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Zanini B, Covolo L, Marconi S, Marullo M, Viola GCV, Gelatti U, Maroldi R, Latronico N, Castellano M. Change in eating habits after 2 years of pandemic restrictions among adolescents living in a city in northern Italy: results of the COALESCENT Observational Study (Change amOng ItAlian adoLESCENTs). BMJ Nutr Prev Health 2024; 7:45-53. [PMID: 38966110 PMCID: PMC11221285 DOI: 10.1136/bmjnph-2023-000817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Lockdown measures during the recent pandemic, due to the novel COVID-19, affected several other aspects of lifestyle, but little is known about their long-term impact, especially among adolescents. Our study aimed to assess the long-term consequences of changes in diet, exercise and screen activity levels, sleep quality, smoke, smartphone addiction and emotional distress among a sample of Italian adolescents, 2 years after the beginning of the pandemic. Methods We submitted an online survey to high-school students in the province of Brescia, a city in Northern Italy, investigating changes in food consumption and in physical and screen activities, cooking skills, sleep duration and quality, emotional distress, smartphone addiction and nutrition knowledge. We assigned an Eating Habit Index (EHI) score from 0 to 54, reflecting a current worsening (lower score) or improvement (higher score) in overall diet quality, compared with the pre-pandemic period. The χ2 test or Fisher's exact probability test and Mann-Whitney test were used as appropriate; a binary logistic regression model was carried out, with EHI score≥33 as the dependent variable. Results We collected 1686 questionnaires. Consumption of healthy foods increased, as it was for ultraprocessed foods (UPFs). EHI score>33 (75° percentile value) was associated with female gender (OR 1.81, p<0.0001), better nutrition knowledge (OR 1.54, p=0.001), better cooking skills (OR 1.43, p=0.01), lower consumption of UPFs before the pandemic (OR 2.19, p<0.0001), self-perception of healthier diet quality (OR: 4.05, p<0.0001) and no smartphone addiction (OR: 1.35, p=0.02). Conclusions Considering the profound impact of lifestyle on both physical and mental health, our results could be relevant to understand how to promote healthy eating practices among young people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Zanini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Loredana Covolo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Silvia Marconi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Monica Marullo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Umberto Gelatti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Roberto Maroldi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Nicola Latronico
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Maurizio Castellano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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Dufault RJ, Adler KM, Carpenter DO, Gilbert SG, Crider RA. Nutritional epigenetics education improves diet and attitude of parents of children with autism or attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. World J Psychiatry 2024; 14:159-178. [PMID: 38327893 PMCID: PMC10845225 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v14.i1.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unhealthy maternal diet leads to heavy metal exposures from the consumption of ultra-processed foods that may impact gene behavior across generations, creating conditions for the neurodevelopmental disorders known as autism and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Children with these disorders have difficulty metabolizing and excreting heavy metals from their bloodstream, and the severity of their symptoms correlates with the heavy metal levels measured in their blood. Psychiatrists may play a key role in helping parents reduce their ultra-processed food and dietary heavy metal intake by providing access to effective nutritional epigenetics education. AIM To test the efficacy of nutritional epigenetics instruction in reducing parental ultra-processed food intake. METHODS The study utilized a semi-randomized test and control group pretest-posttest pilot study design with participants recruited from parents having a learning-disabled child with autism or ADHD. Twenty-two parents who met the inclusion criteria were randomly selected to serve in the test (n = 11) or control (n = 11) group. The test group participated in the six-week online nutritional epigenetics tutorial, while the control group did not. The efficacy of the nutritional epigenetics instruction was determined by measuring changes in parent diet and attitude using data derived from an online diet survey administered to the participants during the pre and post intervention periods. Diet intake scores were derived for both ultra-processed and whole/organic foods. Paired sample t-tests were conducted to determine any differences in mean diet scores within each group. RESULTS There was a significant difference in the diet scores of the test group between the pre- and post-intervention periods. The parents in the test group significantly reduced their intake of ultra-processed foods with a pre-intervention diet score of 70 (mean = 5.385, SD = 2.534) and a post-intervention diet score of 113 (mean = 8.692, SD = 1.750) and the paired t-test analysis showing a significance of P < 0.001. The test group also significantly increased their consumption of whole and/or organic foods with a pre-intervention diet score of 100 (mean = 5.882, SD = 2.472) and post-intervention diet score of 121 (mean = 7.118, SD = 2.390) and the paired t-test analysis showing a significance of P < 0.05. CONCLUSION Here we show nutritional epigenetics education can be used to reduce ultra-processed food intake and improve attitude among parents having learning-disabled children with autism or ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee J Dufault
- College of Graduate Health Studies, A.T. Still University, Kirksville, MO 63501, United States
- Department of Research, Food Ingredient and Health Research Institute, Naalehu, HI 96772, United States
| | - Katherine M Adler
- Department of Health Sciences, University of New Haven, West Haven, CT 06516, United States
| | - David O Carpenter
- Institute for Health and the Environment, School of Public Health, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222, United States
| | - Steven G Gilbert
- Department of Research, Food Ingredient and Health Research Institute, Naalehu, HI 96772, United States
- Department of Research, Institute of Neurotoxicology and Neurological Disorders, Seattle, WA 98105, United States
| | - Raquel A Crider
- Department of Statistics, Food Ingredient and Health Research Institute, Naalehu, HI 96772, United States
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Carreira NP, Lima MCD, Travieso SG, Sartorelli DS, Crivellenti LC. [Maternal factors associated with habitual consumption of ultra-processed foods during pregnancy]. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2024; 29:e16302022. [PMID: 38198329 DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232024291.16302022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The scope of the study was to investigate the relationship between maternal sociodemographic, obstetric and lifestyle characteristics and the habitual consumption of ultra-processed foods. It included a cross-sectional study of n = 784 pregnant women attended by the Unified Health System. Diet was estimated using two 24-hour recall surveys, using the multiple-pass method. Ultra-processed foods were classified using the UN NOVA food classification and their habitual consumption was expressed as the contribution to the total energy percentage. Adjusted linear regression models were used to investigate the relationship between maternal characteristics and the percentage of energy (%E) derived from ultra-processed foods. The %E of ultra-processed foods in the diet was 32.1%. Maternal age (-0.45[-0.62; -0.29] p < 0.001), economic bracket D+E in relation to A+B (-2.95[-5.59; -0.32] p = 0.03) and energy underreporting (-6.95[-8.86; -5.04] p < 0.001) were inversely associated with the %E of ultra-processed foods, whereas the pre-pregnancy Body Mass Index (BMI) (0.41[0.22; 0.60] p < 0.001) was directly associated. This would suggest that maternal age, economic status, energy underreporting and pre-gestational anthropometric status are associated with the consumption of ultra-processed foods during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Posses Carreira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Pública, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo. Av. Bandeirantes 3900. 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto SP Brasil.
| | - Maria Carolina de Lima
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Pública, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo. Av. Bandeirantes 3900. 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto SP Brasil.
| | - Sofia Germano Travieso
- Curso de Nutrição e Metabolismo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo. Ribeirão Preto SP Brasil
| | - Daniela Saes Sartorelli
- Departamento de Medicina Social, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo. Ribeirão Preto SP Brasil
| | - Lívia Castro Crivellenti
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Pública, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo. Av. Bandeirantes 3900. 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto SP Brasil.
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Sun KA, Moon J. Assessing Antecedents of Restaurant's Brand Trust and Brand Loyalty, and Moderating Role of Food Healthiness. Nutrients 2023; 15:5057. [PMID: 38140316 PMCID: PMC10745655 DOI: 10.3390/nu15245057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to apply DINESERV to a food brand: Shake Shack. Six sub-dimensions (e.g., taste, healthiness, employee service, price fairness, ambience, and convenience) were adopted. This study used brand trust and brand loyalty to explain attributes. This research additionally assessed the moderating impact of healthiness on the relationship between taste and brand loyalty. For data collection, this study used Amazon Mechanical Turk. The main instrument of this research is a survey. The number of valid observations was 353. Confirmatory factor analysis and a correlation matrix were used to ensure the convergent and discriminant validity of measurement items. Structural equation modeling was employed for hypothesis testing. Plus, Hayes process macro model 1 was employed to test the moderating effect of healthiness. Results indicated that brand trust was positively associated with taste (p < 0.05), employee service (p < 0.05), and ambience (p < 0.05), while brand loyalty was positively associated with taste (p < 0.05), healthiness (p < 0.05), price fairness (p < 0.05), ambience (p < 0.05), and brand trust (p < 0.05). However, the convenience of casual restaurants appeared as a non-significant attribute to account for both brand trust and brand loyalty. The results also revealed that healthiness negatively moderates the relationship between taste and brand loyalty (p < 0.05). This study sheds light on the literature by demonstrating the accountability of DINESERV to casual dining customer behavior. Also, this research presents information for the assistance of brand management in the domain of casual dining sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-A Sun
- Department of Tourism Management, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea;
| | - Joonho Moon
- Department of Tourism Administration, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
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Kaur P, Choudhary M, Sharma S. Fatty acid profiling and oxidative stability of biscuits available in the market of the city of Ludhiana, India. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21791. [PMID: 38065989 PMCID: PMC10709446 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44228-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
India has occupied third position in biscuit manufacturing with an average production of 1.95 million tonnes. The major ingredients in biscuit manufacturing are refined wheat flour, sugar and fat. Fat to be used must be chosen carefully as it affects quality of final product in terms of fatty acid composition and oxidative stability. Therefore, the present work was planned to study fatty acid profile of highly consumed baked products of biscuit family such as biscuits and cookies available in market. The study was carried out to do fatty acid profiling of a range of highly consumed baked products of biscuit family as a primary objective and also, to determine oxidative stability of these products by analysing peroxide value and free fatty acid content. The most commonly consumed packaged and unpackaged bakery products were selected and were bought from the local market of Ludhiana city on the basis of a survey conducted on 200 subjects. The selected products were analysed for fatty acid composition and oxidative stability using standard methods. Fatty acid profiling of 22 bakery products of biscuit family was done. Palmitic acid was the most abundant among all fatty acids in packaged and unpackaged samples. Peroxide value of all the products even after storage period of three months was found below the permissible limits (< 10 meq/kg). Free fatty acids value of all the products also did not cross acceptable level of 0.5 percent. Out of total selected eight brands, six were national and two were international. Amount of palmitic acid was higher in the products belonging to local brands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhjot Kaur
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004, India
| | - Monika Choudhary
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004, India.
| | - Sanjula Sharma
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004, India
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de Azevedo ABC, Bandoni DH, de Amorim ALB, Canella DS. Evaluation of food purchasing in the Brazilian School Feeding Programme: feasibility of the requirements and recommendations. Public Health Nutr 2023; 26:3331-3342. [PMID: 37905595 PMCID: PMC10755429 DOI: 10.1017/s136898002300229x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyse the purchase of food for school feeding, according to the extent and purpose of industrial processing and variety, exploring the feasibility of achieving the requirements and recommendations of the Brazilian School Feeding Programme, and the variety of unprocessed or minimally processed foods according to the purchase of ultra-processed foods. DESIGN Secondary data from 2016 from the Accountability Management System of the National Fund for Educational Development, concerning the food items purchased, were used to explore the feasibility of the requirements and recommendations. The foods were grouped according to the NOVA classification system. Variety was assessed by counting different types of unprocessed or minimally processed foods. SETTING Brazil. PARTICIPANTS 3698 Brazilian municipalities. RESULTS Energy share from unprocessed or minimally processed foods was 44·1 % while that of ultra-processed foods was 29·9 %. The average of unprocessed or minimally processed food types purchased annually was 33·8 items. Of the municipalities, 35·8 % were within the limit established for the expenditure of funds for the purchase of processed and ultra-processed foods, while 8·7 % followed the recommendation for variety. The proportion of ultra-processed foods did not influence the variety of food items purchased. CONCLUSIONS The results showed the feasibility of achieving the requirements and recommendations and underscored the importance of continued efforts to promote the inclusion of unprocessed or minimally processed foods in the school feeding programme while addressing the challenges associated with expenditure limits of processed and ultra-processed foods and enhancing variety, which is strategic to promote adequate and healthy meals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Beatriz Coelho de Azevedo
- Rio de Janeiro State University, Institute of Nutrition, Rua São Francisco Xavier, nº 524, Maracanã, Pavilhão João Lyra Filho, 12º andar, Bloco E, sala 12002, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Daniel Henrique Bandoni
- Federal University of São Paulo, Center of Practices and Research in Nutrition and Collective Food Services, Edifício Central – Rua Silva Jardim, nº 136, Vila Matias, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Daniela Silva Canella
- Rio de Janeiro State University, Institute of Nutrition, Rua São Francisco Xavier, nº 524, Maracanã, Pavilhão João Lyra Filho, 12º andar, Bloco E, sala 12002, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Schratz LM, Larkin O, Dos Santos N, Martin C. Caregiver Influences on Eating Behaviors in Children: An Opportunity for Preventing Obesity. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2023; 25:1035-1045. [PMID: 38032429 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-023-01171-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review seeks to define caregiver practices that impact childhood eating behaviors and identify ways to utilize these relationships to prevent childhood obesity. RECENT FINDINGS Childhood obesity, which correlates with adult obesity and increased cardiovascular risk, is increasing in prevalence and severity. Caregivers play a significant role in shaping a child's eating behaviors and their predisposition to obesity. Maternal influences during pregnancy and infancy impact a child's future food preferences. Caregiver feeding styles (authoritarian, authoritative, indulgent, and uninvolved) are associated with distinct effects on children's eating behaviors and self-regulation. Authoritative feeding styles promote child autonomy while setting boundaries in the feeding environment. Early caregiver education and coaching regarding nutrition and feeding practices is beneficial to establishing healthy eating behaviors for children. Various caregivers, including parents, grandparents, siblings, teachers, and others, influence a child's eating habits at different stages of development. These caregivers can both positively and negatively impact a child's diet. Comprehensive interventions involving these various caregivers to promote healthy eating practices in children is ideal. Such interventions should be sensitive to cultural and environmental factors. Childhood obesity is a complex issue with long-term health effects. Early intervention using comprehensive approaches including all caregivers, community support, and public policies to address the social determinants of health will be beneficial. Future research should focus on valid outcome measures and equitable interventions that encompass all aspects of a child's life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorraine M Schratz
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children and Harvard Medical School, 175 Cambridge Street, 5Th Floor , Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Olivia Larkin
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children and Harvard Medical School, 175 Cambridge Street, 5Th Floor , Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nilse Dos Santos
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children and Harvard Medical School, 175 Cambridge Street, 5Th Floor , Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christine Martin
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children and Harvard Medical School, 175 Cambridge Street, 5Th Floor , Boston, MA, USA
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Lee KX, Quek KF, Ramadas A. Dietary and Lifestyle Risk Factors of Obesity Among Young Adults: A Scoping Review of Observational Studies. Curr Nutr Rep 2023; 12:733-743. [PMID: 38038894 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-023-00513-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Obesity is a growing public health concern worldwide, especially among young adults. This scoping review aims to identify and summarize the current evidence on dietary and lifestyle risk factors associated with obesity among young adults. RECENT FINDINGS A scoping review was performed using the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. A systematic search of five electronic databases published from inception to October 2023 was conducted. A total of 46 observational studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. The findings suggest that high intake of energy-dense foods, unhealthy eating habits, poor sleep quality, and increased screen time were significant risk factors for obesity among young adults. In contrast, the association between obesity and sedentary behavior, low physical activity levels, alcohol consumption, and smoking habits was inconclusive. The reviewed evidence suggests that unhealthy dietary habits and lifestyle behaviors are associated with an increased risk of obesity among young adults. The findings highlight the need for further research on these modifiable risk factors to prevent and manage obesity among young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Xin Lee
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Kia Fatt Quek
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Amutha Ramadas
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia.
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Mediratta S, Ghosh S, Mathur P. Intake of ultra-processed food, dietary diversity and the risk of nutritional inadequacy among adults in India. Public Health Nutr 2023; 26:2849-2858. [PMID: 37781767 PMCID: PMC10755415 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980023002112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study assessed diet diversity and consumption of ultra-processed foods and explored its impact on macronutrient intake and risk of micronutrient inadequacy. DESIGN Cross-sectional, non-probability snowball sampling. SETTING Nutrient intake was assessed using 24-h dietary recall method and diet diversity through FAO-diet diversity score (DDS). Mann-Whitney U test was used to assess differences in risk of inadequacy across gender. Spearman's rank correlation assessed associations between energy contributed by ultra-processed food and risk of nutrient inadequacy. PARTICIPANTS A total of 589 adults (20-40 years) belonging to upper-middle and high-income groups. RESULTS The average individual DDS was 4·4 ± 0·6. Most of the participants (>80 %) had intakes less than national recommendations of pulses/eggs/flesh foods, milk/milk products, fruits, vegetables and nuts. Ultra-processed foods contributed to 17 % of total energy intake, 12 % of protein, 17 % of carbohydrate, 29 % of added sugar, 20 % of total fat and 33 % of Na intake. The average risk of nutrient inadequacies for Zn (98 % v. 75 %), folate (67 % v. 22 %) and niacin (83 % v. 44 %) was higher among males than females (P < 0·001). The average risk of nutrient inadequacies for Fe (58 % v. 7 %), vitamin B6 (95 % v. 90 %) and vitamin A (68 % v. 44 %) was higher among females than males (P < 0·001). There was a positive correlation between energy contributed by ultra-processed food and risk of niacin (ρ = 0·136, P = 0·001) and folate (ρ = 0·089, P = 0·049) inadequacy. CONCLUSION Reformulating ultra-processed food to reduce fat, sugar and salt and increase micronutrients and behaviour change communication strategies that promote dietary diversity will improve micronutrient adequacy and diet quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srishti Mediratta
- Department of Food and Nutrition and Food Technology, Lady Irwin College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Santu Ghosh
- Department of Biostatistics, St John’s Medical College, Bangalore, India
| | - Pulkit Mathur
- Department of Food and Nutrition and Food Technology, Lady Irwin College, University of Delhi, Sikandra Road, Mandi House, New Delhi, 110001, India
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Kokkinopoulou A, Katsiki N, Pagkalos I, Rodopaios NE, Koulouri AA, Vasara E, Papadopoulou SK, Skepastianos P, Hassapidou M, Kafatos AG. Consumption of Ultra-Processed Food and Drink Products in a Greek Christian Orthodox Church Fasting Population. Nutrients 2023; 15:4907. [PMID: 38068765 PMCID: PMC10708049 DOI: 10.3390/nu15234907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The positive effects of the Mediterranean diet on healthy living are widely known, while the health effects of religious fasting have received increased attention during the last decade. However, no study has focused on the consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPFs) in such populations. Therefore, our aim was to investigate UPF intake and its association with metabolic syndrome (MetS) in a Christian Orthodox church (COC) religious fasting population in Greece. In this cross-sectional study, 400 individuals who follow the Mediterranean diet were included, stratified as COC fasters and non-fasters. Dietary intake data were collected via three 24 h diet recalls and a monthly food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). The NOVA food classification system was used to identify the level of processing and categorize all food items. Fasters consumed significantly less chicken, turkey, and beef and significantly more seafood, fish, snails, soy products, and fresh fruits, in terms of unprocessed or minimally processed foods, as well as significantly more fried potatoes and olives in terms of processed foods when compared with non-fasters. Regarding UPFs, a significantly lower intake of pork sausages, ketchup, and mustard as well as a significantly higher consumption of margarine and tarama dip were recorded in fasters compared with non-fasters. Fasters with MetS more frequently consumed UPFs (such as cheese pastries, biscuits, and cakes) than fasters without MetS (p < 0.05 for all comparisons). Similarly, non-fasters with MetS had an increased intake of UPFs (such as Cypriot bread and Coco Pops breakfast cereals) than non-fasters without MetS. Future research should focus on UPF consumption and its associations with clinical outcomes in such populations, thus providing further data for the potential health effects of COC fasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kokkinopoulou
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Nutrition Unit, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 70013 Crete, Greece (A.G.K.)
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece (I.P.); (S.K.P.)
| | - Niki Katsiki
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece (I.P.); (S.K.P.)
- School of Medicine, European University Cyprus, 2404 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Ioannis Pagkalos
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece (I.P.); (S.K.P.)
| | - Nikolaos E. Rodopaios
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Nutrition Unit, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 70013 Crete, Greece (A.G.K.)
| | - Alexandra-Aikaterini Koulouri
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece (I.P.); (S.K.P.)
| | - Eleni Vasara
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Sousana K. Papadopoulou
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece (I.P.); (S.K.P.)
| | - Petros Skepastianos
- Department of Medical Laboratory Studies, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Maria Hassapidou
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece (I.P.); (S.K.P.)
| | - Anthony G. Kafatos
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Nutrition Unit, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 70013 Crete, Greece (A.G.K.)
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Wood B, Robinson E, Baker P, Paraje G, Mialon M, van Tulleken C, Sacks G. What is the purpose of ultra-processed food? An exploratory analysis of the financialisation of ultra-processed food corporations and implications for public health. Global Health 2023; 19:85. [PMID: 37957671 PMCID: PMC10644600 DOI: 10.1186/s12992-023-00990-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent decades there has been a global rise in consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPFs) to the detriment of population health and the environment. Large corporations that have focused heavily on low-cost manufacturing and extensive marketing of UPFs to maximise profits have driven this dietary transition. The same corporations claim to serve the interests of multiple 'stakeholders', and that they are contributing to sustainable development. This paper aimed to test these claims by examining the degree to which UPF corporations have become 'financialised', focusing on the extent to which they have prioritised the financial interests of their shareholders relative to other actors, as well as the role that various types of investors have played in influencing their governance. Findings were used to inform discussion on policy responses to improve the healthiness of population diets. METHODS We adopted an exploratory research design using multiple methods. We conducted quantitative analysis of the financial data of U.S. listed food and agricultural corporations between 1962 and 2021, share ownership data of a selection of UPF corporations, and proxy voting data of a selection of investors between 2012 and 2022. We also conducted targeted narrative reviews using structured and branching searches of academic and grey literature. RESULTS Since the 1980s, corporations that depend heavily on manufacturing and marketing UPFs to generate profits have been increasingly transferring money to their shareholders relative to their total revenue, and at a level considerably higher than other food and agricultural sectors. In recent years, large hedge fund managers have had a substantial influence on the governance of major UPF corporations in their pursuit of maximising short-term returns. In comparison, shareholders seeking to take steps to improve population diets have had limited influence, in part because large asset managers mostly oppose public health-related shareholder proposals. CONCLUSIONS The operationalisation of 'shareholder primacy' by major UPF corporations has driven inequity and undermines their claims that they are creating 'value' for diverse actors. Measures that protect population diets and food systems from the extractive forces of financialisation are likely needed as part of efforts to improve the healthiness of population diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Wood
- Global Centre for Preventive Health and Nutrition, Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.
| | - Ella Robinson
- Global Centre for Preventive Health and Nutrition, Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Phillip Baker
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Guillermo Paraje
- Business School, Universidad Adolfo Ibañez, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Mélissa Mialon
- Trinity Business School, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Gary Sacks
- Global Centre for Preventive Health and Nutrition, Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
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Lucha-López MO, Hidalgo-García C, Lucha-López AC, Monti-Ballano S, Márquez-Gonzalvo S, Ferrández-Laliena L, Tricás-Vidal HJ, Tricás-Moreno JM. Determinants of Consumption of Vegetables among the Spanish Population: A Cross-Sectional Study. Foods 2023; 12:4030. [PMID: 37959149 PMCID: PMC10648819 DOI: 10.3390/foods12214030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The consumption of vegetables is one of the fundamentals of a healthy diet. The purposes of the present study were to describe the frequency of consumption of vegetables in the general Spanish population and to explore the relations between the consumption of vegetables and sex, age, cohabitation circumstances, educational level, and body mass index (BMI). METHODS An analytical cross-sectional study was accomplished based on data from the European Health Survey in Spain (2020). RESULTS A total of 20,745 (52.1% women) subjects with a median age of 54 years old were included. Only 2.8% of them ate vegetables at least three times a day. The adjusted generalized linear model showed that being a woman increased the odds of consuming vegetables at least three times a day by 1.666 times (p < 0.001). Not cohabiting as a couple decreased the odds by 0.783 (p < 0.001). Having studied at a university increased the odds by 1.812 times (p < 0.001) and possessing a certificate of higher education by 1.408 (p = 0.030). Being overweight decreased the odds by 0.924 (p = 0.006). For every additional year of age, the odds of consuming vegetables at least three times a day increased by 1.3% (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The vast majority of the general Spanish population did not consume an optimal amount of vegetables. Women, people with higher levels of education, and older individuals reported having a more frequent intake of vegetables. Not cohabiting as a couple and being overweight were related to a less frequent intake of vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Orosia Lucha-López
- Unidad de Investigación en Fisioterapia, Spin off Centro Clínico OMT-E Fisioterapia SLP, Universidad de Zaragoza, Domingo Miral s/n, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (M.O.L.-L.); (S.M.-B.); (S.M.-G.); (L.F.-L.); (H.J.T.-V.); (J.M.T.-M.)
| | - César Hidalgo-García
- Unidad de Investigación en Fisioterapia, Spin off Centro Clínico OMT-E Fisioterapia SLP, Universidad de Zaragoza, Domingo Miral s/n, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (M.O.L.-L.); (S.M.-B.); (S.M.-G.); (L.F.-L.); (H.J.T.-V.); (J.M.T.-M.)
| | - Ana Carmen Lucha-López
- Unidad de Investigación en Fisioterapia, Universidad de Zaragoza, Domingo Miral s/n, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Sofía Monti-Ballano
- Unidad de Investigación en Fisioterapia, Spin off Centro Clínico OMT-E Fisioterapia SLP, Universidad de Zaragoza, Domingo Miral s/n, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (M.O.L.-L.); (S.M.-B.); (S.M.-G.); (L.F.-L.); (H.J.T.-V.); (J.M.T.-M.)
| | - Sergio Márquez-Gonzalvo
- Unidad de Investigación en Fisioterapia, Spin off Centro Clínico OMT-E Fisioterapia SLP, Universidad de Zaragoza, Domingo Miral s/n, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (M.O.L.-L.); (S.M.-B.); (S.M.-G.); (L.F.-L.); (H.J.T.-V.); (J.M.T.-M.)
| | - Loreto Ferrández-Laliena
- Unidad de Investigación en Fisioterapia, Spin off Centro Clínico OMT-E Fisioterapia SLP, Universidad de Zaragoza, Domingo Miral s/n, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (M.O.L.-L.); (S.M.-B.); (S.M.-G.); (L.F.-L.); (H.J.T.-V.); (J.M.T.-M.)
| | - Héctor José Tricás-Vidal
- Unidad de Investigación en Fisioterapia, Spin off Centro Clínico OMT-E Fisioterapia SLP, Universidad de Zaragoza, Domingo Miral s/n, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (M.O.L.-L.); (S.M.-B.); (S.M.-G.); (L.F.-L.); (H.J.T.-V.); (J.M.T.-M.)
| | - José Miguel Tricás-Moreno
- Unidad de Investigación en Fisioterapia, Spin off Centro Clínico OMT-E Fisioterapia SLP, Universidad de Zaragoza, Domingo Miral s/n, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (M.O.L.-L.); (S.M.-B.); (S.M.-G.); (L.F.-L.); (H.J.T.-V.); (J.M.T.-M.)
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Anastasiou K, Ribeiro De Melo P, Slater S, Hendrie GA, Hadjikakou M, Baker PK, Lawrence MA. From harmful nutrients to ultra-processed foods: exploring shifts in 'foods to limit' terminology used in national food-based dietary guidelines. Public Health Nutr 2023; 26:2539-2550. [PMID: 36458692 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980022002580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The choice of terms used to describe 'foods to limit' (FTL) in food-based dietary guidelines (FBDG) can impact public understanding, policy translation and research applicability. The choice of terms in FBDG has been influenced by available science, values, beliefs and historical events. This study aimed to analyse the terms used and definitions given to FTL in FBDG around the world, including changes over time and regional differences. DESIGN A review of terms used to describe FTL and their definitions in all current and past FBDG for adults was conducted, using a search strategy informed by the FAO FBDG website. Data from 148 guidelines (96 countries) were extracted into a pre-defined table and terms were organised by the categories 'nutrient-based', 'food examples' or 'processing-related'. SETTING National FBDG from all world regions. PARTICIPANTS None. RESULTS Nutrient-based terms (e.g. high-fat foods) were the most frequently used type of term in both current and past dietary guidelines (91 %, 85 %, respectively). However, food examples (e.g. cakes) and processing-related terms (e.g. ultra-processed foods) have increased in use over the past 20 years and are now often used in conjunction with nutrient-based terms. Regional differences were only observed for processing-related terms. CONCLUSION Diverse, and often poorly defined, terms are used to describe FTL in FBDG. Policymakers should ensure that FTL terms have clear definitions and can be integrated with other disciplines and understood by consumers. This may facilitate the inclusion of the most contemporary and potentially impactful terminology in nutrition research and policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Anastasiou
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Building J, Holland Ave, Burwood, VIC3125, Australia
| | - Patricia Ribeiro De Melo
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Building J, Holland Ave, Burwood, VIC3125, Australia
| | - Scott Slater
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Building J, Holland Ave, Burwood, VIC3125, Australia
| | | | - Michalis Hadjikakou
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Phillip K Baker
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Building J, Holland Ave, Burwood, VIC3125, Australia
- Institute of Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Mark Andrew Lawrence
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Building J, Holland Ave, Burwood, VIC3125, Australia
- Institute of Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
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Sakthivel K, Gilbert RJ. Food as medicine: establishing a scalable foundation using data-guided and supermarket-based dietary interventions and modern online shopping tools. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2023; 56:514-517. [PMID: 37605062 DOI: 10.1007/s11239-023-02874-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Karthikeyan Sakthivel
- Medical Sciences Undergraduate Program, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Richard J Gilbert
- Ocean State Research Institute and Research Service, Providence VA Medical Center, 830 Chalkstone Avenue, Building 35, Providence, RI, 02908, USA.
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65
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Zapata ME, Cediel G, Arrieta E, Rovirosa A, Carmuega E, Monteiro CA. Ultra-processed foods consumption and diet quality among preschool children and women of reproductive age from Argentina. Public Health Nutr 2023; 26:2304-2313. [PMID: 36522679 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980022002543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the association between the consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPF) and diet quality among preschool children and women of reproductive age from Argentina. DESIGN Cross-sectional and nationally representative survey. The food items were classified according to the NOVA system. Consumption of fruits, vegetables, legumes, nuts, seeds and wholegrains was estimated, and the energy and nutrients related to non-communicable disease (NCD) intake. Linear regression was used to assess the associations. SETTING Argentina. PARTICIPANTS Children aged 2-5 years (n 7022), female adolescent aged 10-19 years (n 2165) and women aged 20-49 years (n 4414). RESULTS UPF represented more than a quarter of total energy intake, 27 % in children, 31 % in female adolescents and 26 % in women. Across all age groups, the major contributors to UPF consumption were cookies and pastries (about 6·0-7·0 %), soft drinks (about 2·7-3·7 %), candies (about 1·8-4·6 %), and juices (about 1·3-1·7 %). The consumption of fresh vegetables, fresh fruits and legumes was negatively associated with UPF consumption. A significant positive association was found between the dietary share of UPF and the dietary content of NCD-promoting nutrients such as free sugars and total saturated and trans-fats. In contrast, a significant negative association was found with the content of NCD-protective such as fibre and protein. CONCLUSIONS UPF were associated with lower consumption of healthy foods and higher intake of nutrients related to NCD in children and women of reproductive age in Argentina. It is necessary to design food policies that simultaneously reduce the consumption of UPF while promoting the intake of fresh and whole foods to improve the dietary quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Elisa Zapata
- Center of Studies in Child Nutrition Dr. Alejandro O´Donnell (CESNI), Cerrito 1136 1° Floor, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, 1010, Argentina
| | - Gustavo Cediel
- University of Antioquia, School of Nutrition and Dietetics, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia
| | - Ezequiel Arrieta
- Multidisciplinary Institute of Plant Biology (IMBIV), CONICET and National University of Cordoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Alicia Rovirosa
- Center of Studies in Child Nutrition Dr. Alejandro O´Donnell (CESNI), Cerrito 1136 1° Floor, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, 1010, Argentina
| | - Esteban Carmuega
- Center of Studies in Child Nutrition Dr. Alejandro O´Donnell (CESNI), Cerrito 1136 1° Floor, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, 1010, Argentina
| | - Carlos A Monteiro
- Center for Epidemiological Research in Nutrition and Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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66
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Martin ȘA, Martin-Hadmaș RM. A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Dietary Patterns in Healthy Adolescents: Energy Balance, Nutrient Intake, Body Mass, and Serum Marker Alterations. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1714. [PMID: 37892377 PMCID: PMC10605147 DOI: 10.3390/children10101714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: With shifts in daily dietary habits, concerns have arisen regarding potential impacts on metabolic health. This study sought to investigate the interplay between nutrient intake and its effects on the anthropometric and inflammatory profiles of young individuals. (2) Methods: Our approach examined the interrelation of caloric, macronutrient, and vitamin intakes with inflammatory markers, serum cholesterol, triglycerides, and other key metrics. The impact of these factors on body mass and inflammation was evaluated. (3) Results: This study found that while increased caloric intake corresponded to a rise in body fat mass, it did not significantly alter body weight, total protein, or fat profile. A dominant carbohydrate intake negatively correlated with vitamin B consumption. Interestingly, only vitamin K showcased a direct association with IL-6, while IL-8 remained unassociated with dietary intake and body mass metrics. (4) Conclusions: Dietary intake undeniably influences nutrient consumption and subsequently affects body mass metrics. Though an escalation in body fat mass was evident with increased food intake, the relationship between vitamins and inflammatory markers, based on macronutrient and caloric intake, remains inconclusive. The findings point to the potential regulatory roles of proteins and select vitamins in inflammation, emphasizing the need for deeper longitudinal studies to further validate these connections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ștefan Adrian Martin
- Department of Physiology, Center for Advanced Medical and Pharmaceutical Research, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mureș, Gheorghe Marinescu 38, 540139 Târgu Mures, Romania
| | - Roxana Maria Martin-Hadmaș
- Department of Community Nutrition and Food Safety, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mureș, Gheorghe Marinescu 38, 540139 Târgu Mureș, Romania;
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67
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Hilton S, Vaczy C, Buckton C, Patterson C, Smith MJ. Expert views on high fat, salt and sugar food marketing policies to tackle obesity and improve dietary behaviours in the UK: a qualitative study. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1951. [PMID: 37814236 PMCID: PMC10561510 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16821-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There has been a lack of progress in reducing obesity in the United Kingdom (UK) despite Government strategies released over the last 30 years. These strategies, including the most recent publication from July 2020, have focused on childhood obesity and high fat, sugar and/or salt (HFSS) marketing restrictions, particularly broadcast advertising. In this study, we aimed to examine a range of expert views on the potential impact and the relative importance of such policies. METHODS Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 42 experts in policy (n = 19), industry (n = 10), and advocacy (n = 13) with an interest in obesity. The UK Government's 2020 obesity strategy was used as a prompt to guide discussion on policy options. Qualitative thematic analysis was employed to answer the three research questions and themes were inductively coded within each research question. Data were also cross compared using matrix coding and a form of framework analysis to examine the views expressed by the different types of stakeholders. RESULTS Reactions to the July 2020 proposal were mixed among policy and advocacy stakeholders, while commercial stakeholders expressed disappointment. A main theme emerging in all groups was frustration with the policy process and wishing to see more clarity regarding restrictions and their implementation. There was an overall lack of trust that the government would carry out their proposed plan and agreement that a more comprehensive, multi-sector approach aimed at the underlying drivers of obesity would be most effective, with some stakeholders indicating that some of the proposed policies could make a difference if implemented robustly. On the theme of promoting healthier options, some stakeholders suggested lowering the prices of 'healthy' products and making them more accessible to combat regressivity. There was a potentially surprising level of agreement between policy/advocacy stakeholders and commercial stakeholders, although commercial stakeholders were more likely to advocate for collaboration between government and industry as well as voluntary industry measures. CONCLUSION While HFSS marketing restrictions have a role to play and send a strong signal - provided they are implemented comprehensively - investment in these policies needs to be part of wider efforts to tackle the underlying drivers of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shona Hilton
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, 99 Berkeley Square, Glasgow, G3 7HR, UK
| | - Caroline Vaczy
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, 99 Berkeley Square, Glasgow, G3 7HR, UK.
| | - Christina Buckton
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, 99 Berkeley Square, Glasgow, G3 7HR, UK
| | - Chris Patterson
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, 99 Berkeley Square, Glasgow, G3 7HR, UK
| | - Marissa J Smith
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, 99 Berkeley Square, Glasgow, G3 7HR, UK
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68
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Bhaskar SMM. Editorial: Digital strategies to reduce salt consumption. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1244216. [PMID: 37860796 PMCID: PMC10584306 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1244216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sonu M. M. Bhaskar
- Global Health Neurology Lab, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Neurovascular Imaging Laboratory, Clinical Sciences Stream, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
- Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Liverpool Hospital and South West Sydney Local Health District, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
- NSW Brain Clot Bank, NSW Health Pathology, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Stroke and Neurology Research Group, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
- Department of Neurology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
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69
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Lafave LMZ, Hayek J, Lafave MR. Update and validation of the Canadian Behavior, Attitude and Nutrition Knowledge Survey (C-BANKS 2.0). Front Public Health 2023; 11:1261146. [PMID: 37860797 PMCID: PMC10584322 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1261146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim Understanding knowledge, attitudes and behaviors related to nutrition is crucial in developing effective intervention strategies to promote healthy eating habits. This study revised and updated the Canadian Behavior, Attitude and Nutrition Knowledge Survey (C-BANKS) to align with the current Canada's Food Guide and dietary guidance and report on its reliability and validity with a new population. Method Data from 167 early childhood educators were recruited to test the revised C-BANKS' reliability and validity. Reliability, as measured by internal consistency, was assessed using Cronbach's alpha, while concurrent validity was determined by correlating the C-BANKS 2.0 scores with the CHEERS (Creating Healthy Eating and Active Environments Survey) and Mindful Eating Questionnaire (MEQ). Responsiveness was assessed by comparing a baseline C-BANKS 2.0 score to a post-test score after completing an online healthy eating and physical activity educational intervention. Results The adapted C-BANKS 2.0 questionnaire demonstrated good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha >0.70) and construct validity with related measures CHEERS and MEQ (p < 0.05). The C-BANKS 2.0 demonstrated strong responsiveness. Specifically, C-BANKS 2.0 scores increased after the nutrition education intervention (p < 0.001). Additionally, there were no signs of floor or ceiling effects. Conclusion The adapted C-BANKS 2.0 demonstrated satisfactory internal consistency, construct validity, and responsiveness to measure of nutrition knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors in an early childhood educator population. The revised C-BANKS 2.0 provides insight into the key factors that influence dietary habits thereby informing the design and evaluation of effective nutrition community intervention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynne M. Z. Lafave
- Department of Health and Physical Education, Mount Royal University, Calgary, AB, Canada
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70
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Rivera-Mateos M, Ramos-Lopez O. Prevalence of food addiction and its association with lifestyle factors in undergraduate students from Northwest Mexico. J Addict Dis 2023; 41:308-316. [PMID: 36005830 DOI: 10.1080/10550887.2022.2116252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of food addiction (FA) in undergraduate students from Northwest Mexico and to examine its association with lifestyle factors, eating behaviors and food consumption.Methods: This cross-sectional study included a total of 326 undergraduate students, both sexes, between 18 and 25 years of age, who were enrolled in a bachelor's degree program at a public or private university in the city of Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico. FA was assessed using the modified Yale Food Addiction Scale Version 2.0 (mYFAS 2.0). Lifestyle (sleep patterns, physical exercise, alcohol intake, and smoking) and nutritional information (eating behaviors and food frequency consumption) was obtained through a clinical history. A multivariate logistic regression model was fitted to assess the factors associated with FA.Results: The whole prevalence of FA was 12.9%. In general, mild FA was the most frequent (5.2%), followed by severe (4.3%) and moderate (3.4%) categories. In the multivariate model, insomnia conferred a higher risk for FA (OR = 2.08, 95% CI, 1.04-4.17, p = 0.040), while the habitual consumption of fruits showed a protective effect (OR = 0.50, 95% CI, 0.25-0.98, p = 0.046). Overall, the model predicted FA in 12% (R2=0.12, p = 0.011).Conclusion: The prevalence of FA is 12.9% among undergraduate students from Northwest Mexico. Although caution should be exercised, insomnia seems to increase the risk of FA, while the habitual consumption of fruits appears to have a protective role. Additional studies are needed to validate these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Rivera-Mateos
- Medicine and Psychology School, Autonomous University of Baja California, Tijuana, Mexico
| | - Omar Ramos-Lopez
- Medicine and Psychology School, Autonomous University of Baja California, Tijuana, Mexico
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Naspolini NF, Sichieri R, Barbosa Cunha D, Alves Pereira R, Faerstein E. Dietary patterns, obesity markers and leukocyte telomere length among Brazilian civil servants: cross-sectional results from the Pro-Saude study. Public Health Nutr 2023; 26:2076-2082. [PMID: 37231745 PMCID: PMC10564599 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980023001064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dietary patterns express the combination and variety of foods in the diet. The partial least squares method allows extracting dietary patterns related to a specific health outcome. Few studies have evaluated obesity-related dietary patterns associated with telomeres length. This study aims to identify dietary patterns explaining obesity markers and to assess their association with leukocyte telomere length (LTL), a biological marker of the ageing process. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING University campuses in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. PARTICIPANTS 478 participants of a civil servants' cohort study with data on food consumption, obesity measurements (total body fat, visceral fat, BMI, leptin and adiponectin) and blood samples. RESULTS Three dietary patterns were extracted: (1) fast food and meat; (2) healthy and (3) traditional pattern, which included rice and beans, the staple foods most consumed in Brazil. All three dietary patterns explained 23·2 % of food consumption variation and 10·7 % of the obesity-related variables. The fast food and meat pattern were the first factor extracted, explaining 11-13 % variation of the obesity-related response variables (BMI, total body fat and visceral fat), leptin and adiponectin showed the lowest percentage (4·5-0·1 %). The healthy pattern mostly explained leptin and adiponectin variations (10·7 and 3·3 %, respectively). The traditional pattern was associated with LTL (β = 0·0117; 95 % CI 0·0001, 0·0233) after adjustment for the other patterns, age, sex, exercise practice, income and energy intake. CONCLUSION Leukocyte telomere length was longer among participants eating a traditional dietary pattern that combines fruit, vegetables and beans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rosely Sichieri
- Instituto de Medicina Social, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ20550-900, Brasil
| | - Diana Barbosa Cunha
- Instituto de Medicina Social, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ20550-900, Brasil
| | - Rosangela Alves Pereira
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Departamento de Nutrição Social e Aplicada, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Eduardo Faerstein
- Instituto de Medicina Social, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ20550-900, Brasil
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Tan LJ, Hwang SB, Shin S. The Longitudinal Effect of Ultra-Processed Food on the Development of Dyslipidemia/Obesity as Assessed by the NOVA System and Food Compass Score. Mol Nutr Food Res 2023; 67:e2300003. [PMID: 37650269 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Ultra-processing food (UPF) has been a nutrition and health interest. This study is aimed to investigate the association between UPF consumption and the risk of obesity or dyslipidemia. METHODS AND RESULTS This study is performed using an ongoing cohort study including 17 310 individuals aged ≥40 years in South Korea. UPF is categorized by the NOVA system and FCS, respectively. After an average 5-year follow-up, there is a positive association between NOVA-defined UPF and dyslipidemia. The risk of the Q4 group is almost 20% higher than that of the Q1 group (men, adjusted HR = 1.209 [95% CI 1.039-1.407], women, adjusted HR = 1.195 [95% CI 1.096-1.303]). Consuming high-FCS foods (less processed and healthier foods) show a lower risk for dyslipidemia in both sexes and lower obesity risk in women compared to low-FCS consumption (men, dyslipidemia, adjusted HR = 0.857 [95% CI 0.744-0.988]; women, dyslipidemia, adjusted HR = 0.919 [95% CI 0.850-0.993], obesity, adjusted HR = 0.759 [95% CI 0.628-0.916]). CONCLUSION Higher UPF intakes assessed by the NOVA system and FCS are associated with increased incidences of dyslipidemia and obesity. Furthermore, NOVA-defined UPF shows a statistically significant negative association with AMED score, indicating poor diet quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Juan Tan
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do, 17546, South Korea
| | - Su Bin Hwang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do, 17546, South Korea
| | - Sangah Shin
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do, 17546, South Korea
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73
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Fretes G, Corvalán C, Economos CD, Wilson NLW, Cash SB. Ultra-processed food consumption is associated with variations in daily routines in elementary schoolchildren during the COVID-19 pandemic in Chile. Public Health Nutr 2023; 26:1956-1967. [PMID: 37528627 PMCID: PMC10564603 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980023001593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the association between child ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption and home-school learning environment characteristics during school closures due to the COVID-19 pandemic in schoolchildren with low- and middle income in Chile. DESIGN Cross-sectional. UPF consumption was collected using the Nova screener. We apply the structured days hypothesis (SDH) to assess home-school learning environment characteristics with three constructs that summarised school preparedness for online teaching and learning, school closure difficulties for caregivers and child routine. We explored associations between child UPF consumption and home-school environment characteristics using multivariate linear regression analyses after controlling for child demographic and school characteristics. SETTING Low- and middle-income neighbourhoods in southeastern Santiago, Chile. PARTICIPANTS Children from the Food Environment Chilean Cohort (n 428, 8-10 years old). RESULTS Based on the Nova score, child mean consumption of UPF was 4·3 (sd 1·9) groups. We found a statistically significant negative association between child routine for eating, play and study and child UPF consumption when we adjusted for child sociodemographic (model 1: β = -0·19, (95 % CI -0·40, 0·02)) and school characteristics (model 2: β = -0·20, (95 % CI -0·41, 0·00)). Associations between school preparedness for online teaching or school closure difficulties and UPF were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Variations in child routines during the COVID-19 pandemic were negatively associated with UPF intake in schoolchildren with low- and middle income. Our findings are consistent with the SDH, suggesting the school environment helps regulate eating behaviours. Future research should evaluate what happens when children return to in-person classes at school.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Fretes
- International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), 1201 Eye St NW, Washington, DC20005, USA
| | - Camila Corvalán
- Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Avda. Macul 5524, Santiago7830489, Chile
| | - Christina D Economos
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, 150 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA02111, USA
| | - Norbert LW Wilson
- Duke Divinity School, Sanford School of Public Policy, and World Food Policy Center, Duke University, 407 Chapel Drive, Durham, NC, 27708-0968, USA
| | - Sean B Cash
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, 150 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA02111, USA
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Mazloomi SN, Talebi S, Mehrabani S, Bagheri R, Ghavami A, Zarpoosh M, Mohammadi H, Wong A, Nordvall M, Kermani MAH, Moradi S. The association of ultra-processed food consumption with adult mental health disorders: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of 260,385 participants. Nutr Neurosci 2023; 26:913-931. [PMID: 36094005 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2022.2110188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies examining the relationship between ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption and the risk of mental health disorders. METHODS The ISI Web of Science, PubMed/MEDLINE, and Scopus databases were searched without date restriction until 28 December 2021. Data were extracted from 26 studies, including 260,385 participants from twelve countries. Risk ratios for mental health disorders were pooled by a random-effects model. RESULTS Meta-analyses suggested that UPF consumption was associated with an increased risk of depression (RR = 1.28; 95% CI: 1.19, 1.38; I2 = 61.8%; p = 0.022) but not anxiety (RR = 1.35; 95% CI: 0.86, 2.11; I2 = 77.8%; p = 0.198). However, when analyzed for the dietary assessment method, UPF consumption was significantly associated with an enhanced risk of depression among studies utilizing food frequency questionnaires (RR = 1.31; 95% CI: 1.21, 1.41; I2 = 60.0%; p < 0.001) as opposed to other forms of dietary recall approaches. Additionally, for every 10% increase in UPF consumption per daily calorie intake, 11% higher risk of depression (RR = 1.11; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.17; I2 = 88.9%; p < 0.001) was observed among adults. Dose-response analysis further emphasized a positive linear association between UPF consumption with depression risk (p-nonlinearity = 0.819, p-dose-response = p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that UPF consumption is related to an enhanced depressive mental health status risk. There may be different causes for this increased risk, and further studies are needed to investigate if there is a causal relationship between consumption of UPF and mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyadeh Narges Mazloomi
- The Health of Plant and Livestock Products Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Food and Drug Administration, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Sepide Talebi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Science, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sanaz Mehrabani
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Bagheri
- Department of Exercise Physiology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Abed Ghavami
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Zarpoosh
- General Practitioner, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Hamed Mohammadi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Science, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alexei Wong
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Marymount University, Arlington, VA, United States
| | - Michael Nordvall
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Marymount University, Arlington, VA, United States
| | - Mohammad Ali Hojjati Kermani
- Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Masih Daneshvari Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sajjad Moradi
- Nutritional Sciences Department, School of Nutritional Sciences and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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75
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Liu Z, Huang H, Zeng Y, Chen Y, Xu C. Association between ultra-processed foods consumption and risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a population-based analysis of NHANES 2011-2018. Br J Nutr 2023; 130:996-1004. [PMID: 36522692 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114522003956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
An increasing number of studies have evaluated the association between ultra-processed foods (UPF) consumption and metabolic disorders. However, the association between UPF intake and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remains unclear. In this study, we analysed data from 6545 participants who were recruited in National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 2011-2018. UPF were defined in light of the NOVA food classification system and divided into quartiles based on its proportion of total weight intake. Complex logistic regression models were used to assess the association between UPF and NAFLD. Mediation analyses were conducted to reveal underlying mediators. We found that NAFLD patients consumed more UPF than controls (925·92 ± 18·08 v. 812·70 ± 14·32 g/d, P < 0·001). Dietary intake of UPF (% weight) was negatively related to the Healthy Eating Index-2015 score (Spearman r = -0·32, P < 0·001). In the multivariable model, the highest quartile compared with the lowest, the OR (95 % CI) were 1·83 (1·33, 2·53) for NAFLD (OR per 10 % increment: 1·15; 95 % CI: 1·09, 1·22; P for trend < 0·001) and 1·52 (1·12, 2·07) for insulin resistance (OR per 10 % increment: 1·11; 95 % CI: 1·05, 1·18; P for trend = 0·002). Mediation analyses revealed that poor diet quality, high saturated fat and refined grain intake partly mediated the association between UPF and NAFLD. In conclusion, high UPF intake was associated with an increased risk of NAFLD in US adults. Further prospective studies are needed to verify these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhening Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Hangkai Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zeng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Yishu Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengfu Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou310003, People's Republic of China
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Hu G, Flexner N, Tiscornia MV, L’Abbé MR. Accelerating the Classification of NOVA Food Processing Levels Using a Fine-Tuned Language Model: A Multi-Country Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:4167. [PMID: 37836451 PMCID: PMC10574618 DOI: 10.3390/nu15194167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The consumption and availability of ultra-processed foods (UPFs), which are associated with an increased risk of noncommunicable diseases, have increased in most countries. While many countries have or are planning to incorporate UPF recommendations in their national dietary guidelines, the classification of food processing levels relies on expertise-based manual categorization, which is labor-intensive and time-consuming. Our study utilized transformer-based language models to automate the classification of food processing levels according to the NOVA classification system in the Canada, Argentina, and US national food databases. We showed that fine-tuned language models using the ingredient list text found on food labels as inputs achieved a high overall accuracy (F1 score of 0.979) in predicting the food processing levels of Canadian food products, outperforming traditional machine learning models using structured nutrient data and bag-of-words. Most of the food categories reached a prediction accuracy of 0.98 using a fined-tuned language model, especially for predicting processed foods and ultra-processed foods. Our automation strategy was also effective and generalizable for classifying food products in the Argentina and US databases, providing a cost-effective approach for policymakers to monitor and regulate the UPFs in the global food supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanlan Hu
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada; (G.H.); (N.F.)
| | - Nadia Flexner
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada; (G.H.); (N.F.)
| | | | - Mary R. L’Abbé
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada; (G.H.); (N.F.)
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Farias DR, Anjos LAD, Freitas MBD, Berti TL, Andrade PG, Alves-Santos NH, Leite MA, Raymundo CE, Lacerda EMDA, Boccolini CS, Castro IRRD, Kac G, Vertulli Carneiro LB, Bertoni N, Normando P, Machado Schincaglia R. Malnutrition in mother-child dyads in the Brazilian National Survey on Child Nutrition (ENANI-2019). CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2023; 39Suppl 2:e00085622. [PMID: 37792878 PMCID: PMC10552619 DOI: 10.1590/0102-311xen085622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Malnutrition affects billions of individuals worldwide and represents a global health challenge. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of malnutrition (undernutrition or overweight) among mother-child dyads in children under 5 years old in Brazil in 2019 and to estimate changes in this prevalence from 2006 to 2019. Individual-level data from the Brazilian National Survey on Child Nutrition (ENANI-2019) and the Brazilian National Survey of Demography and Health of Women and Children carried out in 2006 (PNDS 2006) were analyzed. Malnutrition outcomes in mother-child dyads included overweight mother and child, undernourished mother and child, and the double burden of malnutrition, i.e., overweight mother and child having any form of undernourishment (stunting, wasting, or underweight). Prevalence and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were estimated. Most women (58.2%) and 9.7% of the children were overweight, 6.9% were stunted, and 3.1% of mothers and 2.9% of the children were underweight. The prevalence of overweight in the mother-child dyad was 7.8% and was statistically higher in Southern Brazil (9.7%; 95%CI: 7.5; 11.9) than in the Central-West (5.4%; 95%CI: 4.3; 6.6). The prevalence of overweight mother and stunted child was 3.5%, with statistically significant difference between the extremes of the mother's education [0-7 vs. ≥ 12 years, 4.8% (95%CI: 3.2; 6.5) and 2.1%, (95%CI: 1.2; 3.0), respectively]. Overweight in the dyad increased from 5.2% to 7.8%, and the double burden of malnutrition increased from 2.7% to 5.2% since 2006. Malnutrition in Brazilian mother-child dyads seems to be a growing problem, and dyads with lower formal education, higher maternal age, and from the South Region of Brazil were more vulnerable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayana Rodrigues Farias
- Instituto de Nutrição Josué de Castro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | | | - Maiara Brusco de Freitas
- Instituto de Nutrição Josué de Castro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Talita Lelis Berti
- Instituto de Nutrição Josué de Castro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Pedro Gomes Andrade
- Instituto de Nutrição Josué de Castro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Nadya Helena Alves-Santos
- Instituto de Estudos em Saúde e Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Sul e Sudeste do Pará, Belém, Brasil
| | | | - Carlos Eduardo Raymundo
- Instituto de Estudos em Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | | | - Cristiano Siqueira Boccolini
- Instituto de Comunicação e Informação Científica e Tecnológica em Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | | | - Gilberto Kac
- Instituto de Nutrição Josué de Castro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
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Bork LV, Baumann M, Stobernack T, Rohn S, Kanzler C. Colorants and Antioxidants Deriving from Methylglyoxal and Heterocyclic Maillard Reaction Intermediates. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1788. [PMID: 37760091 PMCID: PMC10525816 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12091788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The Maillard reaction is well known for producing antioxidant compounds alongside colored substances. Low-molecular-weight antioxidant intermediates such as maltol (MAL) or norfuraneol (NF) are well described, but it is still unclear which of these Maillard intermediates are the precursors of antioxidant and colored melanoidins-the so-called late stage Maillard reaction products. This study aimed to provide novel insights into the correlation between browning potential and antioxidant properties of reaction products formed during the heat treatment of prominent Maillard reaction intermediates. It was achieved by the incubation of binary reaction systems composed of methylglyoxal (MGO) or NF in combination with furfural (FF), MAL, and pyrrole-2-carbaldehyde (PA) at pH 5 and 130 °C for up to 120 min. Overall, it could be shown that the formation of colored products in the binary NF reaction systems was more efficient compared to those of MGO. This was reflected in an increased browning intensity of up to 400% and a lower conversion rate of NF compared to MGO. The colorants formed by NF and FF or PA (~0.34 kDa and 10-100 kDa) were also found to exhibit higher molecular weights compared to the analogue products formed in the MGO incubations (<0.34 kDa and 10-100 kDa). The incorporation of NF into these heterogenous products with FF and PA resulted in the preservation of the initial antioxidant properties of NF (p < 0.05), whereas no antioxidant products were formed after the incubation of MGO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon Valentin Bork
- Department of Food Chemistry and Analysis, Institute of Food Technology and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, 13355 Berlin, Germany; (M.B.); (S.R.)
| | - Maximilian Baumann
- Department of Food Chemistry and Analysis, Institute of Food Technology and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, 13355 Berlin, Germany; (M.B.); (S.R.)
| | - Tobias Stobernack
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8–10, 10589 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Sascha Rohn
- Department of Food Chemistry and Analysis, Institute of Food Technology and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, 13355 Berlin, Germany; (M.B.); (S.R.)
| | - Clemens Kanzler
- Department of Food Chemistry and Analysis, Institute of Food Technology and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, 13355 Berlin, Germany; (M.B.); (S.R.)
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Milsom P, Tomoaia-Cotisel A, Smith R, Modisenyane SM, Walls H. Using System Dynamics to Understand Transnational Corporate Power in Diet-Related Non-communicable Disease Prevention Policy-Making: A Case Study of South Africa. Int J Health Policy Manag 2023; 12:7641. [PMID: 38618803 PMCID: PMC10590239 DOI: 10.34172/ijhpm.2023.7641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Complex interactions between political economy factors and corporate power are increasingly recognized to prevent transformative policy action on non-communicable disease (NCD) prevention. System science offers promising methods for analysing such causal complexity. This study uses qualitative system dynamics methods to map the political economy of diet-related NCD (DR-NCD) prevention policy-making aiming to better understand the policy inertia observed in this area globally. METHODS We interviewed 25 key policy actors. We analysed the interviews using purposive text analysis (PTA). We developed individual then combined casual loop diagrams to generate a shared model representing the DR-NCD prevention policy-making system. Key variables/linkages identified from the literature were also included in the model. We validated the model in several steps including through stakeholder validation interviews. RESULTS We identified several inter-linked feedback processes related to political economy factors that may entrench different forms of corporate power (instrumental, structural, and discursive) in DR-NCD prevention policy-making in South Africa over time. We also identified a number of feedback processes that have the potential to limit corporate power in this setting. CONCLUSION Using complex system methods can be useful for more deeply understanding DR-NCD policy inertia. It is also useful for identifying potential leverage points within the system which may shift the existing power dynamics to facilitate greater political commitment for healthy, equitable, and sustainable food system transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penelope Milsom
- Department of Global Health and Development, Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | | | - Richard Smith
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Simon Moeketsi Modisenyane
- Department of Global Health and Development, Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Helen Walls
- Department of Global Health and Development, Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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Bellitti JS, Fazzino TL. Discounting of Hyper-Palatable Food and Money: Associations with Food Addiction Symptoms. Nutrients 2023; 15:4008. [PMID: 37764791 PMCID: PMC10536694 DOI: 10.3390/nu15184008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Delay discounting (DD), the tendency to prefer small, immediate rewards over larger, delayed rewards, is associated with health-risk behaviors. The study examined associations between DD for money and hyper-palatable foods (HPF) with food addiction (FA) symptoms among a general population sample. METHODS Participants (N = 296) completed an adjusting DD task that consisted of a single-commodity condition with HPF as the reward (HPF now vs. HPF later) and cross-commodity conditions comparing money and HPF (money now vs. HPF later; HPF now vs. money later). The Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0 was used to assess FA symptoms. Zero-inflated negative binomial regression models tested whether discounting of HPF and money was associated with FA symptoms. RESULTS Findings indicated there were no significant associations between DD and FA symptoms in the single-commodity HPF condition (logit: OR = 1.02, p-value = 0.650; count: IRR = 1.04, p-value = 0.515). There were no significant associations among cross-commodity conditions comparing money now vs. HPF later (logit: OR = 0.96, p-value = 0.330; count: IRR = 1.02, p-value = 0.729) or conditions comparing HPF now vs. money later (logit: OR = 1.02, p-value = 0.682; count: IRR = 0.92, p-value = 0.128) and FA symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Discounting HPF may not be a key behavioral feature among individuals who endorse FA symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph S. Bellitti
- Department of Psychology, The University of Kansas, Fraser Hall, 1415 Jayhawk Blvd., Lawrence, KS 66045, USA;
- Cofrin Logan Center for Addiction Research and Treatment, University of Kansas, 1000 Sunnyside Ave, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Tera L. Fazzino
- Department of Psychology, The University of Kansas, Fraser Hall, 1415 Jayhawk Blvd., Lawrence, KS 66045, USA;
- Cofrin Logan Center for Addiction Research and Treatment, University of Kansas, 1000 Sunnyside Ave, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
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Pan F, Zhang T, Mao W, Zhao F, Luan D, Li J. Ultra-Processed Food Consumption and Risk of Overweight or Obesity in Chinese Adults: Chinese Food Consumption Survey 2017-2020. Nutrients 2023; 15:4005. [PMID: 37764788 PMCID: PMC10537323 DOI: 10.3390/nu15184005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Overweight and obesity have increased rapidly in the past few decades in China, and less research has focused on the association between the consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPFs) and overweight or obesity in Chinese adults. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship of UPF consumption with the risk of overweight or obesity in Chinese adults. Residents aged 18 years and above who participated in the nationally representative survey Chinese Food Consumption Survey in 2017-2020 were included in this study. Dietary intake data were collected via non-consecutive three-day 24 h dietary recalls and weighing household foods and condiments. According to the NOVA food classification system, UPFs were classified depending on the purpose and extent of food processing. Multiple logistic regression and multivariate-adjusted restricted cubic spline (RCS) regressions were performed to estimate the association between UPF consumption (categorized into quartiles: quartile 1 (Q1), quartile 2 (Q2), quartile 3 (Q3), and quartile 4 (Q4)) and risk of overweight or obesity. A total of 38,658 adults aged 18 years and above participated in the present study. The prevalence of overweight and obesity in adults was 33.0% (95% CI: 32.91-33.10) and 9.6% (95% CI 9.55-9.67), respectively. After a multivariable adjustment, the risk of overweight or obesity was increased by 10% in Q3 (OR: 1.10, 95% CI: 1.04-1.17) compared to Q1 as a reference. Women (OR: 1.10, 95% CI: 1.01-1.20) and adults living in small and medium-sized cities (OR: 1.13, 95% CI: 1.01-1.26) with higher UPF consumption had higher odds of overweight or obesity. Nevertheless, the effect of higher UPF consumption on the risk of overweight or obesity was relatively weak for overall adults in China. The top three categories of subgroups consumption of UPFs were 1: sugar-sweetened beverages; 2: sauces, cheeses, spreads, and gravies; and 3: ultra-processed breads and breakfast cereals. These findings provide evidence that higher UPF consumption was positively associated with overweight or obesity, which was defined based on Chinese criteria among women and adults living in small and medium-sized cities in China. Further studies, such as intervention trials, are needed to identify the mechanism of correlation between the consumption of UPFs and health-related outcomes in Chinese adults. From a public health perspective, with the prevalence of overweight and obesity growing and the increase in UPF consumption in Chinese adults, it is necessary to promote healthy food intake and a balanced diet through active nutritional education actions for overweight and obesity prevention and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Pan
- China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100022, China
| | - Tongwei Zhang
- China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100022, China
| | - Weifeng Mao
- China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100022, China
| | - Fanglei Zhao
- China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100022, China
| | - Dechun Luan
- Liaoning Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenyang 110005, China
| | - Jianwen Li
- China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100022, China
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Shafto K, Vandenburgh N, Wang Q, Breen J. Experiential Culinary, Nutrition and Food Systems Education Improves Knowledge and Confidence in Future Health Professionals. Nutrients 2023; 15:3994. [PMID: 37764777 PMCID: PMC10535872 DOI: 10.3390/nu15183994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The food system plays a crucial role in the relationship between environmental, population and individual health. While leading healthcare and environmental organizations call for urgent action to address climate-planetary-human health crises, it is often challenging for healthcare organizations to respond at a systems level to these concerns. Additionally, there is little consensus and limited research exploring how future health professionals should be trained in order to work at both the individual and systems level to address or prevent the negative health impacts related to the current food system. The intervention of a 6-week, hands-on cooking and nutrition course for graduate health professional students which examines these intersections and equips students with clinically applicable skills was examined using matched pre- and post-course surveys and thematic analysis of reflective assignments. Results indicate improved knowledge and confidence in areas including understanding the food system, guiding patients through dietary change, working interprofessionally, and applying basic nutrition concepts to clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Shafto
- Department of Medicine, Hennepin Healthcare, 701 Park Avenue, Minneapolis, MN 55415, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, 420 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Natalie Vandenburgh
- University of Minnesota School of Public Health, and University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Chef Ann Foundation, Boulder, CO 80301, USA
| | - Qi Wang
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
| | - Jenny Breen
- Faculty in Culinary Nutrition, Bakken Center for Spirituality and Healing, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Faculty, College of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
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Lopes KLS, Figueiredo N, Kattah FM, Lima GC, Oliveira ES, Horst MA, Oyama LM, Dâmaso AR, Whitton RGM, de Souza Abreu V, Duarte ACS, Pimentel GD, Corgosinho FC. The degree of food processing can influence serum fatty acid and lipid profiles in women with severe obesity. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1046710. [PMID: 37786791 PMCID: PMC10541961 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1046710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The increase in the prevalence of obesity is associated with the increase in the consumption of ultra-processed foods and may be related to the increase in the disorders involving metabolism and the transport and storage of fatty acids. Objective To evaluate the effect of processed food consumption according to the degree of processing on the serum fatty acid levels and lipid profile of women with severe obesity. Methods This was a cross-sectional study. Data were collected from anthropometric assessments, the food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), and blood tests for lipidogram studies and serum fatty acid measurements. The foods consumed were identified through the FFQ and classified according to the degree of processing based on the NOVA rating, and the frequencies of consumption were transformed into scores, as proposed by Fornés methodology. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics, version 21. The significance level for the analysis was set at 5%. Results This study included 44 women with a mean age of 40.59 years and mean body mass index of 48.61 kg/m2. An inverse association was observed between the consumption of unprocessed and the occurrence of hypertriglyceridemia (p = 0.021) and levels of triglycerides (p = 0.047), total cholesterol (p = 0.030), and very low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (p = 0.039). The consumption of processed foods was positively associated with the presence of hypertriglyceridemia (p = 0.044) and omega 6/3 ratio (p = 0.001) and negatively associated with total omega 3 levels (p = 0.011). The consumption of processed foods was positively associated with total cholesterol (p = 0.041) and negatively associated with the omega 3/6 ratio (p = 0.001). A negative correlation was found between the average consumption of ultra-processed foods (at least once a week) and serum level of high-density lipoprotein (p = 0.035). Conclusion The consumption of processed and ultra-processed foods was associated with unfavorable lipid profiles and fatty acid levels in women with severe obesity. These results emphasize the importance of promoting the consumption of unprocessed food to mitigate metabolic disorders linked to processed food intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karem Lays Soares Lopes
- Post-Graduation Program in Nutrition and Health, Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Goiás – PPGNUT-FANUT-UFG, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Nayra Figueiredo
- Post-Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Martins Kattah
- Post-Graduation Program in Nutrition and Health, Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Goiás – PPGNUT-FANUT-UFG, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Glaucia Carielo Lima
- Post-Graduation Program in Nutrition and Health, Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Goiás – PPGNUT-FANUT-UFG, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Emilly Santos Oliveira
- Post-Graduation Program in Nutrition and Health, Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Goiás – PPGNUT-FANUT-UFG, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Maria Aderuza Horst
- Post-Graduation Program in Nutrition and Health, Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Goiás – PPGNUT-FANUT-UFG, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Lila Missae Oyama
- Nutrition Physiology Laboratory, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Raimunda Dâmaso
- Post-Graduation Program in Nutrition, Paulista Medicine School, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Amélia Cristina Stival Duarte
- Post-Graduation Program in Nutrition and Health, Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Goiás – PPGNUT-FANUT-UFG, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Duarte Pimentel
- Post-Graduation Program in Nutrition and Health, Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Goiás – PPGNUT-FANUT-UFG, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
- Post-Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Flávia Campos Corgosinho
- Post-Graduation Program in Nutrition and Health, Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Goiás – PPGNUT-FANUT-UFG, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
- Post-Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
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84
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Barbosa BB, Nielsen L, de Aguiar BS, Failla MA, Araújo LF, Mendes LL, Machado SP, Carioca AAF. Local Food Environment and Consumption of Ultra-Processed Foods: Cross-Sectional Data from the Nutritionists' Health Study-NutriHS. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6749. [PMID: 37754609 PMCID: PMC10531343 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20186749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to analyze whether community food environments are associated with individual food consumption among nutrition students and newly graduated nutritionists. This cross-sectional study used data from the Nutritionists' Health Study cohort, which included 357 undergraduate nutrition students from the city of Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. Exposure to the food environment was defined as the proximity and availability of food outlets within a 500 m buffer from the participants' homes. Food consumption was assessed using a Food Frequency Questionnaire and analyzed according to the NOVA classification. Multi-level linear regression models with fixed effects were used to estimate the presence of food outlets within the buffer and their association with food consumption. The presence of mini-markets in the buffer in the fourth quartile was associated with lower consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPF) when observing socioeconomic and lifestyle conditions (β = -3.29; 95% CI = -6.39 to -0.19). The presence of bakeries and coffee shops was related to lower consumption of ultra-processed foods among participants when observing socioeconomic conditions (β = -3.10; 95% CI = -6.18 to -0.02). There was no clear evidence of an association between the type of food outlet and UPF consumption. The community food environment seemed to influence food consumption among study participants, although clearer and more consistent evidence on this subject is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brena Barreto Barbosa
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition and Health, Ceará State University, Fortaleza 60714-903, CE, Brazil; (B.B.B.)
| | - Lucca Nielsen
- Coordination of Epidemiology and Information, Municipal Health Department of São Paulo, São Paulo 01002-900, SP, Brazil (M.A.F.)
| | - Breno Souza de Aguiar
- Coordination of Epidemiology and Information, Municipal Health Department of São Paulo, São Paulo 01002-900, SP, Brazil (M.A.F.)
| | - Marcelo Antunes Failla
- Coordination of Epidemiology and Information, Municipal Health Department of São Paulo, São Paulo 01002-900, SP, Brazil (M.A.F.)
| | - Larissa Fortunato Araújo
- Graduate Program in Public Health, Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60020-181, CE, Brazil
| | - Larissa Loures Mendes
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Soraia Pinheiro Machado
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition and Health, Ceará State University, Fortaleza 60714-903, CE, Brazil; (B.B.B.)
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85
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Flint M, Bowles S, Lynn A, Paxman JR. Novel plant-based meat alternatives: future opportunities and health considerations. Proc Nutr Soc 2023; 82:370-385. [PMID: 36603854 DOI: 10.1017/s0029665123000034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Present food systems threaten population and environmental health. Evidence suggests reduced meat and increased plant-based food consumption would align with climate change and health promotion priorities. Accelerating this transition requires greater understanding of determinants of plant-based food choice. A thriving plant-based food industry has emerged to meet consumer demand and support dietary shift towards plant-based eating. 'Traditional' plant-based diets are low-energy density, nutrient dense, low in saturated fat and purportedly associated with health benefits. However, fast-paced contemporary lifestyles continue to fuel growing demand for meat-mimicking plant-based convenience foods which are typically ultra-processed. Processing can improve product safety and palatability and enable fortification and enrichment. However, deleterious health consequences have been associated with ultra-processing, though there is a paucity of equivocal evidence regarding the health value of novel plant-based meat alternatives (PBMAs) and their capacity to replicate the nutritional profile of meat-equivalents. Thus, despite the health halo often associated with plant-based eating, there is a strong rationale to improve consumer literacy of PBMAs. Understanding the impact of extensive processing on health effects may help to justify the use of innovative methods designed to maintain health benefits associated with particular foods and ingredients. Furthering knowledge regarding the nutritional value of novel PBMAs will increase consumer awareness and thus support informed choice. Finally, knowledge of factors influencing engagement of target consumer subgroups with such products may facilitate production of desirable, healthier PBMAs. Such evidence-based food manufacturing practice has the potential to positively influence future individual and planetary health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Flint
- Food and Nutrition Subject Group, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield S1 1WB, UK
| | - Simon Bowles
- Food and Nutrition Subject Group, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield S1 1WB, UK
| | - Anthony Lynn
- Food and Nutrition Subject Group, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield S1 1WB, UK
| | - Jenny R Paxman
- Food and Nutrition Subject Group, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield S1 1WB, UK
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86
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Watson WL, Richmond K, Hughes C. Comparison of nutrition profiling models for food marketing regulation. Nutr Diet 2023; 80:372-376. [PMID: 37218092 DOI: 10.1111/1747-0080.12814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
AIM Regulation on food marketing to children is a recommended response to childhood obesity rates. Policy requires country-relevant criteria to determine which foods are eligible to be advertised. This study aims to compare six nutrition profiling models for use in food marketing regulation in Australia. METHODS Advertisements on the outside of buses in five suburban Sydney transport hubs were photographed. Food and beverages advertised were analysed using the Health Star Rating; three models developed for food marketing regulation: the Australian Health Council guide and two World Health Organization models; the NOVA system; and the Nutrient Profiling Scoring Criterion used in Australian advertising industry codes. The proportion and types of products advertised on the buses that would be permitted by each of the six models were then analysed. RESULTS A total of 603 advertisements were identified. Of those, over a quarter of the advertisements were for foods and beverages (n = 157, 26%) and 2.3% (n = 14) for alcohol. Among the food and non-alcoholic beverage advertisements, 84% were for unhealthy foods according to the Health Council guide. The Health Council guide would permit 31% unique foods to be advertised. The NOVA system would permit the least proportion of foods to be advertised (16%), while the Health Star Rating (40%), and Nutrient Profiling Scoring Criterion (38%) would permit the most. CONCLUSION The Australian Health Council guide is the recommended model for food marketing regulation because it aligns with dietary guidelines by excluding discretionary foods from advertising. Australian governments can use the Health Council guide to develop policy in the National Obesity Strategy to protect children from marketing of unhealthy food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy L Watson
- Cancer Prevention and Advocacy Division, Cancer Council NSW, Woolloomooloo, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Korina Richmond
- Cancer Prevention and Advocacy Division, Cancer Council NSW, Woolloomooloo, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Clare Hughes
- Cancer Prevention and Advocacy Division, Cancer Council NSW, Woolloomooloo, New South Wales, Australia
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Filho OCDSB, Peres WAF, Spinelli RR, Peniche BX, Silverio RN, da Costa VM, Luescher JL, Ribeiro SML, Vicente BM, Cunha LVSD, Padilha PDC. Evaluation of the dietary inflammatory index in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus and its relationship with nutritional status and metabolic control. Nutrition 2023; 113:112082. [PMID: 37321044 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2023.112082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of the dietary inflammatory index (DII) with the nutritional status and metabolic control of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study that examined data of children and adolescents ages 7 to 16 y diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Dietary intake was assessed using a 24-h dietary recall, from which the DII was calculated. The outcomes were body mass index, lipid profiles (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol), and glycated hemoglobin. The DII was evaluated in tertiles and in a continuous way. Multiple linear regression was adopted in the analysis, with P < 0.05 considered significant. RESULTS Overall, 120 children and adolescents with a mean age of 11.7 (± 2.8) y were included, 53.3% (n = 64) of whom were girls. Excess weight was present in 31.7% participants (n = 38). The average DII was +0.25, ranging from -1.11 to +2.67. Higher values of selenium (P = 0.011), zinc (P = 0.001), fiber (P < 0.001), and other micronutrients were observed in the first tertile of the DII (diet with more antiinflammatory potential). The DII appeared as a predictor of body mass index (P = 0.002; β = 0.23; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.39-1.75) and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P = 0.034; β = 0.19; 95% CI, -13.5 to 0.55). There was a tendency for DII to be associated with glycemic control (P = 0.09; β = 0.19; 95% CI, -0.04 to 0.51). CONCLUSIONS The inflammatory potential of the diet was associated with increased body mass index and aspects related to metabolic control in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Renata Ribeiro Spinelli
- Instituto de Puericultura e Pediatria Martagão Gesteira, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (IPPMG/UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Xavier Peniche
- Instituto de Puericultura e Pediatria Martagão Gesteira, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (IPPMG/UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Veronica Medeiros da Costa
- Instituto de Puericultura e Pediatria Martagão Gesteira, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (IPPMG/UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jorge Luiz Luescher
- Instituto de Puericultura e Pediatria Martagão Gesteira, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (IPPMG/UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Patricia de Carvalho Padilha
- Instituto de Puericultura e Pediatria Martagão Gesteira, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (IPPMG/UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Instituto de Nutrição Josué de Castro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Bjøntegaard MM, Molin M, Kolby M, Torheim LE. Purchase of ultra-processed foods in Norway: a repeated cross-sectional analysis of food sales in 2013 and 2019. Public Health Nutr 2023; 26:1743-1753. [PMID: 37339927 PMCID: PMC10478042 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980023001192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A dietary pattern dominated by ultra-processed foods has been associated with non-communicable diseases in several studies. A previous study from 2013 found a high share of ultra-processed foods in Norwegian food sales. This study aimed to investigate the current share of ultra-processed foods in Norway and the development in expenditure on ultra-processed foods from 2013. DESIGN A repeated cross-sectional analysis of scanner data from the Consumer Price Index from September 2013 and 2019 and an investigation of the processing degree according to the NOVA classification system. SETTING Food sales in Norway. PARTICIPANTS Norwegian grocery stores (n 180, for both time periods). RESULTS The share of expenditure in 2019 was highest for ultra-processed foods (46·5 %) and minimally or unprocessed foods (36·3 %), followed by processed foods (8·5 %) and processed culinary ingredients (1·3 %). An increasing degree of processing was found for several of the food groups between 2013 and 2019; however, most effect sizes were weak. In 2019, soft drinks became the most frequently purchased food item, surpassing milk and cheese, with the highest expenditure in Norwegian grocery stores. Increases in expenditure on ultra-processed foods were mainly due to increased expenditures on soft drinks, sweets and potato products. CONCLUSIONS A high share of expenditure on ultra-processed food was found in Norway, which may imply a high consumption of these foods. The change in expenditure of NOVA groups between 2013 and 2019 was small. Carbonated and non-carbonated soft drinks were the most frequently purchased products in Norwegian grocery stores and contributed to most of the expenditures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Michaelsen Bjøntegaard
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, P.O. Box 4 St. Olavs Plass, N-0130 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Sognsvannsveien 9, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Marianne Molin
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, P.O. Box 4 St. Olavs Plass, N-0130 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Health Sciences, Oslo New University College, NO-0456 Oslo, Norway
| | - Marit Kolby
- Department of Health Sciences, Oslo New University College, NO-0456 Oslo, Norway
| | - Liv Elin Torheim
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, P.O. Box 4 St. Olavs Plass, N-0130 Oslo, Norway
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Phulkerd S, Thongcharoenchupong N, Dickie S, Machado P, Woods J, Mo-Suwan L, Prasertsom P, Ungchusak C, Khitdee C, Lawrence M. Profiling ultra-processed foods in Thailand: sales trend, consumer expenditure and nutritional quality. Global Health 2023; 19:64. [PMID: 37653543 PMCID: PMC10472697 DOI: 10.1186/s12992-023-00966-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ultra-processed foods (UPF) are associated with adverse health outcomes. This study aimed to analyse the national trends in retail sales, consumer expenditure and nutritional quality of UPFs in Thailand. METHODS The study used data from the Euromonitor Passport database for analysis of retail sales and consumer expenditure, and from the Mintel Global New Products Database for nutritional analysis using the WHO Southeast Asian Region nutrient profile model. RESULTS The study found the highest per capita sales volume and value of UPFs in 2021 were sauces, dressings & condiments (8.4 kg/capita) and carbonated soft drinks (27.1 L/capita), respectively. However, functional & flavoured water, ready-made meals and baked goods had the highest observed (2012-2021) and expected (2021-2026) sales growth. Supermarkets were responsible for most of the UPF sales since 2012, but convenience stores had larger growth in retail values. Growth in consumer expenditure per capita on UPFs from 2012 to 2020, ranged between 12.7% and 34%, and till 2026 is forecast to grow between 26% and 30%. More than half of UPFs exceeded at least one nutrient cutoff, 59.3% for total fats, 24.8% for saturated fats, 68.2% for total sugars and 94.3% for sodium. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest a need for regulatory and non-regulatory measures such as UPF taxation and marketing restrictions, and market incentives for producing non-UPFs. A system for regularly monitoring and evaluating healthiness (both nutritional and processing aspects) of food products, especially UPFs, is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirinya Phulkerd
- Institute for Population and Social Research, Mahidol University, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand.
| | | | - Sarah Dickie
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Priscila Machado
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Julie Woods
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Ladda Mo-Suwan
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Piyada Prasertsom
- Sweet Enough Network, The Foundation of Oral Health, Mueang, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Chantana Ungchusak
- Healthy Food Plan, Thai Health Promotion Foundation, Sathorn, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chiraporn Khitdee
- Department of Health, Bureau of Dental Health, Ministry of Public Health, Mueang, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Mark Lawrence
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
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Zhou R, Zhang L, Sun Y, Yan J, Jiang H. Causal Associations between Dietary Habits and Chronic Pain: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:3709. [PMID: 37686741 PMCID: PMC10490345 DOI: 10.3390/nu15173709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain is a prevalent and debilitating condition with significant impacts on individuals and society. While the role of diet in chronic pain is well-known, the relationship between special dietary choices and chronic pain remains unclear. This study investigates the causal associations between 20 dietary habits and chronic pain using a Mendelian randomization (MR) approach. Publicly available genome-wide association study data from the UK Biobank dataset were utilized for secondary analysis, and genetic instrumental variables strongly correlated with 20 different dietary habits were selected. Multisite chronic pain (MCP) scores were used as the primary outcome, with site-specific chronic pain (SSCP) including back pain, headache, knee pain, neck pain, and hip pain as secondary outcomes. The inverse-variance-weighted (IVW) method was the primary method used in the MR. The weighted median (WM) and Mendelian randomization pleiotropy residual sum and outlier test (MR-PRESSO) methods were used as sensitivity analyses. This study identified causal associations between specific dietary habits and chronic pain. A high intake of cheese, cereal, dried fruits, and fresh fruits was associated with lower MCP scores. Conversely, high alcohol, salt, pork, and poultry intakes were associated with higher MCP scores. Similar associations between special dietary habits and some types of SSCP, such as back and neck pain, were also observed. The findings were consistent across different statistical methods, and sensitivity analyses confirmed the reliability of the results. In conclusion, our study provides evidence of a causal relationship between various dietary habits and different types of chronic pain based on secondary analysis of the UK Biobank dataset. Adhering to an anti-inflammatory diet, including increased consumption of fruits and cereal while reducing salt and pork intake, may potentially alleviate chronic pain symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jia Yan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Ninth People’s Hospital of Shanghai, Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China; (R.Z.); (L.Z.); (Y.S.)
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Ninth People’s Hospital of Shanghai, Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China; (R.Z.); (L.Z.); (Y.S.)
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91
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Hamel V, Hennessy M, Mialon M, Moubarac JC. Interactions Between Nutrition Professionals and Industry: A Scoping Review. Int J Health Policy Manag 2023; 12:7626. [PMID: 38618820 PMCID: PMC10590255 DOI: 10.34172/ijhpm.2023.7626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, interactions between nutrition professionals (NPs) and the food industry, such as sponsorship arrangements, have raised concerns, particularly as these may negatively impact the trustworthiness and credibility of the nutrition profession. This study aimed to map the literature and identify knowledge gaps regarding interactions between NPs and industry. We sought to examine the nature of such interactions and NPs perspectives about these, as well as the risks and solutions. METHODS We conducted a scoping review according to a pre-registered protocol, searching eight electronic databases and grey literature sources in March 2021 to identify documents for inclusion. Two independent reviewers screened citations for inclusion and conducted data extraction. Quantitative and qualitative syntheses were conducted. RESULTS We identified 115 documents for analysis, published between 1980 to 2021, with a majority from the United States (n=59, 51%). Only 32% (n=37) were empirical studies. The food industry was the most frequent industry type discussed (n=91, 79%). We identified 32 types of interactions between NPs and industry, such as continuing education provided by industry and sponsorship of professional bodies and health and nutrition organizations. The financial survival of nutrition organizations and continuing education access for NPs were the most frequently cited advantages of industry-NPs interactions. On the other hand, undermining public trust, NPs credibility and public health nutrition recommendations were pointed out as risks of these interactions. Following a code of ethics, policies, or guidelines was the most frequently proposed solution for managing these interactions. CONCLUSION Despite the increasing attention given to this issue, few empirical papers have been published to date. There is a need for more research to better and systematically document industry interactions with NPs and the impacts associated with these, as well as more research on effective management strategies. Registry Name and Number: Interactions between nutrition professionals and industry actors: A scoping review protocol. doi:10.17605/OSF.IO/Q6PUA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Hamel
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Centre de recherche en Santé publique, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Marita Hennessy
- College of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Mélissa Mialon
- Trinity Business School, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jean-Claude Moubarac
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Centre de recherche en Santé publique, Montreal, QC, Canada
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92
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Cohen Y, Valdés-Mas R, Elinav E. The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Deciphering Diet-Disease Relationships: Case Studies. Annu Rev Nutr 2023; 43:225-250. [PMID: 37207358 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-061121-090535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Modernization of society from a rural, hunter-gatherer setting into an urban and industrial habitat, with the associated dietary changes, has led to an increased prevalence of cardiometabolic and additional noncommunicable diseases, such as cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, and neurodegenerative and autoimmune disorders. However, while dietary sciences have been rapidly evolving to meet these challenges, validation and translation of experimental results into clinical practice remain limited for multiple reasons, including inherent ethnic, gender, and cultural interindividual variability, among other methodological, dietary reporting-related, and analytical issues. Recently, large clinical cohorts with artificial intelligence analytics have introduced new precision and personalized nutrition concepts that enable one to successfully bridge these gaps in a real-life setting. In this review, we highlight selected examples of case studies at the intersection between diet-disease research and artificial intelligence. We discuss their potential and challenges and offer an outlook toward the transformation of dietary sciences into individualized clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yotam Cohen
- Systems Immunology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel;
| | - Rafael Valdés-Mas
- Systems Immunology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel;
| | - Eran Elinav
- Systems Immunology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel;
- Division of Microbiome & Cancer, National German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany;
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93
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Kaufman M, Nguyen C, Shetty M, Oppezzo M, Barrack M, Fredericson M. Popular Dietary Trends' Impact on Athletic Performance: A Critical Analysis Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:3511. [PMID: 37630702 PMCID: PMC10460072 DOI: 10.3390/nu15163511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nutrition fuels optimal performance for athletes. With increased research developments, numerous diets available, and publicity from professional athletes, a review of dietary patterns impact on athletic performance is warranted. RESULTS The Mediterranean diet is a low inflammatory diet linked to improved power and muscle endurance and body composition. Ketogenic diets are restrictive of carbohydrates and proteins. Though both show no decrements in weight loss, ketogenic diets, which is a more restrictive form of low-carbohydrate diets, can be more difficult to follow. High-protein and protein-paced versions of low-carbohydrate diets have also shown to benefit athletic performance. Plant-based diets have many variations. Vegans are at risk of micronutrient deficiencies and decreased leucine content, and therefore, decreased muscle protein synthesis. However, the literature has not shown decreases in performance compared to omnivores. Intermittent fasting has many different versions, which may not suit those with comorbidities or specific needs as well as lead to decreases in sprint speed and worsening time to exhaustion. CONCLUSIONS This paper critically evaluates the research on diets in relation to athletic performance and details some of the potential risks that should be monitored. No one diet is universally recommend for athletes; however, this article provides the information for athletes to analyze, in conjunction with medical professional counsel, their own diet and consider sustainable changes that can help achieve performance and body habitus goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Kaufman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Redwood City, CA 94063, USA
| | - Chantal Nguyen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Redwood City, CA 94063, USA
| | - Maya Shetty
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Redwood City, CA 94063, USA
| | - Marily Oppezzo
- Prevention Research Center, Stanford University, Redwood City, CA 94063, USA
| | - Michelle Barrack
- Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, California State University, Long Beach, CA 90840, USA
| | - Michael Fredericson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Redwood City, CA 94063, USA
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94
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Heerman WJ, Sneed NM, Sommer EC, Truesdale KP, Matheson D, Noerper TE, Samuels LR, Barkin SL. Ultra-processed food consumption and BMI-Z among children at risk for obesity from low-income households. Pediatr Obes 2023; 18:e13037. [PMID: 37070567 PMCID: PMC10434975 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.13037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between baseline ultra-processed food consumption in early childhood and child BMI Z-score over 36 months. METHODS We conducted a prospective cohort analysis as a secondary data analysis of the Growing Right Onto Wellness randomised trial. Dietary intake was measured via 24-h diet recalls. The primary outcome was child BMI-Z, measured at baseline and at 3-, 9-, 12-, 24- and 36-month timepoints. Child BMI-Z was modelled using a longitudinal mixed-effects model, adjusting for covariates and stratifying by age. RESULTS Among 595 children, median (Q1-Q3) baseline age was 4.3 (3.6-5.0) years, 52.3% of the children were female, 65.4% had normal weight, 33.8% were overweight, 0.8% were obese and 91.3% of parents identified as Hispanic. Model-based estimates suggest that, compared with low ultra-processed consumption (300 kcals/day), high ultra-processed intake (1300 kcals/day) was associated with a 1.2 higher BMI-Z at 36 months for 3-year-olds (95% CI = 0.5, 1.9; p < 0.001) and a 0.6 higher BMI-Z for 4-year-olds (95% CI = 0.2, 1.0; p = 0.007). The difference was not statistically significant for 5-year-olds or overall. CONCLUSIONS In 3- and 4-year-old children, but not in 5-year-old children, high ultra-processed food intake at baseline was significantly associated with higher BMI-Z at 36-month follow-up, adjusting for total daily kcals. This suggests that it might not be only the total number of calories in a child's daily intake that influences child weight status, but also the number of calories from ultra-processed foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Heerman
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Nadia M Sneed
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Vanderbilt University School of Nursing, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Evan C Sommer
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Kimberly P Truesdale
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | | | | | - Lauren R Samuels
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Shari L Barkin
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
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95
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Milà-Guasch M, Ramírez S, Llana SR, Fos-Domènech J, Dropmann LM, Pozo M, Eyre E, Gómez-Valadés AG, Obri A, Haddad-Tóvolli R, Claret M. Maternal emulsifier consumption programs offspring metabolic and neuropsychological health in mice. PLoS Biol 2023; 21:e3002171. [PMID: 37616199 PMCID: PMC10449393 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Modern lifestyle is associated with a major consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPF) due to their practicality and palatability. The ingestion of emulsifiers, a main additive in UPFs, has been related to gut inflammation, microbiota dysbiosis, adiposity, and obesity. Maternal unbalanced nutritional habits during embryonic and perinatal stages perturb offspring's long-term metabolic health, thus increasing obesity and associated comorbidity risk. However, whether maternal emulsifier consumption influences developmental programming in the offspring remains unknown. Here, we show that, in mice, maternal consumption of dietary emulsifiers (1% carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and 1% P80 in drinking water), during gestation and lactation, perturbs the development of hypothalamic energy balance regulation centers of the progeny, leads to metabolic impairments, cognition deficits, and induces anxiety-like traits in a sex-specific manner. Our findings support the notion that maternal consumption of emulsifiers, common additives of UPFs, causes mild metabolic and neuropsychological malprogramming in the progeny. Our data call for nutritional advice during gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Milà-Guasch
- Neuronal Control of Metabolism (NeuCoMe) Laboratory, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Ramírez
- Neuronal Control of Metabolism (NeuCoMe) Laboratory, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergio R. Llana
- Neuronal Control of Metabolism (NeuCoMe) Laboratory, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Júlia Fos-Domènech
- Neuronal Control of Metabolism (NeuCoMe) Laboratory, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lea Maria Dropmann
- Neuronal Control of Metabolism (NeuCoMe) Laboratory, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Macarena Pozo
- Neuronal Control of Metabolism (NeuCoMe) Laboratory, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Eyre
- Neuronal Control of Metabolism (NeuCoMe) Laboratory, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alicia G. Gómez-Valadés
- Neuronal Control of Metabolism (NeuCoMe) Laboratory, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Arnaud Obri
- Neuronal Control of Metabolism (NeuCoMe) Laboratory, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roberta Haddad-Tóvolli
- Neuronal Control of Metabolism (NeuCoMe) Laboratory, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Claret
- Neuronal Control of Metabolism (NeuCoMe) Laboratory, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain
- School of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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96
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Quetglas-Llabrés MM, Monserrat-Mesquida M, Bouzas C, Mateos D, Ugarriza L, Gómez C, Tur JA, Sureda A. Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Biomarkers Are Related to High Intake of Ultra-Processed Food in Old Adults with Metabolic Syndrome. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1532. [PMID: 37627527 PMCID: PMC10451674 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12081532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last few decades the consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPFs) worldwide has substantially augmented. Increasing evidence suggests that high UPF consumption is associated with an increase in non-communicable diseases, being overweight, and obesity. The aim of this study was to assess how UPF consumption affects oxidative and inflammatory status in the plasma, neutrophils, and urine of old adults with metabolic syndrome. Participants (n = 92) were classified into two groups according to UPF consumption. Dietary intakes were measured by a validated semi-quantitative 143-item food frequency questionnaire and UPF consumption was determined according to the NOVA classification system. Low UPF consumers showed higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet than high UPF consumers. A high intake of fiber and a high concentration of polyphenols in urine were also observed in subjects with low UPF consumption. Despite the absence of differences in biochemical profile, oxidative and inflammatory biomarkers showed some significant changes. Catalase and superoxide dismutase activities were lower in high UPF consumers, whereas myeloperoxidase activity was higher. ROS production in neutrophils stimulated with zymosan was higher in high UPF consumers than in low UPF consumers. Biomarkers such as xanthine oxidase, tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-15, and leptin levels were higher in participants with high intake of UPF. No differences were found in malondialdehyde and other inflammatory cytokines. The current study evidenced that MetS participants with high UPF consumption have a more pro-oxidant and inflammatory profile than those with low UPF consumption, despite showing similar blood biochemical profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Magdalena Quetglas-Llabrés
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands-IUNICS, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Spain
| | - Margalida Monserrat-Mesquida
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands-IUNICS, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Spain
- Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Bouzas
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands-IUNICS, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Spain
- Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - David Mateos
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands-IUNICS, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Spain
- Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucía Ugarriza
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands-IUNICS, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Spain
- Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Gómez
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands-IUNICS, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Spain
- Clinical Analysis Service, University Hospital Son Espases, 07198 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Josep A. Tur
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands-IUNICS, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Spain
- Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Antoni Sureda
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands-IUNICS, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Spain
- Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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97
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Sandri E, Cantín Larumbe E, Cerdá Olmedo G. The Influence of Socio-Economic Factors on Diet and Active Lifestyle in the Spanish Female Population. Nutrients 2023; 15:3319. [PMID: 37571261 PMCID: PMC10421480 DOI: 10.3390/nu15153319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
A balanced diet and healthy social habits are two pillars on which the health of the population is based. Therefore, the efforts of the health system should be aimed at prevention. To this end, it is important to know the prevalence of these habits in different population groups and how they vary according to socioeconomic variables. This is an observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study using surveys. A questionnaire was designed to explore a set of variables related to diet and an active lifestyle and was validated through a pilot study and a nominal group. Dissemination was carried out online through social networks by means of non-probabilistic snowball sampling, obtaining a sample of 14.784 women aged between 18 and 45 years. Bivariate comparative analyses were performed using the Mann-Whitney method and the principal component analysis (PCA) method of dimensionality reduction was used to study the relationships between ordinal numerical variables. Results indicate that nutrition was influenced by the age of the sample; adult women have better nutrition than younger women, although they are more sedentary and do less sport. Women with higher education and a medium-high income have better nutrition and healthier lifestyles and a lower BMI and higher self-perceived health status than women with basic education and a lower income. It was concluded that a higher level of income and a higher level of education generally lead to a healthier lifestyle. Spanish women aged 18-45 years need to make changes in their nutrition and lead a more active life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Sandri
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente Mártir, c/Quevedo 2, 46001 Valencia, Spain;
- Doctoral School, Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente Mártir, c/Quevedo 2, 46001 Valencia, Spain
| | - Eva Cantín Larumbe
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Informática, Polytechnical University of Valencia, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Germán Cerdá Olmedo
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente Mártir, c/Quevedo 2, 46001 Valencia, Spain;
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98
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Stolfi C, Pacifico T, Monteleone G, Laudisi F. Impact of Western Diet and Ultra-Processed Food on the Intestinal Mucus Barrier. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2015. [PMID: 37509654 PMCID: PMC10377275 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11072015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal epithelial barrier plays a key role in the absorption of nutrients and water, in the regulation of the interactions between luminal contents and the underlying immune cells, and in the defense against enteric pathogens. Additionally, the intestinal mucus layer provides further protection due to mucin secretion and maturation by goblet cells, thus representing a crucial player in maintaining intestinal homeostasis. However, environmental factors, such as dietary products, can disrupt this equilibrium, leading to the development of inflammatory intestinal disorders. In particular, ultra-processed food, which is broadly present in the Western diet and includes dietary components containing food additives and/or undergoing multiple industrial processes (such as dry heating cooking), was shown to negatively impact intestinal health. In this review, we summarize and discuss current knowledge on the impact of a Western diet and, in particular, ultra-processed food on the mucus barrier and goblet cell function, as well as potential therapeutic approaches to maintain and restore the mucus layer under pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Stolfi
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Teresa Pacifico
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Monteleone
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy
- Gastroenterology Unit, Policlinico Universitario Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Laudisi
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy
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99
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Monteles Nascimento L, de Carvalho Lavôr LC, Mendes Rodrigues BG, da Costa Campos F, de Almeida Fonseca Viola PC, Lucarini M, Durazzo A, Arcanjo DDR, de Carvalho E Martins MDC, de Macêdo Gonçalves Frota K. Association between Consumption of Ultra-Processed Food and Body Composition of Adults in a Capital City of a Brazilian Region. Nutrients 2023; 15:3157. [PMID: 37513575 PMCID: PMC10383416 DOI: 10.3390/nu15143157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study investigates the relationship between the consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPF) and anthropometric indices of body composition in adults and seniors living in Teresina, the state capital of an area in northeastern Brazil. The article seeks to address two questions: Is UPF consumption linked to worsening body composition in different age groups? Do anthropometric indicators of body composition change with the increasing consumption of UPF? The study is a cross-sectional, household, population study, carried out with 490 adults and seniors. The food consumption was obtained with a 24 h food recall, and the foods were classified using NOVA. Anthropometric indicators evaluated were waist-to-height ratio, triceps skinfold thickness, arm circumference, corrected arm muscle area, subscapular skinfold thickness, and calf circumference. The association between energy contribution of UPF with anthropometric indicators was verified with a simple and multiple linear regression analysis. Individuals aged 20 to 35 years showed a significant association between UPF consumption and skinfold thickness (ß: 0.04; CI: 0.03/0.09), demonstrating an increase in this subcutaneous body fat marker with higher UPF consumption. Moreover, in participants aged 36 to 59 years, an inverse correlation between UPF intake and muscle mass markers, arm circumference (ß: -0.02; confidence interval: -0.03/-0.01), and corrected arm muscle area (ß: -0.07; confidence interval: -0.12/-0.02) were observed. Such results suggest there is decreased muscle mass with increasing UPF consumption. This is the first study that verified an association between UPF consumption and low-cost body composition indicators in different age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larisse Monteles Nascimento
- Food and Nutrition Postgraduate Program, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina 64049-550, PI, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Massimo Lucarini
- CREA-Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina, 546, 00178 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Durazzo
- CREA-Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina, 546, 00178 Rome, Italy
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100
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Costa RM, Bezerra IWL, Souza AM, Torres KG, Pereira GS, Morais CMM, Oliveira AG. Quantitative and Qualitative Changes in Diet Associated with the Consumption of Ultra-Processed Foods: A Survey on a Representative Sample of Manufacturing Workers in Brazil. Nutrients 2023; 15:3009. [PMID: 37447335 DOI: 10.3390/nu15133009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing intake of ultra-processed (UP) foods is causing changes in the profile of food and nutrient consumption, negatively influencing consumer behavior. The present study aimed to evaluate the influence of UP foods on the diet of Brazilian adults, verifying the association between its increasing contribution to total energy and trends in the consumption of other NOVA groups, food subgroups, energy consumption, and macro- and micronutrients. We conducted an observational, cross-sectional study of a probability sample of 921 manufacturing workers in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, from a combined stratified and two-stage survey. Trends in consumption across quintiles of UP food contribution to the total energy intake were tested with linear regression. The results showed that higher UP food consumption is associated with a higher intake of energy, carbohydrates and total-, mono- and polyunsaturated fats, saturated fats and trans fats, and the micronutrients calcium, iron and thiamine; and higher consumption of ready-to-eat foods, accompanied by lower consumption of foods that require preparation, such as beans, tubers and roots, vegetables and fruits, which may represent a risk for the development of non-transmissible chronic diseases in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raiane M Costa
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-570, Brazil
| | - Ingrid W L Bezerra
- Nutrition Department, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, Brazil
| | - Anissa M Souza
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-570, Brazil
| | - Karina G Torres
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-570, Brazil
| | - Gabriela S Pereira
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-570, Brazil
| | - Célia M M Morais
- Nutrition Department, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, Brazil
| | - Antonio G Oliveira
- Pharmacy Department, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-570, Brazil
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