1
|
Gayathri SL, Bhakat M, Mohanty TK. Thermographic assessment of mastitis progression in sahiwal cattle: Insights into the patterns in the natural course of infection. Microb Pathog 2024; 196:106964. [PMID: 39313135 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 09/15/2024] [Accepted: 09/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
Mastitis is a global concern in the dairy sector, demanding innovative solutions for effective management for quality lifetime milk production. In this study, infrared thermography (IRT) as a non-invasive technology was integrated into routine farm activities for continuous health monitoring of animals. For 30 days, we systematically monitored the udder health status in 40 Sahiwal cows (160 quarters), employing IRT along with the California Mastitis Test (CMT). We also assessed somatic cell count (SCC), microbial identification, and milk quality parameters of representative samples. The thermal imaging data was analyzed, considering both backward propagation from the 0th day to the -10th day and forward propagation from the 0th day to the +10th day. Our findings revealed that on the 0th day, the mean temperatures of the udder surface skin temperature (USST) and teat skin surface temperature (TSST) exhibited differences (p < 0.05) between the quarters affected by sub-clinical mastitis (SCM) and clinical mastitis (CM) in comparison to the healthy quarters, with the highest degree of difference observed. The observed temperature differences between CM and SCM quarters compared to healthy ranged from 1.8 to 3.62 °C and 0.98 to 3.23 °C for USST, and from 1.68 to 3.16 °C and 0.56 to 2.32 °C for TSST, respectively. Furthermore, our observations indicated that both udder and teat quarters responded differently to mastitis. A temperature rise of 1.37 °C in SCM quarters and 1.75 °C in CM quarters was observed between the -10th and -8th day relative to day 0, with the increase being more pronounced in the morning hours. Also, a notable temperature surge occurred during the -2nd and -1st days relative to the 0th day. The log10SCC values and milk quality parameters significantly differed (p < 0.05) between mastitis-affected and healthy samples. In addition, Staphylococcus spp. was identified as the predominant mastitis-causing pathogen in the bacteriological identification conducted in this study. Therefore, IRT efficiently assesses the initiation point of udder infection in Sahiwal cows, aiding in effective udder health management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S L Gayathri
- Livestock Production Management Division, ICAR- National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana-132001, India.
| | - M Bhakat
- Livestock Production Management Division, ICAR- National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana-132001, India.
| | - T K Mohanty
- Livestock Production Management Division, ICAR- National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana-132001, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kathpalia M, Mishra P, Majid A, Khan MA, Sharma A, Bhurani D, Nidhi. Attenuated adiponectin, omentin, increased interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels with altered cognition and depression in non-Hodgkin lymphoma patients: A case-control study. J Neuroimmunol 2024; 392:578372. [PMID: 38788317 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2024.578372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Immune dysfunction is one of the risk factors which plays an important role in the development of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), and inflammation may be involved in its etiology. Minimal data is available on the effect of cytokine levels on neurobehavioral function in lymphoma before the initiation of chemotherapy. Therefore, we aimed to explore the risk of NHL by assessment of cytokine and adipokine levels and their correlation with neurobehavioral changes. METHODS This case-control study enrolled 62 subjects (age-sex matched: 31 cases and 31 controls). Neurobehavioral assessment was done using Montreal Cognitive Assessment questionnaire (MoCA) and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). EORTC Core Quality of Life questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30) was used to assess quality of life. Questionnaire assessment and sample collection were done after the patient enrolment and before first cycle of chemotherapy. RESULTS Mean age of NHL patients and healthy controls was 51.9 ± 11.8 and 50 ± 10.9 years, respectively. NHL patients showed significantly higher levels of IL-6 (0.77 ± 0.11) and TNF- α (1.47 ± 1.31) than controls (0.55 ± 0.4 and 0.66 ± 0.89, respectively) with p-value<0.005. Also, NHL patients showed significantly lower levels of adiponectin (0.31 ± 0.24) and omentin (0.46 ± 0.1) than controls (0.42 ± 0.13 and 0.53 ± 0.11, respectively) with p-value<0.005. Lower MoCA and EORTC QLQ C-30 scores and higher PHQ-9 scores were observed in NHL patients in comparison to healthy control. CONCLUSION Our results showed that adiponectin, omentin IL-6 and TNF-α may be used as pre-diagnostic markers of NHL risk. Neurobehavioral changes observed in NHL patients may alter the quality of life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meghavi Kathpalia
- Department of Translational and Clinical Research, School of Chemical & Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Pinki Mishra
- Department of Translational and Clinical Research, School of Chemical & Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Afsha Majid
- Department of Translational and Clinical Research, School of Chemical & Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohd Ashif Khan
- Department of Translational and Clinical Research, School of Chemical & Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Anurag Sharma
- Department of Statistics, Ram Lal Anand College, University of Delhi, India
| | - Dinesh Bhurani
- Department of Haemato-oncology and BMT, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, New Delhi, India
| | - Nidhi
- Department of Translational and Clinical Research, School of Chemical & Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Piotti P, Pierantoni L, Albertini M, Pirrone F. Inflammation and Behavior Changes in Dogs and Cats. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2024; 54:1-16. [PMID: 37722946 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2023.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Sickness is a normal response to infections or stress triggered by proinflammatory cytokines that drive local and systemic inflammatory responses. Proinflammatory cytokines act on the brain causing the so called "sickness behavior,"which is thought to improve recovery but can become maladaptive in the long term. Chronic inflammation characterizes many diseases and there is some evidence that dogs and cats experience age-associated increases in inflammation, a condition named "inflammaging." A complex and multifactorial relationship exists between these inflammatory mechanisms, pain, and psychological illness that may complicate veterinary diagnosis and affect the outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Piotti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Via dell'Università, 6, Lodi 26900, Italy
| | - Ludovica Pierantoni
- Veterinary Behaviour & Consulting Services at CAN Training Centre, Via Camaldolilli, 79, Naples 80128, Italy
| | - Mariangela Albertini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Via dell'Università, 6, Lodi 26900, Italy.
| | - Federica Pirrone
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Via dell'Università, 6, Lodi 26900, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li D, Hu D, Ochi Y, Arakaki W, Mawatari A, Shigeta M, Wu Y, Hayashinaka E, Neyama H, Tahara T, Wada Y, Li F, Doi H, Watanabe Y, Cui Y. Regional neuroinflammation induced by peripheral infection contributes to fatigue-like symptoms: a [ 18F]DPA-714 positron emission tomography study in rats. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1261256. [PMID: 38022622 PMCID: PMC10665845 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1261256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction A series of symptoms, including fever, widespread pain, fatigue, and even ageusia, have frequently been reported in the context of various infections, such as COVID-19. Although the pathogenic mechanisms underlying an infection causing fever and pain have been well established, the mechanisms of fatigue induced by infection in specific brain regions remain unclear. Methods To elucidate whether and how the peripheral infection cause fatigue via regional neuroinflammation, we performed a brain-wide investigation of neuroinflammation in a peripheral pseudoinfection rat model using [18F]DPA-714 positron emission tomography (PET) imaging analysis, in which the polyriboinosinic: polyribocytidylic acid (poly I:C) was intraperitoneally injected. Results Transient fever lasting for several hours and subsequent suppression of spontaneous activity lasting a few days were induced by poly I:C treatment. Significant increase in plasma interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α were observed at 2 and 4 h following poly I:C treatment. PET imaging analysis revealed that the brain uptake of [18F]DPA-714 was significantly increased in several brain regions one day after poly I:C treatment, such as the dorsal raphe (DR), parvicellular part of red nucleus (RPC), A5 and A7 noradrenergic nucleus, compared with the control group. The accumulation of [18F]DPA-714 in the DR, RPC and A5 was positively correlated with subsequent fatigue-like behavior, and that in the A7 tended to positively correlate with fever. Discussion These findings suggest that peripheral infection may trigger regional neuroinflammation, which may cause specific symptoms such as fatigue. A similar mechanism might be involved in COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danxi Li
- Laboratory for Biofunction Dynamics Imaging, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan
- Department of Chinese Medicine Diagnostics, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Institute for Brain Disorders, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Di Hu
- Laboratory for Biofunction Dynamics Imaging, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yuta Ochi
- Laboratory for Biofunction Dynamics Imaging, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan
| | - Wakiko Arakaki
- Laboratory for Labeling Chemistry, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan
| | - Aya Mawatari
- Laboratory for Labeling Chemistry, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan
| | - Mika Shigeta
- Laboratory for Biofunction Dynamics Imaging, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yuping Wu
- Laboratory for Biofunction Dynamics Imaging, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan
| | - Emi Hayashinaka
- Laboratory for Pathophysiological and Health Science, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Neyama
- Laboratory for Biofunction Dynamics Imaging, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Tahara
- Laboratory for Biofunction Dynamics Imaging, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Wada
- Laboratory for Pathophysiological and Health Science, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Chinese Medicine Diagnostics, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hisashi Doi
- Laboratory for Labeling Chemistry, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yasuyoshi Watanabe
- Laboratory for Pathophysiological and Health Science, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yilong Cui
- Laboratory for Biofunction Dynamics Imaging, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Dehdar K, Raoufy MR. Brain structural and functional alterations related to anxiety in allergic asthma. Brain Res Bull 2023; 202:110727. [PMID: 37562517 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2023.110727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Psychiatric disorders are common in patients with allergic asthma, and they can have a significant impact on their quality of life and disease control. Recent studies have suggested that there may be potential immune-brain communication mechanisms in asthma, which can activate inflammatory responses in different brain areas, leading to structural and functional alterations and behavioral changes. However, the precise mechanisms underlying these alterations remain unclear. In this paper, we comprehensively review the relevant research on asthma-induced brain structural and functional alterations that lead to the initiation and promotion of anxiety. We summarize the possible pathways for peripheral inflammation to affect the brain's structure and function. Our review highlights the importance of addressing neuropsychiatric disorders in the clinical guidelines of asthma, to improve the quality of life of these patients. We suggest that a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying psychiatric comorbidities in asthma could lead to the development of more effective treatments for these patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kolsoum Dehdar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Raoufy
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Jia S, Yang H, Huang F, Fan W. Systemic inflammation, neuroinflammation and perioperative neurocognitive disorders. Inflamm Res 2023; 72:1895-1907. [PMID: 37688642 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-023-01792-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Perioperative neurocognitive disorder (PND) is a common disorder following anesthesia and surgery, especially in the elderly. The complex cellular and molecular processes are involved in PND, but the underlying pathogenesis of which remains inconclusive due to conflicting data. A growing body of evidence has been shown that perioperative systemic inflammation plays important roles in the development of PND. We reviewed the relevant literature retrieved by a search in the PubMed database (on July 20, 2023). The search terms used were "delirium", "post operative cognitive dysfunction", "perioperative neurocognitive disorder", "inflammation" and "systemic", alone and in combination. All articles identified were English-language, full-text papers. The ones cited in the review are those that make a substantial contribution to the knowledge about systemic inflammation and PNDs. The aim of this review is to bring together the latest evidence for the understanding of how perioperative systemic inflammation mediates neuroinflammation and brain injury, how the inflammation is regulated and how we can translate these findings into prevention and/or treatment for PND.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shilin Jia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74 Zhongshan Rd 2, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenguo Fan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74 Zhongshan Rd 2, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Passaglia P, Silva HB, de Jesus AA, Filho MAM, Trajano IP, Batalhão ME, Navegantes LCC, Branco LGS, Cárnio EC. Angiotensin-(1-7) improves tail skin heat loss and increases the survival of rats with polymicrobial sepsis. Peptides 2023; 167:171042. [PMID: 37315714 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2023.171042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis is a serious syndrome, characterized by the excessive release of inflammatory mediators and thermoregulatory changes, being fever the most common sign. However, despite the importance of Angiotensin (Ang)-(1-7) in controlling the inflammation, the role of the peptide in the febrile response and mortality in animals submitted to experimental model of sepsis is still not clear. In this way, we evaluate the effect of continuous infusion of Ang-(1-7) in inflammatory response, thermoregulation and in mortality of Wistar male rats submitted to colonic ligation puncture (CLP). Before CLP surgery, the infusion pumps (Ang-(1-7), 1.5mg/mL or saline) were inserted into the abdominal cavity and maintained for 24hours. CLP rats showed a febrile response starting from 3h after and persisted until the 24th hour of experiment. Continuous treatment with Ang-(1-7) attenuated the febrile response and reestablished the euthermia 11h after CLP, until the end of experiment, which coincided with an increased heat loss index (HLI). This effect was associated with a decrease in production of pro-inflammatory mediators in liver, white adipose tissue (WAT) and hypothalamus. Moreover, an increase in norepinephrine (NE) content in interscapular brown adipose tissue (iBAT) was observed in CLP animals, which was attenuated with treatment with Ang-(1-7), and decreased mortality in CLP animals treated with Ang-(1-7). Taken together, the present study demonstrates that continuous infusion treatment with Ang-(1-7) can promote a global anti-inflammatory effect, reestablishing the tail skin heat loss as a key thermo-effector function, resulting in an increased survival of animals submitted to experimental sepsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Passaglia
- Department of Oral and Basic Biology Ribeirão Preto, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto - University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Hadder Batista Silva
- Department of General Nursing, School of Nursing of Ribeirão Preto - University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Aline Alves de Jesus
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School - University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Marco Antonio Marangão Filho
- Department of General Nursing, School of Nursing of Ribeirão Preto - University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Isis Paiva Trajano
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School - University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Eduardo Batalhão
- Department of General Nursing, School of Nursing of Ribeirão Preto - University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Luiz Guilherme Siqueira Branco
- Department of Oral and Basic Biology Ribeirão Preto, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto - University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School - University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Evelin Capellari Cárnio
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School - University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Department of General Nursing, School of Nursing of Ribeirão Preto - University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Xu Y, Wen K, Liu A, Wang X, Xu H, Wen H. Efficacy of curculigoside in protecting against ischemic brain injury through regulation of oxidative stress and NF-κB and PI3K/Akt expression. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 301:115804. [PMID: 36228892 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The ancient Chinese medicine book "Huangdi Neijing" reports that "the brain is the sea of marrow" and that the kidney "mainly induces bones to produce marrow". Therefore, Chinese medicine has a "kidney-brain axis" theory, but supporting evidence is lacking. In this study, curculigoside, the main component of the kidney-tonifying drug Rhizoma Curculiginis, was used to explore whether a kidney-tonifying drug could regulate the pathological state of the brain. AIM OF THE STUDY To explore the efficacy of curculigoside in protecting against ischemic brain injury (IBI) through the regulation of oxidative stress and NF-κB and PI3K/Akt expression. MATERIALS AND METHODS Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was used to induce IBI in rats, and curculigoside was administered. The degree of IBI, morphological changes and severity of nerve injury (using neurological severity scores; NSSs) in the rats were assessed. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry were used to evaluate changes in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA), TNF-α, IL-1β, catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), nitric oxide synthase (NOS), NF-κB, PI3K and Akt levels. RESULTS Curculigoside significantly alleviated behavioral deficits and reduced the degree of cerebral ischemia in the rats. After curculigoside treatment, the levels of H2O2, NO, MDA, NOS, iNOS, TNF-α, IL-1β, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and NF-κB in the ischemic area of the brain were significantly reduced. The activities of CAT, SOD, PI3K and Akt were significantly increased. CONCLUSION Curculigoside is a potentially effective drug for the treatment of IBI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, China; School of Pediatrics, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, China
| | - Kuo Wen
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, China
| | - Aijun Liu
- Hongcheng Community Health Service Center, Nanguan District, Changchun, Jilin, 130028, China
| | - Xinna Wang
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, China
| | - Hanying Xu
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, China
| | - Hongjuan Wen
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Donegan JJ, Nemeroff CB. Suicide and Inflammation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1411:379-404. [PMID: 36949319 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-7376-5_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Suicide is a leading cause of death worldwide. Although the neurobiological dysfunction underlying suicidal behavior remains unclear, recent work suggests that the immune system may play a role in the pathophysiology of suicide. In this chapter, we discuss a nascent body of literature suggesting that peripheral and central nervous systems (CNS) inflammation are associated with suicidal behavior. Because early-life stress is a major risk factor for suicidal behavior and is also associated with immune dysregulation, we hypothesize that such immune dysregulation may be the mechanism by which childhood maltreatment leads to an increased risk of suicidal behavior and suicide. Targeting inflammatory processes may be a novel treatment strategy, especially in populations that have experienced childhood trauma and exhibit elevated inflammation. Future work should directly test the hypothesis that reducing inflammation would result in a reduction in suicidal behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer J Donegan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Dell Medical School, Austin, TX, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, Dell Medical School, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Charles B Nemeroff
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Dell Medical School, Austin, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Galan D, Perry BI, Warrier V, Davidson CC, Stupart O, Easton D, Khandaker GM, Murray GK. Applying Mendelian randomization to appraise causality in relationships between smoking, depression and inflammation. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15041. [PMID: 36057695 PMCID: PMC9440889 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19214-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Smoking, inflammation and depression commonly co-occur and may be mechanistically linked. However, key questions remain around the direction of association and the influence of residual confounding. We aimed to characterize the association between lifetime smoking and depression, as well as to assess the role that genetically-predicted C-reactive protein (CRP) level, (an archetypal generalized inflammatory marker) and/or IL-6 activity, as a potential explanation for this association. We performed inverse variance weighted Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses using recently published summary-level GWAS data for lifetime smoking index, CRP levels, and depression. A subset of inflammatory-related genetic variants from the lifetime smoking GWAS were also used to assess the potential inflammatory causal pathways between smoking and depression. The analysis indicated reciprocal relationships of lifetime smoking with depression (ORSmk-Dep = 2.01, 95% CI 1.71-2.37, p < 0.001; ORDep-Smk = 1.09, 95% CI 1.06-1.13, p < 0.001), CRP levels and IL-6 activity (ORSmk-CRP = 1.40, 95% CI 1.21-1.55, p < 0.001; ORCRP-Smk = 1.03, 95% CI 1.02-1.05, p < 0.001, ORIL-6/CRP-Smk = 1.06 (1.03-1.09), p < 0.001). These associations were also supported by the majority of the robust MR methods performed. We did not find evidence for a reciprocal relationship between CRP levels (using > 500 genetic instruments for CRP) and depression (ORCRP-Dep = 1.01, 95% CI 0.99-1.04; ORDep-CRP = 1.03, 95% CI 0.99-1.07). We observed little variation in the IVW estimates between smoking and depression when we limited the genetic variants assessed to those related to measures of generalized inflammation, but we found evidence for an attenuation of the smoking-depression association in multivariable mendelian randomization when adjusting for IL-6 activity, suggesting that the IL-6 pathway may be at least in part responsible for the association of smoking and depression. Our study supports potential bidirectional causal associations between lifetime smoking and depression which may be at least in part explained by the IL-6 signalling pathway. The IL-6 pathway may represent a putative therapeutic target for smoking and to mitigate the effects of smoking on depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Galan
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - B I Perry
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - V Warrier
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - C C Davidson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - O Stupart
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - D Easton
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - G M Khandaker
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Centre for Academic Mental Health, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Avon and Wiltshire Mental Health Partnership NHS Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - G K Murray
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK.
- Program in Complex Trait Genomics, Institute of Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Khan MA, Bhurani D, Hoda U, Sehar N, Agarwal N. Cognitive impairment and elevated peripheral cytokines in breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA 2022; 80:786-793. [PMID: 36252586 PMCID: PMC9703892 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1755234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anthracyclines-based regimen (5-fluorouracil, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide (FAC); cyclophosphamide, epirubicin, and 5-fluorouracil [CEF]) and non-anthracycline based regimens (cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and 5-fluorouracil [CMF]) are widely used as neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer patients. OBJECTIVE The present study was conducted to observe the effects of FAC, CEF, and CMF regimen on cognition and circulatory proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin 6 [IL-6] and interleukin 1β [IL-1β]) for the duration of three cycles of chemotherapy in breast cancer patients. METHODS Eighty newly diagnosed HER-2 negative breast cancer patients were enrolled and divided into 3 groups as FAC- (n = 27), CEF- (n = 26), and CMF- (n = 27) receiving patients. Serum IL-6 and IL-1β levels were measured by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and cognition was assessed using the Mini-Mental State examination (MMSE) questionnaire. RESULTS Anthracycline-based regimen was found to increase the levels of IL-6, IL-1β, and decreased MMSE scores compared with CMF regimen (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Anthracycline-based regimen caused comparatively higher peripheral inflammation, which could be the reason for more decline in cognition in anthracycline-receiving patients than non-anthracycline group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Ashif Khan
- Jamia Hamdard, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Centre for Translational and Clinical Research, New Delhi, India,Jamia Hamdard, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Department of Pharmaceutical Medicine, New Delhi, India
| | - Dinesh Bhurani
- Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute & Research Centre, Department of Hemato-Oncology & Bone Marrow Transplantation, Rohini, New Delhi, India
| | - Ubedul Hoda
- Jamia Hamdard, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Department of Pharmacology, New Delhi, India
| | - Nouroz Sehar
- Jamia Hamdard, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, New Delhi, India
| | - Nidhi Agarwal
- Jamia Hamdard, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Centre for Translational and Clinical Research, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Mota CM, Madden CJ. Neural circuits mediating circulating interleukin-1β-evoked fever in the absence of prostaglandin E2 production. Brain Behav Immun 2022; 103:109-121. [PMID: 35429606 PMCID: PMC9524517 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2022.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases and inflammatory conditions recruit the immune system to mount an appropriate acute response that includes the production of cytokines. Cytokines evoke neurally-mediated responses to fight pathogens, such as the recruitment of thermoeffectors, thereby increasing body temperature and leading to fever. Studies suggest that the cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β) depends upon cyclooxygenase (COX)-mediated prostaglandin E2 production for the induction of neural mechanisms to elicit fever. However, COX inhibitors do not eliminate IL-1β-induced fever, thus suggesting that COX-dependent and COX-independent mechanisms are recruited for increasing body temperature after peripheral administration of IL-1β. In the present study, we aimed to build a foundation for the neural circuit(s) controlling COX-independent, inflammatory fever by determining the involvement of brain areas that are critical for controlling the sympathetic outflow to brown adipose tissue (BAT) and the cutaneous vasculature. In anesthetized rats, pretreatment with indomethacin, a non-selective COX inhibitor, did not prevent BAT thermogenesis or cutaneous vasoconstriction (CVC) induced by intravenous IL-1β (2 µg/kg). BAT and cutaneous vasculature sympathetic premotor neurons in the rostral raphe pallidus area (rRPa) are required for IL-1β-evoked BAT thermogenesis and CVC, with or without pretreatment with indomethacin. Additionally, activation of glutamate receptors in the dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH) is required for COX-independent, IL-1β-induced BAT thermogenesis. Therefore, our data suggests that COX-independent mechanisms elicit activation of neurons within the DMH and rRPa, which is sufficient to trigger and mount inflammatory fever. These data provide a foundation for elucidating the brain circuits responsible for COX-independent, IL-1β-elicited fevers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Christopher J. Madden
- Corresponding author at: Dept. of Neurological Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, United States. (C.J. Madden)
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Moyse E, Krantic S, Djellouli N, Roger S, Angoulvant D, Debacq C, Leroy V, Fougere B, Aidoud A. Neuroinflammation: A Possible Link Between Chronic Vascular Disorders and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:827263. [PMID: 35663580 PMCID: PMC9161208 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.827263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Various age-related diseases involve systemic inflammation, i.e. a stereotyped series of acute immune system responses, and aging itself is commonly associated with low-grade inflammation or inflamm’aging. Neuroinflammation is defined as inflammation-like processes inside the central nervous system, which this review discusses as a possible link between cardiovascular disease-related chronic inflammation and neurodegenerative diseases. To this aim, neuroinflammation mechanisms are first summarized, encompassing the cellular effectors and the molecular mediators. A comparative survey of the best-known physiological contexts of neuroinflammation (neurodegenerative diseases and transient ischemia) reveals some common features such as microglia activation. The recently published transcriptomic characterizations of microglia have pointed a marker core signature among neurodegenerative diseases, but also unraveled the discrepancies with neuroinflammations related with acute diseases of vascular origin. We next review the links between systemic inflammation and neuroinflammation, beginning with molecular features of respective pro-inflammatory cells, i.e. macrophages and microglia. Finally, we point out a gap of knowledge concerning the atherosclerosis-related neuroinflammation, which is for the most surprising given that atherosclerosis is established as a major risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Moyse
- University of Tours, EA4245, Transplantation, Immunologie, Inflammation, Tours, France
| | - Slavica Krantic
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Immune System and Neuroinflammation Laboratory, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Inserm U938, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Nesrine Djellouli
- University of Tours, EA4245, Transplantation, Immunologie, Inflammation, Tours, France
| | - Sébastien Roger
- University of Tours, EA4245, Transplantation, Immunologie, Inflammation, Tours, France
| | - Denis Angoulvant
- University of Tours, EA4245, Transplantation, Immunologie, Inflammation, Tours, France
- Department of Cardiology, Tours University Hospital, Tours, France
| | - Camille Debacq
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Tours University Hospital, Tours, France
| | - Victoire Leroy
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Tours University Hospital, Tours, France
- University of Tours, EA7505, Education, Ethics, Health, Tours, France
| | - Bertrand Fougere
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Tours University Hospital, Tours, France
- University of Tours, EA7505, Education, Ethics, Health, Tours, France
- *Correspondence: Bertrand Fougere,
| | - Amal Aidoud
- University of Tours, EA4245, Transplantation, Immunologie, Inflammation, Tours, France
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Tours University Hospital, Tours, France
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
McIntosh RC, Lobo J, Paparozzi J, Goodman Z, Kornfeld S, Nomi J. Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio is a transdiagnostic biomarker of depression and structural and functional brain alterations in older adults. J Neuroimmunol 2022; 365:577831. [PMID: 35217366 PMCID: PMC11092564 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2022.577831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (N:L) is an emergent transdiagnostic biomarker shown to predict peripheral inflammation as well as neuropsychiatric impairment. The afferent signaling of inflammation to the central nervous system has been implicated in the pathophysiology of sickness behavior and depression. Here, the N:L was compared to structural and functional limbic alterations found concomitant with depression within a geriatric cohort. Venous blood was collected for a complete blood count, and magnetic resonance imaging as well as phenotypic data were collected from the 66 community-dwelling older adults (aged 65-86 years). The N:L was regressed on gray matter volume and resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) of the subgenual anterior cingulate (sgACC). Thresholded parameter estimates were extracted from structural and functional brain scans and bivariate associations tested with scores on the geriatric depression scale. Greater N:L predicted lower volume of hypothalamus and rsFC of sgACC with ventromedial prefrontal cortex. Both parameters were correlated (p < 0.05) with greater symptomology in those reporting moderate to severe levels of depression. These findings support the N:L as a transdiagnostic biomarker of limbic alteration underpinning mood disturbance in non-treated older adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roger C McIntosh
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124, United States of America.
| | - Judith Lobo
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124, United States of America
| | - Jeremy Paparozzi
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124, United States of America
| | - Zach Goodman
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124, United States of America
| | - Salome Kornfeld
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124, United States of America
| | - Jason Nomi
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Lange U, Dischereit G, Klemm PM. Schmerzreduktion durch physikalische Medizin. Z Rheumatol 2022; 81:376-385. [DOI: 10.1007/s00393-022-01182-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
16
|
Cytokines in the Brain and Neuroinflammation: We Didn’t Starve the Fire! Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15020140. [PMID: 35215252 PMCID: PMC8878213 DOI: 10.3390/ph15020140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In spite of the brain-protecting tissues of the skull, meninges, and blood-brain barrier, some forms of injury to or infection of the CNS can give rise to cerebral cytokine production and action and result in drastic changes in brain function and behavior. Interestingly, peripheral infection-induced systemic inflammation can also be accompanied by increased cerebral cytokine production. Furthermore, it has been recently proposed that some forms of psychological stress may have similar CNS effects. Different conditions of cerebral cytokine production and action will be reviewed here against the background of neuroinflammation. Within this context, it is important to both deepen our understanding along already taken paths as well as to explore new ways in which neural functioning can be modified by cytokines. This, in turn, should enable us to put forward different modes of cerebral cytokine production and action in relation to distinct forms of neuroinflammation.
Collapse
|
17
|
Li W, Cao F, Takase H, Arai K, Lo EH, Lok J. Blood-Brain Barrier Mechanisms in Stroke and Trauma. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2022; 273:267-293. [PMID: 33580391 DOI: 10.1007/164_2020_426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The brain microenvironment is tightly regulated. The blood-brain barrier (BBB), which is composed of cerebral endothelial cells, astrocytes, and pericytes, plays an important role in maintaining the brain homeostasis by regulating the transport of both beneficial and detrimental substances between circulating blood and brain parenchyma. After brain injury and disease, BBB tightness becomes dysregulated, thus leading to inflammation and secondary brain damage. In this chapter, we overview the fundamental mechanisms of BBB damage and repair after stroke and traumatic brain injury (TBI). Understanding these mechanisms may lead to therapeutic opportunities for brain injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenlu Li
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fang Cao
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hajime Takase
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ken Arai
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eng H Lo
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Josephine Lok
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Woodburn SC, Bollinger JL, Wohleb ES. The semantics of microglia activation: neuroinflammation, homeostasis, and stress. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:258. [PMID: 34742308 PMCID: PMC8571840 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02309-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 78.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglia are emerging as critical regulators of neuronal function and behavior in nearly every area of neuroscience. Initial reports focused on classical immune functions of microglia in pathological contexts, however, immunological concepts from these studies have been applied to describe neuro-immune interactions in the absence of disease, injury, or infection. Indeed, terms such as 'microglia activation' or 'neuroinflammation' are used ubiquitously to describe changes in neuro-immune function in disparate contexts; particularly in stress research, where these terms prompt undue comparisons to pathological conditions. This creates a barrier for investigators new to neuro-immunology and ultimately hinders our understanding of stress effects on microglia. As more studies seek to understand the role of microglia in neurobiology and behavior, it is increasingly important to develop standard methods to study and define microglial phenotype and function. In this review, we summarize primary research on the role of microglia in pathological and physiological contexts. Further, we propose a framework to better describe changes in microglia1 phenotype and function in chronic stress. This approach will enable more precise characterization of microglia in different contexts, which should facilitate development of microglia-directed therapeutics in psychiatric and neurological disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel C Woodburn
- Department of Pharmacology & Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Justin L Bollinger
- Department of Pharmacology & Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Eric S Wohleb
- Department of Pharmacology & Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Brain Perivascular Macrophages Do Not Mediate Interleukin-1-Induced Sickness Behavior in Rats. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14101030. [PMID: 34681254 PMCID: PMC8541198 DOI: 10.3390/ph14101030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Sickness behavior, characterized by on overall reduction in behavioral activity, is commonly observed after bacterial infection. Sickness behavior can also be induced by the peripheral administration of Gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), a pro-inflammatory cytokine released by LPS-activated macrophages. In addition to the microglia, the brain contains perivascular macrophages, which express the IL-1 type 1 receptor (IL-1R1). In the present study, we assessed the role of brain perivascular macrophages in mediating IL-1β-induced sickness behavior in rats. To do so, we used intracerebroventricular (icv) administration of an IL-1β-saporin conjugate, known to eliminate IL-R1-expressing brain cells, prior to systemic or central IL-1β injection. Icv IL-1β-saporin administration resulted in a reduction in brain perivascular macrophages, without altering subsequent icv or ip IL-1β-induced reductions in food intake, locomotor activity, and social interactions. In conclusion, the present work shows that icv IL-1β-saporin administration is an efficient way to target brain perivascular macrophages, and to determine whether these cells are involved in IL-1β-induced sickness behavior.
Collapse
|
20
|
Sjöström EO, Culot M, Leickt L, Åstrand M, Nordling E, Gosselet F, Kaiser C. Transport study of interleukin-1 inhibitors using a human in vitro model of the blood-brain barrier. Brain Behav Immun Health 2021; 16:100307. [PMID: 34589799 PMCID: PMC8474601 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2021.100307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The proinflammatory cytokine Interleukin-1 (IL-1), with its two isoforms α and β, has important roles in multiple pathogenic processes in the central nervous system. The present study aimed to evaluate and compare the blood-to-brain distribution of anakinra (IL-1 receptor antagonist), bermekimab (IL-1α antagonist) and canakinumab (IL-1β antagonist). A human in vitro model of the blood-brain barrier derived from human umbilical cord blood stem cells was used, where isolated CD34+ cells co-cultured with bovine pericytes were matured into polarized brain-like endothelial cells. Transport rates of the three test items were evaluated after 180 min incubation at concentrations 50, 250 and 1250 nM in a transwell system. We report herein that anakinra passes the human brain-like endothelial monolayer at a 4-7-fold higher rate than the monoclonal antibodies tested. Both antibodies had similar transport rates at all concentrations. No dose-dependent effects in transport rates were observed, nor any saturation effects at supraphysiological concentrations. The larger propensity of anakinra to pass this model of the human blood-brain barrier supports existing data and confirms that anakinra can reach the brain compartment at clinically relevant concentrations. As anakinra inhibits the actions of both IL-1α and IL-1β, it blocks all effects of IL-1 downstream signaling. The results herein further add to the growing body of evidence of the potential utility of anakinra to treat neuroinflammatory disorders. Anakinra has a larger propensity to pass the in vitro BBB than monoclonal antibodies targeting the IL-1 system. Implications for targeting inflammation in cerebral ischemia and neurological sequelae of autoinflammatory diseases. Novel and comparative study of biologics in a human in vitro BBB model shows relevance and validity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Maxime Culot
- Univ. Artois, UR 2465, Laboratoire de la Barrière Hémato-Encéphalique (LBHE), F-62300, Lens, France
| | - Lisa Leickt
- Swedish Orphan Biovitrum AB (publ), SE-112 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikael Åstrand
- Swedish Orphan Biovitrum AB (publ), SE-112 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erik Nordling
- Swedish Orphan Biovitrum AB (publ), SE-112 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fabien Gosselet
- Univ. Artois, UR 2465, Laboratoire de la Barrière Hémato-Encéphalique (LBHE), F-62300, Lens, France
| | - Christina Kaiser
- Swedish Orphan Biovitrum AB (publ), SE-112 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ghannoum MA, Ford M, Bonomo RA, Gamal A, McCormick TS. A Microbiome-Driven Approach to Combating Depression During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Nutr 2021; 8:672390. [PMID: 34504858 PMCID: PMC8421528 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.672390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The significant stressors brought about and exacerbated by COVID-19 are associated with startling surges in mental health illnesses, specifically those related to depressive disorders. Given the huge impact of depression on society, and an incomplete understanding of impactful therapeutics, we have examined the current literature surrounding the microbiome and gut-brain axis to advance a potential complementary approach to address depression and depressive disorders that have increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. While we understand that the impact of the human gut microbiome on emotional health is a newly emerging field and more research needs to be conducted, the current evidence is extremely promising and suggests at least part of the answer to understanding depression in more depth may lie within the microbiome. As a result of these findings, we propose that a microbiome-based holistic approach, which involves carefully annotating the microbiome and potential modification through diet, probiotics, and lifestyle changes, may address depression. This paper's primary purpose is to shed light on the link between the gut microbiome and depression, including the gut-brain axis and propose a holistic approach to microbiome modification, with the ultimate goal of assisting individuals to manage their battle with depression through diet, probiotics, and lifestyle changes, in addition to offering a semblance of hope during these challenging times.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud A. Ghannoum
- Integrated Microbiome Core, Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
- BIOHM Health LLC, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | | | - Robert A. Bonomo
- Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Ahmed Gamal
- Integrated Microbiome Core, Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Thomas S. McCormick
- Integrated Microbiome Core, Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Mogensen FLH, Delle C, Nedergaard M. The Glymphatic System (En)during Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7491. [PMID: 34299111 PMCID: PMC8305763 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The glymphatic system is a fluid-transport system that accesses all regions of the brain. It facilitates the exchange of cerebrospinal fluid and interstitial fluid and clears waste from the metabolically active brain. Astrocytic endfeet and their dense expression of the aquaporin-4 water channels promote fluid exchange between the perivascular spaces and the neuropil. Cerebrospinal and interstitial fluids are together transported back to the vascular compartment by meningeal and cervical lymphatic vessels. Multiple lines of work show that neurological diseases in general impair glymphatic fluid transport. Insofar as the glymphatic system plays a pseudo-lymphatic role in the central nervous system, it is poised to play a role in neuroinflammation. In this review, we discuss how the association of the glymphatic system with the meningeal lymphatic vessel calls for a renewal of established concepts on the CNS as an immune-privileged site. We also discuss potential approaches to target the glymphatic system to combat neuroinflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frida Lind-Holm Mogensen
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (F.L.-H.M.); (C.D.)
| | - Christine Delle
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (F.L.-H.M.); (C.D.)
| | - Maiken Nedergaard
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (F.L.-H.M.); (C.D.)
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Barbosa-Silva MC, Lima MN, Battaglini D, Robba C, Pelosi P, Rocco PRM, Maron-Gutierrez T. Infectious disease-associated encephalopathies. Crit Care 2021; 25:236. [PMID: 34229735 PMCID: PMC8259088 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-021-03659-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases may affect brain function and cause encephalopathy even when the pathogen does not directly infect the central nervous system, known as infectious disease-associated encephalopathy. The systemic inflammatory process may result in neuroinflammation, with glial cell activation and increased levels of cytokines, reduced neurotrophic factors, blood-brain barrier dysfunction, neurotransmitter metabolism imbalances, and neurotoxicity, and behavioral and cognitive impairments often occur in the late course. Even though infectious disease-associated encephalopathies may cause devastating neurologic and cognitive deficits, the concept of infectious disease-associated encephalopathies is still under-investigated; knowledge of the underlying mechanisms, which may be distinct from those of encephalopathies of non-infectious cause, is still limited. In this review, we focus on the pathophysiology of encephalopathies associated with peripheral (sepsis, malaria, influenza, and COVID-19), emerging therapeutic strategies, and the role of neuroinflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria C Barbosa-Silva
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Fiocruz, Av. Brasil, 4365, Pavilhão 108, sala 45, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Maiara N Lima
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Fiocruz, Av. Brasil, 4365, Pavilhão 108, sala 45, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Denise Battaglini
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience, Genoa, Italy
| | - Chiara Robba
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Paolo Pelosi
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Patricia R M Rocco
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Rio de Janeiro Network on Neuroinflammation, Carlos Chagas Filho Foundation for Supporting Research in the State of Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Maron-Gutierrez
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Fiocruz, Av. Brasil, 4365, Pavilhão 108, sala 45, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-360, Brazil.
- Rio de Janeiro Network on Neuroinflammation, Carlos Chagas Filho Foundation for Supporting Research in the State of Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Bodnar CN, Watson JB, Higgins EK, Quan N, Bachstetter AD. Inflammatory Regulation of CNS Barriers After Traumatic Brain Injury: A Tale Directed by Interleukin-1. Front Immunol 2021; 12:688254. [PMID: 34093593 PMCID: PMC8176952 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.688254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Several barriers separate the central nervous system (CNS) from the rest of the body. These barriers are essential for regulating the movement of fluid, ions, molecules, and immune cells into and out of the brain parenchyma. Each CNS barrier is unique and highly dynamic. Endothelial cells, epithelial cells, pericytes, astrocytes, and other cellular constituents each have intricate functions that are essential to sustain the brain's health. Along with damaging neurons, a traumatic brain injury (TBI) also directly insults the CNS barrier-forming cells. Disruption to the barriers first occurs by physical damage to the cells, called the primary injury. Subsequently, during the secondary injury cascade, a further array of molecular and biochemical changes occurs at the barriers. These changes are focused on rebuilding and remodeling, as well as movement of immune cells and waste into and out of the brain. Secondary injury cascades further damage the CNS barriers. Inflammation is central to healthy remodeling of CNS barriers. However, inflammation, as a secondary pathology, also plays a role in the chronic disruption of the barriers' functions after TBI. The goal of this paper is to review the different barriers of the brain, including (1) the blood-brain barrier, (2) the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier, (3) the meningeal barrier, (4) the blood-retina barrier, and (5) the brain-lesion border. We then detail the changes at these barriers due to both primary and secondary injury following TBI and indicate areas open for future research and discoveries. Finally, we describe the unique function of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1 as a central actor in the inflammatory regulation of CNS barrier function and dysfunction after a TBI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Colleen N. Bodnar
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - James B. Watson
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Emma K. Higgins
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Ning Quan
- Department of Biomedical Science, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine and Brain Institute, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, United States
| | - Adam D. Bachstetter
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Zhang B, Wang Y, Zhao Z, Han B, Yang J, Sun Y, Zhang B, Zang Y, Guan H. Temperature Plays an Essential Regulatory Role in the Tumor Immune Microenvironment. J Biomed Nanotechnol 2021; 17:169-195. [PMID: 33785090 DOI: 10.1166/jbn.2021.3030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, emerging immunotherapy has been included in various malignant tumor treatment standards. Temperature has been considered to affect different pathophysiological reactions such as inflammation and cancer for a long time. However, in tumor immunology research, temperature is still rarely considered a significant variable. In this review, we discuss the effects of room temperature, body temperature, and the local tumor temperature on the tumor immune microenvironment from multiple levels and perspectives, and we discuss changes in the body's local and whole-body temperature under tumor conditions. We analyze the current use of ablation treatment-the reason for the opposite immune effect. We should pay more attention to the therapeutic potential of temperature and create a better antitumor microenvironment that can be combined with immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhang
- Marine Drug and Food Institute, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, 266100, China
| | - Youpeng Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, China
| | - Ziyin Zhao
- Organ Transplantation Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, China
| | - Bing Han
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, China
| | - Jinbo Yang
- Marine Drug and Food Institute, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, 266100, China
| | - Yang Sun
- Marine Drug and Food Institute, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, 266100, China
| | - Bingyuan Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, China
| | - Yunjin Zang
- Organ Transplantation Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, China
| | - Huashi Guan
- Marine Drug and Food Institute, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, 266100, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Ma LL, Liu HM, Luo CH, He YN, Wang F, Huang HZ, Han L, Yang M, Xu RC, Zhang DK. Fever and Antipyretic Supported by Traditional Chinese Medicine: A Multi-Pathway Regulation. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:583279. [PMID: 33828481 PMCID: PMC8020597 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.583279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease, 2019 (COVID-19), has spread rapidly around the world and become a major public health problem facing the world. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been fully committed to treat COVID-19 in China. It improved the clinical symptoms of patients and reduced the mortality rate. In light of the fever was identified as one of leading clinical features of COVID-19, this paper will first analyze the material basis of fever, including pyrogenic cytokines and a variety of the mediators of fever. Then the humoral and neural pathways of fever signal transmission will be described. The scattered evidences about fever recorded in recent years are connected in series. On this basis, the understanding of fever is further deepened from the aspects of pathology and physiology. Finally, combining with the chemical composition and pharmacological action of available TCM, we analyzed the mechanisms of TCMs to play the antipyretic effect through multiple ways. So as to further provide the basis for the research of antipyretic compound preparations of TCMs and explore the potential medicines for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Le-Le Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Hui-Min Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Chuan-Hong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Ya-Nan He
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Fang Wang
- State key Laboratory of Innovation Medicine and High Efficiency and Energy Saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, PR China
| | - Hao-Zhou Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Li Han
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Ming Yang
- State key Laboratory of Innovation Medicine and High Efficiency and Energy Saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, PR China
| | - Run-Chun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Ding-Kun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Steinbusch HWM, Dolatkhah MA, Hopkins DA. Anatomical and neurochemical organization of the serotonergic system in the mammalian brain and in particular the involvement of the dorsal raphe nucleus in relation to neurological diseases. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2021; 261:41-81. [PMID: 33785137 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2021.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The brainstem is a neglected brain area in neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, frontotemporal lobar degeneration and autonomic dysfunction. In Depression, several observations have been made in relation to changes in one particular the Dorsal Raphe Nucleus (DRN) which also points toward as key area in various age-related and neurodevelopmental diseases. The DRN is further thought to be related to stress regulated processes and cognitive events. It is involved in neurodegeneration, e.g., amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and impaired synaptic transmission in Alzheimer's disease as shown in our autopsy findings. The DRN is a phylogenetically old brain area, with projections that reach out to a large number of regions and nuclei of the central nervous system, particularly in the forebrain. These ascending projections contain multiple neurotransmitters. One of the main reasons for the past and current interest in the DRN is its involvement in depression, and its main transmitter serotonin. The DRN also points toward the increased importance and focus of the brainstem as key area in various age-related and neurodevelopmental diseases. This review describes the morphology, ascending projections and the complex neurotransmitter nature of the DRN, stressing its role as a key research target into the neural bases of depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harry W M Steinbusch
- Department of Cellular Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology-DGIST, Daegu, South Korea.
| | | | - David A Hopkins
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Shimada A, Hasegawa-Ishii S. Increased cytokine expression in the choroid plexus stroma and epithelium in response to endotoxin-induced systemic inflammation in mice. Toxicol Rep 2021; 8:520-528. [PMID: 33747797 PMCID: PMC7973137 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain response to systemic inflammation is initiated by IL-1β from choroid plexus macrophages. Choroid plexus stromal cells bear IL-1 receptors and participate in the immediate reaction to systemic inflammation. This reaction is followed by elevated gene expression of various cytokines in the choroid plexus stroma and epithelium. The choroid plexus immediate responses are relevant to understanding how sepsis-associated encephalopathy is initiated.
Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is characterized as diffuse brain dysfunction in patients with excessive systemic inflammatory reaction to an infection. In our previous studies using a mouse model of SAE with intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), tissue concentrations of various cytokines were elevated in the entire brain parenchyma 4 and 24 h following LPS administration. Cytokines elevated at 4 h were produced by the choroid plexus, leptomeninges and vascular endothelium, while those at 24 h were produced by astrocytes. Interleukin (IL)-1β did not increase in the concentration in the brain parenchyma during the period from 1 to 24 h following LPS. In the present study, we hypothesized that the intracranial cells that initially respond to systemic inflammation are situated in the choroid plexus and produce IL-1β to initiate cytokine-mediated reactions. We quantified the transcript levels of related cytokines within the choroid plexus and specified the choroid plexus cells that are involved in the immediate cytokine-mediated responses. Mice received LPS or saline by intraperitoneal injection. Four hours after treatments, the choroid plexuses were isolated and subjected to cytokine gene expression analyses using real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Another group of mice was fixed at 1, 4 and 24 h after treatments and the expression of cytokines and receptors was studied with double immunohistofluorescence staining. The transcript levels of IL-1β, CC-motif ligand (CCL)2, CXC-motif ligand (CXCL)1, CXCL2 and IL-6 in the choroid plexus were significantly increased in mice treated with LPS compared to saline control. The IL-1β expression was remarkable in choroid plexus macrophages at 1 and 4 h but not in the brain parenchyma. Choroid plexus stromal cells expressed IL-1 receptor type 1 (IL-1R1). The IL-1R1-bearing stromal cells produced CCL2, CXCL1, CXCL2 and IL-6 at 4 h. Choroid plexus epithelial cells expressed CXCR2, a common receptor for CXCL1 and CXCL2. Choroid plexus epithelial cells also expressed CCL2, CXCL1 and CXCL2 at 4 h, and IL-1R1-bearing stromal cells expressed CXCR2. Therefore, in response to systemic LPS injection, one of the intracranial reactions was initiated within the choroid plexus using IL-1β derived from macrophages. The choroid plexus stromal cells subsequently had elevated expression of CCL2, CXCL1, CXCL2 and IL-6. The choroid plexus epithelial cells also had elevated expression of CCL2, CXCL1 and CXCL2. The presence of receptors for these cytokines on both epithelial and stromal cells raised the possibility of reciprocal interactions between these cells. The results suggested that the immediate early responses exerted by the choroid plexus are relevant to understanding how SAE is initiated in clinical settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atsuyoshi Shimada
- Pathology Research Team, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kyorin University, 5-4-1 Shimorenjaku, Mitaka, Tokyo, 181-8612, Japan
| | - Sanae Hasegawa-Ishii
- Pathology Research Team, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kyorin University, 5-4-1 Shimorenjaku, Mitaka, Tokyo, 181-8612, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Di Bella D, Ferreira JPS, Silva RDNO, Echem C, Milan A, Akamine EH, Carvalho MH, Rodrigues SF. Gold nanoparticles reduce inflammation in cerebral microvessels of mice with sepsis. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:52. [PMID: 33608025 PMCID: PMC7893894 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-00796-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sepsis is an emergency medical condition that can lead to death and it is defined as a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by immune dysregulation in response to an infection. It is considered the main killer in intensive care units. Sepsis associated-encephalopathy (SAE) is mostly caused by a sepsis-induced systemic inflammatory response. Studies report SAE in 14–63% of septic patients. Main SAE symptoms are not specific and usually include acute impairment of consciousness, delirium and/or coma, along with electroencephalogram (EEG) changes. For those who recover from sepsis and SAE, impaired cognitive function, mobility and quality of life are often observed months to years after hospital discharge, and there is no treatment available today to prevent that. Inflammation and oxidative stress are key players for the SAE pathophysiology. Gold nanoparticles have been demonstrated to own important anti-inflammatory properties. It was also reported 20 nm citrate-covered gold nanoparticles (cit-AuNP) reduce oxidative stress. In this context, we tested whether 20 nm cit-AuNP could alleviate the acute changes caused by sepsis in brain of mice, with focus on inflammation. Sepsis was induced in female C57BL/6 mice by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), 20 nm cit-AuNP or saline were intravenously (IV) injected 2 h after induction of sepsis and experiments performed 6 h after induction. Intravital microscopy was used for leukocyte and platelet adhesion study in brain, blood brain barrier (BBB) permeability carried out by Evans blue assay, cytokines measured by ELISA and real time PCR, cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry, and transcription factors, by western blotting. Results 20 nm cit-AuNP treatment reduced leukocyte and platelet adhesion to cerebral blood vessels, prevented BBB failure, reduced TNF- concentration in brain, and ICAM-1 expression both in circulating polymorphonuclear (PMN) leukocytes and cerebral blood vessels of mice with sepsis. Furthermore, 20 nm cit-AuNP did not interfere with the antibiotic effect on the survival rate of mice with sepsis. Conclusions Cit-AuNP showed important anti-inflammatory properties in the brain of mice with sepsis, being a potential candidate to be used as adjuvant drug along with antibiotics in the treatment of sepsis to avoid SAE ![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Davide Di Bella
- Laboratory of Hypertension, Diabetes and Vascular Biology, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1524, ICB I, sala 205, 2º andar, Butanta, 05508-900, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - João P S Ferreira
- Laboratory of Hypertension, Diabetes and Vascular Biology, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1524, ICB I, sala 205, 2º andar, Butanta, 05508-900, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renee de Nazare O Silva
- Laboratory of Hypertension, Diabetes and Vascular Biology, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1524, ICB I, sala 205, 2º andar, Butanta, 05508-900, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cinthya Echem
- Laboratory of Hypertension, Diabetes and Vascular Biology, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1524, ICB I, sala 205, 2º andar, Butanta, 05508-900, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aline Milan
- Laboratory of Hypertension, Diabetes and Vascular Biology, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1524, ICB I, sala 205, 2º andar, Butanta, 05508-900, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eliana H Akamine
- Laboratory of Hypertension, Diabetes and Vascular Biology, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1524, ICB I, sala 205, 2º andar, Butanta, 05508-900, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria H Carvalho
- Laboratory of Hypertension, Diabetes and Vascular Biology, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1524, ICB I, sala 205, 2º andar, Butanta, 05508-900, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Stephen F Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Hypertension, Diabetes and Vascular Biology, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1524, ICB I, sala 205, 2º andar, Butanta, 05508-900, Sao Paulo, Brazil. .,Laboratory of Vascular Nanopharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1524, ICB I, sala 319, 3º andar, Butanta, 05508-900, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Machairiotis N, Vasilakaki S, Thomakos N. Inflammatory Mediators and Pain in Endometriosis: A Systematic Review. Biomedicines 2021; 9:54. [PMID: 33435569 PMCID: PMC7826862 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9010054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND pain is one of the main symptoms of endometriosis and it has a deleterious effect on a patients' personal and social life. To date, the clinical management of pain includes prolonged medication use and, in some cases, surgery, both of which are disruptive events for patients. Hence, there is an urgency for the development of a sufficient non-invasive medical treatment. Inflammation is one of the causative factors of pain in endometriosis. It is well established that inflammatory mediators promote angiogenesis and interact with the sensory neurons inducing the pain signal; the threshold of pain varies and it depends on the state and location of the disease. The inhibition of inflammatory mediators' synthesis might offer a novel and effective treatment of the pain that is caused by inflammation in endometriosis. OBJECTIVES patients with endometriosis experience chronic pelvic pain, which is moderate to severe in terms of intensity. The objective of this systematic review is to highlight the inflammatory mediators that contribute to the induction of pain in endometriosis and present their biological mechanism of action. In addition, the authors aim to identify new targets for the development of novel treatments for chronic pelvic pain in patients with endometriosis. DATA SOURCES three databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Europe PMC) were searched in order to retrieve articles with the keywords 'inflammation, pain, and endometriosis' between the review period of 1 January 2016 to 31 December 2020. This review has been registered with PROSPERO (registry number: CRD42020171018). Eligibility Criteria: only original articles that presented the regulation of inflammatory mediators and related biological molecules in endometriosis and their contribution in the stimulation of pain signal were included. DATA EXTRACTION two authors independently extracted data from articles, using predefined criteria. RESULTS the database search yielded 1871 articles, which were narrowed down to 56 relevant articles of interest according to the eligibility criteria. CONCLUSIONS inflammatory factors that promote angiogenesis and neuroangiogenesis are promising targets for the treatment of inflammatory pain in endometriosis. Specifically, CXC chemokine family, chemokine fractalkine, and PGE2 have an active role in the induction of pain. Additionally, IL-1β appears to be the primary interleukin (IL), which stimulates the majority of the inflammatory factors that contribute to neuroangiogenesis along with IL-6. Finally, the role of Ninj1 and BDNF proteins needs further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Machairiotis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Accredited Endometriosis Centre, Northwick Park Hospital, London North West University Healthcare, London HA1 3UJ, UK
| | - Sofia Vasilakaki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 157 71 Athens, Greece;
| | - Nikolaos Thomakos
- 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Alexandra Hospital, Gynecologic Oncology Unit, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 28 Athens, Greece;
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Ansarey SH. Inflammation and JNK's Role in Niacin-GPR109A Diminished Flushed Effect in Microglial and Neuronal Cells With Relevance to Schizophrenia. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:771144. [PMID: 34916973 PMCID: PMC8668869 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.771144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a neuropsychiatric illness with no single definitive aetiology, making its treatment difficult. Antipsychotics are not fully effective because they treat psychosis rather than the cognitive or negative symptoms. Antipsychotics fail to alleviate symptoms when patients enter the chronic stage of illness. Topical application of niacin showed diminished skin flush in the majority of patients with schizophrenia compared to the general population who showed flushing. The niacin skin flush test is useful for identifying patients with schizophrenia at their ultra-high-risk stage, and understanding this pathology may introduce an effective treatment. This review aims to understand the pathology behind the diminished skin flush response, while linking it back to neurons and microglia. First, it suggests that there are altered proteins in the GPR109A-COX-prostaglandin pathway, inflammatory imbalance, and kinase signalling pathway, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), which are associated with diminished flush. Second, genes from the GPR109A-COX-prostaglandin pathway were matched against the 128-loci genome wide association study (GWAS) for schizophrenia using GeneCards, suggesting that G-coupled receptor-109A (GPR109A) may have a genetic mutation, resulting in diminished flush. This review also suggests that there may be increased pro-inflammatory mediators in the GPR109A-COX-prostaglandin pathway, which contributes to the diminished flush pathology. Increased levels of pro-inflammatory markers may induce microglial-activated neuronal death. Lastly, this review explores the role of JNK on pro-inflammatory mediators, proteins in the GPR109A-COX-prostaglandin pathway, microglial activation, and neuronal death. Inhibiting JNK may reverse the changes observed in the diminished flush response, which might make it a good therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina H Ansarey
- Department of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Shao Q, Wu Y, Ji J, Xu T, Yu Q, Ma C, Liao X, Cheng F, Wang X. Interaction Mechanisms Between Major Depressive Disorder and Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:711835. [PMID: 34966296 PMCID: PMC8710489 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.711835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD), which is highly associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), has complex pathogenic mechanisms. However, a limited number of studies have evaluated the mutual pathomechanisms involved in MDD and NAFLD development. Chronic stress-mediated elevations in glucocorticoid (GC) levels play an important role in the development of MDD-related NAFLD. Elevated GC levels can induce the release of inflammatory factors and changes in gut permeability. Elevated levels of inflammatory factors activate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, which further increases the release of GC. At the same time, changes in gut permeability promote the release of inflammatory factors, which results in a vicious circle among the three, causing disease outbreaks. Even though the specific role of the thyroid hormone (TH) in this pathogenesis has not been fully established, it is highly correlated with MDD and NAFLD. Therefore, changing lifestyles and reducing psychological stress levels are necessary measures for preventing MDD-related NAFLD. Among them, GC inhibitors and receptor antagonists may be key in the alleviation of early and mid-term disease progression. However, combination medications may be important in late-stage diseases, but they are associated with various side effects. Traditional Chinese medicines have been shown to be potential therapeutic alternatives for such complex diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Shao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yiping Wu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Ji
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Tian Xu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qiaoyu Yu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chongyang Ma
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xuejing Liao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Fafeng Cheng
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xueqian Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Liu F, Romantseva T, Park YJ, Golding H, Zaitseva M. Production of fever mediator PGE 2 in human monocytes activated with MDP adjuvant is controlled by signaling from MAPK and p300 HAT: Key role of T cell derived factor. Mol Immunol 2020; 128:139-149. [PMID: 33126082 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2020.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Fever and inflammatory responses were observed in some subjects in early clinical trials of vaccines adjuvanted with muramyl dipeptide (MDP), a NOD2 agonist. Biosynthesis of Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) that transmits febrile signals to the brain is controlled by an inducible enzyme, Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2). MDP alone was not sufficient to induce expression of COX-2 and PGE2 production in vitro. Conditioned medium prepared from Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs)-derived CD3-bead purified human T cells (TCM) dramatically increased COX2 gene transcription, COX-2 protein expression, and PGE2 production in MDP-treated monocytes. We explored epigenetic changes at the COX2 promoter using Chromatin Immunoprecipitation assay (ChIP). Increase in COX2 transcription correlated with increased recruitment of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) and p300 histone acetyl transferase (HAT) to the COX2 promoter in monocytes activated with MDP and TCM. The role of p300 HAT was confirmed by using C646, an inhibitor of p300, that reduced binding of acetylated H3 and H4 histones at the COX2 promoter, COX2 transcription, and PGE2 production in monocytes. Binding of p300, Nuclear Factor Kappa B (NF-κB), and Pol II to the COX2 promoter was also sensitive to inhibitors of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) pathway and to antibodies against Macrophage-1 (Mac-1) integrin in MDP/TCM-treated monocytes. Importantly, recombinant Glycoprotein Ib alfa (GPIbα), the recently identified factor in TCM, increased binding of NF-κB, p300, and of Pol II to the COX2 promoter and COX2 transcription in MDP-treated monocytes. Our findings suggest that a second signal through Mac-1 and MAPK is triggered by a T cell derived soluble GPIbα protein leading to the assembly of the transcription machinery at the COX2 promoter and production of PGE2 in human monocytes in response to MDP/NOD2 activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fengjie Liu
- Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, MD 20993, United States
| | - Tatiana Romantseva
- Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, MD 20993, United States
| | - Yun-Jong Park
- Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, MD 20993, United States
| | - Hana Golding
- Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, MD 20993, United States
| | - Marina Zaitseva
- Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, MD 20993, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Hauptmann J, Johann L, Marini F, Kitic M, Colombo E, Mufazalov IA, Krueger M, Karram K, Moos S, Wanke F, Kurschus FC, Klein M, Cardoso S, Strauß J, Bolisetty S, Lühder F, Schwaninger M, Binder H, Bechman I, Bopp T, Agarwal A, Soares MP, Regen T, Waisman A. Interleukin-1 promotes autoimmune neuroinflammation by suppressing endothelial heme oxygenase-1 at the blood-brain barrier. Acta Neuropathol 2020; 140:549-567. [PMID: 32651669 PMCID: PMC7498485 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-020-02187-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The proinflammatory cytokine interleukin 1 (IL-1) is crucially involved in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) and its animal model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Herein, we studied the role of IL-1 signaling in blood-brain barrier (BBB) endothelial cells (ECs), astrocytes and microglia for EAE development, using mice with the conditional deletion of its signaling receptor IL-1R1. We found that IL-1 signaling in microglia and astrocytes is redundant for the development of EAE, whereas the IL-1R1 deletion in BBB-ECs markedly ameliorated disease severity. IL-1 signaling in BBB-ECs upregulated the expression of the adhesion molecules Vcam-1, Icam-1 and the chemokine receptor Darc, all of which have been previously shown to promote CNS-specific inflammation. In contrast, IL-1R1 signaling suppressed the expression of the stress-responsive heme catabolizing enzyme heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in BBB-ECs, promoting disease progression via a mechanism associated with deregulated expression of the IL-1-responsive genes Vcam1, Icam1 and Ackr1 (Darc). Mechanistically, our data emphasize a functional crosstalk of BBB-EC IL-1 signaling and HO-1, controlling the transcription of downstream proinflammatory genes promoting the pathogenesis of autoimmune neuroinflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Judith Hauptmann
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Lisa Johann
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Federico Marini
- Center of Thrombosis and Hemostasis Mainz (CTH), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Institute for Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics (IMBEI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Maja Kitic
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Elisa Colombo
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ilgiz A Mufazalov
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Martin Krueger
- Anatomical Institute, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Khalad Karram
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sonja Moos
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Florian Wanke
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Immunology, Infectious Diseases and Ophthalmology (I2O) Discovery and Translational Area Roche Innovation Center, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Florian C Kurschus
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Klein
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Judith Strauß
- Institute for Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Research, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Subhashini Bolisetty
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Fred Lühder
- Institute for Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Research, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Markus Schwaninger
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Harald Binder
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ingo Bechman
- Anatomical Institute, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tobias Bopp
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Anupam Agarwal
- Nephrology Research and Training Center, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - Tommy Regen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Ari Waisman
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
- Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Volodarsky-Perel A, Cohen Y, Arab S, Son WY, Suarthana E, Dahan MH, Tulandi T, Buckett W. Effects of cancer stage and grade on fertility preservation outcome and ovarian stimulation response. Hum Reprod 2020; 34:530-538. [PMID: 30689898 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dey382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Do the stage and grade of malignancy affect the fertility preservation outcome in females? SUMMARY ANSWER Patients with high-grade cancer have a decreased number of retrieved mature oocytes and cryopreserved embryos. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Cancer has local and systemic effects on the host. The effects of cancer spread and aggressiveness on the ovarian function and stimulation response remain unclear. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Retrospective cohort study evaluating data of all fertility preservation treatment cycles among women with cancer at the reproductive unit of the McGill University Health Centre in the period from 2008 to 2017. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Study inclusion criteria were age 18-38 years, first stimulation cycle, GnRH-antagonist protocol and early follicular phase stimulation start. Only one stimulation cycle per patient was included. Patients with ovarian pathology, previous ovarian surgery and previous chemo- or radiotherapy were excluded. The outcomes of women with low-stage cancer (local tumor Stage I-II, no lymph node involvement, no metastases) were compared with those with high-stage disease (local tumor Stage III-IV, lymph node involvement or metastases). Similarly we compared those with low-grade (G1-2) and high-grade (G3-4) malignancies. The primary outcome measure was the number of mature oocytes retrieved. The secondary outcomes included the total number of retrieved oocytes, the number of vitrified oocytes, and the number of frozen embryos. We used Student's t-test for normally distributed data and Wilcoxon test for skewed data. To determine factors associated with good fertility preservation outcome defined as over 10 retrieved mature oocytes, we used multivariate logistic regression. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE A total of 147 patients were included in the final analysis. Age, body mass index, ovarian reserve parameters of the study groups in stage- and grade-based analyses were similar. Compared to women with low-stage cancer (n = 83), those with high-stage cancer (n = 64) required a higher dose of gonadotropin (P = 0.02). The number of retrieved mature oocytes (9 (7-13) versus 8 (5-12); P = 0.37) and vitrified oocytes (10 (7-15) versus 10 (7-13); P = 0.53) were similar between the two groups. However, in cycles where fertilization of all retrieved oocytes was performed, the fertilization rate (82.7% versus 71.5%; P = 0.03) and the number of vitrified embryos (6.2 ± 3.2 versus 4.3 ± 2.1; P = 0.01) were higher in the low-stage group. Compared to patients with low-grade cancer (n = 62), those with high-grade disease (n = 85) had significantly lower number of retrieved mature oocytes (11 (7-15) versus 8 (5-11); P = 0.002) and vitrified oocytes (12 (8-15) versus 10 (7-11); P = 0.005). The number of vitrified embryos was lower in high-grade group (6.5 ± 3.5 versus 4.6 ± 2.3; P = 0.03) in cycles where the fertilization was performed. In multivariate logistical analysis, the low-grade cancer was significantly associated with retrieval of over 10 mature oocytes (OR = 4.26; 95% CI 1.82-9.98; P = 0.0009). LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION The main limitations of the study include its retrospective design and the relatively small sample size in the embryological outcome analysis. The results of our study should be viewed with caution as different malignancy types were included in the study groups, although their distribution between the study groups was similar. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Cancer grade seems to have a negative impact on the fertility preservation outcome and the ovarian stimulation response. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) Authors have not received any funding to support this study. There are no conflicts of interest to declare.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yoni Cohen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Suha Arab
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Weon-Young Son
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Eva Suarthana
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Michael Haim Dahan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Togas Tulandi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - William Buckett
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Microglia depletion fails to abrogate inflammation-induced sickness in mice and rats. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:172. [PMID: 32475344 PMCID: PMC7262755 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01832-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Production of inflammatory mediators by reactive microglial cells in the brain is generally considered the primary mechanism underlying the development of symptoms of sickness in response to systemic inflammation. Methods Depletion of microglia was achieved in C57BL/6 mice by chronic oral administration of PLX5622, a specific antagonist of colony stimulating factor-1 receptor, and in rats by a knock-in model in which the diphtheria toxin receptor was expressed under the control of the endogenous fractalkine receptor (CX3CR1) promoter sequence. After successful microglia depletion, mice and rats were injected with a sickness-inducing dose of lipopolysaccharide according to a 2 (depletion vs. control) × 2 (LPS vs. saline) factorial design. Sickness was measured by body weight loss and decreased locomotor activity in rats and mice, and reduced voluntary wheel running in mice. Results Chronic administration of PLX5622 in mice and administration of diphtheria toxin to knock-in rats depleted microglia and peripheral tissue macrophages. However, it did not abrogate the inducible expression of proinflammatory cytokines in the brain in response to LPS and even exacerbated it for some of the cytokines. In accordance with these neuroimmune effects, LPS-induced sickness was not abrogated, rather it was exacerbated when measured by running wheel activity in mice. Conclusions These findings reveal that the sickness-inducing effects of acute inflammation can develop independently of microglia activation.
Collapse
|
37
|
Hadamitzky M, Lückemann L, Pacheco-López G, Schedlowski M. Pavlovian Conditioning of Immunological and Neuroendocrine Functions. Physiol Rev 2020; 100:357-405. [DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00033.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The phenomenon of behaviorally conditioned immunological and neuroendocrine functions has been investigated for the past 100 yr. The observation that associative learning processes can modify peripheral immune functions was first reported and investigated by Ivan Petrovic Pavlov and his co-workers. Their work later fell into oblivion, also because so little was known about the immune system’s function and even less about the underlying mechanisms of how learning, a central nervous system activity, could affect peripheral immune responses. With the employment of a taste-avoidance paradigm in rats, this phenomenon was rediscovered 45 yr ago as one of the most fascinating examples of the reciprocal functional interaction between behavior, the brain, and peripheral immune functions, and it established psychoneuroimmunology as a new research field. Relying on growing knowledge about efferent and afferent communication pathways between the brain, neuroendocrine system, primary and secondary immune organs, and immunocompetent cells, experimental animal studies demonstrate that cellular and humoral immune and neuroendocrine functions can be modulated via associative learning protocols. These (from the classical perspective) learned immune responses are clinically relevant, since they affect the development and progression of immune-related diseases and, more importantly, are also inducible in humans. The increased knowledge about the neuropsychological machinery steering learning and memory processes together with recent insight into the mechanisms mediating placebo responses provide fascinating perspectives to exploit these learned immune and neuroendocrine responses as supportive therapies, the aim being to reduce the amount of medication required, diminishing unwanted drug side effects while maximizing the therapeutic effect for the patient’s benefit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Hadamitzky
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Health Sciences Department, Metropolitan Autonomous University (UAM), Campus Lerma, Mexico; and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Laura Lückemann
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Health Sciences Department, Metropolitan Autonomous University (UAM), Campus Lerma, Mexico; and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gustavo Pacheco-López
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Health Sciences Department, Metropolitan Autonomous University (UAM), Campus Lerma, Mexico; and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Manfred Schedlowski
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Health Sciences Department, Metropolitan Autonomous University (UAM), Campus Lerma, Mexico; and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Griton M, Dhaya I, Nicolas R, Raffard G, Periot O, Hiba B, Konsman JP. Experimental sepsis-associated encephalopathy is accompanied by altered cerebral blood perfusion and water diffusion and related to changes in cyclooxygenase-2 expression and glial cell morphology but not to blood-brain barrier breakdown. Brain Behav Immun 2020; 83:200-213. [PMID: 31622656 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) refers to brain dysfunction, including delirium, occurs during severe infection and is associated with development of post-traumatic stress disorder. SAE has been proposed to be related to reduced cerebral blood flow (CBF), blood-brain barrier breakdown (BBB), white matter edema and disruption and glia cell activation, but their exact relationships remain to be determined. In the present work, we set out to study CBF using Arterial Spin Labeling (ASL) and grey and white matter structure with T2- and diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) in rats with cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced encephalopathy. Using immunohistochemistry, the distribution of the vasoactive prostaglandin-synthesizing enzyme cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), perivascular immunoglobulins G (IgG), aquaporin-4 (AQP4) and the morphology of glial cell were subsequently assessed in brains of the same animals. CLP induced deficits in the righting reflex and resulted in higher T2-weighted contrast intensities in the cortex, striatum and at the base of the brain, decreased blood perfusion distribution to the cortex and increased water diffusion parallel to the fibers of the corpus callosum compared to sham surgery. In addition, CLP reduced staining for microglia- and astrocytic-specific proteins in the corpus callosum, decreased neuronal COX-2 and AQP4 expression in the cortex while inducing perivascular COX-2 expression, but did not induce widespread perivascular IgG diffusion. In conclusion, our findings indicate that experimental SAE can occur in the absence of BBB breakdown and is accompanied by increased water diffusion anisotropy and altered glia cell morphology in brain white matter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marion Griton
- INCIA, Institut de Neurosciences Cognitive et Intégrative d'Aquitaine, UMR 5287, Bordeaux, France; Univ. Bordeaux, INCIA, UMR 5287, Bordeaux, France; Service de Réanimation Anesthésie Neurochirurgicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Ibtihel Dhaya
- INCIA, Institut de Neurosciences Cognitive et Intégrative d'Aquitaine, UMR 5287, Bordeaux, France; Univ. Bordeaux, INCIA, UMR 5287, Bordeaux, France; Laboratoire de Neurophysiologie Fonctionnelle et Pathologies, UR/11ES09, Faculté des Sciences Mathématiques, Physiques et Naturelles, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Renaud Nicolas
- INCIA, Institut de Neurosciences Cognitive et Intégrative d'Aquitaine, UMR 5287, Bordeaux, France; Univ. Bordeaux, INCIA, UMR 5287, Bordeaux, France
| | - Gérard Raffard
- CNRS, Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques, UMR 5536, Bordeaux, France; Univ. Bordeaux, RMSB, UMR 5536, Bordeaux, France
| | - Olivier Periot
- INCIA, Institut de Neurosciences Cognitive et Intégrative d'Aquitaine, UMR 5287, Bordeaux, France; Univ. Bordeaux, INCIA, UMR 5287, Bordeaux, France; Service de Médecine Nucléaire, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Bassem Hiba
- INCIA, Institut de Neurosciences Cognitive et Intégrative d'Aquitaine, UMR 5287, Bordeaux, France; Univ. Bordeaux, INCIA, UMR 5287, Bordeaux, France; CNRS UMR 5229, Centre de Neurosciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, Bron, France
| | - Jan Pieter Konsman
- INCIA, Institut de Neurosciences Cognitive et Intégrative d'Aquitaine, UMR 5287, Bordeaux, France; Univ. Bordeaux, INCIA, UMR 5287, Bordeaux, France.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Chaskiel L, Bristow AD, Bluthé RM, Dantzer R, Blomqvist A, Konsman JP. Interleukin-1 reduces food intake and body weight in rat by acting in the arcuate hypothalamus. Brain Behav Immun 2019; 81:560-573. [PMID: 31310797 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A reduction in food intake is commonly observed after bacterial infection, a phenomenon that can be reproduced by peripheral administration of Gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), a pro-inflammatory cytokine released by LPS-activated macrophages. The arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARH) plays a major role in food intake regulation and expresses IL-1 type 1 receptor (IL-1R1) mRNA. In the present work, we tested the hypothesis that IL-1R1 expressing cells in the ARH mediate IL-1β and/or LPS-induced hypophagia in the rat. To do so, we developed an IL-1β-saporin conjugate, which eliminated IL-R1-expressing neurons in the hippocampus, and micro-injected it into the ARH prior to systemic IL-1β and LPS administration. ARH IL-1β-saporin injection resulted in loss of neuropeptide Y-containing cells and attenuated hypophagia and weight loss after intraperitoneal IL-1β, but not LPS, administration. In conclusion, the present study shows that ARH NPY-containing neurons express functional IL-1R1s that mediate peripheral IL-1β-, but not LPS-, induced hypophagia. Our present and previous findings indicate that the reduction of food intake after IL-1β and LPS are mediated by different neural pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Léa Chaskiel
- Psychoneuroimmunology, Nutrition and Genetics, UMR CNRS 5226-INRA 1286, University of Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Adrian D Bristow
- National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire EN6 3QG, UK
| | - Rose-Marie Bluthé
- Psychoneuroimmunology, Nutrition and Genetics, UMR CNRS 5226-INRA 1286, University of Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Robert Dantzer
- Department of Symptom Research, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, TX 770030, USA
| | - Anders Blomqvist
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, S-581 85 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jan Pieter Konsman
- UMR CNRS 5287 Aquitaine Institute for Integrative and Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Tauty A, Noblet V, Paillard C, Fornecker LM, Namer IJ, Bund C. Evaluation of the effects of chemotherapy on brain glucose metabolism in children with Hodgkin's lymphoma. Ann Nucl Med 2019; 33:564-569. [PMID: 31087250 DOI: 10.1007/s12149-019-01363-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chemobrain is a recently proposed pathological entity. 18F-FDG PET/CT can show objective abnormalities to explain brain disorders caused by chemotherapy, although no study has investigated these phenomena in children to date. The main objective of the present study was to examine quantitatively the effects of chemotherapy on brain metabolism in a homogeneous population of children treated for Hodgkin's lymphoma using 18F-FDG PET/CT. METHODS In this retrospective study, we included 20 children, newly diagnosed with Hodgkin's lymphoma, who underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT at initial staging and at least one PET/CT in follow-up. The SPM12 software provided t-maps to show the difference in metabolism between these PET/CTs. The statistical maps were analyzed with xjView software to identify the brain regions associated with the clusters detected. RESULTS Altered glucose metabolism was found in the frontal, cingular, and temporoinsular regions after two cycles of chemotherapy. Results in children were compared to a group of 35 adults. For the same statistical threshold, the extent and depth of the metabolic alterations were less in the adult group than in children. CONCLUSIONS 18F-FDG PET/CT is useful in providing objective data to explain brain disorders caused by chemotherapy. This could lead to better care and should be compared to neuropsychological test results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alban Tauty
- Service de Biophysique Et de Médecine Nucléaire, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Hôpital de Hautepierre, 1, Avenue Molière, 67098, Strasbourg Cedex 09, France
| | - Vincent Noblet
- ICube Université de Strasbourg/CNRS UMR 7357, Strasbourg, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
| | - Catherine Paillard
- Service D'Onco-hématologie Pédiatrique, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Hôpital de Hautepierre, Strasbourg, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
| | - Luc-Matthieu Fornecker
- Service d'Onco-hématologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Hôpital de Hautepierre, Strasbourg, France
| | - Izzie Jacques Namer
- Service de Biophysique Et de Médecine Nucléaire, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Hôpital de Hautepierre, 1, Avenue Molière, 67098, Strasbourg Cedex 09, France.,ICube Université de Strasbourg/CNRS UMR 7357, Strasbourg, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
| | - Caroline Bund
- Service de Biophysique Et de Médecine Nucléaire, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Hôpital de Hautepierre, 1, Avenue Molière, 67098, Strasbourg Cedex 09, France. .,ICube Université de Strasbourg/CNRS UMR 7357, Strasbourg, France.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Woelfer M, Kasties V, Kahlfuss S, Walter M. The Role of Depressive Subtypes within the Neuroinflammation Hypothesis of Major Depressive Disorder. Neuroscience 2019; 403:93-110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
42
|
Sekiya T, Mifsud EJ, Ohno M, Nomura N, Sasada M, Fujikura D, Daito T, Shingai M, Ohara Y, Nishimura T, Endo M, Mitsumata R, Ikeda T, Hatanaka H, Kitayama H, Motokawa K, Sobue T, Suzuki S, Itoh Y, Brown LE, Ogasawara K, Kino Y, Kida H. Inactivated whole virus particle vaccine with potent immunogenicity and limited IL-6 induction is ideal for influenza. Vaccine 2019; 37:2158-2166. [PMID: 30857932 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.02.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
In contrast to current ether- or detergent-disrupted "split" vaccines (SVs) for influenza, inactivated whole influenza virus particle vaccines (WPVs) retain the original virus structure and components and as such may confer similar immunity to natural infection. In a collaboration between academia and industry, the potential of WPV as a new seasonal influenza vaccine was investigated. Each of the four seasonal influenza vaccine manufacturers in Japan prepared WPVs and SVs from the same batches of purified influenza virus. Both mice and monkeys vaccinated with the WPVs exhibited superior immune responses to those vaccinated with the corresponding SVs. Vaccination with A/California/07/2009 (H1N1) WPV enabled mice to survive a lethal challenge dose of homologous virus whereas those vaccinated with SV succumbed to infection within 6 days. Furthermore, mice vaccinated with WPV induced substantial numbers of multifunctional CD8+ T cells, important for control of antigenically drifted influenza virus strains. In addition, cytokines and chemokines were detected at early time points in the sera of mice vaccinated with WPV but not in those animals vaccinated with SV. These results indicate that WPVs induce enhanced innate and adaptive immune responses compared to equivalent doses of SVs. Notably, WPV at one fifth of the dose of SV was able to induce potent immunity with limited production of IL-6, one of the pyrogenic cytokines. We thus propose that WPVs with balanced immunogenicity and safety may set a new global standard for seasonal influenza vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toshiki Sekiya
- Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Global Station for Zoonosis Control, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE) Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; The Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Edin J Mifsud
- Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Global Station for Zoonosis Control, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE) Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; The Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Marumi Ohno
- Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Naoki Nomura
- Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Mayumi Sasada
- Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Fujikura
- Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takuji Daito
- Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masashi Shingai
- Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Global Station for Zoonosis Control, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE) Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | - Tomio Ikeda
- R&D Center, Denka Seiken Co., Ltd., Niigata, Japan
| | - Hironori Hatanaka
- The Research Foundation for Microbial Diseases of Osaka University, Kannonji, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kitayama
- The Research Foundation for Microbial Diseases of Osaka University, Kannonji, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Kenji Motokawa
- Manufacturing Department III, Kitasato Daiichi Sankyo Vaccine Co. Ltd., Saitama, Japan
| | - Tomoyoshi Sobue
- CMC Research Laboratories, Kitasato Daiichi Sankyo Vaccine Co. Ltd., Saitama, Japan
| | - Saori Suzuki
- Division of Pathology and Disease Regulation, Department of Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Yasushi Itoh
- Division of Pathology and Disease Regulation, Department of Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Lorena E Brown
- Global Station for Zoonosis Control, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE) Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; The Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kazumasa Ogasawara
- Division of Pathology and Disease Regulation, Department of Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan; Research Center for Animal Life Science, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | | | - Hiroshi Kida
- Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Global Station for Zoonosis Control, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE) Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Collaborating Research Center for the Control of Infectious Diseases, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Morita-Takemura S, Nakahara K, Hasegawa-Ishii S, Isonishi A, Tatsumi K, Okuda H, Tanaka T, Kitabatake M, Ito T, Wanaka A. Responses of perivascular macrophages to circulating lipopolysaccharides in the subfornical organ with special reference to endotoxin tolerance. J Neuroinflammation 2019; 16:39. [PMID: 30764851 PMCID: PMC6375194 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1431-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circulating endotoxins including lipopolysaccharides (LPS) cause brain responses such as fever and decrease of food and water intake, while pre-injection of endotoxins attenuates these responses. This phenomenon is called endotoxin tolerance, but the mechanisms underlying it remain unclear. The subfornical organ (SFO) rapidly produces proinflammatory cytokines including interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in response to peripherally injected LPS, and repeated LPS injection attenuates IL-1β production in the SFO, indicating that the SFO is involved in endotoxin tolerance. The purpose of this study is to investigate features of the IL-1β source cells in the SFO of LPS-non-tolerant and LPS-tolerant mice. METHODS We first established the endotoxin-tolerant mouse model by injecting LPS into adult male mice (C57BL/6J). Immunohistochemistry was performed to characterize IL-1β-expressing cells, which were perivascular macrophages in the SFO. We depleted perivascular macrophages using clodronate liposomes to confirm the contribution of IL-1β production. To assess the effect of LPS pre-injection on perivascular macrophages, we transferred bone marrow-derived cells obtained from male mice (C57BL/6-Tg (CAG-EGFP)) to male recipient mice (C57BL/6N). Finally, we examined the effect of a second LPS injection on IL-1β expression in the SFO perivascular macrophages. RESULTS We report that perivascular macrophages but not parenchymal microglia rapidly produced the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β in response to LPS. We found that peripherally injected LPS localized in the SFO perivascular space. Depletion of macrophages by injection of clodronate liposomes attenuated LPS-induced IL-1β expression in the SFO. When tolerance developed to LPS-induced sickness behavior in mice, the SFO perivascular macrophages ceased producing IL-1β, although bone marrow-derived perivascular macrophages increased in number in the SFO and peripherally injected LPS reached the SFO perivascular space. CONCLUSIONS The current data indicate that perivascular macrophages enable the SFO to produce IL-1β in response to circulating LPS and that its hyporesponsiveness may be the cause of endotoxin tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shoko Morita-Takemura
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8521, Japan.
| | - Kazuki Nakahara
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8521, Japan
| | | | - Ayami Isonishi
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8521, Japan
| | - Kouko Tatsumi
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8521, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Okuda
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8521, Japan.,Department of Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Tatsuhide Tanaka
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8521, Japan
| | | | - Toshihiro Ito
- Department of Immunology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Akio Wanaka
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8521, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Langgartner D, Lowry CA, Reber SO. Old Friends, immunoregulation, and stress resilience. Pflugers Arch 2019; 471:237-269. [PMID: 30386921 PMCID: PMC6334733 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-018-2228-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
There is a considerable body of evidence indicating that chronic adverse experience, especially chronic psychosocial stress/trauma, represents a major risk factor for the development of many somatic and affective disorders, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, the mechanisms underlying the development of chronic stress-associated disorders are still in large part unknown, and current treatment and prevention strategies lack efficacy and reliability. A greater understanding of mechanisms involved in the development and persistence of chronic stress-induced disorders may lead to novel approaches to prevention and treatment of these disorders. In this review, we provide evidence indicating that increases in immune (re-)activity and inflammation, potentially promoted by a reduced exposure to immunoregulatory microorganisms ("Old Friends") in today's modern society, may be causal factors in mediating the vulnerability to development and persistence of stress-related pathologies. Moreover, we discuss strategies to increase immunoregulatory processes and attenuate inflammation, as for instance contact with immunoregulatory Old Friends, which appears to be a promising strategy to promote stress resilience and to prevent/treat chronic stress-related disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Langgartner
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychosomatics, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Christopher A Lowry
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation and Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
- Veterans Health Administration, Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Denver Veterans Affairs Medical Center (VAMC), Denver, CO, 80220, USA
- Military and Veteran Microbiome Consortium for Research and Education (MVM-CoRE), Denver, CO, 80220, USA
| | - Stefan O Reber
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychosomatics, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Wong R, Lénárt N, Hill L, Toms L, Coutts G, Martinecz B, Császár E, Nyiri G, Papaemmanouil A, Waisman A, Müller W, Schwaninger M, Rothwell N, Francis S, Pinteaux E, Denés A, Allan SM. Interleukin-1 mediates ischaemic brain injury via distinct actions on endothelial cells and cholinergic neurons. Brain Behav Immun 2019; 76:126-138. [PMID: 30453020 PMCID: PMC6363965 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2018.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytokine interleukin-1 (IL-1) is a key contributor to neuroinflammation and brain injury, yet mechanisms by which IL-1 triggers neuronal injury remain unknown. Here we induced conditional deletion of IL-1R1 in brain endothelial cells, neurons and blood cells to assess site-specific IL-1 actions in a model of cerebral ischaemia in mice. Tamoxifen treatment of IL-1R1 floxed (fl/fl) mice crossed with mice expressing tamoxifen-inducible Cre-recombinase under the Slco1c1 promoter resulted in brain endothelium-specific deletion of IL-1R1 and a significant decrease in infarct size (29%), blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown (53%) and neurological deficit (40%) compared to vehicle-treated or control (IL-1R1fl/fl) mice. Absence of brain endothelial IL-1 signalling improved cerebral blood flow, followed by reduced neutrophil infiltration and vascular activation 24 h after brain injury. Conditional IL-1R1 deletion in neurons using tamoxifen inducible nestin-Cre mice resulted in reduced neuronal injury (25%) and altered microglia-neuron interactions, without affecting cerebral perfusion or vascular activation. Deletion of IL-1R1 specifically in cholinergic neurons reduced infarct size, brain oedema and improved functional outcome. Ubiquitous deletion of IL-1R1 had no effect on brain injury, suggesting beneficial compensatory mechanisms on other cells against the detrimental effects of IL-1 on endothelial cells and neurons. We also show that IL-1R1 signalling deletion in platelets or myeloid cells does not contribute to brain injury after experimental stroke. Thus, brain endothelial and neuronal (cholinergic) IL-1R1 mediate detrimental actions of IL-1 in the brain in ischaemic stroke. Cell-specific targeting of IL-1R1 in the brain could therefore have therapeutic benefits in stroke and other cerebrovascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raymond Wong
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, M13 9PT Manchester, UK
| | - Nikolett Lénárt
- "Momentum" Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Szigony u. 43, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Laura Hill
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, M13 9PT Manchester, UK
| | - Lauren Toms
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, M13 9PT Manchester, UK
| | - Graham Coutts
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, M13 9PT Manchester, UK
| | - Bernadett Martinecz
- "Momentum" Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Szigony u. 43, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eszter Császár
- "Momentum" Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Szigony u. 43, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Nyiri
- Laboratory of Cerebral Cortex Research, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Szigony u. 43, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Athina Papaemmanouil
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, M13 9PT Manchester, UK
| | - Ari Waisman
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Werner Müller
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, M13 9PT Manchester, UK
| | - Markus Schwaninger
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Nancy Rothwell
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, M13 9PT Manchester, UK
| | - Sheila Francis
- Department of Infection, Immunity & Cardiovascular Disease, Medical School, University of Sheffield, S10 2RX Sheffield, UK
| | - Emmanuel Pinteaux
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, M13 9PT Manchester, UK
| | - Adam Denés
- "Momentum" Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Szigony u. 43, 1083 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Stuart M Allan
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, M13 9PT Manchester, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Liu X, Nemeth DP, McKim DB, Zhu L, DiSabato DJ, Berdysz O, Gorantla G, Oliver B, Witcher KG, Wang Y, Negray CE, Vegesna RS, Sheridan JF, Godbout JP, Robson MJ, Blakely RD, Popovich PG, Bilbo SD, Quan N. Cell-Type-Specific Interleukin 1 Receptor 1 Signaling in the Brain Regulates Distinct Neuroimmune Activities. Immunity 2019; 50:317-333.e6. [PMID: 30683620 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2018.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-1 (IL-1) signaling is important for multiple potentially pathogenic processes in the central nervous system (CNS), but the cell-type-specific roles of IL-1 signaling are unclear. We used a genetic knockin reporter system in mice to track and reciprocally delete or express IL-1 receptor 1 (IL-1R1) in specific cell types, including endothelial cells, ventricular cells, peripheral myeloid cells, microglia, astrocytes, and neurons. We found that endothelial IL-1R1 was necessary and sufficient for mediating sickness behavior and drove leukocyte recruitment to the CNS and impaired neurogenesis, whereas ventricular IL-1R1 was critical for monocyte recruitment to the CNS. Although microglia did not express IL-1R1, IL-1 stimulation of endothelial cells led to the induction of IL-1 in microglia. Together, these findings describe the structure and functions of the brain's IL-1R1-expressing system and lay a foundation for the dissection and identification of IL-1R1 signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of CNS diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Liu
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Daniel P Nemeth
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Daniel B McKim
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Animal Science, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Ling Zhu
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Damon J DiSabato
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Olimpia Berdysz
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Gowthami Gorantla
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Braedan Oliver
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Kristina G Witcher
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Yufen Wang
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Christina E Negray
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Rekha S Vegesna
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - John F Sheridan
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jonathan P Godbout
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Matthew J Robson
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Randy D Blakely
- Department of Biomedical Science, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine and Brain Institute, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Phillip G Popovich
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Staci D Bilbo
- Pediatrics and Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Lurie Center for Autism, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston, MA 02126, USA
| | - Ning Quan
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Malek M. Brain consequences of acute kidney injury: Focusing on the hippocampus. Kidney Res Clin Pract 2018; 37:315-322. [PMID: 30619687 PMCID: PMC6312775 DOI: 10.23876/j.krcp.18.0056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The high mortality rates associated with acute kidney injury are mainly due to extra-renal complications that occur following distant-organ involvement. Damage to these organs, which is commonly referred to as multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, has more severe and persistent effects. The brain and its sub-structures, such as the hippocampus, are vulnerable organs that can be adversely affected. Acute kidney injury may be associated with numerous brain and hippocampal complications, as it may alter the permeability of the blood-brain barrier. Although the pathogenesis of acute uremic encephalopathy is poorly understood, some of the underlying mechanisms that may contribute to hippocampal involvement include the release of multiple inflammatory mediators that coincide with hippocampus inflammation and cytotoxicity, neurotransmitter derangement, transcriptional dysregulation, and changes in the expression of apoptotic genes. Impairment of brain function, especially of a structure that has vital activity in learning and memory and is very sensitive to renal ischemic injury, can ultimately lead to cognitive and functional complications in patients with acute kidney injury. The objective of this review was to assess these complications in the brain following acute kidney injury, with a focus on the hippocampus as a critical region for learning and memory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Malek
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Abstract
Fever is a common symptom of infectious and inflammatory disease. It is well-established that prostaglandin E2 is the final mediator of fever, which by binding to its EP3 receptor subtype in the preoptic hypothalamus initiates thermogenesis. Here, we review the different hypotheses on how the presence of peripherally released pyrogenic substances can be signaled to the brain to elicit fever. We conclude that there is unequivocal evidence for a humoral signaling pathway by which proinflammatory cytokines, through their binding to receptors on brain endothelial cells, evoke fever by eliciting prostaglandin E2 synthesis in these cells. The evidence for a role for other signaling routes for fever, such as signaling via circumventricular organs and peripheral nerves, as well as transfer into the brain of peripherally synthesized prostaglandin E2 are yet far from conclusive. We also review the efferent limb of the pyrogenic pathways. We conclude that it is well established that prostaglandin E2 binding in the preoptic hypothalamus produces fever by disinhibition of presympathetic neurons in the brain stem, but there is yet little understanding of the mechanisms by which factors such as nutritional status and ambient temperature shape the response to the peripheral immune challenge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anders Blomqvist
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - David Engblom
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Thurgur H, Pinteaux E. Microglia in the Neurovascular Unit: Blood-Brain Barrier-microglia Interactions After Central Nervous System Disorders. Neuroscience 2018; 405:55-67. [PMID: 31007172 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Over the past few decades, microglial cells have been regarded as the main executor of inflammation after acute and chronic central nervous system (CNS) disorders, responding rapidly to exogenous stimuli during acute trauma or infections, or signals released by cells undergoing cell death during conditions such as stroke, Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Barriers of the nervous system, and in particular the blood-brain barrier (BBB), play a key role in the normal physiological and cognitive functions of the brain. Being at the interface between the central and peripheral compartment, the BBB is regarded as a sensor of homeostasis, and any disruption within the brain or the systemic compartment triggers BBB dysfunction and neuroinflammation, both contributing to the pathogenesis of cerebrovascular disease. This involves a dynamic response mediated by all components of the neurovascular unit (NVU), and ongoing research suggests that BBB-microglia interaction is critical to dictate the microglial response to NVU injury. The present review aims to give an up-to-date account of the emerging critical role of BBB-microglia interactions during neuroinflammation, and how these could be targeted for the therapeutic treatment of major central inflammatory disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Thurgur
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, AV Hill Building, The University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Emmanuel Pinteaux
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, AV Hill Building, The University of Manchester, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Boltana S, Sanhueza N, Donoso A, Aguilar A, Crespo D, Vergara D, Arriagada G, Morales-Lange B, Mercado L, Rey S, Tort L, Mackenzie S. The expression of TRPV channels, prostaglandin E2 and pro-inflammatory cytokines during behavioural fever in fish. Brain Behav Immun 2018; 71:169-181. [PMID: 29574261 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2018.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A fever, or increased body temperature, is a symptom of inflammation, which is a complex defence reaction of the organism to pathogenic infections. After pathogens enter the body, immune cells secrete a number of agents, the functions of which stimulate the body to develop a functional immune and fever response. In mammals it is known that PGE2 is the principal mediator of fever. The extent to which PGE2 and other pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6, or IL-1β could be involved in the induction of behavioural fever in fish remains to be clarified. Several members of the transient receptor potential (TRP) family of ion channels have been implicated as transducers of thermal stimuli, including TRPV1 and TRPV2, which are activated by heat. Here we show that members of the TRP family, TRPV1 and TRPV4, may participate in the coordination of temperature sensing during the behavioural fever. To examine the behavioral fever mechanism in Salmo salar an infection with IPNV, infectious pancreatic necrosis virus, was carried out by an immersion challenge with 10 × 105 PFU/mL-1 of IPNV. Behavioural fever impacted upon the expression levels of both TRPV1 and TRPV4 mRNAs after the viral challenge and revealed a juxtaposed regulation of TRPV channels. Our results suggest that an increase in the mRNA abundance of TRPV1 is tightly correlated with a significant elevation in the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and PGE2) in the Pre-Optic Area (POA) and cytokine release in plasma. Together, these data indicate that the reduction of TRPV4 expression during behavioural fever may contribute to the onset of behavioural fever influencing movement toward higher water temperatures. Our data also suggest an effect of TRPV channels in the regulation of behavioural fever through activation of EP3 receptors in the central nervous system by PGE2 induced by plasma-borne cytokines. These results highlight for first time in mobile ectotherms the key role of pro-inflammatory cytokines and TRPV channels in behavioural fever that likely involves a complex integration of prostaglandin induction, cytokine recognition and temperature sensing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Boltana
- Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Department of Oceanography, Biotechnology Center, University of Concepción, 4030000 Concepción, Chile.
| | - Nataly Sanhueza
- Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Department of Oceanography, Biotechnology Center, University of Concepción, 4030000 Concepción, Chile
| | - Andrea Donoso
- Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Department of Oceanography, Biotechnology Center, University of Concepción, 4030000 Concepción, Chile
| | - Andrea Aguilar
- Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Department of Oceanography, Biotechnology Center, University of Concepción, 4030000 Concepción, Chile
| | - Diego Crespo
- Reproductive Biology Group, Division of Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Kruyt Building, Room O809, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Daniela Vergara
- Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Department of Oceanography, Biotechnology Center, University of Concepción, 4030000 Concepción, Chile
| | - Gabriel Arriagada
- Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Department of Oceanography, Biotechnology Center, University of Concepción, 4030000 Concepción, Chile
| | - Byron Morales-Lange
- Grupo de Marcadores Inmunologicos, Instituto de Biologia, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Luis Mercado
- Grupo de Marcadores Inmunologicos, Instituto de Biologia, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Sonia Rey
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, Stirlingshire FK9 4LA, UK
| | - Lluis Tort
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Simon Mackenzie
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, Stirlingshire FK9 4LA, UK
| |
Collapse
|