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Pisu M, Liang MI, Pressman SD, Ryff CD, Patel MR, Hussein M, Williams CP, Henrikson NB, Schoenberger YM, Pracht LJ, Bradshaw E, Carpenter TT, Matthis A, Schwartz DL, Martin MY. Expanding research on the impact of financial hardship on emotional well-being: guidance of diverse stakeholders to the Emotional Well-Being and Economic Burden of Disease (EMOT-ECON) Research Network. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1196525. [PMID: 37575433 PMCID: PMC10416236 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1196525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The Emotional Well-Being and Economic Burden (EMOT-ECON) Research Network is one of six research networks funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) to advance research about emotional well-being (EWB), and the only one that focuses on addressing how economic burden due to disease or illness affects EWB. The network convened researchers, patients, patient advocates, health care providers and other stakeholders from across the US to discuss the significance of addressing the impact of the economic burden of disease on EWB, the complexity of this prevalent problem for patients and families, and the research gaps that still need to be studied to ultimately develop strategies to reduce the impact of economic burden of disease on EWB and health. Participants identified some important future areas of research as those investigating: (i) prevalent and relevant emotions for patients experiencing economic burden of disease and financial hardship, and how their broader outlook on life is impacted; (ii) constructs and contexts that influence whether the economic burden is stressful; (iii) strategies to deal and cope and their positive or negative effects on EWB and health; and (iv) multi-level and multi-stakeholder interventions to address economic factors (e.g., costs, ability to pay), administrative burdens, education and training, and especially patients' emotional as well as financial status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pisu
- Division of Preventive Medicine and O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Margaret I. Liang
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Sarah D. Pressman
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Carol D. Ryff
- Department of Psychology and Institute on Aging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Minal R. Patel
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Mustafa Hussein
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Graduate School of Public Health, The City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
| | - Courtney P. Williams
- Division of Preventive Medicine and O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Nora B. Henrikson
- Kaiser Permanente, Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Yu-Mei Schoenberger
- Division of Preventive Medicine and O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | | | - Erin Bradshaw
- Patient Advocate Foundation, Patient Insight Institute, Hampton, VA, United States
| | | | - Amy Matthis
- American Diabetes Association, Alexandria, VA, United States
| | - David L. Schwartz
- Departments of Radiation Oncology and Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Michelle Y. Martin
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Center for Innovation in Health Equity Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
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Yue H, Li Y, Ma J, Xie C, Xie F, Cai J, Fang M, Yao F. Effect of Tai Chi on knee pain and muscle strength in middle-aged and older adults with knee osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled trial protocol. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:256. [PMID: 37474949 PMCID: PMC10360298 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04070-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a common public health problem and a leading cause of long-term pain, decreased muscle strength, and even disability. Tai Chi has been proved effective and highly recommended for KOA management worldwide. However, little is known about its benefits on quadriceps strength which is closely associated with relieving knee pain. This trial is designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Tai Chi on knee pain and muscle strength in middle-aged and older adults with KOA. METHODS A total of 100 participants will be randomly divided into a Tai Chi group (TC group) (1x/week for 12 weeks) and a control group with a health education and stretching program (1x/week for 12 weeks) with a follow-up period of 6 weeks. The primary outcome is the change of Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC) pain subscale at week 12 compared with baseline. Secondary outcomes include WOMAC stiffness and function subscales, data from isokinetic dynamometry, gait analysis with electromyography (EMG), and a 36-item short form health survey (SF-36). The daily dose of pain-relieving medication will also be recorded. All adverse effects will be assessed by the Treatment Emergent Symptom Scale (TESS). DISCUSSION We expect this randomized trial to evaluate the effectiveness of Tai Chi on relieving pain and increasing quadriceps strength in KOA patients. This protocol, if proven effective, will contribute to providing a promising alternative intervention for middle-aged and older adults with KOA. TRIALS REGISTRATION NUMBER This trial has been registered in the China Clinical Trials Registry (registration number: ChiCTR2300069339).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Yue
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Li
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianwen Ma
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chaoqun Xie
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangfang Xie
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Junhao Cai
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Fang
- Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Fei Yao
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Jeste DV, Malaspina D, Bagot K, Barch DM, Cole S, Dickerson F, Dilmore A, Ford CL, Karcher NR, Luby J, Rajji T, Pinto-Tomas AA, Young LJ. Review of Major Social Determinants of Health in Schizophrenia-Spectrum Psychotic Disorders: III. Biology. Schizophr Bull 2023; 49:867-880. [PMID: 37023360 PMCID: PMC10318888 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbad031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social determinants of health (SDoHs) are nonmedical factors that significantly impact health and longevity. We found no published reviews on the biology of SDoHs in schizophrenia-spectrum psychotic disorders (SSPD). STUDY DESIGN We present an overview of pathophysiological mechanisms and neurobiological processes plausibly involved in the effects of major SDoHs on clinical outcomes in SSPD. STUDY RESULTS This review of the biology of SDoHs focuses on early-life adversities, poverty, social disconnection, discrimination including racism, migration, disadvantaged neighborhoods, and food insecurity. These factors interact with psychological and biological factors to increase the risk and worsen the course and prognosis of schizophrenia. Published studies on the topic are limited by cross-sectional design, variable clinical and biomarker assessments, heterogeneous methods, and a lack of control for confounding variables. Drawing on preclinical and clinical studies, we propose a biological framework to consider the likely pathogenesis. Putative systemic pathophysiological processes include epigenetics, allostatic load, accelerated aging with inflammation (inflammaging), and the microbiome. These processes affect neural structures, brain function, neurochemistry, and neuroplasticity, impacting the development of psychosis, quality of life, cognitive impairment, physical comorbidities, and premature mortality. Our model provides a framework for research that could lead to developing specific strategies for prevention and treatment of the risk factors and biological processes, thereby improving the quality of life and increasing the longevity of people with SSPD. CONCLUSIONS Biology of SDoHs in SSPD is an exciting area of research that points to innovative multidisciplinary team science for improving the course and prognosis of these serious psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilip V Jeste
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego (Retired), CA, USA
| | - Dolores Malaspina
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neuroscience and Genetics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kara Bagot
- Department of Psychiatry, Addiction Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Deanna M Barch
- Departments of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Psychiatry, and Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Steve Cole
- Departments of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, and Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Faith Dickerson
- Department of Psychology, Sheppard Pratt, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Amanda Dilmore
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Charles L Ford
- Center for Translational Social Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Nicole R Karcher
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Joan Luby
- Department of Psychiatry (Child), Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Tarek Rajji
- Adult Neurodevelopment and Geriatric Psychiatry Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Adrián A Pinto-Tomas
- Biochemistry Department, School of Medicine, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Larry J Young
- Center for Translational Social Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Alloy LB, Chat IKY, Grehl MM, Stephenson AR, Adogli ZV, Olino TM, Ellman LM, Miller GE, Nusslock R. Reward and Immune Systems in Emotion (RISE) prospective longitudinal study: Protocol overview of an integrative reward-inflammation model of first onset of major depression in adolescence. Brain Behav Immun Health 2023; 30:100643. [PMID: 37304334 PMCID: PMC10250584 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2023.100643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Depression is associated with a reduced sensitivity to rewards and low reward-related brain function in cortico-striatal circuitry. A separate literature documents elevated peripheral inflammation in depression. Recently, integrated reward-inflammation models of depression have been proposed. These models draw on work indicating that peripheral inflammatory proteins access the brain, where they lower reward responsiveness. This blunted reward responsiveness is proposed to initiate unhealthy behaviors (substance use, poor diet), as well as sleep disruption and stress generation, which further heighten inflammation. Over time, dysregulation in reward responsiveness and immune signaling may synergize in a positive feedback loop, whereby dysregulation in each system exacerbates dysregulation in the other. Project RISE (Reward and Immune Systems in Emotion) provides a first systematic test of reward-immune dysregulation as a synergistic and dynamic vulnerability for first onset of major depressive disorder and increases in depressive symptoms during adolescence. Methods This NIMH-funded R01 study is a 3-year prospective, longitudinal investigation of approximately 300 community adolescents from the broader Philadelphia area, United States of America. Eligible participants must be 13-16 years old, fluent in English, and without a prior major depressive disorder. They are being selected along the entire dimension of self-reported reward responsiveness, with oversampling at the low tail of the dimension in order to increase the likelihood of major depression onsets. At Time 1 (T1), T3, and T5, each a year apart, participants complete blood draws to quantify biomarkers of low-grade inflammation, self-report and behavioral measures of reward responsiveness, and fMRI scans of reward neural activity and functional connectivity. At T1-T5 (with T2 and T4 six months between the yearly sessions), participants also complete diagnostic interviews and measures of depressive symptoms, reward-relevant life events, and behaviors that increase inflammation. Adversity history is assessed at T1 only. Discussion This study is an innovative integration of research on multi-organ systems involved in reward and inflammatory signaling in understanding first onset of major depression in adolescence. It has the potential to facilitate novel neuroimmune and behavioral interventions to treat, and ideally prevent, depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren B. Alloy
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Temple University, USA
| | - Iris K.-Y. Chat
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Temple University, USA
| | - Mora M. Grehl
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Temple University, USA
| | | | - Zoe V. Adogli
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Temple University, USA
| | - Thomas M. Olino
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Temple University, USA
| | - Lauren M. Ellman
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Temple University, USA
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Dehdar K, Salimi M, Tabasi F, Dehghan S, Sumiyoshi A, Garousi M, Jamaati H, Javan M, Reza Raoufy M. Allergen induces depression-like behavior in association with altered prefrontal-hippocampal circuit in male rats. Neuroscience 2023:S0306-4522(23)00254-3. [PMID: 37286161 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Allergic asthma is a common chronic inflammatory condition associated with psychiatric comorbidities. Notably depression, correlated with adverse outcomes in asthmatic patients. Peripheral inflammation's role in depression has been shown previously. However, evidence regarding the effects of allergic asthma on the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC)-ventral hippocampus (vHipp) interactions, an important neurocircuitry in affective regulation, is yet to be demonstrated. Herein, we investigated the effects of allergen exposure in sensitized rats on the immunoreactivity of glial cells, depression-like behavior, brain regions volume, as well as activity and connectivity of the mPFC-vHipp circuit. We found that allergen-induced depressive-like behavior was associated with more activated microglia and astrocytes in mPFC and vHipp, as well as reduced hippocampus volume. Intriguingly, depressive-like behavior was negatively correlated with mPFC and hippocampus volumes in the allergen-exposed group. Moreover, mPFC and vHipp activity were altered in asthmatic animals. Allergen disrupted the strength and direction of functional connectivity in the mPFC-vHipp circuit so that, unlike normal conditions, mPFC causes and modulates vHipp activity. Our results provide new insight into the underlying mechanism of allergic inflammation-induced psychiatric disorders, aiming to develop new interventions and therapeutic approaches for improving asthma complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kolsoum Dehdar
- Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Salimi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farhad Tabasi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran; Institute for Brain Sciences and Cognition, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samaneh Dehghan
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Eye Research Center, The Five Senses Institute, Rassoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Akira Sumiyoshi
- Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan; National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Mani Garousi
- Department of Electrical and Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Jamaati
- Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran; Institute for Brain Sciences and Cognition, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Raoufy
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran; Institute for Brain Sciences and Cognition, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
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Umene R, Nakamura Y, Wu CH, Muta K, Nishino T, Inoue T. Induction of tetraspanin 13 contributes to the synergistic anti-inflammatory effects of parasympathetic and sympathetic stimulation in macrophages. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 665:187-194. [PMID: 37163939 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.04.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The autonomic nervous system plays an important role in the regulation of peripheral inflammation. Sympathetic nervous activation stimulates inflammatory gene expression and cytokines, whereas parasympathetic nervous activation suppresses the production of inflammatory cytokines by immune cells. However, most studies on the relationship between the autonomic nervous system and immune processes have analyzed a single branch of the autonomic nerves in isolation. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the effects of sympathetic and parasympathetic stimulation on macrophages, which are controlled by autonomic regulation. Macrophages were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce TNF-α. Then, the effects of β2 adrenergic receptor and α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor activation on TNF-α production were assessed using concentration-dependent assays. RNA-seq data were also used to identify genes whose expression was enhanced by parasympathetic and sympathetic stimulation. The simultaneous activation of β2 adrenergic receptors and α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors suppressed LPS-induced TNF-α production in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, simultaneous activation of these receptors had synergistic anti-inflammatory effects and induced Tspan13 expression, thereby contributing to anti-inflammatory mechanisms in macrophages. Our study revealed the synergistic anti-inflammatory effects of the parasympathetic and sympathetic stimulation of macrophages. Our results suggest that targeting both sympathetic and parasympathetic signaling is a promising therapeutic approach for inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryusuke Umene
- Department of Physiology of Visceral Function and Body Fluid, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan; Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yasuna Nakamura
- Department of Physiology of Visceral Function and Body Fluid, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Chia-Hsien Wu
- Department of Physiology of Visceral Function and Body Fluid, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kumiko Muta
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Tomoya Nishino
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.
| | - Tsuyoshi Inoue
- Department of Physiology of Visceral Function and Body Fluid, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.
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Siddiqui F, Gallagher D, Shuster-Hyman H, Lopez L, Gauthier-Fisher A, Librach CL. First trimester human umbilical cord perivascular cells (HUCPVC) modulate the kynurenine pathway and glutamate neurotransmission in an LPS-induced mouse model of neuroinflammation. J Inflamm (Lond) 2023; 20:15. [PMID: 37127610 PMCID: PMC10152638 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-023-00340-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Kynurenine Pathway (KP) of tryptophan degradation and glutamate toxicity is implicated in several neurological disorders, including depression. The therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC), owing to their well documented phagocytosis-driven mechanism of immunomodulation and neuroprotection, has been tested in many neurological disorders. However, their potential to influence KP and the glutamatergic system has not yet been investigated. Hence, this study sought to investigate the effect of HUCPVC, a rich and potent source of MSC, on Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated KP metabolites, KP enzymes, and key components of glutamate neurotransmission. METHODS The immunomodulatory effect of peripherally administered HUCPVC on the expression profile of kynurenine pathway metabolites and enzymes was assessed in the plasma and brain of mice treated with LPS using LCMS and QPCR. An assessment of the glutamatergic system, including selected receptors, transporters and related proteins was also conducted by QPCR, immunohistochemistry and Western blot. RESULTS HUCPVC were found to modulate LPS-induced activation of KP enzymes and metabolites in the brain associated with neurotoxicity. Moreover, the reduced expression of the glutamatergic components due to LPS was also found to be significantly improved by HUCPVC. CONCLUSIONS The immunomodulatory properties of HUCPVC appear to confer neuroprotection, at least in part, through their ability to modulate the KP in the brain. This KP modulation enhances neuroprotective regulators and downregulates neurotoxic consequences, including glutamate neurotoxicity, which is associated with neuroinflammation and depressive behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fyyaz Siddiqui
- CReATe Fertility Centre, 790 Bay Street, Suite 1100, Toronto, ON, M5G 1N8, Canada.
| | - Denis Gallagher
- CReATe Fertility Centre, 790 Bay Street, Suite 1100, Toronto, ON, M5G 1N8, Canada
| | - Hannah Shuster-Hyman
- CReATe Fertility Centre, 790 Bay Street, Suite 1100, Toronto, ON, M5G 1N8, Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lianet Lopez
- CReATe Fertility Centre, 790 Bay Street, Suite 1100, Toronto, ON, M5G 1N8, Canada
| | | | - Clifford L Librach
- CReATe Fertility Centre, 790 Bay Street, Suite 1100, Toronto, ON, M5G 1N8, Canada.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Toronto, Canada.
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Shih CH, Chou PC, Chen JH, Chou TL, Lai JH, Lu CY, Huang TW. Cancer-related fatigue classification based on heart rate variability signals from wearables. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1103979. [PMID: 37181354 PMCID: PMC10169588 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1103979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is the most distressing side effect in cancer patients and affects the survival rate. However, most patients do not report their fatigue level. This study is aimed to develop an objective CRF assessment method based on heart rate variability (HRV). Methods In this study, patients with lung cancer who received chemotherapy or target therapy were enrolled. Patients wore wearable devices with photoplethysmography that regularly recorded HRV parameters for seven consecutive days and completed the Brief Fatigue Inventory (BFI) questionnaire. The collected parameters were divided into the active and sleep phase parameters to allow tracking of fatigue variation. Statistical analysis was used to identify correlations between fatigue scores and HRV parameters. Findings In this study, 60 patients with lung cancer were enrolled. The HRV parameters including the low-frequency/high-frequency (LF/HF) ratio and the LF/HF disorder ratio in the active phase and the sleep phase were extracted. A linear classifier with HRV-based cutoff points achieved correct classification rates of 73 and 88% for mild and moderate fatigue levels, respectively. Conclusion Fatigue was effectively identified, and the data were effectively classified using a 24-h HRV device. This objective fatigue monitoring method may enable clinicians to effectively handle fatigue problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Huang Shih
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Chin-Yi University of Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pai-Chien Chou
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Thoracic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Hua Chen
- Graduate Institute of Data Science, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Ling Chou
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Hung Lai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erlin Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Yu Lu
- Department of Nursing, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Wei Huang
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Cochrane Taiwan, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Research Center in Nursing Clinical Practice, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Rahal D, Tashjian SM, Karan M, Eisenberger N, Galván A, Fuligni AJ, Hastings PD, Cole SW. Positive and negative emotion are associated with generalized transcriptional activation in immune cells. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2023; 153:106103. [PMID: 37054596 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Alterations in immune system gene expression have been implicated in psychopathology, but it remains unclear whether similar associations occur for intraindividual variations in emotion. The present study examined whether positive emotion and negative emotion were related to expression of pro-inflammatory and antiviral genes in circulating leukocytes from a community sample of 90 adolescents (Mage = 16.3 years, SD = 0.7; 51.1% female). Adolescents reported their positive emotion and negative emotion and provided blood samples twice, five weeks apart. Using a multilevel analytic framework, we found that within-individual increases in positive emotion were associated with reduced expression of both pro-inflammatory and Type I interferon (IFN) response genes, even after adjusting for demographic and biological covariates, and for leukocyte subset abundance. By contrast, increases in negative emotion were related to higher expression of pro-inflammatory and Type I IFN genes. When tested in the same model, only associations with positive emotion emerged as significant, and increases in overall emotional valence were associated with both lower pro-inflammatory and antiviral gene expression. These results are distinct from the previously observed Conserved Transcriptional Response to Adversity (CTRA) gene regulation pattern characterized by reciprocal changes in pro-inflammatory and antiviral gene expression and may reflect alterations in generalized immunologic activation. These findings highlight one biological pathway by which emotion may potentially impact health and physiological function in the context of the immune system, and future studies can investigate whether fostering positive emotion may promote adolescent health through changes in the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny Rahal
- Edna Bennet Pierce Prevention Research Center, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
| | - Sarah M Tashjian
- Humanities and Social Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Maira Karan
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Naomi Eisenberger
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Adriana Galván
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Andrew J Fuligni
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Paul D Hastings
- Center for Mind & Brain, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95618, USA; Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Steve W Cole
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Wang SC, Yokoyama JS, Tzeng NS, Tsai CF, Liu MN. Treatment resistant depression in elderly. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2023; 281:25-53. [PMID: 37806715 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2023.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Treatment refractory depression (TRD) in the elderly is a common psychiatric disorder with high comorbidity and mortality. Older adults with TRD often have complicated comorbidities and several predisposing risk factors, which may lead to neuropsychiatric dysfunction and poor response to treatment. Several hypotheses suggest the underlying mechanisms, including vascular, immunological, senescence, or abnormal protein deposition. Treatment strategies for TRD include optimization of current medication dose, augmentation, switching to an alternative agent or class, and combination of different antidepressant classes, as well as nonpharmacological adjuvant interventions such as biophysical stimulation and psychotherapy. In summary, treatment recommendations for TRD in the elderly favor a multimodal approach, combining pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Chiang Wang
- School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital Songshan Branch, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Jennifer S Yokoyama
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Nian-Sheng Tzeng
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Student Counseling Center, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Fen Tsai
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mu-N Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Slavich GM, Mengelkoch S, Cole SW. Human social genomics: Concepts, mechanisms, and implications for health. LIFESTYLE MEDICINE 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/lim2.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- George M. Slavich
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences University of California Los Angeles California USA
| | - Summer Mengelkoch
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences University of California Los Angeles California USA
| | - Steven W. Cole
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences University of California Los Angeles California USA
- Department of Medicine University of California Los Angeles California USA
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Giustiniani A, Danesin L, Pezzetta R, Masina F, Oliva G, Arcara G, Burgio F, Conte P. Use of Telemedicine to Improve Cognitive Functions and Psychological Well-Being in Patients with Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review of the Current Literature. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15041353. [PMID: 36831693 PMCID: PMC9954456 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis and side effects of breast cancer (BC) treatments greatly affect the everyday lives of women suffering from this disease, with relevant psychological and cognitive consequences. Several studies have reported the psychological effects of receiving a diagnosis of BC. Moreover, women undergoing anticancer therapies may exhibit cognitive impairment as a side effect of the treatments. The access to cognitive rehabilitation and psychological treatment for these patients is often limited by resources; women of childbearing age often encounter difficulties in completing rehabilitation programs requiring access to care institutions. Telemedicine, which provides health services using information and communication technologies, is a useful tool to overcome these limitations. In particular, telemedicine may represent an optimal way to guarantee cognitive rehabilitation, psychological support, and recovery to BC patients. Previous studies have reviewed the use of telemedicine to improve psychological well-being in BC patients, and a few have investigated the effect of telerehabilitation on cognitive deficits. This study systematically reviewed the evidence on the cognitive and psychological effects of telemedicine in BC patients. Current evidence suggests that telemedicine may represent a promising tool for the management of some psychological problems experienced by breast cancer patients, but more controlled studies are needed to clarify its effectiveness, especially for cognitive deficits. The results are also discussed in light of the intervening and modulating factors that may mediate both side effect occurrence and the success of the interventions.
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Canali MM, Guyot M, Simon T, Daoudlarian D, Chabry J, Panzolini C, Petit-Paitel A, Hypolite N, Nicolas S, Bourdely P, Schmid-Antomarchi H, Schmid-Alliana A, Soria J, Karimdjee Soilihi B, Hofman P, Prevost-Blondel A, Kato M, Mougneau E, Glaichenhaus N, Blancou P. Environmental signals perceived by the brain abate pro-metastatic monocytes by dampening glucocorticoids receptor signaling. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:15. [PMID: 36726173 PMCID: PMC9893572 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-02855-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
While positive social-behavioral factors predict longer survival in cancer patients, the underlying mechanisms are unknown. Since tumor metastasis are the major cancer mortality factor, we investigated how an enriched environment (EE) conductive to enhanced sensory, cognitive and motor stimulation impact metastatic progression in lungs following intravasation in the circulation. We find that mice housed in EE exhibited reduced number of lung metastatic foci compared to control mice housed in a standard environment (SE). Compared to SE mice, EE mice increased lung inflammation as early as 4 days after circulating tumor cells extravasation. The impact of environmental signals on lung metastasis is independent of adrenergic receptors signaling. By contrast, we find that serum corticosterone levels are lower in EE mice and that glucocorticoid receptor (GR) antagonist reduces the number of lung metastasis in SE mice. In addition, the difference of the number of lung metastasis between SE and EE mice is abolished when inflammatory monocytes are rendered deficient in GR signaling. This decreased GR signaling in inflammatory monocytes of SE mice results in an exacerbated inflammatory profile in the lung. Our study shows that not only EE reduces late stages of metastatic progression in lungs but disclose a novel anti-tumor mechanism whereby GR-dependent reprogramming of inflammatory monocytes can inhibit metastatic progression in lungs. Moreover, while inflammatory monocytes have been shown to promote cancer progression, they also have an anti-tumor effect, suggesting that their role is more complex than currently thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Magdalena Canali
- grid.460782.f0000 0004 4910 6551Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Institute, Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, 660 Route des Lucioles, Valbonne, France
| | - Mélanie Guyot
- grid.460782.f0000 0004 4910 6551Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Institute, Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, 660 Route des Lucioles, Valbonne, France
| | - Thomas Simon
- grid.460782.f0000 0004 4910 6551Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Institute, Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, 660 Route des Lucioles, Valbonne, France
| | - Douglas Daoudlarian
- grid.460782.f0000 0004 4910 6551Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Institute, Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, 660 Route des Lucioles, Valbonne, France
| | - Joelle Chabry
- grid.460782.f0000 0004 4910 6551Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Institute, Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, 660 Route des Lucioles, Valbonne, France
| | - Clara Panzolini
- grid.460782.f0000 0004 4910 6551Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Institute, Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, 660 Route des Lucioles, Valbonne, France
| | - Agnès Petit-Paitel
- grid.460782.f0000 0004 4910 6551Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Institute, Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, 660 Route des Lucioles, Valbonne, France
| | - Nicolas Hypolite
- grid.460782.f0000 0004 4910 6551Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Institute, Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, 660 Route des Lucioles, Valbonne, France
| | - Sarah Nicolas
- grid.460782.f0000 0004 4910 6551Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Institute, Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, 660 Route des Lucioles, Valbonne, France
| | - Pierre Bourdely
- grid.460782.f0000 0004 4910 6551Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Institute, Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, 660 Route des Lucioles, Valbonne, France
| | - Heidy Schmid-Antomarchi
- grid.460782.f0000 0004 4910 6551Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, INSERM, Valrose Biology Institute, 28 Avenue de Valombrose, Nice, France
| | - Annie Schmid-Alliana
- grid.460782.f0000 0004 4910 6551Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, INSERM, Valrose Biology Institute, 28 Avenue de Valombrose, Nice, France
| | - Javier Soria
- grid.460782.f0000 0004 4910 6551Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Institute, Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, 660 Route des Lucioles, Valbonne, France
| | - Babou Karimdjee Soilihi
- grid.460782.f0000 0004 4910 6551Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, INSERM, Valrose Biology Institute, 28 Avenue de Valombrose, Nice, France ,Polyclinique Saint Jean, Cagnes sur mer, France
| | - Paul Hofman
- grid.410528.a0000 0001 2322 4179Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology and Biobank, Nice University Hospital, Nice, France ,grid.460782.f0000 0004 4910 6551Research Institute on Cancer and Aging, Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, INSERM, 28 Avenue de Valombrose, Nice, France
| | - Armelle Prevost-Blondel
- grid.462098.10000 0004 0643 431XUniversité Paris Descartes, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Cochin, 22 rue Méchain, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Masashi Kato
- grid.27476.300000 0001 0943 978XDepartment of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi Japan
| | - Evelyne Mougneau
- grid.460782.f0000 0004 4910 6551Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Institute, Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, 660 Route des Lucioles, Valbonne, France
| | - Nicolas Glaichenhaus
- grid.460782.f0000 0004 4910 6551Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Institute, Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, 660 Route des Lucioles, Valbonne, France
| | - Philippe Blancou
- grid.460782.f0000 0004 4910 6551Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Institute, Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, 660 Route des Lucioles, Valbonne, France
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Bower JE, Partridge AH, Wolff AC, Cole SW, Irwin MR, Thorner ED, Joffe H, Petersen L, Crespi CM, Ganz PA. Improving biobehavioral health in younger breast cancer survivors: Pathways to Wellness trial secondary outcomes. J Natl Cancer Inst 2023; 115:83-92. [PMID: 36130057 PMCID: PMC9830488 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djac180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Pathways to Wellness trial tested the efficacy of 2 interventions for younger breast cancer survivors: mindful awareness practices (MAPs) and survivorship education (SE). This planned secondary analysis examines intervention effects on stress, positive psychological outcomes, and inflammation (Clincaltrials.gov NCT03025139). METHODS Women diagnosed with breast cancer at or before age 50 years who had completed treatment and had elevated depressive symptoms were randomly assigned to 6 weeks of MAPs, SE, or wait-list control (WLC). Assessments conducted at pre- and postintervention and at 3- and 6-month follow-up measured general stress perceptions, cancer-related intrusive thoughts and worry, positive affect, meaning and peace in life, altruism and empathy, and markers of inflammation. Analyses compared change in outcomes over time in each intervention group relative to WLC using linear mixed models. RESULTS A total 247 women were randomly assigned to MAPs (n = 85), SE (n = 81), or WLC (n = 81). MAPs statistically significantly decreased intrusive thoughts and worry at postintervention and 3-month follow-up relative to WLC (P < .027) and statistically significantly increased positive affect and meaning and peace at postintervention, with positive affect persisting at 3-month follow-up (P < .027). SE statistically significantly decreased intrusive thoughts at 3-month follow-up and statistically significantly increased positive affect at 6-month follow-up relative to WLC (P < .01). Proinflammatory gene expression increased in WLC relative to MAPs (P = .016) but did not differ from SE. There were no intervention effects on other outcomes. CONCLUSION MAPs had beneficial effects on psychological and immune outcomes in younger breast cancer survivors and is a promising approach for enhancing biobehavioral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julienne E Bower
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ann H Partridge
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Antonio C Wolff
- The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Steve W Cole
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine (Hematology-Oncology), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael R Irwin
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Elissa D Thorner
- The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hadine Joffe
- Connors Center for Women's Health and Gender Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychosocial Oncology and Palliative Care, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Laura Petersen
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Catherine M Crespi
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Patricia A Ganz
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine (Hematology-Oncology), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Cheng Z, Zhou ST, Zhang XH, Fu Q, Yang Y, Ji WB, Liu HG. Effects of early intermittent maternal separation on behavior, physiological, and growth performance in piglets. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skad122. [PMID: 37094606 PMCID: PMC10195192 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In pig production, the management of piglets by batch lactation due to the increase in litter sizes of sows may result in intermittent early neonatal maternal separation (NMS). We speculated that NMS may affect the piglets cognitive growth performance and health. To determine the extent of the effect, 12 litters of crossbred piglets (Large White × Duroc × Min-pig) were used in this trial. Piglets in the control (Con) group (n = 6) were given a standard feeding method during lactation. Piglets in the experimental group (n = 6) were subjected to the NMS model, in which sows were led out of the enclosure with food every day (8:00-11:00 and 13:00-16:00) starting from postnatal day (PND) 7. During the separation, the piglets were supplemented with milk. All experimental piglets were weaned on PND 35. The piglets were observed for aggression, play, mutual sniffing, and exploratory behavior on PNDs 7, 8, 21, 22, 34, 35, 38, 39, 51, 52, 64, and 65. Physiological indicators, namely serum adrenaline, cortisol, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-4, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were measured on PNDs 35, 38, and 65, while piglet growth performance was evaluated during suckling and 1 month after weaning. The results showed that aggressive behavior in the MS group was significantly higher than that in the Con group (P < 0.05). Playful and mutual sniffing behaviors in the MS group were significantly lower than those in the Con group except for PNDs 38 and 39 (P < 0.05). Active exploratory behavior in the MS group was significantly higher than that in the Con group on PNDs 7 and 8, and PNDs 21 and 22 (P < 0.05). The frequency of belly-nosing behavior was significantly higher in the MS group than that in the Con group except for PNDs 64 and 65 (P < 0.05). Compared with the Con group, epinephrine, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α concentrations on PNDs 35, 38, and 65 were significantly increased in the MS group (P < 0.01), while IL-4 concentration was significantly decreased (PND 35: P < 0.05; PNDs 38 and 65: P < 0.01). Compared with the Con group, the piglet diarrhea rate in the MS group during suckling was significantly increased (P < 0.01), the weaning weight was significantly decreased (P < 0.05), and it had no significant effect on the body weight at the end of the trial (P > 0.05). In conclusion, the early intermittent NMS created stress and affected the growth performance of piglets during suckling. However, the growth rate was improved by compensatory measures during late weaning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Cheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Changjiang, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P.R. China
| | - Si-Tong Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Changjiang, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Hong Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Changjiang, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P.R. China
| | - Qin Fu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Changjiang, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P.R. China
| | - Yue Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Changjiang, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Bo Ji
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Changjiang, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Gui Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Changjiang, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Swine Facilities Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Changjiang, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P.R. China
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Alvarez MR, Alarcon JM, Roman CA, Lazaro D, Bobrowski-Khoury N, Baena-Caldas GP, Esber GR. Can a basic solution activate the inflammatory reflex? A review of potential mechanisms, opportunities, and challenges. Pharmacol Res 2023; 187:106525. [PMID: 36441036 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Stimulation of the inflammatory reflex (IR) is a promising strategy to treat systemic inflammatory disorders. However, this strategy is hindered by the cost and side effects of traditional IR activators. Recently, oral intake of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) has been suggested to activate the IR, providing a safe and inexpensive alternative. Critically, the mechanisms whereby NaHCO3 might achieve this effect and more broadly the pathways underlying the IR remain poorly understood. Here, we argue that the recognition of NaHCO3 as a potential IR activator presents exciting clinical and research opportunities. To aid this quest, we provide an integrative review of our current knowledge of the neural and cellular pathways mediating the IR and discuss the status of physiological models of IR activation. From this vantage point, we derive testable hypotheses on potential mechanisms whereby NaHCO3 might stimulate the IR and compare NaHCO3 with classic IR activators. Elucidation of these mechanisms will help determine the therapeutic value of NaHCO3 as an IR activator and provide new insights into the IR circuitry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Rodriguez Alvarez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
| | - Juan Marcos Alarcon
- Department of Pathology, The Robert F. Furchgott Center for Neural and Behavioral Science, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | - Christopher A Roman
- Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York (SUNY) Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | - Deana Lazaro
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Veterans Affairs New York Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn, NY, USA
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Abstract
There is increasingly compelling evidence that microorganisms may play an etiological role in the emergence of mental illness in a subset of the population. Historically, most work has focused on the neurotrophic herpesviruses, herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), cytomegalovirus (CMV), and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) as well as the protozoan, Toxoplasma gondii. In this chapter, we provide an umbrella review of this literature and additionally highlight prospective studies that allow more mechanistic conclusions to be drawn. Next, we focus on clinical trials of anti-microbial medications for the treatment of psychiatric disorders. We critically evaluate six trials that tested the impact of anti-herpes medications on inflammatory outcomes in the context of a medical disorder, nine clinical trials utilizing anti-herpetic medications for the treatment of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) or schizophrenia, and four clinical trials utilizing anti-parasitic medications for the treatment of schizophrenia. We then turn our attention to evidence for a gut dysbiosis and altered microbiome in psychiatric disorders, and the potential therapeutic effects of probiotics, including an analysis of more than 10 randomized controlled trials of probiotics in the context of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder (BD), and major depressive disorder (MDD).
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Cardona M, Andrés P. Are social isolation and loneliness associated with cognitive decline in ageing? Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1075563. [PMID: 36909946 PMCID: PMC9995915 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1075563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Social isolation and loneliness are associated with poor health (immunity, inflammation, etc.) in ageing. The purpose of this scoping review was to investigate the link between social isolation, loneliness (as distinct constructs, in contrast to previous published work) and cognition in cognitively healthy older adults. Method We followed PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Our search, conducted between January 2017 and April 2021, yielded 2,673 articles, of which, twelve longitudinal studies were finally identified as meeting the inclusion criteria. Multiple cognitive functions (short-term and episodic memory, attention, and global cognitive functioning) were measured. Results The results showed that both social isolation and loneliness were associated with poor cognition in ageing, with depression as a possible mediator between loneliness and poor cognition. Some studies also suggested that the link between social isolation, loneliness and cognitive decline may be bidirectional. Conclusion We conclude that both social isolation and loneliness may have a different impact on cognition. While depression may be an important mediator between loneliness and cognitive decline, the lack of cognitive stimulation may be a greater mediator between social isolation and cognitive health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margalida Cardona
- Neuropsychology and Cognition Research Group, Department of Psychology, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Pilar Andrés
- Neuropsychology and Cognition Research Group, Department of Psychology, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.,Research Institute (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain.,Research Institute on Health Sciences (IUNICS), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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Liu Y, Gu R, Gao M, Wei Y, Shi Y, Wang X, Gu Y, Gu X, Zhang H. Emerging role of substance and energy metabolism associated with neuroendocrine regulation in tumor cells. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1126271. [PMID: 37051193 PMCID: PMC10084767 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1126271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the second most common cause of mortality in the world. One of the unresolved difficult pathological mechanism issues in malignant tumors is the imbalance of substance and energy metabolism of tumor cells. Cells maintain life through energy metabolism, and normal cells provide energy through mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation to generate ATP, while tumor cells demonstrate different energy metabolism. Neuroendocrine control is crucial for tumor cells' consumption of nutrients and energy. As a result, better combinatorial therapeutic approaches will be made possible by knowing the neuroendocrine regulating mechanism of how the neuroendocrine system can fuel cellular metabolism. Here, the basics of metabolic remodeling in tumor cells for nutrients and metabolites are presented, showing how the neuroendocrine system regulates substance and energy metabolic pathways to satisfy tumor cell proliferation and survival requirements. In this context, targeting neuroendocrine regulatory pathways in tumor cell metabolism can beneficially enhance or temper tumor cell metabolism and serve as promising alternatives to available treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Liu
- Institute for Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- School of Chinese Medicine and School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Renjun Gu
- School of Chinese Medicine and School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Murong Gao
- Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yangwa Wei
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hainan Provincial People’s Hospital, Haikou, China
| | - Yu Shi
- Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yihuang Gu
- School of Acupuncture and Tuina, School of Regimen and Rehabilitation, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Hongru Zhang, ; Xin Gu, ; Yihuang Gu,
| | - Xin Gu
- School of Chinese Medicine and School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Hongru Zhang, ; Xin Gu, ; Yihuang Gu,
| | - Hongru Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine and School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Hongru Zhang, ; Xin Gu, ; Yihuang Gu,
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Khantakova JN, Bondar NP, Antontseva EV, Reshetnikov VV. Once induced, it lasts for a long time: the structural and molecular signatures associated with depressive-like behavior after neonatal immune activation. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:1066794. [PMID: 36619667 PMCID: PMC9812963 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.1066794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Adverse factors such as stress or inflammation in the neonatal period can affect the development of certain brain structures and have negative delayed effects throughout the lifespan of an individual, by reducing cognitive abilities and increasing the risk of psychopathologies. One possible reason for these delayed effects is the neuroinflammation caused by neonatal immune activation (NIA). Neuroinflammation can lead to disturbances of neurotransmission and to reprogramming of astroglial and microglial brain cells; when combined, the two problems can cause changes in the cytoarchitecture of individual regions of the brain. In addition, neuroinflammation may affect the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and processes of oxidative stress, thereby resulting in higher stress reactivity. In our review, we tried to answer the questions of whether depressive-like behavior develops after NIA in rodents and what the molecular mechanisms associated with these disorders are. Most studies indicate that NIA does not induce depressive-like behavior in a steady state. Nonetheless, adult males (but not females or adolescents of both sexes) with experience of NIA exhibit marked depressive-like behavior when exposed to aversive conditions. Analyses of molecular changes have shown that NIA leads to an increase in the amount of activated microglia and astroglia in the frontal cortex and hippocampus, an increase in oxidative-stress parameters, a change in stress reactivity of the HPA axis, and an imbalance of cytokines in various regions of the brain, but not in blood plasma, thus confirming the local nature of the inflammation. Therefore, NIA causes depressive-like behavior in adult males under aversive testing conditions, which are accompanied by local inflammation and have sex- and age-specific effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia N. Khantakova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Novosibirsk, Russia,Federal Government-Funded Scientific Institution Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology (RIFCI), Novosibirsk, Russia,*Correspondence: Julia N. Khantakova
| | - Natalia P. Bondar
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Novosibirsk, Russia,Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Elena V. Antontseva
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Vasiliy V. Reshetnikov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Novosibirsk, Russia,Department of Biotechnology, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi, Russia
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71
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Keil-Stietz K, Lein PJ. Gene×environment interactions in autism spectrum disorders. Curr Top Dev Biol 2022; 152:221-284. [PMID: 36707213 PMCID: PMC10496028 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
There is credible evidence that environmental factors influence individual risk and/or severity of autism spectrum disorders (hereafter referred to as autism). While it is likely that environmental chemicals contribute to the etiology of autism via multiple mechanisms, identifying specific environmental factors that confer risk for autism and understanding how they contribute to the etiology of autism has been challenging, in part because the influence of environmental chemicals likely varies depending on the genetic substrate of the exposed individual. Current research efforts are focused on elucidating the mechanisms by which environmental chemicals interact with autism genetic susceptibilities to adversely impact neurodevelopment. The goal is to not only generate insights regarding the pathophysiology of autism, but also inform the development of screening platforms to identify specific environmental factors and gene×environment (G×E) interactions that modify autism risk. Data from such studies are needed to support development of intervention strategies for mitigating the burden of this neurodevelopmental condition on individuals, their families and society. In this review, we discuss environmental chemicals identified as putative autism risk factors and proposed mechanisms by which G×E interactions influence autism risk and/or severity using polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) as an example.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Keil-Stietz
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Veterinary Medicine, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Pamela J Lein
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California, Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA, United States.
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72
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Bond DJ, Andreazza AC, Torres IJ, Honer WG, Lam RW, Yatham LN. Association of total peripheral inflammation with lower frontal and temporal lobe volumes in early-stage bipolar disorder: A proof-of-concept study. J Affect Disord 2022; 319:229-234. [PMID: 36155232 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously reported that in early-stage bipolar disorder (BD), frontal and temporal lobe volume reductions were more pronounced in patients with elevated BMI and more rapidly progressive in patients with additional weight gain. Elevated BMI is a pro-inflammatory state, and inflammation may contribute to brain volume reductions in BD. However, few studies have investigated the relationship between inflammation and brain volumes. METHODS We conducted a proof-of-concept analysis to investigate whether a composite measure of total peripheral inflammation derived from 9 cytokines predicted lower frontal and temporal lobe volumes, measured with 3 T MRI, in early-stage BD. RESULTS In 25 early-stage patients, linear regression models showed that greater total inflammation predicted lower white matter (WM) volumes in the left frontal lobe (β = -0.691, p = 0.001) and bilateral temporal lobes (left: β = -0.617, p = 0.003; right: β = -0.636, p = 0.001). Greater inflammation also predicted lower right frontal WM, although this did not survive correction for multiple comparisons (β = -0.557, p = 0.020). It did not predict frontal or temporal GM. Total inflammation was a stronger predictor of lower WM volumes than were individual cytokines. LIMITATIONS Although the magnitude of the association between total inflammation and lower WM volumes was large, our sample was small. Our findings require confirmation in further studies, with samples large enough to determine whether inflammation mediates the relationship between elevated BMI and brain volumes. CONCLUSIONS This study supports the hypothesis that inflammation contributes to brain volume reductions in BD and suggests that total inflammatory burden best captures the impact of inflammation on the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Bond
- Mood Disorders Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Ana C Andreazza
- Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, University of Toronto and Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ivan J Torres
- Mood Disorders Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - William G Honer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Raymond W Lam
- Mood Disorders Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Lakshmi N Yatham
- Mood Disorders Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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73
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Muscatell KA, Alvarez GM, Bonar AS, Cardenas MN, Galvan MJ, Merritt CC, Starks MD. Brain-body pathways linking racism and health. AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGIST 2022; 77:1049-1060. [PMID: 36595402 PMCID: PMC9887645 DOI: 10.1037/amp0001084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Racial disparities in health are a major public health problem in the United States, especially when comparing chronic disease morbidity and mortality for Black versus White Americans. These health disparities are primarily due to insidious anti-Black racism that permeates American history, current culture and institutions, and interpersonal interactions. But how does racism get under the skull and the skin to influence brain and bodily processes that impact the health of Black Americans? In the present article, we present a model describing the possible neural and inflammatory mechanisms linking racism and health. We hypothesize that racism influences neural activity and connectivity in the salience and default mode networks of the brain and disrupts interactions between these networks and the executive control network. This pattern of neural functioning in turn leads to greater sympathetic nervous system signaling, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activation, and increased expression of genes involved in inflammation, ultimately leading to higher levels of proinflammatory cytokines in the body and brain. Over time, these neural and physiological responses can lead to chronic physical and mental health conditions, disrupt well-being, and cause premature mortality. Given that research in this area is underdeveloped to date, we emphasize opportunities for future research that are needed to build a comprehensive mechanistic understanding of the brain-body pathways linking anti-Black racism and health. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Keely A Muscatell
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Gabriella M Alvarez
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Adrienne S Bonar
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Megan N Cardenas
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Manuel J Galvan
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Carrington C Merritt
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Maurryce D Starks
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
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McMurray KMJ, Sah R. Neuroimmune mechanisms in fear and panic pathophysiology. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:1015349. [PMID: 36523875 PMCID: PMC9745203 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1015349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Panic disorder (PD) is unique among anxiety disorders in that the emotional symptoms (e.g., fear and anxiety) associated with panic are strongly linked to body sensations indicative of threats to physiological homeostasis. For example, panic attacks often present with feelings of suffocation that evoke hyperventilation, breathlessness, or air hunger. Due to the somatic underpinnings of PD, a major focus has been placed on interoceptive signaling and it is recognized that dysfunctional body-to-brain communication pathways promote the initiation and maintenance of PD symptomatology. While body-to-brain signaling can occur via several pathways, immune and humoral pathways play an important role in communicating bodily physiological state to the brain. Accumulating evidence suggests that neuroimmune mediators play a role in fear and panic-associated disorders, although this has not been systematically investigated. Currently, our understanding of the role of immune mechanisms in the etiology and maintenance of PD remains limited. In the current review, we attempt to summarize findings that support a role of immune dysregulation in PD symptomology. We compile evidence from human studies and panic-relevant rodent paradigms that indicate a role of systemic and brain immune signaling in the regulation of fear and panic-relevant behavior and physiology. Specifically, we discuss how immune signaling can contribute to maladaptive body-to-brain communication and conditioned fear that are relevant to spontaneous and conditioned symptoms of PD and identify putative avenues warranting future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M. J. McMurray
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Renu Sah
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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75
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Alzarea S, Abbas M, Ronan PJ, Lutfy K, Rahman S. The Effect of an α-7 Nicotinic Allosteric Modulator PNU120596 and NMDA Receptor Antagonist Memantine on Depressive-like Behavior Induced by LPS in Mice: The Involvement of Brain Microglia. Brain Sci 2022; 12:1493. [PMID: 36358419 PMCID: PMC9688168 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12111493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), particularly the α7 nAChR, play a critical role in neuroinflammation and microglial activation associated with major depressive disorder (MDD). Microglial quinolinic acid (QUIN), which is synthesized by 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid dioxygenase (HAAO), is an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor agonist and has been implicated in the development of MDD-related symptoms. In the present study, we assessed the effects of PNU120596, an α7 nAChR positive allosteric modulator (PAM), on HAAO expression and QUIN formation in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. We also investigated the effects of memantine, an NMDA receptor antagonist, alone and in combination with PNU120596 on cognitive deficit and depressive-like behaviors induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in mice using the Y-maze and forced swim test, respectively. LPS (1 mg/kg, i.p.) elevated HAAO expression and QUIN formation in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex, which were reduced with pretreatment with PNU120596 (4 mg/kg, i.p.). Furthermore, memantine (1 or 3 mg/kg, i.p.) prevented the cognitive deficit and depressive-like behaviors induced by LPS in mice. Together, these results suggest that the antidepressant-like effects of PNU120596 are mediated by attenuation of LPS-induced QUIN formation. Therefore, α7 nAChR PAM could be a potential therapeutic candidate for MDD associated with neurotoxic glutamatergic transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Alzarea
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
| | - Muzaffar Abbas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
| | - Patrick J. Ronan
- Research Service, Sioux Falls VA Healthcare System, Sioux Falls, SD 57105, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Basic Biomedical Sciences, University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, SD 57105, USA
| | - Kabirullah Lutfy
- College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Shafiqur Rahman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
- Research Service, Sioux Falls VA Healthcare System, Sioux Falls, SD 57105, USA
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76
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Khantakova JN, Bondar NP, Sapronova AA, Reshetnikov VV. Delayed effects of neonatal immune activation on brain neurochemistry and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis functioning. Eur J Neurosci 2022; 56:5931-5951. [PMID: 36156830 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
During the postnatal period, the brain is highly sensitive to stress and inflammation, which are hazardous to normal growth and development. There is increasing evidence that inflammatory processes in the early postnatal period increase the risk of psychopathologies and cognitive impairment later in life. On the other hand, there are few studies on the ability of infectious agents to cause long-term neuroinflammation, leading to changes in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis functioning and an imbalance in the neurotransmitter system. In this review, we examine short- and long-term effects of neonatal-induced inflammation in rodents on glutamatergic, GABAergic and monoaminergic systems and on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia N Khantakova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Novosibirsk, Russia.,Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution 'Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology' (RIFCI), Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Natalia P Bondar
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Novosibirsk, Russia.,Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Anna A Sapronova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Vasiliy V Reshetnikov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Novosibirsk, Russia.,Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi, Russia
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77
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Zhang Y, Yin HY, Rubini P, Tang Y, Illes P. A Possible Causal Involvement of Neuroinflammatory, Purinergic P2X7 Receptors in Psychiatric Disorders. Curr Neuropharmacol 2022; 20:2142-2155. [PMID: 35236262 PMCID: PMC9886837 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666220302152400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
P2X7 receptors (Rs) are prominent members of the P2XR family, which after binding ATP, open non-selective cationic channels, thereby allowing the transmembrane passage of Na+, Ca2+, and K+. Long-lasting and repetitive stimulation of the receptor by its agonist leads to the formation of large membrane pores permeable for organic cations of up to 900 Da molecular size. These pores are believed to play a role in apoptosis and inflammation. P2X7Rs are located primarily at peripheral macrophages and microglial cells, the resident macrophages of the CNS. The coactivation of toll-like receptors 4 (TLR4) by lipopolysaccharide, a constituent of the cell membrane of gram-negative bacteria, and the P2X7R by ATP leads to the generation and release of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α. Together with the microglial release of chemokines, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, proteases, and excitotoxic glutamate, these cytokines result in neurodegeneration. P2X7Rs were found not only to amplify various neurodegenerative illnesses, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and multiple sclerosis, but also to participate in a range of psychiatric diseases, such as major depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and autism spectrum disorder. Based on the prevention/reversal of neuroinflammation, pharmacological antagonists of P2X7Rs and their genetic deletion in animal experiments counteract these deleterious psychiatric conditions. Hence, brain penetrant P2X7R antagonists are potential therapeutics for psychiatric diseases, although the available evidence still needs to be extended and validated by further clinical data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China;,International Collaborative Centre on Big Science Plan for Purinergic Signalling, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China
| | - Hai-Yan Yin
- School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China
| | - Patrizia Rubini
- School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China;,International Collaborative Centre on Big Science Plan for Purinergic Signalling, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China
| | - Yong Tang
- School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China;,International Collaborative Centre on Big Science Plan for Purinergic Signalling, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China;,Address correspondence to these authors at the Rudolf Boehm Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Leipzig, 04107, Leipzig, Germany; Tel/Fax: (+49)341-9724614, (+49)341-9724609; E-mail: or at Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 610075, Chengdu, China; Tel/Fax: (+86) 28-87689918, (+86) 28-87683962; E-mail:
| | - Peter Illes
- School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China;,International Collaborative Centre on Big Science Plan for Purinergic Signalling, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China;,Rudolf Boehm Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Leipzig, 04109 Leipzig, Germany,Address correspondence to these authors at the Rudolf Boehm Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Leipzig, 04107, Leipzig, Germany; Tel/Fax: (+49)341-9724614, (+49)341-9724609; E-mail: or at Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 610075, Chengdu, China; Tel/Fax: (+86) 28-87689918, (+86) 28-87683962; E-mail:
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78
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Kilpatrick LA, Siddarth P, Milillo MM, Krause-Sorio B, Ercoli L, Narr KL, Lavretsky H. Impact of Tai Chi as an adjunct treatment on brain connectivity in geriatric depression. J Affect Disord 2022; 315:1-6. [PMID: 35905792 PMCID: PMC10182814 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.07.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As an adjunct to antidepressant treatment, Tai Chi Chih (TCC) is superior to health education and wellness (HEW) training in improving the general health of patients with geriatric depression (GD). This study investigated the brain connectivity changes associated with TCC and HEW in combination with antidepressant treatment in patients with GD. METHODS Forty patients with GD under stable antidepressant treatment underwent TCC training (n = 21) or HEW training (n = 19) for 12 weeks, and completed baseline and 3-month follow-up resting state magnetic resonance imaging scans. Within-group and between-group differences in parcel-to-parcel connectivity changes with intervention were evaluated by general linear modeling. Relationships between significant connectivity changes and symptom/resilience improvement were evaluated by partial least squares correlation analysis. RESULTS Significantly greater increases in connectivity with TCC than with HEW (FDR-corrected p < .05) were observed for 167 pairwise connections, most frequently involving the default mode network (DMN). In both groups, increased connectivity involving largely DMN regions was significantly and positively correlated with improvement in symptoms/resilience. LIMITATIONS The sample size was relatively small, mainly due to neuroimaging contraindications (e.g., implants). Additionally, the standard antidepressant treatment varied greatly among patients, adding heterogeneity. CONCLUSIONS Non-pharmacological adjuncts, such as TCC, may enhance DMN connectivity changes associated with improved depressive symptoms and psychological resilience in the treatment of GD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A Kilpatrick
- Department of Psychiatry, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Prabha Siddarth
- Department of Psychiatry, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michaela M Milillo
- Department of Psychiatry, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Beatrix Krause-Sorio
- Department of Psychiatry, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Linda Ercoli
- Department of Psychiatry, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Katherine L Narr
- Department of Neurology, Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Helen Lavretsky
- Department of Psychiatry, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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79
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Graham B, Jin Y, Bazeley P, Husni E, Calabrese LH. Online, low-volume meditation does not alter immune-related biomarkers. Brain Behav Immun Health 2022; 26:100531. [PMID: 36267832 PMCID: PMC9576541 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2022.100531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Prior studies of mindfulness meditation have demonstrated anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory effects but whether meditation courses delivered online can exert similar effects is poorly understood. Barriers to large scale implementation of traditional mindfulness meditation programs has created an increased interest in the effect of less time- and resource-intensive online meditation courses. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a 6-week online mindfulness program with low time demands on nurses would lead to changes in gene expression, cytokine profiles, telomerase activity, and cortisol profiles. Methods This was a randomized, parallel pilot study comparing an online mindfulness-based stress management program to an active control group from December 2018 to May 2019. Healthy nurses with above average levels of perceived stress were randomized to receive a 6-week online mindfulness-based stress management program including ≥5 min daily meditation practice or listen to relaxing music for ≥5 min daily as the control arm. Blood samples were collected at baseline and after 6 weeks, and various self-reported measures of stress, physical and emotional health were collected at baseline, after 6 weeks, and after 12 weeks. Whole transcriptome mRNA sequencing of whole blood at baseline and after 6 weeks was performed along with measurement of plasma IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α, and IFN-γ. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated, and telomerase activity was measured. Diurnal salivary cortisol profiles were assessed at baseline and after 6 weeks. The primary outcome was change over time in a pre-determined set of 53 genes representative of the immune-related changes seen with stress, which was analyzed using a mixed linear model. Secondary outcomes included all other self-reported measures and biomarkers mentioned above. Results A total of 61 nurses were randomized, with 52 having sufficient data to include in the final analysis. After 6 weeks, nurses in the control group reported significant reductions in stress as measured by the Perceived Stress Scale while those in the mindfulness group did not. However, after 12 weeks, the mindfulness group also showed a significant reduction in stress. When compared to the control group, no significant changes in RNA gene expression or any other biomarkers were observed in the nurses who participated in the mindfulness program. Conclusions Our study found that this brief online mindfulness-based intervention was effective in reducing stress in nurses, albeit with a delayed effect compared to listening to relaxing music. Regarding immunoregulatory effects, there were no significant differences between treatment and control groups in transcriptomic or other tested biomarkers of immune function. This study provides evidence for a floor effect of mindfulness on transcriptional and circulating biomarkers of immune function.
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Key Words
- CRP, C-reactive protein
- CTRA, conserved ranscriptional response to adversity
- IFN-γ, interferon gamma
- IL-10, interleukin-10
- IL-6, interleukin-6
- IL-8, interleukin-8
- IRF-1, interferon regulatory factor 1
- NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa B
- PROMIS, patient-reported outcomes measurement information system
- PSS, perceived stress scale
- TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor alpha
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett Graham
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, 9501 Euclid Ave./EC10, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA,Corresponding author. Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Neurology, 1161 21st Avenue South, A-0118 Medical Center North, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
| | - Yuxuan Jin
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, 9500 Euclid Ave. Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Peter Bazeley
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, 9500 Euclid Ave. Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Elaine Husni
- Cleveland Clinic R.J. Fasenmyer Center for Clinical Immunology, 9500 Euclid Ave. Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Leonard H. Calabrese
- Cleveland Clinic Orthopaedic & Rheumatologic Institute, 9500 Euclid Ave. Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
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Jackson NA, Jabbi MM. Integrating biobehavioral information to predict mood disorder suicide risk. Brain Behav Immun Health 2022; 24:100495. [PMID: 35990401 PMCID: PMC9388879 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2022.100495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The will to live and the ability to maintain one's well-being are crucial for survival. Yet, almost a million people die by suicide globally each year (Aleman and Denys, 2014), making premature deaths due to suicide a significant public health problem (Saxena et al., 2013). The expression of suicidal behaviors is a complex phenotype with documented biological, psychological, clinical, and sociocultural risk factors (Turecki et al., 2019). From a brain disease perspective, suicide is associated with neuroanatomical, neurophysiological, and neurochemical dysregulations of brain networks involved in integrating and contextualizing cognitive and emotional regulatory behaviors. From a symptom perspective, diagnostic measures of dysregulated mood states like major depressive symptoms are associated with over sixty percent of suicide deaths worldwide (Saxena et al., 2013). This paper reviews the neurobiological and clinical phenotypic correlates for mood dysregulations and suicidal phenotypes. We further propose machine learning approaches to integrate neurobiological measures with dysregulated mood symptoms to elucidate the role of inflammatory processes as neurobiological risk factors for suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A. Jackson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, USA
- Institute for Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, USA
| | - Mbemba M. Jabbi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, USA
- Mulva Clinics for the Neurosciences
- Institute for Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, USA
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, USA
- Center for Learning and Memory, The University of Texas at Austin, USA
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81
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Mehta ND, Stevens JS, Li Z, Fani N, Gillespie CF, Ravi M, Michopoulos V, Felger JC. Inflammation, amygdala-ventromedial prefrontal functional connectivity and symptoms of anxiety and PTSD in African American women recruited from an inner-city hospital: Preliminary results. Brain Behav Immun 2022; 105:122-130. [PMID: 35772683 PMCID: PMC11041384 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2022.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory stimuli have been shown to impact brain regions involved in threat detection and emotional processing including amygdala and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), and to increase anxiety. Biomarkers of endogenous inflammation, including inflammatory cytokines and C-reactive protein (CRP), are reliably elevated in a subset of patients with depression and anxiety-related disorders such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and have been associated with high anxiety in population studies. We previously reported that plasma CRP and cytokines in patients with depression were negatively correlated with resting-state functional connectivity (FC) between right amygdala and vmPFC, as assessed using both ROI to voxel-wise and targeted FC approaches, in association with symptoms of anxiety, particularly in patients with comorbid anxiety disorders or PTSD. To determine whether relationships between inflammation, right amygdala-vmPFC FC, and anxiety are reproducible across patient samples and research settings, we employed an a priori, hypothesis-driven approach to examine relationships between inflammation, targeted right amygdala-vmPFC FC and anxiety in a cohort of African American (AA) women (n = 54) recruited from an inner-city hospital population reliably found to have higher levels of inflammation (median CRP ∼ 4 mg/L) as well as symptoms of anxiety, depression and PTSD. Higher concentrations of plasma CRP were associated with lower right amygdala-vmPFC FC (r = -0.32, p = 0.017), and this relationship remained significant when controlling for age, body mass index and number of lifetime trauma events experienced, as well as severity of PTSD and depression symptoms (all p < 0.05). This amygdala-vmPFC FC was similarly associated with a composite score of three inflammatory cytokines in a subset of women where plasma was available for analysis (n = 33, r = -0.33, p = 0.058; adjusted r = -0.43, p = 0.026 when controlling for covariates including PTSD and depression symptom severity). Lower right amygdala-vmPFC FC was in turn associated with higher levels of anxiety reported to be generally experienced on the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, trait component (adjusted r = -0.32, p = 0.039 when controlling for covariates). Exploratory analyses also revealed a negative correlation between severity of childhood maltreatment and right amygdala-vmPFC FC (r = -0.32, p = 0.018) that was independent of CRP and its association with FC, as well as an association between low amygdala-vmPFC FC and severity of PTSD symptoms, specifically the re-experiencing/intrusive symptom subscale (adjusted r = -0.32, p = 0.028 when controlling for covariates). While CRP was not linearly associated with either anxiety or PTSD symptoms, CRP concentrations were higher in women reporting clinically significant anxiety or PTSD symptom severity when these symptoms were considered together (both p < 0.05), but with no interaction. These results support our primary hypothesis that higher inflammation was associated with lower amygdala-vmPFC FC, a relationship that was detected using a hypothesis-driven, targeted approach. Findings also support that this phenotype of high CRP and low vmPFC FC was observed in association with anxiety in primary analyses, as well as symptoms of PTSD in exploratory analyses, in a cohort recruited from an inner-city population of AA women enriched for high inflammation, history of trauma exposure, and symptom severity. Larger, longitudinal samples are required to fully tease apart causal relationships between inflammatory biomarkers, FC and PTSD-related symptoms in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeti D Mehta
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Graduate Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - Jennifer S Stevens
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - Zhihao Li
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States; School of Psychology and Sociology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Sheng, 518060, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Affective and Social Cognitive Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Sheng, 518060, China
| | - Negar Fani
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - Charles F Gillespie
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - Meghna Ravi
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Graduate Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - Vasiliki Michopoulos
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States; Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States.
| | - Jennifer C Felger
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States; Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States.
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82
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Claro AE, Palanza C, Mazza M, Rizzi A, Tartaglione L, Marano G, Muti-Schuenemann G, Rigoni M, Muti P, Pontecorvi A, Janiri L, Sani G, Pitocco D. Why do we not reverse the path? Stress can cause depression, reduction of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and increased inflammation. World J Psychiatry 2022; 12:1264-1267. [PMID: 36186501 PMCID: PMC9521532 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v12.i9.1264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to describe the direction of the link between stress, depression, increased inflammation and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) reduction. We hypothesize that severe stress or prolonged stress can be the driving factor that promote the onset of depression. Both stress and depression, if not resolved over time, activate the production of transcription factors that will switch on pro-inflammatory genes and translate them into cytokines. This cascade fosters systemic chronic inflammation and reduced plasma BDNF levels. Since people with depression have a 60% increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D) and show high levels of inflammation and low levels of BDNF, we hypothesize possible reasons that might explain why T2D, depression and dementia are often associated in the same patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Emilio Claro
- Department of Geriatrics, Neuroscience and Orthopedics, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome 00168, Italy
| | - Clelia Palanza
- Istituto Italiano di Antropologia, IsiTa, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Marianna Mazza
- Department of Geriatrics, Neuroscience and Orthopedics, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome 00168, Italy
| | - Alessandro Rizzi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome 00168, Italy
| | - Linda Tartaglione
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome 00168, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Marano
- Department of Geriatrics, Neuroscience and Orthopedics, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome 00168, Italy
| | - Giovanna Muti-Schuenemann
- Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact Department, McMaster University, Ontario K9V 0A0, Canada
| | - Marta Rigoni
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan 20126, Italy
| | - Paola Muti
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan 20126, Italy
| | - Alfredo Pontecorvi
- Department of Endocrine-Metabolic and Dermo-Rheumatology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome 00168, Italy
| | - Luigi Janiri
- Department of Geriatrics, Neuroscience and Orthopedics, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome 00168, Italy
| | - Gabriele Sani
- Department of Geriatrics, Neuroscience and Orthopedics, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome 00168, Italy
| | - Dario Pitocco
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome 00168, Italy
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83
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Nicoloro-SantaBarbara JM, Carroll JE, Minissian M, Kilpatrick SJ, Cole S, Merz CNB, Accortt EE. Immune transcriptional profiles in mothers with clinically elevated depression and anxiety symptoms several years post-delivery. Am J Reprod Immunol 2022; 88:e13619. [PMID: 36098215 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most research on maternal mental health focuses on the perinatal period and does not extend beyond 12 months postpartum. However, emerging evidence suggests that for some women (30%-50%), psychological symptoms may persist beyond the first year postpartum or even emerge later increasing the risk of chronic mood and anxiety symptoms. Despite the high prevalence rates and devastating maternal-child consequences, studies examining maternal depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) beyond the first year postpartum are rare and our understanding of the underlying biological mechanisms is incomplete. Inflammatory processes are thought to be involved in the pathophysiology of depression, anxiety, & PTSD outside of the postpartum period. Therefore, the purpose of the current investigation was to examine the relationship between depression, anxiety, and PTSD two to three years post-delivery, and transcriptional control pathways relevant to inflammatory and antiviral processes. METHODS Women over 18 years of age enrolled in ongoing research studies at Cedars Sinai Medical Center who were 2-3 years postpartum were invited to participate in the current study. Women (N = 33) reported on their levels of depression, anxiety, and PTSD and provided a blood sample approximately 2-3 years post-delivery. Bioinformatic analyses of differential gene expression (DGEs) to infer transcription factor activity were used. Gene expression was assayed by RNA sequencing and TELiS bioinformatics analysis of transcription factor-binding motifs in the promoters of differentially expressed genes. RESULTS DGE analyses revealed that women with clinically elevated symptoms of depression, anxiety and PTSD (n = 16) showed upregulation of genes activated by transcription control pathways associated with inflammation (NF-Κ B, p = 0.004; JUN, p = 0.02), including ꞵ-adrenergic responsive CREB (p = 0.01) and reduced activation of genes associated with the antiviral response (IRFs, p = 0.02) and the glucocorticoid signaling pathway (GR, p = 0.02) compared to women without clinical symptoms (n = 17). CONCLUSIONS This is one of the first investigations into the immune signaling pathways involved in depression, anxiety, and PTSD two to three years post-delivery. The results of this study suggest that clinically elevated symptoms of depression, anxiety, and PTSD two to three years post-delivery are associated with a gene expression profile characterized by upregulated expression of pro-inflammatory genes and downregulated expression of antiviral genes. The data also point to two potential stress responsive pathways linking symptoms to increased inflammatory signaling in immune cells: sympathetic nervous system mediated ꞵ-adrenergic signaling and reduced hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis activity. Together, these findings highlight the need for investigations into maternal mental health beyond the first year postpartum. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Judith E Carroll
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, and Medicine, Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Margo Minissian
- Geri & Richard Brawerman Nursing Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Sarah J Kilpatrick
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Steve Cole
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, and Medicine, Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - C Noel Bairey Merz
- Barbra Streisand Women's Heart Center, Cedars-Sinai Smidt Heart Institute, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Eynav E Accortt
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
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84
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Chang JR, Fu SN, Li X, Li SX, Wang X, Zhou Z, Pinto SM, Samartzis D, Karppinen J, Wong AYL. The differential effects of sleep deprivation on pain perception in individuals with or without chronic pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep Med Rev 2022; 66:101695. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2022.101695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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85
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Yu C, Taverner J, Prasad JD, Naughton MT. COVID-19: sleeping with both eyes open. Intern Med J 2022; 52:1649-1650. [PMID: 36100566 PMCID: PMC9538809 DOI: 10.1111/imj.15853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christiaan Yu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - John Taverner
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jyotika D Prasad
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Matthew T Naughton
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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86
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Irwin MR. Sleep disruption induces activation of inflammation and heightens risk for infectious disease: Role of impairments in thermoregulation and elevated ambient temperature. Temperature (Austin) 2022; 10:198-234. [PMID: 37332305 PMCID: PMC10274531 DOI: 10.1080/23328940.2022.2109932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermoregulation and sleep are tightly coordinated, with evidence that impairments in thermoregulation as well as increases in ambient temperature increase the risk of sleep disturbance. As a period of rest and low demand for metabolic resources, sleep functions to support host responses to prior immunological challenges. In addition by priming the innate immune response, sleep prepares the body for injury or infection which might occur the following day. However when sleep is disrupted, this phasic organization between nocturnal sleep and the immune system becomes misaligned, cellular and genomic markers of inflammation are activated, and increases of proinflammatory cytokines shift from the nighttime to the day. Moreover, when sleep disturbance is perpetuated due to thermal factors such as elevated ambient temperature, the beneficial crosstalk between sleep and immune system becomes further imbalanced. Elevations in proinflammatory cytokines have reciprocal effects and induce sleep fragmentation with decreases in sleep efficiency, decreases in deep sleep, and increases in rapid eye movement sleep, further fomenting inflammation and inflammatory disease risk. Under these conditions, sleep disturbance has additional potent effects to decrease adaptive immune response, impair vaccine responses, and increase vulnerability to infectious disease. Behavioral interventions effectively treat insomnia and reverse systemic and cellular inflammation. Further, insomnia treatment redirects the misaligned inflammatory- and adaptive immune transcriptional profiles with the potential to mitigate risk of inflammation-related cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, and mental health diseases, as well as susceptibility to infectious disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R. Irwin
- University of California, Los Angeles – Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
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87
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Wang C, Shen Y, Ni J, Hu W, Yang Y. Effect of chronic stress on tumorigenesis and development. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:485. [PMID: 35974132 PMCID: PMC11071880 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04455-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Chronic stress activates the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis to aggravates tumorigenesis and development. Although the importance of SNS and HPA in maintaining homeostasis has already attracted much attention, there is still a lot remained unknown about the molecular mechanisms by which chronic stress influence the occurrence and development of tumor. While some researches have already concluded the mechanisms underlying the effect of chronic stress on tumor, complicated processes of tumor progression resulted in effects of chronic stress on various stages of tumor remains elusive. In this reviews we concluded recent research progresses of chronic stress and its effects on premalignancy, tumorigenesis and tumor development, we comprehensively summarized the molecular mechanisms in between. And we highlight the available treatments and potential therapies for stressed patients with tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 639 Long Mian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211198, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yumeng Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 639 Long Mian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211198, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaping Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 639 Long Mian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211198, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 639 Long Mian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211198, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
- Lingang Laboratory, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 639 Long Mian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211198, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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88
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Polsky LR, Rentscher KE, Carroll JE. Stress-induced biological aging: A review and guide for research priorities. Brain Behav Immun 2022; 104:97-109. [PMID: 35661679 PMCID: PMC10243290 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2022.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to chronic adverse conditions, and the resultant activation of the neurobiological response cascade, has been associated with an increased risk of early onset of age-related disease and, recently, with an older biological age. This body of research has led to the hypothesis that exposure to stressful life experiences, when occurring repeatedly or over a prolonged period, may accelerate the rate at which the body ages. The mechanisms through which chronic psychosocial stress influences distinct biological aging pathways to alter rates of aging likely involve multiple layers in the physiological-molecular network. In this review, we integrate research using animal, human, and in vitro models to begin to delineate the distinct pathways through which chronic psychosocial stress may impact biological aging, as well as the neuroendocrine mediators (i.e., norepinephrine, epinephrine, and glucocorticoids) that may drive these effects. Findings highlight key connections between stress and aging, namely cellular metabolic activity, DNA damage, telomere length, cellular senescence, and inflammatory response patterns. We conclude with a guiding framework and conceptual model that outlines the most promising biological pathways by which chronic adverse conditions could accelerate aging and point to key missing gaps in knowledge where future research could best answer these pressing questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian R Polsky
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Kelly E Rentscher
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, United States.
| | - Judith E Carroll
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, United States
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89
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Brinkworth JF, Shaw JG. On race, human variation, and who gets and dies of sepsis. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2022. [PMCID: PMC9544695 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica F. Brinkworth
- Department of Anthropology University of Illinois Urbana‐Champaign Urbana Illinois USA
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Urbana Illinois USA
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Behavior University of Illinois Urbana‐Champaign Urbana Illinois USA
| | - J. Grace Shaw
- Department of Anthropology University of Illinois Urbana‐Champaign Urbana Illinois USA
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Urbana Illinois USA
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90
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Effect of Cytomegalovirus on the Immune System: Implications for Aging and Mental Health. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2022; 61:181-214. [PMID: 35871707 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2022_376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a major modulator of the immune system leading to long-term changes in T-lymphocytes, macrophages, and natural killer (NK) cells among others. Perhaps because of this immunomodulatory capacity, HCMV infection has been linked with a host of deleterious effects including accelerated immune aging (premature mortality, increased expression of immunosenescence-linked markers, telomere shortening, speeding-up of epigenetic "clocks"), decreased vaccine immunogenicity, and greater vulnerability to infectious diseases (e.g., tuberculosis) or infectious disease-associated pathology (e.g., HIV). Perhaps not surprisingly given the long co-evolution between HCMV and humans, the virus has also been associated with beneficial effects, such as increased vaccine responsiveness, heterologous protection against infections, and protection against relapse in the context of leukemia. Here, we provide an overview of this literature. Ultimately, we focus on one other deleterious effect of HCMV, namely the emerging literature suggesting that HCMV plays a pathophysiological role in psychiatric illness, particularly depression and schizophrenia. We discuss this literature through the lens of psychological stress and inflammation, two well-established risk factors for psychiatric illness that are also known to predispose to reactivation of HCMV.
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91
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Chen S, Fan F, Xuan FL, Yan L, Xiu M, Fan H, Cui Y, Zhang P, Yu T, Yang F, Tian B, Hong LE, Tan Y, Tian L. Monocytic Subsets Impact Cerebral Cortex and Cognition: Differences Between Healthy Subjects and Patients With First-Episode Schizophrenia. Front Immunol 2022; 13:900284. [PMID: 35898501 PMCID: PMC9309358 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.900284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Monocytes are a highly heterogeneous population subcategorized into classical, intermediate and nonclassical subsets. How monocytes and their subsets may shape brain structures and functions in schizophrenia remains unclear. The primary goal of this cross-sectional study was to investigate monocytic subsets and their specific signature genes in regulation of cerebral cortical thickness and cognitive functions in first-episode schizophrenia (FES) patients. Whole-blood RNA sequencing of 128 FES patients and 111 healthy controls (HCs) were conducted and monocyte-specific differentially expressed genes were further analyzed. The MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) test, cortical neuroimaging and flow cytometric staining of peripheral blood monocytic subsets were performed among the participants. Significant changes in expressions of 54 monocytic signature genes were found in patients, especially for intermediate and nonclassical monocytic subsets with the most outstanding alterations being downregulated S100 Calcium Binding Protein A (S100A) and upregulated Interferon Induced Transmembrane Protein (IFITM) family members, respectively. Meanwhile, percentage of blood nonclassical monocytes was decreased in patients. Cortical thicknesses and MCCB performance were expectantly reduced and weaker intra-relationships among monocytic signature genes and cortices, respectively, were noted in patients compared to HCs. Monocytic genes were negatively associated with both cortical thicknesses and cognition in HCs, which was interestingly weakened or even reversed in patients, with nonclassical monocytic genes showing the greatest statistical significance. This study reveals that while monocytes may have negative effects on brain structure and cognition, the ameliorated phenomenon observed in schizophrenia may reflect an (mal)adaptive change of monocytes at early stage of the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Chen
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fengmei Fan
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fang-Ling Xuan
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ling Yan
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Meihong Xiu
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hongzhen Fan
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yimin Cui
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Yu
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fude Yang
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Baopeng Tian
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - L. Elliot Hong
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Yunlong Tan
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Li Tian, ; Yunlong Tan,
| | - Li Tian
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- *Correspondence: Li Tian, ; Yunlong Tan,
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92
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Li C, Yan Y. Afternoon Napping Durations in Chinese Population Over 60 Years Old: Longitudinal Associations With Cognitive Performance. Front Public Health 2022; 10:911498. [PMID: 35874996 PMCID: PMC9302202 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.911498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Previous studies indicated inconsistent associations between daytime napping and cognitive decline. This study aimed to examine the associations between self-reported changes in napping and longitudinal cognitive performance. Methods A national representative sample of 4,024 participants over 60 was obtained from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study from 2011 to 2018. Afternoon napping and potential factors were collected by a questionnaire. Cognitive performance was assessed on three aspects. The generalized additive models and generalized estimating equations were used to examine relationships between daytime napping and longitudinal global cognition, and generalized linear models were used to examine the longitudinal associations between change in napping at four waves and cognition in wave 4. Results After controlling the potential confounders, participants with afternoon napping were significantly related to better global cognition than no nappers at baseline. A change from short napping to no/long napping was associated with worse cognitive performance (β = −2.593, P < 0.001). A move from no napping to short/long napping was also associated with lower cognition scores (β = −0.694, P < 0.001). For participants with moderate napping, a >30 min increase (β = −1.558, P < 0.001) in afternoon napping was associated with worse cognitive function in wave 4. Conclusion We observed that adults over 60 years old with napping <30 min per day may be at lower risk of cognitive decline. Change in napping, especially a move to extreme napping would be a risk marker underlying health conditions that impact cognition or go along with cognitive decline.
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93
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Knight JM, Taylor MR, Rentscher KE, Henley EC, Uttley HA, Nelson AM, Turcotte LM, McAndrew NS, Amonoo HL, Mohanraj L, Kelly DL, Costanzo ES. Biobehavioral Implications of Covid-19 for Transplantation and Cellular Therapy Recipients. Front Immunol 2022; 13:877558. [PMID: 35865530 PMCID: PMC9295749 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.877558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
A growing body of literature has emphasized the importance of biobehavioral processes - defined as the interaction of behavior, psychology, socioenvironmental factors, and biological processes - for clinical outcomes among transplantation and cellular therapy (TCT) patients. TCT recipients are especially vulnerable to distress associated with pandemic conditions and represent a notably immunocompromised group at greater risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection with substantially worse outcomes. The summation of both the immunologic and psychologic vulnerability of TCT patients renders them particularly susceptible to adverse biobehavioral sequelae associated with the Covid-19 pandemic. Stress and adverse psychosocial factors alter neural and endocrine pathways through sympathetic nervous system and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis signaling that ultimately affect gene regulation in immune cells. Reciprocally, global inflammation and immune dysregulation related to TCT contribute to dysregulation of neuroendocrine and central nervous system function, resulting in the symptom profile of depression, fatigue, sleep disturbance, and cognitive dysfunction. In this article, we draw upon literature on immunology, psychology, neuroscience, hematology and oncology, Covid-19 pathophysiology, and TCT processes to discuss how they may intersect to influence TCT outcomes, with the goal of providing an overview of the significance of biobehavioral factors in understanding the relationship between Covid-19 and TCT, now and for the future. We discuss the roles of depression, anxiety, fatigue, sleep, social isolation and loneliness, and neurocognitive impairment, as well as specific implications for sub-populations of interest, including pediatrics, caregivers, and TCT donors. Finally, we address protective psychological processes that may optimize biobehavioral outcomes affected by Covid-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M. Knight
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States,Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States,Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States,*Correspondence: Jennifer M. Knight,
| | - Mallory R. Taylor
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States,Palliative Care and Resilience Program, Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Kelly E. Rentscher
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Elisabeth C. Henley
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Hannah A. Uttley
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Ashley M. Nelson
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School/Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Lucie M. Turcotte
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Natalie S. McAndrew
- College of Nursing, University of Wisconsin – Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, United States,Froedtert Hospital, Froedtert & The Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Hermioni L. Amonoo
- Department of Psychosocial Oncology and Palliative Care, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States,Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Lathika Mohanraj
- Department of Adult Health and Nursing Systems, School of Nursing, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Debra Lynch Kelly
- Department of Nursing, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States,Cancer Population Science, University of Florida Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Erin S. Costanzo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
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Boaventura P, Jaconiano S, Ribeiro F. Yoga and Qigong for Health: Two Sides of the Same Coin? Behav Sci (Basel) 2022; 12:bs12070222. [PMID: 35877292 PMCID: PMC9312231 DOI: 10.3390/bs12070222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Yoga and qigong are ancient mind–body practices used in the East for thousands of years to promote inner peace and mental clarity. Both share breathing techniques and slow movements and are being used as alternative/complementary approaches to the management of disease, especially chronic problems with no effective conventional treatments. However, information comparing the health benefits of both approaches is scarce, and the choice between yoga or qigong practice may only depend on patients’ preferences or practice availability. The aim of the present paper was to overview yoga and qigong use for health benefits under different pathological conditions. Yoga and qigong seem to have similar effects, which might be expected, since both are similar mind–body approaches with the same concept of vital life-force energy and the practice of meditative movements. Problematic research issues within the literature on yoga and qigong are the small sample sizes, use of different styles, significant variance in practice duration and frequency, short duration of intervention effects, and the usage of a non-active control group, thus emphasizing the need for further high-quality randomized trials. Studies comparing yoga and qigong are warranted in order to assess differences/similarities between the two approaches for health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Boaventura
- IPATIMUP—Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal;
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- FMUP—Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence:
| | - Sónia Jaconiano
- EAAD—School of Architecture Art and Design, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal;
| | - Filipa Ribeiro
- IPATIMUP—Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal;
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
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95
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The impact of perceived stress on the hair follicle: Towards solving a psychoneuroendocrine and neuroimmunological puzzle. Front Neuroendocrinol 2022; 66:101008. [PMID: 35660551 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2022.101008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
While popular belief harbors little doubt that perceived stress can cause hair loss and premature graying, the scientific evidence for this is arguably much thinner. Here, we investigate whether these phenomena are real, and show that the cyclic growth and pigmentation of the hair follicle (HF) provides a tractable model system for dissecting how perceived stress modulates aspects of human physiology. Local production of stress-associated neurohormones and neurotrophins coalesces with neurotransmitters and neuropeptides released from HF-associated sensory and autonomic nerve endings, forming a complex local stress-response system that regulates perifollicular neurogenic inflammation, interacts with the HF microbiome and controls mitochondrial function. This local system integrates into the central stress response systems, allowing the study of systemic stress responses affecting organ function by quantifying stress mediator content of hair. Focusing on selected mediators in this "brain-HF axis" under stress conditions, we distill general principles of HF dysfunction induced by perceived stress.
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96
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Joseph PL. Managing health in inequitable contexts: Health capacities as integral to life course health development. New Dir Child Adolesc Dev 2022; 2022:145-168. [PMID: 35653299 DOI: 10.1002/cad.20464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Health behavior models are widely used in prevention research with children and adolescents; yet, many of these models were developed based on adult experiences and fail to consider the development of health constructs. The concept of health capacity development is a theoretical model of how health capacities, the health-related developmental sociocultural resources individuals use to regulate their coactions with their environments to sustain health, develop. Health capacities are formed through person-environment transactions and thus, are informed by, and help individuals manage, the opportunities and constraints situated in their environments. The extent to which health capacities support long-term adaptive health development varies; yet, health capacities may be leveraged for adaptative functioning. Grounded in the Life Course Health Development (LCHD) framework and the principles of Relational Developmental Systems (RDS) metatheory, the development of three health capacities, their role in managing person-environment coactions, and their potential for facilitating displays of resilient functioning in inequitable contexts are described. Implications of the model, its limitations, and avenues for future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrece L Joseph
- Eliot-Pearson Department of Child Study and Human Development, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, USA
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97
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Insomnia, sleep loss, and circadian sleep disturbances in mood disorders: a pathway toward neurodegeneration and neuroprogression? A theoretical review. CNS Spectr 2022; 27:298-308. [PMID: 33427150 DOI: 10.1017/s1092852921000018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The present paper aims at reviewing and commenting on the relationships between sleep and circadian phasing alterations and neurodegenerative/neuroprogressive processes in mood disorder. We carried out a systematic review, according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, in PubMed, PsycINFO, and Embase electronic databases for literature related to mood disorders, sleep disturbances, and neurodegenerative/neuroprogressive processes in relation to (1) neuroinflammation, (2) activation of the stress system, (3) oxidative stress, (4) accumulation of neurotoxic proteins, and (5) neuroprotection deficit. Seventy articles were collectively selected and analyzed. Experimental and clinical studies revealed that insomnia, conditions of sleep loss, and altered circadian sleep may favor neurodegeneration and neuroprogression in mood disorders. These sleep disturbances may induce a state of chronic inflammation by enhancing neuroinflammation, both directly and indirectly, via microglia and astrocytes activation. They may act as neurobiological stressors that by over-activating the stress system may negatively influence neural plasticity causing neuronal damage. In addition, sleep disturbances may favor the accumulation of neurotoxic proteins, favor oxidative stress, and a deficit in neuroprotection hence contributing to neurodegeneration and neuroprogression. Targeting sleep disturbances in the clinical practice may hold a neuroprotective value for mood disorders.
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98
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Song J, Wei L, Cheng K, Lin Q, Xia P, Wang X, Wang X, Yang T, Chen B, Ding A, Sun M, Chen A, Li X. The Effect of Modified Tai Chi Exercises on the Physical Function and Quality of Life in Elderly Women With Knee Osteoarthritis. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:860762. [PMID: 35721018 PMCID: PMC9204295 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.860762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is the leading cause of pain and stiffness, affecting older adults’ physical function and quality of life. As a form of mind-body exercise, Tai Chi has been recommended as an exercise prescription for KOA patients. This study examined the effects and continuation of modified Tai Chi exercises on physical function and quality of life in elderly women with KOA. Methods We conducted a single-blind, randomized controlled trial (RCT) on 40 older women with KOA. The participants were randomized to a 12 weeks Tai Chi or control group. The Tai Chi group attended a kind of modified Tai Chi training sessions three times per week; the control group attended wellness education sessions once a week. The primary outcome was the Western Ontario and McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC). Secondary outcomes were the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Timed Up and Go (TUG), Short-Form 36 (SF-36), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality of Index (PSQI), Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), and Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS). Results After the 12-weeks the Tai Chi group showed significan improvement in the WOMAC pain (mean difference, −5.09 points, p = 0.001), WOMAC stiffness (mean difference, −3.60 points, p = 0.002), WOMAC physical function (mean difference, −11.21 points, p = 0.001) compared to the control group. In addition, the Tai Chi group had also significant improvement in the BBS (mean difference, 1.70 points, p = 0.008), TUG (mean difference, −0.52s, p = 0.001), SF-36PCS (mean difference, 7.60 points, p = 0.001), MCS (mean difference, 7.30 points, p = 0.001), PSQI (mean difference, −3.71 points, p = 0.001), SDS (mean difference, −5.37 points, p = 0.025) and SAS (mean difference, −5.06 points, p = 0.002). Conclusion The modified Tai Chi exercises are an effective treatment for improved physical function and quality of life in elderly women with KOA. Clinical Trial Registration The trial was registered in Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2000040721), http://www.chictr.org.cn/edit.aspx?pid=65419&htm=4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiulong Song
- Department of Sports and Health, Nanjing Sport Institute, Nanjing, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lijun Wei
- Maigaoqiao Community Health Service Center, Nanjing, China
| | - Kai Cheng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiang Lin
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Peng Xia
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinwei Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoju Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ting Yang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Baoyi Chen
- Maigaoqiao Community Health Service Center, Nanjing, China
| | - Aimei Ding
- Maigaoqiao Community Health Service Center, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingyi Sun
- Department of Tourism and Social Management, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing, China
| | - Anliang Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Anliang Chen Xueping Li
| | - Xueping Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Anliang Chen Xueping Li
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99
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Berisha A, Shutkind K, Borniger JC. Sleep Disruption and Cancer: Chicken or the Egg? Front Neurosci 2022; 16:856235. [PMID: 35663547 PMCID: PMC9160986 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.856235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep is a nearly ubiquitous phenomenon across the phylogenetic tree, highlighting its essential role in ensuring fitness across evolutionary time. Consequently, chronic disruption of the duration, timing, or structure of sleep can cause widespread problems in multiple physiological systems, including those that regulate energy balance, immune function, and cognitive capacity, among others. Many, if not all these systems, become altered throughout the course of cancer initiation, growth, metastatic spread, treatment, and recurrence. Recent work has demonstrated how changes in sleep influence the development of chronic diseases, including cancer, in both humans and animal models. A common finding is that for some cancers (e.g., breast), chronic disruption of sleep/wake states prior to disease onset is associated with an increased risk for cancer development. Additionally, sleep disruption after cancer initiation is often associated with worse outcomes. Recently, evidence suggesting that cancer itself can affect neuronal circuits controlling sleep and wakefulness has accumulated. Patients with cancer often report difficulty falling asleep, difficulty staying asleep, and severe fatigue, during and even years after treatment. In addition to the psychological stress associated with cancer, cancer itself may alter sleep homeostasis through changes to host physiology and via currently undefined mechanisms. Moreover, cancer treatments (e.g., chemotherapy, radiation, hormonal, and surgical) may further worsen sleep problems through complex biological processes yet to be fully understood. This results in a “chicken or the egg” phenomenon, where it is unclear whether sleep disruption promotes cancer or cancer reciprocally disrupts sleep. This review will discuss existing evidence for both hypotheses and present a framework through which the interactions between sleep and cancer can be dissociated and causally investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Berisha
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, United States
| | - Kyle Shutkind
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, United States
| | - Jeremy C. Borniger
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Jeremy C. Borniger,
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Cattaneo M, Halasz G, Cattaneo MM, Younes A, Gallino C, Sudano I, Gallino A. The Central Nervous System and Psychosocial Factors in Primary Microvascular Angina. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:896042. [PMID: 35647077 PMCID: PMC9136057 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.896042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients diagnosed with ischemia without obstructive coronary artery disease (INOCA) comprise the group of patients with primary microvascular angina (MVA). The pathophysiology underlying ischemia and angina is multifaceted. Differences in vascular tone, collateralization, environmental and psychosocial factors, pain thresholds, and cardiac innervation seem to contribute to clinical manifestations. There is evidence suggesting potential interactions between the clinical manifestations of MVA and non-cardiac conditions such as abnormal function of the central autonomic network (CAN) in the central nervous system (CNS), pain modulation pathways, and psychological, psychiatric, and social conditions. A few unconventional non-pharmacological and pharmacological techniques targeting these psychosocial conditions and modulating the CNS pathways have been proposed to improve symptoms and quality of life. Most of these unconventional approaches have shown encouraging results. However, these results are overall characterized by low levels of evidence both in observational studies and interventional trials. Awareness of the importance of microvascular dysfunction and MVA is gradually growing in the scientific community. Nonetheless, therapeutic success remains frustratingly low in clinical practice so far. This should promote basic and clinical research in this relevant cardiovascular field investigating, both pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions. Standardization of definitions, clear pathophysiological-directed inclusion criteria, crossover design, adequate sample size, and mid-term follow-up through multicenter randomized trials are mandatory for future study in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Cattaneo
- Cardiology Department, Istituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano, Switzerland
- Human Medicine Department, Università della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Hospital of San Giovanni, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Mattia Cattaneo ;
| | - Geza Halasz
- Heart Failure Unit, Guglielmo da Saliceto Hospital, Azienda unità sanitaria locale (AUSL) Piacenza, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Magdalena Maria Cattaneo
- Human Medicine Department, Università della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Hospital of San Giovanni, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Adel Younes
- Cardiology Department, Istituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Camilla Gallino
- Human Medicine Department, Università della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Hospital of San Giovanni, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Isabella Sudano
- Human Medicine Department, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Cardiology Department, University Hospital, University Heart Center Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Augusto Gallino
- Human Medicine Department, Università della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Hospital of San Giovanni, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Human Medicine Department, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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