy Duration in Prerelease Packaging of the Fruit Fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) Parasitoid, Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). J Insect Sci 2020; 20:5760781. [PMID: 32104893 PMCID: PMC7044671 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/ieaa004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Different densities prerelease packing and times of lethargy in the fruit fly parasitoids Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead) were evaluated in order to standardize the process of chilled insect technique for this species. Adults were kept at densities of 0.048, 0.072, 0.096, 0.120, and 0.144 parasitoids/cm2 before release in a México tower, where thermal lethargy was induced at a temperature of 2 ± 2°C for 45 min. Samples of parasitoids were collected to evaluate mortality, survival, fecundity, and flight capacity. All densities showed a similar mortality, both for males (ca. >10%) and females (ca. <7). There was no effect of density on survival and flight capacity in both sexes. On the other hand, fecundity increased with density, 1.66 sons/♀/day, similar to the control. We conclude that a density of 30,000 pupae per cage (0.144 parasitoids/cm2) is adequate for the massive prerelease packaging of the parasitoid D. longicaudata. Regarding the thermal lethargy period, 180 min under 2 ± 2°C conditions, considered as time for management, does not affect the survival, fecundity, and flight capacity of adults. The results obtained are of great utility to establish prerelease packaging parameters for D. longicaudata used in the biological control of Tephritidae fruit fly populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Cancino
- Programa Moscafrut, Metapa de Domínguez, Chiapas, México
| | - Rubén Leal-Mubarqui
- Servicios Mubarqui S. de R. L. de C. V., Cuidad Victoria, Tamaulipas, México
| | - Roberto Angulo
- Servicios Mubarqui S. de R. L. de C. V., Cuidad Victoria, Tamaulipas, México
| | - Cesar Pérez
- Programa Moscafrut, Metapa de Domínguez, Chiapas, México
- Servicios Mubarqui S. de R. L. de C. V., Cuidad Victoria, Tamaulipas, México
| | - Lucy Tirado
- Programa Moscamed, Tapachula, Chiapas, México
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243
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Abstract
Duddingtonia flagrans is a nematode-trapping fungus that has shown promising results as a tool to combat parasitic nematode infections in livestock. The fungus interrupts the parasitic lifecycle by trapping and killing larval stages on pasture to prevent re-infection of animals. One barrier to the fungus' commercial use is scaling up production of the fungus, and specifically of chlamydospores, which survive the digestive tract to grow in fecal pats on pasture, thus have potential as a feed through anthelmintic. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of dehydration on sporulation of the fungus. Disks of Duddingtonia flagrans type strain (ATCC® 13423™) were grown on 17% cornmeal agar for 26 days at 30 °C, then split into three groups; dried quickly at 38 °C and 37% humidity over 48 h ("incubated"), dried more slowly at 24 °C and 55% humidity over 10 days ("air-dried"), or kept at 30 °C and sealed with parafilm to prevent loss of moisture as a control ("wet"). Half of each dried culture was resuspended in water, then heated to liquify and homogenized through vortexing. Spores were then counted in a Neubauer hematocytometer. Both the "air-dried" and "incubated" drying techniques yielded significantly more spores than the "wet" control (Welch's two sample t test p values of .0359 and .0411, respectively). The difference in average chlamydospores per milliliter was insignificant between the two drying techniques, although a visual representation of the data shows less spore count variability in the "air-dried" technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Blair
- College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Delaware, 034 Townsend Hall, Newark, DE, 19716, USA.
| | - Amy Biddle
- College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Delaware, 034 Townsend Hall, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
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Chávez-Ramírez B, Kerber-Díaz JC, Acoltzi-Conde MC, Ibarra JA, Vásquez-Murrieta MS, Estrada-de Los Santos P. Inhibition of Rhizoctonia solani RhCh-14 and Pythium ultimum PyFr-14 by Paenibacillus polymyxa NMA1017 and Burkholderia cenocepacia CACua-24: A proposal for biocontrol of phytopathogenic fungi. Microbiol Res 2020; 230:126347. [PMID: 31586859 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2019.126347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Biocontrol has emerged in recent years as an alternative to pesticides. Given the importance of environmental preservation using biocontrol, in this study two antagonistic bacteria against phytopathogenic fungi were isolated and evaluated. These bacterial strains, identified as Paenibacillus polymyxa NMA1017 and Burkholderia cenocepacia CACua-24, inhibited (70 to 80%) the development of two phytopathogens of economic importance: the fungus Rhizoctonia solani RhCh-14, isolated from chili pepper, and the oomycete Pythium ultimum PyFr-14, isolated from tomato. The spectrum was not limited to the previous pathogens, but also to other phytopathogenic fungus, some bacteria and other oomycetes. Fungi-bacteria microcultures observed with optical and scanning electron microscopy revealed hyphae disintegration and pores formation. The antifungal activity was found also in the supernatant, suggesting a diffusible compound is present. Innocuous tests on tobacco leaves, blood agar, bean seed germination and in Galleria mellonella larvae showed that strain NMA1017 has the potential to be a biocontrol agent. Greenhouse experiments with bean plants inoculated with P. polymyxa exhibited the efficacy to inhibit the growth of R. solani and P. ultimum. Furthermore, P. polymyxa NMA1017 showed plant growth promotion activities, such as siderophore synthesis and nitrogen fixation which can contribute to the crop development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belén Chávez-Ramírez
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Prol. Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Col. Santo Tomas, C.P. 11340, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Jeniffer Chris Kerber-Díaz
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Prol. Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Col. Santo Tomas, C.P. 11340, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Marí Carmen Acoltzi-Conde
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Prol. Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Col. Santo Tomas, C.P. 11340, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - J Antonio Ibarra
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Prol. Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Col. Santo Tomas, C.P. 11340, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - María-Soledad Vásquez-Murrieta
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Prol. Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Col. Santo Tomas, C.P. 11340, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Paulina Estrada-de Los Santos
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Prol. Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Col. Santo Tomas, C.P. 11340, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Nazni WA, Hoffmann AA, NoorAfizah A, Cheong YL, Mancini MV, Golding N, Kamarul GMR, Arif MAK, Thohir H, NurSyamimi H, ZatilAqmar MZ, NurRuqqayah M, NorSyazwani A, Faiz A, Irfan FRMN, Rubaaini S, Nuradila N, Nizam NMN, Irwan SM, Endersby-Harshman NM, White VL, Ant TH, Herd CS, Hasnor AH, AbuBakar R, Hapsah DM, Khadijah K, Kamilan D, Lee SC, Paid YM, Fadzilah K, Topek O, Gill BS, Lee HL, Sinkins SP. Establishment of Wolbachia Strain wAlbB in Malaysian Populations of Aedes aegypti for Dengue Control. Curr Biol 2019. [PMID: 31761702 DOI: 10.1101/775965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Dengue has enormous health impacts globally. A novel approach to decrease dengue incidence involves the introduction of Wolbachia endosymbionts that block dengue virus transmission into populations of the primary vector mosquito, Aedes aegypti. The wMel Wolbachia strain has previously been trialed in open releases of Ae. aegypti; however, the wAlbB strain has been shown to maintain higher density than wMel at high larval rearing temperatures. Releases of Ae. aegypti mosquitoes carrying wAlbB were carried out in 6 diverse sites in greater Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, with high endemic dengue transmission. The strain was successfully established and maintained at very high population frequency at some sites or persisted with additional releases following fluctuations at other sites. Based on passive case monitoring, reduced human dengue incidence was observed in the release sites when compared to control sites. The wAlbB strain of Wolbachia provides a promising option as a tool for dengue control, particularly in very hot climates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wasi A Nazni
- Institute for Medical Research, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Jalan Pahang 50588, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Ary A Hoffmann
- University of Melbourne, Bio21 Institute and the School of BioSciences, 30 Flemington Road, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
| | - Ahmad NoorAfizah
- Institute for Medical Research, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Jalan Pahang 50588, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yoon Ling Cheong
- Institute for Medical Research, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Jalan Pahang 50588, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Maria V Mancini
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, 464 Bearsden Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Nicholas Golding
- University of Melbourne, School of BioSciences, Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Ghazali M R Kamarul
- Institute for Medical Research, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Jalan Pahang 50588, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd A K Arif
- Institute for Medical Research, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Jalan Pahang 50588, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hasim Thohir
- Institute for Medical Research, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Jalan Pahang 50588, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Halim NurSyamimi
- Institute for Medical Research, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Jalan Pahang 50588, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - M Zabari ZatilAqmar
- Institute for Medical Research, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Jalan Pahang 50588, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mazni NurRuqqayah
- Institute for Medical Research, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Jalan Pahang 50588, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Amran NorSyazwani
- Institute for Medical Research, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Jalan Pahang 50588, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Azmi Faiz
- Institute for Medical Research, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Jalan Pahang 50588, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Francis-Rudin M N Irfan
- Institute for Medical Research, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Jalan Pahang 50588, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Subramaniam Rubaaini
- Institute for Medical Research, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Jalan Pahang 50588, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nasir Nuradila
- Institute for Medical Research, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Jalan Pahang 50588, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nasir M N Nizam
- Institute for Medical Research, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Jalan Pahang 50588, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Saidin M Irwan
- Institute for Medical Research, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Jalan Pahang 50588, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nancy M Endersby-Harshman
- University of Melbourne, Bio21 Institute and the School of BioSciences, 30 Flemington Road, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Vanessa L White
- University of Melbourne, Bio21 Institute and the School of BioSciences, 30 Flemington Road, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Thomas H Ant
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, 464 Bearsden Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Christie S Herd
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, 464 Bearsden Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Asim H Hasnor
- Institute for Health Behavioural Research (IPTK), Ministry of Health Malaysia, Jln Rumah Sakit Bangsar 50590, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rahman AbuBakar
- Institute for Health Behavioural Research (IPTK), Ministry of Health Malaysia, Jln Rumah Sakit Bangsar 50590, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Dusa M Hapsah
- Institute for Health Behavioural Research (IPTK), Ministry of Health Malaysia, Jln Rumah Sakit Bangsar 50590, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Khairuddin Khadijah
- Petaling District Health Office, Ministry of Health Malaysia, SS 6, 47301 Petaling Jaya, Selangor Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Denim Kamilan
- Petaling District Health Office, Ministry of Health Malaysia, SS 6, 47301 Petaling Jaya, Selangor Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Soo Cheng Lee
- Petaling District Health Office, Ministry of Health Malaysia, SS 6, 47301 Petaling Jaya, Selangor Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yusof M Paid
- Petaling District Health Office, Ministry of Health Malaysia, SS 6, 47301 Petaling Jaya, Selangor Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kamaludin Fadzilah
- Institute for Medical Research, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Jalan Pahang 50588, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Omar Topek
- Vector Borne Disease Control Section, Disease Control Division, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Complex E, Block E10, Persiaran Sultan Sallahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah, Presint 1, 62000 Putrajaya, Malaysia
| | - Balvinder S Gill
- Institute for Medical Research, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Jalan Pahang 50588, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Han Lim Lee
- Institute for Medical Research, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Jalan Pahang 50588, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Steven P Sinkins
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, 464 Bearsden Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK.
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246
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Erasmus R, Pieters R, Du Plessis H, Hilbeck A, Trtikova M, Erasmus A, Van den Berg J. Introgression of a cry1Ab transgene into open pollinated maize and its effect on Cry protein concentration and target pest survival. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0226476. [PMID: 31841532 PMCID: PMC6914330 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In Africa, the target pests of genetically modified Bt maize are lepidopteran stem borers, notably Busseola fusca (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Gene flow between Bt maize hybrids and open pollinated varieties (OPVs) that do not contain the Bt trait is highly likely in areas where both types of maize are cultivated. Consequently, introgression of the cry1Ab transgene into local OPVs will result in unknown patterns of Cry1Ab protein expression in plants during follow-up seasons when recycled seed of OPVs is planted. Too low concentrations of Cry protein in such plants may result in selection for resistant alleles and accelerate resistance evolution. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of introgression of the cry1Ab transgene into an OPV, on Cry protein concentration levels and pest survival. Bt transgene introgression was done by crossing a transgenic donor hybrid containing the cry1Ab gene with a non-Bt OPV as well as with a non-Bt near-isogenic hybrid. F1 and F2 crosses as well as back crosses were done yielding 11 genotypes (treatments). Cry1Ab protein concentrations in leaf tissue of these crosses were determined by means of ELISAs. All crosses that contained the transgene had similar or higher Cry1Ab concentrations when compared to the Bt parental hybrid, except for the Bt x OPV F1-cross that had a significantly lower Cry1Ab concentration. Survival B. fusca larvae were evaluated in assays in which larvae were reared for 14 days on whorl leaf tissue of the different treatments. Larval survival did not differ between any of the maize plant treatments which contained the Bt gene. Results suggest that Bt transgene introgression into OPVs may produce plant progenies that express Cry1Ab protein at sufficient concentrations, at last up to the F2 seed, to control B. fusca larvae. Resistance evolution is however not only influenced by the frequency of pest individuals that survive exposure to the Cry proteins but also by factors such as genetics of the pest and recipient OPV, pest biology and migration behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reynardt Erasmus
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Rialet Pieters
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Hannalene Du Plessis
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | | | - Miluse Trtikova
- ETH Zurich, IBZ, Plant Ecological Genetics, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Johnnie Van den Berg
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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247
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Nazni WA, Hoffmann AA, NoorAfizah A, Cheong YL, Mancini MV, Golding N, Kamarul GMR, Arif MAK, Thohir H, NurSyamimi H, ZatilAqmar MZ, NurRuqqayah M, NorSyazwani A, Faiz A, Irfan FRMN, Rubaaini S, Nuradila N, Nizam NMN, Irwan SM, Endersby-Harshman NM, White VL, Ant TH, Herd CS, Hasnor AH, AbuBakar R, Hapsah DM, Khadijah K, Kamilan D, Lee SC, Paid YM, Fadzilah K, Topek O, Gill BS, Lee HL, Sinkins SP. Establishment of Wolbachia Strain wAlbB in Malaysian Populations of Aedes aegypti for Dengue Control. Curr Biol 2019; 29:4241-4248.e5. [PMID: 31761702 PMCID: PMC6926472 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2019.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Dengue has enormous health impacts globally. A novel approach to decrease dengue incidence involves the introduction of Wolbachia endosymbionts that block dengue virus transmission into populations of the primary vector mosquito, Aedes aegypti. The wMel Wolbachia strain has previously been trialed in open releases of Ae. aegypti; however, the wAlbB strain has been shown to maintain higher density than wMel at high larval rearing temperatures. Releases of Ae. aegypti mosquitoes carrying wAlbB were carried out in 6 diverse sites in greater Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, with high endemic dengue transmission. The strain was successfully established and maintained at very high population frequency at some sites or persisted with additional releases following fluctuations at other sites. Based on passive case monitoring, reduced human dengue incidence was observed in the release sites when compared to control sites. The wAlbB strain of Wolbachia provides a promising option as a tool for dengue control, particularly in very hot climates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wasi A Nazni
- Institute for Medical Research, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Jalan Pahang 50588, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Ary A Hoffmann
- University of Melbourne, Bio21 Institute and the School of BioSciences, 30 Flemington Road, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
| | - Ahmad NoorAfizah
- Institute for Medical Research, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Jalan Pahang 50588, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yoon Ling Cheong
- Institute for Medical Research, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Jalan Pahang 50588, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Maria V Mancini
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, 464 Bearsden Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Nicholas Golding
- University of Melbourne, School of BioSciences, Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Ghazali M R Kamarul
- Institute for Medical Research, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Jalan Pahang 50588, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd A K Arif
- Institute for Medical Research, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Jalan Pahang 50588, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hasim Thohir
- Institute for Medical Research, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Jalan Pahang 50588, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Halim NurSyamimi
- Institute for Medical Research, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Jalan Pahang 50588, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - M Zabari ZatilAqmar
- Institute for Medical Research, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Jalan Pahang 50588, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mazni NurRuqqayah
- Institute for Medical Research, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Jalan Pahang 50588, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Amran NorSyazwani
- Institute for Medical Research, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Jalan Pahang 50588, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Azmi Faiz
- Institute for Medical Research, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Jalan Pahang 50588, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Francis-Rudin M N Irfan
- Institute for Medical Research, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Jalan Pahang 50588, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Subramaniam Rubaaini
- Institute for Medical Research, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Jalan Pahang 50588, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nasir Nuradila
- Institute for Medical Research, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Jalan Pahang 50588, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nasir M N Nizam
- Institute for Medical Research, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Jalan Pahang 50588, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Saidin M Irwan
- Institute for Medical Research, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Jalan Pahang 50588, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nancy M Endersby-Harshman
- University of Melbourne, Bio21 Institute and the School of BioSciences, 30 Flemington Road, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Vanessa L White
- University of Melbourne, Bio21 Institute and the School of BioSciences, 30 Flemington Road, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Thomas H Ant
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, 464 Bearsden Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Christie S Herd
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, 464 Bearsden Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Asim H Hasnor
- Institute for Health Behavioural Research (IPTK), Ministry of Health Malaysia, Jln Rumah Sakit Bangsar 50590, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rahman AbuBakar
- Institute for Health Behavioural Research (IPTK), Ministry of Health Malaysia, Jln Rumah Sakit Bangsar 50590, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Dusa M Hapsah
- Institute for Health Behavioural Research (IPTK), Ministry of Health Malaysia, Jln Rumah Sakit Bangsar 50590, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Khairuddin Khadijah
- Petaling District Health Office, Ministry of Health Malaysia, SS 6, 47301 Petaling Jaya, Selangor Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Denim Kamilan
- Petaling District Health Office, Ministry of Health Malaysia, SS 6, 47301 Petaling Jaya, Selangor Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Soo Cheng Lee
- Petaling District Health Office, Ministry of Health Malaysia, SS 6, 47301 Petaling Jaya, Selangor Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yusof M Paid
- Petaling District Health Office, Ministry of Health Malaysia, SS 6, 47301 Petaling Jaya, Selangor Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kamaludin Fadzilah
- Institute for Medical Research, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Jalan Pahang 50588, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Omar Topek
- Vector Borne Disease Control Section, Disease Control Division, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Complex E, Block E10, Persiaran Sultan Sallahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah, Presint 1, 62000 Putrajaya, Malaysia
| | - Balvinder S Gill
- Institute for Medical Research, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Jalan Pahang 50588, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Han Lim Lee
- Institute for Medical Research, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Jalan Pahang 50588, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Steven P Sinkins
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, 464 Bearsden Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK.
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248
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El Sheikha AF. Tracing insect pests: is there new potential in molecular techniques? Insect Mol Biol 2019; 28:759-772. [PMID: 31125162 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Insects are amongst the greatest pests of agriculture, horticulture and forestry worldwide, inflicting damage and economic costs both directly and by transmitting plant viruses. Many kinds of insects are now resistant or cross-resistant to pesticides. Tracking studies have become very important for combatting insect pests and for better understanding their biology (eg insect population dynamics, movements, feeding behaviour and other ecological interactions). A wide variety of tracing approaches have been used including discriminative, tracer and molecular methods. The perfect technique for insect tracking is the technique that harmonizes with insects' 'normal' biology. Furthermore, the technique should be environmentally safe, cost-effective and easy to use. This paper reviews the current techniques used for insect traceability, documents the advantages and drawbacks of each method, and puts special focus on molecular techniques, including PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis as a new and promising traceability tool that could provide insects with a unique biological barcode and thus make it possible to trace their movements.
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Affiliation(s)
- A F El Sheikha
- College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- Bioengineering and Technological Research Centre for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Fungal Resources, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Minufiya University, Shibin El Kom, Minufiya Government, Egypt
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249
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Benelli M, Ponton F, Lallu U, Mitchell KA, Taylor PW. Cool storage of Queensland fruit fly pupae for improved management of mass production schedules. Pest Manag Sci 2019; 75:3184-3192. [PMID: 30950173 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cool storage is a valuable means of manipulating insect development time. The Queensland fruit fly (Q-fly) is Australia's most economically significant pest of fruit crops. The present study investigates cool storage of Q-fly pupae for increasing production flexibility for sterile insect technique programs. Development time, survival and fly quality were assessed following continuous storage of 1-day-old pupae at temperatures ranging from 13 to 25 °C. RESULTS Survival was reduced almost to zero by pupal storage at 13 and 15 °C, was greatly reduced by storage at 17 °C, and was modestly reduced by storage at 19 °C. Pupal development time was extended by 16 days at 17 °C and by 9 days at 19 °C. Cool storage negatively affected flight ability and depleted lipid reserves. Cool storage at 19 °C enhanced the ability of 3-day-old adults to recover from chill-coma compared to control flies, indicating cold acclimation. CONCLUSION There is potential for use of cool storage in Q-fly mass rearing, especially to improve alignment between production and field releases. For the purpose of delaying the development time of Q-fly pupae with minimal quality reduction, storage at 23 °C is recommended for 1-day-old pupae. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Benelli
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Fleur Ponton
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Urvashi Lallu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Phillip W Taylor
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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250
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Abagli AZ, Alavo TBC. Biocontrol of Culex quinquefasciatus using the insect parasitic nematode, Romanomermis iyengari (Nematoda: Mermithidae). Trop Biomed 2019; 36:1003-1013. [PMID: 33597470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cx. quinquefasciatus is a common nuisance mosquito widely distributed in tropical and subtropical areas. This mosquito is also a vector of urban filariasis. Control with chemicals has been hampered by the development of resistance against chemical insecticides and rising problems of environmental contamination associated with them. Therefore, it is important to adopt more integrated mosquito management approaches that include sustainable, non chemical solutions. The mermithid nematode Romanomermis iyengari is one of several natural control alternatives to synthetic pesticides for mosquito suppression. This study evaluated the effectiveness of the nematode R. iyengari for control of Cx. quinquefasciatus. The nematode R. iyengari was mass-produced, and pre-parasitics (J2) were used for laboratory and field experiments. In laboratory experiments, two concentrations of pre-parasitics (5 and 10 J2 per larva) were tested against L1, L2 and L3 instars larvae of Cx. quinquefasciatus. Infected larvae were observed daily to determine their mortality rate and the number of postparasitic nematodes emerging from dead larvae. In field experiments, 1000, 2000 and 3000 J2/m2 were sprayed in separate natural Cx. quinquefasciatus breeding sites. After treatment, the larval mosquito density in the breeding sites was assessed every 5 days. Laboratory results showed that all tested Cx. quinquefasciatus instars larvae were susceptible to nematode infection. The mortality rates observed for each larval stage indicated that the concentration of 10 J2 kills larvae faster, and that the L1 larvae died earlier than older larvae. The average number of post-parasitic nematodes emerging per larva increases with increasing nematode concentration; also more post-parasitic nematodes emerged from the L2 larvae. Field data showed that, in breeding site treated with 3000 J2 per square meter, larval mosquito reduction reached 97% after nematode application. The dosage of 1000 J2 per square meter did not reduce the larval density. The insect parasitic nematode R. iyengari could be easily used as component of integrated mosquitoes control program in lymphatic filariasis endemic countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Z Abagli
- Laboratoire d'Entomologie Appliquée / Centre Edward Platzer, Université d'Abomey-Calavi, BP: 215, Godomey, Benin
| | - T B C Alavo
- Laboratoire d'Entomologie Appliquée / Centre Edward Platzer, Université d'Abomey-Calavi, BP: 215, Godomey, Benin
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