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Yu X, Zhang W, Wang C, Mi G, Chen X, Wang Y, Chen X. Network characteristics of comorbid symptoms in alcohol use disorder. Ann Med 2025; 57:2446691. [PMID: 39801256 PMCID: PMC11731041 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2024.2446691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2024] [Revised: 10/05/2024] [Accepted: 11/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD) often experience symptoms such as anxiety, depression, and decreased sleep quality. Although these are not diagnostic criteria, they may increase dependence risk and complicate treatment. This study aims to analyze comorbidities and their complex relationships in AUD patients through epidemiological surveys and network analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling, we selected 27,913 individuals and identified those with AUD for the study. All screened subjects were assessed with the General Health Questionnaire, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and Simple Coping Style Questionnaire, and diagnosed according to DSM-IV criteria. Network analysis and visualization were performed in R 4.4.0. The qgraph and bootnet packages in R were used to obtain partial correlation network analysis and node centrality of mental health, sleep quality, and coping styles in individuals with AUD through the estimateNetwork function. The bootnet package was used to assess the accuracy and stability of the network. The bnlearn package in R was used to construct directed acyclic graph (DAG) for individuals with AUD using the Bayesian hill-climbing algorithm. RESULTS In the partial correlation network, among the three major comorbidity categories, 'anxiety/depression' was most strongly associated with 'sleep quality'. 'Anxiety/depression' and 'sleep quality' had the highest node centrality, with 'sleep latency' also showing notable centrality. The DAG results indicated that 'sleep latency' had the highest probability priority, directly affecting 'anxiety/depression' and key sleep quality symptoms such as 'subjective sleep quality', 'sleep disturbances', 'sleep duration', and 'sleep efficiency', while also indirectly influencing other symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Among the comorbid symptoms of AUD, sleep latency appears to be a key factor in triggering other comorbid symptoms. This study provides a basis for interventions aimed at reducing the comorbid symptoms of AUD and promoting recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yu
- School of Special Education and Rehabilitation, BinZhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Binzhou People’s Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Binzhou, China
| | - Can Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Shandong Mental Health Center, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Guolin Mi
- Department of Psychiatry, Shandong Mental Health Center, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiuzhe Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Shandong Mental Health Center, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yanhu Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Shandong Mental Health Center, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xu Chen
- School of Special Education and Rehabilitation, BinZhou Medical University, Yantai, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Shandong Mental Health Center, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- College of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
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Al‐Haddad M, Jamieson S, Germeni E. International medical graduates' social connections: A qualitative study. MEDICAL EDUCATION 2025; 59:338-349. [PMID: 39344747 PMCID: PMC11789848 DOI: 10.1111/medu.15542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Social connections in the host country improve International Medical Graduates' (IMGs') well-being, intercultural competence and performance at work but is an issue that has been largely overlooked in the academic literature and policy discussions. The aim of this study was to better understand the social connections that IMGs form by exploring this phenomenon in a UK context. METHODS IMGs and UK Medical Graduates (UKMGs) practising in Scotland were invited to participate. This was a qualitative study using online semi-structured interviews for data collection and reflexive thematic analysis. RESULTS Forty-one participants were recruited (24 IMGs and 17 UKMGs), selected with maximum variation in terms of gender, ethnicity, speciality, grade and country of primary medical qualification. Twenty-one (58%) of the participants had experience working in other parts of the UK. Five themes were identified: (i) overcoming early isolation, IMGs strove to overcome their initial social isolation which harmed their mental well-being; (ii) where connections are made, IMGs form social connections mainly at work and within their religious communities; (iii) seeds of segregation, some IMGs found themselves outside tight UK native friendship groups. Alcohol was a socially exclusive activity for some IMGs, as were other host country cultural norms. Exclusion led IMGs to form social connections with other IMGs or other 'outsider' groups; (iv) degrees of Discrimination, discrimination and racism were experienced by some IMGs. Discrimination was individual, structural and institutional, and (v) "Open (ing) the door", participants described interventions at organisational, departmental, and individual levels to improve IMGs' ability to form social connections. DISCUSSION This study highlighted the challenges that IMGs face when trying to form social connections. More emphasis needs to be placed on promoting an environment where social connections, in particular between IMGs and host country natives, can flourish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo Al‐Haddad
- College of Medical Veterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowUK
- Intensive Care UnitQueen Elizabeth University HospitalGlasgowUK
| | - Susan Jamieson
- School of Medicine Dentistry and NursingCollege of Medical Veterinary and Life SciencesUK
| | - Evi Germeni
- University of Glasgow, Health Economics and Health Technology Assessment (HEHTA)UK
- School of Health and Wellbeing, College of Medical Veterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowUK
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Sabale U, Reuschenbach M, Takyar J, Dhawan A, Hall A, Vittal D, Saggu G, Ghelardi A, del Pino M, Nowakowski A, Valente S. Epidemiological, economic and humanistic burden of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in Europe: A systematic literature review. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol X 2025; 25:100360. [PMID: 39877079 PMCID: PMC11773262 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurox.2024.100360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2024] [Revised: 11/12/2024] [Accepted: 12/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2025] Open
Abstract
Introduction High-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) is a premalignant lesion of the cervix caused by persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, which can lead to cervical cancer. Despite ongoing primary prevention efforts, considerable burden of illness remains. This study assessed the epidemiological, economic, and humanistic burden associated with high-grade CIN among adult women in Europe. Methods Systematic literature reviews (SLRs) were conducted for epidemiological, economic, and humanistic burden, in adult women with high-grade CIN in the broader European region. Search strategies were aligned to Cochrane and PRISMA guidelines. Databases searched included Medline®, Embase®, and Cochrane databases (2012-2022). Conference proceedings were also searched (2018-2022). Outcomes of interest included incidence, prevalence, HPV genotype, cost burden, resource use and quality of life burden. Results Evidence from 41 epidemiological, 11 economic burden, and 8 humanistic burden studies was included. Incidence of high-grade CIN was 31-186/100,000 women-years in a screened population, with prevalence rates of 0.1-2.2 %. Incidence and prevalence of high-grade CIN peaked among women aged 25-39 years. In women with high-grade CIN, high-risk genotypes were among those most commonly identified, including HPV16/18 (57.0-58.7 %), HPV16 (47.4-52.0 %), HPV18 (4.0-15.0 %) and HPV 31/33/45 (38 %). Cost burden and healthcare resource utilization was higher for CIN3 vs. CIN2. High-grade CIN significantly impaired quality of life, across multiple domains vs. healthy population. Conclusion High-grade CIN was associated with considerable burden in Europe. These findings reveal the multifaceted nature of the impact incurred by women with high-grade CIN, and highlight some of the key areas of unmet need among this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugne Sabale
- Value & Implementation Outcomes Research, MSD, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Miriam Reuschenbach
- Global Medical and Scientific Affairs, MSD Sharp & Dohme GmbH, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | | | - D. Vittal
- Parexel International, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Alessandro Ghelardi
- Azienda Usl Toscana Nord-Ovest, UOC Ostetriciae Ginecologia, Ospedale Apuane, Massa,Italy
| | - Marta del Pino
- Institute Clinic of Gynecology, Obstetrics, and Neonatology, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - Andrzej Nowakowski
- Department of Cancer Prevention, The Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Stefano Valente
- Value & Implementation Global Medical and Scientific Affairs, MSD, Rome, Italy
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Fatima M, Butt I, MohammadEbrahimi S, Kiani B, Gruebner O. Spatiotemporal clusters of acute respiratory infections associated with socioeconomic, meteorological, and air pollution factors in South Punjab, Pakistan. BMC Public Health 2025; 25:469. [PMID: 39910401 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-025-21741-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2025] [Indexed: 02/07/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Pakistan, acute respiratory infections (ARI) continue to be a major public health problem. However, there is still a lack of scholarly work regarding different environmental and socioeconomic influencing factors and how they interact with respiratory infections. Furthermore, we do not know much about geographic variation in this context. Therefore, our study examines the ecological-level spatial and temporal patterns of acute respiratory infection incidence (ARI) and their geographic relationship with selected socio-economic, meteorological, and air pollution factors in Pakistan. METHODS We applied the spatiotemporal scan statistics to examine the purely temporal, spatial, and spatiotemporal clusters of ARI in South Punjab, Pakistan for five years (2016-2020). Generalized Linear Model (GLM) and geographically weighted regression (GWR) were also applied to model the linear and non-linear spatial relationships between selected variables and ARI. RESULTS Our results indicate that in the central and northern regions of Pakistan, two spatial clusters of ARI were present, accounting for 28.5% of the total cases. A spatiotemporal cluster with a relative risk of 1.57 was discovered in the northeastern area. The results obtained from the season-based GLM highlighted the significance of climatic factors (temperature, fog, dust storms) and air pollutants (NO2) in influencing ARI incidence, while socio-economic variables (rural population, literacy) had limited impact. In addition, GWR revealed that the relationships between predictors and ARI incidence varied across locations, emphasizing the importance of considering local settings. Season-based non-stationary GLM revealed a multifaceted interaction among socio-economic, meteorological, and air pollution factors. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides evidence about environmental and socio-economic factors significantly associated with ARI incidence. In addition, this study provides the first baseline of ARI cases in Pakistan to plan for intervention and adaptation strategies and may be replicated in other regions of comparable settings worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munazza Fatima
- Department of Geography, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan.
| | - Ibtisam Butt
- Institute of Geography, University of The Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shahab MohammadEbrahimi
- Department of Medical Informatics, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, University of Montreal (ESPUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Behzad Kiani
- Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Oliver Gruebner
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
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McCarron M, Yau TS, Griffin C, Marcenac P, Ebama MS, Lafond KE, Igboh LS, Duca LM, Bino S, Bettaieb J, Dhaouadi S, Sahakyan G, Cherkaoui I, Alj L, Coulibaly D, Lutwama JJ, Douba A, N’Gattia A, Khanthamaly V, Tengbriacheu C, Patthammavong C, Lambach P, Otorbaeva D, Azziz-Baumgartner E, Bresee JS. Do Pregnant Persons Want Influenza Vaccines? Knowledge, Attitudes, Perceptions, and Practices Toward Influenza Vaccines in 8 Low- and Middle-Income Countries. J Infect Dis 2025; 231:e213-e224. [PMID: 38954648 PMCID: PMC11693768 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiae340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vaccination is the most effective way to prevent influenza infection and adverse outcomes; despite global recommendations to vaccinate pregnant persons, access to influenza vaccines remains low. We explored knowledge, attitudes, and practices of pregnant persons to inform actions to improve vaccine uptake. METHODS We pooled data from cross-sectional surveys assessing pregnant persons' attitudes toward influenza vaccines in 8 low- and middle-income countries. Countries used standard methods to measure attitudes and intents toward influenza vaccination. We stratified by presence/absence of a national influenza vaccination program, income group, geographic region, and individual-level factors. RESULTS Our analysis included 8556 pregnant persons from 8 countries. Most pregnant persons (6323, 74%) were willing to receive influenza vaccine if it was offered for free. Willingness differed by presence of an existing influenza vaccination program; acceptance was higher in countries without programs (2383, 89%) than in those with programs (3940, 67%, P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Most pregnant persons in middle-income countries, regardless of influenza vaccination program status, were willing to be vaccinated against influenza if the vaccine was provided free of charge. National investments in influenza vaccination programs present an opportunity to avert illness both in pregnant persons themselves and in their newborn babies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret McCarron
- US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Tat S Yau
- US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Chelsey Griffin
- US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Perrine Marcenac
- US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Kathryn E Lafond
- US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ledor S Igboh
- US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lindsey M Duca
- US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Silvia Bino
- Institute of Public Health, Control of Infectious Diseases Department, Tirana, Albania
| | - Jihene Bettaieb
- Laboratory of Transmission Control and Immunobiology of Infection, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Sonia Dhaouadi
- Ministry of Public Health, National Observatory of New and Emerging Diseases, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Gayane Sahakyan
- Ministry of Health, National Immunization Program, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Imad Cherkaoui
- Ministry of Health, Department of Epidemiology and Disease Control, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Loubna Alj
- Ministry of Health, Department of Epidemiology and Disease Control, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Daouda Coulibaly
- Ministry of Health and Public Hygiene, National Institute of Public Hygiene, Abidjan, Cote d’Ivoire
| | - Julius J Lutwama
- National Influenza Center, Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Alfred Douba
- Ministry of Health and Public Hygiene, National Institute of Public Hygiene, Abidjan, Cote d’Ivoire
| | - Anderson N’Gattia
- Ministry of Health and Public Hygiene, National Institute of Public Hygiene, Abidjan, Cote d’Ivoire
| | - Viengphone Khanthamaly
- US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Ministry of Health, Maternal and Child Health Center, Vientiane, Lao People's Democratic Republic
| | - Chankham Tengbriacheu
- Ministry of Health, Maternal and Child Health Center, Vientiane, Lao People's Democratic Republic
| | - Chansay Patthammavong
- Ministry of Health, Maternal and Child Health Center, Vientiane, Lao People's Democratic Republic
| | - Philipp Lambach
- World Health Organization, Immunizations, Vaccines, and Biologicals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Dinagul Otorbaeva
- Ministry of Health, Department of Disease Prevention and State Sanitary and Epidemiology Surveillance, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Eduardo Azziz-Baumgartner
- US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Li Y, Li X, Hu Y, Wang B, Zhang M, Hu Q. Prevalence and associated factors of epiretinal membrane using spectralis OCT in Fujian Eye Study. Sci Rep 2025; 15:4297. [PMID: 39905107 PMCID: PMC11794459 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-88234-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2025] [Indexed: 02/06/2025] Open
Abstract
We aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors of epiretinal membrane in a population-based study of residents aged 50 years and older in Fujian Province, Southeast China. The Fujian Eye Study is a population-based cross-sectional eye study in Fujian province, Southeast China. Residents aged 50 years and older were enrolled and did the questionnaire (educational background, income, blood type, disease history, medication history, smoking, drinking and tea consumption, et al.), physical and ophthalmological examinations with height, weight, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), heart rate (HR), refraction, intraocular pressure (IOP), slit lamp, nonmydriatic fundus photograph and spectralis optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging. Nonmydriatic fundus photograph and Spectralis OCT were used to assess ERM according to a standardised protocol. A total of 8173 residents were included in this study. Among them, 8.42% (95% CI 0.0782-0.0902) had ERM in at least one eye. Multiple logistic regression showed the presence of ERM was only associated with urbanization and geographic location, but not with age, sex, refractive error, IOP, SBP, DBP, HR, BMI, hypertension, diabetic mellitus, hyperlipidemia, education, income, smoking, alcohol and tea consumption. ERM is common among Chinese with 8.42% in at least one eye. Urbanization and geographic location are the only associated factors for ERM in Fujian Eye Study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Eye Institute and Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Corneal and Ocular Surface Diseases, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Xiamen Municipal Key Laboratory of Corneal and Ocular Surface Diseases, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Xiamen Research Center for Eye Diseases and Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaoxin Li
- Eye Institute and Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Corneal and Ocular Surface Diseases, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Xiamen Municipal Key Laboratory of Corneal and Ocular Surface Diseases, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Xiamen Research Center for Eye Diseases and Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Yonghua Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Centre, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Eye Institute and Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Corneal and Ocular Surface Diseases, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Xiamen Municipal Key Laboratory of Corneal and Ocular Surface Diseases, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Xiamen Research Center for Eye Diseases and Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Mingqin Zhang
- Eye Institute and Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Corneal and Ocular Surface Diseases, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Xiamen Municipal Key Laboratory of Corneal and Ocular Surface Diseases, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Xiamen Research Center for Eye Diseases and Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Qinrui Hu
- Eye Institute and Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Corneal and Ocular Surface Diseases, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
- Xiamen Municipal Key Laboratory of Corneal and Ocular Surface Diseases, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
- Xiamen Research Center for Eye Diseases and Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
- Xiamen University Xiamen Eye Center, Xiahe Road 336, Siming District, Xiamen, 361003, Fujian, China.
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Zhang Y, Zheng M, Zhu D, Lei G, Da H, Xiao Q, Wei Q, Ke S, Hu X. Distinct prefrontal cortex alterations in confirmed and suspected depression individuals with different perceived stress during an emotional autobiographical memory task: One fNIRS investigation. J Affect Disord 2025; 370:217-228. [PMID: 39490673 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.10.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 09/24/2024] [Accepted: 10/20/2024] [Indexed: 11/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research showed that perceived stress was strongly linked to depression, little is known about the underlying neurological mechanism of different depression subtypes with different perceived stress, and there is currently no classification of stress-based subtypes of depression. This study aimed at using fNIRS to uncover the neuromechanism of confirmed and suspected depression with different perceived stress, hence providing neurobiological evidence for the classification of stress-based depression subtypes. It is a significant target for effective depression treatment. METHOD The study included 551 young adults: 256 healthy control individuals, 62 confirmed depression patients, and 233 suspected depression participants. A 53-channel fNIRS imaging system was used to gather the average oxyhemoglobin level in the PFC during EAMT. RESULTS Compared with HC, confirmed and suspected depression group show significant lower hemodynamic activation in right frontal lobe of frame under high loss of control. Confirmed depression with high sense of tension had higher activation than with high loss of control in right dlPFC, while for suspected depression, the activation with high sense of tension was lower than with high loss of control in left broca's area (BA) and front polar cortex (FPC). CONCLUSION All perceived stresses were not equal in their impacts on different depression types. The confirmed and suspected depression were two different depression subtypes sharing distinct activation pattern under different perceived stress in PFC, which may be an important target for stress-linked psychopathology. Depression can be further classified precisely based on stress. fNIRS can provide neuroimaging evidence for classification of stress-based depression subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- School of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Minxiao Zheng
- School of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China; School of Education, Jianghan University, China.
| | - Dongmei Zhu
- School of Education, Jianghan University, China
| | - Guanghui Lei
- School of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Hui Da
- School of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Qiang Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Hospital of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Qiang Wei
- School of Education, Jianghan University, China
| | | | - Xiaoyi Hu
- Student affairs department, Hubei Engineering University, China
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Sović J, Šegović S, Matijević J, Pavelić B, Anić I, Tomasic I. Current Trends in Endodontic Clinical Practice in Croatia: A Report From a Croatian National Survey. Clin Exp Dent Res 2025; 11:e70073. [PMID: 39807833 PMCID: PMC11730082 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.70073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 12/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/01/2025] [Indexed: 01/16/2025] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the state of endodontic practices and identify factors influencing the use of modern endodontic techniques among dental practitioners in Croatia. MATERIALS AND METHODS A questionnaire was distributed to all dental offices in Croatia, yielding 819 responses (27% response rate). Data were descriptively analyzed and statistically modeled. RESULTS Nearly 74% of endodontic treatments in Croatia are performed by general practitioners (17 teeth per month per practitioner), while endodontic specialists handle the highest number of treatments per specialist (67 teeth per month, representing 15% of total treatments). 56% of respondents use radiography before the procedure "always" or "almost always" with intra-oral periapical radiography being the most commonly used technique. Rubber dams are used "never" to "rarely" by 74% of respondents. Apex-locators are highly prevalent, used "almost always" to "always" by 83% of practitioners. Magnifiers are rarely used, with 63% of respondents reporting they "never" use them. Lasers are never used by 92% of respondents, whereas 59% frequently use engine-driven instrumentation. 76% of respondents "always" or "almost always" determine the working length of the root canal. Sodium hypochlorite is the most common irrigant (88%), and EDTA for smear layer removal is used by 36% of respondents. The cold lateral condensation is the most popular obturation technique (64%). CBCT is unused by 59% of responders, most probably because it is not accessible. CONCLUSIONS Croatian endodontic practices are comparable to those in countries with similar economic status, but there is substantial potential, particularly among general practitioners, to enhance knowledge and awareness of modern technologies through continuous education. Underused techniques in Croatia include rubber dams, magnifiers, lasers, and CBCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josipa Sović
- Postgraduate PhD StudySchool of Dental Medicine University of ZagrebZagrebCroatia
- Dental Clinic of the Health Center KriževciKriževciCroatia
| | - Sanja Šegović
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative DentistrySchool of Dental Medicine University of ZagrebZagrebCroatia
| | - Jurica Matijević
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative DentistrySchool of Dental Medicine University of ZagrebZagrebCroatia
| | - Božidar Pavelić
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative DentistrySchool of Dental Medicine University of ZagrebZagrebCroatia
| | - Ivica Anić
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative DentistrySchool of Dental Medicine University of ZagrebZagrebCroatia
| | - Ivan Tomasic
- School of Innovation, Design and EngineeringMälardalen UniversityVästeråsSweden
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Mulier G, Ghosn W, Martin D, Hebbache Z, Coudin E, Fresson J, Zeitlin J, Rey S, Rey G. Neonatal mortality in 2001-2017 in France: A cause-specific and spatiotemporal analysis. JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY AND POPULATION HEALTH 2025; 73:202805. [PMID: 39826203 DOI: 10.1016/j.jeph.2024.202805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2024] [Revised: 12/17/2024] [Accepted: 12/20/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2025]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In France, the infant mortality rate had a long period of decline, but it stopped decreasing after 2010 and then rose. Neonatal mortality is a large part of infant mortality. The aim of this study was thus to describe its main changes, by cause of death and gestational age, and the main changes in socio-spatial distribution, from 2001 to 2017. METHODS For this purpose, we investigated data on neonatal deaths reported in France from 2001 to 2017. Crude, cause-specific and gestational age-specific neonatal mortality rates were computed and an ecological analysis, according to several contextual factors at commune level, was performed using quasi-Poisson regressions. RESULTS The average neonatal mortality rate was 2.42 per 1000 live births in France during the study period, showing an increase from 2011 onwards. This increase was mostly related to perinatal conditions and more births at very low gestational age. Gestational age-specific neonatal mortality rates did not increase during the period. The analysis of socio-spatial factors showed increased mortality rates in large cities, deprived areas and cities with higher percentages of migrants. CONCLUSION This study suggests that a shift in the distribution of gestational age at birth toward low gestational ages may have contributed to the rise in neonatal mortality in France. Furthermore, there is notable spatial heterogeneity in neonatal mortality. Nevertheless, this observation poorly explains the specificity of the high level and recent upsurge in infant mortality in France, in contrast to its European counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Mulier
- CépiDc, Inserm, Paris, France; Service de Biostatistiques et Information Médicale, hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France.
| | | | | | | | | | - Jeanne Fresson
- Department of Medical Information. Maternity, University Hospital (CHRU) Nancy, Paris, France; Directorate for Research, Studies, Evaluation and Statistics (DREES), Ministry for Health and Solidarity. Paris, France
| | - Jennifer Zeitlin
- Obstetrical, Perinatal and Pediatric Epidemiology Research Team UMR 1153, Inserm and Université Paris-Cité, Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Rey
- Directorate for Research, Studies, Evaluation and Statistics (DREES), Ministry for Health and Solidarity. Paris, France
| | - Grégoire Rey
- CépiDc, Inserm, Paris, France; France Cohortes, Inserm, Paris, France
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10
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Graciotti M, Kandalaft LE. Vaccines for cancer prevention: exploring opportunities and navigating challenges. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2025; 24:134-150. [PMID: 39622986 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-024-01081-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2025]
Abstract
Improved understanding of cancer immunology has gradually brought increasing attention towards cancer-preventive vaccines as an important tool in the fight against cancer. The aim of this approach is to reduce cancer occurrence by inducing a specific immune response targeting tumours at an early stage before they can fully develop. The great advantage of preventive cancer vaccines lies in the potential to harness a less-compromised immune system in vaccine recipients before their immune responses become affected by the advanced status of the disease itself or by aggressive treatments such as chemotherapy. Successful implementation of immunoprevention against oncogenic viruses such as hepatitis B and papillomavirus has led to a dramatic decrease in virally induced cancers. Extending this approach to other cancers holds great promise but remains a major challenge. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of preclinical evidence supporting this approach, encouraging results from pioneering clinical studies as well as a discussion on the key aspects and open questions to address in order to design potent prophylactic cancer vaccines in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Graciotti
- Center of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lana E Kandalaft
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
- AGORA Cancer Research Center, Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Swiss Medical Network, Genolier Innovation Network, Genolier Clinic, Genolier, Switzerland.
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11
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Cosma A, Martin G, de Looze ME, Walsh SD, Paakkari L, Bilz L, Gobina I, Page N, Hulbert S, Inchley J, Ravens-Sieberer U, Gaspar T, Stevens GWJM. Cross-National Trends in Adolescents Psychological and Somatic Complaints Before and After the Onset of COVID-19 Pandemic. J Adolesc Health 2025; 76:254-264. [PMID: 39530972 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2024.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 08/22/2024] [Accepted: 09/24/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Building on research suggesting that the COVID-19 pandemic may have led to an exacerbation of deteriorating trends in mental health among adolescents, this paper examined trends in adolescents' psychological and somatic complaints across 35 countries from 2010 to 2022, and tested trends in sociodemographic inequalities in these outcomes between 2018 and 2022. METHODS Using data from 792,606 adolescents from 35 countries (51% girls; mean age = 13.5; standard deviation 1.6) across four Health Behaviour in School-aged Children surveys (2010, 2014, 2018, 2022), hierarchical multilevel models estimated cross-national trends in adolescent psychological and somatic complaints. We tested whether observed values in 2022 were in line with predicted values based on 2010-2018 linear trends. Finally, moderation effects of age, family affluence, and family structures on the outcomes were tested (2018-2022). RESULTS Both girls and boys showed substantially higher levels of psychological complaints in 2022 compared with the predicted values. For somatic complaints, higher levels than predicted in 2022 were observed only in girls. Moderation analyses revealed an increase from 2018 to 2022 in age gaps and a narrowing in the socioeconomic gap for both outcomes. Also, there was a widening gap between adolescents living with 2 parents and those living in a single parent household in 2022 compared to 2018. DISCUSSION Cross-national increases in adolescent psychological and somatic complaints were higher than expected in 2022, based on previous trends. Magnitudes of change varied across different sociodemographics groups, with implications for pre-existing mental health inequalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Cosma
- Department of Sociology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Gina Martin
- Faculty of Health Disciplines, Athabasca University, Athabasca, Alberta, Canada; Department of Geography and Environment, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Margreet E de Looze
- Department of Interdisciplinary Social Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sophie D Walsh
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Criminology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Leena Paakkari
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Ludwig Bilz
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Cottbus, Germany
| | - Inese Gobina
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia; Department of Education and Research, Children's Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia
| | - Nicholas Page
- Centre for Development, Evaluation, Complexity and Implementation in Public Health Improvement (DECIPHer), Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Sabina Hulbert
- Centre for Health Services Studies, University of Kent, Kent, United Kingdom
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