51
|
Inflammation, metaflammation and immunometabolic disorders. Nature 2017; 542:177-185. [PMID: 28179656 DOI: 10.1038/nature21363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1322] [Impact Index Per Article: 188.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Proper regulation and management of energy, substrate diversity and quantity, as well as macromolecular synthesis and breakdown processes, are fundamental to cellular and organismal survival and are paramount to health. Cellular and multicellular organization are defended by the immune response, a robust and critical system through which self is distinguished from non-self, pathogenic signals are recognized and eliminated, and tissue homeostasis is safeguarded. Many layers of evolutionarily conserved interactions occur between immune response and metabolism. Proper maintenance of this delicate balance is crucial for health and has important implications for many pathological states such as obesity, diabetes, and other chronic non-communicable diseases.
Collapse
|
52
|
Suárez-García S, del Bas JM, Caimari A, Escorihuela RM, Arola L, Suárez M. Impact of a cafeteria diet and daily physical training on the rat serum metabolome. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171970. [PMID: 28192465 PMCID: PMC5305073 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Regular physical activity and healthy dietary patterns are commonly recommended for the prevention and treatment of metabolic syndrome (MetS), which is diagnosed at an alarmingly increasing rate, especially among adolescents. Nevertheless, little is known regarding the relevance of physical exercise on the modulation of the metabolome in healthy people and those with MetS. We have previously shown that treadmill exercise ameliorated different symptoms of MetS. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of a MetS-inducing diet and different intensities of aerobic training on the overall serum metabolome of adolescent rats. For 8 weeks, young rats were fed either standard chow (ST) or cafeteria diet (CAF) and were subjected to a daily program of training on a treadmill at different speeds. Non-targeted metabolomics was used to identify changes in circulating metabolites, and a combination of multivariate analysis techniques was implemented to achieve a holistic understanding of the metabolome. Among all the identified circulating metabolites influenced by CAF, lysophosphatidylcholines were the most represented family. Serum sphingolipids, bile acids, acylcarnitines, unsaturated fatty acids and vitamin E and A derivatives also changed significantly in CAF-fed rats. These findings suggest that an enduring systemic inflammatory state is induced by CAF. The impact of physical training on the metabolome was less striking than the impact of diet and mainly altered circulating bile acids and glycerophospholipids. Furthermore, the serum levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 were increased in CAF-fed rats, and C-reactive protein was decreased in trained groups. The leptin/adiponectin ratio, a useful marker of MetS, was increased in CAF groups, but decreased in proportion to training intensity. Multivariate analysis revealed that ST-fed animals were more susceptible to exercise-induced changes in metabolites than animals with MetS, in which moderate-intensity seems more effective than high-intensity training. Our results indicate that CAF has a strong negative impact on the metabolome of animals that is difficult to reverse by daily exercise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susana Suárez-García
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Nutrigenomics Research Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Josep M. del Bas
- Technological Unit of Nutrition and Health, EURECAT-Technological Center of Catalonia, Reus, Spain
| | - Antoni Caimari
- Technological Unit of Nutrition and Health, EURECAT-Technological Center of Catalonia, Reus, Spain
| | - Rosa M. Escorihuela
- Institut de Neurociències, Departament de Psiquiatria i Medicina Legal, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lluís Arola
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Nutrigenomics Research Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
- Technological Unit of Nutrition and Health, EURECAT-Technological Center of Catalonia, Reus, Spain
| | - Manuel Suárez
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Nutrigenomics Research Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Srinivasan S, Guha M, Kashina A, Avadhani NG. Mitochondrial dysfunction and mitochondrial dynamics-The cancer connection. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2017; 1858:602-614. [PMID: 28104365 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark of many diseases. The retrograde signaling initiated by dysfunctional mitochondria can bring about global changes in gene expression that alters cell morphology and function. Typically, this is attributed to disruption of important mitochondrial functions, such as ATP production, integration of metabolism, calcium homeostasis and regulation of apoptosis. Recent studies showed that in addition to these factors, mitochondrial dynamics might play an important role in stress signaling. Normal mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles whose size, shape and network are controlled by cell physiology. Defective mitochondrial dynamics play important roles in human diseases. Mitochondrial DNA defects and defective mitochondrial function have been reported in many cancers. Recent studies show that increased mitochondrial fission is a pro-tumorigenic phenotype. In this paper, we have explored the current understanding of the role of mitochondrial dynamics in pathologies. We present new data on mitochondrial dynamics and dysfunction to illustrate a causal link between mitochondrial DNA defects, excessive fission, mitochondrial retrograde signaling and cancer progression. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Mitochondria in Cancer, edited by Giuseppe Gasparre, Rodrigue Rossignol and Pierre Sonveaux.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satish Srinivasan
- The Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3800 Spruce Street, #189E, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Manti Guha
- The Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3800 Spruce Street, #189E, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Anna Kashina
- The Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3800 Spruce Street, #189E, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Narayan G Avadhani
- The Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3800 Spruce Street, #189E, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Zhang A, Sun H, Wang X. Emerging role and recent applications of metabolomics biomarkers in obesity disease research. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra28715h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolomics is a promising approach for the identification of metabolites which serve for early diagnosis, prediction of therapeutic response and prognosis of disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aihua Zhang
- Metabolomics Laboratory
- Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center
- National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry
- Chinmedomics Research Center of State Administration of TCM
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis
| | - Hui Sun
- Metabolomics Laboratory
- Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center
- National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry
- Chinmedomics Research Center of State Administration of TCM
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis
| | - Xijun Wang
- Metabolomics Laboratory
- Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center
- National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry
- Chinmedomics Research Center of State Administration of TCM
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Al‐Bakheit A, Traka M, Saha S, Mithen R, Melchini A. Accumulation of Palmitoylcarnitine and Its Effect on Pro-Inflammatory Pathways and Calcium Influx in Prostate Cancer. Prostate 2016; 76:1326-37. [PMID: 27403764 PMCID: PMC4996340 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acylcarnitines are intermediates of fatty acid oxidation and accumulate as a consequence of the metabolic dysfunction resulting from the insufficient integration between β-oxidation and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. The aim of this study was to investigate whether acylcarnitines accumulate in prostate cancer tissue, and whether their biological actions could be similar to those of dihydrotestosterone (DHT), a structurally related compound associated with cancer development. METHODS Levels of palmitoylcarnitine (palcar), a C16:00 acylcarnitine, were measured in prostate tissue using LC-MS/MS. The effect of palcar on inflammatory cytokines and calcium (Ca(2+) ) influx was investigated in in vitro models of prostate cancer. RESULTS We observed a significantly higher level of palcar in prostate cancerous tissue compared to benign tissue. High levels of palcar have been associated with increased gene expression and secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 in cancerous PC3 cells, compared to normal PNT1A cells. Furthermore, we found that high levels of palcar induced a rapid Ca(2+) influx in PC3 cells, but not in DU145, BPH-1, or PNT1A cells. This pattern of Ca(2+) influx was also observed in response to DHT. Through the use of whole genome arrays we demonstrated that PNT1A cells exposed to palcar or DHT have a similar biological response. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that palcar might act as a potential mediator for prostate cancer progression through its effect on (i) pro-inflammatory pathways, (ii) Ca(2+) influx, and (iii) DHT-like effects. Further studies need to be undertaken to explore whether this class of compounds has different biological functions at physiological and pathological levels. Prostate 76:1326-1337, 2016. © 2016 The Authors. The Prostate published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ala'a Al‐Bakheit
- Department of Nutrition and Food SciencesAl‐Balqa’ Applied UniversityAl‐SaltJordan
| | - Maria Traka
- Food and Health ProgrammeInstitute of Food ResearchNorwichUnited Kingdom
| | - Shikha Saha
- Food and Health ProgrammeInstitute of Food ResearchNorwichUnited Kingdom
| | - Richard Mithen
- Food and Health ProgrammeInstitute of Food ResearchNorwichUnited Kingdom
| | | |
Collapse
|
56
|
Li F, Wang P, Liu K, Tarrago MG, Lu J, Chini EN, Ma X. A High Dose of Isoniazid Disturbs Endobiotic Homeostasis in Mouse Liver. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 44:1742-1751. [PMID: 27531952 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.116.070920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Overdose of isoniazid (INH), an antituberculosis drug, can be life-threatening because of neurotoxicity. In clinical practice for management of INH overdose and acute toxicity, the potential of INH-induced hepatotoxicity is also considered. However, the biochemical basis of acute INH toxicity in the liver remains elusive. In the current study, we used an untargeted metabolomic approach to explore the acute effects of INH on endobiotic homeostasis in mouse liver. We found that overdose of INH resulted in accumulation of oleoyl-l-carnitine and linoleoyl-l-carnitine in the liver, indicating mitochondrial dysfunction. We also revealed the interactions between INH and fatty acyl-CoAs by identifying INH-fatty acid amides. In addition, we found that overdose of INH led to the accumulation of heme and oxidized NAD in the liver. We also identified an INH and NAD adduct in the liver. In this adduct, the nicotinamide moiety in NAD was replaced by INH. Furthermore, we illustrated that overdose of INH depleted vitamin B6 in the liver and blocked vitamin B6-dependent cystathionine degradation. These data suggest that INH interacts with multiple biochemical pathways in the liver during acute poisoning caused by INH overdose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Li
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Alkek Center for Molecular Discovery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas (F.L.); Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (P.W., K.L., J.L., X.M.), Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Department of Anesthesiology and Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota (M.G.T., E.N.C.)
| | - Pengcheng Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Alkek Center for Molecular Discovery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas (F.L.); Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (P.W., K.L., J.L., X.M.), Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Department of Anesthesiology and Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota (M.G.T., E.N.C.)
| | - Ke Liu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Alkek Center for Molecular Discovery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas (F.L.); Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (P.W., K.L., J.L., X.M.), Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Department of Anesthesiology and Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota (M.G.T., E.N.C.)
| | - Mariana G Tarrago
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Alkek Center for Molecular Discovery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas (F.L.); Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (P.W., K.L., J.L., X.M.), Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Department of Anesthesiology and Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota (M.G.T., E.N.C.)
| | - Jie Lu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Alkek Center for Molecular Discovery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas (F.L.); Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (P.W., K.L., J.L., X.M.), Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Department of Anesthesiology and Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota (M.G.T., E.N.C.)
| | - Eduardo N Chini
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Alkek Center for Molecular Discovery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas (F.L.); Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (P.W., K.L., J.L., X.M.), Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Department of Anesthesiology and Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota (M.G.T., E.N.C.)
| | - Xiaochao Ma
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Alkek Center for Molecular Discovery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas (F.L.); Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (P.W., K.L., J.L., X.M.), Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Department of Anesthesiology and Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota (M.G.T., E.N.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Moran B, Cummins SB, Creevey CJ, Butler ST. Transcriptomics of liver and muscle in Holstein cows genetically divergent for fertility highlight differences in nutrient partitioning and inflammation processes. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:603. [PMID: 27514375 PMCID: PMC4982134 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-2938-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The transition between pregnancy and lactation is a major physiological change for dairy cows. Complex systemic and local processes involving regulation of energy balance, galactopoiesis, utilisation of body reserves, insulin resistance, resumption of oestrous cyclicity and involution of the uterus can affect animal productivity and hence farm profitability. Here we used an established Holstein dairy cow model of fertility that displayed genetic and phenotypic divergence in calving interval. Cows had similar genetic merit for milk production traits, but either very good genetic merit for fertility traits (‘Fert+’; n = 8) or very poor genetic merit for fertility traits (‘Fert-’; n = 8). We used RNA sequencing to investigate gene expression profiles in both liver and muscle tissue biopsies at three distinct time-points: late pregnancy, early lactation and mid lactation (-18, 1 and 147 days relative to parturition, respectively). Results We found 807 and 815 unique genes to be differentially expressed in at least one time-point in liver and muscle respectively, of which 79 % and 83 % were only found in a single time-point; 40 and 41 genes were found differentially expressed at every time-point indicating possible systemic or chronic dysregulation. Functional annotation of all differentially expressed genes highlighted two physiological processes that were impacted at every time-point in the study, These were immune and inflammation, and metabolic, lipid and carbohydrate-binding. Conclusion These pathways have previously been identified by other researchers. We show that several specific genes which are differentially regulated, including IGF-1, might impact dairy fertility. We postulate that an increased burden of reactive oxidation species, coupled with a chronic inflammatory state, might reduce dairy cow fertility in our model. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-016-2938-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruce Moran
- Teagasc, Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Grange, Dunsany, Co. Meath, Ireland.,UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Sean B Cummins
- Teagasc, Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Christopher J Creevey
- Teagasc, Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Grange, Dunsany, Co. Meath, Ireland.,Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, SY23 3FG, UK
| | - Stephen T Butler
- Teagasc, Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Devanathan S, Whitehead TD, Fettig N, Gropler RJ, Nemanich S, Shoghi KI. Sexual dimorphism in myocardial acylcarnitine and triglyceride metabolism. Biol Sex Differ 2016; 7:25. [PMID: 27182432 PMCID: PMC4866274 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-016-0077-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death among diabetic patients. Importantly, recent data highlight the apparent sexual dimorphism in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease in diabetics with respect to both frequency- and age-related risk factors. The disposition to cardiovascular disease among diabetic patients has been attributed, at least in part, to excess lipid supply to the heart culminating in lipotoxicity of the heart and downstream derangements. A confounding factor in obese animal models of diabetes is that increased peripheral lipid availability to the heart can induce cardio-metabolic remodeling independent of the underlying pathophysiology of diabetes, thus masking the diabetic phenotype. To that end, we hypothesized that the use of non-obese diabetic (NOD) animal models will reveal metabolic signatures of diabetes in a sex-specific manner. Methods To test this hypothesis, male and female NOD Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats were used to assess the expression profile of 84 genes involved in lipid metabolism. In parallel, targeted lipidomics analysis was performed to characterize sex differences in homeostasis of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), acylcarnitines (AC), and triglycerides (TG). Results Our analysis revealed significant sex differences in the expression of a broad range of genes involved in transport, activation, and utilization of lipids. Furthermore, NOD male rats exhibited enhanced oxidative metabolism and accumulation of TG, whereas female NOD rats exhibited reduced TG content coupled with accumulation of AC species. Multi-dimensional statistical analysis identified saturated AC16:0, AC18:0, and AC20:0 as dominant metabolites in mediating sex differences in AC metabolism. Confocal microscopy of rat cardiomyocytes exposed to AC14:0, AC16:0, and AC18:0 confirmed induction of ROS with AC18:0 being more potent followed by AC14:0. Conclusion Overall, we demonstrate sex differences in myocardial AC and TG metabolism with implications for therapy and diagnosis of diabetic cardiovascular disease. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13293-016-0077-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sriram Devanathan
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, 510 South Kingshighway Blvd., Campus Box 8225, Saint Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Timothy D Whitehead
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, 510 South Kingshighway Blvd., Campus Box 8225, Saint Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Nicole Fettig
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, 510 South Kingshighway Blvd., Campus Box 8225, Saint Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Robert J Gropler
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, 510 South Kingshighway Blvd., Campus Box 8225, Saint Louis, MO 63110 USA.,Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, 510 South Kingshighway Blvd., Campus Box 8225, Saint Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Samuel Nemanich
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, 510 South Kingshighway Blvd., Campus Box 8225, Saint Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Kooresh I Shoghi
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, 510 South Kingshighway Blvd., Campus Box 8225, Saint Louis, MO 63110 USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, 510 South Kingshighway Blvd., Campus Box 8225, Saint Louis, MO 63110 USA.,Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, 510 South Kingshighway Blvd., Campus Box 8225, Saint Louis, MO 63110 USA
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Qin Y, Sundaram S, Essaid L, Chen X, Miller SM, Yan F, Darr DB, Galanko JA, Montgomery SA, Major MB, Johnson GL, Troester MA, Makowski L. Weight loss reduces basal-like breast cancer through kinome reprogramming. Cancer Cell Int 2016; 16:26. [PMID: 27042159 PMCID: PMC4818517 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-016-0300-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is associated with an aggressive subtype of breast cancer called basal-like breast cancer (BBC). BBC has no targeted therapies, making the need for mechanistic insight urgent. Reducing adiposity in adulthood can lower incidence of BBC in humans. Thus, this study investigated whether a dietary intervention to reduce adiposity prior to tumor onset would reverse HFD-induced BBC. METHODS Adult C3(1)-Tag mice were fed a low or high fat diet (LFD, HFD), and an obese group initially exposed to HFD was then switched to LFD to induce weight loss. A subset of mice was sacrificed prior to average tumor latency to examine unaffected mammary gland. Latency, tumor burden and progression was evaluated for effect of diet exposure. Physiologic, histology and proteomic analysis was undertaken to determine mechanisms regulating obesity and weight loss in BBC risk. Statistical analysis included Kaplan-Meier and log rank analysis to investigate latency. Student's t tests or ANOVA compared variables. RESULTS Mice that lost weight displayed significantly delayed latency compared to mice fed HFD, with latency matching those on LFD. Plasma leptin concentrations significantly increased with adiposity, were reduced to control levels with weight loss, and negatively correlated with tumor latency. HFD increased atypical ductal hyperplasia and ductal carcinoma in situ in mammary gland isolated prior to mean latency-a phenomenon that was lost in mice induced to lose weight. Importantly, kinome analysis revealed that weight loss reversed HFD-upregulated activity of PKC-α, PKD1, PKA, and MEK3 and increased AMPKα activity in unaffected mammary glands isolated prior to tumor latency. CONCLUSIONS Weight loss prior to tumor onset protected against the effects of HFD on latency and pre-neoplastic lesions including atypical ductal hyperplasia and DCIS. Using innovative kinomics, multiple kinases upstream of MAPK/P38α were demonstrated to be activated by HFD-induced weight gain and reversed with weight loss, providing novel targets in obesity-associated BBC. Thus, the HFD-exposed microenvironment that promoted early tumor onset was reprogrammed by weight loss and the restoration of a lean phenotype. Our work contributes to an understanding of underlying mechanisms associated with tumor and normal mammary changes that occur with weight loss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Qin
- />CB 7461, Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2203 McGavran Greenberg Hall, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7461 USA
| | - Sneha Sundaram
- />CB 7461, Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2203 McGavran Greenberg Hall, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7461 USA
| | - Luma Essaid
- />CB 7461, Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2203 McGavran Greenberg Hall, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7461 USA
| | - Xin Chen
- />Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Samantha M. Miller
- />Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Feng Yan
- />Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - David B. Darr
- />Mouse Phase I Unit, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Joseph A. Galanko
- />Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Stephanie A. Montgomery
- />Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Michael B. Major
- />Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Gary L. Johnson
- />Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC USA
- />Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Melissa A. Troester
- />Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC USA
- />Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Liza Makowski
- />CB 7461, Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2203 McGavran Greenberg Hall, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7461 USA
- />Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Cafeteria diet-induced obesity causes oxidative damage in white adipose. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 473:545-50. [PMID: 27033600 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.03.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Obesity continues to be one of the most prominent public health dilemmas in the world. The complex interaction among the varied causes of obesity makes it a particularly challenging problem to address. While typical high-fat purified diets successfully induce weight gain in rodents, we have described a more robust model of diet-induced obesity based on feeding rats a diet consisting of highly palatable, energy-dense human junk foods - the "cafeteria" diet (CAF, 45-53% kcal from fat). We previously reported that CAF-fed rats became hyperphagic, gained more weight, and developed more severe hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia, and glucose intolerance compared to the lard-based 45% kcal from fat high fat diet-fed group. In addition, the CAF diet-fed group displayed a higher degree of inflammation in adipose and liver, mitochondrial dysfunction, and an increased concentration of lipid-derived, pro-inflammatory mediators. Building upon our previous findings, we aimed to determine mechanisms that underlie physiologic findings in the CAF diet. We investigated the effect of CAF diet-induced obesity on adipose tissue specifically using expression arrays and immunohistochemistry. Genomic evidence indicated the CAF diet induced alterations in the white adipose gene transcriptome, with notable suppression of glutathione-related genes and pathways involved in mitigating oxidative stress. Immunohistochemical analysis indicated a doubling in adipose lipid peroxidation marker 4-HNE levels compared to rats that remained lean on control standard chow diet. Our data indicates that the CAF diet drives an increase in oxidative damage in white adipose tissue that may affect tissue homeostasis. Oxidative stress drives activation of inflammatory kinases that can perturb insulin signaling leading to glucose intolerance and diabetes.
Collapse
|
61
|
Totsch SK, Waite ME, Tomkovich A, Quinn TL, Gower BA, Sorge RE. Total Western Diet Alters Mechanical and Thermal Sensitivity and Prolongs Hypersensitivity Following Complete Freund's Adjuvant in Mice. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2015; 17:119-25. [PMID: 26597348 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2015.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Obesity and chronic pain are often comorbid and their rates are increasing. It is unknown whether increased pain is caused by greater weight or poor diet quality or both. Therefore, we utilized a Total Western Diet (TWD) to investigate the functional and physiologic consequences of nutritionally poor diet in mice. For 13 weeks on the commercially available TWD, based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, thresholds of TWD-fed mice significantly increased in both thermal and mechanical tests. Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging revealed a significant increase in fat mass with a concomitant decrease in lean mass in the TWD-fed mice. In addition, there were significant increases in levels of serum leptin and inflammatory cytokines. After chronic pain induction using complete Freund's adjuvant, hypersensitivity was more pronounced and significantly prolonged in the TWD-fed mice. Therefore, prolonged exposure to poor diet quality resulted in altered acute nociceptive sensitivity, systemic inflammation, and persistent pain after inflammatory pain induction. PERSPECTIVE These results highlight the negative effects of poor diet quality with respect to recovery from hypersensitivity and susceptibility to chronic pain. A complete understanding of the impact of diet can aid in treatment and recovery dynamics in human clinical patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stacie K Totsch
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Megan E Waite
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Ashleigh Tomkovich
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Tammie L Quinn
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Barbara A Gower
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Robert E Sorge
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Boulet MM, Chevrier G, Grenier-Larouche T, Pelletier M, Nadeau M, Scarpa J, Prehn C, Marette A, Adamski J, Tchernof A. Alterations of plasma metabolite profiles related to adipose tissue distribution and cardiometabolic risk. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2015; 309:E736-46. [PMID: 26306599 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00231.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Metabolomic profiling of obese individuals revealed altered concentrations of many metabolites, especially branched-chain amino acids (BCAA), possibly linked to altered adipose tissue BCAA catabolism. We tested the hypothesis that some features of this metabolite signature relate closely to visceral obesity and concomitant alterations in cardiometabolic risk factors. We also postulated that alterations in BCAA-catabolizing enzymes are predominant in visceral adipose tissue. Fifty-nine women (BMI 20-41 kg/m(2)) undergoing gynecologic surgery were recruited and characterized for overall and regional adiposity, blood metabolite levels using targeted metabolomics, and cardiometabolic risk factors. Adipose samples (visceral and subcutaneous) were obtained and used for gene expression and Western blot analyses. Obese women had significantly higher circulating BCAA and kynurenine/tryptophan (Kyn/Trp) ratio than lean or overweight women (P < 0.01). Principal component analysis confirmed that factors related to AA and the Kyn/Trp ratio were positively associated with BMI, fat mass, visceral or subcutaneous adipose tissue area, and subcutaneous adipocyte size (P ≤ 0.05). AA-related factor was positively associated with HOMA-IR (P ≤ 0.01). Factors reflecting glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids levels were mostly associated with altered blood lipid concentrations (P ≤ 0.05). Glutamate level was the strongest independent predictor of visceral adipose tissue area (r = 0.46, P < 0.001). Obese women had lower expression and protein levels of BCAA-catabolizing enzymes in visceral adipose tissue than overweight or lean women (P ≤ 0.05). We conclude that among metabolites altered in obesity plasma concentrations of BCAA and the Kyn/Trp ratio are closely related to increased adiposity. Alterations in expression and protein levels of BCAA-catabolizing enzymes are predominant in visceral adipose tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Michèle Boulet
- Endocrinology and Nephrology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Quebec, Quebec City, Canada; School of Nutrition, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada; Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Quebec City, Canada
| | | | | | - Mélissa Pelletier
- Endocrinology and Nephrology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Quebec, Quebec City, Canada
| | | | - Julia Scarpa
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Genome Analysis Center, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Cornelia Prehn
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Genome Analysis Center, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - André Marette
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Jerzy Adamski
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Genome Analysis Center, Neuherberg, Germany; Lehrstuhl für Experimentelle Genetik, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany; and German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - André Tchernof
- Endocrinology and Nephrology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Quebec, Quebec City, Canada; School of Nutrition, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada; Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Quebec City, Canada;
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Abstract
Perturbations in metabolic pathways can cause substantial increases in plasma and tissue concentrations of long-chain acylcarnitines (LCACs). For example, the levels of LCACs and other acylcarnitines rise in the blood and muscle during exercise, as changes in tissue pools of acyl-coenzyme A reflect accelerated fuel flux that is incompletely coupled to mitochondrial energy demand and capacity of the tricarboxylic acid cycle. This natural ebb and flow of acylcarnitine generation and accumulation contrasts with that of inherited fatty acid oxidation disorders (FAODs), cardiac ischaemia or type 2 diabetes mellitus. These conditions are characterized by very high (FAODs, ischaemia) or modestly increased (type 2 diabetes mellitus) tissue and blood levels of LCACs. Although specific plasma concentrations of LCACs and chain-lengths are widely used as diagnostic markers of FAODs, research into the potential effects of excessive LCAC accumulation or the roles of acylcarnitines as physiological modulators of cell metabolism is lacking. Nevertheless, a growing body of evidence has highlighted possible effects of LCACs on disparate aspects of pathophysiology, such as cardiac ischaemia outcomes, insulin sensitivity and inflammation. This Review, therefore, aims to provide a theoretical framework for the potential consequences of tissue build-up of LCACs among individuals with metabolic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Colin S McCoin
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Trina A Knotts
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, 1089 Veterinary Medicine Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Sean H Adams
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 15 Children's Way, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Otsubo C, Bharathi S, Uppala R, Ilkayeva OR, Wang D, McHugh K, Zou Y, Wang J, Alcorn JF, Zuo YY, Hirschey MD, Goetzman ES. Long-chain Acylcarnitines Reduce Lung Function by Inhibiting Pulmonary Surfactant. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:23897-904. [PMID: 26240137 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.655837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of mitochondrial energy metabolism in maintaining lung function is not understood. We previously observed reduced lung function in mice lacking the fatty acid oxidation enzyme long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (LCAD). Here, we demonstrate that long-chain acylcarnitines, a class of lipids secreted by mitochondria when metabolism is inhibited, accumulate at the air-fluid interface in LCAD(-/-) lungs. Acylcarnitine accumulation is exacerbated by stress such as influenza infection or by dietary supplementation with l-carnitine. Long-chain acylcarnitines co-localize with pulmonary surfactant, a unique film of phospholipids and proteins that reduces surface tension and prevents alveolar collapse during breathing. In vitro, the long-chain species palmitoylcarnitine directly inhibits the surface adsorption of pulmonary surfactant as well as its ability to reduce surface tension. Treatment of LCAD(-/-) mice with mildronate, a drug that inhibits carnitine synthesis, eliminates acylcarnitines and improves lung function. Finally, acylcarnitines are detectable in normal human lavage fluid. Thus, long-chain acylcarnitines may represent a risk factor for lung injury in humans with dysfunctional fatty acid oxidation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chikara Otsubo
- From the Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224
| | - Sivakama Bharathi
- From the Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224
| | - Radha Uppala
- From the Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224
| | - Olga R Ilkayeva
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27701, and
| | - Dongning Wang
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27701, and
| | - Kevin McHugh
- From the Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224
| | - Ye Zou
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822
| | - Jieru Wang
- From the Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224
| | - John F Alcorn
- From the Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224
| | - Yi Y Zuo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822
| | - Matthew D Hirschey
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27701, and
| | - Eric S Goetzman
- From the Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224,
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
Butte NF, Liu Y, Zakeri IF, Mohney RP, Mehta N, Voruganti VS, Göring H, Cole SA, Comuzzie AG. Global metabolomic profiling targeting childhood obesity in the Hispanic population. Am J Clin Nutr 2015; 102:256-67. [PMID: 26085512 PMCID: PMC4515872 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.115.111872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolomics may unravel important biological pathways involved in the pathophysiology of childhood obesity. OBJECTIVES We aimed to 1) identify metabolites that differ significantly between nonobese and obese Hispanic children; 2) collapse metabolites into principal components (PCs) associated with obesity and metabolic risk, specifically hyperinsulinemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hyperleptinemia, and hyperuricemia; and 3) identify metabolites associated with energy expenditure and fat oxidation. DESIGN This trial was a cross-sectional observational study of metabolomics by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analyses performed on fasting plasma samples from 353 nonobese and 450 obese Hispanic children. RESULTS Branched-chained amino acids (BCAAs) (Leu, Ile, and Val) and their catabolites, propionylcarnitine and butyrylcarnitine, were significantly elevated in obese children. Strikingly lower lysolipids and dicarboxylated fatty acids were seen in obese children. Steroid derivatives were markedly higher in obese children as were markers of inflammation and oxidative stress. PC6 (BCAAs and aromatic AAs) and PC10 (asparagine, glycine, and serine) made the largest contributions to body mass index, and PC10 and PC12 (acylcarnitines) made the largest contributions to adiposity. Metabolic risk factors and total energy expenditure were associated with PC6, PC9 (AA and tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolites), and PC10. Fat oxidation was inversely related to PC8 (lysolipids) and positively related to PC16 (acylcarnitines). CONCLUSIONS Global metabolomic profiling in nonobese and obese children replicates the increased BCAA and acylcarnitine catabolism and changes in nucleotides, lysolipids, and inflammation markers seen in obese adults; however, a strong signature of reduced fatty acid catabolism and increased steroid derivatives may be unique to obese children. Metabolic flexibility in fuel use observed in obese children may occur through the activation of alternative intermediary pathways. Insulin resistance, hyperleptinemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hyperuricemia, and oxidative stress and inflammation evident in obese children are associated with distinct metabolomic profiles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nancy F Butte
- USDA/Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX;
| | - Yan Liu
- USDA/Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Issa F Zakeri
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Nitesh Mehta
- USDA/Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - V Saroja Voruganti
- Department of Nutrition and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC; and
| | - Harald Göring
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX
| | - Shelley A Cole
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX
| | - Anthony G Comuzzie
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Kiermayer C, Northrup E, Schrewe A, Walch A, de Angelis MH, Schoensiegel F, Zischka H, Prehn C, Adamski J, Bekeredjian R, Ivandic B, Kupatt C, Brielmeier M. Heart-Specific Knockout of the Mitochondrial Thioredoxin Reductase (Txnrd2) Induces Metabolic and Contractile Dysfunction in the Aging Myocardium. J Am Heart Assoc 2015; 4:e002153. [PMID: 26199228 PMCID: PMC4608093 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.115.002153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ubiquitous deletion of thioredoxin reductase 2 (Txnrd2) in mice is embryonically lethal and associated with abnormal heart development, while constitutive, heart-specific Txnrd2 inactivation leads to dilated cardiomyopathy and perinatal death. The significance of Txnrd2 in aging cardiomyocytes, however, has not yet been examined. METHODS AND RESULTS The tamoxifen-inducible heart-specific αMHC-MerCreMer transgene was used to inactivate loxP-flanked Txnrd2 alleles in adult mice. Hearts and isolated mitochondria from aged knockout mice were morphologically and functionally analyzed. Echocardiography revealed a significant increase in left ventricular end-systolic diameters in knockouts. Fractional shortening and ejection fraction were decreased compared with controls. Ultrastructural analysis of cardiomyocytes of aged mice showed mitochondrial degeneration and accumulation of autophagic bodies. A dysregulated autophagic activity was supported by higher levels of lysosome-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP1), microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3-I (LC3-I), and p62 in knockout hearts. Isolated Txnrd2-deficient mitochondria used less oxygen and tended to produce more reactive oxygen species. Chronic hypoxia inducible factor 1, α subunit stabilization and altered transcriptional and metabolic signatures indicated that energy metabolism is deregulated. CONCLUSIONS These results imply a novel role of Txnrd2 in sustaining heart function during aging and suggest that Txnrd2 may be a modifier of heart failure.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Age Factors
- Animals
- Autophagy
- Blood Pressure
- Disease Models, Animal
- Energy Metabolism
- Gene Expression Profiling/methods
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Heart Failure/enzymology
- Heart Failure/genetics
- Heart Failure/pathology
- Heart Failure/physiopathology
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/genetics
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/metabolism
- Lysosomal Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Lysosomal Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Metabolomics/methods
- Mice, Knockout
- Microtubule-Associated Proteins/genetics
- Microtubule-Associated Proteins/metabolism
- Mitochondria, Heart/enzymology
- Mitochondria, Heart/ultrastructure
- Myocardial Contraction
- Myocytes, Cardiac/enzymology
- Myocytes, Cardiac/ultrastructure
- Oxidative Stress
- Phenotype
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
- Stroke Volume
- Thioredoxin Reductase 2/deficiency
- Thioredoxin Reductase 2/genetics
- Time Factors
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/enzymology
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/genetics
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/physiopathology
- Ventricular Function, Left
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Kiermayer
- Research Unit Comparative Medicine, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental HealthNeuherberg, Germany
| | - Emily Northrup
- Research Unit Comparative Medicine, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental HealthNeuherberg, Germany
| | - Anja Schrewe
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental HealthNeuherberg, Germany
| | - Axel Walch
- Reserach Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental HealthNeuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Hrabe de Angelis
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental HealthNeuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Experimental Genetics, Technische Universität MünchenMunich, Germany
| | - Frank Schoensiegel
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of HeidelbergHeidelberg, Germany
| | - Hans Zischka
- Institute of molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental HealthNeuherberg, Germany
| | - Cornelia Prehn
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Genome Analysis Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental HealthNeuherberg, Germany
| | - Jerzy Adamski
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Genome Analysis Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental HealthNeuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Experimental Genetics, Technische Universität MünchenMunich, Germany
| | - Raffi Bekeredjian
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of HeidelbergHeidelberg, Germany
| | - Boris Ivandic
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of HeidelbergHeidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Kupatt
- I. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, TU MunichMunich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site Munich Heart AllianceMunich, Germany
| | - Markus Brielmeier
- Research Unit Comparative Medicine, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental HealthNeuherberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
Schenkel LC, Sivanesan S, Zhang J, Wuyts B, Taylor A, Verbrugghe A, Bakovic M. Choline supplementation restores substrate balance and alleviates complications of Pcyt2 deficiency. J Nutr Biochem 2015; 26:1221-34. [PMID: 26242921 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Revised: 05/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Choline plays a critical role in systemic lipid metabolism and hepatic function. Here we conducted a series of experiments to investigate the effect of choline supplementation on metabolically altered Pcyt2(+/-) mice. In Pcyt2(+/-) mice, the membrane phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) turnover is reduced and the formation of fatty acids (FA) and triglycerides (TAG) increased, resulting in hypertriglyceridemia, liver steatosis and obesity. One month of choline supplementation reduced the incorporation of FA into TAG and facilitated TAG degradation in Pcyt2(+/-) adipocytes, plasma and liver. Choline particularly stimulated adipocyte and liver TAG lipolysis by specific lipases (ATGL, LPL and HSL) and inhibited TAG formation by DGAT1 and DGAT2. Choline also activated the liver AMPK and mitochondrial FA oxidation gene PPARα and reduced the FA synthesis genes SREBP1, SCD1 and FAS. Liver (HPLC) and plasma (tandem mass spectroscopy and (1)H-NMR) metabolite profiling established that Pcyt2(+/-) mice have reduced membrane cholesterol/sphingomyelin ratio and the homocysteine/methionine cycle that were improved by choline supplementation. These data suggest that supplementary choline is beneficial for restoring FA and TAG homeostasis under conditions of obesity caused by impaired PE synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laila C Schenkel
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - Sugashan Sivanesan
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - Junzeng Zhang
- Aquatic and Crop Resource Development, National Research Council Canada, Halifax, NS, Canada B3H 3Z1
| | - Birgitte Wuyts
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders, University Hospital Ghent, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Adrian Taylor
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - Adronie Verbrugghe
- University of Guelph, Ontario Veterinary College, Dep. Clinical Studies, Guelph, Canada
| | - Marica Bakovic
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1.
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
Johnson CH, Dejea CM, Edler D, Hoang LT, Santidrian AF, Felding BH, Ivanisevic J, Cho K, Wick EC, Hechenbleikner EM, Uritboonthai W, Goetz L, Casero RA, Pardoll DM, White JR, Patti GJ, Sears CL, Siuzdak G. Metabolism links bacterial biofilms and colon carcinogenesis. Cell Metab 2015; 21:891-7. [PMID: 25959674 PMCID: PMC4456201 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2015.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms in the colon alter the host tissue microenvironment. A role for biofilms in colon cancer metabolism has been suggested but to date has not been evaluated. Using metabolomics, we investigated the metabolic influence that microbial biofilms have on colon tissues and the related occurrence of cancer. Patient-matched colon cancers and histologically normal tissues, with or without biofilms, were examined. We show the upregulation of polyamine metabolites in tissues from cancer hosts with significant enhancement of N(1), N(12)-diacetylspermine in both biofilm-positive cancer and normal tissues. Antibiotic treatment, which cleared biofilms, decreased N(1), N(12)-diacetylspermine levels to those seen in biofilm-negative tissues, indicating that host cancer and bacterial biofilm structures contribute to the polyamine metabolite pool. These results show that colonic mucosal biofilms alter the cancer metabolome to produce a regulator of cellular proliferation and colon cancer growth potentially affecting cancer development and progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline H Johnson
- Scripps Center for Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Christine M Dejea
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - David Edler
- Center of Surgical Gastroenterology, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Linh T Hoang
- Scripps Center for Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Antonio F Santidrian
- Departments of Chemical Physiology and Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Brunhilde H Felding
- Departments of Chemical Physiology and Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Julijana Ivanisevic
- Scripps Center for Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Kevin Cho
- Departments of Chemistry, Genetics, and Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Elizabeth C Wick
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Hechenbleikner
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Winnie Uritboonthai
- Scripps Center for Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Laura Goetz
- Department of Surgery, Scripps Clinic Medical Group, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Robert A Casero
- Departments of Oncology and Medicine and the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Drew M Pardoll
- Departments of Oncology and Medicine and the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | | | - Gary J Patti
- Departments of Chemistry, Genetics, and Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Cynthia L Sears
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Departments of Oncology and Medicine and the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
| | - Gary Siuzdak
- Scripps Center for Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
69
|
Johnson AR, Makowski L. Nutrition and metabolic correlates of obesity and inflammation: clinical considerations. J Nutr 2015; 145:1131S-1136S. [PMID: 25833891 PMCID: PMC4410497 DOI: 10.3945/jn.114.200758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Since 1980, the global prevalence of obesity has doubled; in the United States, it has almost tripled. Billions of people are overweight and obese; the WHO reports that >65% of the world's population die of diseases related to overweight rather than underweight. Obesity is a complex disease that can be studied from "metropolis to metabolite"—that is, beginning at the policy and the population level through epidemiology and intervention studies; to bench work including preclinical models, tissue, and cell culture studies; to biochemical assays; and to metabolomics. Metabolomics is the next research frontier because it provides a real-time snapshot of biochemical building blocks and products of cellular processes. This report comments on practical considerations when conducting metabolomics research. The pros and cons and important study design concerns are addressed to aid in increasing metabolomics research in the United States. The link between metabolism and inflammation is an understudied phenomenon that has great potential to transform our understanding of immunometabolism in obesity, diabetes, cancer, and other diseases; metabolomics promises to be an important tool in understanding the complex relations between factors contributing to such diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy R Johnson
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, and
| | - Liza Makowski
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, and School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| |
Collapse
|
70
|
Baker PR, Boyle KE, Koves TR, Ilkayeva OR, Muoio DM, Houmard JA, Friedman JE. Metabolomic analysis reveals altered skeletal muscle amino acid and fatty acid handling in obese humans. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2015; 23:981-988. [PMID: 25864501 PMCID: PMC4414721 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Investigate the effects of obesity and high-fat diet (HFD) exposure on fatty acid oxidation and TCA cycle intermediates and amino acids in skeletal muscle to better characterize energy metabolism. METHODS Plasma and skeletal muscle metabolomic profiles were measured from lean and obese males before and after a 5-day HFD in the 4 h postprandial condition. RESULTS At both time points, plasma short-chain acylcarnitine species (SCAC) were higher in the obese subjects, while the amino acids glycine, histidine, methionine, and citrulline were lower in skeletal muscle of obese subjects. Skeletal muscle medium-chain acylcarnitines (MCAC) C6, C8, C10:2, C10:1, C10, and C12:1 increased in obese subjects, but decreased in lean subjects, from pre- to post-HFD. Plasma content of C10:1 was also decreased in the lean but increased in the obese subjects from pre- to post-HFD. CD36 increased from pre- to post-HFD in obese but not lean subjects. CONCLUSIONS Lower skeletal muscle amino acid content and accumulation of plasma SCAC in obese subjects could reflect increased anaplerosis for TCA cycle intermediates, while accumulation of MCAC suggests limitations in β-oxidation. These measures may be important markers of or contributors to dysregulated metabolism observed in skeletal muscle of obese humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter R. Baker
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Sections of Clinical Genetics and Metabolism, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Kristen E. Boyle
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Nutrition, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Timothy R. Koves
- Department of Pharmacology, Stedman Center for Nutrition, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Olga R. Ilkayeva
- Department of Pharmacology, Stedman Center for Nutrition, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Deborah M. Muoio
- Department of Pharmacology, Stedman Center for Nutrition, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Joseph A. Houmard
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jacob E. Friedman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Neonatology, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| |
Collapse
|
71
|
Undernutrition during pregnancy in mice leads to dysfunctional cardiac muscle respiration in adult offspring. Biosci Rep 2015; 35:BSR20150007. [PMID: 26182362 PMCID: PMC4613697 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20150007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We show that in utero undernutrition is associated with impaired cardiac muscle energetics and increased plasma short-chain acylcarnitines in adult mice. Findings suggest that in utero undernutrition is associated with maladaptive programming processes that have negative effects on the heart. Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is associated with an increased risk of developing obesity, insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease. However, its effect on energetics in heart remains unknown. In the present study, we examined respiration in cardiac muscle and liver from adult mice that were undernourished in utero. We report that in utero undernutrition is associated with impaired cardiac muscle energetics, including decreased fatty acid oxidative capacity, decreased maximum oxidative phosphorylation rate and decreased proton leak respiration. No differences in oxidative characteristics were detected in liver. We also measured plasma acylcarnitine levels and found that short-chain acylcarnitines are increased with in utero undernutrition. Results reveal the negative impact of suboptimal maternal nutrition on adult offspring cardiac energy metabolism, which may have life-long implications for cardiovascular function and disease risk.
Collapse
|
72
|
Muralimanoharan S, Guo C, Myatt L, Maloyan A. Sexual dimorphism in miR-210 expression and mitochondrial dysfunction in the placenta with maternal obesity. Int J Obes (Lond) 2015; 39:1274-81. [PMID: 25833255 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2015.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal obesity is a major problem in obstetrics, and the placenta is involved in obesity-related complications via its roles at the maternal-fetal interface. We have recently shown a causative role for micro(mi)RNA-210, a so called 'hypoxamir' regulated by HIF-1α, in mitochondrial dysfunction in placentas from women with preeclampsia. We also reported mitochondrial dysfunction in placentas with maternal obesity. Here we hypothesized that expression of miR-210 is dysregulated in the placentas with obesity. METHODS Placentas from uncomplicated pregnancies were collected at term from healthy weight or control (CTRL, pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI)<25), overweight (OW, BMI=25-24.9) and obese (OB, BMI>30) women following C-section with no labor. Expression of miRNA-210 and its target genes was measured by reverse transcription-PCR and Western Blot, respectively. Mitochondrial respiration was assessed by Seahorse Analyzer in syncytiotrophoblast (ST) 72 h after cytotrophoblast isolation. RESULTS Expression of miR-210 was significantly increased in placentas of OB and OW women with female but not male fetuses compared with CTRL placentas of females. However, expression of HIF-1α in these placentas remained unchanged. Levels of tumor-necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) were increased in OW and OB placentas of females but not males, and in silico analysis suggested that activation of miR-210 expression in these placentas might be activated by NFκB1 (p50) signaling. Indeed, chromatin Immunoprecipitation assay showed that NFkB1 binds to placental miR-210 promoter in a fetal sex-dependent manner. Female but not male STs treated with TNFα showed overexpression of miR-210, reduction of mitochondrial target genes and decreased mitochondrial respiration. Pre-treatment of these STs with small interfering RNA to NFkB1 or antagomiR-210 prevented the TNFα-mediated inhibition of mitochondrial respiration. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that the inflammatory intrauterine environment associated with maternal obesity induces an NFκB1-mediated increase in miR-210 in a fetal sex-dependent manner, leading to inhibition of mitochondrial respiration and placental dysfunction in the placentas of female fetuses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Muralimanoharan
- Center for Pregnancy and Newborn Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - C Guo
- Center for Pregnancy and Newborn Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - L Myatt
- Center for Pregnancy and Newborn Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - A Maloyan
- Center for Pregnancy and Newborn Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
73
|
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline H. Johnson
- Scripps
Center for Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Julijana Ivanisevic
- Scripps
Center for Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - H. Paul Benton
- Scripps
Center for Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Gary Siuzdak
- Scripps
Center for Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| |
Collapse
|
74
|
Floegel A, Wientzek A, Bachlechner U, Jacobs S, Drogan D, Prehn C, Adamski J, Krumsiek J, Schulze MB, Pischon T, Boeing H. Linking diet, physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness and obesity to serum metabolite networks: findings from a population-based study. Int J Obes (Lond) 2014; 38:1388-96. [PMID: 24608922 PMCID: PMC4229626 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2014.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Revised: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It is not yet resolved how lifestyle factors and intermediate phenotypes interrelate with metabolic pathways. We aimed to investigate the associations between diet, physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness and obesity with serum metabolite networks in a population-based study. METHODS The present study included 2380 participants of a randomly drawn subcohort of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition-Potsdam. Targeted metabolomics was used to measure 127 serum metabolites. Additional data were available including anthropometric measurements, dietary assessment including intake of whole-grain bread, coffee and cake and cookies by food frequency questionnaire, and objectively measured physical activity energy expenditure and cardiorespiratory fitness in a subsample of 100 participants. In a data-driven approach, Gaussian graphical modeling was used to draw metabolite networks and depict relevant associations between exposures and serum metabolites. In addition, the relationship of different exposure metabolite networks was estimated. RESULTS In the serum metabolite network, the different metabolite classes could be separated. There was a big group of phospholipids and acylcarnitines, a group of amino acids and C6-sugar. Amino acids were particularly positively associated with cardiorespiratory fitness and physical activity. C6-sugar and acylcarnitines were positively associated with obesity and inversely with intake of whole-grain bread. Phospholipids showed opposite associations with obesity and coffee intake. Metabolite networks of coffee intake and obesity were strongly inversely correlated (body mass index (BMI): r = -0.57 and waist circumference: r = -0.59). A strong positive correlation was observed between metabolite networks of BMI and waist circumference (r = 0.99), as well as the metabolite networks of cake and cookie intake with cardiorespiratory fitness and intake of whole-grain bread (r = 0.52 and r = 0.50; respectively). CONCLUSIONS Lifestyle factors and phenotypes seem to interrelate in various metabolic pathways. A possible protective effect of coffee could be mediated via counterbalance of pathways of obesity involving hepatic phospholipids. Experimental studies should validate the biological mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Floegel
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - A Wientzek
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - U Bachlechner
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - S Jacobs
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - D Drogan
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - C Prehn
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - J Adamski
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - J Krumsiek
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - M B Schulze
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - T Pischon
- Molecular Epidemiology Group, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) Berlin-Buch, Berlin-Buch, Germany
| | - H Boeing
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
75
|
Soni MS, Rabaglia ME, Bhatnagar S, Shang J, Ilkayeva O, Mynatt R, Zhou YP, Schadt EE, Thornberry NA, Muoio DM, Keller MP, Attie AD. Downregulation of carnitine acyl-carnitine translocase by miRNAs 132 and 212 amplifies glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Diabetes 2014; 63:3805-14. [PMID: 24969106 PMCID: PMC4207388 DOI: 10.2337/db13-1677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that micro-RNAs (miRNAs) 132 and 212 are differentially upregulated in response to obesity in two mouse strains that differ in their susceptibility to obesity-induced diabetes. Here we show the overexpression of miRNAs 132 and 212 enhances insulin secretion (IS) in response to glucose and other secretagogues including nonfuel stimuli. We determined that carnitine acyl-carnitine translocase (CACT; Slc25a20) is a direct target of these miRNAs. CACT is responsible for transporting long-chain acyl-carnitines into the mitochondria for β-oxidation. Small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of CACT in β-cells led to the accumulation of fatty acyl-carnitines and enhanced IS. The addition of long-chain fatty acyl-carnitines promoted IS from rat insulinoma β-cells (INS-1) as well as primary mouse islets. The effect on INS-1 cells was augmented in response to suppression of CACT. A nonhydrolyzable ether analog of palmitoyl-carnitine stimulated IS, showing that β-oxidation of palmitoyl-carnitine is not required for its stimulation of IS. These studies establish a link between miRNA-dependent regulation of CACT and fatty acyl-carnitine-mediated regulation of IS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mufaddal S Soni
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | - Mary E Rabaglia
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | | | - Jin Shang
- Department of Metabolic Disorders-Diabetes, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, NJ
| | - Olga Ilkayeva
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Randall Mynatt
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Yun-Ping Zhou
- Department of Metabolic Disorders-Diabetes, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, NJ
| | - Eric E Schadt
- Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Nancy A Thornberry
- Department of Metabolic Disorders-Diabetes, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, NJ
| | - Deborah M Muoio
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Mark P Keller
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | - Alan D Attie
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| |
Collapse
|
76
|
Sundaram S, Freemerman AJ, Galanko JA, McNaughton KK, Bendt KM, Darr DB, Troester MA, Makowski L. Obesity-mediated regulation of HGF/c-Met is associated with reduced basal-like breast cancer latency in parous mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e111394. [PMID: 25354395 PMCID: PMC4213021 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
It is widely thought that pregnancy reduces breast cancer risk, but this lacks consideration of breast cancer subtypes. While a full term pregnancy reduces risk for estrogen receptor positive (ER+) and luminal breast cancers, parity is associated with increased risk of basal-like breast cancer (BBC) subtype. Basal-like subtypes represent less than 10% of breast cancers and are highly aggressive, affecting primarily young, African American women. Our previous work demonstrated that high fat diet-induced obesity in nulliparous mice significantly blunted latency in C3(1)-TAg mice, a model of BBC, potentially through the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/c-Met oncogenic pathway. Experimental studies have examined parity and obesity individually, but to date, the joint effects of parity and obesity have not been studied. We investigated the role of obesity in parous mice on BBC. Parity alone dramatically blunted tumor latency compared to nulliparous controls with no effects on tumor number or growth, while obesity had only a minor role in further reducing latency. Obesity-associated metabolic mediators and hormones such as insulin, estrogen, and progesterone were not significantly regulated by obesity. Plasma IL-6 was also significantly elevated by obesity in parous mice. We have previously reported a potential role for stromal-derived hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) via its cognate receptor c-Met in the etiology of obesity-induced BBC tumor onset and in both human and murine primary coculture models of BBC-aggressiveness. Obesity-associated c-Met concentrations were 2.5-fold greater in normal mammary glands of parous mice. Taken together, our studies demonstrate that, parity in C3(1)-TAg mice dramatically reduced BBC latency compared to nulliparous mice. In parous mice, c-Met is regulated by obesity in unaffected mammary gland and is associated with tumor onset. C3(1)-TAg mice recapitulate epidemiologic findings such that parity drives increased BBC risk and potential microenvironmental alterations in c-Met signaling may play a role in etiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Sundaram
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Alex J. Freemerman
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Joseph A. Galanko
- UNC Nutrition Obesity Research Center, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Kirk K. McNaughton
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Katharine M. Bendt
- Mouse Phase I Unit, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - David B. Darr
- Mouse Phase I Unit, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Melissa A. Troester
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Departments of Epidemiology, and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Liza Makowski
- UNC Nutrition Obesity Research Center, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
77
|
Ciapaite J, van den Berg SA, Houten SM, Nicolay K, van Dijk KW, Jeneson JA. Fiber-type-specific sensitivities and phenotypic adaptations to dietary fat overload differentially impact fast- versus slow-twitch muscle contractile function in C57BL/6J mice. J Nutr Biochem 2014; 26:155-64. [PMID: 25516489 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2014.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Revised: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
High-fat diets (HFDs) have been shown to interfere with skeletal muscle energy metabolism and cause peripheral insulin resistance. However, understanding of HFD impact on skeletal muscle primary function, i.e., contractile performance, is limited. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed HFD containing lard (HFL) or palm oil (HFP), or low-fat diet (LFD) for 5weeks. Fast-twitch (FT) extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and slow-twitch (ST) soleus muscles were characterized with respect to contractile function and selected biochemical features. In FT EDL muscle, a 30%-50% increase in fatty acid (FA) content and doubling of long-chain acylcarnitine (C14-C18) content in response to HFL and HFP feeding were accompanied by increase in protein levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α, mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation complexes and acyl-CoA dehydrogenases involved in mitochondrial FA β-oxidation. Peak force of FT EDL twitch and tetanic contractions was unaltered, but the relaxation time (RT) of twitch contractions was 30% slower compared to LFD controls. The latter was caused by accumulation of lipid intermediates rather than changes in the expression levels of proteins involved in calcium handling. In ST soleus muscle, no evidence for lipid overload was found in any HFD group. However, particularly in HFP group, the peak force of twitch and tetanic contractions was reduced, but RT was faster than LFD controls. The latter was associated with a fast-to-slow shift in troponin T isoform expression. Taken together, these data highlight fiber-type-specific sensitivities and phenotypic adaptations to dietary lipid overload that differentially impact fast- versus slow-twitch skeletal muscle contractile function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jolita Ciapaite
- Biomedical NMR, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, NL-5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands; Netherlands Consortium for Systems Biology, PO Box 94215, NL-1090GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics, Center for Liver, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, Building 3226, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Sjoerd A van den Berg
- Netherlands Consortium for Systems Biology, PO Box 94215, NL-1090GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, NL- 2333ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sander M Houten
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Chemistry, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, NL-1105AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Klaas Nicolay
- Biomedical NMR, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, NL-5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Ko Willems van Dijk
- Netherlands Consortium for Systems Biology, PO Box 94215, NL-1090GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, NL- 2333ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen A Jeneson
- Biomedical NMR, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, NL-5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands; Netherlands Consortium for Systems Biology, PO Box 94215, NL-1090GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics, Center for Liver, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, Building 3226, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
78
|
Aguer C, McCoin CS, Knotts TA, Thrush AB, Ono-Moore K, McPherson R, Dent R, Hwang DH, Adams SH, Harper ME. Acylcarnitines: potential implications for skeletal muscle insulin resistance. FASEB J 2014; 29:336-45. [PMID: 25342132 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-255901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance may be linked to incomplete fatty acid β-oxidation and the subsequent increase in acylcarnitine species in different tissues including skeletal muscle. It is not known if acylcarnitines participate in muscle insulin resistance or simply reflect dysregulated metabolism. The aims of this study were to determine whether acylcarnitines can elicit muscle insulin resistance and to better understand the link between incomplete muscle fatty acid β-oxidation, oxidative stress, inflammation, and insulin-resistance development. Differentiated C2C12, primary mouse, and human myotubes were treated with acylcarnitines (C4:0, C14:0, C16:0) or with palmitate with or without carnitine acyltransferase inhibition by mildronate. Treatment with C4:0, C14:0, and C16:0 acylcarnitines resulted in 20-30% decrease in insulin response at the level of Akt phosphorylation and/or glucose uptake. Mildronate reversed palmitate-induced insulin resistance concomitant with an ∼25% decrease in short-chain acylcarnitine and acetylcarnitine secretion. Although proinflammatory cytokines were not affected under these conditions, oxidative stress was increased by 2-3 times by short- or long-chain acylcarnitines. Acylcarnitine-induced oxidative stress and insulin resistance were reversed by treatment with antioxidants. Results are consistent with the conclusion that incomplete muscle fatty acid β-oxidation causes acylcarnitine accumulation and associated oxidative stress, raising the possibility that these metabolites play a role in muscle insulin resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Céline Aguer
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Colin S McCoin
- Molecular, Cellular, & Integrative Physiology Graduate Program, University of California, Davis, California, USA; Obesity & Metabolism Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, California, USA
| | - Trina A Knotts
- Obesity & Metabolism Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, California, USA; Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - A Brianne Thrush
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kikumi Ono-Moore
- Obesity & Metabolism Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, California, USA; Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Ruth McPherson
- Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert Dent
- Ottawa Hospital Weight Management Clinic, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel H Hwang
- Immunity & Disease Prevention Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, California, USA Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Sean H Adams
- Molecular, Cellular, & Integrative Physiology Graduate Program, University of California, Davis, California, USA; Obesity & Metabolism Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, California, USA; Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, California, USA;
| | - Mary-Ellen Harper
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada;
| |
Collapse
|
79
|
Chan CB, Gupta J, Kozicky L, Hashemi Z, Yang K. Improved glucose tolerance in insulin-resistant rats after pea hull feeding is associated with changes in lipid metabolism-targeted transcriptome. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2014; 39:1112-9. [PMID: 24930679 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2014-0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Understanding of the mechanisms by which pulse grain fractions elicit beneficial effects on glucose tolerance is incomplete. An untargeted metabolomic analysis of serum from insulin-resistant rats was carried out to identify potential metabolic pathways affected by feeding rats the hull fraction of dried peas for 4 weeks. From this, we hypothesized that transcription of hepatic genes involved in lipid metabolism would be altered. cDNA was prepared from total RNA extracted from livers of rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD) or HFD + pea hulls (PH) diet. The liver lipid transcriptome of each cDNA sample was characterized using a PCR-based array of 84 genes. The activity of peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR-α) was measured in hepatocyte nuclei. The predominant findings of the metabolomic analysis revealed a significant increase in the intermediaries of β-oxidation: C16-OH and C16:1 acylcarnitines (>50%, p < 0.05) and 3-hydroxybutyrate (100%, p < 0.05) in the PH group compared with the HFD group. mRNA of hadha, a gene involved in β-oxidation, was significantly reduced by 53% (p < 0.005) in the PH group compared with the HFD group, but no differences in PPAR-α activity were detected. 3-Hydroxybutyrate concentrations were associated with insulin sensitivity and reduced demand for insulin. The results indicate that feeding PH alters lipid metabolism in liver, which may contribute to improved glucose tolerance in insulin-resistant rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine B Chan
- a Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta., Canada
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
80
|
Demine S, Reddy N, Renard P, Raes M, Arnould T. Unraveling biochemical pathways affected by mitochondrial dysfunctions using metabolomic approaches. Metabolites 2014; 4:831-78. [PMID: 25257998 PMCID: PMC4192695 DOI: 10.3390/metabo4030831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction(s) (MDs) can be defined as alterations in the mitochondria, including mitochondrial uncoupling, mitochondrial depolarization, inhibition of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, mitochondrial network fragmentation, mitochondrial or nuclear DNA mutations and the mitochondrial accumulation of protein aggregates. All these MDs are known to alter the capacity of ATP production and are observed in several pathological states/diseases, including cancer, obesity, muscle and neurological disorders. The induction of MDs can also alter the secretion of several metabolites, reactive oxygen species production and modify several cell-signalling pathways to resolve the mitochondrial dysfunction or ultimately trigger cell death. Many metabolites, such as fatty acids and derived compounds, could be secreted into the blood stream by cells suffering from mitochondrial alterations. In this review, we summarize how a mitochondrial uncoupling can modify metabolites, the signalling pathways and transcription factors involved in this process. We describe how to identify the causes or consequences of mitochondrial dysfunction using metabolomics (liquid and gas chromatography associated with mass spectrometry analysis, NMR spectroscopy) in the obesity and insulin resistance thematic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Demine
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (URBC), NARILIS (Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences), University of Namur (UNamur), 61 rue de Bruxelles, Namur 5000, Belgium.
| | - Nagabushana Reddy
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (URBC), NARILIS (Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences), University of Namur (UNamur), 61 rue de Bruxelles, Namur 5000, Belgium.
| | - Patricia Renard
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (URBC), NARILIS (Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences), University of Namur (UNamur), 61 rue de Bruxelles, Namur 5000, Belgium.
| | - Martine Raes
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (URBC), NARILIS (Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences), University of Namur (UNamur), 61 rue de Bruxelles, Namur 5000, Belgium.
| | - Thierry Arnould
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (URBC), NARILIS (Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences), University of Namur (UNamur), 61 rue de Bruxelles, Namur 5000, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
81
|
Human platelets as a platform to monitor metabolic biomarkers using stable isotopes and LC-MS. Bioanalysis 2014; 5:3009-21. [PMID: 24320127 DOI: 10.4155/bio.13.269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intracellular metabolites such as CoA thioesters are modulated in a number of clinical settings. Their accurate measurement from surrogate tissues such as platelets may provide additional information to current serum and urinary biomarkers. METHODS Freshly isolated platelets from healthy volunteers were treated with rotenone, propionate or isotopically labeled metabolic tracers. Using a recently developed LC-MS-based methodology, absolute changes in short-chain acyl-CoA thioesters were monitored, as well as relative metabolic labeling using isotopomer distribution analysis. RESULTS Consistent with in vitro experiments, isolated platelets treated with rotenone showed decreased intracellular succinyl-CoA and increased β-hydroxybutyryl-CoA, while propionate treatment resulted in increased propionyl-CoA. In addition, isotopomers of the CoAs were readily detected in platelets treated with the [(13)C]- or [(13)C(15)N]-labeled metabolic precursors. CONCLUSION Here, we show that human platelets can provide a powerful ex vivo challenge platform with potential clinical diagnostic and biomarker discovery applications.
Collapse
|
82
|
Schwartz B, Yehuda-Shnaidman E. Putative role of adipose tissue in growth and metabolism of colon cancer cells. Front Oncol 2014; 4:164. [PMID: 25019059 PMCID: PMC4071563 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2014.00164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Newly emerging data highlight obesity as an important risk factor for developing certain types of cancer, including colorectal cancer. Although evidence supports a link between the two, the mechanisms responsible for this relationship have not yet been fully elucidated. Hypertrophied and dysfunctional adipose tissue of the obese state is characterized by low-grade inflammation. Adipokines and cytokines secreted from adipocytes, together with the abundant availability of lipids from adipocytes in the tumor microenvironment, promote adhesion, migration, and invasion of tumor cells and support tumor progression and uncontrolled growth. One of the predisposed targets of the deleterious effects exerted by secretions from adipose tissue in obesity is the activities associated with the cellular mitochondria. Mitochondrial oxidative metabolism plays a key role in meeting cells' energetic demands by oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos). Here we discuss: (a) the dynamic relationship between glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and OxPhos; (b) the evidence for impaired OxPhos (i.e., mitochondrial dysfunction) in colon cancer; (c) the mechanisms by which mitochondrial dysfunction can predispose to cancer. We propose that impaired OxPhos increases susceptibility to colon cancer since OxPhos is sensitive to a large number of factors that are intrinsic to the host (e.g., inflammation). Given that adipocytes are a major source of adipokines and energy for the cancer cell, understanding the mechanisms of metabolic symbiosis between cancer cells and adipocytes should reveal new therapeutic possibilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Betty Schwartz
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Rehovot , Israel
| | - Einav Yehuda-Shnaidman
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Rehovot , Israel
| |
Collapse
|
83
|
Hailemariam D, Mandal R, Saleem F, Dunn SM, Wishart DS, Ametaj BN. Identification of predictive biomarkers of disease state in transition dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2014; 97:2680-93. [PMID: 24630653 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2013-6803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In dairy cows, periparturient disease states, such as metritis, mastitis, and laminitis, are leading to increasingly significant economic losses for the dairy industry. Treatments for these pathologies are often expensive, ineffective, or not cost-efficient, leading to production losses, high veterinary bills, or early culling of the cows. Early diagnosis or detection of these conditions before they manifest themselves could lower their incidence, level of morbidity, and the associated economic losses. In an effort to identify predictive biomarkers for postpartum or periparturient disease states in dairy cows, we undertook a cross-sectional and longitudinal metabolomics study to look at plasma metabolite levels of dairy cows during the transition period, before and after becoming ill with postpartum diseases. Specifically we employed a targeted quantitative metabolomics approach that uses direct flow injection mass spectrometry to track the metabolite changes in 120 different plasma metabolites. Blood plasma samples were collected from 12 dairy cows at 4 time points during the transition period (-4 and -1 wk before and 1 and 4 wk after parturition). Out of the 12 cows studied, 6 developed multiple periparturient disorders in the postcalving period, whereas the other 6 remained healthy during the entire experimental period. Multivariate data analysis (principal component analysis and partial least squares discriminant analysis) revealed a clear separation between healthy controls and diseased cows at all 4 time points. This analysis allowed us to identify several metabolites most responsible for separating the 2 groups, especially before parturition and the start of any postpartum disease. Three metabolites, carnitine, propionyl carnitine, and lysophosphatidylcholine acyl C14:0, were significantly elevated in diseased cows as compared with healthy controls as early as 4 wk before parturition, whereas 2 metabolites, phosphatidylcholine acyl-alkyl C42:4 and phosphatidylcholine diacyl C42:6, could be used to discriminate healthy controls from diseased cows 1 wk before parturition. A 3-metabolite plasma biomarker profile was developed that could predict which cows would develop periparturient diseases, up to 4 wk before clinical symptoms appearing, with a sensitivity of 87% and a specificity of 85%. This is the first report showing that periparturient diseases can be predicted in dairy cattle before their development using a multimetabolite biomarker model. Further research is warranted to validate these potential predictive biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Hailemariam
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2P5
| | - R Mandal
- Departments of Computer and Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2M9
| | - F Saleem
- Departments of Computer and Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2M9
| | - S M Dunn
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2P5
| | - D S Wishart
- Departments of Computer and Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2M9
| | - B N Ametaj
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2P5.
| |
Collapse
|
84
|
Nutritional modulation of the metabonome: applications of metabolic phenotyping in translational nutritional research. Curr Opin Gastroenterol 2014; 30:196-207. [PMID: 24468802 DOI: 10.1097/mog.0000000000000036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Metabolic profiling technologies provide a global overview of complex dietary processes. Metabonomic analytical approaches have now been translated into multiple areas of clinical nutritional research based on the widespread adoption of high-throughput mass spectrometry and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. This has generated novel insights into the molecular mechanisms that shape the microbiome-dietary-chronic disease axis. RECENT FINDINGS Metabolome-wide association studies have created a new paradigm in nutritional molecular epidemiology and they have highlighted the importance of gut microbial cometabolic processes in the development of cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Targeted analyses are helping to explain the mechanisms by which high-risk diets (such as red meat) modulate disease risk and they are generating novel biomarkers that will serve to re-define how the efficacy of nutritional interventions is assessed. Nutritional metabonome-microbiome interactions have also been defined in extreme dietary states such as obesity and starvation, and they also serve as important models for understanding how the gut microbiome modifies disease risk. Finally, nutritional systems medicine approaches are creating novel insights into the functional components of our diet, and the mechanisms by which they cause disease. SUMMARY Diet is an important modulator of the human metabolic phenotype and the analysis of the nutritional metabolome will drive future development of personalized nutritional interventions.
Collapse
|
85
|
Nissim I, Horyn O, Daikhin Y, Chen P, Li C, Wehrli SL, Nissim I, Yudkoff M. The molecular and metabolic influence of long term agmatine consumption. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:9710-29. [PMID: 24523404 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.544726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Agmatine (AGM), a product of arginine decarboxylation, influences multiple physiologic and metabolic functions. However, the mechanism(s) of action, the impact on whole body gene expression and metabolic pathways, and the potential benefits and risks of long term AGM consumption are still a mystery. Here, we scrutinized the impact of AGM on whole body metabolic profiling and gene expression and assessed a plausible mechanism(s) of AGM action. Studies were performed in rats fed a high fat diet or standard chow. AGM was added to drinking water for 4 or 8 weeks. We used (13)C or (15)N tracers to assess metabolic reactions and fluxes and real time quantitative PCR to determine gene expression. The results demonstrate that AGM elevated the synthesis and tissue level of cAMP. Subsequently, AGM had a widespread impact on gene expression and metabolic profiling including (a) activation of peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor-α and its coactivator, PGC1α, and (b) increased expression of peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor-γ and genes regulating thermogenesis, gluconeogenesis, and carnitine biosynthesis and transport. The changes in gene expression were coupled with improved tissue and systemic levels of carnitine and short chain acylcarnitine, increased β-oxidation but diminished incomplete fatty acid oxidation, decreased fat but increased protein mass, and increased hepatic ureagenesis and gluconeogenesis but decreased glycolysis. These metabolic changes were coupled with reduced weight gain and a curtailment of the hormonal and metabolic derangements associated with high fat diet-induced obesity. The findings suggest that AGM elevated the synthesis and levels of cAMP, thereby mimicking the effects of caloric restriction with respect to metabolic reprogramming.
Collapse
|
86
|
Freemerman AJ, Johnson AR, Sacks GN, Milner JJ, Kirk EL, Troester MA, Macintyre AN, Goraksha-Hicks P, Rathmell JC, Makowski L. Metabolic reprogramming of macrophages: glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1)-mediated glucose metabolism drives a proinflammatory phenotype. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:7884-96. [PMID: 24492615 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.522037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 605] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucose is a critical component in the proinflammatory response of macrophages (MΦs). However, the contribution of glucose transporters (GLUTs) and the mechanisms regulating subsequent glucose metabolism in the inflammatory response are not well understood. Because MΦs contribute to obesity-induced inflammation, it is important to understand how substrate metabolism may alter inflammatory function. We report that GLUT1 (SLC2A1) is the primary rate-limiting glucose transporter on proinflammatory-polarized MΦs. Furthermore, in high fat diet-fed rodents, MΦs in crown-like structures and inflammatory loci in adipose and liver, respectively, stain positively for GLUT1. We hypothesized that metabolic reprogramming via increased glucose availability could modulate the MΦ inflammatory response. To increase glucose uptake, we stably overexpressed the GLUT1 transporter in RAW264.7 MΦs (GLUT1-OE MΦs). Cellular bioenergetics analysis, metabolomics, and radiotracer studies demonstrated that GLUT1 overexpression resulted in elevated glucose uptake and metabolism, increased pentose phosphate pathway intermediates, with a complimentary reduction in cellular oxygen consumption rates. Gene expression and proteome profiling analysis revealed that GLUT1-OE MΦs demonstrated a hyperinflammatory state characterized by elevated secretion of inflammatory mediators and that this effect could be blunted by pharmacologic inhibition of glycolysis. Finally, reactive oxygen species production and evidence of oxidative stress were significantly enhanced in GLUT1-OE MΦs; antioxidant treatment blunted the expression of inflammatory mediators such as PAI-1 (plasminogen activator inhibitor 1), suggesting that glucose-mediated oxidative stress was driving the proinflammatory response. Our results indicate that increased utilization of glucose induced a ROS-driven proinflammatory phenotype in MΦs, which may play an integral role in the promotion of obesity-associated insulin resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex J Freemerman
- From the Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
87
|
Kell DB, Goodacre R. Metabolomics and systems pharmacology: why and how to model the human metabolic network for drug discovery. Drug Discov Today 2014; 19:171-82. [PMID: 23892182 PMCID: PMC3989035 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2013.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Revised: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Metabolism represents the 'sharp end' of systems biology, because changes in metabolite concentrations are necessarily amplified relative to changes in the transcriptome, proteome and enzyme activities, which can be modulated by drugs. To understand such behaviour, we therefore need (and increasingly have) reliable consensus (community) models of the human metabolic network that include the important transporters. Small molecule 'drug' transporters are in fact metabolite transporters, because drugs bear structural similarities to metabolites known from the network reconstructions and from measurements of the metabolome. Recon2 represents the present state-of-the-art human metabolic network reconstruction; it can predict inter alia: (i) the effects of inborn errors of metabolism; (ii) which metabolites are exometabolites, and (iii) how metabolism varies between tissues and cellular compartments. However, even these qualitative network models are not yet complete. As our understanding improves so do we recognise more clearly the need for a systems (poly)pharmacology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas B Kell
- School of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, UK.
| | - Royston Goodacre
- School of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
| |
Collapse
|
88
|
Armitage EG, Rupérez FJ, Barbas C. Metabolomics of diet-related diseases using mass spectrometry. Trends Analyt Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2013.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
|
89
|
Metabolomics signature improves the prediction of cardiovascular events in elderly subjects. Atherosclerosis 2013; 232:260-4. [PMID: 24468136 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2013.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Revised: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Age is one of the most important determinants of cardiovascular health, therefore the management of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in elderly people entails great challenge. A possible explanation of vascular senescence process is the mitochondrial damage and dysfunction. We hypothesized that metabolomic profiling would identify biomarkers predicting major cardiovascular events (MACEs) in elderly people, improving the clinical standard cardiovascular risk factors. METHODS AND RESULTS Targeted-mass-spectrometry-based profiling of 49 metabolites was performed in a group of very old participants (n = 67, mean age = 85 ± 3 years) with a high rate of previous CVD (68%). Principal Component Analysis, Random Survival Forest analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression modeling were used to evaluate the relation between the metabolite factors and recurring MACEs. We tested discrimination ability and reclassification of clinical and metabolomic models. At follow-up (median = 3.5 years), 17 MACEs occurred (5 cardiovascular deaths, 1 nonfatal myocardial infarction, 7 nonfatal strokes and 4 peripheral artery surgeries) (incidence = 7.3% person-years). Metabolite factor 1, composed by medium- and long-chain acylcarnitines, and factor 7 (alanine) were independently associated with MACEs, after adjustment for clinical CV covariates [HR = 1.77 (95%CI = 1.11-2.81, p = 0.016) and HR = 2.18 (95%CI = 1.17-4.07, p = 0.014), respectively]. However, only factor 1 significantly increases the prediction accuracy of the Framingham Recurring-Coronary-Heart-Disease-Score, with a significant improvement in discrimination (integrated discrimination improvement = 7%, p = 0.01) and correctly reclassifying 41% of events and 37% of non-events resulting in a cNRI = 0.79 (p = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS Aging mitochondrial dysfunction evaluated by metabolomic profiling is associated with MACEs, independently of standard predictors.
Collapse
|
90
|
Sundaram S, Freemerman AJ, Johnson AR, Milner JJ, McNaughton KK, Galanko JA, Bendt KM, Darr DB, Perou CM, Troester MA, Makowski L. Role of HGF in obesity-associated tumorigenesis: C3(1)-TAg mice as a model for human basal-like breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2013; 142:489-503. [PMID: 24218051 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-013-2741-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with basal-like breast cancer (BBC), an aggressive breast cancer subtype. The objective of this study was to determine whether obesity promotes BBC onset in adulthood and to evaluate the role of stromal-epithelial interactions in obesity-associated tumorigenesis. We hypothesized that hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) plays a promoting role in BBC, which express the HGF receptor, c-Met. In C3(1)-T(Ag) mice, a murine model of BBC, we demonstrated that obesity leads to a significant increase in HGF secretion and an associated decrease in tumor latency. By immunohistochemical analysis, normal mammary gland exhibited obesity-induced HGF, c-Met and phospho-c-Met, indicating that the activation of the cascade was obesity-driven. HGF secretion was also increased from primary mammary fibroblasts isolated from normal mammary glands and tumors of obese mice compared to lean. These results demonstrate that obesity-induced elevation of HGF expression is a stable phenotype, maintained after several passages, and after removal of dietary stimulation. Conditioned media from primary tumor fibroblasts from obese mice drove tumor cell proliferation. In co-culture, neutralization of secreted HGF blunted tumor cell migration, further linking obesity-mediated HGF-dependent effects to in vitro measures of tumor aggressiveness. In sum, these results demonstrate that HGF/c-Met plays an important role in obesity-associated carcinogenesis. Understanding the effects of obesity on risk and progression is important given that epidemiologic studies imply a portion of BBC could be eliminated by reducing obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Sundaram
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB 7461, 2203 McGavran Greenberg Hall, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7461, USA,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
91
|
Sundaram S, Johnson AR, Makowski L. Obesity, metabolism and the microenvironment: Links to cancer. J Carcinog 2013; 12:19. [PMID: 24227994 PMCID: PMC3816318 DOI: 10.4103/1477-3163.119606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Historically, cancer research has focused on identifying mutations or amplification of genes within the tumor, which informed the development of targeted therapies against affected pathways. This work often considers tumor cells in isolation; however, it is becoming increasingly apparent that the microenvironment surrounding tumor cells strongly influences tumor onset and progression. This is the so-called “seed and soil” hypothesis wherein the seed (cancer cell) is fed and molded by the metabolites, growth factors, modifications of the extracellular matrix or angiogenic factors provided by the soil (or stroma). Currently, 65% of the US population is obese or overweight; similarly staggering figures are reported in US children and globally. Obesity mediates and can exacerbate, both normal and tumor microenvironment dysfunction. Many obesity-associated endocrine, metabolic and inflammatory mediators are suspected to play a role in oncogenesis by modifying systemic nutrient metabolism and the nutrient substrates available locally in the stroma. It is vitally important to understand the biological processes linking obesity and cancer to develop better intervention strategies aimed at curbing the carcinogenic events associated with obesity. In this review, obesity-driven changes in both the normal and tumor microenvironment, alterations in metabolism, and release of signaling molecules such as endocrine, growth, and inflammatory mediators will be highlighted. In addition, we will discuss the effects of the timing of obesity onset or particular “windows of susceptibility,” with a focus on breast cancer etiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Sundaram
- Department of Nutrition, Nutrition Obesity Research Center, and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Drive, CB #7461, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
92
|
Hanhineva K, Barri T, Kolehmainen M, Pekkinen J, Pihlajamäki J, Vesterbacka A, Solano-Aguilar G, Mykkänen H, Dragsted LO, Urban JF, Poutanen K. Comparative Nontargeted Profiling of Metabolic Changes in Tissues and Biofluids in High-Fat Diet-Fed Ossabaw Pig. J Proteome Res 2013; 12:3980-92. [DOI: 10.1021/pr400257d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kati Hanhineva
- Institute of Public Health and
Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Thaer Barri
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise
and Sport, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej
30, DK-1958 Frederiksberg-C, Denmark
| | - Marjukka Kolehmainen
- Institute of Public Health and
Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jenna Pekkinen
- Institute of Public Health and
Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jussi Pihlajamäki
- Institute of Public Health and
Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Arto Vesterbacka
- Institute of Public Health and
Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Gloria Solano-Aguilar
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville
Human Nutrition Research Center, Diet, Genomics, and Immunology Laboratory,
Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
| | - Hannu Mykkänen
- Institute of Public Health and
Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Lars Ove Dragsted
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise
and Sport, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej
30, DK-1958 Frederiksberg-C, Denmark
| | - Joseph F. Urban
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville
Human Nutrition Research Center, Diet, Genomics, and Immunology Laboratory,
Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
| | - Kaisa Poutanen
- Institute of Public Health and
Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, P.O. Box 1000, Tietotie 2, FI-02044
VTT, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
93
|
Qin Y, Hamilton JL, Bird MD, Chen MM, Ramirez L, Zahs A, Kovacs EJ, Makowski L. Adipose inflammation and macrophage infiltration after binge ethanol and burn injury. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2013; 38:204-13. [PMID: 23909743 DOI: 10.1111/acer.12210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ethanol (EtOH) exposure prior to traumatic injury, such as a burn, elevates systemic and local inflammatory responses and increases morbidity and mortality. Adipose is a large tissue mass that is often inflamed during obesity or other stresses, which disturbs metabolic homeostasis. To date, there has been little investigation into the inflammatory response of adipose tissue after combined EtOH exposure and burn injury. METHODS Two EtOH exposure regimens were utilized to examine the role of inflammation in adipose tissue after EtOH and burn injury. Mice were either given a single or episodic binge exposure to EtOH or saline followed by scald (burn) or sham injury 30 minutes later. Twenty-four hours post injury, serum and adipose tissue were collected for assessment of inflammatory mediators. RESULTS Single binge EtOH alone induced no inflammation in adipose when compared with sham vehicle-treated mice. However, single binge EtOH followed by burn injury induced significant elevations in mRNA and protein concentrations of pro-inflammatory mediators interleukin-6 (IL-6), KC, and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 compared with either insult alone or sham vehicle group. Additionally, EtOH exposure and burn injury significantly blunted inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), indicating a complex inflammatory response. Episodic binge EtOH exposure followed by burn injury exacerbated the postburn adipose inflammatory response. The magnitude of the episodic binge-induced inflammatory parameters postburn were 2- to 5-fold greater than the response detected after a single exposure of EtOH, indicating EtOH-induced potentiation of burn-induced inflammatory response. Finally, inflammatory loci and crown-like structures in adipose were significantly increased by episodic binge EtOH and burn injury. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report of binge and burn-induced crown-like structure formation. Evidence presented herein suggests an important role for alcohol and burn as an additional mediator of adipose inflammation in postburn injury, a common complication in burn patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Qin
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center, Departments of Nutrition and Medicine, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
94
|
Barallobre-Barreiro J, Chung YL, Mayr M. La proteómica y la metabolómica: los mecanismos de la enfermedad cardiovascular y el descubrimiento de biomarcadores. Rev Esp Cardiol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.recesp.2013.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
95
|
Barallobre-Barreiro J, Chung YL, Mayr M. Proteomics and metabolomics for mechanistic insights and biomarker discovery in cardiovascular disease. REVISTA ESPANOLA DE CARDIOLOGIA (ENGLISH ED.) 2013; 66:657-61. [PMID: 24776335 DOI: 10.1016/j.rec.2013.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2013] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
In the last decade, proteomics and metabolomics have contributed substantially to our understanding of cardiovascular diseases. The unbiased assessment of pathophysiological processes without a priori assumptions complements other molecular biology techniques that are currently used in a reductionist approach. In this review, we highlight some of the "omics" methods used to assess protein and metabolite changes in cardiovascular disease. A discrete biological function is very rarely attributed to a single molecule; more often it is the combined input of many proteins. In contrast to the reductionist approach, in which molecules are studied individually, "omics" platforms allow the study of more complex interactions in biological systems. Combining proteomics and metabolomics to quantify changes in metabolites and their corresponding enzymes will advance our understanding of pathophysiological mechanisms and aid the identification of novel biomarkers for cardiovascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuen-Li Chung
- Cancer Research UK and EPSRC Cancer Imaging Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Manuel Mayr
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College of London, London, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
96
|
Marzetti E, Calvani R, Cesari M, Buford TW, Lorenzi M, Behnke BJ, Leeuwenburgh C. Mitochondrial dysfunction and sarcopenia of aging: from signaling pathways to clinical trials. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2013; 45:2288-301. [PMID: 23845738 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2013.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 373] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Revised: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sarcopenia, the age-related loss of muscle mass and function, imposes a dramatic burden on individuals and society. The development of preventive and therapeutic strategies against sarcopenia is therefore perceived as an urgent need by health professionals and has instigated intensive research on the pathophysiology of this syndrome. The pathogenesis of sarcopenia is multifaceted and encompasses lifestyle habits, systemic factors (e.g., chronic inflammation and hormonal alterations), local environment perturbations (e.g., vascular dysfunction), and intramuscular specific processes. In this scenario, derangements in skeletal myocyte mitochondrial function are recognized as major factors contributing to the age-dependent muscle degeneration. In this review, we summarize prominent findings and controversial issues on the contribution of specific mitochondrial processes - including oxidative stress, quality control mechanisms and apoptotic signaling - on the development of sarcopenia. Extramuscular alterations accompanying the aging process with a potential impact on myocyte mitochondrial function are also discussed. We conclude with presenting methodological and safety considerations for the design of clinical trials targeting mitochondrial dysfunction to treat sarcopenia. Special emphasis is placed on the importance of monitoring the effects of an intervention on muscle mitochondrial function and identifying the optimal target population for the trial. This article is part of a Directed Issue entitled: Molecular basis of muscle wasting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Marzetti
- Department of Geriatrics, Neurosciences and Orthopedics, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart School of Medicine, Rome 00168, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
97
|
Tarantino G, Finelli C. What about non-alcoholic fatty liver disease as a new criterion to define metabolic syndrome? World J Gastroenterol 2013; 19:3375-3384. [PMID: 23801829 PMCID: PMC3683675 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i22.3375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Accepted: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is currently not a component of the diagnostic criteria for metabolic syndrome (MetS); however, the development of NAFLD has some common mechanisms with the development of MetS, as they share the pathophysiologic basis of insulin resistance. It is also recognized that NAFLD is the hepatic manifestation of MetS. To define MetS, the presence of at least three of the proposed criteria is required, and sometimes it is sufficient to have only one laboratory value, modified by diet or drugs, for the classification of MetS. Ultrasonographically-detected NAFLD (US-NAFLD) is more stable, only changing during the middle- to long-term. Although controversies over MetS continue, and considering that abdominal ultrasonography for diagnosing NAFLD has high specificity and guidelines to modify the natural course of NAFLD by diet composition or lifestyle have not yet been established, why should we not introduce US-NAFLD as a new criterion to define MetS?
Collapse
|
98
|
Cloonan SM, Choi AMK. Mitochondria: sensors and mediators of innate immune receptor signaling. Curr Opin Microbiol 2013; 16:327-38. [PMID: 23757367 PMCID: PMC6010029 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2013.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Revised: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
By integrating stress signals with inputs from other cellular organelles, eukaryotic mitochondria are dynamic sensing systems that can confer substantial impact on innate immune signaling in both health and disease. This review highlights recently discovered elements of innate immune receptor signaling (TLR, RLR, NLR, and CLR) associated with mitochondrial function and discusses the role of mitochondria in the initiation and/or manifestation of inflammatory diseases and disorders. We also highlight the role of mitochondria as therapeutic targets for inflammatory disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne M Cloonan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
99
|
Cassol E, Misra V, Holman A, Kamat A, Morgello S, Gabuzda D. Plasma metabolomics identifies lipid abnormalities linked to markers of inflammation, microbial translocation, and hepatic function in HIV patients receiving protease inhibitors. BMC Infect Dis 2013; 13:203. [PMID: 23641933 PMCID: PMC3655873 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-13-203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Metabolic abnormalities are common in HIV-infected individuals on antiretroviral therapy (ART), but the biochemical details and underlying mechanisms of these disorders have not been defined. Methods Untargeted metabolomic profiling of plasma was performed for 32 HIV patients with low nadir CD4 counts (<300 cells/ul) on protease inhibitor (PI)-based ART and 20 healthy controls using liquid or gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Effects of Hepatitis C (HCV) co-infection and relationships between altered lipid metabolites and markers of inflammation, microbial translocation, and hepatic function were examined. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering, principal component analysis (PCA), partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), Random forest, pathway mapping, and metabolite set enrichment analysis (MSEA) were performed using dChip, Metaboanalyst, and MSEA software. Results A 35-metabolite signature mapping to lipid, amino acid, and nucleotide metabolism distinguished HIV patients with advanced disease on PI-based ART from controls regardless of HCV serostatus (p<0.05, false discovery rate (FDR)<0.1). Many altered lipids, including bile acids, sulfated steroids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and eicosanoids, were ligands of nuclear receptors that regulate metabolism and inflammation. Distinct clusters of altered lipids correlated with markers of inflammation (interferon-α and interleukin-6), microbial translocation (lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and LPS-binding protein), and hepatic function (bilirubin) (p<0.05). Lipid alterations showed substantial overlap with those reported in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NALFD). Increased bile acids were associated with noninvasive markers of hepatic fibrosis (FIB-4, APRI, and YKL-40) and correlated with acylcarnitines, a marker of mitochondrial dysfunction. Conclusions Lipid alterations in HIV patients receiving PI-based ART are linked to markers of inflammation, microbial translocation, and hepatic function, suggesting that therapeutic strategies attenuating dysregulated innate immune activation and hepatic dysfunction may be beneficial for prevention and treatment of metabolic disorders in HIV patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edana Cassol
- Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
100
|
Leucine and protein metabolism in obese Zucker rats. PLoS One 2013; 8:e59443. [PMID: 23527196 PMCID: PMC3603883 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) are circulating nutrient signals for protein accretion, however, they increase in obesity and elevations appear to be prognostic of diabetes. To understand the mechanisms whereby obesity affects BCAAs and protein metabolism, we employed metabolomics and measured rates of [1-14C]-leucine metabolism, tissue-specific protein synthesis and branched-chain keto-acid (BCKA) dehydrogenase complex (BCKDC) activities. Male obese Zucker rats (11-weeks old) had increased body weight (BW, 53%), liver (107%) and fat (∼300%), but lower plantaris and gastrocnemius masses (−21–24%). Plasma BCAAs and BCKAs were elevated 45–69% and ∼100%, respectively, in obese rats. Processes facilitating these rises appeared to include increased dietary intake (23%), leucine (Leu) turnover and proteolysis [35% per g fat free mass (FFM), urinary markers of proteolysis: 3-methylhistidine (183%) and 4-hydroxyproline (766%)] and decreased BCKDC per g kidney, heart, gastrocnemius and liver (−47–66%). A process disposing of circulating BCAAs, protein synthesis, was increased 23–29% by obesity in whole-body (FFM corrected), gastrocnemius and liver. Despite the observed decreases in BCKDC activities per gm tissue, rates of whole-body Leu oxidation in obese rats were 22% and 59% higher normalized to BW and FFM, respectively. Consistently, urinary concentrations of eight BCAA catabolism-derived acylcarnitines were also elevated. The unexpected increase in BCAA oxidation may be due to a substrate effect in liver. Supporting this idea, BCKAs were elevated more in liver (193–418%) than plasma or muscle, and per g losses of hepatic BCKDC activities were completely offset by increased liver mass, in contrast to other tissues. In summary, our results indicate that plasma BCKAs may represent a more sensitive metabolic signature for obesity than BCAAs. Processes supporting elevated BCAA]BCKAs in the obese Zucker rat include increased dietary intake, Leu and protein turnover along with impaired BCKDC activity. Elevated BCAAs/BCKAs may contribute to observed elevations in protein synthesis and BCAA oxidation.
Collapse
|