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Rosales-Velderrain A, Goldberg RF, Ames GE, Stone RL, Lynch SA, Bowers SP. Hypometabolizers: Characteristics of Obese Patients with Abnormally Low Resting Energy Expenditure. Am Surg 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/000313481408000325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Weight gain or loss is determined by the difference between calorie intake and energy expenditure. The Mifflin metabolic equation most accurately predicts resting energy expenditure (REE) in morbidly obese patients. Hypometabolizers have a measured REE that is much less than predicted and pose the greatest challenge for weight loss induced by restriction of calorie intake. We studied 628 morbidly obese patients (467 female and 161 men, aged 52.5 ± 15.7 years, body mass index [BMI] of 42.6 ± 7.6 m/kg2 [mean ± SD]). REE was measured using the MedGem® device (REEm) and the percentage variance (δREE%) from the Mifflin-predicted expenditure (REEp) was calculated. Patients with δREE% more than 1 standard deviation from the mean were defined as hypometabolizers (REEm greater than 27% below REEp) and hypermetabolizers (REEm less than 13% above REEp), respectively. Hypometabolizers had greater REEp (1900 ± 301 vs 1719 ± 346 calories, P = 0.005) and lower REEm (1244 ± 278 vs 2161 ± 438 calories, P < 0.0001) than hypermetabolizers. Hypometabolizers, when compared with hypermetabolizers, were taller (167.2 ± 8.4 vs 164.0 ± 10.9 cm, P = 0.04), heavier (123.6 ± 22.2 vs 110.2 ± 23.1 kg, P = 0.006), and had increased BMI (44.1 ± 6.5 vs 40.8 ± 6.5 kg/m2, P = 0.04). Other measured anthropometrics were not different between hypo- and hypermetabolizers. Hypometabolizers were less likely to be diabetic (23 vs 43%, P = 0.03) and more likely to be black (25 vs 5%, P = 0.002) than hypermetabolizers. This study defines hypometabolizers as having variance in REEm more than 27 per cent below that predicted by the Mifflin equation. We could not identify any distinguishing phenotypic characteristics of hypometabolizers, suggesting an influence unrelated to body composition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ross F. Goldberg
- Department of Bariatric Surgery, Mayo Clinic in Florida, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Gretchen E. Ames
- Department of Bariatric Surgery, Mayo Clinic in Florida, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Ronald L. Stone
- Department of Bariatric Surgery, Mayo Clinic in Florida, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Scott A. Lynch
- Department of Bariatric Surgery, Mayo Clinic in Florida, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Steven P. Bowers
- Department of Bariatric Surgery, Mayo Clinic in Florida, Jacksonville, Florida
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A missense variant, p.(Ile269Asn), in MC4R as a secondary finding in a child with BCL11A-related intellectual disability. Eur J Med Genet 2020; 63:103969. [PMID: 32534219 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2020.103969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We describe a three year old female who underwent clinical exome sequencing and was diagnosed with BCL11A-related intellectual disability/Dias-Logan syndrome due to a de novo, heterozygous variant in the BCL11A gene, NM_018014.3:c.148C > T; p.(Gln50*). A missense variant in MC4R, NM_005912.3:c.806T > A; p.(Ile269Asn), was also reported as a secondary finding. In her family, her father, paternal aunt, and paternal uncle were all reported to have height and weight measurements suggestive of Class 3 obesity with BMI>40 kg/m2. The MC4R gene is not currently listed among those recommended for reporting of secondary findings by the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG). The identification of genetic risk factors for obesity is an emerging field without established guidelines for the care of patients who are found to have a predisposing genetic variant for obesity as a secondary finding. Management suggestions include interventions for weight-management, early screening for obesity-related co-morbidities, such as diabetes and dyslipidemia, and targeted therapies, such as MC4R agonists.
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San-Cristobal R, Navas-Carretero S, Martínez-González MÁ, Ordovas JM, Martínez JA. Contribution of macronutrients to obesity: implications for precision nutrition. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2020; 16:305-320. [PMID: 32235875 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-020-0346-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The specific metabolic contribution of consuming different energy-yielding macronutrients (namely, carbohydrates, protein and lipids) to obesity is a matter of active debate. In this Review, we summarize the current research concerning associations between the intake of different macronutrients and weight gain and adiposity. We discuss insights into possible differential mechanistic pathways where macronutrients might act on either appetite or adipogenesis to cause weight gain. We also explore the role of dietary macronutrient distribution on thermogenesis or energy expenditure for weight loss and maintenance. On the basis of the data discussed, we describe a novel way to manage excessive body weight; namely, prescribing personalized diets with different macronutrient compositions according to the individual's genotype and/or enterotype. In this context, the interplay of macronutrient consumption with obesity incidence involves mechanisms that affect appetite, thermogenesis and metabolism, and the outcomes of these mechanisms are altered by an individual's genotype and microbiota. Indeed, the interactions of the genetic make-up and/or microbiota features of a person with specific macronutrient intakes or dietary pattern consumption help to explain individualized responses to macronutrients and food patterns, which might represent key factors for comprehensive precision nutrition recommendations and personalized obesity management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo San-Cristobal
- Precision Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health, IMDEA-Food Institute (Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies), Campus of International Excellence (CEI) UAM+CSIC, Spanish National Research Council, Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago Navas-Carretero
- Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
- CIBERobn, Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Area de Fisiologia de la Obesidad y la Nutricion, Madrid, Spain.
- IdisNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Miguel Ángel Martínez-González
- CIBERobn, Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Area de Fisiologia de la Obesidad y la Nutricion, Madrid, Spain
- IdisNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - José María Ordovas
- Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory, JM-USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Population Genetics, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- Nutritional Genomics of Cardiovascular Disease and Obesity Fundation IMDEA Food, Campus of International Excellence, Spanish National Research Council, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Alfredo Martínez
- Precision Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health, IMDEA-Food Institute (Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies), Campus of International Excellence (CEI) UAM+CSIC, Spanish National Research Council, Madrid, Spain
- Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBERobn, Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Area de Fisiologia de la Obesidad y la Nutricion, Madrid, Spain
- IdisNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
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Ieraci A, Barbieri SS, Macchi C, Amadio P, Sandrini L, Magni P, Popoli M, Ruscica M. BDNF Val66Met polymorphism alters food intake and hypothalamic BDNF expression in mice. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:9667-9675. [PMID: 32430940 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Obesity, a rising public health burden, is a multifactorial disease with an increased risk for patients to develop several pathological conditions including type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease. Increasing evidence suggests a relationship between the human brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) Val66Met single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and obesity, although the underlying mechanisms of this connection are still not completely understood. In the present study, we found that homozygous knock-in BDNFMet/Met mice were overweight and hyperphagic compared to wildtype BDNFVal/Val mice. Increased food intake was associated with reduction of total BDNF and BDNF1, BDNF4 and BDNF6 transcripts in the hypothalamus of BDNFMet/Met mice. In contrast, in the white adipose tissue total BDNF and Glut4 expression levels were augmented, while sirtuin 1 and leptin receptor (Ob-R) expression levels were reduced in BDNFMet/Met mice. Moreover, plasmatic leptin levels were decreased in BDNFMet/Met mice. However, BDNFVal/Val and BDNFMet/Met mice showed a similar response to the insulin tolerance test and glucose tolerance test. Altogether, these results suggest that BDNF Val66Met SNP strongly contributes to adipose tissue pathophysiology, resulting in reduced circulating leptin levels and hypothalamic expression of BDNF, which, in turn, promote increased food intake and overweight in BDNFMet/Met mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Ieraci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Sezione di Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Chiara Macchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | | | | | - Paolo Magni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy.,IRCCS MultiMedica, Sesto S. Giovanni, Milan, Italy
| | - Maurizio Popoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Sezione di Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Ruscica
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
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Agra RM, Gago-Dominguez M, Paradela-Dobarro B, Torres-Español M, Alvarez L, Fernandez-Trasancos A, Varela-Roman A, Calaza M, Eiras S, Alvarez E, Carracedo A, Gonzalez-Juanatey JR. Obesity-Related Genetic Determinants of Heart Failure Prognosis. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2020; 33:415-424. [PMID: 31209632 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-019-06888-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Recent advances in genomics offer a smart option for predicting future risk of disease and prognosis. The objective of this study was to examine the prognostic value in heart failure (HF) patients, of a series of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). METHODS A selection of 192 SNPs found to be related with obesity, body mass index, circulating lipids or cardiovascular diseases were genotyped in 191 patients with HF. Anthropometrical and clinical variables were collected for each patient, and death and readmission by HF were registered as the primary endpoint. RESULTS A total of 53 events were registered during a follow-up period of 438 (263-1077) days (median (IQR)). Eight SNPs strongly related to obesity and HF prognosis were selected as possible prognostic variables. From these, rs10189761 and rs737337 variants were independently associated with HF prognosis (HR 2.295 (1.287-4.089, 95% CI); p = 0.005), whereas rs10423928, rs1800437, rs737337 and rs9351814 were related with bad prognosis only in obese patients (HR 2.142 (1.438-3.192, 95% CI); p = 0.00018). Combined scores of the genomic variants were highly predictive of poor prognosis. CONCLUSIONS SNPs rs10189761 and rs737337 were identified, for the first time, as independent predictors of major clinical outcomes in patients with HF. The data suggests an additive predictive value of these SNPs for a HF prognosis. In particular for obese patients, SNPs rs10423928, rs1800437, rs737337 and rs9351814 were related with a bad prognosis. Combined scores weighting the risk of each genomic variant could effect interesting new tools to stratify the prognostic risk of HF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Agra
- Laboratorio no. 6. Edif. Consultas externas (planta -2), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Servicio de Cardiología y Unidad de Hemodinámica, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), SERGAS, Travesía da Choupana s/n, Santiago de Compostela, 15706, A Coruña, Spain
- CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Gago-Dominguez
- Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica, SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - B Paradela-Dobarro
- Laboratorio no. 6. Edif. Consultas externas (planta -2), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Servicio de Cardiología y Unidad de Hemodinámica, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), SERGAS, Travesía da Choupana s/n, Santiago de Compostela, 15706, A Coruña, Spain
- CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Torres-Español
- Grupo de Medicina Xenómica, CeGen-PRB2, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - L Alvarez
- Laboratorio no. 6. Edif. Consultas externas (planta -2), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Servicio de Cardiología y Unidad de Hemodinámica, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), SERGAS, Travesía da Choupana s/n, Santiago de Compostela, 15706, A Coruña, Spain
- CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Fernandez-Trasancos
- Laboratorio no. 6. Edif. Consultas externas (planta -2), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Servicio de Cardiología y Unidad de Hemodinámica, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), SERGAS, Travesía da Choupana s/n, Santiago de Compostela, 15706, A Coruña, Spain
- CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Varela-Roman
- Laboratorio no. 6. Edif. Consultas externas (planta -2), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Servicio de Cardiología y Unidad de Hemodinámica, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), SERGAS, Travesía da Choupana s/n, Santiago de Compostela, 15706, A Coruña, Spain
- CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Calaza
- Centro de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas, CIMUS, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - S Eiras
- Laboratorio no. 6. Edif. Consultas externas (planta -2), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Servicio de Cardiología y Unidad de Hemodinámica, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), SERGAS, Travesía da Choupana s/n, Santiago de Compostela, 15706, A Coruña, Spain
- CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
| | - E Alvarez
- Laboratorio no. 6. Edif. Consultas externas (planta -2), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Servicio de Cardiología y Unidad de Hemodinámica, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), SERGAS, Travesía da Choupana s/n, Santiago de Compostela, 15706, A Coruña, Spain.
- CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain.
| | - A Carracedo
- Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica, SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - J R Gonzalez-Juanatey
- Laboratorio no. 6. Edif. Consultas externas (planta -2), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Servicio de Cardiología y Unidad de Hemodinámica, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), SERGAS, Travesía da Choupana s/n, Santiago de Compostela, 15706, A Coruña, Spain
- CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
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Zachurzok A, Ranke MB, Flehmig B, Jakubek-Kipa K, Marcinkiewicz K, Mazur A, Petriczko E, Pridzun L, von Schnurbein J, Walczak M, Malecka-Tendera E, Wabitsch M, Brandt S. Relative leptin deficiency in children with severe early-onset obesity (SEOO) - results of the Early-onset Obesity and Leptin - German-Polish Study (EOL-GPS). J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2020; 33:255-263. [PMID: 31927523 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2019-0469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Background Severe early-onset obesity (SEOO) in children is a common feature of monogenic obesity. Gene defects of the leptin-melanocortin pathway can be analysed biochemically and genetically. The aim of this study was to search for children with leptin deficiency or biologically inactive leptin in a cohort of children with SEOO and to study associations between leptin parameters and anthropometric data. Methods The cohort included n = 50 children with SEOO (22 boys) who were recruited at one of four study centres (Germany: Ulm; Poland: Katowice, Szczecin, Rzeszow) between October 2015 and October 2017. Weight (kg) and height (m) were measured, Tanner stage was obtained and a fasting serum blood sample was taken. Serum levels of total leptin (LEP, ng/mL), biologically active leptin (bioLEP, ng/mL) and soluble leptin receptor (sLEPR, ng/mL) were measured. The body mass index (BMI [kg/m2]), BMI z-score (World Health Organization [WHO]), quotient of bioLEP/LEP and leptin-standard deviation score (LEP-SDS) (Tanner stage, BMI and sex-adjusted) were calculated. Results We did not find any child with leptin deficiency or biologically inactive leptin in our cohort. The serum LEP and bioLEP levels were strongly correlated with age (r = 0.50, p < 0.05) and BMI (r = 0.70; p < 0.0001). Girls had higher LEP and bioLEP levels (49.7 ± 35.9 vs. 37.1 ± 25.5 ng/mL, p > 0.05) as well as lower LEP-SDS than boys (-1.77 ± 2.61 vs. -1.40 ± 2.60, p > 0.05). sLEPR levels were negatively correlated with BMI values (r = -0.44; p < 0.05), LEP (r = -0.39; p < 0.05) and bioLEP levels (r = -0.37; p < 0.05). Interestingly, there was a strong inverse relationship between LEP-SDS and BMI (r = -0.72, p < 0.001). Conclusions In this cohort with SEOO, we identified no new cases of children with leptin deficiency or bioinactive leptin. A strong negative correlation between the LEP-SDS and BMI values could be interpreted as relative leptin deficiency in children with SEOO. In case this hypothesis can be confirmed, these children would benefit from a substitution therapy with methionyl human leptin (metreleptin™).
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Zachurzok
- Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Endocrinology, Medical University of Silesia, School of Medicine in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | | | | | | | - Katarzyna Marcinkiewicz
- Department of Pediatrics, Endocrinology, Diabetology, Metabolic Disorders and Cardiology of Developmental Age, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Artur Mazur
- University of Rzeszow, Department of Pediatrics, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Elzbieta Petriczko
- Department of Pediatrics, Endocrinology, Diabetology, Metabolic Disorders and Cardiology of Developmental Age, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | | | - Julia von Schnurbein
- Center for Rare Endocrine Diseases, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm, Germany
| | - Mieczyslaw Walczak
- Pomeranian Medical University, Department of Pediatrics, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Ewa Malecka-Tendera
- Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Endocrinology, Medical University of Silesia, School of Medicine in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Martin Wabitsch
- Center for Rare Endocrine Diseases, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm, Germany
| | - Stephanie Brandt
- Center for Rare Endocrine Diseases, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm, Germany
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Lecube A, Sánchez E, Monereo S, Medina-Gómez G, Bellido D, García-Almeida JM, Martínez de Icaya P, Malagón MM, Goday A, Tinahones FJ. Factors Accounting for Obesity and Its Perception among the Adult Spanish Population: Data from 1,000 Computer-Assisted Telephone Interviews. Obes Facts 2020; 13:322-332. [PMID: 32663824 PMCID: PMC7590789 DOI: 10.1159/000508111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our aim was to go deeper in the self-perception of weight and health status among the Spanish population, together with the connections of familiar relationships, physical activity practice, nutritional habits, and sleep patterns with the presence of obesity. METHODS A total of 1,000 subjects were enrolled in April 2017 in a representative adult Spanish population sample. Computer-assisted telephone interviewing was used and self-reported anthropometric data was obtained. RESULTS The population was composed of 51.3% women, with a mean age of 48 (36-63) years and a BMI of 23.2 (20.3-26.6). Although only 17.7% of subjects with self-reported obesity exhibited the self-perception to suffer from obesity, they referred a bad (16%) or regular (47%) self-perceived health status. Subjects who considered themselves as people with overweight and obesity displayed a BMI of 30.5 (28.7-32.2) and 37.1 (34.8-41.5), respectively. The obesity group displayed the highest percentage (71.9%) of participants with some first-degree relative with overweight or obesity (p < 0.001) in comparison with the other groups. The main reason put forward of preventing healthy eating among subjects with obesity was that they dislike healthy food. The multivariable logistic regression model for presence of obesity showed that there was a significant association with older age, presence of a first-degree relative with weight excess, a positive snacking habit, and daily alcohol consumption (p ≤ 0.019). CONCLUSION The Spanish population has a low self-perception of obesity. Our data also reinforces the strong association between obesity and age, family interactions, usual snacking, and daily consumption of wine or beer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Lecube
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, Obesity, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Group (ODIM), IRBLleida, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain,
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain,
| | - Enric Sánchez
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, Obesity, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Group (ODIM), IRBLleida, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Susana Monereo
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Gregorio Marañón University General Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gema Medina-Gómez
- Department of Basic Sciences of Health, Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcon, Spain
| | - Diego Bellido
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Ferrol University Hospital Complex (CHUF), A Coruña, Spain
| | - José Manuel García-Almeida
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Institute of Biomedical Research of Malaga (IBIMA), University of Malaga, Málaga, Spain
- Quirón Salud Málaga Hospital, Málaga, Spain
| | | | - Maria Mar Malagón
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica (IMIBIC)/University of Córdoba/Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Albert Goday
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Parc de Salut Mar, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco José Tinahones
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Institute of Biomedical Research of Malaga (IBIMA), University of Malaga, Málaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
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58
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Payab M, Hasani-Ranjbar S, Shahbal N, Qorbani M, Aletaha A, Haghi-Aminjan H, Soltani A, Khatami F, Nikfar S, Hassani S, Abdollahi M, Larijani B. Effect of the herbal medicines in obesity and metabolic syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials. Phytother Res 2019; 34:526-545. [PMID: 31793087 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a medical situation in which excess body fat has gathered because of imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure. In spite of the fact that the variety of studies are available for obesity treatment and management, its "globesity" still remains a big challenge all over the world. The current systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and mechanisms of effective herbal medicines in the management and treatment of obesity and metabolic syndrome in human. We systematically searched all relevant clinical trials via Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and the Cochrane database to assess the effects of raw or refined products derived from plants or parts of plants on obesity and metabolic syndrome in overweight and obesity adult subjects. All studies conducted by the end of May 2019 were considered in the systematic review. Data were extracted independently by two experts. The quality assessment was assessed using Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials checklist. The main outcomes were anthropometric indices and metabolic syndrome components. Pooled effect of herbal medicines on obesity and metabolic syndrome were presented as standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI). A total of 279 relevant clinical trials were included. Herbals containing green tea, Phaseolus vulgaris, Garcinia cambogia, Nigella sativa, puerh tea, Irvingia gabonensis, and Caralluma fimbriata and their active ingredients were found to be effective in the management of obesity and metabolic syndrome. In addition, C. fimbriata, flaxseed, spinach, and fenugreek were able to reduce appetite. Meta-analysis showed that intake of green tea resulted in a significant improvement in weight ([SMD]: -0.75 [-1.18, -0.319]), body mass index ([SMD]: -1.2 [-1.82, -0.57]), waist circumference ([SMD]: -1.71 [-2.66, -0.77]), hip circumference ([SMD]: -0.42 [-1.02, -0.19]), and total cholesterol, ([SMD]: -0.43 [-0.77, -0.09]). In addition, the intake of P. vulgaris and N. sativa resulted in a significant improvement in weight ([SMD]: -0.88, 95 % CI: [-1.13, -0.63]) and triglyceride ([SMD]: -1.67, 95 % CI: [-2.54, -0.79]), respectively. High quality trials are still needed to firmly establish the clinical efficacy of the plants in obesity and metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moloud Payab
- Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shirin Hasani-Ranjbar
- Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nazila Shahbal
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Qorbani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Azadeh Aletaha
- Evidence Based Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Haghi-Aminjan
- Pharmaceutical Science Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Akbar Soltani
- Evidence Based Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Khatami
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shekoufeh Nikfar
- Department of Pharmacoeconomics and Pharmaceutical Administration, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Evidence-based Evaluation of Cost-Effectiveness and Clinical Outcomes Group, Pharmaceutical Science Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shokoufeh Hassani
- Toxicology and Diseases Group (TDG), Pharmaceutical Science Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), and Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- Toxicology and Diseases Group (TDG), Pharmaceutical Science Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), and Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Baron M, Maillet J, Huyvaert M, Dechaume A, Boutry R, Loiselle H, Durand E, Toussaint B, Vaillant E, Philippe J, Thomas J, Ghulam A, Franc S, Charpentier G, Borys JM, Lévy-Marchal C, Tauber M, Scharfmann R, Weill J, Aubert C, Kerr-Conte J, Pattou F, Roussel R, Balkau B, Marre M, Boissel M, Derhourhi M, Gaget S, Canouil M, Froguel P, Bonnefond A. Loss-of-function mutations in MRAP2 are pathogenic in hyperphagic obesity with hyperglycemia and hypertension. Nat Med 2019; 25:1733-1738. [PMID: 31700171 PMCID: PMC6858878 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-019-0622-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) accessory protein MRAP2 is implicated in energy control in rodents, notably via melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R)1. Although some MRAP2 mutations have been described in people with obesity1–3, their functional consequences on adiposity remain elusive. Using large-scale sequencing of MRAP2 in 9,418 people, we identified 23 rare heterozygous variants associated with increased obesity risk in both adults and children. Functional assessment of each variant shows that loss-of-function MRAP2 variants are pathogenic for monogenic hyperphagic obesity, with hyperglycemia and hypertension. This contrasts with other monogenic forms of obesity characterized by excessive hunger, including MC4R deficiency, that present with low blood pressure and normal glucose tolerance4. The pleiotropic metabolic effect of loss-of-function mutations in MRAP2 might be due to the failure of different MRAP2-regulated GPCRs in various tissues including pancreatic islets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgane Baron
- CNRS UMR 8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Julie Maillet
- CNRS UMR 8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Marlène Huyvaert
- CNRS UMR 8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Aurélie Dechaume
- CNRS UMR 8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Raphaël Boutry
- CNRS UMR 8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Hélène Loiselle
- CNRS UMR 8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Emmanuelle Durand
- CNRS UMR 8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Bénédicte Toussaint
- CNRS UMR 8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Emmanuel Vaillant
- CNRS UMR 8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Julien Philippe
- CNRS UMR 8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France.,Center for Human Disease Modeling, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jérémy Thomas
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Hormonologie, Centre de Biologie Pathologie, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Lille, France
| | - Amjad Ghulam
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Hormonologie, Centre de Biologie Pathologie, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Lille, France
| | - Sylvia Franc
- CERITD (Centre d'Étude et de Recherche pour l'Intensification du Traitement du Diabète), Evry, France.,Department of Diabetes, Sud-Francilien Hospital, University Paris-Sud, Orsay, Corbeil-Essonnes, France
| | - Guillaume Charpentier
- CERITD (Centre d'Étude et de Recherche pour l'Intensification du Traitement du Diabète), Evry, France.,Department of Diabetes, Sud-Francilien Hospital, University Paris-Sud, Orsay, Corbeil-Essonnes, France
| | | | - Claire Lévy-Marchal
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Inserm CIE 05, Robert Debré Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Maïthé Tauber
- Endocrinology, Obesity, Bone Disease, Genetics and Medical Gynecology, Hôpital des Enfants, Inserm UMR 1043, Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Raphaël Scharfmann
- Inserm U1016, Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Jacques Weill
- Pediatric Endocrine Department, Lille Hospital, Lille, France
| | | | - Julie Kerr-Conte
- Inserm U1190, EGID, CHU Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - François Pattou
- Inserm U1190, EGID, CHU Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Ronan Roussel
- Department of Diabetology, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hôpital Bichat, DHU FIRE, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.,Inserm U1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,UFR de Médecine, University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Beverley Balkau
- Inserm U1018, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Villejuif, France.,University Paris-Saclay, University Paris-Sud, Villejuif, France
| | - Michel Marre
- Inserm U1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,CMC Ambroise Paré, Neuilly-sur-Seine, France
| | - Mathilde Boissel
- CNRS UMR 8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Mehdi Derhourhi
- CNRS UMR 8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Stefan Gaget
- CNRS UMR 8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Mickaël Canouil
- CNRS UMR 8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Philippe Froguel
- CNRS UMR 8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France. .,Department of Metabolism, Section of Genomics of Common Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Amélie Bonnefond
- CNRS UMR 8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France. .,Department of Metabolism, Section of Genomics of Common Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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Du T, Fernandez C, Barshop R, Fonseca V, Chen W, Bazzano LA. Variabilities in Childhood Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Incident Diabetes in Adulthood: The Bogalusa Heart Study. Diabetes Care 2019; 42:1816-1823. [PMID: 31320447 PMCID: PMC6702606 DOI: 10.2337/dc19-0430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although emerging evidence indicates that increased variability in cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) among populations at midlife or later is a reliable predictor of adverse health outcomes, it is unknown whether intraindividual CVRF variability during childhood or adolescence is an independent predictor of later-life diabetes. We aimed to examine the association of CVRF variability during childhood with diabetes in later life. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We included 1,718 participants who participated in the Bogalusa Heart Study and had measures at least four times during childhood (aged 4-19 years). The mean follow-up period was 20.5 years. Intraindividual CVRF variabilities during childhood were calculated using SD, coefficient of variation, deviation from age-predicted values, and residual SD based upon four to eight serial measurements in childhood. RESULTS Increased variability in BMI or HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) during childhood, irrespective of the indices used, was significantly positively associated with later-life diabetes risk independent of their respective mean levels in childhood and other possible confounding factors. In combined analysis, the magnitude of the association with diabetes risk was similar for high childhood BMI variability and high childhood HDL-C variability. After adjustments for potential confounding variables, other CVRF variabilities including systolic/diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL cholesterol were not significantly associated with diabetes. CONCLUSIONS Increased BMI and HDL-C variabilities during childhood were significant risk factors for the development of diabetes independently of diverse risk factors, which may offer new insights into the childhood origin of adult-onset diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Du
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA
| | - Camilo Fernandez
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA
| | - Rupert Barshop
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA
| | - Vivian Fonseca
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
- Southeast Louisiana Veterans Healthcare System Medical Center, New Orleans, LA
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA
| | - Lydia A Bazzano
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA
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Kang Y, Li Y, Du Y, Guo L, Chen M, Huang X, Yang F, Hong J, Kong X. Konjaku flour reduces obesity in mice by modulating the composition of the gut microbiota. Int J Obes (Lond) 2019; 43:1631-1643. [PMID: 30242233 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-018-0187-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Changes in the intestinal flora composition is referred to as dysbiosis, which is related to obesity development, thus supporting the potential roles of nutrients acting on intestinal flora to exert salutary effects on energetic metabolism of host. Dietary fiber has been known to affect the composition of intestinal flora. The aim of the present study was to investigate the functional effects of konjac flour (KF) on obesity control in respect to improving inflammation, metabolism, and intestinal barrier function, and the possible association of the effects with intestinal flora composition changes. METHODS Mice (n = 30) were randomly divided into control group (n = 10), high-fat-diet (HFD) group (n = 10), and KF intervention group (n = 10), followed by feeding for 12 weeks and with adding a KF daily supplementation for the treatment group. Body weight, fat accumulation, inflammation, and energetic metabolism markers in multiple tissues and the gut microbiota of the mice were examined at the end of the experiment. RESULTS The KF supplementation significantly reduced the gains in weight, fat mass, as well as adipocyte size of HFD mice and lowered the serum TC, leptin (LEP), thiobarbituric acid-reacting substance (TBARS), IL-6, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels in HFD mice. KF also upregulated the expression of intestinal mucosa protein gene Intection and tight junction ZO-1 in HFD mice, as well as upregulate the expression of energy metabolism genes PPARα and CPT-1 as well as the fat metabolism gene HLS in livers and fat tissues, and downregulate that of fat synthesis gene PPARγ (p < 0.05). The KF treatment increases the α-diversity and change the β-diversity of the intestinal microflora in HFD mice and boosted the abundances of some obesity-related beneficial microorganisms (such as Megasphaera elsdenii) in the intestinal microflora of HFD mice, while reduced those of harmful microorganisms (such as Alistipes, Alloprevotella, Bacteroides acidifaciens, and Parabacteroides goldsteinii). The abundance of Alistipes was positively correlated with weight, fat mass, serum TC, TG, LEP, IL-6, and LPS contents as well as PPARγ gene expression; while notably and negatively related to the expression of CPT-1 and HLS genes (p < 0.01). KF remarkably increased the abundance of Aerococcaceae, while reduced that of Alistipes finegoldii (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Supplementation with KF achieves favorable effects on treating obesity, improving inflammatory response, metabolism, and intestinal barrier function, by regulating intestinal microfloral structure in HFD-fed mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongbo Kang
- Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Genetics and Pharmacogenomics Laboratory, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yu Li
- Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Genetics and Pharmacogenomics Laboratory, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yuhui Du
- Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Genetics and Pharmacogenomics Laboratory, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Liqiong Guo
- Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Genetics and Pharmacogenomics Laboratory, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Minghui Chen
- Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Genetics and Pharmacogenomics Laboratory, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xinwei Huang
- Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Genetics and Pharmacogenomics Laboratory, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Fang Yang
- Nutrition Department, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jingan Hong
- Nutrition Department, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiangyang Kong
- Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
- Genetics and Pharmacogenomics Laboratory, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
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Kang D, Su M, Duan Y, Huang Y. Eurotium cristatum, a potential probiotic fungus from Fuzhuan brick tea, alleviated obesity in mice by modulating gut microbiota. Food Funct 2019; 10:5032-5045. [PMID: 31359019 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo00604d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is one of the major public health problems worldwide, mainly resulting from unhealthy lifestyles and diet. Gut microbiota dysbiosis may lead to obese humans and animals. Modulating gut bacteria through probiotics or certain dietary supplements could normalize gut microbiota and subsequently alleviate obesity. The daily consumption of Fuzhuan brick tea (FBT) or its extracts has been observed to alleviate obesity in humans and experimental animals. In this study, high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity in mice, such as body weight gain and fat accumulation, was prevented by the consumption of Eurotium cristatum, the dominant fungus during the manufacturing and storage of FBT. The dysbiosis of gut microbiota in C57BL/6J mice was also partially normalized. E. cristatum was able to modulate both gut fungal and bacterial compositions, based on the analysis of the microbiota composition of mice fecal samples (n = 5). E. cristatum increased acetate and butyrate-producing bacteria in mouse gut. There was five times more butyrate in the fecal samples from mice fed with E. cristatum than that from untreated HFD mice. Our results suggest that E. cristatum may be used as a probiotic fungus to alleviate obesity and to modulate gut microbiota in humans beneficially.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingding Kang
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine at Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China.
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Lu X, Liu J, Zhang N, Fu Y, Zhang Z, Li Y, Wang W, Li Y, Shen P, Cao Y. Ripened Pu-erh Tea Extract Protects Mice from Obesity by Modulating Gut Microbiota Composition. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:6978-6994. [PMID: 31070363 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b04909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Ripened Pu-erh tea extract contributes to reducing weight gain and fat accumulation; however, the role of gut microbiota on the antiobesity effect of ripened Pu-erh tea extract in obese mice remains unclear. This study aims to explore the role of alterations in gut microbes mediated by ripened Pu-erh tea extract in obese mice through 16S rRNA sequencing and a fecal transplant trial. Our results suggested that drinking water containing ripened Pu-erh tea extract could decrease weight gain, fat accumulation, adipose inflammation, the Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes ratio, and metabolic endotoxemia while, in the meantime, improving the intestinal barrier integrity in obese mice. Moreover, the fecal transplant trial indicated that feces from the donor mice treated with ripened Pu-erh tea extract could significantly modulate weight and metabolic syndrome in the recipient mice. Thus, our results indicated that gut microbiota can mediate the function of ripened Pu-erh tea extract against obesity; additionally, ripened Pu-erh tea extract can potentially prevent individuals from being obese through rebalancing the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Lu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine , Jilin University , Changchun , 130062 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jiuxi Liu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine , Jilin University , Changchun , 130062 , People's Republic of China
| | - Naisheng Zhang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine , Jilin University , Changchun , 130062 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yunhe Fu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine , Jilin University , Changchun , 130062 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zecai Zhang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine , Jilin University , Changchun , 130062 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yanxin Li
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine , Jilin University , Changchun , 130062 , People's Republic of China
| | - Wenqing Wang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine , Jilin University , Changchun , 130062 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyi Li
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine , Jilin University , Changchun , 130062 , People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Shen
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine , Jilin University , Changchun , 130062 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yongguo Cao
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine , Jilin University , Changchun , 130062 , People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine , Jilin University , Changchun , 130062 , People's Republic of China
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Hastuti P, Tasmini T, Utami RF, Riwa MRK, Steven S, Sadewa AH. Variation of Resistin Gene Is Correlated with Insulin Resistance in Obese People of Indonesia. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2019; 7:1891-1895. [PMID: 31406524 PMCID: PMC6684434 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2019.456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is considered associated with an increase of resistin levels that plays a role in the regulation of energy and maintaining fasting blood glucose. Polymorphism of resistin is thought to be correlated with the levels of resistin and insulin resistance. AIM This study aimed to examine the association of +299G > A and -420C > G resistin (RETN) gene with resistin level and insulin resistance in obese people of Indonesia. METHODS We examined 142 healthy unrelated subjects consisting of 71 obese and 71 controls. Fasting blood glucose was measured by the enzymatic method while the resistin and insulin levels were measured by Elisa method. Insulin resistance was calculated by HOMA-IR index. Polymorphisms of RETN genes were examined by the Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method, and the data was tested. The data were correlated with Kruskal Wallis continue logistic regression and simple linear regression. RESULTS In the obese group, there was an increased level of insulin (17.74 vs 11.27 mU/L) and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR 3.9 vs 1.46) compared to the control group. Polymorphism of +299G > A was associated with insulin resistance (GA and GA + AA genotype significantly different compare GG genotype with P < 0.001). Resistin level was negatively correlated with insulin level (P = 0.017). CONCLUSION In this study, polymorphism of +299G > A was identified as a risk factor for insulin resistance, and there was a significant association of serum resistin level with insulin level in the population of Indonesia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tasmini Tasmini
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Rizki Fajar Utami
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Islam Indonesia, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | | | | | - Ahmad Hamim Sadewa
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
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Venkatapoorna CMK, Ayine P, Parra EP, Koenigs T, Phillips M, Babu JR, Sandey M, Geetha T. Association of Salivary Amylase ( AMY1) Gene Copy Number with Obesity in Alabama Elementary School Children. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11061379. [PMID: 31248128 PMCID: PMC6627241 DOI: 10.3390/nu11061379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Salivary amylase (AMY1) is the most abundant enzyme in human saliva, responsible for the hydrolysis of α-1,4 glycosidic linkages that aids in the digestion of starch. Recently studies have shown that the copy number of AMY1 is associated with obesity; however, the data varies with location. One-third of children are overweight/obese in Alabama. In this study, we aim to determine the relationship between the copy number of AMY1 gene and obesity measurements in children from Alabama. One hundred twenty-seven children aged between 6 to 10 years participated in this study. Anthropometric measurements were measured using WHO recommendations. Genomic DNA was extracted from saliva, and the copy number of the AMY1 gene was estimated by digital PCR. The association between AMY1 copy number and obesity measurements was analyzed by linear regression. The mean AMY1 copy number significantly decreased in overweight/obese (6.21 ± 1.48) compared to normal weight (7.97 ± 2.35) children. AMY1 copy number inversely associated with the obesity measurements. African Americans had a stronger association between low AMY1 copy number and obesity compared to white/European Americans. Our findings suggest that overweight/obese children have a low AMY1 copy number and the effect is more prominent in African Americans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra M K Venkatapoorna
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Hospitality Management, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
| | - Priscilla Ayine
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Hospitality Management, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
| | - Emily P Parra
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Hospitality Management, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
| | - Taylor Koenigs
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Hospitality Management, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
| | - Megan Phillips
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Hospitality Management, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
| | - Jeganathan R Babu
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Hospitality Management, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
- Boshell Metabolic Diseases and Diabetes Program, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
| | - Maninder Sandey
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
| | - Thangiah Geetha
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Hospitality Management, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
- Boshell Metabolic Diseases and Diabetes Program, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
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Fang W, Xue H, Chen X, Chen K, Ling W. Supplementation with Sodium Butyrate Modulates the Composition of the Gut Microbiota and Ameliorates High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity in Mice. J Nutr 2019; 149:747-754. [PMID: 31004166 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxy324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) have been reported to ameliorate obesity. However, the underlying mechanisms require further investigation. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine the role of butyrate, an SCFA, in the regulation of obesity, low-grade chronic inflammation, and alterations of microbiota composition in mice. METHODS Male C57BL/6J mice, 4-5 wk of age, were divided into 3 groups (n = 8 mice/group): low-fat diet (LFD; 10% energy from fat), high-fat diet (HFD; 45% energy from fat), or high-fat diet plus sodium butyrate (HSB). HSB mice received sodium butyrate at a concentration of 0.1 M in drinking water for 12 wk. Measures of inflammation, obesity, and intestinal integrity were assessed. Serum lipopolysaccharide (LPS) concentrations were measured in the 3 groups. Fecal samples were collected for gut microbiota analysis. RESULTS In HFD mice, body weight gain and hepatic triglyceride (TG), serum interleukin-6 (IL-6), and serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α levels were 1-4 times higher than those in LFD mice (P < 0.05); they were 34-42% lower in HSB mice compared with HFD mice (P < 0.05). The HFD group had 28%-48% lower mRNA expression of both Tjp1 and Ocln in the ileum and colon compared with levels in LFD or HSB mice (P < 0.05), whereas there was no difference in expression levels between LFD and HSB mice. Furthermore, in HSB mice, serum LPS concentration was 53% lower compared with that in HFD mice but still 23% higher than that in LFD mice (P < 0.05). Results from principal component analysis showed that HSB and LFD mice had a similar gut microbiota structure, which was significantly different from that in HFD mice (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Sodium butyrate administration beneficially changed HFD-induced gut microbiota composition and improved intestinal barrier, leading to lower serum LPS concentrations. These changes may correspond with improvements in obesity-related lipid accumulation and low-grade chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanjun Fang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Clinical Nutrition, Ningbo Women and Children's Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Hongliang Xue
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ke Chen
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenhua Ling
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, China
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67
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Fang J, Gong C, Wan Y, Xu Y, Tao F, Sun Y. Polygenic risk, adherence to a healthy lifestyle, and childhood obesity. Pediatr Obes 2019; 14:e12489. [PMID: 30515989 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both polygenic and unhealthy lifestyle factors contribute to individual-level risk of obesity during childhood. The extent to which increased polygenic risk can be offset by healthy lifestyle is unknown. OBJECTIVE To examine whether increased polygenic risk of obesity is modified by a healthy lifestyle during childhood. METHODS A total of 997 children (418 boys and 579 girls) who had complete DNA genotyping and body mass index (BMI) were eligible for the study were analyzed from an established prospective puberty cohort. The polygenic risk score (PRS) was computed based on 11 BMI-increasing single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) derived from a published genome-wide association study (GWAS) for child obesity. Seven lifestyle factors were selected to determine a composite healthy lifestyle, such as food responsiveness, slowness in eating, satiety responsiveness, physical activity, screen time, sleep duration, and sugar-sweetened beverages consumption, and which was classified as healthy (<P25 ), intermediate (P25 -P75 ) and unhealthy (>P75 ) lifestyle. Linear and logistic regression analyses were conducted. RESULTS Children carrying additional BMI susceptibility alleles increased the BMI by 0.11 kg/m2 , after adjusting gender, age and socio-economic status (SES). A healthy lifestyle was associated with a substantially lower risk of obesity than an unhealthy lifestyle, regardless of the polygenic risk category. Among children at high polygenic risk, a healthy lifestyle was associated with an 85% lower risk of obesity than an unhealthy lifestyle (odds ratio, 0.15; 95% CI, 0.04 to 0.59; p = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that increased polygenic risk might be largely offset by healthy lifestyle as early as in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Fang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Chun Gong
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yuhui Wan
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xu
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Fangbiao Tao
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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68
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Luo Q, Cheng D, Huang C, Li Y, Lao C, Xia Y, Liu W, Gong X, Hu D, Li B, He X, Chen Z. Improvement of Colonic Immune Function with Soy Isoflavones in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Rats. Molecules 2019; 24:E1139. [PMID: 30909396 PMCID: PMC6470843 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24061139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The damage to intestinal barrier function plays an important role in the development of obesity and associated diseases. Soy isoflavones are effective natural active components for controlling obesity and reducing the level of blood lipid. Here, we explored whether these effects of soy isoflavones were associated with the intestinal barrier function. Methods and Results: The obese rat models were established by high fat diet feeding. Then, those obese rats were supplemented with soy isoflavones at different doses for 4 weeks. Our results showed that obesity induced the expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines, decreased the anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10) expression, elevated intestinal permeability, altered gut microbiota and exacerbated oxidative damages in colon. The administration of soy isoflavones reversed these changes in obese rats, presenting as the improvement of intestinal immune function and permeability, attenuation of oxidative damage, increase in the fraction of beneficial bacteria producing short-chain fatty acids and short-chain fatty acid production, and reduction in harmful bacteria. Furthermore, soy isoflavones blocked the expressions of TLR4 and NF-κB in the colons of the obese rats. Conclusions: Soy isoflavones could improve obesity through the attenuation of intestinal oxidative stress, recovery of immune and mucosal barrier, as well as re-balance of intestinal gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihui Luo
- Laboratory of Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Dongjing Cheng
- Laboratory of Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Chao Huang
- Laboratory of Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yifan Li
- Laboratory of Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Chengjie Lao
- Laboratory of Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yu Xia
- Laboratory of Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Wentao Liu
- Laboratory of Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Xiaoxia Gong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Danlei Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Bin Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Xue He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Zhengli Chen
- Laboratory of Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
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Liu M, Tso P, Woods SC. Receptor CD36 links a risk-associated allele to obesity and metabolic disorders. J Biol Chem 2019; 293:13349-13350. [PMID: 30143599 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.h118.004818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Mice harboring a particular allele of the human brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNFM/M mice) develop extreme obesity and insulin resistance when fed a high-fat diet. The underlying mechanisms of this genetic risk factor for obesity are unclear. In the current issue of JBC, Yang et al. report that pharmacological inhibition of integral membrane protein CD36 significantly reduces body weight gain and improves glucose tolerance in BDNFM/M mice. Targeting CD36 may therefore be a promising strategy to improve metabolic dysfunctions and normalize risk factors in obese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Liu
- From the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and
| | - Patrick Tso
- From the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and
| | - Stephen C Woods
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45237
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Thermogenesis-independent metabolic benefits conferred by isocaloric intermittent fasting in ob/ob mice. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2479. [PMID: 30792482 PMCID: PMC6385507 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39380-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Intermittent fasting (IF) is an effective dietary intervention to counteract obesity-associated metabolic abnormalities. Previously, we and others have highlighted white adipose tissue (WAT) browning as the main underlying mechanism of IF-mediated metabolic benefits. However, whether IF retains its efficacy in different models, such as genetically obese/diabetic animals, is unknown. Here, leptin-deficient ob/ob mice were subjected to 16 weeks of isocaloric IF, and comprehensive metabolic phenotyping was conducted to assess the metabolic effects of IF. Unlike our previous study, isocaloric IF-subjected ob/ob animals failed to exhibit reduced body weight gain, lower fat mass, or decreased liver lipid accumulation. Moreover, isocaloric IF did not result in increased thermogenesis nor induce WAT browning in ob/ob mice. These findings indicate that isocaloric IF may not be an effective approach for regulating body weight in ob/ob animals, posing the possible limitations of IF to treat obesity. However, despite the lack of improvement in insulin sensitivity, isocaloric IF-subjected ob/ob animals displayed improved glucose tolerance as well as higher postprandial insulin level, with elevated incretin expression, suggesting that isocaloric IF is effective in improving nutrient-stimulated insulin secretion. Together, this study uncovers the insulinotropic effect of isocaloric IF, independent of adipose thermogenesis, which is potentially complementary for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
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71
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Brenachot X, Nédélec E, Ben Fradj S, Boudry G, Douard V, Laderrière A, Lemoine A, Liénard F, Nuzzaci D, Pénicaud L, Rigault C, Benani A. Lack of Hypothalamus Polysialylation Inducibility Correlates With Maladaptive Eating Behaviors and Predisposition to Obesity. Front Nutr 2019; 5:125. [PMID: 30619871 PMCID: PMC6295648 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2018.00125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
High variability exists in individual susceptibility to develop overweight in an obesogenic environment and the biological underpinnings of this heterogeneity are poorly understood. In this brief report, we show in mice that the vulnerability to diet-induced obesity is associated with low level of polysialic acid-neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM), a factor of neural plasticity, in the hypothalamus. As we previously shown that reduction of hypothalamic PSA-NCAM is sufficient to alter energy homeostasis and promote fat storage under hypercaloric pressure, inter-individual variability in hypothalamic PSA-NCAM might account for the vulnerability to diet-induced obesity. These data support the concept that reduced plasticity in brain circuits that control appetite, metabolism and body weight confers risk for eating disorders and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Brenachot
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Emmanuelle Nédélec
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Selma Ben Fradj
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Gaelle Boudry
- Institut NuMeCan, INRA, INSERM, Université Rennes, Domaine de la Prise, Saint-Gilles, France
| | - Véronique Douard
- Institut Micalis, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Domaine de Vilvert, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Amélie Laderrière
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Aleth Lemoine
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Fabienne Liénard
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Danaé Nuzzaci
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Luc Pénicaud
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Caroline Rigault
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Alexandre Benani
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
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Niazi RK, Gjesing AP, Hollensted M, Have CT, Grarup N, Pedersen O, Ullah A, Shahid G, Ahmad W, Gul A, Hansen T. Identification of novel LEPR mutations in Pakistani families with morbid childhood obesity. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2018; 19:199. [PMID: 30442103 PMCID: PMC6238292 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-018-0710-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Mutations in the genes encoding leptin (LEP), the leptin receptor (LEPR), and the melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) are known to cause severe early-onset childhood obesity. The aim of the current study was to examine the prevalence of damaging LEP, LEPR, and MC4R mutations in Pakistani families having a recessive heritance of early-onset obesity. Methods Using targeted resequencing, the presence of rare mutations in LEP, LEPR, and MC4R, was investigated in individuals from 25 families suspected of having autosomal recessive early-onset obesity. Segregation patterns of variants were assessed based on chip-based genotyping. Results Homozygous LEPR variants were identified in two probands. One carried a deletion (c.3260AG) resulting in the frameshift mutation p.Ser1090Trpfs*6, and the second carried a substitution (c.2675C > G) resulting in the missense mutation p.Pro892Arg. Both mutations were located within regions of homozygosity shared only among affected individuals. Both probands displayed early-onset obesity, hyperphagia and diabetes. No mutations were found in LEP and MC4R. Conclusions The current study highlights the implication of LEPR mutations in cases of severe early-onset obesity in consanguineous Pakistani families. Through targeted resequencing, we identified novel damaging mutations, and our approach may therefore be utilized in clinical testing or diagnosis of known forms of monogenic obesity with the aim of optimizing obesity treatment. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12881-018-0710-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robina Khan Niazi
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Children Hospital, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Anette P Gjesing
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mette Hollensted
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Theil Have
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels Grarup
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Oluf Pedersen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Asmat Ullah
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Gulbin Shahid
- Children Hospital, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Wasim Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Asma Gul
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Torben Hansen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Visvikis-Siest S, Aldasoro Arguinano AA, Stathopoulou M, Xie T, Petrelis A, Weryha G, Froguel P, Meier-Abt P, Meyer UA, Mlakar V, Ansari M, Papassotiropoulos A, Dedoussis G, Pan B, Bühlmann RP, Noyer-Weidner M, Dietrich PY, Van Schaik R, Innocenti F, März W, Bekris LM, Deloukas P. 8th Santorini Conference: Systems medicine and personalized health and therapy, Santorini, Greece, 3-5 October 2016. Drug Metab Pers Ther 2018; 32:119-127. [PMID: 28475488 DOI: 10.1515/dmpt-2017-0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Rodrigues APS, Rosa LPS, Silveira EA. PPARG2 Pro12Ala polymorphism influences body composition changes in severely obese patients consuming extra virgin olive oil: a randomized clinical trial. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2018; 15:52. [PMID: 30026785 PMCID: PMC6050653 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-018-0289-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous intervention studies have reported the association of the PPARG2 Pro12Ala (rs1801282) and IL6 -174G > C (rs1800795) polymorphisms with weight loss; however, their results are inconsistent. We aimed to investigate the effect of the PPARG2 Pro12Ala and IL6 -174G > C polymorphisms on body weight, body composition and metabolic parameters after a 12-week nutritional intervention with a traditional Brazilian diet and extra virgin olive oil supplementation in severely obese patients. METHODS A total of 149 severely obese individuals [body mass index (BMI) ≥ 35 kg/m2] were randomized into three 12-week nutritional intervention groups - the extra virgin olive oil supplementation (OO) group (n = 50), the traditional Brazilian diet (DieTBra) group (n = 49), and the DieTBra plus extra virgin olive oil supplementation (DieTBra+OO) group (n = 50). Anthropometric measurements, body composition, metabolic parameters, physical activity practise and dietary intake were assessed. The associations were tested using generalized linear models adjusted for confounders. RESULTS The PPARG2 Pro12Ala polymorphism influenced body composition changes. Ala carriers in the intervention groups with extra virgin olive oil supplementation had greater reductions in the percentage of body fat (%BF) (OO: p = 0.049, DietBra+OO: p = 0.004) and greater increases in both fat-free mass (FFM) (OO: p = 0.020, DieTBra: p = 0.007) and lean mass (LM) (OO: p = 0.020, DieTBra+OO: p = 0.007) than did ProPro homozygotes. No association was found for the IL6 -174G > C polymorphism. CONCLUSIONS Extra virgin olive oil intake may modulate favourable body composition changes, promoting a decrease in the %BF and increases in the LM and FFM of severely obese individuals, even without weight loss, in the presence of the Ala allele of the Pro12Ala polymorphism. TRIAL REGISTRATION Registered under ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier No. NCT02463435.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Santos Rodrigues
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 1a Avenida, s/n, Setor Leste Universitário, Goiânia, Goiás CEP 74605-020 Brazil
| | - Lorena Pereira Souza Rosa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 1a Avenida, s/n, Setor Leste Universitário, Goiânia, Goiás CEP 74605-020 Brazil
| | - Erika Aparecida Silveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 1a Avenida, s/n, Setor Leste Universitário, Goiânia, Goiás CEP 74605-020 Brazil
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Vitale A, Labruna G, Mancini A, Alfieri A, Iaffaldano L, Nardelli C, Pasanisi F, Pastore L, Buono P, Lombardo B. 3q29 microduplication in a small family with complex metabolic phenotype from Southern Italy. Clin Chem Lab Med 2018; 56:e167-e170. [PMID: 29306918 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2017-1090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Vitale
- Dipartimento di Scienze Motorie e del Benessere, Università "Parthenope", Naples, Italy.,Ceinge Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Annamaria Mancini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Motorie e del Benessere, Università "Parthenope", Naples, Italy.,Ceinge Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy
| | - Andreina Alfieri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Motorie e del Benessere, Università "Parthenope", Naples, Italy.,Ceinge Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy
| | - Laura Iaffaldano
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Carmela Nardelli
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Pasanisi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Lucio Pastore
- Ceinge Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy.,Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Pasqualina Buono
- Dipartimento di Scienze Motorie e del Benessere, Università "Parthenope", Naples, Italy.,IRCCS SDN, Naples, Italy.,Ceinge Biotecnologie Avanzate, Via G. Salvatore 486, 80145, Naples, Italy, Phone: 00390813737892
| | - Barbara Lombardo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Ceinge Biotecnologie Avanzate, Via G. Salvatore 486, 80145, Naples, Italy, Phone: 00390813737917
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Phenotype and genotype predictors of BMI variability among European adults. Nutr Diabetes 2018; 8:27. [PMID: 29795275 PMCID: PMC5966508 DOI: 10.1038/s41387-018-0041-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/Objective Obesity is a complex and multifactorial disease resulting from the interactions among genetics, metabolic, behavioral, sociocultural and environmental factors. In this sense, the aim of the present study was to identify phenotype and genotype variables that could be relevant determinants of body mass index (BMI) variability. Subjects/Methods In the present study, a total of 1050 subjects (798 females; 76%) were included. Least angle regression (LARS) analysis was used as regression model selection technique, where the dependent variable was BMI and the independent variables were age, sex, energy intake, physical activity level, and 16 polymorphisms previously related to obesity and lipid metabolism. Results The LARS analysis obtained the following formula for BMI explanation: (64.7 + 0.10 × age [years] + 0.42 × gender [0, men; 1, women] + −40.6 × physical activity [physical activity level] + 0.004 × energy intake [kcal] + 0.74 × rs9939609 [0 or 1–2 risk alleles] + −0.72 × rs1800206 [0 or 1–2 risk alleles] + −0.86 × rs1801282 [0 or 1–2 risk alleles] + 0.87 × rs429358 [0 or 1–2 risk alleles]. The multivariable regression model accounted for 21% of the phenotypic variance in BMI. The regression model was internally validated by the bootstrap method (r2 original data set = 0.208, mean r2 bootstrap data sets = 0.210). Conclusion In conclusion, age, physical activity, energy intake and polymorphisms in FTO, APOE, PPARG and PPARA genes are significant predictors of the BMI trait.
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Montagne L, Derhourhi M, Piton A, Toussaint B, Durand E, Vaillant E, Thuillier D, Gaget S, De Graeve F, Rabearivelo I, Lansiaux A, Lenne B, Sukno S, Desailloud R, Cnop M, Nicolescu R, Cohen L, Zagury JF, Amouyal M, Weill J, Muller J, Sand O, Delobel B, Froguel P, Bonnefond A. CoDE-seq, an augmented whole-exome sequencing, enables the accurate detection of CNVs and mutations in Mendelian obesity and intellectual disability. Mol Metab 2018; 13:1-9. [PMID: 29784605 PMCID: PMC6026315 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The molecular diagnosis of extreme forms of obesity, in which accurate detection of both copy number variations (CNVs) and point mutations, is crucial for an optimal care of the patients and genetic counseling for their families. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) has benefited considerably this molecular diagnosis, but its poor ability to detect CNVs remains a major limitation. We aimed to develop a method (CoDE-seq) enabling the accurate detection of both CNVs and point mutations in one step. Methods CoDE-seq is based on an augmented WES method, using probes distributed uniformly throughout the genome. CoDE-seq was validated in 40 patients for whom chromosomal DNA microarray was available. CNVs and mutations were assessed in 82 children/young adults with suspected Mendelian obesity and/or intellectual disability and in their parents when available (ntotal = 145). Results CoDE-seq not only detected all of the 97 CNVs identified by chromosomal DNA microarrays but also found 84 additional CNVs, due to a better resolution. When compared to CoDE-seq and chromosomal DNA microarrays, WES failed to detect 37% and 14% of CNVs, respectively. In the 82 patients, a likely molecular diagnosis was achieved in >30% of the patients. Half of the genetic diagnoses were explained by CNVs while the other half by mutations. Conclusions CoDE-seq has proven cost-efficient and highly effective as it avoids the sequential genetic screening approaches currently used in clinical practice for the accurate detection of CNVs and point mutations. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) poorly detects CNVs. Whole-genome sequencing remains expensive and hard to handle in clinical practice. CoDE-seq (based on an augmented WES protocol) accurately detect CNVs. CoDE-seq is highly effective for the diagnosis of obesity & intellectual disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Montagne
- CNRS UMR 8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France; Department of Pediatrics, Saint Antoine Pediatric Hospital, Saint Vincent de Paul Hospital, Groupement des Hôpitaux de l'Institut Catholique de Lille (GHICL), Catholic University of Lille, Lille, France.
| | - Mehdi Derhourhi
- CNRS UMR 8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Amélie Piton
- Molecular diagnostic laboratory, Strasbourg University Hospitals, Strasbourg, France
| | - Bénédicte Toussaint
- CNRS UMR 8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Emmanuelle Durand
- CNRS UMR 8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Emmanuel Vaillant
- CNRS UMR 8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Dorothée Thuillier
- CNRS UMR 8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Stefan Gaget
- CNRS UMR 8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Franck De Graeve
- CNRS UMR 8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Iandry Rabearivelo
- CNRS UMR 8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Amélie Lansiaux
- Department of Medical Research, Saint Philibert Hospital, Groupement des Hôpitaux de l'Institut Catholique de Lille (GHICL), Lomme, France
| | - Bruno Lenne
- Department of Cytogenetics-Medical Genetics, Saint Vincent de Paul Hospital, Groupement des Hôpitaux de l'Institut Catholique de Lille (GHICL), Catholic University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Sylvie Sukno
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Saint Antoine Paediatric Hospital, Saint Vincent de Paul Hospital, Groupement des Hôpitaux de l'Institut Catholique de Lille (GHICL), Catholic University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Rachel Desailloud
- Department of Endocrinology-Nutrition, University of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Miriam Cnop
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ramona Nicolescu
- Department of Pediatrics, General Hospital Citadelle, Liège, Belgium
| | - Lior Cohen
- Genetic Institute, Schneider Children's Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Jean-François Zagury
- Laboratoire Génomique, Bioinformatique et Applications, EA4627, Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, Paris, France
| | - Mélanie Amouyal
- Inserm U1141, Robert Debré Hospital, Paris Diderot-Paris 7 University, Paris, France
| | - Jacques Weill
- Pediatric Endocrine Department, Lille hospital, Lille, France
| | - Jean Muller
- Molecular diagnostic laboratory, Strasbourg University Hospitals, Strasbourg, France; Inserm U1112, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Olivier Sand
- CNRS UMR 8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Bruno Delobel
- Department of Cytogenetics-Medical Genetics, Saint Vincent de Paul Hospital, Groupement des Hôpitaux de l'Institut Catholique de Lille (GHICL), Catholic University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Philippe Froguel
- CNRS UMR 8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France; Department of Medicine, Section of Genomics of Common Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Amélie Bonnefond
- CNRS UMR 8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France; Department of Medicine, Section of Genomics of Common Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
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Association Between the Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor Val66Met Polymorphism and Overweight/Obesity in Pediatric Population. Arch Med Res 2018; 48:599-608. [PMID: 29506764 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) rs6265 (G196A; Val66Met) single nucleotide polymorphism has been associated with BMI and obesity in distinct populations, both adult and pediatric, with contradictory results involving either Val or Met as the risk variant. AIM OF THE STUDY To determine the association between the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism and BMI in Mexican children and adolescents. METHODS BDNF Val66Met genotyping by restriction fragment length polymorphism and nutritional status characterized by their BMI-for-age z-scores (BAZ) from pediatric volunteers (n = 498) were analyzed by Fisher's exact test association analysis. Standardized residuals (R) were used to determine which genotype/allele had the major influence on the significant Fisher's exact test statistic. Odds ratios were analyzed to measure the association between genotype and normal weight (≥-2 SD < + 1 SD) and overweight (≥ + 1 SD, including obesity, Ow + Ob) status with 95% confidence intervals to estimate the precision of the effect as well as 95% credible intervals to obtain the most probable estimate. RESULTS Comparisons between GG (Val/Val), GA (Val/Met) and AA (Met/Met) genotypes or Met homozygotes vs. Val carriers (combination of GG and GA genotypes) showed significant differences (p = 0.034 and p = 0.037, respectively) between normal weight and the combined overweight and obese pediatric subjects. Our data showed that children/adolescents homozygous for the A allele have increased risk of overweight compared to the Val carriers (Bayes OR = 4.2, 95% CI**[1.09-33.1]). CONCLUSION This is the first study showing the significant association between the BDNF rs6265 AA (Met/Met) genotype and overweight/obesity in Mexican pediatric population.
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Kleinert M, Clemmensen C, Hofmann SM, Moore MC, Renner S, Woods SC, Huypens P, Beckers J, de Angelis MH, Schürmann A, Bakhti M, Klingenspor M, Heiman M, Cherrington AD, Ristow M, Lickert H, Wolf E, Havel PJ, Müller TD, Tschöp MH. Animal models of obesity and diabetes mellitus. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2018; 14:140-162. [PMID: 29348476 DOI: 10.1038/nrendo.2017.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 527] [Impact Index Per Article: 87.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
More than one-third of the worldwide population is overweight or obese and therefore at risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus. In order to mitigate this pandemic, safer and more potent therapeutics are urgently required. This necessitates the continued use of animal models to discover, validate and optimize novel therapeutics for their safe use in humans. In order to improve the transition from bench to bedside, researchers must not only carefully select the appropriate model but also draw the right conclusions. In this Review, we consolidate the key information on the currently available animal models of obesity and diabetes and highlight the advantages, limitations and important caveats of each of these models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Kleinert
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Technische Universität München, D-80333 Munich, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christoffer Clemmensen
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Technische Universität München, D-80333 Munich, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Susanna M Hofmann
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Ziemssenstr. 1, D-80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Mary C Moore
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37212, USA
| | - Simone Renner
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilan University München, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 25, D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Stephen C Woods
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Metabolic Diseases Institute, 2170 East Galbraith Road, Cincinnati, Ohio 45237, USA
| | - Peter Huypens
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Beckers
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Technische Universität München, Chair of Experimental Genetics, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Martin Hrabe de Angelis
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Technische Universität München, Chair of Experimental Genetics, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Annette Schürmann
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE), Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, D-14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Mostafa Bakhti
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Klingenspor
- Chair of Molecular Nutritional Medicine, Technische Universität München, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Gregor-Mendel-Str. 2, D-85354 Freising, Germany
- Else Kröner-Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technische Universität München, D-85354 Freising, Germany
- Institute for Food & Health, Technische Universität München, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Mark Heiman
- MicroBiome Therapeutics, 1316 Jefferson Ave, New Orleans, Louisiana 70115, USA
| | - Alan D Cherrington
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37212, USA
| | - Michael Ristow
- Energy Metabolism Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, CH-8603 Zurich-Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Heiko Lickert
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Eckhard Wolf
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilan University München, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 25, D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Peter J Havel
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Department of Nutrition, 3135 Meyer Hall, University of California, Davis, California 95616-5270, USA
| | - Timo D Müller
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Technische Universität München, D-80333 Munich, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Matthias H Tschöp
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Technische Universität München, D-80333 Munich, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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Saeed S, Arslan M, Froguel P. Genetics of Obesity in Consanguineous Populations: Toward Precision Medicine and the Discovery of Novel Obesity Genes. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2018; 26:474-484. [PMID: 29464904 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Consanguinity has been instrumental in the elucidation of many Mendelian genetic diseases. Here, the unique advantage of consanguineous populations was considered in the quest for genes causing obesity. METHODS PubMed was searched for articles relevant to consanguinity and obesity published between 1995 and 2016. Some earlier articles of interest were also consulted. RESULTS Although obesity is the most heritable disorder, even in outbred populations, only 2% to 5% of severe obesity cases have so far been proven to be caused by single gene mutations. In some highly consanguineous populations, a remarkably higher proportion of obesity cases because of known and novel monogenic variants has been identified (up to 30%). CONCLUSIONS Combining the power conferred by consanguinity with current large-capacity sequencing techniques should bring new genetic factors and molecular mechanisms to the fore, unveiling a large part of the yet-elusive neurohumoral circuitry involved in the regulation of energy homeostasis and appetite. Importantly, the undertaking of such initiatives is destined to unfold novel targets for the development of precision medicine relevant to different forms of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Saeed
- Department of Genomics of Common Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
- CNRS, Pasteur Institute of Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Muhammad Arslan
- Centre for Research in Molecular Medicine, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Forman Christian College, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Philippe Froguel
- Department of Genomics of Common Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
- CNRS, Pasteur Institute of Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
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Foucan L, Larifla L, Durand E, Rambhojan C, Armand C, Michel CT, Billy R, Dhennin V, De Graeve F, Rabearivelo I, Sand O, Lacorte JM, Froguel P, Bonnefond A. High Prevalence of Rare Monogenic Forms of Obesity in Obese Guadeloupean Afro-Caribbean Children. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2018; 103:539-545. [PMID: 29216354 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2017-01956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The population of Guadeloupe Island exhibits a high prevalence of obesity. OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate whether rare genetic mutations in genes involved in monogenic obesity (or diabetes) might be causal in this population of Afro-Caribbean ancestry. DESIGN AND SETTING This was a secondary analysis of a study on obesity conducted in schoolchildren from Guadeloupe in 2013 that aimed to assess changes in children's profiles after a lifestyle intervention program. Through next-generation sequencing, we sequenced coding regions of 59 genes involved in monogenic obesity or diabetes in participants from this study. PARTICIPANTS AND INTERVENTIONS A total of 25 obese schoolchildren from Guadeloupe were screened for rare mutations (nonsynonymous, splice-site, or insertion/deletion) in 59 genes. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Correlation between phenotypes and mutations of interest. RESULTS We detected five rare heterozygous mutations in five different children with obesity: MC4R p.Ile301Thr and SIM1 p.Val326Thrfs*43 mutations that were pathogenic; SIM1 p.Ser343Pro and SH2B1 p.Pro90His mutations that were likely pathogenic; and NTRK2 p.Leu140Phe that was of uncertain significance. In parallel, we identified seven carriers of mutations in ABCC8 (p.Lys1521Asn and p.Ala625Val) or KCNJ11 (p.Val13Met and p.Val151Met) that were of uncertain significance. CONCLUSIONS We were able to detect pathogenic or likely pathogenic mutations linked to severe obesity in >15% of this population, which is much higher than what we observed in Europeans (∼5%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Foucan
- Research Team on Cardiometabolic Risk, University of Antilles, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, France
- Department of Public Health, University Hospital, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, France
| | - Laurent Larifla
- Research Team on Cardiometabolic Risk, University of Antilles, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, France
- Cardiology Unit, University Hospital, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, France
| | - Emmanuelle Durand
- CNRS, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Christine Rambhojan
- Research Team on Cardiometabolic Risk, University of Antilles, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, France
| | - Christophe Armand
- Research Team on Cardiometabolic Risk, University of Antilles, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, France
- Department of Public Health, University Hospital, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, France
| | - Carl-Thony Michel
- Cardiology Unit, University Hospital, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, France
| | - Rachel Billy
- Cardiology Unit, University Hospital, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, France
| | - Véronique Dhennin
- CNRS, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Franck De Graeve
- CNRS, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Iandry Rabearivelo
- CNRS, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Olivier Sand
- CNRS, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Jean-Marc Lacorte
- Department of Endocrine and Oncological Biochemistry, University Hospitals of Pitié-Salpétrière‒Charles Foix, Paris, France
- Inserm, Research Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Metabolism and Nutrition, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Froguel
- CNRS, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
- Department of Genomics of Common Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Amélie Bonnefond
- CNRS, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
- Department of Genomics of Common Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Wang T, Heianza Y, Sun D, Huang T, Ma W, Rimm EB, Manson JE, Hu FB, Willett WC, Qi L. Improving adherence to healthy dietary patterns, genetic risk, and long term weight gain: gene-diet interaction analysis in two prospective cohort studies. BMJ 2018; 360:j5644. [PMID: 29321156 PMCID: PMC5759092 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.j5644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether improving adherence to healthy dietary patterns interacts with the genetic predisposition to obesity in relation to long term changes in body mass index and body weight. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING Health professionals in the United States. PARTICIPANTS 8828 women from the Nurses' Health Study and 5218 men from the Health Professionals Follow-up Study. EXPOSURE Genetic predisposition score was calculated on the basis of 77 variants associated with body mass index. Dietary patterns were assessed by the Alternate Healthy Eating Index 2010 (AHEI-2010), Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension (DASH), and Alternate Mediterranean Diet (AMED). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Five repeated measurements of four year changes in body mass index and body weight over follow-up (1986 to 2006). RESULTS During a 20 year follow-up, genetic association with change in body mass index was significantly attenuated with increasing adherence to the AHEI-2010 in the Nurses' Health Study (P=0.001 for interaction) and Health Professionals Follow-up Study (P=0.005 for interaction). In the combined cohorts, four year changes in body mass index per 10 risk allele increment were 0.07 (SE 0.02) among participants with decreased AHEI-2010 score and -0.01 (0.02) among those with increased AHEI-2010 score, corresponding to 0.16 (0.05) kg versus -0.02 (0.05) kg weight change every four years (P<0.001 for interaction). Viewed differently, changes in body mass index per 1 SD increment of AHEI-2010 score were -0.12 (0.01), -0.14 (0.01), and -0.18 (0.01) (weight change: -0.35 (0.03), -0.36 (0.04), and -0.50 (0.04) kg) among participants with low, intermediate, and high genetic risk, respectively. Similar interaction was also found for DASH but not for AMED. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that improving adherence to healthy dietary patterns could attenuate the genetic association with weight gain. Moreover, the beneficial effect of improved diet quality on weight management was particularly pronounced in people at high genetic risk for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiange Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yoriko Heianza
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Dianjianyi Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjie Ma
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eric B Rimm
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - JoAnn E Manson
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Frank B Hu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Walter C Willett
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lu Qi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Loss-of-function mutations in ADCY3 cause monogenic severe obesity. Nat Genet 2018; 50:175-179. [DOI: 10.1038/s41588-017-0023-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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The impact of probiotic supplementation during pregnancy on DNA methylation of obesity-related genes in mothers and their children. Eur J Nutr 2018; 58:367-377. [PMID: 29299736 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-017-1601-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Dietary supplementation with probiotics during pregnancy has been suggested to decrease the risk for obesity in women after delivery and to minimize excessive weight gain in their children. Epigenetic DNA methylation has been proposed to impact on gene activity, thereby providing a plausible molecular mechanism for a broad range of biological processes and diseases. This pilot study aimed to evaluate whether probiotic supplementation during pregnancy could modify the DNA methylation status of the promoters of obesity and weight gain-related genes in mothers and their children. METHODS A sample of 15 pregnant women was taken from a prospective, randomized mother and infant nutrition and probiotic study. Seven women received the probiotic supplementation and eight served as controls. The women's and their children's DNA methylation status of obesity (623 genes) and weight gain-related (433) gene promoters were analyzed from blood samples at the mean of 9.8 months (range 6.1-12.7 months) postpartum. RESULTS Probiotic supplementation led to significantly decreased levels of DNA methylation in 37 gene promoters and increased levels of DNA methylation in one gene promoter in women. In their children, 68 gene promoters were significantly affected consistently with a lower level of DNA methylation in the probiotic group. CONCLUSIONS On the basis of our pilot study, we suggest that probiotic supplementation during pregnancy may affect the DNA methylation status of certain promoters of obesity and weight gain-related genes both in mothers and their children, thereby providing a potential mechanism for long-lasting health effects.
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85
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Hall R, Gardner K, Rees DC, Chakravorty S. High body mass index in children with sickle cell disease: a retrospective single-centre audit. BMJ Paediatr Open 2018; 2:e000302. [PMID: 30397666 PMCID: PMC6202990 DOI: 10.1136/bmjpo-2018-000302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the prevalence of high body mass index (BMI) in children with sickle cell disease and assess correlation between BMI and disease severity. DESIGN Retrospective chart review followed by statistical analysis. SETTING A single tertiary paediatric clinic in inner city London. PATIENTS All patients with sickle cell disease, including homozygous haemoglobin (HbSS) and compound heterozygous Hb (HbSC), age 2-18 years receiving clinical care at the centre, were included in the study. INTERVENTIONS Height and weight measurements, steady-state laboratory blood tests, hospital admission rates, adjunct therapy such as hydroxycarbamide or blood transfusions and obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) data were obtained from the hospital electronic patient records. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES To study the prevalence of high BMI and to identify any correlation between BMI and disease severity. RESULTS 385 patients were included. 64 children (17%) were overweight or obese, of which a significantly higher number of children with HbSC were obese or overweight (23 out of 91, 25%) compared with those with HbSS (36 out of 273, 13%), p≤0.001. No correlation was found between high BMI and presence of OSA, and markers of disease severity such as admission rates, fetal haemoglobin or lactate dehydrogenase levels. CONCLUSIONS High BMI did not correlate with disease severity in this cohort of patients with sickle cell disease. Obesity was more prevalent in females and those with HbSC. Further prospective studies are needed to determine long-term effects of BMI in disease severity and outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael Hall
- Department of Haematology, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Kate Gardner
- Department of Haematological Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - David C Rees
- Department of Haematological Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.,Department of Paediatric Haematology, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Subarna Chakravorty
- Department of Haematological Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.,Department of Paediatric Haematology, King's College Hospital, London, UK
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86
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Lin C, Fesi BD, Marquis M, Bosak NP, Lysenko A, Koshnevisan MA, Duke FF, Theodorides ML, Nelson TM, McDaniel AH, Avigdor M, Arayata CJ, Shaw L, Bachmanov AA, Reed DR. Adiposity QTL Adip20 decomposes into at least four loci when dissected using congenic strains. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188972. [PMID: 29194435 PMCID: PMC5711020 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
An average mouse in midlife weighs between 25 and 30 g, with about a gram of tissue in the largest adipose depot (gonadal), and the weight of this depot differs between inbred strains. Specifically, C57BL/6ByJ mice have heavier gonadal depots on average than do 129P3/J mice. To understand the genetic contributions to this trait, we mapped several quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for gonadal depot weight in an F2 intercross population. Our goal here was to fine-map one of these QTLs, Adip20 (formerly Adip5), on mouse chromosome 9. To that end, we analyzed the weight of the gonadal adipose depot from newly created congenic strains. Results from the sequential comparison method indicated at least four rather than one QTL; two of the QTLs were less than 0.5 Mb apart, with opposing directions of allelic effect. Different types of evidence (missense and regulatory genetic variation, human adiposity/body mass index orthologues, and differential gene expression) implicated numerous candidate genes from the four QTL regions. These results highlight the value of mouse congenic strains and the value of this sequential method to dissect challenging genetic architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cailu Lin
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Brad D. Fesi
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Michael Marquis
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Natalia P. Bosak
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Anna Lysenko
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | | | - Fujiko F. Duke
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Maria L. Theodorides
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Theodore M. Nelson
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Amanda H. McDaniel
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Mauricio Avigdor
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Charles J. Arayata
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Lauren Shaw
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | | | - Danielle R. Reed
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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87
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Litwak SA, Pang L, Galic S, Igoillo-Esteve M, Stanley WJ, Turatsinze JV, Loh K, Thomas HE, Sharma A, Trepo E, Moreno C, Gough DJ, Eizirik DL, de Haan JB, Gurzov EN. JNK Activation of BIM Promotes Hepatic Oxidative Stress, Steatosis, and Insulin Resistance in Obesity. Diabetes 2017; 66:2973-2986. [PMID: 28928277 DOI: 10.2337/db17-0348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The members of the BCL-2 family are crucial regulators of the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis in normal physiology and disease. Besides their role in cell death, BCL-2 proteins have been implicated in the regulation of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and cellular metabolism. It remains unclear, however, whether these proteins have a physiological role in glucose homeostasis and metabolism in vivo. In this study, we report that fat accumulation in the liver increases c-Jun N-terminal kinase-dependent BCL-2 interacting mediator of cell death (BIM) expression in hepatocytes. To determine the consequences of hepatic BIM deficiency in diet-induced obesity, we generated liver-specific BIM-knockout (BLKO) mice. BLKO mice had lower hepatic lipid content, increased insulin signaling, and improved global glucose metabolism. Consistent with these findings, lipogenic and lipid uptake genes were downregulated and lipid oxidation enhanced in obese BLKO mice. Mechanistically, BIM deficiency improved mitochondrial function and decreased oxidative stress and oxidation of protein tyrosine phosphatases, and ameliorated activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ/sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1/CD36 in hepatocytes from high fat-fed mice. Importantly, short-term knockdown of BIM rescued obese mice from insulin resistance, evidenced by reduced fat accumulation and improved insulin sensitivity. Our data indicate that BIM is an important regulator of liver dysfunction in obesity and a novel therapeutic target for restoring hepatocyte function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara A Litwak
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lokman Pang
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sandra Galic
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - William J Stanley
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Kim Loh
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Helen E Thomas
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Arpeeta Sharma
- Oxidative Stress Laboratory, Basic Science Division, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Eric Trepo
- Clinique Universitaire de Bruxelles, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratory of Experimental Gastroenterology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christophe Moreno
- Clinique Universitaire de Bruxelles, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratory of Experimental Gastroenterology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Daniel J Gough
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Decio L Eizirik
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Judy B de Haan
- Oxidative Stress Laboratory, Basic Science Division, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Esteban N Gurzov
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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88
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da Fonseca ACP, Mastronardi C, Johar A, Arcos-Burgos M, Paz-Filho G. Genetics of non-syndromic childhood obesity and the use of high-throughput DNA sequencing technologies. J Diabetes Complications 2017; 31:1549-1561. [PMID: 28735903 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2017.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood obesity is a serious public health problem associated with the development of several chronic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. The elevated prevalence of obesity is mostly due to inadequate diet and lifestyle, but it is also influenced by genetic factors. OBJECTIVES To review recent advances in the field of the genetics of obesity. We summarize the list of genes associated with the rare non-syndromic forms of obesity, and explain their function. Furthermore, we discuss the technologies that are available for the genetic diagnosis of obesity. RESULTS Several studies reported that single gene variants cause Mendelian forms of obesity, determined by mutations of major effect in single genes. Rare, non-syndromic forms of obesity are a result of loss-of-function mutations in genes that act on the development and function of the hypothalamus or the leptin-melanocortin pathway. These variants disrupt enzymes and receptors that play a role in energy homeostasis, resulting in severe early-onset obesity and endocrine dysfunctions. Different approaches and technologies have been used to understand the genetic background of obesity. Currently, whole genome and whole exome sequencing are important diagnostic tools to identify new genes and variants associated with severe obesity, but other approaches are also useful at individual or population levels, such as linkage analysis, candidate gene sequencing, chromosomal microarray analysis, and genome-wide association studies. CONCLUSIONS The understanding of the genetic causes of obesity and the usefulness and limitations of the genetic diagnostic approaches can contribute to the development of new personalized therapeutic targets against obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claudio Mastronardi
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Angad Johar
- Department of Genome Sciences, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Australia.
| | | | - Gilberto Paz-Filho
- Department of Genome Sciences, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Australia.
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89
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Adiponectin, Retinoic Acid Receptor Responder 2, and Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor- γ Coativator-1 Genes and the Risk for Obesity. DISEASE MARKERS 2017; 2017:5289120. [PMID: 28947843 PMCID: PMC5602612 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5289120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is the most common nutritional disorder. This disease is a multifactorial disease influenced by environmental and genetic factors. This study investigated the relationship between common variants of adiponectin (ADIPOQ), retinoic acid receptor responder 2 (RARRES2), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coativator-1 (PPARGC1) and obesity-related traits and susceptibility. A total of 167 individuals with obesity and 165 normal-weight subjects were recruited. Genotype frequencies of rs182052 in ADIPOQ differed significantly between the groups. Genotype AA was observed at a higher frequency in case than in control subjects. Association analysis showed that the A allele was a risk factor for obesity. This polymorphism was associated with body weight, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference. After stratification by BMI, eutrophic individuals with AA or AG genotypes had higher body weights and waist circumferences than those with GG genotypes. In the case group, no associations were observed, except for stratified subjects with morbid obesity that exhibited a progressive increase of body weight, BMI, and waist circumference when rs182052 A was present. No associations were observed between SNPs in RARRES2 and PPARGC1 and obesity or any other studied variables. The rs182052 polymorphism in ADIPOQ is associated with a higher risk for obesity and obesity-related parameters.
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90
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Pettersson M, Viljakainen H, Loid P, Mustila T, Pekkinen M, Armenio M, Andersson-Assarsson JC, Mäkitie O, Lindstrand A. Copy Number Variants Are Enriched in Individuals With Early-Onset Obesity and Highlight Novel Pathogenic Pathways. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2017; 102:3029-3039. [PMID: 28605459 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2017-00565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Only a few genetic causes for childhood obesity have been identified to date. Copy number variants (CNVs) are known to contribute to obesity, both syndromic (15q11.2 deletions, Prader-Willi syndrome) and nonsyndromic (16p11.2 deletions) obesity. OBJECTIVE To study the contribution of CNVs to early-onset obesity and evaluate the expression of candidate genes in subcutaneous adipose tissue. DESIGN AND SETTING A case-control study in a tertiary academic center. PARTICIPANTS CNV analysis was performed on 90 subjects with early-onset obesity and 67 normal-weight controls. Subcutaneous adipose tissue from body mass index-discordant siblings was used for the gene expression analyses. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES We used custom high-density array comparative genomic hybridization with exon resolution in 1989 genes, including all known obesity loci. The expression of candidate genes was assessed using microarray analysis of messenger RNA from subcutaneous adipose tissue. RESULTS We identified rare CNVs in 17 subjects (19%) with obesity and 2 controls (3%). In three cases (3%), the identified variant involved a known syndromic lesion (22q11.21 duplication, 1q21.1 deletion, and 16p11.2 deletion, respectively), although the others were not known. Seven CNVs in 10 families were inherited and segregated with obesity. Expression analysis of 37 candidate genes showed discordant expression for 10 genes (PCM1, EFEMP1, MAMLD1, ACP6, BAZ2B, SORBS1, KLF15, MACROD2, ATR, and MBD5). CONCLUSIONS Rare CNVs contribute possibly pathogenic alleles to a substantial fraction of children with early-onset obesity. The involved genes might provide insights into pathogenic mechanisms and involved cellular pathways. These findings highlight the importance of CNV screening in children with early-onset obesity.
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MESH Headings
- Abnormalities, Multiple/genetics
- Acid Phosphatase/genetics
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins/genetics
- Autistic Disorder/genetics
- Autoantigens/genetics
- Case-Control Studies
- Cell Cycle Proteins/genetics
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Chromosome Deletion
- Chromosome Disorders/genetics
- Chromosome Duplication/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 16/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22/genetics
- Comparative Genomic Hybridization
- DNA Copy Number Variations
- DNA Repair Enzymes/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- DiGeorge Syndrome/genetics
- Extracellular Matrix Proteins/genetics
- Female
- Humans
- Hydrolases/genetics
- Intellectual Disability/genetics
- Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors/genetics
- Male
- Megalencephaly/genetics
- Microfilament Proteins/genetics
- Nuclear Proteins/genetics
- Pediatric Obesity/genetics
- Proteins/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Siblings
- Subcutaneous Fat/metabolism
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcription Factors, General
- Transcriptome
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pettersson
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Heli Viljakainen
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki FI-00029, Finland
| | - Petra Loid
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki FI-00029, Finland
| | - Taina Mustila
- Department of Pediatrics, Seinäjoki Central Hospital, Seinäjoki FI-60100, Finland
| | - Minna Pekkinen
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki FI-00290, Finland
| | - Miriam Armenio
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Johanna C Andersson-Assarsson
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 413 90, Sweden
| | - Outi Mäkitie
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki FI-00029, Finland
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki FI-00290, Finland
| | - Anna Lindstrand
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
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91
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Hendricks AE, Bochukova EG, Marenne G, Keogh JM, Atanassova N, Bounds R, Wheeler E, Mistry V, Henning E, Körner A, Muddyman D, McCarthy S, Hinney A, Hebebrand J, Scott RA, Langenberg C, Wareham NJ, Surendran P, Howson JM, Butterworth AS, Danesh J, Nordestgaard BG, Nielsen SF, Afzal S, Papadia S, Ashford S, Garg S, Millhauser GL, Palomino RI, Kwasniewska A, Tachmazidou I, O'Rahilly S, Zeggini E, Barroso I, Farooqi IS. Rare Variant Analysis of Human and Rodent Obesity Genes in Individuals with Severe Childhood Obesity. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4394. [PMID: 28663568 PMCID: PMC5491520 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03054-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a genetically heterogeneous disorder. Using targeted and whole-exome sequencing, we studied 32 human and 87 rodent obesity genes in 2,548 severely obese children and 1,117 controls. We identified 52 variants contributing to obesity in 2% of cases including multiple novel variants in GNAS, which were sometimes found with accelerated growth rather than short stature as described previously. Nominally significant associations were found for rare functional variants in BBS1, BBS9, GNAS, MKKS, CLOCK and ANGPTL6. The p.S284X variant in ANGPTL6 drives the association signal (rs201622589, MAF~0.1%, odds ratio = 10.13, p-value = 0.042) and results in complete loss of secretion in cells. Further analysis including additional case-control studies and population controls (N = 260,642) did not support association of this variant with obesity (odds ratio = 2.34, p-value = 2.59 × 10-3), highlighting the challenges of testing rare variant associations and the need for very large sample sizes. Further validation in cohorts with severe obesity and engineering the variants in model organisms will be needed to explore whether human variants in ANGPTL6 and other genes that lead to obesity when deleted in mice, do contribute to obesity. Such studies may yield druggable targets for weight loss therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey E Hendricks
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, University of Colorado-Denver, Denver, CO, 80204, USA
| | - Elena G Bochukova
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
- The Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | | | - Julia M Keogh
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Neli Atanassova
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rebecca Bounds
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Vanisha Mistry
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Elana Henning
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Antje Körner
- Center for Pediatric Research, University Children's Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- IFB Adiposity Diseases Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | | | - Anke Hinney
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, University Hospital Essen and University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Johannes Hebebrand
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, University Hospital Essen and University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Robert A Scott
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Claudia Langenberg
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nick J Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Praveen Surendran
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Joanna M Howson
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Adam S Butterworth
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- The National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Unit (NIHR BTRU) in Donor Health and Genomics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - John Danesh
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- The National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Unit (NIHR BTRU) in Donor Health and Genomics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Børge G Nordestgaard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and The Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sune F Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and The Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Shoaib Afzal
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and The Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sofia Papadia
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sofie Ashford
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sumedha Garg
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Glenn L Millhauser
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Rafael I Palomino
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Alexandra Kwasniewska
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Stephen O'Rahilly
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Inês Barroso
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK.
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK.
| | - I Sadaf Farooqi
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK.
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92
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Kristensson FM, Andersson-Assarsson JC, Kanerva N, Peltonen M, Carlsson B, Carlsson LMS. Long-term effects of bariatric surgery in patients with obesity and chromosome 16 p11.2 microdeletion. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2017; 13:1321-1325. [PMID: 28600117 DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2017.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chromosome 16 p11.2 microdeletion is associated with early-onset obesity. Information is limited about the effect of bariatric surgery in patients with genetic obesity. OBJECTIVE To examine the effects of bariatric surgery in obese patients with chromosome 16 p11.2 microdeletion. SETTING Academic research institution. METHODS The Swedish Obese Subjects study is a prospective study with 2010 participants receiving bariatric surgery. DNA was available for 1843 participants. Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification was used to identify 16 p11.2 microdeletion carriers. Follow-up time was 10 years. In carriers and noncarriers, follow-up rate was 86% and 82%, respectively, at 10 years. RESULTS Nine carriers of the chromosome 16 p11.2 microdeletion (9/1843, .49%) were found. At baseline, most risk factors were similar; however, carriers had higher body mass index (BMI), insulin levels, and systolic blood pressure compared to noncarriers. At the 1-year examination, the percent excess BMI lost (%EBMIL) in carriers and noncarriers was 71.9 and 62.2, respectively; P = .031 (37.9 and 30.6 kg). This was followed by partial weight regain in both groups, and after 10 years %EBMIL was 25.5 and 41.5 (15.7 and 21.3 kg), respectively (P = .377). Changes in risk factors were similar in the carriers and noncarriers. Two carriers who had type 2 diabetes at baseline were both in remission at 2-year follow-up but relapsed at 10-year follow-up. Perceived health status was similar in carriers and noncarriers during follow-up (overall P = .198). CONCLUSIONS Despite a small sample size, our results indicate that bariatric surgery is a treatment option for obese patients with chromosome 16 p11.2 microdeletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe M Kristensson
- Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Noora Kanerva
- Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markku Peltonen
- Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Björn Carlsson
- Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Lena M S Carlsson
- Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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93
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Recent progress in genetics, epigenetics and metagenomics unveils the pathophysiology of human obesity. Clin Sci (Lond) 2017; 130:943-86. [PMID: 27154742 DOI: 10.1042/cs20160136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In high-, middle- and low-income countries, the rising prevalence of obesity is the underlying cause of numerous health complications and increased mortality. Being a complex and heritable disorder, obesity results from the interplay between genetic susceptibility, epigenetics, metagenomics and the environment. Attempts at understanding the genetic basis of obesity have identified numerous genes associated with syndromic monogenic, non-syndromic monogenic, oligogenic and polygenic obesity. The genetics of leanness are also considered relevant as it mirrors some of obesity's aetiologies. In this report, we summarize ten genetically elucidated obesity syndromes, some of which are involved in ciliary functioning. We comprehensively review 11 monogenic obesity genes identified to date and their role in energy maintenance as part of the leptin-melanocortin pathway. With the emergence of genome-wide association studies over the last decade, 227 genetic variants involved in different biological pathways (central nervous system, food sensing and digestion, adipocyte differentiation, insulin signalling, lipid metabolism, muscle and liver biology, gut microbiota) have been associated with polygenic obesity. Advances in obligatory and facilitated epigenetic variation, and gene-environment interaction studies have partly accounted for the missing heritability of obesity and provided additional insight into its aetiology. The role of gut microbiota in obesity pathophysiology, as well as the 12 genes associated with lipodystrophies is discussed. Furthermore, in an attempt to improve future studies and merge the gap between research and clinical practice, we provide suggestions on how high-throughput '-omic' data can be integrated in order to get closer to the new age of personalized medicine.
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94
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Martel J, Ojcius DM, Chang CJ, Lin CS, Lu CC, Ko YF, Tseng SF, Lai HC, Young JD. Anti-obesogenic and antidiabetic effects of plants and mushrooms. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2017; 13:149-160. [PMID: 27636731 DOI: 10.1038/nrendo.2016.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is reaching global epidemic proportions as a result of factors such as high-calorie diets and lack of physical exercise. Obesity is now considered to be a medical condition, which not only contributes to the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease and cancer, but also negatively affects longevity and quality of life. To combat this epidemic, anti-obesogenic approaches are required that are safe, widely available and inexpensive. Several plants and mushrooms that are consumed in traditional Chinese medicine or as nutraceuticals contain antioxidants, fibre and other phytochemicals, and have anti-obesogenic and antidiabetic effects through the modulation of diverse cellular and physiological pathways. These effects include appetite reduction, modulation of lipid absorption and metabolism, enhancement of insulin sensitivity, thermogenesis and changes in the gut microbiota. In this Review, we describe the molecular mechanisms that underlie the anti-obesogenic and antidiabetic effects of these plants and mushrooms, and propose that combining these food items with existing anti-obesogenic approaches might help to reduce obesity and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Martel
- Center for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hua First Road, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Chang Gung Immunology Consortium, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 5 Fu-Hsing Street, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - David M Ojcius
- Center for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hua First Road, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Chang Gung Immunology Consortium, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 5 Fu-Hsing Street, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of the Pacific, Arthur Dugoni School of Dentistry, 155 Fifth Street, San Francisco, California 94103, USA
| | - Chih-Jung Chang
- Center for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hua First Road, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Chang Gung Immunology Consortium, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 5 Fu-Hsing Street, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hua First Road, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hua First Road, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Research Center of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hua First Road, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chuan-Sheng Lin
- Center for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hua First Road, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Chang Gung Immunology Consortium, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 5 Fu-Hsing Street, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hua First Road, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hua First Road, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Research Center of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hua First Road, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chia-Chen Lu
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, Fu Jen Catholic University, 510 Zhong-Zheng Street, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yun-Fei Ko
- Chang Gung Immunology Consortium, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 5 Fu-Hsing Street, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Chang Gung Biotechnology Corporation, 201 Tung-Hua North Road, Taipei 10508, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Biochemical Engineering Research Center, Ming Chi University of Technology, 84 Gungjuan Road, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shun-Fu Tseng
- Chang Gung Immunology Consortium, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 5 Fu-Hsing Street, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Research Center of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hua First Road, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hsin-Chih Lai
- Center for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hua First Road, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Chang Gung Immunology Consortium, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 5 Fu-Hsing Street, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hua First Road, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hua First Road, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Research Center of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hua First Road, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 5 Fu-Hsing Street, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, 261 Wen-Hua First Road, Taoyuan 33303, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Graduate Institute of Health Industry and Technology, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, 261 Wen-Hua First Road, Taoyuan 33303, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - John D Young
- Center for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hua First Road, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Chang Gung Immunology Consortium, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 5 Fu-Hsing Street, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Chang Gung Biotechnology Corporation, 201 Tung-Hua North Road, Taipei 10508, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Biochemical Engineering Research Center, Ming Chi University of Technology, 84 Gungjuan Road, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Laboratory of Cellular Physiology and Immunology, Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, New York 10021, USA
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95
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Petersen JD, Kyvik KO, Heitmann BL, Vámosi ME. The association between parental separation during childhood and obesity in adulthood: a Danish twin study. Obes Sci Pract 2017; 2:436-443. [PMID: 28090349 PMCID: PMC5192531 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The purpose of this study was to examine if parental separation during childhood is associated with obesity in adulthood. Methods A co‐twin case–control study of 146 adult same‐sexed twin pairs with discordant body mass index (BMI) (i.e. one of the twins should have a BMI of 20–25 kg/m2, and the co‐twin's BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) was selected from Danish Twin Registry (DTR). In total of 236 eligible twin individuals participated in the study. Childhood parental separation (defined as separation from one of the biological parents, regardless of the reason for separation) for at least one year prior to age 17 was self‐reported. The statistical analysis includes logistic and linear regression models using STATA 13.0. Results There were no differences in the odds of developing obesity in adulthood between the twin who stayed with a father and the co‐twin who was separated from him for at least 1 year prior to age 17 [OR = 1.22, 95%CI (0.46–3.34), p = 0.65]. Separation from a mother also showed no differences in the odds for developing obesity [OR = 0.90, 95%CI (0.32–2.46), p = 0.82]. Conclusions Because of the limited number of discordant twin pairs for childhood parental separation, we cannot provide evidence to suggest that separation from parents in childhood was associated with developing obesity in adulthood. Further studies of pooling discordant twins from several countries should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. D. Petersen
- Research Unit for General Practice, Department of Public HealthUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdense CDenmark
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies at the Parker InstituteBispebjerg and Frederiksberg HospitalCopenhagenDenmark
| | - K. O. Kyvik
- Department of Clinical ResearchUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
- Odense Patient Data Explorative NetworkOdense University HospitalOdenseDenmark
- The Danish Twin Registry, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, Institute of Public HealthUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
| | - B. L. Heitmann
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies at the Parker InstituteBispebjerg and Frederiksberg HospitalCopenhagenDenmark
- The Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition Exercise and Eating DisordersUniversity of SydneyAustralia
- The National Institute of Public HealthUniversity of Southern DenmarkDenmark
- Department of Public Health, Section for General PracticeUniversity of CopenhagenDenmark
| | - M. E. Vámosi
- Institute of Public Health, Department of Nursing ScienceUniversity of AarhusDenmark
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Saucedo R, Valencia J, Gutierrez C, Basurto L, Hernandez M, Puello E, Rico G, Vega G, Zarate A. Gene variants in the FTO gene are associated with adiponectin and TNF-alpha levels in gestational diabetes mellitus. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2017; 9:32. [PMID: 28507607 PMCID: PMC5427601 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-017-0234-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity may have a role in the development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Single-nucleotide-polymorphisms (SNPs) of the FTO (fat mass and obesity associated) gene have been associated with obesity. The aim of this study was to investigate SNPs rs8050136, rs9939609, and rs1421085 of the FTO gene in women with GDM and their associations with maternal pre-pregnancy weight and body mass index, gestational weight gain and mediators of insulin resistance in GDM like leptin, adiponectin, ghrelin and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), compared with healthy pregnant controls. METHODS 80 women with GDM and 80 women with normal pregnancy were considered for the present study. Genotyping of selected SNPs in all study subjects was done using the Taq-Man assay and the adipokines and ghrelin were measured by immunoassays. Chi square test, odds ratios (OR) and their respective 95% confidence intervals were used to measure the strength of association between FTO SNPs and GDM. RESULTS There was no association among FTO SNPs and GDM. Interestingly, in GDM group, women carrying the risk alleles of the three SNPs had increased TNF-alpha, and decreased adiponectin levels; these associations remained significant after adjusting for pre-gestational body weight and age. Moreover, the risk allele of rs1421085 was also associated with increased weight gain during pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS The FTP SNPs rs8050136, rs9939609, and rs1421085 are not a major genetic regulator in the etiology of GDM in the studied ethnic group. However, these SNPs were associated with adiponectin and TNF-alpha concentrations in GDM subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Saucedo
- Endocrine Research Unit, National Medical Center, IMSS, Cuauhtemoc 330, 06720 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jorge Valencia
- Endocrine Research Unit, National Medical Center, IMSS, Cuauhtemoc 330, 06720 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Claudia Gutierrez
- Endocrine Research Unit, National Medical Center, IMSS, Cuauhtemoc 330, 06720 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Lourdes Basurto
- Endocrine Research Unit, National Medical Center, IMSS, Cuauhtemoc 330, 06720 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marcelino Hernandez
- Endocrine Research Unit, National Medical Center, IMSS, Cuauhtemoc 330, 06720 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Edgardo Puello
- Hospital of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical Center La Raza, IMSS, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Guadalupe Rico
- Unit of Experimental Medicine, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gloria Vega
- Unit of Experimental Medicine, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Arturo Zarate
- Endocrine Research Unit, National Medical Center, IMSS, Cuauhtemoc 330, 06720 Mexico City, Mexico
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Study of obesity associated proopiomelanocortin gene polymorphism: Relation to metabolic profile and eating habits in a sample of obese Egyptian children and adolescents. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmhg.2016.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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98
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Nicoletti CF, Pinhel MAS, de Oliveira BAP, Marchini JS, Salgado Junior W, Silva Junior WA, Nonino CB. The Genetic Predisposition Score of Seven Obesity-Related Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Is Associated with Better Metabolic Outcomes after Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass. JOURNAL OF NUTRIGENETICS AND NUTRIGENOMICS 2016; 9:222-230. [PMID: 27806373 DOI: 10.1159/000452129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Genetic variants associated with obesity have cumulative effects on obesity risk and related phenotypes. This study aimed to estimate the contribution of a genetic predisposition score (GPS) calculated from 7 obesity-related polymorphisms to the improvement of biochemical parameters 1 year after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). METHODS Obese patients (n = 150; aged 47.2 ± 10.5 years) were enrolled and weight, body mass index (BMI), and biochemical parameters (glycemia and lipid profile) were evaluated preoperatively and 1 year after RYGB. A GPS was calculated with the polymorphisms rs1801282 of PPARG2, rs4994 of ADRB3, rs1800592 of UCP1, rs659366 and rs669339 of UCP2, rs7121 of GNAS1, and rs5443 of GNB3. We observed that 66.3% of the patients has a GPS >5. RESULTS During the preoperative period, the GPS showed a significant association with weight (β = -0.163; p = 0.020), BMI (β = -0.169; p = 0.038), and glucose concentrations (β = -0.177; p = 0.036). After sex and age adjustment, a higher GPS was associated with a greater reduction in glycemia (β = -0.158; p = 0.048), triglycerides (β = -0.256; p = 0.002), and total cholesterol (β = -0.172; p = 0.038) concentrations 1 year after surgery. CONCLUSION Our data elucidated that a higher GPS provides a greater metabolic benefit of RYGB.
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99
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Villarroya F, Peyrou M, Giralt M. Transcriptional regulation of the uncoupling protein-1 gene. Biochimie 2016; 134:86-92. [PMID: 27693079 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2016.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Regulated transcription of the uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1) gene, and subsequent UCP1 protein synthesis, is a hallmark of the acquisition of the differentiated, thermogenically competent status of brown and beige/brite adipocytes, as well as of the responsiveness of brown and beige/brite adipocytes to adaptive regulation of thermogenic activity. The 5' non-coding region of the UCP1 gene contains regulatory elements that confer tissue specificity, differentiation dependence, and neuro-hormonal regulation to UCP1 gene transcription. Two main regions-a distal enhancer and a proximal promoter region-mediate transcriptional regulation through interactions with a plethora of transcription factors, including nuclear hormone receptors and cAMP-responsive transcription factors. Co-regulators, such as PGC-1α, play a pivotal role in the concerted regulation of UCP1 gene transcription. Multiple interactions of transcription factors and co-regulators at the promoter region of the UCP1 gene result in local chromatin remodeling, leading to activation and increased accessibility of RNA polymerase II and subsequent gene transcription. Moreover, a commonly occurring A-to-G polymorphism in close proximity to the UCP1 gene enhancer influences the extent of UCP1 gene transcription. Notably, it has been reported that specific aspects of obesity and associated metabolic diseases are associated with human population variability at this site. On another front, the unique properties of the UCP1 promoter region have been exploited to develop brown adipose tissue-specific gene delivery tools for experimental purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesc Villarroya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain; Institut de Recerca Pediàtrica Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Marion Peyrou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain; Institut de Recerca Pediàtrica Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marta Giralt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain; Institut de Recerca Pediàtrica Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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Cao Y, Zou S, Xu H, Li M, Tong Z, Xu M, Xu X. Hypoglycemic activity of the Baker's yeast β-glucan in obese/type 2 diabetic mice and the underlying mechanism. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 60:2678-2690. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Cao
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences; Wuhan University; Wuhan China
| | - Siwei Zou
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences; Wuhan University; Wuhan China
| | - Hui Xu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences; Wuhan University; Wuhan China
| | - Mengxia Li
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences; Wuhan University; Wuhan China
| | - Zan Tong
- Department of Physiology; Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences; Wuhan China
| | - Min Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, Department of Physics; East China Normal University; Shanghai China
| | - Xiaojuan Xu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences; Wuhan University; Wuhan China
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