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Zheng Y, Liu W, Zhu X, Xu M, Lin B, Bai Y. Associations of dietary inflammation index and composite dietary antioxidant index with preserved ratio impaired spirometry in US adults and the mediating roles of triglyceride-glucose index: NHANES 2007-2012. Redox Biol 2024; 76:103334. [PMID: 39217849 PMCID: PMC11402638 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2024] [Revised: 08/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown that inflammatory and antioxidant dietary patterns can modify the risk of COPD, yet few studies have examined the association of these diets with its early signs (PRISm), and the potential role of metabolic disorders remains to be elucidated. METHODS Data from 9529 individuals who participated in the 2007-2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were analyzed. The Dietary Inflammation Index (DII) and the Dietary Antioxidant Composite Index (CDAI) were assessed using 24-h dietary recall, multiple metabolic indicators were calculated according to biochemical markers, and lung function parameters defined PRISm cases. Individual and joint effects of DII and CDAI were evaluated by generalized linear models and binary logistic regression models, and mediation effects of metabolic indicators were further explored by causal mediation analysis. RESULTS Increased DII was associated with decreased lung function (FEV1: β = -18.82, FVC: β = -29.2; OR = 1.04) and increased metabolic indicators (β = 0.316, 0.036, 0.916, 0.033, and 0.145 on MAP, UA, TC, TyG, and MS, respectively). Contrary to this, CDAI were positively and negatively associated with lung function (FEV1: β = 3.42; FVC: β = 4.91; PRISm: OR = 0.99) and metabolic indicators (β < 0), respectively. Joint effects of DII and CDAI indicated the minimal hazard effects of DII on TyG (β = -0.11), FEV1 (β = 72.62), FVC (β = 122.27), and PRISm (OR = 0.79) in subjects with high CDAI when compared with those with low CDAI (low DII + high CDAI vs. high DII + low CDAI). Furthermore, TyG mediated 13.74 %, 8.29 %, and 21.70 % of DII- and 37.30 %, 20.90 %, and 12.32 % of CDAI-FEV1, -FVC, and -PRISm associations, respectively. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicated that CDAI can attenuate the adverse effects of DII on metabolic disorders and lung function decline, which provides new insight for diet modification in preventing early lung dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyu Zheng
- School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao, Panyu District, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Wanlu Liu
- School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao, Panyu District, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Xinyu Zhu
- School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao, Panyu District, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Mengya Xu
- School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao, Panyu District, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Baihao Lin
- School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao, Panyu District, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Yansen Bai
- School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao, Panyu District, Guangzhou 511436, China.
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Sanusi KO, Ibrahim KG, Abubakar MB, Imam MU. Paternal zinc deficiency alters offspring metabolic status in Drosophila melanogaster. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2024; 86:127519. [PMID: 39255533 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2024.127519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 08/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study delves into the understudied yet potentially crucial role of paternal zinc deficiency in programming offspring metabolic outcomes. By examining paternal zinc deficiency, we aim to shed light on a previously unexplored avenue with the potential to significantly impact future generations. We investigated the intergenerational effects of paternal zinc deficiency on metabolic parameters in Drosophila melanogaster. METHODS Dietary zinc deficiency was induced by supplementing the diet of Drosophila F0 male flies with TPEN (N,N,N',N'-tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl)ethylenediamine) from egg stage. The F0 male flies after eclosion were mated with age-matched virgin female flies from the control group, resulting in the F1 offspring generation. The F1 generation were then cultured on a standard diet for subsequent metabolic analyses, including assessments of body weight, locomotion, and levels of glucose, trehalose, glycogen, and triglycerides as well as the expression of related genes. RESULTS We observed an increase (p<0.05) in body weight in male parent flies and female offspring. Negative geotaxis performance was also impaired in the female offspring. Paternal zinc deficiency exerted distinct effects on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, as evidenced by a significant (p<0.05) increase in trehalose and triglyceride levels in both parent and offspring. Additionally, zinc deficiency led to alterations in the expression of key metabolic genes, including significant (p<0.05) increase in DILP2 mRNA levels, highlighting potential links to insulin signaling. Also, there were reduced mRNA levels of SOD1 and CAT in both parental and offspring generations. Parental zinc deficiency also increased the expression of Eiger and UPD2 mRNA in the offspring, suggesting potential perturbations in the immune response system. CONCLUSION These findings underscore the link between zinc status and various physiological and molecular processes, revealing both immediate and intergenerational impacts on metabolic, antioxidant, and inflammatory pathways and providing valuable insights on the implications of paternal zinc deficiency in Drosophila melanogaster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamaldeen Olalekan Sanusi
- Centre for Advanced Medical Research and Training, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria; Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Al-Hikmah University, Ilorin P.M.B. 1601, Nigeria
| | - Kasimu Ghandi Ibrahim
- Centre for Advanced Medical Research and Training, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria; Department of Basic Medical and Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Zarqa University, P.O.BOX 2000, Zarqa 13110, Jordan; School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
| | - Murtala Bello Abubakar
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Mustapha Umar Imam
- Centre for Advanced Medical Research and Training, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria; Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto, Nigeria.
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Yadav AK, Singh NK, Singh A, Ashish A, Singh S, Rai SN, Singh SK, Singh R. Investigation of Serum Pro-Inflammatory Markers and Trace Elements Among Short Stature in Eastern Uttar Pradesh and Bihar Populations. J Inflamm Res 2024; 17:6063-6073. [PMID: 39253565 PMCID: PMC11382800 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s473895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Short stature is prevalent among children worldwide, particularly in developing countries. Various trace elements, including zinc, magnesium, iron, copper, chromium and selenium, are crucial for proper body development. The aim of this study is to explore the relationship between trace elements and TNF-α and IL-6 to elicit and possible pathway responsible for short stature. Methods Two hundred and twenty samples were recruited for this study, 100 short statures and 120 controls were randomly selected. Six trace elements were measured using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. The concentrations of IL-6 and TNF-α in serum were assessed utilizing the Enzyme-Linked-Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Superoxide dismutase was also analysed to determine the oxidative stress response. Results The study revealed notable distinctions in serum trace element levels of short stature. They exhibited significant lower levels of zinc and magnesium, alongside higher levels of copper. The altered Cu/Zn ratio seemed to have a positive correlation with short stature. Conversely, no significant disparities were observed in iron, chromium, and selenium levels. Furthermore, a significant rise was noted in proinflammatory marker TNF-α and cytokine IL-6. Additionally, superoxide dismutase was low in the short statures In silico study shows a high affinity of Zinc with TNF alpha. It may be suggested that inflammation at any time during childhood, with the rise in TNF alpha tightly binds with zinc and may have led to a decrease in zinc serum levels, altered redox homeostasis and resulted in short stature. Conclusion The altered Cu/Zn ratio along with high TNF alpha and IL6 may be used as a marker for short stature in the initial years of growth in children before they reach maturity at the age of 18. Thereafter, introducing zinc supplementation could potentially enhance stature by mitigating TNF-alpha level. Further experimental studies will help to establish the exact role of zinc with TNF alpha in short stature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhay Kumar Yadav
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Medical Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, 221005, India
| | - Nitish Kumar Singh
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Medical Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, 221005, India
| | - Ankur Singh
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Medical Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, 221005, India
| | - Ashish Ashish
- Multidisciplinary Research Unit, Institute of Medical Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, 221005, India
| | - Suchitra Singh
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Medical Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, 221005, India
| | - Sachchida Nand Rai
- Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, 221005, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Singh
- Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, 221005, India
| | - Royana Singh
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Medical Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, 221005, India
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Silvestrini A, Mancini A. The Double-Edged Sword of Total Antioxidant Capacity: Clinical Significance and Personal Experience. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:933. [PMID: 39199179 PMCID: PMC11351343 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13080933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) could be a condition underlying several human diseases, despite the physiological role of reactive oxygen species (oxidative eustress). Therefore, antioxidant compounds could represent a modulatory mechanism for maintaining a proper redox balance and redox signaling. When antioxidants are insufficient or overwhelmed, OS ensues, causing multiple damages at molecular, tissue, and cellular levels. This study focuses on the role of total antioxidant capacity (TAC) as a biomarker to be interpreted according to several clinical scenarios. After a brief description of various assay methods to elucidate terminology and physiopathological roles, we focus on the hormonal influence on TAC in blood plasma and other biological fluids, as different endocrine systems can modulate the antioxidant response. Furthermore, OS characterizes several endocrinopathies through different mechanisms: an inadequate antioxidant response to an increase in reducing equivalents (reductive distress) or a marked consumption of antioxidants (oxidative distress), which leads to low TAC values. An increased TAC could instead represent an adaptive mechanism, suggesting a situation of OS. Hence, the clinical context is fundamental for a correct interpretation of TAC. This review aims to provide the reader with a general overview of oxidative stress in several clinical examples of endocrine relevance, such as metabolic syndrome, non-thyroid illness syndrome, hypopituitarism, and infertility. Finally, the impact of dietary and surgical interventions on TAC in the model of metabolic syndrome is highlighted, along with personal experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Silvestrini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Mancini
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito, 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
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Wilson RB, Liang Y, Kaushal D, Carr A. Molecular Pharmacology of Vitamin C and Relevance to Health and Obesity-A Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7523. [PMID: 39062764 PMCID: PMC11276620 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The role of food constituents as pharmacological agents is an important consideration in health and obesity. Vitamin C acts as a small molecule antioxidant but is also a co-factor for numerous transition metal-dependent enzymes involved in healthy weight and energy metabolism. Vitamin C cannot be manufactured by humans and is mainly obtained from the dietary intake of fresh fruit and vegetables. There is great variability between different nutritional guidelines in the recommended daily allowance of vitamin C. Vitamin C deficiency results from an inadequate intake of vitamin C-containing foods and also increased utilization by oxidative and carbonyl stress. Risk factors for vitamin C deficiency include cigarette smoking, malnutrition, obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, age, race, sex, social isolation, major surgery, and Western-type diets. Despite the common belief that vitamin C deficiency is rare in affluent countries, surveys of large populations and specific patient groups suggest otherwise. Patients with obesity typically consume highly processed, energy-dense foods which contain inadequate micronutrients. As obesity increases, larger amounts of oral vitamin C are required to achieve adequate plasma and tissue concentrations, as compared to persons with a healthy weight. This is important in the control of oxidative stress and the maintenance of homeostasis and organ function. In this narrative review, the dosage, absorption, distribution, excretion, and catabolism of vitamin C are reviewed, together with the latest findings on vitamin C pharmacology in patients with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Beaumont Wilson
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales (Sydney), Elizabeth St, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia
| | - Yicong Liang
- Bankstown Hospital, University of New South Wales (Sydney), Bankstown, NSW 2200, Australia;
| | - Devesh Kaushal
- Campbelltown Hospital, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW 2560, Australia;
| | - Anitra Carr
- Nutrition in Medicine Research Group, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand;
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Kaba S, Kılıç S. Investigation of Trace Element Levels and Toxic Metals in Obese Children: A Single-Center Experienc. Turk Arch Pediatr 2024; 59:390-396. [PMID: 39141014 PMCID: PMC11332427 DOI: 10.5152/turkarchpediatr.2024.24016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
The complete role of factors contributing to the pathogenesis of childhood obesity remains to be fully elucidated. Limited research has addressed trace elements in the context of child obesity. Our objective was to assess trace element and lead (Pb), copper (Cu) (are toxic metal) levels in both healthy and obese children, and to investigate the potential correlations between these elements and obesity-related anthropometric measurements, lipid profiles, as well as insulin and glucose levels. Furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry was employed to measure the concentrations of trace elements in the serum. Additionally, fasting glucose, insulin, and lipid levels were determined in obese children (body mass index ≥ 95th percentile for age and sex), along with 50 healthy children. Only the obesity group underwent an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Significantly reduced levels of Fe, Mg, Zn, and Co were observed in obese children, whereas Cu, Pb, and Mn levels were elevated (P < .001, P <.001, P = .002, P = .008, P <.001, P = .001, P = .007, respectively). Significant positive correlations were found between the 2-hour glucose level in OGTT and Mn (P = .013), as well as between peak insulin and insulin levels at the 30th and 60th minutes, and Fe (P = .001, P = .025, P = .001). This study indicates that an imbalance in trace element levels and the accumulation of Pb may be associated with obesity, while levels of Mn and Fe may be linked to glucose intolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sultan Kaba
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Faculity of Medicine, Okan University, İstanbul, Türkiye
| | - Sinan Kılıç
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Gebze Yuzyil Hospital, Kocaeli, Türkiye
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Portillo Siqueiros EY, Santellano-Estrada E, Flores Villalobos MÁ, Roacho Soto MG, Martínez Flórez S. [Effects of zinc and resveratrol as modulators of leptin response in adults with obesity]. NUTR HOSP 2024. [PMID: 38896121 DOI: 10.20960/nh.05177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION fat tissue is an organ with endocrine function, where the hormone leptin (LEP) is identified. This peptide regulates appetite, the immune system, vascular functions and insulin sensitivity. Zinc (Zn) and resveratrol (RES) have potential effects on adipose tissue. OBJECTIVE to know if the combined administration of Zn and RES has any effect on blood leptin quantification in obese people. METHODS longitudinal experimental study, controlled clinical trial design, randomized, double blind. Randomized formation of four groups: T1 (Zn 50 mg), T2 (control), T3 (RES 500 mg), T4 (Zn 50 mg and RES 500 mg) with a supplementation period of 60 days. Blood samples were taken and glucose (GLU), leptin (LEP) and lipids (HDL, LDL, TGL) were quantified before and after exposure to the study elements. RESULTS age 34 (± 7) years. In T-tests, significance in GLU (p = 0.04) and LEP (p = 0.055). By exposure groups: GLU at T1 (p = 0.03) and T2 (p = 0.031); at LEP at T4 (p = 0.024). Lipids by groups: HDL at T3 (p = 0.039) and T4 (p = 0.014). ANOVA, HDL (p = 0.06). Pearson, HDL (p = 0.07) and LDL (p = 0.09). CONCLUSION zinc and resveratrol showed promise as agents in modulating leptin and glucose signaling, confirming that they work in a proportional manner and provide benefits for cardiac health, but more exposure time is needed to see if they impact energy balance homeostasis.
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Lovrić M, Wang T, Staffe MR, Šunić I, Časni K, Lasky-Su J, Chawes B, Rasmussen MA. A Chemical Structure and Machine Learning Approach to Assess the Potential Bioactivity of Endogenous Metabolites and Their Association with Early Childhood Systemic Inflammation. Metabolites 2024; 14:278. [PMID: 38786755 PMCID: PMC11122766 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14050278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolomics has gained much attention due to its potential to reveal molecular disease mechanisms and present viable biomarkers. This work uses a panel of untargeted serum metabolomes from 602 children from the COPSAC2010 mother-child cohort. The annotated part of the metabolome consists of 517 chemical compounds curated using automated procedures. We created a filtering method for the quantified metabolites using predicted quantitative structure-bioactivity relationships for the Tox21 database on nuclear receptors and stress response in cell lines. The metabolites measured in the children's serums are predicted to affect specific targeted models, known for their significance in inflammation, immune function, and health outcomes. The targets from Tox21 have been used as targets with quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs). They were trained for ~7000 structures, saved as models, and then applied to the annotated metabolites to predict their potential bioactivities. The models were selected based on strict accuracy criteria surpassing random effects. After application, 52 metabolites showed potential bioactivity based on structural similarity with known active compounds from the Tox21 set. The filtered compounds were subsequently used and weighted by their bioactive potential to show an association with early childhood hs-CRP levels at six months in a linear model supporting a physiological adverse effect on systemic low-grade inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Lovrić
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, 2820 Gentofte, Denmark
- Centre for Applied Bioanthropology, Institute for Anthropological Research, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- The Lisbon Council, 1040 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Tingting Wang
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, 2820 Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Mads Rønnow Staffe
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, 1958 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Iva Šunić
- Centre for Applied Bioanthropology, Institute for Anthropological Research, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | | | - Jessica Lasky-Su
- Department of Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Bo Chawes
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, 2820 Gentofte, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2300 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten Arendt Rasmussen
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, 2820 Gentofte, Denmark
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, 1958 Frederiksberg, Denmark
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Bird JK, Feskens EJM, Melse-Boonstra A. A Systematized Review of the Relationship Between Obesity and Vitamin C Requirements. Curr Dev Nutr 2024; 8:102152. [PMID: 38666038 PMCID: PMC11039309 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.102152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity rates have increased globally in recent decades. Body weight is used as a modifiable factor in determining vitamin requirements. Accordingly, vitamin C requirements are volumetrically scaled from data for healthy weight males to other age- and sex-based categories. Likewise, it is possible that increases in body weight due to obesity may affect vitamin C needs. A systematized literature review was performed to summarize evidence on whether obesity affects vitamin C intake or status. The literature was also scanned for potential mechanisms for the relationship. Many observational studies showed that vitamin C status is lower in overweight and obese children and adults; this may be explained by lower vitamin C intakes. Nevertheless, a reanalysis of carefully conducted intervention studies has demonstrated a lower vitamin C status in participants who were overweight or obese when given the same dose of vitamin C as subjects of normal weight. Several mechanisms have been proposed to potentially explain why vitamin C status is lower in people with obesity: changes in vitamin C partitioning between lean and adipose tissue, volumetric dilution, metabolic alterations due to obesity, and gut microbial dysbiosis. Depletion-repletion or pharmacokinetic studies that include individuals of diverse body weights and ages would be helpful to further investigate whether obesity increases requirements for vitamin C. The current evidence base supports a lower vitamin C status in people who are overweight or obese; however, the association may be attenuated by lower vitamin C intakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia K Bird
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Edith JM Feskens
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Alida Melse-Boonstra
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
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Torres-Arreola AK, García OP, Estrella-Ibarra P, Campos-Maldonado F, Camacho-Barron M, Del Carmen Aburto-Fernández M, Lerma-Alvarado RM, Rodriguez-Méndez AJ, Solís-Sáinz JC, García-Solís P. Zinc Transporter ZnT1 mRNA Expression Is Negatively Associated with Leptin Serum Concentrations but Is not Associated with Insulin Resistance or Inflammatory Markers in Visceral Adipose Tissue. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024:10.1007/s12011-024-04089-5. [PMID: 38319549 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-024-04089-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between biomarkers of chronic inflammation, insulin resistance, and zinc transporter ZnT1 expression in human visceral adipose tissue. Visceral adipose tissue obtained from 47 adults undergoing laparoscopic surgery for cholecystectomy was used to analyze ZnT1 mRNA expression by RT-qPCR. ZnT1 mRNA levels were compared between subjects with normal weight, overweight, and obesity. A significantly lower ZnT1 expression was observed in overweight and obesity compared with normal-weight subjects (p = 0.0016). Moreover, subjects with normal weight had significantly higher serum zinc concentration (97.7 ± 13.1 mg/L) than subjects with overweight (87.0 ± 12.8 mg/L) and obesity (83.1 ± 6.6 mg/L) (p = 0.002). Pearson test showed a positive correlation between serum zinc concentrations and ZnT1 mRNA expression in visceral adipose tissue (r = 0.323; p = 0.031) and a negative correlation with body mass index (r = - 0.358; p = 0.013). A linear regression model was used to analyze the associations between ZnT1 mRNA expression and serum zinc levels, insulin resistance (HOMA2-IR), serum adipokines (leptin and adiponectin), and serum inflammation biomarkers (tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-6, and C-reactive protein). Interestingly, leptin concentrations were negatively associated with ZnT1 mRNA expression (p = 0.012); however, no significant associations were found for the rest of the analyzed variables. Future research is needed to analyze the causality of negative association between ZntT1 expression in visceral adipose tissue and leptin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Karen Torres-Arreola
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Laboratory, Center of Advanced Biomedical Research, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Carretera a Chichimequillas S/N Ejido Bolaños Av. Universidad Dirección a La Derecha, 76140, Santiago de Querétaro, Qro., Mexico
- Biomedical Sciences PhD Program, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Queretaro, Mexico
| | - Olga P García
- Department of Human Nutrition, School of Natural Sciences, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Queretaro, Mexico
| | - Paulina Estrella-Ibarra
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Laboratory, Center of Advanced Biomedical Research, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Carretera a Chichimequillas S/N Ejido Bolaños Av. Universidad Dirección a La Derecha, 76140, Santiago de Querétaro, Qro., Mexico
- Biological Sciences PhD Program, School of Natural Sciences, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Queretaro, Mexico
| | - Francisco Campos-Maldonado
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Laboratory, Center of Advanced Biomedical Research, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Carretera a Chichimequillas S/N Ejido Bolaños Av. Universidad Dirección a La Derecha, 76140, Santiago de Querétaro, Qro., Mexico
- Biomedical Sciences PhD Program, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Queretaro, Mexico
| | - Mariela Camacho-Barron
- Department of Human Nutrition, School of Natural Sciences, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Queretaro, Mexico
| | | | | | - Adriana Jheny Rodriguez-Méndez
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Laboratory, Center of Advanced Biomedical Research, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Carretera a Chichimequillas S/N Ejido Bolaños Av. Universidad Dirección a La Derecha, 76140, Santiago de Querétaro, Qro., Mexico
| | - Juan Carlos Solís-Sáinz
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Laboratory, Center of Advanced Biomedical Research, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Carretera a Chichimequillas S/N Ejido Bolaños Av. Universidad Dirección a La Derecha, 76140, Santiago de Querétaro, Qro., Mexico
| | - Pablo García-Solís
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Laboratory, Center of Advanced Biomedical Research, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Carretera a Chichimequillas S/N Ejido Bolaños Av. Universidad Dirección a La Derecha, 76140, Santiago de Querétaro, Qro., Mexico.
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Tosi M, Montanari C, Bona F, Tricella C, Agostinelli M, Dolor J, Chillemi C, Di Profio E, Tagi VM, Vizzuso S, Fiore G, Zuccotti G, Verduci E. Dietary Inflammatory Potential in Pediatric Diseases: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:5095. [PMID: 38140353 PMCID: PMC10745369 DOI: 10.3390/nu15245095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory status is one of the main drivers in the development of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Specific unhealthy dietary patterns and the growing consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPFs) may influence the inflammation process, which negatively modulates the gut microbiota and increases the risk of NCDs. Moreover, several chronic health conditions require special long-term dietary treatment, characterized by altered ratios of the intake of nutrients or by the consumption of disease-specific foods. In this narrative review, we aimed to collect the latest evidence on the pro-inflammatory potential of dietary patterns, foods, and nutrients in children affected by multifactorial diseases but also on the dietetic approaches used as treatment for specific diseases. Considering multifactorial diet-related diseases, the triggering effect of pro-inflammatory diets has been addressed for metabolic syndrome and inflammatory bowel diseases, and the latter for adults only. Future research is required on multiple sclerosis, type 1 diabetes, and pediatric cancer, in which the role of inflammation is emerging. For diseases requiring special diets, the role of single or multiple foods, possibly associated with inflammation, was assessed, but more studies are needed. The evidence collected highlighted the need for health professionals to consider the entire dietary pattern, providing balanced and healthy diets not only to permit the metabolic control of the disease itself, but also to prevent the development of NCDs in adolescence and adulthood. Personalized nutritional approaches, in close collaboration between the hospital, country, and families, must always be promoted together with the development of new methods for the assessment of pro-inflammatory dietary habits in pediatric age and the implementation of telemedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Tosi
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, University of Milan, 20154 Milan, Italy; (M.T.); (C.M.); (F.B.); (C.T.); (M.A.); (J.D.); (C.C.); (E.D.P.); (V.M.T.); (S.V.); (G.Z.)
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20146 Milan, Italy;
| | - Chiara Montanari
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, University of Milan, 20154 Milan, Italy; (M.T.); (C.M.); (F.B.); (C.T.); (M.A.); (J.D.); (C.C.); (E.D.P.); (V.M.T.); (S.V.); (G.Z.)
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Bona
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, University of Milan, 20154 Milan, Italy; (M.T.); (C.M.); (F.B.); (C.T.); (M.A.); (J.D.); (C.C.); (E.D.P.); (V.M.T.); (S.V.); (G.Z.)
| | - Chiara Tricella
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, University of Milan, 20154 Milan, Italy; (M.T.); (C.M.); (F.B.); (C.T.); (M.A.); (J.D.); (C.C.); (E.D.P.); (V.M.T.); (S.V.); (G.Z.)
| | - Marta Agostinelli
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, University of Milan, 20154 Milan, Italy; (M.T.); (C.M.); (F.B.); (C.T.); (M.A.); (J.D.); (C.C.); (E.D.P.); (V.M.T.); (S.V.); (G.Z.)
| | - Jonabell Dolor
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, University of Milan, 20154 Milan, Italy; (M.T.); (C.M.); (F.B.); (C.T.); (M.A.); (J.D.); (C.C.); (E.D.P.); (V.M.T.); (S.V.); (G.Z.)
| | - Claudia Chillemi
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, University of Milan, 20154 Milan, Italy; (M.T.); (C.M.); (F.B.); (C.T.); (M.A.); (J.D.); (C.C.); (E.D.P.); (V.M.T.); (S.V.); (G.Z.)
| | - Elisabetta Di Profio
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, University of Milan, 20154 Milan, Italy; (M.T.); (C.M.); (F.B.); (C.T.); (M.A.); (J.D.); (C.C.); (E.D.P.); (V.M.T.); (S.V.); (G.Z.)
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20146 Milan, Italy;
| | - Veronica Maria Tagi
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, University of Milan, 20154 Milan, Italy; (M.T.); (C.M.); (F.B.); (C.T.); (M.A.); (J.D.); (C.C.); (E.D.P.); (V.M.T.); (S.V.); (G.Z.)
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20146 Milan, Italy;
| | - Sara Vizzuso
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, University of Milan, 20154 Milan, Italy; (M.T.); (C.M.); (F.B.); (C.T.); (M.A.); (J.D.); (C.C.); (E.D.P.); (V.M.T.); (S.V.); (G.Z.)
| | - Giulia Fiore
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, University of Milan, 20154 Milan, Italy; (M.T.); (C.M.); (F.B.); (C.T.); (M.A.); (J.D.); (C.C.); (E.D.P.); (V.M.T.); (S.V.); (G.Z.)
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20146 Milan, Italy;
| | - Gianvincenzo Zuccotti
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, University of Milan, 20154 Milan, Italy; (M.T.); (C.M.); (F.B.); (C.T.); (M.A.); (J.D.); (C.C.); (E.D.P.); (V.M.T.); (S.V.); (G.Z.)
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Elvira Verduci
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20146 Milan, Italy;
- Metabolic Diseases Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, University of Milan, 20154 Milan, Italy
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12
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Lovrić M, Wang T, Staffe MR, Šunić I, Časni K, Lasky-Su J, Chawes B, Rasmussen MA. A chemical structure and machine learning approach to assess the potential bioactivity of endogenous metabolites and their association with early-childhood hs-CRP levels. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.15.567095. [PMID: 38014335 PMCID: PMC10680762 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.15.567095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Metabolomics has gained much attraction due to its potential to reveal molecular disease mechanisms and present viable biomarkers. In this work we used a panel of untargeted serum metabolomes in 602 childhood patients of the COPSAC2010 mother-child cohort. The annotated part of the metabolome consists of 493 chemical compounds curated using automated procedures. Using predicted quantitative-structure-bioactivity relationships for the Tox21 database on nuclear receptors and stress response in cell lines, we created a filtering method for the vast number of quantified metabolites. The metabolites measured in children's serums used here have predicted potential against the chosen target modelled targets. The targets from Tox21 have been used with quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs) and were trained for ~7000 structures, saved as models, and then applied to 493 metabolites to predict their potential bioactivities. The models were selected based on strict accuracy criteria surpassing random effects. After application, 52 metabolites showed potential bioactivity based on structural similarity with known active compounds from the Tox21 set. The filtered compounds were subsequently used and weighted by their bioactive potential to show an association with early childhood hs-CRP levels at six months in a linear model supporting a physiological adverse effect on systemic low-grade inflammation. The significant metabolites were reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Lovrić
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Centre for Applied Bioanthropology, Institute for Anthropological Research, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Computer Science and Information Technology Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Kneza Trpimira 2b, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Tingting Wang
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mads Rønnow Staffe
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Food Science, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Frb. C., Denmark
| | - Iva Šunić
- Centre for Applied Bioanthropology, Institute for Anthropological Research, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Jessica Lasky-Su
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Centre for Applied Bioanthropology, Institute for Anthropological Research, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Computer Science and Information Technology Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Kneza Trpimira 2b, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Food Science, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Frb. C., Denmark
- Know-Center, Inffeldgasse 13, AT-8010 Graz
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Bo Chawes
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten Arendt Rasmussen
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Food Science, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Frb. C., Denmark
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13
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Martin ȘA, Martin-Hadmaș RM. A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Dietary Patterns in Healthy Adolescents: Energy Balance, Nutrient Intake, Body Mass, and Serum Marker Alterations. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1714. [PMID: 37892377 PMCID: PMC10605147 DOI: 10.3390/children10101714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: With shifts in daily dietary habits, concerns have arisen regarding potential impacts on metabolic health. This study sought to investigate the interplay between nutrient intake and its effects on the anthropometric and inflammatory profiles of young individuals. (2) Methods: Our approach examined the interrelation of caloric, macronutrient, and vitamin intakes with inflammatory markers, serum cholesterol, triglycerides, and other key metrics. The impact of these factors on body mass and inflammation was evaluated. (3) Results: This study found that while increased caloric intake corresponded to a rise in body fat mass, it did not significantly alter body weight, total protein, or fat profile. A dominant carbohydrate intake negatively correlated with vitamin B consumption. Interestingly, only vitamin K showcased a direct association with IL-6, while IL-8 remained unassociated with dietary intake and body mass metrics. (4) Conclusions: Dietary intake undeniably influences nutrient consumption and subsequently affects body mass metrics. Though an escalation in body fat mass was evident with increased food intake, the relationship between vitamins and inflammatory markers, based on macronutrient and caloric intake, remains inconclusive. The findings point to the potential regulatory roles of proteins and select vitamins in inflammation, emphasizing the need for deeper longitudinal studies to further validate these connections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ștefan Adrian Martin
- Department of Physiology, Center for Advanced Medical and Pharmaceutical Research, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mureș, Gheorghe Marinescu 38, 540139 Târgu Mures, Romania
| | - Roxana Maria Martin-Hadmaș
- Department of Community Nutrition and Food Safety, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mureș, Gheorghe Marinescu 38, 540139 Târgu Mureș, Romania;
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14
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Mashauri HL. Scurvy: A treatable forgotten fatal differential diagnosis and potential etiology of leukemia and aplastic anemia in pediatric population. Health Sci Rep 2023; 6:e1611. [PMID: 37808934 PMCID: PMC10552072 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Scurvy is a rare nutritional deficiency disease which is less likely to be suspected and it mostly lead to delayed diagnosis. It can present with features which can mislead clinicians to misdiagnose the condition as leukemia or aplastic anemia. This can subject patients to the wrong management which leads to poor outcome and increased preventable morbidity and mortality. Vitamin C deficiency is still prevalent among pediatric population even in the modern days and should no longer be considered as historical condition. Chromosomal fragility has been greatly accounted for the development of leukemia and aplastic anemia secondary to various triggers. The role of vitamin C toward DNA stability, prevention, and control of mutations have been documented. Vitamin C plays a vital role in hematopoiesis by controlling regulation and prevent dysfunction of hematopoietic stem cells. Scurvy deficiency has been a silent growing clinical problem which needs a high index of suspicion for a clinician to pick it. It should be considered as one among potential differential diagnosis of leukemia and aplastic anemia especially in the pediatric population. History of any dietary restriction should be obtained and addressed properly. Serum vitamin C should be among the essential laboratory workout in diagnosis of both leukemia and aplastic anemia. All patients suspected to have such conditions should be screened and supplemented for vitamin C deficiency irrespective of positive confirmatory test results of leukemia or aplastic anemia since the probability of co-occurrence is likely also. Moreover, studies should be conducted to explore the clinical link, if any, between vitamin C deficiency or insufficiency and development of leukemia and aplastic anemia among the pediatric population given its physiological and genomic role in hematopoiesis. Furthermore, the potential pharmacological therapeutic use of vitamin C in treatment of leukemia and aplastic anemia should be determined clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harold L. Mashauri
- Department of Pediatrics and Child HealthKilimanjaro Christian Medical University CollegeMoshiTanzania
- Department of Internal MedicineKilimanjaro Christian Medical University CollegeMoshiTanzania
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsKilimanjaro Christian Medical University CollegeMoshiTanzania
- Department of PhysiologyKilimanjaro Christian Medical University CollegeMoshiTanzania
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15
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Townsend JR, Kirby TO, Marshall TM, Church DD, Jajtner AR, Esposito R. Foundational Nutrition: Implications for Human Health. Nutrients 2023; 15:2837. [PMID: 37447166 DOI: 10.3390/nu15132837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Human nutrition, and what can be considered "ideal" nutrition, is a complex, multi-faceted topic which many researchers and practitioners deliberate. While some attest that basic human nutrition is relatively understood, it is undeniable that a global nutritional problem persists. Many countries struggle with malnutrition or caloric deficits, while others encounter difficulties with caloric overconsumption and micronutrient deficiencies. A multitude of factors contribute to this global problem. Limitations to the current scope of the recommended daily allowances (RDAs) and dietary reference intakes (DRIs), changes in soil quality, and reductions in nutrient density are just a few of these factors. In this article, we propose a new, working approach towards human nutrition designated "Foundational Nutrition". This nutritional lens combines a whole food approach in conjunction with micronutrients and other nutrients critical for optimal human health with special consideration given to the human gut microbiome and overall gut health. Together, this a synergistic approach which addresses vital components in nutrition that enhances the bioavailability of nutrients and to potentiate a bioactive effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy R Townsend
- Research, Nutrition, and Innovation, Athletic Greens International, Carson City, NV 89701, USA
- Department of Kinesiology, Lipscomb University, Nashville, TN 37204, USA
| | - Trevor O Kirby
- Research, Nutrition, and Innovation, Athletic Greens International, Carson City, NV 89701, USA
| | - Tess M Marshall
- Research, Nutrition, and Innovation, Athletic Greens International, Carson City, NV 89701, USA
| | - David D Church
- Department of Geriatrics, Center for Translational Research in Aging & Longevity, Donald W. Reynolds Institute on Aging, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Adam R Jajtner
- Exercise Science and Exercise Physiology, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44240, USA
| | - Ralph Esposito
- Research, Nutrition, and Innovation, Athletic Greens International, Carson City, NV 89701, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Food Studies, and Public Health, New York University-Steinhardt, New York, NY 10003, USA
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16
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Verma M, Aditi A, Kapoor N, Sharma P, Kakkar M, Kakkar R, Kalra S. Childhood Obesity and Essential Micronutrients: Insights from India's Comprehensive National Nutrition Survey (2016-18). Diabetes Ther 2023:10.1007/s13300-023-01424-2. [PMID: 37264296 PMCID: PMC10299976 DOI: 10.1007/s13300-023-01424-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Based on the long-term impact of childhood obesity, there is a compelling need to assess the burden of obesity and micronutrient deficiency and the interactions between the two. Thus, the aims of the study were to estimate the prevalence of overweight and obese children and adolescents to compare micro-nutrient levels in these children with normal and underweight categories and explore the factors affecting overweight and obesity in the presence of micronutrient deficiencies. METHODS Secondary data analysis of the Comprehensive National Nutrition Survey-India (2017-2018) was done. The survey recorded information from 112,245 preschool children (6-60 months), school age children (5-9 years), and adolescents (10-19 years). Half of these participants were invited for biochemical testing and were included in our analysis. The presence of overweight or obesity and micronutrient (serum erythrocyte folate; vitamin B12, A, and D; ferritin; zinc; and urinary iodine) deficiencies were the primary outcomes. The secondary outcome included the mean serum levels and predictors of overweight and obesity in the presence of micronutrient deficiencies. RESULTS Of the 38,060, 38,355, and 35,830 preschool, school-age, and adolescent study participants, about 2.69, 4.18, and 4.99% were overweight or obese. We observed significant variations in the mean folate and vitamin B12 levels among the overweight and obese preschool and school-age children compared to the normal weight group. School-age children exhibited significant differences in all micronutrient levels. In contrast, adolescents only showed substantial differences in vitamin D and A and serum ferritin levels. The predictors of overweight and obesity included geographical locations, wealth quintiles, and societal castes. Iron, folate, vitamin D, and zinc levels significantly affect the odds of developing childhood overweight and obesity. CONCLUSIONS It is vital to halt the growing burden of childhood overweight and obesity. Addressing micronutrient deficiencies can help us bring a sustainable and feasible approach to managing this menace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhur Verma
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bathinda, Bathinda, Punjab, India.
| | - Aditi Aditi
- International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS), Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400088, India
| | - Nitin Kapoor
- Department of Endocrine, Diabetes and Metabolism, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632004, India
- Non-Communicable Disease Unit, The Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Priyanka Sharma
- Department of Preventive Oncology, MPMMCC, and HBCH, TMC, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Monica Kakkar
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bathinda, Bathinda, Punjab, 151001, India
| | - Rakesh Kakkar
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bathinda, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Sanjay Kalra
- Department of Endocrinology, Bharti Hospital, Karnal, Haryana, India.
- University Centre for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, India.
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17
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Chen G, Weiskirchen S, Weiskirchen R. Vitamin A: too good to be bad? Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1186336. [PMID: 37284305 PMCID: PMC10239981 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1186336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin A is a micronutrient important for vision, cell growth, reproduction and immunity. Both deficiency and excess consuming of vitamin A cause severe health consequences. Although discovered as the first lipophilic vitamin already more than a century ago and the definition of precise biological roles of vitamin A in the setting of health and disease, there are still many unresolved issues related to that vitamin. Prototypically, the liver that plays a key role in the storage, metabolism and homeostasis of vitamin A critically responds to the vitamin A status. Acute and chronic excess vitamin A is associated with liver damage and fibrosis, while also hypovitaminosis A is associated with alterations in liver morphology and function. Hepatic stellate cells are the main storage site of vitamin A. These cells have multiple physiological roles from balancing retinol content of the body to mediating inflammatory responses in the liver. Strikingly, different animal disease models also respond to vitamin A statuses differently or even opposing. In this review, we discuss some of these controversial issues in understanding vitamin A biology. More studies of the interactions of vitamin A with animal genomes and epigenetic settings are anticipated in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxun Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, College of Biomedicine and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Sabine Weiskirchen
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ralf Weiskirchen
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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18
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Calcaterra V, Verduci E, Milanta C, Agostinelli M, Todisco CF, Bona F, Dolor J, La Mendola A, Tosi M, Zuccotti G. Micronutrient Deficiency in Children and Adolescents with Obesity-A Narrative Review. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:children10040695. [PMID: 37189944 DOI: 10.3390/children10040695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Childhood obesity represents a serious public health burden. Despite excessive dietary consumption, children with obesity present high rates of micronutrient deficiencies, such as deficiencies in minerals and specific vitamins; micronutrient deficiencies may have a pathogenic role in obesity-related metabolic comorbidities. In this narrative review, we analyzed the main deficiencies associated with obesity, their clinical consequences, and the evidence about a possible supplementation. Iron; vitamins A, B, C, D, and E; folic acid; zinc; and copper deficiencies represent the most common deficient microelements. The relationship between obesity and multiple micronutrient deficiencies remains unclear, and different mechanisms have been proposed. The medical care plan for pediatric obesity should include food choices with high nutritional content as part of a crucial approach to obesity-related complications. Unfortunately, only a few studies are available regarding the efficacy of oral supplementation or weight loss for treating them; thus, continuous nutritional monitoring is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Calcaterra
- Pediatrics and Adolescentology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Pediatric Department, Buzzi Children's Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy
| | - Elvira Verduci
- Pediatric Department, Buzzi Children's Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Milanta
- Pediatric Department, Buzzi Children's Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Federica Bona
- Pediatric Department, Buzzi Children's Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy
| | - Jonabel Dolor
- Pediatric Department, Buzzi Children's Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy
| | - Alice La Mendola
- Pediatric Department, Buzzi Children's Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy
| | - Martina Tosi
- Pediatric Department, Buzzi Children's Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy
| | - Gianvincenzo Zuccotti
- Pediatric Department, Buzzi Children's Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy
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19
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Wirth JP, Zeng W, Petry N, Rohner F, Glenn S, Donkor WES, Wegmüller R, Boy E, Lividini K. The global burden of high fasting plasma glucose associated with zinc deficiency: Results of a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 3:e0001353. [PMID: 36963036 PMCID: PMC10022216 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0001353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) account for the largest share of the global disease burden, and increasing evidence shows that zinc deficiency (ZD) contributes to NCDs by inducing oxidative stress, insulin resistance, and impaired lipid metabolism. A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to determine whether ZD was associated with fasting plasma glucose (FPG), a key risk factor for NCDs. A random effects meta-analysis was conducted to determine the strength of the association in the form of an odds ratio (OR) and subsequently the population attributable risk (PAR) with population prevalences of high FPG. The disease burden from high FPG attributable to ZD was expressed as disability adjusted life years (DALYS). Data from seven studies were obtained as part of the systematic review. The meta-analysis shows a significant (p<0.01) inverse relationship between ZD and high FPG (OR = 2.34; 95% CI: 1.16, 4.72). Globally, the PAR of ZD's contribution to high FPG is 6.7%, with approximately 8.2 million high FPG DALYs attributable to ZD. Cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and chronic kidney diseases account for more than 90% of the total DALYs. Total DALYs attributable to ZD are largest in the "Southeast Asia, East Asia, and Oceania" and "High Income" Super Regions. While the disease burden is highest among populous countries (e.g., China, India, USA), the population-standardized DALYs are highest among island nations, particularly island nations in the South Pacific and Caribbean. While ZD accounts for a small share of the high FPG disease burden, the total number of DALYs far surpasses other estimates of the disease burden attributable to ZD, which focus on diarrheal diseases in childhood. Zinc interventions are urgently needed to help address the increasing disease burden from NCDs, and the double burden of malnutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wu Zeng
- GroundWork, Fläsch, Switzerland
- School of Health, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | | | | | - Scott Glenn
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | | | | | - Erick Boy
- Research Delivery & Impact Division/International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Keith Lividini
- Research Delivery & Impact Division/International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), Washington, DC, United States of America
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20
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The diabetogenic effects of chronic supplementation of vitamin C or E in rats: Interplay between liver and adipose tissues transcriptional machinery of lipid metabolism. Life Sci 2022; 306:120812. [PMID: 35863427 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM The chronic administration of vitamin C and E can differentially disrupt hepatic insulin molecular pathway in rats. Hence, this study evaluated their effects on lipogenesis in the liver and adipose tissue and investigated the possible involvement of microRNA (miR)-22/29a/27a in the induced impaired glucose tolerance. MAIN METHODS Wistar rats were orally supplemented with vitamin C (100, 200, and 500 mg/kg) or vitamin E (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) for eight months. KEY FINDINGS Vitamin C or E at the highest doses significantly altered liver weight and index, serum and hepatic lipids, adiponectin, and liver enzymes; besides their reported unfavorable effect on glucose homeostasis. Vitamin C and E negatively affected peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor coactivator-1 (PGC-1α), sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-1c/-2, miR-22/29a/27a expression, and adipose perilipin 1 to different extents, effects that were supported by the histopathological examination. SIGNIFICANCE The current study provides a deeper insight into the findings of our previous study and highlights the detrimental effects of chronic vitamins supplementation on lipid metabolism. Overall, these findings emphasize the damage caused by the mindless use of supplements and reinforce the role of strict medical monitoring, particularly during the new COVID-19 era during which numerous commercial supplements are claiming to improve immunity.
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刘 瑞, 陈 阳, 武 海, 熊 凤, 何 方, 李 园. [Levels of fat-soluble vitamins A, D, and E and their influencing factors in children with obesity]. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2022; 24:572-578. [PMID: 35644199 PMCID: PMC9154372 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2111031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the levels of fat-soluble vitamins A, D, and E in children with obesity and their influencing factors. METHODS A total of 273 children with obesity who attended the Department of Clinical Nutrition, Xi'an Children's Hospital, from January 2019 to April 2021 were enrolled as the obesity group. A total of 226 children with normal body weight who underwent physical examination during the same period were enrolled as the control group. Anthropometric parameters and body composition were measured for both groups, and the serum concentrations of vitamins A, D, and E were also measured. RESULTS Compared with the control group, the obesity group had significantly higher serum levels of vitamin A [(1.32±0.21) μmol/L vs (1.16±0.21) μmol/L, P<0.001] and vitamin E [(9.3±1.4) mg/L vs (8.3±1.2) mg/L, P<0.001] and a significant reduction in the level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [(49±22) nmol/L vs (62±24) nmol/L, P<0.001]. In the obesity group, the prevalence rates of marginal vitamin A deficiency, vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency, and vitamin E insufficiency were 5.5% (15/273), 56.8% (155/273), and 4.0% (11/273), respectively. After adjustment for body mass index Z-score and waist-to-height ratio, serum vitamin A level was positively correlated with age (P<0.001), while vitamins E and 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were negatively correlated with age in children with obesity (P<0.001). After adjustment for age, the serum levels of vitamin A, vitamin E and 25-hydroxyvitamin D were not correlated with degree of obesity, percentage of body fat, and duration of obesity in children with obesity, while the serum levels of vitamins A and E were positively correlated with waist-to-height ratio (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS There are higher serum levels of vitamins A and E in children with obesity, especially in those with abdominal obesity, while serum vitamin D nutritional status is poor and worsens with age. Therefore, vitamin D nutritional status should be taken seriously for children with obesity, and vitamin D supplementation should be performed when necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - 海滨 武
- 西安市儿童医院/陕西省儿科疾病研究所, 陕西西安710003
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Chen CW, Chen LK, Huang TY, Yang DM, Liu SY, Tsai PJ, Chen TH, Lin HF, Juan CC. Nitric Oxide Mobilizes Intracellular Zn2+ via the GC/cGMP/PKG Signaling Pathway and Stimulates Adipocyte Differentiation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105488. [PMID: 35628299 PMCID: PMC9143299 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma and tissue zinc ion levels are associated with the development of obesity. Previous studies have suggested that zinc ions may regulate adipocyte metabolism and that nitric oxide (NO) plays a pivotal role in the regulation of adipocyte physiology. Our previous study showed that chronic NO deficiency causes a significant decrease in adipose tissue mass in rats. Studies also suggested that zinc ions play an important modulatory role in regulating NO function. This study aims to explore the role of zinc ions in NO-regulated adipocyte differentiation. We hypothesized that NO could increase intracellular Zn2+ level and then stimulate adipocyte differentiation. ZnCl2 and the NO donor, NONOate, were used to explore the effects of Zn2+ and NO on adipocyte differentiation. Regulatory mechanisms of NO on intracellular Zn2+ mobilization were determined by detection. Then, Zn2+-selective chelator TPEN was used to clarify the role of intracellular Zn2+ on NO-regulated adipocyte differentiation. Furthermore, the relationship between adipocyte size, Zn2+ level, and NOS expression in human subcutaneous fat tissue was elucidated. Results showed that both ZnCl2 and NO stimulated adipocyte differentiation in a dose-dependent manner. NO stimulated intracellular Zn2+ mobilization in adipocytes through the guanylate cyclase (GC)/cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)/protein kinase G (PKG) pathway, and NO-stimulated adipocyte differentiation was Zn2+-dependent. In human subcutaneous adipose tissue, adipocyte size was negatively correlated with expression of eNOS. In conclusion, NO treatment stimulates intracellular Zn2+ mobilization through the GC/cGMP/PKG pathway, subsequently stimulating adipocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Wei Chen
- College of Human Development and Health, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei 112303, Taiwan;
| | - Luen-Kui Chen
- Institute of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan; (L.-K.C.); (T.-Y.H.); (S.-Y.L.)
| | - Tai-Ying Huang
- Institute of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan; (L.-K.C.); (T.-Y.H.); (S.-Y.L.)
| | - De-Ming Yang
- Institute of Biophotonics, College of Biomedical Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112201, Taiwan
| | - Shui-Yu Liu
- Institute of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan; (L.-K.C.); (T.-Y.H.); (S.-Y.L.)
| | - Pei-Jiun Tsai
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan; (P.-J.T.); (T.-H.C.)
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112201, Taiwan
- Trauma Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112201, Taiwan
| | - Tien-Hua Chen
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan; (P.-J.T.); (T.-H.C.)
- Trauma Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112201, Taiwan
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112201, Taiwan
| | - Heng-Fu Lin
- Division of Trauma, Department of Surgery, Far-Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 220216, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan 320315, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (H.-F.L.); (C.-C.J.)
| | - Chi-Chang Juan
- Institute of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan; (L.-K.C.); (T.-Y.H.); (S.-Y.L.)
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112201, Taiwan
- Department of Education and Research, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei 103212, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (H.-F.L.); (C.-C.J.)
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Qorbani M, Seif E, Heshmat R, Ghonbalani ZN, Basiry P, Kazemian E, Kelishadi R. Association of Serum Retinol Concentrations With Metabolic Syndrome Components in Iranian Children and Adolescents: The CASPIAN-V Study. Front Nutr 2022; 9:807634. [PMID: 35634391 PMCID: PMC9137422 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.807634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As a fat-soluble vitamin, vitamin A plays a crucial role in adipogenesis, lipolysis, insulin resistance, and obesity. However, it is still unclear whether they are associated with cardiometabolic risk factors in children and adolescents. The current study aimed to determine the association between serum retinol concentration and the cluster of metabolic syndrome components among children and adolescents. Methods This nationwide cross-sectional study was performed on 2,518 students aged 7–18 years from the Childhood and Adolescence Surveillance and Prevention of Adult Non- communicable disease (CASPIAN-V) study. Students were selected via multistage cluster sampling method from 30 provinces of Iran in 2015. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the association of serum retinol concentration with metabolic syndrome (MetS) components. Results Overall, the mean (SD) age of study participants was 12.16 (3.04) years, and 44.9% (n = 1,166) of them were girls. The mean serum retinol concentration was 1.48 ± 1.55 μmol/L and vitamin A deficiency was observed among 19.7% (95% CI: 18.2–21.3) of study subjects. The results of the logistic regression analysis showed that increasing serum retinol concentrations were associated with an increased likelihood of developing obesity (OR: 1.12, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.20), abdominal obesity (OR: 1.07, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.14), low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (OR: 1.10, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.16) and high fasting blood glucose (FBG) (OR: 1.21, 95% CI: 1.10, 1.35), whereas it was associated with a decreased odds of developing high blood pressure (OR: 0.82, 95% CI: 0.73, 0.93). Nevertheless, there was no statistically significant association between metabolic syndrome itself and retinol concentration (OR: 1.02, 95% CI: 0.88, 1.18). Conclusion We found that serum retinol concentration was positively associated with metabolic syndrome components such as obesity, low HDL-C, and high FBG, but not with metabolic syndrome itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Qorbani
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Seif
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramin Heshmat
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Nouri Ghonbalani
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Pouria Basiry
- Student Research Committee, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Elham Kazemian
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
- *Correspondence: Elham Kazemian
| | - Roya Kelishadi
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Angeles-Agdeppa I, Nakamura T, Sugita M, Toledo MB, Sampaga PC, Zamora JAT. Dietary risk factors of physical growth of Filipino school-aged children. Food Nutr Res 2022. [DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v66.7873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Trapani S, Rubino C, Indolfi G, Lionetti P. A Narrative Review on Pediatric Scurvy: The Last Twenty Years. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030684. [PMID: 35277043 PMCID: PMC8840722 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Scurvy is a well-known clinical condition caused by vitamin C deficiency. Although considered a rare disease in high-income countries, it has been recently increasingly reported in children, especially in those with abnormal dietary habits, mental or physical disabilities. We performed an extensive review of the literature analyzing studies published in the last 20 years focusing on clinical features, differential diagnosis and diagnostic delay. Fifteen articles were selected, collectively reporting a total of 166 children. Because of the wide clinical spectrum (musculoskeletal complaints and/or mucocutaneous lesions or systemic symptoms), scurvy can mimic several conditions, including autoimmune diseases, infections, and neoplasia. In addition, frequent findings such as normal nutritional status, anemia or elevated inflammatory markers may guide clinicians towards the abovementioned misdiagnoses. Scurvy should be considered in patients presenting with musculoskeletal complaints, not only in those with risk factors but also in healthy children. A focused dietary history and a careful physical examination, assessing other signs of vitamin C deficiency, are mandatory in these patients. When suspected, the dosage of serum vitamin C is the diagnostic gold standard; furthermore, imaging studies, performed by an expert radiologist, can reveal the typical features of scurvy. Only early diagnosis can avoid unnecessary investigations and potentially fatal complications of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Trapani
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Health Sciences, Meyer Children’s University Hospital, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 24, 50137 Florence, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-055-5662480
| | - Chiara Rubino
- Pediatric Unit, Meyer Children’s University Hospital, Viale Pieraccini 24, 50137 Florence, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Indolfi
- Pediatric Unit, Department of NEUROFARBA, Meyer Children’s University Hospital, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 24, 50137 Florence, Italy;
| | - Paolo Lionetti
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of NEUROFARBA, Meyer Children’s University Hospital, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 24, 50137 Florence, Italy;
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Associations between Serum Vitamin A and Metabolic Risk Factors among Eastern Chinese Children and Adolescents. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030610. [PMID: 35276969 PMCID: PMC8839095 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin A, a fat-soluble essential vitamin, is implicated in a large range of physiological processes. Up to now, the associations between vitamin A and metabolic syndrome (MetS) or other metabolic risk factors are controversial in children and adolescents. Thus, we aimed to dig into the relationship of vitamin A with MetS and many other metabolic risk factors. This was a cross-sectional study derived from the China National Nutrition and Health Surveillance of Children and Lactating Mothers. A total of 3025 school-aged (7–17 years) children and adolescents were selected by applying multistage stratified cluster random sampling methods in the Jiangsu Province of eastern China. Through enquiry survey, anthropometric measurement and laboratory examination, relevant information and blood biochemical indexes of the participants were collected in this study. MetS was identified according to the modified criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program–Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP III). Multivariate logistic analysis and the generalized additive model (GAM) were used to analyze the relationship between vitamin A and various metabolic risk factors. The overweight, obesity and MetS prevalence of children and adolescents in this study was 14.0%, 11.9% and 5.1%, respectively. The risk of prevalent MetS, general obesity, high low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high total cholesterol (TC) and hyperuricemia increased with vitamin A in a dose-dependent way. Logistic regression analysis showed that serum vitamin A Z scores were positively associated with MetS and central obesity, elevated blood pressure (BP) and elevated triglyceride (TG). Sex stratification analysis showed that both in male and female participants, the risk of prevalent MetS, general obesity, high LDL, high TC and hyperuricemia still increased with vitamin A levels. MetS was at a high prevalence level in children and adolescents in Jiangsu that were 7–17 years old. Vitamin A was positively associated with obesity, MetS, dyslipidemia and hyperuricemia. More public health measures and new visions should focus on the effects of retinol on children and adolescents.
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Yang HJ, Kim MJ, Hur HJ, Lee BK, Kim MS, Park S. Association Between Korean-Style Balanced Diet and Risk of Abdominal Obesity in Korean Adults: An Analysis Using KNHANES-VI (2013-2016). Front Nutr 2022; 8:772347. [PMID: 35127781 PMCID: PMC8811126 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.772347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abdominal obesity is a critical factor for metabolic diseases, and specific eating patterns such as the Mediterranean diet help prevent metabolic diseases. This study aimed to investigate the association between the modified Korean health eating index (MKHEI), including a Korean-balanced diet, and abdominal obesity risk according to genders in adults aged 20-64 years (4,886 males and 7,431 females), using the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey VI (2013-2016). Adjusted means and 95% confidence intervals of MKHEI scores and nutrient intake estimated using the 24-h recall method were calculated according to abdominal obesity (waist circumference ≥90 cm for men and ≥85 cm for women) after adjusting for age, residence area, region, education, income, drinking status, smoking status, marital status, and exercise. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for abdominal obesity were measured according to MKHEI tertiles using logistic regression analysis while controlling for covariates. Individuals aged >50 years, married, below high school, lower-income, heavy alcohol drinkers, past and current smokers, and males living in the southern areas had a higher risk of abdominal obesity. In both genders, the scores of all MKHEI components were lower in the abdominal obesity group (n = 2,895) than in the control group (n = 9,422). Further, the scores of fruits with and without fruit juice and those of beans, including fermented beans, were lower in the abdominal obesity group only in females but not in males. Further, the scores of fast foods were higher in the abdominal obesity group than in the control group only in females. After adjusting for covariates, the adjusted OR for abdominal obesity was inversely associated with Korean balanced diet (KBD) related to KHEI scores. Unlike KBD, MKHEI of Western-style diet was not associated with abdominal obesity in either gender. In conclusion, KBD can lower the risk of abdominal obesity in females and should thus be recommended to prevent abdominal obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jeong Yang
- Department of Food Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, South Korea
| | - Min Jung Kim
- Department of Food Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, South Korea
| | - Haeng Jeon Hur
- Department of Food Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, South Korea
| | - Byoung Kook Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, South Korea
| | - Myung-Sunny Kim
- Department of Food Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, South Korea
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Wanju-gun, South Korea
| | - Sunmin Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Obesity/Diabetes Research Center, Hoseo University, Asan, South Korea
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Mohammadi H, Talebi S, Ghavami A, Rafiei M, Sharifi S, Faghihimani Z, Ranjbar G, Miraghajani M, Askari G. Effects of zinc supplementation on inflammatory biomarkers and oxidative stress in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2021; 68:126857. [PMID: 34560424 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2021.126857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE Current evidence is debatable regarding the feasible effects of zinc supplementation on the inflammation and oxidative stress status of adults. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to clarify this inconclusiveness. MATERIALS AND METHODS Literature search was conducted via online databases such as PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar until June 2020. The overall effect was presented as the weighted mean difference (WMD) at 95 % confidence interval (CI) in a random-effects meta-analysis model. Publication bias was also assessed using Egger's and Begg's statistics. RESULTS In total, 25 clinical trials (n = 1428) were reviewed, which indicated that zinc supplementation significantly affects the concentration of C- reactive protein (WMD: -0.03 mg/l; 95 % CI: -0.06, 0.0; P = 0.029), interlukin-6 (WMD: -3.81 pg/mL; 95 % CI: -6.87, -0.76; P = 0.014), malondialdehyde (WMD: -0.78 μmol/l; 95 % CI: -1.14, -0.42; P < 0.001), and total antioxidant capacity (WMD: 95.96 mmol/l; 95 % CI: 22.47, 169.44; P = 0.010). In addition, a significant between-study heterogeneity and a non-significant increment was reported in nitric oxide (WMD: 1.47 μmol/l; 95 % CI: -2.45, 5.40; P = 0.461) and glutathione (WMD: 34.84 μmol/l; 95 % CI: -5.12, 74.80; P = 0.087). CONCLUSION According to the results, zinc supplementation may have beneficial anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Mohammadi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepide Talebi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abed Ghavami
- Student Research Committee, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Rafiei
- Student Research Committee, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shima Sharifi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zahra Faghihimani
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Golnaz Ranjbar
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Miraghajani
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; The Early Life Research Unit, Division of Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Nottingham Digestive Disease Centre and Biomedical Research Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Gholamreza Askari
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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Rodríguez-Tomàs E, Baiges-Gaya G, Castañé H, Arenas M, Camps J, Joven J. Trace elements under the spotlight: A powerful nutritional tool in cancer. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2021; 68:126858. [PMID: 34537473 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2021.126858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide. Research on the relationships between trace elements (TE) and the development of cancer or its prevention is a field that is gaining increasing relevance. This review provides an evaluation of the effects of TE (As, Al, B, Cd, Cr, Cu, F, I, Pb, Li, Mn, Hg, Mo, Ni, Se, Si, Sn, V and Zn) intake and supplementation in cancer risk and prevention, as well as their interactions with oncology treatments. Advancements in the knowledge of TE, their dietary interactions and their main food sources can provide patients with choices that will help them to improve their quality of life and therapy outcomes. This approach could open new opportunities for treatments based on the integration of conventional therapies (chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy) and dietary interventions that provide advanced personalized treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabet Rodríguez-Tomàs
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C. Sant Joan s/n, 43201, Reus, Spain; Department of Radiation Oncology, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Doctor Josep Laporte 2, 43204, Reus, Spain
| | - Gerard Baiges-Gaya
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C. Sant Joan s/n, 43201, Reus, Spain
| | - Helena Castañé
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C. Sant Joan s/n, 43201, Reus, Spain
| | - Meritxell Arenas
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C. Sant Joan s/n, 43201, Reus, Spain; Department of Radiation Oncology, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Doctor Josep Laporte 2, 43204, Reus, Spain
| | - Jordi Camps
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C. Sant Joan s/n, 43201, Reus, Spain
| | - Jorge Joven
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C. Sant Joan s/n, 43201, Reus, Spain
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Mousa SO, Abd Alsamia EM, Moness HM, Mohamed OG. The effect of zinc deficiency and iron overload on endocrine and exocrine pancreatic function in children with transfusion-dependent thalassemia: a cross-sectional study. BMC Pediatr 2021; 21:468. [PMID: 34686155 PMCID: PMC8532363 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-021-02940-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with transfusion-dependent thalassemia (TDT) suffer from secondary hemosiderosis and the delirious effects this iron overload has on their different body organs, including the pancreas. They are also more prone to develop zinc deficiency than the general pediatric population. This study aimed to determine the effect of zinc deficiency and iron overload on the endocrine and exocrine pancreas in TDT children. METHODS Eighty children, already diagnosed with TDT, were included in this study. We assessed the following in the participant children: serum ferritin, serum zinc, endocrine pancreatic function (oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), fasting insulin level and from them, HOMA-IR was calculated), and exocrine pancreatic function (serum lipase and serum amylase). RESULTS Forty-four TDT children had a subnormal zinc level, while 36 of them had a normal serum zinc level. TDT children with low serum zinc had significantly more impaired endocrine pancreatic function and an abnormally high serum lipase than children with normal serum zinc, p < 0.05 in all. Serum zinc was significantly lower in TDT children with serum ferritin above the ferritin threshold (≥2500 ng/ml) than those below (59.1 ± 20.2 vs. 77.5 ± 28.13), p = 0.02. TDT children, having a serum ferritin ≥2500 ng/ml, had significantly more frequently impaired endocrine pancreatic function and abnormally high serum lipase than TDT children below the ferritin threshold, p < 0.05 in all. CONCLUSION In children with transfusion-dependent thalassemia, zinc deficiency aggravates iron-induced pancreatic exocrine and endocrine dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzan O. Mousa
- Pediatric Department, Children’s University hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, El-Minya, Egypt
| | - Ebtihal M. Abd Alsamia
- Pediatric Department, Children’s University hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, El-Minya, Egypt
| | - Hend M. Moness
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Minia University hospitals, Minia University, El-Minya, Egypt
| | - Osama G. Mohamed
- Pediatric Department, Children’s University hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, El-Minya, Egypt
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Abstract
Zinc is an essential trace element involved in catalytic, structural, and regulatory functions, participating also in the metabolism of nutrients. Its role in insulin resistance appears to be of great importance, as it is involved in oxidative stress, the endocrine regulation of insulin, and the regulation of glucose uptake. For this reason, both intake and serum levels of zinc are inversely related to insulin resistance. Currently, zinc intake in children is low, and zinc deficiency exists in a significant proportion. Zinc can be found in meat, fish, eggs, and dairy products. Although it certainly is present in foods of plant origin, their high phytate contents generally reduce its bioavailability. For this reason, it is important to monitor intake throughout childhood, and to consider supplementation in children with insulin resistance or obesity.
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Abstract
Since the discovery of manifest Zn deficiency in 1961, the increasing number of studies demonstrated the association between altered Zn status and multiple diseases. In this chapter, we provide a review of the most recent advances on the role of Zn in health and disease (2010-20), with a special focus on the role of Zn in neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental disorders, diabetes and obesity, male and female reproduction, as well as COVID-19. In parallel with the revealed tight association between ASD risk and severity and Zn status, the particular mechanisms linking Zn2+ and ASD pathogenesis like modulation of synaptic plasticity through ProSAP/Shank scaffold, neurotransmitter metabolism, and gut microbiota, have been elucidated. The increasing body of data indicate the potential involvement of Zn2+ metabolism in neurodegeneration. Systemic Zn levels in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease were found to be reduced, whereas its sequestration in brain may result in modulation of amyloid β and α-synuclein processing with subsequent toxic effects. Zn2+ was shown to possess adipotropic effects through the role of zinc transporters, zinc finger proteins, and Zn-α2-glycoprotein in adipose tissue physiology, underlying its particular role in pathogenesis of obesity and diabetes mellitus type 2. Recent findings also contribute to further understanding of the role of Zn2+ in spermatogenesis and sperm functioning, as well as oocyte development and fertilization. Finally, Zn2+ was shown to be the potential adjuvant therapy in management of novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19), underlining the perspectives of zinc in management of old and new threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatoly V Skalny
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia; Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl, Russia
| | - Michael Aschner
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia; Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Alexey A Tinkov
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia; Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl, Russia.
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Iqbal WA, Mendes I, Finney K, Oxley A, Lietz G. Reduced plasma carotenoids in individuals suffering from metabolic diseases with disturbances in lipid metabolism: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2021; 72:879-891. [PMID: 33586569 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2021.1882962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
This review summarises the association between serum carotenoids, serum retinoids and dietary intake outcomes with obesity/overweight and individuals with metabolic diseases with disturbances in lipid metabolism. Observational studies reporting dietary intakes and serum concentrations of carotenoids and retinol were collected from Medline and Web of Science. Mean differences were calculated between "cases" (classified as obese, overweight or having a metabolic disease with disturbances in lipid metabolism; i.e. non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidaemia or metabolic syndrome) and "comparator group" (classified as normal weight healthy individuals) and summarised in meta-analyses. Significant summary measures were observed for most serum provitamin A and non-provitamin A carotenoids. Studies reporting total serum carotenoids had shown the greatest decrease (-0.28 µmol/l [-0.33, -0.23], p<.001, I2=62.5%, n = 7). There were no significant summary measures for dietary outcomes, suggesting a physiological role of low serum carotenoids in the development of obesity and associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wasim A Iqbal
- Plant and Microbe Group, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Ines Mendes
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Divino Espírito Santo Hospital, Ponta Delgada, Portugal
| | - Kieran Finney
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Anthony Oxley
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Georg Lietz
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
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de Carvalho LM, de Sousa Carvalho L, de Sousa CB, Beserra JB, da Paz SM, dos Santos MM. Study of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Adolescents: Association between Intake of Vitamins A and E and Lipid Profile. CURRENT NUTRITION & FOOD SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1573401316999200802182509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
The diet of Brazilian adolescents is characterized by high intake of fats
and sugars and low consumption of antioxidant micronutrients, particularly vitamins A and E. In
addition to dietary inadequacies, a significant number of these adolescents present changes in plasma
lipoproteins, which may be caused by environmental and lifestyle factors.
Objective:
To investigate the association between inadequate intake of vitamins A and E and
changes in plasma lipoprotein concentrations in Brazilian adolescents.
Methods:
Cross-sectional, descriptive, multicenter, school-based, nationwide study with 37,023
Brazilian adolescents aged 12 to 17 years were included. Data on sociodemographic characteristics,
vitamin A and E intake, and lipid and anthropometric profile were collected. The Student’s
t-test was used to compare means and a logistic regression to verify associations; analyses were
conducted in the STATA software version 14.0. The study was approved by the Ethics Committees
of the participating institutions and all participants signed an Assent Form.
Results:
The average vitamin A intake was higher among boys, but consumption below recommendation
was found in both sexes. Inadequate intake of vitamins A and E was associated with a higher
risk of low HDL-c levels in male and public school adolescents. Low vitamin E intake was associated
with a higher risk of hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia in Brazilian adolescents.
Conclusion:
This study showed a high prevalence of inadequate intake of vitamins A and E among
Brazilian adolescents and data suggesting associations between low intake of these micronutrients
and changes in plasma lipoprotein concentrations in this public.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiza M.F. de Carvalho
- Department of Nutrition, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | | | - Claudiane B. de Sousa
- Department of Nutrition, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Jessica B. Beserra
- Department of Nutrition, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Suzana M.R.S. da Paz
- Department of Nutrition, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Marize M. dos Santos
- Department of Nutrition, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
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Tinkov AA, Skalnaya MG, Ajsuvakova OP, Serebryansky EP, Chao JCJ, Aschner M, Skalny AV. Selenium, Zinc, Chromium, and Vanadium Levels in Serum, Hair, and Urine Samples of Obese Adults Assessed by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:490-499. [PMID: 32447577 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02177-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate of selenium (Se), zinc (Zn), chromium (Cr), and vanadium (V) levels in blood serum, hair, and urine of adult obese patients. A total of 199 lean and 196 obese subjects were enrolled in the study. Serum, hair, and urinary metal and metalloid analysis were performed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry at NexION 300D (PerkinElmer Inc., USA). The results established that obese subjects were characterized by 47% and 30% lower serum Cr and V levels compared with controls, respectively, whereas serum Se levels exceeded control values by 9%. In contrast, hair Cr, Se, and V content in obese subjects exceeded the control values by 51%, 21%, and 50%, respectively. In turn, hair Zn levels were found to be significantly lower by 11% compared with the lean control values. In urine, the levels of V and Zn were found to be 30% and 18% higher in obese patients. Prevalence of hypertension in obese subjects was associated with a trend for impaired Se and Zn levels. In a regression model adjusted for age, gender, hypertension, atherosclerosis, and glucose intolerance, serum Cr, V, and hair Zn were inversely associated with body mass index (BMI), whereas hair Se was considered as the positive predictor. Our data allow proposing that the observed alterations may at least partially contribute to metabolic disturbances in obesity. In turn, monitoring of Se exposure in a well-nourished adult population is required to reduce its potential contribution to obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey A Tinkov
- Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl, Russia.
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia.
| | - Margarita G Skalnaya
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
- Center for Biotic Medicine, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga P Ajsuvakova
- Federal Research Centre of Biological Systems and Agro-technologies, Russian Academy of Sciences, Orenburg, Russia
- Center for Biotic Medicine, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Jane C-J Chao
- Taipei Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Michael Aschner
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Anatoly V Skalny
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
- Center for Biotic Medicine, Moscow, Russia
- Taipei Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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Thillan K, Lanerolle P, Thoradeniya T, Samaranayake D, Chandrajith R, Wickramasinghe P. Micronutrient status and associated factors of adiposity in primary school children with normal and high body fat in Colombo municipal area, Sri Lanka. BMC Pediatr 2021; 21:14. [PMID: 33407272 PMCID: PMC7786904 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-020-02473-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of obesity and associated risk of chronic diseases are increasing among the paediatric population. The effectiveness of preventive measures and interventions are likely to improve when all factors which associate with obesity in a specific target group are considered. Currently such comprehensive data is unavailable for Sri Lankan children aged 8-9 years. METHODS This paper pertains to the data collected from August-2015 to November-2016 for a case-control study which included cases (high body fat) (N = 160; males-81) and controls (normal body fat) (N = 164; males-80) recruited from primary schools in the Colombo Municipal area. Anthropometry and body composition (Bioelectrical impedance analysis-BIA) were measured. Diet, physical activity and socio-demographic data were collected using validated interviewer administered questionnaires. Serum concentrations of vitamins A, D [25(OH)D], E, folate (serum and red blood cell-RBC), zinc (Zn), selenium (Se), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), cobalt (Co), ferritin, leptin and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were assessed using fasting blood samples. RESULTS Cases were from higher socio-economic strata and spent significantly less time on physical activities, more time on sedentary behaviours and consumed higher energy compared to the controls. Cases from both genders had significantly lower levels of vitamin D [25 (OH)D], Fe and Mg (all p < 0.05) and higher levels of Cu and Ca (all p < 0.01) compared to controls. Higher levels of ferritin and Cr were seen among male (p < 0.001) and female (p > 0.05) cases compared to the controls. However, total serum folate levels were lower in male (p < 0.01) and female (p > 0.05) cases while the RBC folate levels were higher among male (p < 0.01) and female (p > 0.05) cases compared with controls. Vitamins A, E, Se, Mn and Co (p > 0.05) were not significantly different between groups. The inflammatory markers, both hs-CRP and leptin levels were higher among cases (p < 0.001) compared to the controls. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights higher socio-economic status, lower physical activity, more sedentary behaviours, higher energy intake and inconsistent distribution of micronutrients among the children with high body fat when compared with the control group. Increased levels of inflammatory markers indicate the presence of the risk of chronic inflammation in children with high body fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalaichelvi Thillan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Pulani Lanerolle
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Tharanga Thoradeniya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Dulani Samaranayake
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Rohana Chandrajith
- Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Pujitha Wickramasinghe
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Kynsey Road, Colombo, Sri Lanka.
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Wang W, Wang Y, Gao X, Zhao Z, Li L, Yu B, Liu G, Lin P. Association between food and nutrients intakes and coronary plaque vulnerability in patients with coronary heart disease: An optical coherence tomography study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2021; 31:201-208. [PMID: 33268215 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2020.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Dietary intakes play important roles in the prevention and treatment of coronary heart disease (CHD). Coronary plaque vulnerability is the key mechanism leading to CHD progression. We aimed to explore the association between dietary intakes and plaque vulnerability via optical coherence tomography (OCT). METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 314 CHD patients were included in this study. Dietary intake status was assessed by semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire and plaque vulnerability was measured by OCT. The results showed that vegetables were negatively associated with macrophage infiltration, thin cap fibroatheroma (TCFA) and thrombus [odds ratio (OR) = 0.48, 0.38, 0.38, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 0.24-0.93, 0.17-0.84, 0.15-0.94, all P < 0.05]; fruits were negatively associated with lipid plaque, TCFA, rupture and thrombus (OR = 0.17, 0.11, 0.12, 0.20, 95% CI = 0.07-0.39, 0.04-0.29, 0.05-0.28, 0.08-0.55, all P < 0.05); salt was positively associated with lipid plaque and TCFA (OR = 2.59, 2.83, 95% CI = 1.14-5.90, 1.23-6.51, all P < 0.05). Regarding nutrients intakes, dietary fiber was negatively associated with macrophage infiltration (OR = 0.34, 95% CI = 0.14-0.85, P = 0.021); folate was negatively associated with lipid plaque, TCFA and rupture (OR = 0.22, 0.16, 0.20, 95% CI = 0.09-0.58, 0.06-0.41, 0.08-0.51, all P < 0.05); vitamin C was negatively associated with TCFA, rupture and thrombus (OR = 0.26, 0.22, 0.05, 95% CI = 0.07-0.95, 0.07-0.65, 0.01-0.25, all P < 0.05); sodium was positively associated with lipid plaque, TCFA, rupture and thrombus (OR = 3.43, 3.96, 2.73, 4.84, 95% CI = 1.51-7.80, 1.66-9.45, 1.18-6.27, 1.76-9.28, all P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Salt and sodium were dietary risk factors for plaque vulnerability, whereas vegetables, fruits, dietary fiber, folate and vitamin C were dietary protective factors for plaque vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqi Wang
- College of Nursing, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China.
| | - Yini Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China.
| | - Xueqin Gao
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China.
| | - Zhenjuan Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China.
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China.
| | - Bo Yu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China.
| | - Guojie Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China; Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China.
| | - Ping Lin
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China.
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Obesity, oxidative DNA damage and vitamin D as predictors of genomic instability in children and adolescents. Int J Obes (Lond) 2021; 45:2095-2107. [PMID: 34158611 PMCID: PMC8380542 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-021-00879-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Epidemiological evidence indicates obesity in childhood and adolescence to be an independent risk factor for cancer and premature mortality in adulthood. Pathological implications from excess adiposity may begin early in life. Obesity is concurrent with a state of chronic inflammation, a well-known aetiological factor for DNA damage. In addition, obesity has been associated with micro-nutritional deficiencies. Vitamin D has attracted attention for its anti-inflammatory properties and role in genomic integrity and stability. The aim of this study was to determine a novel approach for predicting genomic instability via the combined assessment of adiposity, DNA damage, systemic inflammation, and vitamin D status. SUBJECTS/METHODS We carried out a cross-sectional study with 132 participants, aged 10-18, recruited from schools and paediatric obesity clinics in London. Anthropometric assessments included BMI Z-score, waist and hip circumference, and body fat percentage via bioelectrical impedance. Inflammation and vitamin D levels in saliva were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Oxidative DNA damage was determined via quantification of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine in urine. Exfoliated cells from the oral cavity were scored for genomic instability via the buccal cytome assay. RESULTS As expected, comparisons between participants with obesity and normal range BMI showed significant differences in anthropometric measures (p < 0.001). Significant differences were also observed in some measures of genomic instability (p < 0.001). When examining relationships between variables for all participants, markers of adiposity positively correlated with acquired oxidative DNA damage (p < 0.01) and genomic instability (p < 0.001), and negatively correlated with vitamin D (p < 0.01). Multiple regression analyses identified obesity (p < 0.001), vitamin D (p < 0.001), and oxidative DNA damage (p < 0.05) as the three significant predictors of genomic instability. CONCLUSIONS Obesity, oxidative DNA damage, and vitamin D deficiency are significant predictors of genomic instability. Non-invasive biomonitoring and predictive modelling of genomic instability in young patients with obesity may contribute to the prioritisation and severity of clinical intervention measures.
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Rios-Lugo MJ, Madrigal-Arellano C, Gaytán-Hernández D, Hernández-Mendoza H, Romero-Guzmán ET. Association of Serum Zinc Levels in Overweight and Obesity. Biol Trace Elem Res 2020; 198:51-57. [PMID: 32020525 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02060-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Low levels of zinc (Zn) have adverse effects on physiological and metabolic functions in humans, especially in processes linked with obesity. In this work, serum Zn levels and their associations with biochemical parameters (glucose, triglycerides, and total cholesterol), sex, and body mass index (BMI) were determined. The distribution of the study sample by sex was homogeneous: 52.6% were women and 47.4% were men. Women had higher BMI and Zn levels (normal weight and obesity) than men, but the differences in BMI and serum Zn levels by sex were not significant (p > 0.05). Nevertheless, the results obtained showed a decrease in serum Zn levels in overweight and obese individuals (p < 0.05) and a negative correlation between BMI and serum Zn levels (r = - 0.663 and p < 0.001); additionally, a significant correlation was identified between cholesterol and triglyceride values (r = 0.493 and p < 0.001). In conclusion, this study demonstrated decreased serum Zn levels in overweight and obese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Judith Rios-Lugo
- Unidad de Posgrado, Facultad de Enfermería y Nutrición, UASLP, Avda. Niño Artillero 130, CP 78210, San Luis Potosí, S.L.P., Mexico
- Sección de Medicina Molecular y Traslacional, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de Salud y Biomedicina. UASLP, Avda Sierra Leona 550, CP 78210, San Luis, S.L.P., Mexico
| | - Casandra Madrigal-Arellano
- Unidad de Posgrado, Facultad de Enfermería y Nutrición, UASLP, Avda. Niño Artillero 130, CP 78210, San Luis Potosí, S.L.P., Mexico
| | - Darío Gaytán-Hernández
- Unidad de Posgrado, Facultad de Enfermería y Nutrición, UASLP, Avda. Niño Artillero 130, CP 78210, San Luis Potosí, S.L.P., Mexico
| | - Héctor Hernández-Mendoza
- Instituto de Investigación de Zonas Desérticas, UASLP, Altair 200, CP 78377, San Luis, S.L.P., Mexico.
- Universidad del Centro de México, Capitán Caldera 75, CP 78250, San Luis, S.L.P., Mexico.
| | - Elizabeth Teresita Romero-Guzmán
- Laboratorio Nacional de Investigaciones en Forense Nuclear (LANAFONU), Gerencia de Tecnología Nuclear, Dirección de Investigación Tecnológica, Carretera México s/n, CP 52750, Toluca, La Marquesa Ocoyoacác, Mexico
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Ferreira C, Viana SD, Reis F. Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis-Immune Hyperresponse-Inflammation Triad in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Impact of Pharmacological and Nutraceutical Approaches. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E1514. [PMID: 33019592 PMCID: PMC7601735 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8101514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic infection caused by a novel coronavirus named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Patients present a complex clinical picture that, in severe cases, evolves to respiratory, hepatic, gastrointestinal, and neurological complications, and eventually death. The underlying pathophysiological mechanisms are complex and multifactorial and have been summarized as a hyperresponse of the immune system that originates an inflammatory/cytokine storm. In elderly patients, particularly in those with pre-existing cardiovascular, metabolic, renal, and pulmonary disorders, the disease is particularly severe, causing prolonged hospitalization at intensive care units (ICU) and an increased mortality rate. Curiously, the same populations have been described as more prone to a gut microbiota (GM) dysbiosis profile. Intestinal microflora plays a major role in many metabolic and immune functions of the host, including to educate and strengthen the immune system to fight infections, namely of viral origin. Notably, recent studies suggest the existence of GM dysbiosis in COVID-19 patients. This review article highlights the interplay between the triad GM dysbiosis-immune hyperresponse-inflammation in the individual resilience/fragility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and presents the putative impact of pharmacological and nutraceutical approaches on the triumvirate, with focus on GM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Ferreira
- Institute of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sofia D. Viana
- Institute of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal
- Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, ESTESC-Coimbra Health School, Pharmacy, 3046-854 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Flávio Reis
- Institute of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal
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Galmés S, Palou A, Serra F. Increased Risk of High Body Fat and Altered Lipid Metabolism Associated to Suboptimal Consumption of Vitamin A Is Modulated by Genetic Variants rs5888 ( SCARB1), rs1800629 ( UCP1) and rs659366 ( UCP2). Nutrients 2020; 12:E2588. [PMID: 32858880 PMCID: PMC7551832 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is characterized by an excessive body fat percentage (BF%). Animal and cell studies have shown benefits of vitamin A (VA) on BF% and lipid metabolism, but it is still controversial in humans. Furthermore, although some genetic variants may explain heterogeneity in VA plasma levels, their role in VA metabolic response is still scarcely characterized. This study was designed as a combination of an observational study involving 158 male subjects followed by a study with a well-balanced genotype-phenotype protocol, including in the design an ex vivo intervention study performed on isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of the 41 former males. This is a strategy to accurately identify the delivery of Precision Nutrition recommendations to targeted subjects. The study assesses the influence of rs5888 (SCARB1), rs659366 (UCP2), and rs1800629 (UCP1) variants on higher BF% associated with suboptimal VA consumption and underlines the cellular mechanisms involved by analyzing basal and retinoic acid (RA) response on PBMC gene expression. Data show that male carriers with the major allele combinations and following suboptimal-VA diet show higher BF% (adjusted ANOVA test p-value = 0.006). Genotype-BF% interaction is observed on oxidative/inflammatory gene expression and also influences lipid related gene expression in response to RA. Data indicate that under suboptimal consumption of VA, carriers of VA responsive variants and with high-BF% show a gene expression profile consistent with an impaired basal metabolic state. The results show the relevance of consuming VA within the required amounts, its impact on metabolism and energy balance, and consequently, on men's adiposity with a clear influence of genetic variants SCARB1, UCP2 and UCP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastià Galmés
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology, NUO Group, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07122 Palma, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Spain
- Alimentómica S.L., Spin-off n.1 of the University of the Balearic Islands, 07121 Palma, Spain
| | - Andreu Palou
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology, NUO Group, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07122 Palma, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Spain
| | - Francisca Serra
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology, NUO Group, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07122 Palma, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Spain
- Alimentómica S.L., Spin-off n.1 of the University of the Balearic Islands, 07121 Palma, Spain
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Grabeklis AR, Skalny AV, Ajsuvakova OP, Skalnaya AA, Mazaletskaya AL, Klochkova SV, Chang SJS, Nikitjuk DB, Skalnaya MG, Tinkov AA. A Search for Similar Patterns in Hair Trace Element and Mineral Content in Children with Down's Syndrome, Obesity, and Growth Delay. Biol Trace Elem Res 2020; 196:607-617. [PMID: 31713112 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-019-01938-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to perform comparative analysis of hair trace element and mineral levels in children with Down's syndrome, growth delay, and obesity in order to reveal common and specific patterns. Hair Zn (14, 7, and 15%), Ca (38%, 24%, and 47%), and Mg (33%, 31%, and 49%) levels in children with Down's syndrome, obesity, and growth delay were lower than the respective control values. At the same time, patients with Down's syndrome and growth delay were characterized by 27% and 21%, as well as 24% and 20% lower hair Co as well as Cu content than healthy examinees. Certain alterations were found to be disease-specific. Particularly, in Down's syndrome children, hair Cr, Fe, and V levels were significantly lower, whereas hair P content exceeded the control values. Obese children were characterized by significantly increased hair Cr content. At the same time, hair Mn and Si levels in children with growth delay were lower as compared with the controls. In regression models, all three studied diseases were considered as negative predictors of hair Cu content. Down's syndrome and growth delay, but not obesity, were inversely associated with hair Co content. Both Down's syndrome and obesity were inversely associated with hair Zn content. Based on the revealed similarities in altered hair element, content it is proposed that deficiency of essential elements may predispose Down's syndrome patients to certain syndrome comorbidities including growth delay and obesity, although further detailed studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey R Grabeklis
- Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl, Russia, 150003
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Anatoly V Skalny
- Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl, Russia, 150003.
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia.
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia, 119146.
| | - Olga P Ajsuvakova
- Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl, Russia, 150003
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia, 119146
| | | | | | - Svetlana V Klochkova
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia, 119146
| | - Susan J S Chang
- College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, 11031, Taipei, Taiwan
- Nutrition Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, 11031, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Dmitry B Nikitjuk
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia, 119146
- The Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Moscow, Russia
| | - Margarita G Skalnaya
- Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl, Russia, 150003
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia, 119146
| | - Alexey A Tinkov
- Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl, Russia, 150003
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia, 119146
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Antioxidants and Oxidative Stress in Children: Influence of Puberty and Metabolically Unhealthy Status. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9070618. [PMID: 32679739 PMCID: PMC7402162 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9070618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress could help explain the relationship between childhood obesity and a metabolically unhealthy (MU) status. Moreover, puberty could also influence this relationship, since it entails physiological cardiometabolic changes. We aimed to evaluate plasma antioxidants and oxidative stress biomarkers in MU and metabolically healthy (MH) prepubertal and pubertal children and their associations with pro-inflammatory and endothelial damage biomarkers, taking puberty into account. A total of 1444 Spanish children aged 3-17 years (48.9% males, 66% prepubertal, 47.1% with obesity) were recruited. Blood pressure, anthropometric and biochemical parameters were measured, and children were categorized as having a MU or MH status according to risk factors. Retinol, carotenes, tocopherols, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), oxidized low-density lipoprotein and selected pro-inflammatory and endothelial damage biomarkers were analyzed. General linear models adjusted for age, sex, recruitment center and body mass index, partial correlations and stepwise linear regressions were performed. Lower carotenes and tocopherols levels were found in MU than in MH children. Plasma TAC was lower in prepubertal and higher in pubertal children with obesity compared to normal-weight children. Antioxidants and oxidative stress biomarkers showed novel associations with several pro-inflammatory and endothelial damage biomarkers, with pubertal differences, supporting the importance of considering both the antioxidant and oxidative stress status and puberty in the prevention of metabolic diseases in childhood.
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Rowe S, Carr AC. Global Vitamin C Status and Prevalence of Deficiency: A Cause for Concern? Nutrients 2020; 12:E2008. [PMID: 32640674 PMCID: PMC7400810 DOI: 10.3390/nu12072008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin C is an essential nutrient that must be obtained through the diet in adequate amounts to prevent hypovitaminosis C, deficiency and its consequences-including the potentially fatal deficiency disease scurvy. Global vitamin C status and prevalence of deficiency has not previously been reported, despite vitamin C's pleiotropic roles in both non-communicable and communicable disease. This review highlights the global literature on vitamin C status and the prevalence of hypovitaminosis C and deficiency. Related dietary intake is reported if assessed in the studies. Overall, the review illustrates the shortage of high quality epidemiological studies of vitamin C status in many countries, particularly low- and middle-income countries. The available evidence indicates that vitamin C hypovitaminosis and deficiency is common in low- and middle-income countries and not uncommon in high income settings. Further epidemiological studies are required to confirm these findings, to fully assess the extent of global vitamin C insufficiency, and to understand associations with a range of disease processes. Our findings suggest a need for interventions to prevent deficiency in a range of at risk groups and regions of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Rowe
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool L35QA, UK;
| | - Anitra C. Carr
- Nutrition in Medicine Research Group, Department of Pathology & Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand
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Abstract
The vitamin status of a child depends on many factors and most of the clinical studies do not take into account the different access to adequate nutrition of children coming from different countries and the consequent major differences in micronutrients or vitamin deficits between low-income and high-income countries. Vitamin supplements are included in the general field of dietary supplements. There is a large amount of not always factual material concerning vitamin supplements, and this may sometimes create confusion in clinicians and patients. Inadequate information may lead to the risk of attributing beneficial properties leading to their over-use or misuse in the paediatric field. Vitamin supplementation is indicated in all those conditions in which a vitamin deficiency is found, either because of a reduced intake due to reduced availability of certain foods, restrictive diets or inadequate absorption. The lack of guidelines in these fields may lead paediatricians to an improper use of vitamins, both in terms of excessive use or inadequate use. This is due to the fact that vitamin supplementation is often intended as a therapy of support rather than an essential therapeutic tool able to modify disease prognosis. In fact, various vitamins and their derivatives have therapeutic potential in the prevention and treatment of many diseases, especially in emerging conditions of paediatric age such as type 2 diabetes and the metabolic syndrome. The aim of the present article is to analyse the state of the art and consider new perspectives on the role of vitamin supplements in children.
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Freeland-Graves JH, Sachdev PK, Binderberger AZ, Sosanya ME. Global diversity of dietary intakes and standards for zinc, iron, and copper. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2020; 61:126515. [PMID: 32450495 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2020.126515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The essentiality of trace elements in human diets is well recognized and adequate levels are a critical component of optimal health. To date, public health efforts have focused primarily on macronutrients or trace minerals that are easily analyzed. The goal of this research is to provide assessment of the dietary standards developed for Zn, Fe, and Cu in 100+ developed, marginal, and developing countries. We summarize the current recommendations and changes from the last decade, categorize and provide scientific basis for values established, factors that affect requirements, and current global challenges. METHODS The electronic databases of Google Scholar, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane Library were searched using the keywords "trace minerals," "micronutrients, ""zinc," "iron," "copper," "dietary standards" and "recommendations." A total of 123 studies published from 1965 to 2019 were included. RESULTS The World Health Organization (WHO) has established dietary standards to address nutrient deficiencies, prevent infections and ensure basic metabolic functions; these are utilized by most developing countries. Developed countries or their alliances have established values similar to or higher than the WHO, primarily for promotion of optimal health and well-being. Transitional countries are more concerned with issues of bioavailability, food security and undernutrition. Globally, Zn and Cu recommendations are lower in women than in men; Fe requirements are higher to compensate for menstrual losses. Important considerations in establishing guidelines for these minerals include bioaccessibility, dietary practices and restrictions, food processing, interactions, and chemical forms. The global challenges of the triple burden of malnutrition, hidden hunger, increased consumption of ultra-processed foods and obesity have been associated with Zn, Fe, and Cu deficiencies. CONCLUSION This research provides public policy and health professionals evidenced-based information useful for the establishment of dietary standards world-wide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne H Freeland-Graves
- T.S Painter Hall 5.20, The University of Texas at Austin, Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, 103 W 24TH ST A2703, Austin, TX, 78712, United States.
| | - Prageet K Sachdev
- T.S Painter Hall 3.18, The University of Texas at Austin, Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, 103W 24th St A2703, Austin, TX, 78712, United States.
| | - Annemarie Zamora Binderberger
- T.S Painter Hall 3.18, The University of Texas at Austin, Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, 103W 24th St A2703, Austin, TX, 78712, United States.
| | - Mercy Eloho Sosanya
- T.S Painter Hall 3.18, The University of Texas at Austin, Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, 103W 24th St A2703, Austin, TX, 78712, United States.
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Jiang S, Ma X, Li M, Yan S, Zhao H, Pan Y, Wang C, Yao Y, Jin L, Li B. Association between dietary mineral nutrient intake, body mass index, and waist circumference in U.S. adults using quantile regression analysis NHANES 2007-2014. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9127. [PMID: 32411541 PMCID: PMC7204818 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mineral nutrients play an important role in maintaining material and energy metabolism. Reports on mineral nutrient intakes and body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) are rare in the United States. This study examined the relationship between BMI, WC and dietary mineral intakes. METHOD We used the data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007-2014. Nutrient intakes were adjusted for energy according to the residual adjustment method. We used the quantile regression model to analyze the relationship between BMI, WC under different distributions and the average daily mineral intakes. RESULT A total of 19,952 people were included in the study, including 9,879 men and 10,073 women (≥20 years old). The median BMI was 27.935 kg/m2 and the median WC was 97.700 cm. The results of quantile regression showed that calcium, magnesium, potassium, copper, zinc and iron intakes were negatively correlated with BMI and WC, after adjusting for age and gender. Sodium and phosphorus intakes were positively correlated with BMI, sodium intakes were positively correlated with WC. This correlation was enhanced with increasing quantiles of risk levels. In high BMI or high WC populations, mineral intakes had a greater impact on BMI and WC. The quantile regression coefficients of selenium intakes were not statistically significant at each quantile. CONCLUSION Our results suggested that the mineral nutrient intakes were associated with BMI and WC in American adults. However, we also need to further study the longitudinal effects of mineral intakes and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Jilin University School of Public Health, Changchun, Jilin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Ma
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Jilin University School of Public Health, Changchun, Jilin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Jilin University School of Public Health, Changchun, Jilin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shoumeng Yan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Jilin University School of Public Health, Changchun, Jilin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hantong Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Jilin University School of Public Health, Changchun, Jilin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingan Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Jilin University School of Public Health, Changchun, Jilin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Changcong Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Jilin University School of Public Health, Changchun, Jilin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Yao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Jilin University School of Public Health, Changchun, Jilin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lina Jin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Jilin University School of Public Health, Changchun, Jilin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Jilin University School of Public Health, Changchun, Jilin, People’s Republic of China
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Calder PC, Carr AC, Gombart AF, Eggersdorfer M. Optimal Nutritional Status for a Well-Functioning Immune System Is an Important Factor to Protect against Viral Infections. Nutrients 2020; 12:E1181. [PMID: 32340216 PMCID: PMC7230749 DOI: 10.3390/nu12041181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 458] [Impact Index Per Article: 114.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Public health practices including handwashing and vaccinations help reduce the spread and impact of infections. Nevertheless, the global burden of infection is high, and additional measures are necessary. Acute respiratory tract infections, for example, were responsible for approximately 2.38 million deaths worldwide in 2016. The role nutrition plays in supporting the immune system is well-established. A wealth of mechanistic and clinical data show that vitamins, including vitamins A, B6, B12, C, D, E, and folate; trace elements, including zinc, iron, selenium, magnesium, and copper; and the omega-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid play important and complementary roles in supporting the immune system. Inadequate intake and status of these nutrients are widespread, leading to a decrease in resistance to infections and as a consequence an increase in disease burden. Against this background the following conclusions are made: (1) supplementation with the above micronutrients and omega-3 fatty acids is a safe, effective, and low-cost strategy to help support optimal immune function; (2) supplementation above the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA), but within recommended upper safety limits, for specific nutrients such as vitamins C and D is warranted; and (3) public health officials are encouraged to include nutritional strategies in their recommendations to improve public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip C. Calder
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton and NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16-6YD, UK;
| | - Anitra C. Carr
- Nutrition in Medicine Research Group, Department of Pathology & Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, P.O. Box 4345, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand;
| | - Adrian F. Gombart
- Linus Pauling Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, 307 Linus Pauling Science Center, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA;
| | - Manfred Eggersdorfer
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
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Abdollahi S, Toupchian O, Jayedi A, Meyre D, Tam V, Soltani S. Zinc Supplementation and Body Weight: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Adv Nutr 2020; 11:398-411. [PMID: 31504083 PMCID: PMC7442320 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmz084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of zinc supplementation on anthropometric measures. In this systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis, we searched PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library from database inception to August 2018 for relevant randomized controlled trials. Mean differences and SDs for each outcome were pooled using a random-effects model. Furthermore, a dose-response analysis for zinc dosage was performed using a fractional polynomial model. Quality of evidence was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology. Twenty-seven trials (n = 1438 participants) were included in the meta-analysis. There were no significant changes in anthropometric measures after zinc supplementation in the overall analysis. However, subgroup analyses revealed that zinc supplementation increased body weight in individuals undergoing hemodialysis (HD) [3 trials, n = 154 participants; weighted mean difference (WMD) = 1.02 kg; 95% CI: 0.38, 1.65 kg; P = 0.002; I2 = 11.4%] and decreased body weight in subjects who are overweight/obese but otherwise healthy (5 trials, n = 245 participants; WMD = -0.55 kg; 95% CI: -1.06, -0.04 kg; P = 0.03; I2 = 31.5%). Dose-response analyses revealed a significant nonlinear effect of supplementation dosage on BMI (P = 0.001). Our data suggest that zinc supplementation increases body weight in patients undergoing HD and decreases body weight in individuals who are overweight/obese but otherwise healthy, although after normalization for study duration, the association observed in subjects who are overweight/obese disappeared. Although more high-quality studies are needed to reach a definitive conclusion, our study supports the view that zinc may be associated with body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shima Abdollahi
- Department of Nutrition and Public Health, School of Public Health, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Omid Toupchian
- Department of Nutrition and Public Health, School of Public Health, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Ahmad Jayedi
- Food Safety Research Center (Salt), Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - David Meyre
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vivian Tam
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sepideh Soltani
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Yazd Cardiovascular Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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Lu J, Gu Y, Wang L, Li W, Zhang S, Liu H, Leng J, Liu J, Wang S, Baccarelli AA, Hou L, Hu G. Glucose metabolism among obese and non-obese children of mothers with gestational diabetes. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2020; 8:8/1/e000822. [PMID: 32179515 PMCID: PMC7073815 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2019-000822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Abdominal obesity is more closely associated with diabetes than general obesity in adults, however, it is unknown which kind of obesity is more closely associated with abnormal glucose metabolism in children. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We recruited 973 children (aged 3.08±1.06) of mothers with prior gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Children's height, weight, waist circumstance, fasting glucose and insulin were measured using standardized methods. Logistic regression models were used to assess the single and joint associations of general and abdominal obesity with the risks of hyperglycemia (the upper quartile of fasting glucose), insulin resistance (the upper quartile of homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)), and β-cell dysfunction (the lower quartile of HOMA-%β). RESULTS Compared with normal weight children, children with general overweight/obesity had higher levels of HOMA-IR and HOMA-%β, higher ORs for hyperglycemia (1.56, 95% CI 1.06 to 2.30) and insulin resistance (3.44, 95% CI 2.32 to 5.09), but a lower OR for β-cell dysfunction (0.65, 95% CI 0.41 to 1.04). Children with abdominal obesity had an increased risk of insulin resistance (2.54, 95% CI 1.71 to 3.76) but not hyperglycemia and β-cell dysfunction compared with children with normal waist circumstance. In the joint analyses, general overweight children with and without abdominal obesity had an increased risk of hyperglycemia and insulin resistance compared with normal weight children. CONCLUSIONS General obesity was more closely associated with abnormal glucose metabolism than abdominal obesity in children of mothers with GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Lu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fengxian Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital South Campus, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital South Campus, Shanghai, China
- Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Yuying Gu
- Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
- Department of Mathematics, Shanghai Business School-Fengpu Campus, Shanghai, China
| | - Leishen Wang
- Tianjin Health and Family Planning Commission, Tianjin, China
| | - Weiqin Li
- Tianjin Health and Family Planning Commission, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Tianjin Health and Family Planning Commission, Tianjin, China
| | - Huikun Liu
- Tianjin Health and Family Planning Commission, Tianjin, China
| | - Junhong Leng
- Tianjin Health and Family Planning Commission, Tianjin, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Tianjin Health and Family Planning Commission, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Tianjin Health and Family Planning Commission, Tianjin, China
| | - Andrea A Baccarelli
- Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Lifang Hou
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Gang Hu
- Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
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