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Jaschke NP, Breining D, Hofmann M, Pählig S, Baschant U, Oertel R, Traikov S, Grinenko T, Saettini F, Biondi A, Stylianou M, Bringmann H, Zhang C, Yoshida TM, Weidner H, Poller WC, Swirski FK, Göbel A, Hofbauer LC, Rauner M, Scheiermann C, Wang A, Rachner TD. Small-molecule CBP/p300 histone acetyltransferase inhibition mobilizes leukocytes from the bone marrow via the endocrine stress response. Immunity 2024; 57:364-378.e9. [PMID: 38301651 PMCID: PMC10923082 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Mutations of the CBP/p300 histone acetyltransferase (HAT) domain can be linked to leukemic transformation in humans, suggestive of a checkpoint of leukocyte compartment sizes. Here, we examined the impact of reversible inhibition of this domain by the small-molecule A485. We found that A485 triggered acute and transient mobilization of leukocytes from the bone marrow into the blood. Leukocyte mobilization by A485 was equally potent as, but mechanistically distinct from, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), which allowed for additive neutrophil mobilization when both compounds were combined. These effects were maintained in models of leukopenia and conferred augmented host defenses. Mechanistically, activation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal gland (HPA) axis by A485 relayed shifts in leukocyte distribution through corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1 (CRHR1) and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), but independently of glucocorticoids. Our findings identify a strategy for rapid expansion of the blood leukocyte compartment via a neuroendocrine loop, with implications for the treatment of human pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai P Jaschke
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine III, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine (Rheumatology, Allergy & Immunology) and Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Dorit Breining
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine III, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Maura Hofmann
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine III, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sophie Pählig
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine III, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ulrike Baschant
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine III, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Reinhard Oertel
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sofia Traikov
- Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Tatyana Grinenko
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Francesco Saettini
- Tettamanti Research Center, University of Milano-Bicocca, University of Milano Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Andrea Biondi
- Centro Tettamanti, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy; Pediatria, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy; Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Myrto Stylianou
- Biotechnology Center (Biotec) Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Henrik Bringmann
- Biotechnology Center (Biotec) Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Cuiling Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine (Rheumatology, Allergy & Immunology) and Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Tomomi M Yoshida
- Department of Internal Medicine (Rheumatology, Allergy & Immunology) and Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Heike Weidner
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine III, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Wolfram C Poller
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Filip K Swirski
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andy Göbel
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine III, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lorenz C Hofbauer
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine III, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Martina Rauner
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine III, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christoph Scheiermann
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Biomedical Center (BMC), Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Walter Brendel-Center for Experimental Medicine (WBex), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Andrew Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine (Rheumatology, Allergy & Immunology) and Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Tilman D Rachner
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine III, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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2
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Maushart CI, Sun W, Othman A, Ghosh A, Senn JR, Fischer JGW, Madoerin P, Loeliger RC, Benz RM, Takes M, Zech CJ, Chirindel A, Beuschlein F, Reincke M, Wild D, Bieri O, Zamboni N, Wolfrum C, Betz MJ. Effect of high-dose glucocorticoid treatment on human brown adipose tissue activity: a randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled cross-over trial in healthy men. EBioMedicine 2023; 96:104771. [PMID: 37659283 PMCID: PMC10483510 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucocorticoids (GCs) are widely applied anti-inflammatory drugs that are associated with adverse metabolic effects including insulin resistance and weight gain. Previous research indicates that GCs may negatively impact brown adipose tissue (BAT) activity in rodents and humans. METHODS We performed a randomised, double-blinded cross-over trial in 16 healthy men (clinicaltrials.govNCT03269747). Participants received 40 mg of prednisone per day for one week or placebo. After a washout period of four weeks, participants crossed-over to the other treatment arm. Primary endpoint was the increase in resting energy expenditure (EE) in response to a mild-cold stimulus (cold-induced thermogenesis, CIT). Secondary outcomes comprised mean 18F-FDG uptake into supraclavicular BAT (SUVmean) as determined by FDG-PET/CT, volume of the BAT depot as well as fat content determined by MRI. The plasma metabolome and the transcriptome of supraclavicular BAT and of skeletal muscle biopsies after each treatment period were analysed. FINDINGS Sixteen participants were recruited to the trial and completed it successfully per protocol. After prednisone treatment resting EE was higher both during warm and cold conditions. However, CIT was similar, 153 kcal/24 h (95% CI 40-266 kcal/24 h) after placebo and 186 kcal/24 h (95% CI 94-277 kcal/24 h, p = 0.38) after prednisone. SUVmean of BAT after cold exposure was not significantly affected by prednisone (3.36 g/ml, 95% CI 2.69-4.02 g/ml, vs 3.07 g/ml, 95% CI 2.52-3.62 g/ml, p = 0.28). Results of plasma metabolomics and BAT transcriptomics corroborated these findings. RNA sequencing of muscle biopsies revealed higher expression of genes involved in calcium cycling. No serious adverse events were reported and adverse events were evenly distributed between the two treatments. INTERPRETATION Prednisone increased EE in healthy men possibly by altering skeletal muscle calcium cycling. Cold-induced BAT activity was not affected by GC treatment, which indicates that the unfavourable metabolic effects of GCs are independent from thermogenic adipocytes. FUNDING Grants from Swiss National Science Foundation (PZ00P3_167823), Bangerter-Rhyner Foundation and from Nora van der Meeuwen-Häfliger Foundation to MJB. A fellowship-grant from the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF211053) to WS. Grants from German Research Foundation (project number: 314061271-TRR 205) and Else Kröner-Fresenius (grant support 2012_A103 and 2015_A228) to MR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Irene Maushart
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Wenfei Sun
- Institute of Food, Nutrition, and Health, ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland.
| | - Alaa Othman
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Adhideb Ghosh
- Institute of Food, Nutrition, and Health, ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland; Functional Genomics Center Zurich, ETH Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Jaël Rut Senn
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Jonas Gabriel William Fischer
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Philipp Madoerin
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Rahel Catherina Loeliger
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Robyn Melanie Benz
- Functional Genomics Center Zurich, ETH Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Martin Takes
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Christoph Johannes Zech
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Alin Chirindel
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Felix Beuschlein
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich (USZ) and University Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Martin Reincke
- Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Damian Wild
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Oliver Bieri
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Nicola Zamboni
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Christian Wolfrum
- Institute of Food, Nutrition, and Health, ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland.
| | - Matthias Johannes Betz
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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Balsevich G, Petrie GN, Heinz DE, Singh A, Aukema RJ, Hunker AC, Vecchiarelli HA, Yau H, Sticht M, Thompson RJ, Lee FS, Zweifel LS, Chelikani PK, Gassen NC, Hill MN. A genetic variant of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) exacerbates hormone-mediated orexigenic feeding in mice. eLife 2023; 12:e81919. [PMID: 37039453 PMCID: PMC10159625 DOI: 10.7554/elife.81919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) degrades the endocannabinoid anandamide. A polymorphism in FAAH (FAAH C385A) reduces FAAH expression, increases anandamide levels, and increases the risk of obesity. Nevertheless, some studies have found no association between FAAH C385A and obesity. We investigated whether the environmental context governs the impact of FAAH C385A on metabolic outcomes. Using a C385A knock-in mouse model, we found that FAAH A/A mice are more susceptible to glucocorticoid-induced hyperphagia, weight gain, and activation of hypothalamic AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). AMPK inhibition occluded the amplified hyperphagic response to glucocorticoids in FAAH A/A mice. FAAH knockdown exclusively in agouti-related protein (AgRP) neurons mimicked the exaggerated feeding response of FAAH A/A mice to glucocorticoids. FAAH A/A mice likewise presented exaggerated orexigenic responses to ghrelin, while FAAH knockdown in AgRP neurons blunted leptin anorectic responses. Together, the FAAH A/A genotype amplifies orexigenic responses and decreases anorexigenic responses, providing a putative mechanism explaining the diverging human findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gavin N Petrie
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of CalgaryCalgaryCanada
| | - Daniel E Heinz
- Neurohomeostasis Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital BonnBonnGermany
| | - Arashdeep Singh
- Monell Chemical Senses Center and Department of Neuroscience, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Robert J Aukema
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of CalgaryCalgaryCanada
| | - Avery C Hunker
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | | | - Hiulan Yau
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of CalgaryCalgaryCanada
| | - Martin Sticht
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of CalgaryCalgaryCanada
| | | | - Francis S Lee
- Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Larry S Zweifel
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | | | - Nils C Gassen
- Neurohomeostasis Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital BonnBonnGermany
| | - Matthew N Hill
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of CalgaryCalgaryCanada
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4
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Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) displays the unique capacity to generate heat through uncoupled oxidative phosphorylation that makes it a very attractive therapeutic target for cardiometabolic diseases. Here, we review BAT cellular metabolism, its regulation by the central nervous and endocrine systems and circulating metabolites, the plausible roles of this tissue in human thermoregulation, energy balance, and cardiometabolic disorders, and the current knowledge on its pharmacological stimulation in humans. The current definition and measurement of BAT in human studies relies almost exclusively on BAT glucose uptake from positron emission tomography with 18F-fluorodeoxiglucose, which can be dissociated from BAT thermogenic activity, as for example in insulin-resistant states. The most important energy substrate for BAT thermogenesis is its intracellular fatty acid content mobilized from sympathetic stimulation of intracellular triglyceride lipolysis. This lipolytic BAT response is intertwined with that of white adipose (WAT) and other metabolic tissues, and cannot be independently stimulated with the drugs tested thus far. BAT is an interesting and biologically plausible target that has yet to be fully and selectively activated to increase the body's thermogenic response and shift energy balance. The field of human BAT research is in need of methods able to directly, specifically, and reliably measure BAT thermogenic capacity while also tracking the related thermogenic responses in WAT and other tissues. Until this is achieved, uncertainty will remain about the role played by this fascinating tissue in human cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- André C Carpentier
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Denis P Blondin
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, J1H 5N4, Canada
| | | | - Denis Richard
- Centre de recherche de l’Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, G1V 4G5, Canada
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5
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Assis AP, Silva KE, Lautherbach N, Morgan HJN, Garófalo MAR, Zanon NM, Navegantes LCC, Chaves VE, Kettelhut IDC. Glucocorticoids decrease thermogenic capacity and increase triacylglycerol synthesis by glycerokinase activation in the brown adipose tissue of rats. Lipids 2022; 57:313-325. [PMID: 36098349 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Although it is well established that glucocorticoids inactivate thermogenesis and promote lipid accumulation in interscapular brown adipose tissue (IBAT), the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. We found that dexamethasone treatment (1 mg/kg) for 7 days in rats decreased the IBAT thermogenic activity, evidenced by its lower responsiveness to noradrenaline injection associated with reduced content of mitochondrial proteins, respiratory chain protein complexes, noradrenaline, and the β3 -adrenergic receptor. In parallel, to understand better how dexamethasone increases IBAT lipid content, we also investigated the activity of the ATP citrate lyase (ACL), a key enzyme of de novo fatty acid synthesis, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), a rate-limiting enzyme of the pentose phosphate pathway, and the three glycerol-3-P generating pathways: (1) glycolysis, estimated by 2-deoxyglucose uptake, (2) glyceroneogenesis, evaluated by phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activity and pyruvate incorporation into triacylglycerol-glycerol, and (3) direct phosphorylation of glycerol, investigated by the content and activity of glycerokinase. Dexamethasone increased the mass and the lipid content of IBAT as well as plasma levels of glucose, insulin, non-esterified fatty acid, and glycerol. Furthermore, dexamethasone increased ACL and G6PD activities (79% and 48%, respectively). Despite promoting a decrease in the incorporation of U-[14 C]-glycerol into triacylglycerol (~54%), dexamethasone increased the content (~55%) and activity (~41%) of glycerokinase without affecting glucose uptake or glyceroneogenesis. Our data suggest that glucocorticoid administration reduces IBAT thermogenesis through sympathetic inactivation and stimulates glycerokinase activity and content, contributing to increased generation of glycerol-3-P, which is mostly used to esterify fatty acid and increase triacylglycerol content promoting IBAT whitening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Assis
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Karine Emanuelle Silva
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Natalia Lautherbach
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | | | - Neusa Maria Zanon
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | | | - Isis do Carmo Kettelhut
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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6
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Haque N, Tischkau SA. Sexual Dimorphism in Adipose-Hypothalamic Crosstalk and the Contribution of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor to Regulate Energy Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147679. [PMID: 35887027 PMCID: PMC9322714 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There are fundamental sex differences in the regulation of energy homeostasis. Better understanding of the underlying mechanisms of energy balance that account for this asymmetry will assist in developing sex-specific therapies for sexually dimorphic diseases such as obesity. Multiple organs, including the hypothalamus and adipose tissue, play vital roles in the regulation of energy homeostasis, which are regulated differently in males and females. Various neuronal populations, particularly within the hypothalamus, such as arcuate nucleus (ARC), can sense nutrient content of the body by the help of peripheral hormones such leptin, derived from adipocytes, to regulate energy homeostasis. This review summarizes how adipose tissue crosstalk with homeostatic network control systems in the brain, which includes energy regulatory regions and the hypothalamic–pituitary axis, contribute to energy regulation in a sex-specific manner. Moreover, development of obesity is contingent upon diet and environmental factors. Substances from diet and environmental contaminants can exert insidious effects on energy metabolism, acting peripherally through the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). Developmental AhR activation can impart permanent alterations of neuronal development that can manifest a number of sex-specific physiological changes, which sometimes become evident only in adulthood. AhR is currently being investigated as a potential target for treating obesity. The consensus is that impaired function of the receptor protects from obesity in mice. AhR also modulates sex steroid receptors, and hence, one of the objectives of this review is to explain why investigating sex differences while examining this receptor is crucial. Overall, this review summarizes sex differences in the regulation of energy homeostasis imparted by the adipose–hypothalamic axis and examines how this axis can be affected by xenobiotics that signal through AhR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazmul Haque
- Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62702, USA;
| | - Shelley A. Tischkau
- Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62702, USA;
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62702, USA
- Correspondence:
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7
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Onogi Y, Ussar S. Regulatory networks determining substrate utilization in brown adipocytes. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2022; 33:493-506. [PMID: 35491296 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2022.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is often considered as a sink for nutrients to generate heat. However, when the complex hormonal and nervous inputs and intracellular signaling networks regulating substrate utilization are considered, BAT appears much more as a tightly controlled rheostat, regulating body temperature and balancing circulating nutrient levels. Here we provide an overview of key regulatory circuits, including the diurnal rhythm, determining glucose, fatty acid, and amino acid utilization and the interdependency of these nutrients in thermogenesis. Moreover, we discuss additional factors mediating sympathetic BAT activation beyond β-adrenergic signaling and the limitations of glucose-based BAT activity measurements to foster a better understanding and interpretation of BAT activity data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Onogi
- RG Adipocytes & Metabolism, Institute for Diabetes & Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Siegfried Ussar
- RG Adipocytes & Metabolism, Institute for Diabetes & Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.
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8
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Tholen S, Patel R, Agas A, Kovary KM, Rabiee A, Nicholls HT, Bielczyk-Maczyńska E, Yang W, Kraemer FB, Teruel MN. Flattening of circadian glucocorticoid oscillations drives acute hyperinsulinemia and adipocyte hypertrophy. Cell Rep 2022; 39:111018. [PMID: 35767959 PMCID: PMC9391061 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Disruption of circadian glucocorticoid oscillations in Cushing's disease and chronic stress results in obesity and adipocyte hypertrophy, which is believed to be a main source of the harmful effects of obesity. Here, we recapitulate stress due to jet lag or work-life imbalances by flattening glucocorticoid oscillations in mice. Within 3 days, mice achieve a metabolic state with persistently high insulin, but surprisingly low glucose and fatty acids in the bloodstream, that precedes a more than 2-fold increase in brown and white adipose tissue mass within 3 weeks. Transcriptomic and Cd36-knockout mouse analyses show that hyperinsulinemia-mediated de novo fatty acid synthesis and Cd36-mediated fatty acid uptake drive fat mass increases. Intriguingly, this mechanism by which glucocorticoid flattening causes acute hyperinsulinemia and adipocyte hypertrophy is unexpectedly beneficial in preventing high levels of circulating fatty acids and glucose for weeks, thus serving as a protective response to preserve metabolic health during chronic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Tholen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Roma Patel
- Department of Biochemistry and the Gale and Ira Drukier Institute of Children's Health, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Agnieszka Agas
- Department of Biochemistry and the Gale and Ira Drukier Institute of Children's Health, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kyle M Kovary
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Atefeh Rabiee
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Hayley T Nicholls
- Weill Center for Metabolic Health, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ewa Bielczyk-Maczyńska
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Wenting Yang
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Fredric B Kraemer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Mary N Teruel
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Biochemistry and the Gale and Ira Drukier Institute of Children's Health, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA; Weill Center for Metabolic Health, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA.
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9
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Prins K, Huisman M, McLuskey A, Mies R, Karels B, Delhanty PJD, Visser JA. Ghrelin deficiency sex-dependently affects food intake, locomotor activity, and adipose and hepatic gene expression in a binge-eating mouse model. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2022; 322:E494-E507. [PMID: 35403437 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00432.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Binge-eating disorder is the most prevalent eating disorder diagnosed, affecting three times more women than men. Ghrelin stimulates appetite and reward signaling, and loss of its receptor reduces binge-eating behavior in male mice. Here, we examined the influence of ghrelin itself on binge-eating behavior in both male and female mice. Five-wk-old wild-type (WT) and ghrelin-deficient (Ghrl-/-) mice were housed individually in indirect calorimetry cages for 9 wks. Binge-like eating was induced by giving mice ad libitum chow, but time-restricted access to a Western-style diet (WD; 2 h access, 3 days/wk) in the light phase (BE); control groups received ad libitum chow (CO), or ad libitum access to both diets (CW). All groups of BE mice showed binge-eating behavior, eating up to 60% of their 24-h intake during the WD access period. Subsequent dark phase chow intake was decreased in Ghrl-/- mice and remained decreased in Ghrl-/- females on nonbinge days. Also, nonbinge day locomotor activity was lower in Ghrl-/- than in WT BE females. Upon euthanasia, Ghrl-/- BE mice weighed less and had a lower lean body mass percentage than WT BE mice. In BE and CW groups, ghrelin and sex altered the expression of genes involved in lipid processing, thermogenesis, and aging in white adipose tissue and livers. We conclude that, although ghrelin deficiency does not hamper the development of binge-like eating, it sex-dependently alters food intake timing, locomotor activity, and metabolism. These results add to the growing body of evidence that ghrelin signaling is sexually dimorphic.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Ghrelin, a peptide hormone secreted from the gut, is involved in hunger and reward signaling, which are altered in binge-eating disorder. Although sex differences have been described in both binge-eating and ghrelin signaling, this interaction has not been fully elucidated. Here, we show that ghrelin deficiency affects the behavior and metabolism of mice in a binge-like eating paradigm, and that the sex of the mice impacts the magnitude and direction of these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Prins
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Huisman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anke McLuskey
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rosinda Mies
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bas Karels
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Patric J D Delhanty
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jenny A Visser
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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10
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Altınova AE. Beige Adipocyte as the Flame of White Adipose Tissue: Regulation of Browning and Impact of Obesity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:e1778-e1788. [PMID: 34967396 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Beige adipocyte, the third and relatively new type of adipocyte, can emerge in white adipose tissue (WAT) under thermogenic stimulations that is termed as browning of WAT. Recent studies suggest that browning of WAT deserves more attention and therapies targeting browning of WAT can be helpful for reducing obesity. Beyond the major inducers of browning, namely cold and β 3-adrenergic stimulation, beige adipocytes are affected by several factors, and excess adiposity per se may also influence the browning process. The objective of the present review is to provide an overview of recent clinical and preclinical studies on the hormonal and nonhormonal factors that affect the browning of WAT. This review further focuses on the role of obesity per se on browning process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alev Eroğlu Altınova
- Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 06500 Ankara, Turkey
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11
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Ye H, Feng B, Wang C, Saito K, Yang Y, Ibrahimi L, Schaul S, Patel N, Saenz L, Luo P, Lai P, Torres V, Kota M, Dixit D, Cai X, Qu N, Hyseni I, Yu K, Jiang Y, Tong Q, Sun Z, Arenkiel BR, He Y, Xu P, Xu Y. An estrogen-sensitive hypothalamus-midbrain neural circuit controls thermogenesis and physical activity. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabk0185. [PMID: 35044814 PMCID: PMC8769556 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abk0185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor–α (ERα) expressed by neurons in the ventrolateral subdivision of the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (ERαvlVMH) regulates body weight in females, but the downstream neural circuits mediating this biology remain largely unknown. Here we identified a neural circuit mediating the metabolic effects of ERαvlVMH neurons. We found that selective activation of ERαvlVMH neurons stimulated brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis, physical activity, and core temperature and that ERαvlVMH neurons provide monosynaptic glutamatergic inputs to 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN). Notably, the ERαvlVMH → DRN circuit responds to changes in ambient temperature and nutritional states. We further showed that 5-HTDRN neurons mediate the stimulatory effects of ERαvlVMH neurons on BAT thermogenesis and physical activity and that ERα expressed by DRN-projecting ERαvlVMH neurons is required for the maintenance of energy balance. Together, these findings support a model that ERαvlVMH neurons activate BAT thermogenesis and physical activity through stimulating 5-HTDRN neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ye
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism,
Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
60612, USA
| | - Bing Feng
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana
State University System, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - Chunmei Wang
- Children’s Nutrition Research Center,
Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030,
USA
| | - Kenji Saito
- Children’s Nutrition Research Center,
Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030,
USA
| | - Yongjie Yang
- Children’s Nutrition Research Center,
Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030,
USA
| | - Lucas Ibrahimi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism,
Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
60612, USA
| | - Sarah Schaul
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism,
Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
60612, USA
| | - Nirali Patel
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism,
Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
60612, USA
| | - Leslie Saenz
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism,
Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
60612, USA
| | - Pei Luo
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism,
Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
60612, USA
| | - Penghua Lai
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism,
Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
60612, USA
| | - Valeria Torres
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism,
Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
60612, USA
| | - Maya Kota
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism,
Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
60612, USA
| | - Devin Dixit
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism,
Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
60612, USA
| | - Xing Cai
- Children’s Nutrition Research Center,
Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030,
USA
| | - Na Qu
- Children’s Nutrition Research Center,
Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030,
USA
| | - Ilirjana Hyseni
- Children’s Nutrition Research Center,
Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030,
USA
| | - Kaifan Yu
- Children’s Nutrition Research Center,
Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030,
USA
| | - Yuwei Jiang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, The
University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Qingchun Tong
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine,
University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030,
USA
| | - Zheng Sun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Baylor College of
Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Benjamin R. Arenkiel
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor
College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yanlin He
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana
State University System, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - Pingwen Xu
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism,
Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
60612, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, The
University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Yong Xu
- Children’s Nutrition Research Center,
Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030,
USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor
College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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12
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Moraes DA, Machado RB, Koban M, Hoffman GE, Suchecki D. The Pituitary-Adrenal Response to Paradoxical Sleep Deprivation Is Similar to a Psychological Stressor, Whereas the Hypothalamic Response Is Unique. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:885909. [PMID: 35880052 PMCID: PMC9308007 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.885909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Stressors of different natures induce activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis at different magnitudes. Moreover, the HPA axis response to repeated exposure is usually distinct from that elicited by a single session. Paradoxical sleep deprivation (PSD) augments ACTH and corticosterone (CORT) levels, but the nature of this stimulus is not yet defined. The purpose of the present study was to qualitatively compare the stress response of animals submitted to PSD to that of rats exposed once or four times to cold, as a physiological stress, movement restraint (RST) as a mixed stressor and predator odour (PRED) as the psychological stressor, whilst animals were submitted for 1 or 4 days to PSD and respective control groups. None of the stressors altered corticotropin releasing factor immunoreactivity in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN), median eminence (ME) or central amygdala, compared to control groups, whereas vasopressin immunoreactivity in PSD animals was decreased in the PVN and increased in the ME, indicating augmented activity of this system. ACTH levels were higher after repeated stress or prolonged PSD than after single- or 1 day-exposure and control groups, whereas the CORT response was habituated by repeated stress, but not by 4-days PSD. This dissociation resulted in changes in the CORT : ACTH ratio, with repeated cold and RST decreasing the ratio compared to single exposure, but no change was seen in PRED and PSD groups. Comparing the magnitude and pattern of pituitary-adrenal response to the different stressors, PSD-induced responses were closer to that shown by PRED-exposed rats. In contrast, the hypothalamic response of PSD-exposed rats was unique, inasmuch as this was the only stressor which increased the activity of the vasopressin system. In conclusion, we propose that the pituitary-adrenal response to PSD is similar to that induced by a psychological stressor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo A. Moraes
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo B. Machado
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Psicossomática, Universidade Ibirapuera, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michael Koban
- Department of Biology, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Gloria E. Hoffman
- Department of Biology, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Deborah Suchecki
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Deborah Suchecki,
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13
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Uruno A, Saigusa D, Suzuki T, Yumoto A, Nakamura T, Matsukawa N, Yamazaki T, Saito R, Taguchi K, Suzuki M, Suzuki N, Otsuki A, Katsuoka F, Hishinuma E, Okada R, Koshiba S, Tomioka Y, Shimizu R, Shirakawa M, Kensler TW, Shiba D, Yamamoto M. Nrf2 plays a critical role in the metabolic response during and after spaceflight. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1381. [PMID: 34887485 PMCID: PMC8660801 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02904-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Space travel induces stresses that contribute to health problems, as well as inducing the expression of Nrf2 (NF-E2-related factor-2) target genes that mediate adaptive responses to oxidative and other stress responses. The volume of epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) in mice increases during spaceflight, a change that is attenuated by Nrf2 knockout. We conducted metabolome analyses of plasma from wild-type and Nrf2 knockout mice collected at pre-flight, in-flight and post-flight time points, as well as tissues collected post-flight to clarify the metabolic responses during and after spaceflight and the contribution of Nrf2 to these responses. Plasma glycerophospholipid and sphingolipid levels were elevated during spaceflight, whereas triacylglycerol levels were lower after spaceflight. In wild-type mouse eWAT, triacylglycerol levels were increased, but phosphatidylcholine levels were decreased, and these changes were attenuated in Nrf2 knockout mice. Transcriptome analyses revealed marked changes in the expression of lipid-related genes in the liver and eWAT after spaceflight and the effects of Nrf2 knockout on these changes. Based on these results, we concluded that space stress provokes significant responses in lipid metabolism during and after spaceflight; Nrf2 plays critical roles in these responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Uruno
- grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Department of Integrative Genomics, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan ,grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Daisuke Saigusa
- grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Department of Integrative Genomics, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan ,grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takafumi Suzuki
- grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Akane Yumoto
- JEM Utilization Center, Human Spaceflight Technology Directorate, JAXA, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Nakamura
- grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Department of Health Record Informatics, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Naomi Matsukawa
- grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Department of Integrative Genomics, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yamazaki
- grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Laboratory of Oncology, Pharmacy Practice and Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ristumi Saito
- grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Department of Integrative Genomics, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan ,grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Keiko Taguchi
- grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Department of Integrative Genomics, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan ,grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan ,grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Advanced Research Center for Innovations in Next-GEneration Medicine (INGEM), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Mikiko Suzuki
- grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan ,grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Center for Radioisotope Sciences, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Norio Suzuki
- grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Division of Oxygen Biology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Akihito Otsuki
- grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Department of Integrative Genomics, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan ,grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Fumiki Katsuoka
- grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Department of Integrative Genomics, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan ,grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan ,grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Advanced Research Center for Innovations in Next-GEneration Medicine (INGEM), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Eiji Hishinuma
- grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Department of Integrative Genomics, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan ,grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Advanced Research Center for Innovations in Next-GEneration Medicine (INGEM), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Risa Okada
- JEM Utilization Center, Human Spaceflight Technology Directorate, JAXA, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Seizo Koshiba
- grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Department of Integrative Genomics, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan ,grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Advanced Research Center for Innovations in Next-GEneration Medicine (INGEM), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Tomioka
- grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Laboratory of Oncology, Pharmacy Practice and Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ritsuko Shimizu
- grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Department of Integrative Genomics, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan ,grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Department of Molecular Hematology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masaki Shirakawa
- JEM Utilization Center, Human Spaceflight Technology Directorate, JAXA, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Thomas W. Kensler
- grid.270240.30000 0001 2180 1622Translational Research Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Dai Shiba
- JEM Utilization Center, Human Spaceflight Technology Directorate, JAXA, Tsukuba, Japan.
| | - Masayuki Yamamoto
- Department of Integrative Genomics, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan. .,Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
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14
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Chang X, Zhao Y, Qin S, Wang H, Wang B, Zhai L, Liu B, Gu HM, Zhang DW. Loss of Hepatic Surf4 Depletes Lipid Droplets in the Adrenal Cortex but Does Not Impair Adrenal Hormone Production. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:764024. [PMID: 34859075 PMCID: PMC8631933 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.764024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The adrenal gland produces steroid hormones to play essential roles in regulating various physiological processes. Our previous studies showed that knockout of hepatic Surf4 (Surf4LKO) markedly reduced fasting plasma total cholesterol levels in adult mice, including low-density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Here, we found that plasma cholesterol levels were also dramatically reduced in 4-week-old young mice and non-fasted adult mice. Circulating lipoprotein cholesterol is an important source of the substrate for the production of adrenal steroid hormones. Therefore, we investigated whether adrenal steroid hormone production was affected in Surf4LKO mice. We observed that lacking hepatic Surf4 essentially eliminated lipid droplets and significantly reduced cholesterol levels in the adrenal gland; however, plasma levels of aldosterone and corticosterone were comparable in Surf4LKO and the control mice under basal and stress conditions. Further analysis revealed that mRNA levels of genes encoding enzymes important for hormone synthesis were not altered, whereas the expression of scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI), low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase was significantly increased in the adrenal gland of Surf4LKO mice, indicating increased de novo cholesterol biosynthesis and enhanced LDLR and SR-BI-mediated lipoprotein cholesterol uptake. We also observed that the nuclear form of SREBP2 was increased in the adrenal gland of Surf4 LKO mice. Taken together, these findings indicate that the very low levels of circulating lipoprotein cholesterol in Surf4LKO mice cause a significant reduction in adrenal cholesterol levels but do not significantly affect adrenal steroid hormone production. Reduced adrenal cholesterol levels activate SREBP2 and thus increase the expression of genes involved in cholesterol biosynthesis, which increases de novo cholesterol synthesis to compensate for the loss of circulating lipoprotein-derived cholesterol in the adrenal gland of Surf4LKO mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaole Chang
- Institute of Atherosclerosis, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, China
| | - Yongfang Zhao
- Institute of Atherosclerosis, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, China
| | - Shucun Qin
- Institute of Atherosclerosis, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Institute of Atherosclerosis, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, China
| | - Bingxiang Wang
- Institute of Atherosclerosis, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, China
| | - Lei Zhai
- Institute of Atherosclerosis, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, China
| | - Boyan Liu
- Institute of Atherosclerosis, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, China
| | - Hong-Mei Gu
- Department of Pediatrics and Group on the Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Da-Wei Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics and Group on the Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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15
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Luo L, Wang L, Luo Y, Romero E, Yang X, Liu M. Glucocorticoid/Adiponectin Axis Mediates Full Activation of Cold-Induced Beige Fat Thermogenesis. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1573. [PMID: 34827571 PMCID: PMC8615797 DOI: 10.3390/biom11111573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs), a class of corticosteroids produced by the adrenal cortex in response to stress, exert obesity-promoting effects. Although adaptive thermogenesis has been considered an effective approach to counteract obesity, whether GCs play a role in regulating cold stress-induced thermogenesis remains incompletely understood. Here, we show that the circulating levels of stress hormone corticosterone (GC in rodents) were significantly elevated, whereas the levels of adiponectin, an adipokine that was linked to cold-induced adaptive thermogenesis, were decreased 48 h post cold exposure. The administration of a glucocorticoid hydrocortisone downregulated adiponectin protein and mRNA levels in both WAT and white adipocytes, and upregulated thermogenic gene expression in inguinal fat. In contrast, mifepristone, a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, enhanced adiponectin expression and suppressed energy expenditure in vivo. Mechanistically, hydrocortisone suppressed adiponectin expression by antagonizing PPARγ in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Ultimately, adiponectin deficiency restored mifepristone-decreased oxygen consumption and suppressed the expression of thermogenic genes in inguinal fat. Taken together, our study reveals that the GCs/adiponectin axis is a key regulator of beige fat thermogenesis in response to acute cold stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Luo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (L.L.); (L.W.); (Y.L.); (E.R.); (X.Y.)
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (L.L.); (L.W.); (Y.L.); (E.R.); (X.Y.)
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Yan Luo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (L.L.); (L.W.); (Y.L.); (E.R.); (X.Y.)
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
- Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Estevan Romero
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (L.L.); (L.W.); (Y.L.); (E.R.); (X.Y.)
| | - Xin Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (L.L.); (L.W.); (Y.L.); (E.R.); (X.Y.)
| | - Meilian Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (L.L.); (L.W.); (Y.L.); (E.R.); (X.Y.)
- Autophagy, Inflammation and Metabolism Center, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
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16
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Hasenmajer V, Bonaventura I, Minnetti M, Sada V, Sbardella E, Isidori AM. Non-Canonical Effects of ACTH: Insights Into Adrenal Insufficiency. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:701263. [PMID: 34489864 PMCID: PMC8416901 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.701263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) is produced from proopiomelanocortin, which is predominantly synthetized in the corticotroph and melanotroph cells of the anterior and intermediate lobes of the pituitary gland and the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus. Although ACTH clearly has an effect on adrenal homeostasis and maintenance of steroid hormone production, it also has extra-adrenal effects that require further elucidation. Methods We comprehensively reviewed English language articles, regardless of whether they reported the presence or absence of adrenal and extra-adrenal ACTH effects. Results In the present review, we provide an overview on the current knowledge on adrenal and extra-adrenal effects of ACTH. In the section on adrenal ACTH effects, we focused on corticosteroid rhythmicity and effects on steroidogenesis, mineralocorticoids and adrenal growth. In the section on extra-adrenal effects, we have analyzed the effects of ACTH on the osteoarticular and reproductive systems, adipocytes, immune system, brain and skin. Finally, we focused on adrenal insufficiency. Conclusions The role of ACTH in maintaining the function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis is well known. Conversely, if we broaden our vision and analyze its role as a potential treatment strategy in other conditions, it will be evident in the literature that researchers seem to have abandoned this aspect in studies conducted several years ago. We believe it is worth re-evaluating the role of ACTH considering its noncanonical effects on the adrenal gland itself and on extra-adrenal organs and tissues; however, this would not have been possible without the recent advances in the pertinent technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Andrea M. Isidori
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome - Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, Rome, Italy
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17
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Havenstein N, Langer F, Weiler U, Stefanski V, Fietz J. Bridging environment, physiology and life history: Stress hormones in a small hibernator. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 533:111315. [PMID: 34052302 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Our knowledge of the perception of stress and its implications for animals in the wild is limited, especially in regard to mammals. The aim of this study was therefore to identify sex specific effects of reproductive activity, body mass, food availability and hibernation on stress hormone levels in the edible dormouse (Glis glis), a small mammalian hibernator. Results of our study reveal that reproductive activity and pre-hibernation fattening were associated with high cortisol levels in both sexes. During the mating season, in particular individuals with low body masses had higher stress levels. Elevated levels of cortisol during pre-hibernation fattening were even higher in females that had formerly invested into reproduction compared to non-reproductive females. Previously observed impairments on health parameters and reduced survival rates associated with reproduction emphasize the functional relevance of high stress hormone levels for fitness. Prolonged food limitation, however, did not affect stress levels demonstrating the ability of dormice to predict and cope with food restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Havenstein
- Institute of Biology, Dep. Zoology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany; Institute of Behavioral Physiology of Livestock, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Franz Langer
- Institute of Biology, Dep. Zoology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany; Institute of Behavioral Physiology of Livestock, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Ulrike Weiler
- Institute of Behavioral Physiology of Livestock, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Volker Stefanski
- Institute of Behavioral Physiology of Livestock, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Joanna Fietz
- Institute of Biology, Dep. Zoology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany; Institute of Behavioral Physiology of Livestock, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany.
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18
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Straat ME, Hogenboom R, Boon MR, Rensen PCN, Kooijman S. Circadian control of brown adipose tissue. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2021; 1866:158961. [PMID: 33933649 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2021.158961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Disruption of circadian (~24 h) rhythms is associated with an increased risk of cardiometabolic diseases. Therefore, unravelling how circadian rhythms are regulated in different metabolic tissues has become a prominent research focus. Of particular interest is brown adipose tissue (BAT), which combusts triglyceride-derived fatty acids and glucose into heat and displays a circannual and diurnal rhythm in its thermogenic activity. In this review, the genetic, neuronal and endocrine generation of these rhythms in BAT is discussed. In addition, the potential risks of disruption or attenuation of these rhythms in BAT, and possible factors influencing these rhythms, are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maaike E Straat
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Rick Hogenboom
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Mariëtte R Boon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Patrick C N Rensen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Sander Kooijman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
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19
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A physiological glucocorticoid rhythm is an important regulator of brown adipose tissue function. Mol Metab 2021; 47:101179. [PMID: 33548499 PMCID: PMC7907824 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Brown adipose tissue (BAT) displays a strong circadian rhythm in metabolic activity, but it is unclear how this rhythm is regulated. As circulating levels of corticosterone coincide with the rhythm of triglyceride-derived fatty acid (FA) uptake by BAT, we investigated whether corticosterone regulates BAT circadian rhythm. Methods Corticosterone levels were flattened by implanting mice with subcutaneous corticosterone-releasing pellets, resulting in constant circulating corticosterone levels. Results Flattened corticosterone rhythm caused a complete loss of circadian rhythm in triglyceride-derived fatty acid uptake by BAT. This effect was independent of glucocorticoid receptor expression in (brown) adipocytes and was not caused by deregulation of clock gene expression or overexposure to glucocorticoids, but rather seemed mediated by reduced sympathetic innervation of BAT. In a mouse model of hyperlipidemia and metabolic syndrome, long-term experimental flattening of corticosterone − and thus rhythm in BAT function − resulted in adiposity. Conclusions This study highlights that a physiological rhythm in glucocorticoids is an important regulator of BAT function and essential for the maintenance of metabolic health. Flattening of corticosterone rhythm blunts circadian activity of brown adipose tissue. Disturbed corticosterone rhythm − rather than overexposure− is responsible for blunted brown adipose tissue activity. The metabolic effect of flattened corticosterone levels is independent of adipocyte glucocorticoid receptor expression. Long-term flattening of corticosterone levels results in increased adiposity in a female mouse model for metabolic syndrome.
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20
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Kaikaew K, Grefhorst A, Visser JA. Sex Differences in Brown Adipose Tissue Function: Sex Hormones, Glucocorticoids, and Their Crosstalk. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:652444. [PMID: 33927694 PMCID: PMC8078866 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.652444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive fat accumulation in the body causes overweight and obesity. To date, research has confirmed that there are two types of adipose tissue with opposing functions: lipid-storing white adipose tissue (WAT) and lipid-burning brown adipose tissue (BAT). After the rediscovery of the presence of metabolically active BAT in adults, BAT has received increasing attention especially since activation of BAT is considered a promising way to combat obesity and associated comorbidities. It has become clear that energy homeostasis differs between the sexes, which has a significant impact on the development of pathological conditions such as type 2 diabetes. Sex differences in BAT activity may contribute to this and, therefore, it is important to address the underlying mechanisms that contribute to sex differences in BAT activity. In this review, we discuss the role of sex hormones in the regulation of BAT activity under physiological and some pathological conditions. Given the increasing number of studies suggesting a crosstalk between sex hormones and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in metabolism, we also discuss this crosstalk in relation to sex differences in BAT activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasiphak Kaikaew
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Aldo Grefhorst
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jenny A. Visser
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Jenny A. Visser,
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21
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Liposomal Delivery Improves the Efficacy of Prednisolone to Attenuate Renal Inflammation in a Mouse Model of Acute Renal Allograft Rejection. Transplantation 2020; 104:744-753. [PMID: 31929419 PMCID: PMC7147400 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000003060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Background. Systemic exposure to high-dose corticosteroids effectively combats acute rejection after kidney transplantation, but at the cost of substantial side effects. In this study, a murine acute renal allograft rejection model was used to investigate whether liposomal-encapsulated prednisolone (LP) facilitates local exposure to enhance its therapeutic effect. Methods. Male BalbC recipients received renal allografts from male C57BL/6J donors. Recipients were injected daily with 5 mg/kg cyclosporine A and received either 10 mg/kg prednisolone (P), or LP intravenously on day 0, 3, and 6, or no additional treatment. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was performed on day 6 to study allograft perfusion and organs were retrieved on day 7 for further analysis. Results. Staining of polyethylene-glycol-labeled liposomes and high performance liquid chromatography analysis revealed accumulation in the LP treated allograft. LP treatment induced the expression of glucocorticoid responsive gene Fkbp5 in the allograft. Flow-cytometry of allografts revealed liposome presence in CD45+ cells, and reduced numbers of F4/80+ macrophages, and CD3+ T-lymphocytes upon LP treatment. Banff scoring showed reduced interstitial inflammation and tubulitis and fMRI analysis revealed improved allograft perfusion in LP versus NA mice. Conclusions. Liposomal delivery of prednisolone improved renal bio-availability, increased perfusion and reduced cellular infiltrate in the allograft, when compared with conventional prednisolone. Clinical studies should reveal if treatment with LP results in improved efficacy and reduced side effects in patients with renal allograft rejection.
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22
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Dodd GT, Xirouchaki CE, Eramo M, Mitchell CA, Andrews ZB, Henry BA, Cowley MA, Tiganis T. Intranasal Targeting of Hypothalamic PTP1B and TCPTP Reinstates Leptin and Insulin Sensitivity and Promotes Weight Loss in Obesity. Cell Rep 2020; 28:2905-2922.e5. [PMID: 31509751 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of hypothalamic leptin and insulin resistance in the development and maintenance of obesity remains unclear. The tyrosine phosphatases protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) and T cell protein tyrosine phosphatase (TCPTP) attenuate leptin and insulin signaling and are elevated in the hypothalami of obese mice. We report that elevated PTP1B and TCPTP antagonize hypothalamic leptin and insulin signaling and contribute to the maintenance of obesity. Deletion of PTP1B and TCPTP in the hypothalami of obese mice enhances CNS leptin and insulin sensitivity, represses feeding, and increases browning, to decrease adiposity and improve glucose metabolism. The daily intranasal administration of a PTP1B inhibitor, plus the glucocorticoid antagonist RU486 that decreases TCPTP expression, represses feeding, increases browning, promotes weight loss, and improves glucose metabolism in obese mice. Our findings causally link heightened hypothalamic PTP1B and TCPTP with leptin and insulin resistance and the maintenance of obesity and define a viable pharmacological approach by which to promote weight loss in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garron T Dodd
- Metabolism, Diabetes and Obesity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Chrysovalantou E Xirouchaki
- Metabolism, Diabetes and Obesity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Matthew Eramo
- Metabolism, Diabetes and Obesity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Christina A Mitchell
- Metabolism, Diabetes and Obesity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Zane B Andrews
- Metabolism, Diabetes and Obesity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Department of Physiology, Monash University, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Belinda A Henry
- Metabolism, Diabetes and Obesity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Department of Physiology, Monash University, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Michael A Cowley
- Metabolism, Diabetes and Obesity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Department of Physiology, Monash University, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Tony Tiganis
- Metabolism, Diabetes and Obesity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Monash Metabolic Phenotyping Facility, Monash University, VIC, Australia; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.
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23
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Luijten IHN, Brooks K, Boulet N, Shabalina IG, Jaiprakash A, Carlsson B, Fischer AW, Cannon B, Nedergaard J. Glucocorticoid-Induced Obesity Develops Independently of UCP1. Cell Rep 2020; 27:1686-1698.e5. [PMID: 31067456 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
An excess of glucocorticoids leads to the development of obesity in both mice and humans, but the mechanism for this is unknown. Here, we determine the extent to which decreased BAT thermogenic capacity (as a result of glucocorticoid treatment) contributes to the development of obesity. Contrary to previous suggestions, we show that only in mice housed at thermoneutrality (30°C) does corticosterone treatment reduce total BAT UCP1 protein. This reduction is reflected in reduced brown adipocyte cellular and mitochondrial UCP1-dependent respiration. However, glucocorticoid-induced obesity develops to the same extent in animals housed at 21°C and 30°C, whereas total BAT UCP1 protein levels differ 100-fold between the two groups. In corticosterone-treated wild-type and UCP1 knockout mice housed at 30°C, obesity also develops to the same extent. Thus, our results demonstrate that the development of glucocorticoid-induced obesity is not caused by a decreased UCP1-dependent thermogenic capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ineke H N Luijten
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, the Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Katie Brooks
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, the Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nathalie Boulet
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, the Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Irina G Shabalina
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, the Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ankita Jaiprakash
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, the Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bo Carlsson
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, the Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alexander W Fischer
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, the Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Barbara Cannon
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, the Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan Nedergaard
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, the Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
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24
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Liu T, Mi L, Xiong J, Orchard P, Yu Q, Yu L, Zhao XY, Meng ZX, Parker SCJ, Lin JD, Li S. BAF60a deficiency uncouples chromatin accessibility and cold sensitivity from white fat browning. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2379. [PMID: 32404872 PMCID: PMC7221096 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16148-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Brown and beige fat share a remarkably similar transcriptional program that supports fuel oxidation and thermogenesis. The chromatin-remodeling machinery that governs genome accessibility and renders adipocytes poised for thermogenic activation remains elusive. Here we show that BAF60a, a subunit of the SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling complexes, serves an indispensable role in cold-induced thermogenesis in brown fat. BAF60a maintains chromatin accessibility at PPARγ and EBF2 binding sites for key thermogenic genes. Surprisingly, fat-specific BAF60a inactivation triggers more pronounced cold-induced browning of inguinal white adipose tissue that is linked to induction of MC2R, a receptor for the pituitary hormone ACTH. Elevated MC2R expression sensitizes adipocytes and BAF60a-deficient adipose tissue to thermogenic activation in response to ACTH stimulation. These observations reveal an unexpected dichotomous role of BAF60a-mediated chromatin remodeling in transcriptional control of brown and beige gene programs and illustrate a pituitary-adipose signaling axis in the control of thermogenesis.
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MESH Headings
- Adipocytes, Brown/drug effects
- Adipocytes, Brown/metabolism
- Adipocytes, Brown/ultrastructure
- Adipose Tissue, Beige/metabolism
- Adipose Tissue, Brown/drug effects
- Adipose Tissue, Brown/metabolism
- Adipose Tissue, White/drug effects
- Adipose Tissue, White/metabolism
- Adrenocorticotropic Hormone/pharmacology
- Animals
- Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Binding Sites/genetics
- Cells, Cultured
- Chromatin/genetics
- Chromatin/metabolism
- Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone/deficiency
- Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone/genetics
- Cold Temperature
- Gene Expression/drug effects
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Transgenic
- Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha/metabolism
- Thermogenesis/drug effects
- Thermogenesis/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongyu Liu
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Lin Mi
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Jing Xiong
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Peter Orchard
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Qi Yu
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Lei Yu
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Xu-Yun Zhao
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Zhuo-Xian Meng
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
- Chronic Disease Research Institute of School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Stephen C J Parker
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Jiandie D Lin
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Siming Li
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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25
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Borghi F, Silva C, da Silva PC, Ferrucci DL, Morais CL, Conceição-Vertamatti AG, Carvalho HF, Fonseca MDC, Vieira AS, Grassi-Kassisse DM. The influence of hypertensive environment on adipose tissue remodeling measured by fluorescence lifetime imaging in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 506:110758. [PMID: 32057944 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.110758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
There is a lack of information correlating low adiposity with hypertension experienced by Spontaneous Hypertensive Rats (SHR) or overweight and normotension in Wistar-Kyoto (WKY). We aimed to investigate this lipodystrophy phenomenon by measuring fluorescence lifetime (FLIM), optical redox ratio (ORR), serum levels of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) and/or hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) hormones axes between Wistar, WKY and SHR before and after establishment of hypertension. Under high blood pressure, we evaluated serum adipokines. Brown adipose tissue was characterized as lower ORR and shorter FLIM compared to white adipose tissue. HPT axis showed a crucial role in the SHR adipose tissue configuration by attenuating whitening. The increased adiposity in WKY may act as a preventive agent for hypertension, since SHR, with low adiposity, establishes the disease. The hypertensive environment can highlight key adipokines that may result in new therapeutic approaches to the treatment of adiposity dysfunctions and hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipy Borghi
- LABEEST, Laboratory of Stress Study, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, 13083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Carolina Silva
- LABEEST, Laboratory of Stress Study, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, 13083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Priscila Cristina da Silva
- LABEEST, Laboratory of Stress Study, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, 13083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Danilo Lopes Ferrucci
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, 13083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Camila Lidiane Morais
- LABEEST, Laboratory of Stress Study, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, 13083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Gabriela Conceição-Vertamatti
- LABEEST, Laboratory of Stress Study, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, 13083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Hernandes Faustino Carvalho
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, 13083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Matheus de Castro Fonseca
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), 13083-970, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - André Schwambach Vieira
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, 13083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Dora Maria Grassi-Kassisse
- LABEEST, Laboratory of Stress Study, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, 13083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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26
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Ceddia RP, Collins S. A compendium of G-protein-coupled receptors and cyclic nucleotide regulation of adipose tissue metabolism and energy expenditure. Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 134:473-512. [PMID: 32149342 PMCID: PMC9137350 DOI: 10.1042/cs20190579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
With the ever-increasing burden of obesity and Type 2 diabetes, it is generally acknowledged that there remains a need for developing new therapeutics. One potential mechanism to combat obesity is to raise energy expenditure via increasing the amount of uncoupled respiration from the mitochondria-rich brown and beige adipocytes. With the recent appreciation of thermogenic adipocytes in humans, much effort is being made to elucidate the signaling pathways that regulate the browning of adipose tissue. In this review, we focus on the ligand-receptor signaling pathways that influence the cyclic nucleotides, cAMP and cGMP, in adipocytes. We chose to focus on G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), guanylyl cyclase and phosphodiesterase regulation of adipocytes because they are the targets of a large proportion of all currently available therapeutics. Furthermore, there is a large overlap in their signaling pathways, as signaling events that raise cAMP or cGMP generally increase adipocyte lipolysis and cause changes that are commonly referred to as browning: increasing mitochondrial biogenesis, uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) expression and respiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan P Ceddia
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, U.S.A
| | - Sheila Collins
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, U.S.A
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27
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Häusl AS, Balsevich G, Gassen NC, Schmidt MV. Focus on FKBP51: A molecular link between stress and metabolic disorders. Mol Metab 2019; 29:170-181. [PMID: 31668388 PMCID: PMC6812026 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2019.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity, Type 2 diabetes (T2D) as well as stress-related disorders are rising public health threats and major burdens for modern society. Chronic stress and depression are highly associated with symptoms of the metabolic syndrome, but the molecular link is still not fully understood. Furthermore, therapies tackling these biological disorders are still lacking. The identification of shared molecular targets underlying both pathophysiologies may lead to the development of new treatments. The FK506 binding protein 51 (FKBP51) has recently been identified as a promising therapeutic target for stress-related psychiatric disorders and obesity-related metabolic outcomes. SCOPE OF THE REVIEW The aim of this review is to summarize current evidence of in vitro, preclinical, and human studies on the stress responsive protein FKBP51, focusing on its newly discovered role in metabolism. Also, we highlight the therapeutic potential of FKBP51 as a new treatment target for symptoms of the metabolic syndrome. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS We conclude the review by emphasizing missing knowledge gaps that remain and future research opportunities needed to implement FKBP51 as a drug target for stress-related obesity or T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S Häusl
- Research Group Neurobiology of Stress Resilience, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804, Munich, Germany.
| | - Georgia Balsevich
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Ab T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Nils C Gassen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Bonn Clinical Center, University of Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany; Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804, Munich, Germany
| | - Mathias V Schmidt
- Research Group Neurobiology of Stress Resilience, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804, Munich, Germany.
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Kaikaew K, Steenbergen J, van Dijk TH, Grefhorst A, Visser JA. Sex Difference in Corticosterone-Induced Insulin Resistance in Mice. Endocrinology 2019; 160:2367-2387. [PMID: 31265057 PMCID: PMC6760317 DOI: 10.1210/en.2019-00194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Prolonged exposure to glucocorticoids (GCs) causes various metabolic derangements. These include obesity and insulin resistance, as inhibiting glucose utilization in adipose tissues is a major function of GCs. Although adipose tissue distribution and glucose homeostasis are sex-dependently regulated, it has not been evaluated whether GCs affect glucose metabolism and adipose tissue functions in a sex-dependent manner. In this study, high-dose corticosterone (rodent GC) treatment in C57BL/6J mice resulted in nonfasting hyperglycemia in male mice only, whereas both sexes displayed hyperinsulinemia with normal fasting glucose levels, indicative of insulin resistance. Metabolic testing using stable isotope-labeled glucose techniques revealed a sex-specific corticosterone-driven glucose intolerance. Corticosterone treatment increased adipose tissue mass in both sexes, which was reflected by elevated serum leptin levels. However, female mice showed more metabolically protective adaptations of adipose tissues than did male mice, demonstrated by higher serum total and high-molecular-weight adiponectin levels, more hyperplastic morphological changes, and a stronger increase in mRNA expression of adipogenic differentiation markers. Subsequently, in vitro studies in 3T3-L1 (white) and T37i (brown) adipocytes suggest that the increased leptin and adiponectin levels were mainly driven by the elevated insulin levels. In summary, this study demonstrates that GC-induced insulin resistance is more severe in male mice than in female mice, which can be partially explained by a sex-dependent adaptation of adipose tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasiphak Kaikaew
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jacobie Steenbergen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Theo H van Dijk
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Aldo Grefhorst
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jenny A Visser
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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Luijten IHN, Cannon B, Nedergaard J. Glucocorticoids and Brown Adipose Tissue: Do glucocorticoids really inhibit thermogenesis? Mol Aspects Med 2019; 68:42-59. [PMID: 31323252 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2019.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A reduction in the thermogenic activity of brown adipose tissue (BAT) is presently discussed as a possible determinant for the development of obesity in humans. One group of endogenous factors that could potentially affect BAT activity is the glucocorticoids (e.g. cortisol). We analyse here studies examining the effects of alterations in glucocorticoid signaling on BAT recruitment and thermogenic capacity. We find that irrespective of which manipulation of glucocorticoid signaling is examined, a seemingly homogeneous picture of lowered thermogenic capacity due to glucocorticoid stimulation is apparently obtained: e.g. lowered uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) protein levels per mg protein, and an increased lipid accumulation in BAT. However, further analyses generally indicate that these effects result from a dilution effect rather than a true decrease in total capacity; the tissue may thus be said to be in a state of pseudo-atrophy. However, under conditions of very low physiological stimulation of BAT, glucocorticoids may truly inhibit Ucp1 gene expression and consequently lower total UCP1 protein levels, but the metabolic effects of this reduction are probably minor. It is thus unlikely that glucocorticoids affect organismal metabolism and induce the development of obesity through alterations of BAT activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ineke H N Luijten
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Barbara Cannon
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan Nedergaard
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Abu-Samak MS, AbuRuz ME, Masa'Deh R, Khuzai R, Jarrah S. Correlation of selected stress associated factors with vitamin D deficiency in Jordanian men and women. Int J Gen Med 2019; 12:225-233. [PMID: 31303782 PMCID: PMC6612048 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s198175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: To identify stress associated factors for vitamin D deficiency (VDD) in healthy Jordanian people based on serum 25(OH)D levels. Design: Prospective cohort study. Methods: Three hundred and seventy-one Jordanian men and women aged 17–52 years, who were identified as VD deficient 25(OH)D <30 ng/mL, were eligible to participate in the study. Serum vitamin 25(OH) D was measured using chemiluminescent immunoassay. Cortisol, parathyroid hormone, calcium, phosphate, fasting lipid profile, and blood glucose were also analyzed. Questionnaires were used to collect lifestyles parameters. Anthropometric parameters including: body mass index (BMI), waist (W) and hip (H) circumferences, W/H ratio (WHR) were also calculated. Results: The vast majority (91%) of the participants had vitamin D deficiency (25- (OH) D <30 ng/mL). Positive correlations were observed between vitamin D deficiency and the following anthropometric parameters in all study sample; gender (P=0.010), height (P=0.22), height/hip ratio (P=0.015) and waist/hip ratio (P=0.013). Lifestyle parameters that indicated very weak positive correlations with VDD were number of family members (P=0.011) and insufficient exposure to sunlight (P=0.023). The following clinical parameters showed weak or very weak correlations with VDD; serum cortisol (r=0.318), low density lipoprotein (r=0.246) and total cholesterol (r=0.133). Skin color and water pipe tobacco smoking were added to the multivariable stepwise regression analyses as they have been weakly correlated with VDD. These predictors together explained only 12.2% of the variance in serum cortisol levels in the VDD study sample. Conclusion: A weak positive association between VDD and elevated serum cortisol was observed in this study. Subcutaneous changes may be involved in that association but further studies are needed to clarify a potential role for adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud S Abu-Samak
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Mohannad Eid AbuRuz
- Department of Clinical Nursing, School of Nursing, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Rami Masa'Deh
- Department of Clinical Nursing, School of Nursing, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Rula Khuzai
- Department of Clinical Nursing, School of Nursing, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Samiha Jarrah
- Department of Clinical Nursing, School of Nursing, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
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31
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Duque-Díaz E, Alvarez-Ojeda O, Coveñas R. Enkephalins and ACTH in the mammalian nervous system. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2019; 111:147-193. [PMID: 31421699 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The pentapeptides methionine-enkephalin and leucine-enkephalin belong to the opioid family of peptides, and the non-opiate peptide adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH) to the melanocortin peptide family. Enkephalins/ACTH are derived from pro-enkephalin, pro-dynorphin or pro-opiomelanocortin precursors and, via opioid and melanocortin receptors, are responsible for many biological activities. Enkephalins exhibit the highest affinity for the δ receptor, followed by the μ and κ receptors, whereas ACTH binds to the five subtypes of melanocortin receptor, and is the only member of the melanocortin family of peptides that binds to the melanocortin-receptor 2 (ACTH receptor). Enkephalins/ACTH and their receptors exhibit a widespread anatomical distribution. Enkephalins are involved in analgesia, angiogenesis, blood pressure, embryonic development, emotional behavior, feeding, hypoxia, limbic system modulation, neuroprotection, peristalsis, and wound repair; as well as in hepatoprotective, motor, neuroendocrine and respiratory mechanisms. ACTH plays a role in acetylcholine release, aggressive behavior, blood pressure, bone maintenance, hyperalgesia, feeding, fever, grooming, learning, lipolysis, memory, nerve injury repair, neuroprotection, sexual behavior, sleep, social behavior, tissue growth and stimulates the synthesis and secretion of glucocorticoids. Enkephalins/ACTH are also involved in many pathologies. Enkephalins are implicated in alcoholism, cancer, colitis, depression, heart failure, Huntington's disease, influenza A virus infection, ischemia, multiple sclerosis, and stress. ACTH plays a role in Addison's disease, alcoholism, cancer, Cushing's disease, dermatitis, encephalitis, epilepsy, Graves' disease, Guillain-Barré syndrome, multiple sclerosis, podocytopathies, and stress. In this review, we provide an updated description of the enkephalinergic and ACTH systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewing Duque-Díaz
- Universidad de Santander UDES, Laboratory of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Bucaramanga, Colombia.
| | - Olga Alvarez-Ojeda
- Universidad Industrial de Santander, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Rafael Coveñas
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy of the Peptidergic Systems, Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla y León (INCYL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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Matsumura S, Odanaka M, Ishikawa F, Sasaki T, Manio MCC, Fushiki T, Inoue K. Chronic high corticosterone with voluntary corn oil ingestion induces significant body weight gain in mice. Physiol Behav 2019; 204:112-120. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Mousovich‐Neto F, Matos MS, Costa ACR, Melo Reis RA, Atella GC, Miranda‐Alves L, Carvalho DP, Ketzer LA, Corrêa da Costa VM. Brown adipose tissue remodelling induced by corticosterone in male Wistar rats. Exp Physiol 2019; 104:514-528. [DOI: 10.1113/ep087332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Felippe Mousovich‐Neto
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina Doris Rosenthal Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brasil
| | - Marina Souza Matos
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina Doris Rosenthal Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brasil
| | - Anna Carolina Rego Costa
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brasil
| | - Ricardo Augusto Melo Reis
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brasil
| | - Georgia Correa Atella
- Laboratório de Bioquímica de Lipídeos e Lipoproteínas Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brasil
| | - Leandro Miranda‐Alves
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brasil
| | - Denise P. Carvalho
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina Doris Rosenthal Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brasil
| | - Luisa Andrea Ketzer
- Núcleo Multidisciplinar de Pesquisa UFRJ‐Xerém em Biologia Campus Duque de Caxias Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brasil
| | - Vânia Maria Corrêa da Costa
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina Doris Rosenthal Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brasil
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Schnabl K, Westermeier J, Li Y, Klingenspor M. Opposing Actions of Adrenocorticotropic Hormone and Glucocorticoids on UCP1-Mediated Respiration in Brown Adipocytes. Front Physiol 2019; 9:1931. [PMID: 30705635 PMCID: PMC6344423 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Brown fat is a potential target in the treatment of metabolic disorders as recruitment and activation of this thermogenic organ increases energy expenditure and promotes satiation. A large variety of G-protein coupled receptors, known as classical drug targets in pharmacotherapy, is expressed in brown adipocytes. In the present study, we analyzed transcriptome data for the expression of these receptors to identify potential pathways for the recruitment and activation of thermogenic capacity in brown fat. Our analysis revealed 12 Gs-coupled receptors abundantly expressed in murine brown fat. We screened ligands for these receptors in brown adipocytes for their ability to stimulate UCP1-mediated respiration and Ucp1 gene expression. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), a ligand for the melanocortin 2 receptor (MC2R), turned out to be the most potent activator of UCP1 whereas its capability to stimulate Ucp1 gene expression was comparably low. Adrenocorticotropic hormone is the glandotropic hormone of the endocrine hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal-axis stimulating the release of glucocorticoids in response to stress. In primary brown adipocytes ACTH acutely increased the cellular respiration rate similar to isoproterenol, a β-adrenergic receptor agonist. The effect of ACTH on brown adipocyte respiration was mediated via the MC2R as confirmed by using an antagonist. Inhibitor-based studies revealed that ACTH-induced respiration was dependent on protein kinase A and lipolysis, compatible with a rise of intracellular cAMP in response to ACTH. Furthermore, it is dependent on UCP1, as cells from UCP1-knockout mice did not respond. Taken together, ACTH is a non-adrenergic activator of murine brown adipocytes, initiating the canonical adenylyl cyclase–cAMP–protein kinase A-lipolysis-UCP1 pathway, and thus a potential target for the recruitment and activation of thermogenic capacity. Based on these findings in primary cell culture, the physiological significance might be that cold-induced ACTH in concert with norepinephrine released from sympathetic nerves contributes to BAT thermogenesis. Notably, dexamethasone attenuated isoproterenol-induced respiration. This effect increased gradually with the duration of pretreatment. In vivo, glucocorticoid release triggered by ACTH might oppose beta-adrenergic stimulation of metabolic fuel combustion in BAT and limit stress-induced hyperthermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Schnabl
- Chair for Molecular Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany.,EKFZ - Else Kröner-Fresenius Zentrum for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany.,ZIEL - Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Julia Westermeier
- Chair for Molecular Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany.,EKFZ - Else Kröner-Fresenius Zentrum for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Yongguo Li
- Chair for Molecular Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany.,EKFZ - Else Kröner-Fresenius Zentrum for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Martin Klingenspor
- Chair for Molecular Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany.,EKFZ - Else Kröner-Fresenius Zentrum for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany.,ZIEL - Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
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35
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Chondronikola M, Sidossis LS. Brown and beige fat: From molecules to physiology. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2019; 1864:91-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2018.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Revised: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Abstract
Glucocorticoids are steroid hormones that play a key role in metabolic adaptations during stress, such as fasting and starvation, in order to maintain plasma glucose levels. Excess and chronic glucocorticoid exposure, however, causes metabolic syndrome including insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and hyperglycemia. Studies in animal models of metabolic disorders frequently demonstrate that suppressing glucocorticoid signaling improves insulin sensitivity and metabolic profiles. Glucocorticoids convey their signals through an intracellular glucocorticoid receptor (GR), which is a transcriptional regulator. The adipocyte is one cell type that contributes to whole body metabolic homeostasis under the influence of GR. Glucocorticoids' functions on adipose tissues are complex. Depending on various physiological or pathophysiological states as well as distinct fat depots, glucocorticoids can either increase or decrease lipid storage in adipose tissues. In rodents, glucocorticoids have been shown to reduce the thermogenic activity of brown adipocytes. However, in human acute glucocorticoid exposure, glucocorticoids act to promote thermogenesis. In this article, we will review the recent studies on the mechanisms underlying the complex metabolic functions of GR in adipocytes. These include studies of the metabolic outcomes of adipocyte specific GR knockout mice and identification of novel GR primary target genes that mediate glucocorticoid action in adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A Lee
- Endocrinology Graduate Program and Department of Nutritional Science & Toxicology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3104, USA
| | - Charles A Harris
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | - Jen-Chywan Wang
- Endocrinology Graduate Program and Department of Nutritional Science & Toxicology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3104, USA
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37
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Grant AD, Wilsterman K, Smarr BL, Kriegsfeld LJ. Evidence for a Coupled Oscillator Model of Endocrine Ultradian Rhythms. J Biol Rhythms 2018; 33:475-496. [PMID: 30132387 DOI: 10.1177/0748730418791423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Whereas long-period temporal structures in endocrine dynamics have been well studied, endocrine rhythms on the scale of hours are relatively unexplored. The study of these ultradian rhythms (URs) has remained nascent, in part, because a theoretical framework unifying ultradian patterns across systems has not been established. The present overview proposes a conceptual coupled oscillator network model of URs in which oscillating hormonal outputs, or nodes, are connected by edges representing the strength of node-node coupling. We propose that variable-strength coupling exists both within and across classic hormonal axes. Because coupled oscillators synchronize, such a model implies that changes across hormonal systems could be inferred by surveying accessible nodes in the network. This implication would at once simplify the study of URs and open new avenues of exploration into conditions affecting coupling. In support of this proposed framework, we review mammalian evidence for (1) URs of the gut-brain axis and the hypothalamo-pituitary-thyroid, -adrenal, and -gonadal axes, (2) UR coupling within and across these axes; and (3) the relation of these URs to body temperature. URs across these systems exhibit behavior broadly consistent with a coupled oscillator network, maintaining both consistent URs and coupling within and across axes. This model may aid the exploration of mammalian physiology at high temporal resolution and improve the understanding of endocrine system dynamics within individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azure D Grant
- The Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California
| | - Kathryn Wilsterman
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California
| | - Benjamin L Smarr
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, California
| | - Lance J Kriegsfeld
- The Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California.,Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, California
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Grefhorst A, van den Beukel JC, Dijk W, Steenbergen J, Voortman GJ, Leeuwenburgh S, Visser TJ, Kersten S, Friesema ECH, Themmen APN, Visser JA. Multiple effects of cold exposure on livers of male mice. J Endocrinol 2018; 238:91-106. [PMID: 29743343 DOI: 10.1530/joe-18-0076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Cold exposure of mice is a common method to stimulate brown adipose tissue (BAT) activity and induce browning of white adipose tissue (WAT) that has beneficial effects on whole-body lipid metabolism, including reduced plasma triglyceride (TG) concentrations. The liver is a key regulatory organ in lipid metabolism as it can take up as well as oxidize fatty acids. The liver can also synthesize, store and secrete TGs in VLDL particles. The effects of cold exposure on murine hepatic lipid metabolism have not been addressed. Here, we report the effects of 24-h exposure to 4°C on parameters of hepatic lipid metabolism of male C57BL/6J mice. Cold exposure increased hepatic TG concentrations by 2-fold (P < 0.05) but reduced hepatic lipogenic gene expression. Hepatic expression of genes encoding proteins involved in cholesterol synthesis and uptake such as the LDL receptor (LDLR) was significantly increased upon cold exposure. Hepatic expression of Cyp7a1 encoding the rate-limiting enzyme in the classical bile acid (BA) synthesis pathway was increased by 4.3-fold (P < 0.05). Hepatic BA concentrations and fecal BA excretion were increased by 2.8- and 1.3-fold, respectively (P < 0.05 for both). VLDL-TG secretion was reduced by approximately 50% after 24 h of cold exposure (P < 0.05). In conclusion, cold exposure has various, likely intertwined effects on the liver that should be taken into account when studying the effects of cold exposure on whole-body metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Grefhorst
- Section of EndocrinologyDepartment of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Johanna C van den Beukel
- Section of EndocrinologyDepartment of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wieneke Dijk
- Division of Human NutritionNutrition, Metabolism, and Genomics Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jacobie Steenbergen
- Section of EndocrinologyDepartment of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Gardi J Voortman
- Section of PharmacologyVascular and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Selmar Leeuwenburgh
- Section of EndocrinologyDepartment of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Theo J Visser
- Section of EndocrinologyDepartment of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sander Kersten
- Division of Human NutritionNutrition, Metabolism, and Genomics Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Edith C H Friesema
- Section of PharmacologyVascular and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Axel P N Themmen
- Section of EndocrinologyDepartment of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jenny A Visser
- Section of EndocrinologyDepartment of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Biswas HM. Effect of adrenocorticotropic hormone on UCP1 gene expression in brown adipocytes. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2018; 28:267-274. [PMID: 28375845 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2016-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Like other tissues, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) can produce its effect on brown adipose tissue (BAT). This study was taken to understand the direct effect of ACTH action on thermogenin gene expression and possible relation with α receptors and caffeine with this hormone. METHODS Brown fat precursor cells were isolated from interscapular BAT of young mice and grown in culture. The cells were exposed to norepinephrine (NE) and other agents. Total RNA was isolated after harvesting the cells, and northern blot analysis was performed. Hybridization was performed with nick translated cDNA probes. Filters were exposed to film, and results were evaluated by scanning. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) was measured by using Amersham assay kit. RESULTS ACTH stimulates thermogenin gene expression in brown adipocytes. Initiation and maximum stimulations are observed with 0.01 μM and 10 μM (about 45%) of ACTH, respectively, in comparison to 0.1 μM of NE. Maximum response of cAMP is also observed with 10 μM of ACTH (about 64%). Studies with cirazoline and ACTH show that UCP1 mRNA expression is increased significantly with 10 μM of ACTH, whereas cAMP generation is decreased. In the presence of caffeine, ACTH increases cAMP generation and UCP1 gene expression more than twofold. CONCLUSIONS ACTH stimulates thermogenin gene expression in cultured brown adipocytes. The complex interrelationship of ACTH with cirazoline indicates the possibility of relation between the activity of ACTH and α receptors in brown adipocytes. Further stimulation of cAMP generation and thermogenin gene expression is possible with ACTH in conjugation with caffeine and RO 20-1724.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirendra M Biswas
- Department of Physiology, Kathmandu Medical College, 184, Baburam Acharya sadak, Sinamangal, Kathmandu
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40
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Braun K, Oeckl J, Westermeier J, Li Y, Klingenspor M. Non-adrenergic control of lipolysis and thermogenesis in adipose tissues. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [PMID: 29514884 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.165381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The enormous plasticity of adipose tissues, to rapidly adapt to altered physiological states of energy demand, is under neuronal and endocrine control. In energy balance, lipolysis of triacylglycerols and re-esterification of free fatty acids are opposing processes operating in parallel at identical rates, thus allowing a more dynamic transition from anabolism to catabolism, and vice versa. In response to alterations in the state of energy balance, one of the two processes predominates, enabling the efficient mobilization or storage of energy in a negative or positive energy balance, respectively. The release of noradrenaline from the sympathetic nervous system activates lipolysis in a depot-specific manner by initiating the canonical adrenergic receptor-Gs-protein-adenylyl cyclase-cyclic adenosine monophosphate-protein kinase A pathway, targeting proteins of the lipolytic machinery associated with the interface of the lipid droplets. In brown and brite adipocytes, lipolysis stimulated by this signaling pathway is a prerequisite for the activation of non-shivering thermogenesis. Free fatty acids released by lipolysis are direct activators of uncoupling protein 1-mediated leak respiration. Thus, pro- and anti-lipolytic mediators are bona fide modulators of thermogenesis in brown and brite adipocytes. In this Review, we discuss adrenergic and non-adrenergic mechanisms controlling lipolysis and thermogenesis and provide a comprehensive overview of pro- and anti-lipolytic mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Braun
- Chair of Molecular Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Gregor-Mendel-Str. 2, D-85354 Freising, Germany.,EKFZ - Else Kröner-Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Gregor-Mendel-Str. 2, D-85354 Freising, Germany.,ZIEL - Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Gregor-Mendel-Str. 2, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Josef Oeckl
- Chair of Molecular Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Gregor-Mendel-Str. 2, D-85354 Freising, Germany.,EKFZ - Else Kröner-Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Gregor-Mendel-Str. 2, D-85354 Freising, Germany.,ZIEL - Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Gregor-Mendel-Str. 2, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Julia Westermeier
- Chair of Molecular Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Gregor-Mendel-Str. 2, D-85354 Freising, Germany.,EKFZ - Else Kröner-Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Gregor-Mendel-Str. 2, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Yongguo Li
- Chair of Molecular Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Gregor-Mendel-Str. 2, D-85354 Freising, Germany.,EKFZ - Else Kröner-Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Gregor-Mendel-Str. 2, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Martin Klingenspor
- Chair of Molecular Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Gregor-Mendel-Str. 2, D-85354 Freising, Germany .,EKFZ - Else Kröner-Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Gregor-Mendel-Str. 2, D-85354 Freising, Germany.,ZIEL - Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Gregor-Mendel-Str. 2, D-85354 Freising, Germany
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Zhang X, Saarinen AM, Campbell LE, De Filippis EA, Liu J. Regulation of Lipolytic Response and Energy Balance by Melanocortin 2 Receptor Accessory Protein (MRAP) in Adipocytes. Diabetes 2018; 67:222-234. [PMID: 29217655 PMCID: PMC5780064 DOI: 10.2337/db17-0862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Melanocortin 2 receptor accessory protein (MRAP) is highly expressed in adrenal gland and adipose tissue. In adrenal cells, MRAP is essential for adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-induced activation of the cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA) pathway by melanocortin 2 receptor (MC2R), leading to glucocorticoid production and secretion. Although ACTH was known to stimulate PKA-dependent lipolysis, the functional involvement of MRAP in adipocyte metabolism remains incompletely defined. Herein, we found that knockdown or overexpression of MRAP in 3T3-L1 adipocytes reduced or increased ACTH-induced lipolysis, respectively. Moreover, an unbiased proteomics screen and coimmunoprecipitation analysis identified Gαs as a novel interacting partner of MRAP. An MRAP mutant disabled in Gαs association failed to augment the activation of PKA and lipolytic response to ACTH. Furthermore, compared with wild-type mice, transgenic mice (aP2-MRAP) overexpressing MRAP fat specifically exhibited increased lipolytic response to ACTH. When fed a high-fat diet (HFD), the transgenic mice displayed a significant decrease in the gain of adiposity and body weight as well as an improvement in glucose and insulin tolerance. These phenotypes were accompanied by increased adipose expression of genes for mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation and thermogenesis, and overall energy expenditure. Collectively, our data strongly suggest that MRAP plays a critical role in the regulation of ACTH-induced adipose lipolysis and whole-body energy balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Scottsdale, AZ
- HEALth Program, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ
| | | | | | - Elena A De Filippis
- HEALth Program, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ
- Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Scottsdale, AZ
- HEALth Program, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ
- Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ
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Abstract
Stress affects core body temperature (Tc). Many kinds of stress induce transient, monophasic hyperthermia, which diminishes gradually if the stressor is terminated. Stronger stressors produce a longer-lasting effect. Repeated/chronic stress induces anticipatory hyperthermia, reduces diurnal changes in Tc, or slightly increases Tc throughout the day. Animals that are exposed to chronic stress or a cold environment exhibit an enhanced hyperthermic response to a novel stress. These changes persist for several days after cessation of stress exposure. In contrast, long-lasting inescapable stress sometimes induces hypothermia. In healthy humans, psychologic stress induces slight increases in Tc, which are within the normal range of Tc or just above it. Some individuals, however, develop extremely high Tc (up to 41°C) when they are exposed to emotional events or show persistent low-grade high Tc (37-38°C) during or after chronic stress situations. In addition to the nature of the stressor itself, such stress-induced thermal responses are modulated by sex, age, ambient temperature, cage mates, past stressful experiences and cold exposure, and coping. Stress-induced hyperthermia is driven by mechanisms distinct from infectious fever, which requires inflammatory mediators. However, both stress and infection activate the dorsomedial hypothalamus-rostral medullary raphe region-sympathetic nerve axis to increase Tc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takakazu Oka
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, Tochigi-ken, Japan.
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Kroon J, Koorneef LL, van den Heuvel JK, Verzijl CRC, van de Velde NM, Mol IM, Sips HCM, Hunt H, Rensen PCN, Meijer OC. Selective Glucocorticoid Receptor Antagonist CORT125281 Activates Brown Adipose Tissue and Alters Lipid Distribution in Male Mice. Endocrinology 2018; 159:535-546. [PMID: 28938459 DOI: 10.1210/en.2017-00512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids influence a wide range of metabolic processes in the human body, and excessive glucocorticoid exposure is known to contribute to the development of metabolic disease. We evaluated the utility of the novel glucocorticoid receptor (GR) antagonist CORT125281 for its potential to overcome adiposity, glucose intolerance, and dyslipidemia and compared this head-to-head with the classic GR antagonist RU486 (mifepristone). We show that, although RU486 displays cross-reactivity to the progesterone and androgen receptor, CORT125281 selectively inhibits GR transcriptional activity. In a mouse model for diet-induced obesity, rhythmicity of circulating corticosterone levels was disturbed. CORT125281 restored this disturbed rhythmicity, in contrast to RU486, which further inhibited endogenous corticosterone levels and suppressed adrenal weight. Both CORT125281 and RU486 reduced body weight gain and fat mass. In addition, CORT125281, but not RU486, lowered plasma levels of triglycerides, cholesterol, and free fatty acids and strongly stimulated triglyceride-derived fatty acid uptake by brown adipose tissue depots. In combination with reduced lipid content in brown adipocytes, this indicates that CORT125281 enhances metabolic activity of brown adipose tissue depots. CORT125281 was also found to increase liver lipid accumulation. Taken together, CORT125281 displayed a wide range of beneficial metabolic activities that are in part distinct from RU486, but clinical utility may be limited due to liver lipid accumulation. This warrants further evaluation of GR antagonists or selective modulators that are not accompanied by liver lipid accumulation while preserving their beneficial metabolic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Kroon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Lisa L Koorneef
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jose K van den Heuvel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Cristy R C Verzijl
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Nienke M van de Velde
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Isabel M Mol
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hetty C M Sips
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hazel Hunt
- Corcept Therapeutics, Menlo Park, California
| | - Patrick C N Rensen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Onno C Meijer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Abdullahi A, Jeschke MG. Taming the Flames: Targeting White Adipose Tissue Browning in Hypermetabolic Conditions. Endocr Rev 2017; 38:538-549. [PMID: 28938469 PMCID: PMC5716828 DOI: 10.1210/er.2017-00163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In this era of increased obesity and diabetes prevalence, the browning of white adipose tissue (WAT) has emerged as a promising therapeutic target to induce weight loss and improve insulin sensitivity in this population. The browning process entails a shift in the WAT from primarily storing excess energy to the dissipation of energy as heat. However, this idealistic view of WAT browning being the savior of the metabolic syndrome has been criticized by studies in burn and cancer patients that have shown browning to be detrimental rather than beneficial. In fact, in the context of hypermetabolic states, the browning of WAT has presented with substantial clinical adverse outcomes related to cachexia, hepatic steatosis, and muscle catabolism. Therefore, the previous thought construct of understanding browning as an all-beneficial physiologic event has now been met with skepticism. In this review, we focus on current knowledge of browning of WAT and its adverse metabolic alterations during hypermetabolic states. We also discuss the regulators and signaling pathways involved in the browning process and their potential for being targeted by new or existing drugs to inhibit or alleviate browning, potentially leading to decreased hypermetabolism and improved clinical outcomes. Lastly, the imminent clinical applications of pharmacological agents are explored in the perspective of attenuating WAT browning and its associated adverse side effects reported in burn patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdikarim Abdullahi
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada
- Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Canada
- Ross Tilley Burn Centre, Sunnybrook Hospital, Canada
| | - Marc G Jeschke
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada
- Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Canada
- Ross Tilley Burn Centre, Sunnybrook Hospital, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery and Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Canada
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Abstract
Brown and beige adipocytes arise from distinct developmental origins. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) develops embryonically from precursors that also give to skeletal muscle. Beige fat develops postnatally and is highly inducible. Beige fat recruitment is mediated by multiple mechanisms, including de novo beige adipogenesis and white-to-brown adipocyte transdifferentiaiton. Beige precursors reside around vasculatures, and proliferate and differentiate into beige adipocytes. PDGFRα+Ebf2+ precursors are restricted to beige lineage cells, while another PDGFRα+ subset gives rise to beige adipocytes, white adipocytes, or fibrogenic cells. White adipocytes can be reprogramed and transdifferentiated into beige adipocytes. Brown and beige adipocytes display many similar properties, including multilocular lipid droplets, dense mitochondria, and expression of UCP1. UCP1-mediated thermogenesis is a hallmark of brown/beige adipocytes, albeit UCP1-independent thermogenesis also occurs. Development, maintenance, and activation of BAT/beige fat are guided by genetic and epigenetic programs. Numerous transcriptional factors and coactivators act coordinately to promote BAT/beige fat thermogenesis. Epigenetic reprograming influences expression of brown/beige adipocyte-selective genes. BAT/beige fat is regulated by neuronal, hormonal, and immune mechanisms. Hypothalamic thermal circuits define the temperature setpoint that guides BAT/beige fat activity. Metabolic hormones, paracrine/autocrine factors, and various immune cells also play a critical role in regulating BAT/beige fat functions. BAT and beige fat defend temperature homeostasis, and regulate body weight and glucose and lipid metabolism. Obesity is associated with brown/beige fat deficiency, and reactivation of brown/beige fat provides metabolic health benefits in some patients. Pharmacological activation of BAT/beige fat may hold promise for combating metabolic diseases. © 2017 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 7:1281-1306, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangyou Rui
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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46
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Scheideler M, Herzig S, Georgiadi A. Endocrine and autocrine/paracrine modulators of brown adipose tissue mass and activity as novel therapeutic strategies against obesity and type 2 diabetes. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2017; 31:/j/hmbci.ahead-of-print/hmbci-2017-0043/hmbci-2017-0043.xml. [PMID: 28850545 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2017-0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The dramatically increasing world-wide prevalence of obesity is recognized as a risk factor for the development of various diseases. The growing research on the role of adipose tissue in controlling energy homeostasis and insulin sensitivity has revealed that the promotion of brown adipose tissue (BAT) activity and the browning of white adipose tissue (WAT) leads to multiple health benefits and prevents obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Inducible thermogenic adipocytes do exist in adult humans and are linked with increased energy combustion and lower body fat mass. Thus brown adipocytes are currently placed at the center of attention for novel therapeutic strategies against metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes. Besides the classical, norepinephrine-mediated sympathetic recruitment and activation of thermogenic adipocytes, a number of novel circulating factors have been recently identified to have a positive or negative impact on thermogenic adipocyte formation and activity. In this review their mechanism of action and the plausible therapeutic applications will be summarized and discussed.
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47
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Human brown adipose tissue-function and therapeutic potential in metabolic disease. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2017; 37:1-9. [PMID: 28800407 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
There has been a resurgence of interest in brown adipose tissue (BAT) over the last decade. Key to this has been our ability to accurately image it, which has improved significantly. The role of BAT in regulating energy expenditure is important, and its pharmacological manipulation may hold therapeutic potential in metabolic disease. There is ample evidence of BAT activation by cold exposure, and pharmacological utilisation of similar pathways, using B3 receptor agonists holds promise since the development of selective agonists with limited cross-reactivity has rekindled interest. Endogenous agents like irisin, FGF21 and certain gut hormones may hold value as BAT activators. Other agents such as steroid hormones may also hold therapeutic potential, although short-term worsening of metabolic profile remains problematic. Clearly, pharmacological manipulation of BAT is important, and thanks to recent advances we may one day be able to add such agents to our anti-obesity arsenal.
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Dodd GT, Andrews ZB, Simonds SE, Michael NJ, DeVeer M, Brüning JC, Spanswick D, Cowley MA, Tiganis T. A Hypothalamic Phosphatase Switch Coordinates Energy Expenditure with Feeding. Cell Metab 2017; 26:375-393.e7. [PMID: 28768176 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2017.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Beige adipocytes can interconvert between white and brown-like states and switch between energy storage versus expenditure. Here we report that beige adipocyte plasticity is important for feeding-associated changes in energy expenditure and is coordinated by the hypothalamus and the phosphatase TCPTP. A fasting-induced and glucocorticoid-mediated induction of TCPTP, inhibited insulin signaling in AgRP/NPY neurons, repressed the browning of white fat and decreased energy expenditure. Conversely feeding reduced hypothalamic TCPTP, to increase AgRP/NPY neuronal insulin signaling, white adipose tissue browning and energy expenditure. The feeding-induced repression of hypothalamic TCPTP was defective in obesity. Mice lacking TCPTP in AgRP/NPY neurons were resistant to diet-induced obesity and had increased beige fat activity and energy expenditure. The deletion of hypothalamic TCPTP in obesity restored feeding-induced browning and increased energy expenditure to promote weight loss. Our studies define a hypothalamic switch that coordinates energy expenditure with feeding for the maintenance of energy balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garron T Dodd
- Metabolic Disease and Obesity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Zane B Andrews
- Metabolic Disease and Obesity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia; Department of Physiology, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Stephanie E Simonds
- Metabolic Disease and Obesity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia; Department of Physiology, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Natalie J Michael
- Metabolic Disease and Obesity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia; Department of Physiology, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Michael DeVeer
- Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Jens C Brüning
- Max Plank Institute for Metabolism Research, Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Gleueler Str. 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Preventive Medicine (CEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Str. 26, 50924 Cologne, Germany; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany; National Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Land Str. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - David Spanswick
- Metabolic Disease and Obesity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia; Department of Physiology, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Michael A Cowley
- Metabolic Disease and Obesity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia; Department of Physiology, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Tony Tiganis
- Metabolic Disease and Obesity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia.
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Shen Y, Roh HC, Kumari M, Rosen ED. Adipocyte glucocorticoid receptor is important in lipolysis and insulin resistance due to exogenous steroids, but not insulin resistance caused by high fat feeding. Mol Metab 2017; 6:1150-1160. [PMID: 29031716 PMCID: PMC5641598 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2017.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The critical role of adipose tissue in energy and nutrient homeostasis is influenced by many external factors, including overnutrition, inflammation, and exogenous hormones. Prior studies have suggested that glucocorticoids (GCs) in particular are major drivers of physiological and pathophysiological changes in adipocytes. In order to determine whether these effects directly require the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) within adipocytes, we generated adipocyte-specific GR knockout (AGRKO) mice. METHODS AGRKO and control mice were fed chow or high fat diet (HFD) for 14 weeks. Alternatively, AGRKO and control mice were injected with dexamethasone for two months. Glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, adiposity, lipolysis, thermogenesis, and insulin signaling were assessed. RESULTS We find that obesity, insulin resistance, and dysglycemia associated with high fat feeding do not require an intact GR in the adipocyte. However, exogenous dexamethasone (Dex) promotes metabolic dysfunction in mice, and this effect is reduced in mice lacking GR in adipocytes. The ability of Dex to promote "whitening" of brown fat is also reduced in these animals. We also show that GR is required for β-adrenergic and cold stimulation-mediated lipolysis via expression of the key lipolytic enzyme ATGL. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that the GR plays a role in normal adipose physiology via effects on lipolysis and mediates at least some of the adverse effects of exogenous steroids on metabolic function. The data also indicate that intra-adipocyte GR plays less of a role than previously believed in the local and systemic pathology associated with overnutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yachen Shen
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hyun Cheol Roh
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Manju Kumari
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Evan D Rosen
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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50
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Scotney H, Symonds ME, Law J, Budge H, Sharkey D, Manolopoulos KN. Glucocorticoids modulate human brown adipose tissue thermogenesis in vivo. Metabolism 2017; 70:125-132. [PMID: 28403937 PMCID: PMC5395593 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2017.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a thermogenic organ with substantial metabolic capacity and has important roles in the maintenance of body weight and metabolism. Regulation of BAT is primarily mediated through the β-adrenoceptor (β-AR) pathway. The in vivo endocrine regulation of this pathway in humans is unknown. The objective of our study was to assess the in vivo BAT temperature responses to acute glucocorticoid administration. METHODS We studied 8 healthy male volunteers, not pre-selected for BAT presence or activity and without prior BAT cold-activation, on two occasions, following an infusion with hydrocortisone (0.2mg.kg-1.min-1 for 14h) and saline, respectively. Infusions were given in a randomized double-blind order. They underwent assessment of supraclavicular BAT temperature using infrared thermography following a mixed meal, and during β-AR stimulation with isoprenaline (25ng.kg fat-free mass-1.min-1 for 60min) in the fasting state. RESULTS During hydrocortisone infusion, BAT temperature increased both under fasting basal conditions and during β-AR stimulation. We observed a BAT temperature threshold, which was not exceeded despite maximal β-AR activation. We conclude that BAT thermogenesis is present in humans under near-normal conditions. Glucocorticoids modulate BAT function, representing important physiological endocrine regulation of body temperature at times of acute stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Scotney
- Division of Child Health, Obstetrics & Gynaecology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Michael E Symonds
- Division of Child Health, Obstetrics & Gynaecology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK; Nottingham Digestive Diseases Biomedical Research Unit, Queens Medical Centre Campus, Nottingham, NG7 2UH
| | - James Law
- Division of Child Health, Obstetrics & Gynaecology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Helen Budge
- Division of Child Health, Obstetrics & Gynaecology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Don Sharkey
- Division of Child Health, Obstetrics & Gynaecology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Konstantinos N Manolopoulos
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK; Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
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