101
|
Effects of exogenous C18 unsaturated fatty acids on milk lipid synthesis in bovine mammary epithelial cells. J DAIRY RES 2020; 87:344-348. [PMID: 32893769 DOI: 10.1017/s0022029920000722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We determined the effects of a combination of C18 unsaturated fatty acids (C18-UFAs) consisting of oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids on milk lipogenesis in bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs). By orthogonal experiments to determine cellular triacylglycerol (TAG) accumulation, a combination of 200 μmol/l C18 : 1, 50 μmol/l C18 : 2, and 2 μmol/l C18 : 3 was selected as C18-UFAs combination treatment, and culture in medium containing fatty acid-free bovine serum albumin was used as the control. The expression of genes related to milk lipid synthesis and intracellular FA composition was measured. The results showed that cytosolic TAG formation was higher under C18-UFAs treatment than under control treatment. The mRNA expression of acetyl-CoA carboxylase-α (ACACA), fatty acid synthase (FASN), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG) did not differ between treatments. The abundance of stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) and acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 1 (ACSL1) was higher, whereas that of sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1 (SREBF-1) was lower after C18-UFAs treatment compared to control treatment. The C16 : 0 and SFA content was decreased following C18-UFAs treatment compared to control treatment, while the cis-9 C18 : 1 and UFA content was increased. In conclusion, C18-UFAs could stimulate triglyceride accumulation, increase the cellular UFA concentration, and regulate lipogenic genes in BMECs.
Collapse
|
102
|
Suo D, Wang L, Zeng T, Zhang H, Li L, Liu J, Yun J, Guan XY, Li Y. NRIP3 upregulation confers resistance to chemoradiotherapy in ESCC via RTF2 removal by accelerating ubiquitination and degradation of RTF2. Oncogenesis 2020; 9:75. [PMID: 32839439 PMCID: PMC7445249 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-020-00260-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a common malignant cancer worldwide. Despite recent improvements in surgical techniques and adjuvant therapies, the prognosis of patients with advanced ESCC remains poor. Resistance to chemoradiotherapy (CRT) remains a major cause of treatment failure for advanced ESCC patients. Here, we report that NRIP3 (nuclear receptor interacting protein 3) promotes ESCC tumor cell growth and resistance to CRT in ESCC cells by increasing and binding to DDI1 (DNA-damage inducible 1 homolog 1) and RTF2 (homologous to Schizosaccharomyces pombe Rtf2), and accelerating the removal of RTF2, which is a key determinant for the ability of cells to manage replication stress. In addition, we found that NRIP3 could increase DDI1 expression via PPARα. The NRIP3-PPARα-DDI1-RTF2 axis represents a protective molecular pathway in ESCC cells that mediates resistance to replication stress signals induced by chemoradiotherapy. In addition, elevated NRIP3 is associated with the poor clinical outcome of ESCC patients receiving radiotherapy and/or cisplatin-based chemotherapy. Our study therefore reveals that NRIP3 is a prognostic factor in ESCC and could have some predictive value to select patients who benefit from CRT treatment. A common mechanism that protects ESCC tumor cells from DNA damage induced by CRT is also revealed in this study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daqin Suo
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tingting Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Metabolic Innovation Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jinyun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Metabolic Innovation Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingping Yun
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin-Yuan Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.
- Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.
- Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Institute, Guangdong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
103
|
Capitão A, Lopes-Marques M, Páscoa I, Ruivo R, Mendiratta N, Fonseca E, Castro LFC, Santos MM. The Echinodermata PPAR: Functional characterization and exploitation by the model lipid homeostasis regulator tributyltin. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 263:114467. [PMID: 32278212 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The wide ecological relevance of lipid homeostasis modulators in the environment has been increasingly acknowledged. Tributyltin (TBT), for instance, was shown to cause lipid modulation, not only in mammals, but also in fish, molluscs, arthropods and rotifers. In vertebrates, TBT is known to interact with a nuclear receptor heterodimer module, formed by the retinoid X receptor (RXR) and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR). These modulate the expression of genes involved in lipid homeostasis. In the present work, we isolated for the first time the complete coding region of the Echinodermata (Paracentrotus lividus) gene orthologues of PPAR and RXR and evaluated the ability of a model lipid homeostasis modulator, TBT, to interfere with the lipid metabolism in this species. Our results demonstrate that TBT alters the gonadal fatty acid composition and gene expression patterns: yielding sex-specific responses in fatty acid levels, including the decrease of eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5 n-3, EPA) in males, and increase of arachidonic acid (20:4n-6, ARA) in females, and upregulation of long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase (acsl), ppar and rxr. Furthermore, an in vitro test using COS-1 cells as host and chimeric receptors with the ligand binding domain (LBD) of P. lividus PPAR and RXR shows that organotins (TBT and TPT (Triphenyltin)) suppressed activity of the heterodimer PPAR/RXR in a concentration-dependent manner. Together, these results suggest that TBT acts as a lipid homeostasis modulator at environmentally relevant concentrations in Echinodermata and highlight a possible conserved mode of action via the PPAR/RXR heterodimer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Capitão
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto (U.Porto), Matosinhos, Portugal; Faculty of Sciences (FCUP), Department of Biology, University of Porto (U.Porto), Porto, Portugal
| | - Mónica Lopes-Marques
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto (U.Porto), Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Inês Páscoa
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto (U.Porto), Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Raquel Ruivo
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto (U.Porto), Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Nicolau Mendiratta
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto (U.Porto), Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Elza Fonseca
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto (U.Porto), Matosinhos, Portugal; Faculty of Sciences (FCUP), Department of Biology, University of Porto (U.Porto), Porto, Portugal
| | - L Filipe C Castro
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto (U.Porto), Matosinhos, Portugal; Faculty of Sciences (FCUP), Department of Biology, University of Porto (U.Porto), Porto, Portugal.
| | - Miguel Machado Santos
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto (U.Porto), Matosinhos, Portugal; Faculty of Sciences (FCUP), Department of Biology, University of Porto (U.Porto), Porto, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
104
|
Fougerat A, Montagner A, Loiseau N, Guillou H, Wahli W. Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors and Their Novel Ligands as Candidates for the Treatment of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Cells 2020; 9:E1638. [PMID: 32650421 PMCID: PMC7408116 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major health issue worldwide, frequently associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes. Steatosis is the initial stage of the disease, which is characterized by lipid accumulation in hepatocytes, which can progress to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) with inflammation and various levels of fibrosis that further increase the risk of developing cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The pathogenesis of NAFLD is influenced by interactions between genetic and environmental factors and involves several biological processes in multiple organs. No effective therapy is currently available for the treatment of NAFLD. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear receptors that regulate many functions that are disturbed in NAFLD, including glucose and lipid metabolism, as well as inflammation. Thus, they represent relevant clinical targets for NAFLD. In this review, we describe the determinants and mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of NAFLD, its progression and complications, as well as the current therapeutic strategies that are employed. We also focus on the complementary and distinct roles of PPAR isotypes in many biological processes and on the effects of first-generation PPAR agonists. Finally, we review novel and safe PPAR agonists with improved efficacy and their potential use in the treatment of NAFLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Fougerat
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRAE), ToxAlim, UMR1331 Toulouse, France; (A.M.); (N.L.); (H.G.)
| | - Alexandra Montagner
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRAE), ToxAlim, UMR1331 Toulouse, France; (A.M.); (N.L.); (H.G.)
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, UMR1048 Toulouse, France
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Toulouse, UMR1048 Toulouse, France
| | - Nicolas Loiseau
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRAE), ToxAlim, UMR1331 Toulouse, France; (A.M.); (N.L.); (H.G.)
| | - Hervé Guillou
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRAE), ToxAlim, UMR1331 Toulouse, France; (A.M.); (N.L.); (H.G.)
| | - Walter Wahli
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRAE), ToxAlim, UMR1331 Toulouse, France; (A.M.); (N.L.); (H.G.)
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Clinical Sciences Building, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308232, Singapore
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Université de Lausanne, Le Génopode, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
105
|
Wang Y, Li R, Chen R, Gu W, Zhang L, Gu J, Wang Z, Liu Y, Sun Q, Zhang K, Liu C. Ambient fine particulate matter exposure perturbed circadian rhythm and oscillations of lipid metabolism in adipose tissues. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 251:126392. [PMID: 32146191 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicated that disruption of circadian rhythm (CR) induced metabolic disorders, including dysregulation of energy homeostasis and lipid dysfunction, which was associated with ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) as well. However, the role and mechanism of CR in PM2.5-mediated metabolic disorder remain unknown. In the present study, we investigated circadian rhythmic characteristics and explored the effect of PM2.5 on oscillating clock of lipid function and metabolism in white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT). C57BL/6 mice were exposed to PM2.5 in a whole-body inhalational exposure system. After 10 weeks, the expression of clock-related genes exhibits more robust CR in BAT than WAT, with the acrophase of PER2 in both types of adipose tissue being significantly decreased at ZT12 and Bmal1 increased at ZT0/24 in WAT in response to PM2.5 exposure. In addition, both CR pattern and expression levels of Sirt1 got significantly inhibited by PM2.5 exposure in WAT, accompanied with adipose dysfunction evidenced by inhibited pattern and expression levels of adipokines at the same ZT time points. Finally, a similar phase right shift from ZT4 to ZT12 in both Sirt3 and Ucp1 in BAT was induced by PM2.5 exposure. These findings indicate that disruption of the CR in adipose tissues could be an important way by which PM2.5 exposure induces metabolic disorder and provide potential targets for further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and Public Health, Joint China-US Research Center for Environment and Pulmonary Diseases, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Ran Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and Public Health, Joint China-US Research Center for Environment and Pulmonary Diseases, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Rucheng Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and Public Health, Joint China-US Research Center for Environment and Pulmonary Diseases, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Weijia Gu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and Public Health, Joint China-US Research Center for Environment and Pulmonary Diseases, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and Public Health, Joint China-US Research Center for Environment and Pulmonary Diseases, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Jinge Gu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience & Beijing Key Laboratory of Ambient Particles Health Effects and Prevention Techniques, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Ziyao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience & Beijing Key Laboratory of Ambient Particles Health Effects and Prevention Techniques, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Ying Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience & Beijing Key Laboratory of Ambient Particles Health Effects and Prevention Techniques, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Qinghua Sun
- College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kezhong Zhang
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Cuiqing Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and Public Health, Joint China-US Research Center for Environment and Pulmonary Diseases, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| |
Collapse
|
106
|
Sun L, Ling Y, Jiang J, Wang D, Wang J, Li J, Wang X, Wang H. Differential mechanisms regarding triclosan vs. bisphenol A and fluorene-9-bisphenol induced zebrafish lipid-metabolism disorders by RNA-Seq. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 251:126318. [PMID: 32143076 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Exposure of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) is closely related to induction of obesity, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and other lipid-metabolism diseases. Herein, we compared the effects of three EDCs exposure (triclosan, bisphenol A and fluorene-9-bisphenol) on lipid metabolism in zebrfish (Danio rerio). The differential lipid-metabolism disorders were analyzed in depth through RNA-Seq and qRT-PCR, as well as assessment of the relationship between lipid disorder and RNA methylation. Histopathological observation along with varying physiological and biochemical indexes all identified that triclosan and bisphenol A induced liver fat accumulation in acute and chronic exposure. RNA-Seq analysis showed that triclosan exposure disrupted multiple physiological processes including drug metabolism, sucrose metabolism, fat metabolism and bile secretion. The dysregulation of lipid-metabolism related genes indicated that liver steatosis in triclosan and BPA-exposed zebrafish resulted from increased fatty acid synthetase, and uptake and suppression of β-oxidation. Besides, the dysregulation of pro-inflammatory genes and endoplasmic reticulum stress showed that triclosan and bisphenol A exposure not only induced occurrence of NAFLD, but also promoted progression of hepatic inflammation. However, no significant effect on lipid metabolism was observed in fluorene-9-bisphenol-exposed treatment although the larval phenotypic malformation was found compared to the control group. Moreover, EDCs exposure led to decreased global m6A level and abnormal expression of m6A modulators in larvae. Especially, the expression of demethylase FTO (fat mass and obesity-associated protein) was significantly increased in triclosan-exposure treatment. These findings are conductive for us to deeply understand the underlying molecular mechanisms regarding the obesity and NAFLD from EDCs exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Limei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine of Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Yuhang Ling
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine of Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Jiahui Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine of Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Danting Wang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine of Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Junxia Wang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China
| | - Jieyi Li
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China
| | - Xuedong Wang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China.
| | - Huili Wang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine of Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
| |
Collapse
|
107
|
Investigating the Role of PPARβ/δ in Retinal Vascular Remodeling Using Pparβ/ δ-Deficient Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124403. [PMID: 32575793 PMCID: PMC7353058 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)β/δ is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily of transcription factors, which plays fundamental roles in cell proliferation and differentiation, inflammation, adipogenesis, and energy homeostasis. Previous studies demonstrated a reduced choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in Pparβ/δ-deficient mice. However, PPARβ/δ's role in physiological blood vessel formation and vessel remodeling in the retina has yet to be established. Our study showed that PPARβ/δ is specifically required for disordered blood vessel formation in the retina. We further demonstrated an increased arteriovenous crossover and wider venous caliber in Pparβ/δ-haplodeficient mice. In summary, these results indicated a critical role of PPARβ/δ in pathological angiogenesis and blood vessel remodeling in the retina.
Collapse
|
108
|
Olivieri BF, Braz CU, Brito Lopes F, Peripolli E, Medeiros de Oliveira Silva R, Ruegger Pereira da Silva Corte R, Albuquerque LGD, Pereira ASC, Stafuzza NB, Baldi F. Differentially expressed genes identified through RNA-seq with extreme values of principal components for beef fatty acid in Nelore cattle. J Anim Breed Genet 2020; 138:80-90. [PMID: 32424857 DOI: 10.1111/jbg.12483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify differentially expressed genes (DEG) in the Longissimus thoracis muscle of Nelore cattle related to fatty acid (FA) profile through RNA sequencing and principal component analysis (PCA). Two groups of 10 animals each were selected containing PC1 and PC2 extreme DEG values (HIGH × LOW) for each FA group. The intramuscular fat (IMF) was compared between cluster groups by ANOVA, and only the sum of monounsaturated FA (MUFA) and ω3 showed significant differences (p < .05). Interestingly, the highest percentage (95%) of phenotypic variation explained by the sum of the first two PC was observed for ω3, which also displayed the lowest number of DEG (n = 1). The lowest percentage (59%) was observed for MUFA, which also revealed the largest number of DEG (n = 66). Since only MUFA and ω3 exhibited significant differences between cluster groups, we can conclude that the differences observed for the remaining groups are not due to the percentage of IMF. Several genes that have been previously associated with meat quality and FA traits were identified as DEG in this study. The functional analysis revealed one KEGG pathway and eight GO terms as significant (p < .05), in which we highlighted the purine metabolism, glycolytic process, adenosine triphosphate binding and bone development. These results strongly contribute to the knowledge of the biological mechanisms involved in meat FA profile of Nelore cattle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Ferreira Olivieri
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Camila Urbano Braz
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Fernando Brito Lopes
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Jaboticabal, Brazil.,Embrapa Cerrados, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Elisa Peripolli
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | | | | | - Lucia Galvão de Albuquerque
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Angélica Simone Cravo Pereira
- Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Departamento de Nutrição e Produção Animal, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Pirassununga, Brazil
| | | | - Fernando Baldi
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Jaboticabal, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
109
|
Wikan N, Tocharus J, Sivasinprasasn S, Kongkaew A, Chaichompoo W, Suksamrarn A, Tocharus C. Capsaicinoid nonivamide improves nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in rats fed a high-fat diet. J Pharmacol Sci 2020; 143:188-198. [PMID: 32414691 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2020.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic disease that causes morbidity associated with metabolic syndrome. NAFLD is a worldwide problem and represents a major cause of liver injury, which can lead to liver cell death. We investigated the effects of nonivamide (pelargonic acid vanillylamide, PAVA; 1 mg/kg) and rosuvastatin (RSV; 10 mg/kg) on hepatic steatosis induced by a high-fat diet (HFD). Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a HFD for 16 weeks then received PAVA or RSV for 4 additional weeks. We examined the metabolic parameters, function, fat content, histological alterations, reactive oxygen species production, and apoptotic cell death of the liver, in addition to the expression of the following important molecules: transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TRPV1) phosphorylation of sterol regulatory element binding protein (pSREBP-1c/SREBP-1c), total and membrane glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2), 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), and cleaved caspase-3. HFD-induced hepatic steatosis was associated with significantly increased morphological disorganization, injury markers, oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, and apoptosis. However, metabolic dysfunction and hepatic injury were reduced by RSV and PAVA treatment. PAVA regulated lipid deposition, improved insulin resistance, and decreased oxidative stress and apoptotic cell death. Therefore, PAVA represents a promising therapeutic approach for treating metabolic disorders in patients with NAFLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naruemon Wikan
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Jiraporn Tocharus
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | | | - Aphisek Kongkaew
- Research Administration Section, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Waraluck Chaichompoo
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Apichart Suksamrarn
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chainarong Tocharus
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
110
|
Takahashi A, Suzuki T, Soeda S, Takaoka S, Kobori S, Yamaguchi T, Mohamed HMA, Yanagiya A, Abe T, Shigeta M, Furuta Y, Kuba K, Yamamoto T. The CCR4-NOT complex maintains liver homeostasis through mRNA deadenylation. Life Sci Alliance 2020; 3:3/5/e201900494. [PMID: 32238456 PMCID: PMC7119370 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.201900494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The biological significance of deadenylation in global gene expression is not fully understood. Here, we show that the CCR4-NOT deadenylase complex maintains expression of mRNAs, such as those encoding transcription factors, cell cycle regulators, DNA damage response-related proteins, and metabolic enzymes, at appropriate levels in the liver. Liver-specific disruption of Cnot1, encoding a scaffold subunit of the CCR4-NOT complex, leads to increased levels of mRNAs for transcription factors, cell cycle regulators, and DNA damage response-related proteins because of reduced deadenylation and stabilization of these mRNAs. CNOT1 suppression also results in an increase of immature, unspliced mRNAs (pre-mRNAs) for apoptosis-related and inflammation-related genes and promotes RNA polymerase II loading on their promoter regions. In contrast, mRNAs encoding metabolic enzymes become less abundant, concomitant with decreased levels of these pre-mRNAs. Lethal hepatitis develops concomitantly with abnormal mRNA expression. Mechanistically, the CCR4-NOT complex targets and destabilizes mRNAs mainly through its association with Argonaute 2 (AGO2) and butyrate response factor 1 (BRF1) in the liver. Therefore, the CCR4-NOT complex contributes to liver homeostasis by modulating the liver transcriptome through mRNA deadenylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akinori Takahashi
- Cell Signal Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Toru Suzuki
- Laboratory for Immunogenetics, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Yokohama City, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shou Soeda
- Cell Signal Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Shohei Takaoka
- Cell Signal Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Shungo Kobori
- Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Engineering Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Yamaguchi
- Department of Biochemistry and Metabolic Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Akita University, Akita, Japan
| | | | - Akiko Yanagiya
- Cell Signal Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Takaya Abe
- Laboratory for Animal Resources and Genetic Engineering, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan
| | - Mayo Shigeta
- Laboratory for Animal Resources and Genetic Engineering, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yasuhide Furuta
- Laboratory for Animal Resources and Genetic Engineering, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan
| | - Keiji Kuba
- Department of Biochemistry and Metabolic Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Akita University, Akita, Japan
| | - Tadashi Yamamoto
- Cell Signal Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan .,Laboratory for Immunogenetics, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Yokohama City, Kanagawa, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
111
|
Phua WWT, Tan WR, Yip YS, Hew ID, Wee JWK, Cheng HS, Leow MKS, Wahli W, Tan NS. PPARβ/δ Agonism Upregulates Forkhead Box A2 to Reduce Inflammation in C2C12 Myoblasts and in Skeletal Muscle. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051747. [PMID: 32143325 PMCID: PMC7084392 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Daily activities expose muscles to innumerable impacts, causing accumulated tissue damage and inflammation that impairs muscle recovery and function, yet the mechanism modulating the inflammatory response in muscles remains unclear. Our study suggests that Forkhead box A2 (FoxA2), a pioneer transcription factor, has a predominant role in the inflammatory response during skeletal muscle injury. FoxA2 expression in skeletal muscle is upregulated by fatty acids and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) but is refractory to insulin and glucocorticoids. Using PPARβ/δ agonist GW501516 upregulates FoxA2, which in turn, attenuates the production of proinflammatory cytokines and reduces the infiltration of CD45+ immune cells in two mouse models of muscle inflammation, systemic LPS and intramuscular injection of carrageenan, which mimic localized exercise-induced inflammation. This reduced local inflammatory response limits tissue damage and restores muscle tetanic contraction. In line with these results, a deficiency in either PPARβ/δ or FoxA2 diminishes the action of the PPARβ/δ agonist GW501516 to suppress an aggravated inflammatory response. Our study suggests that FoxA2 in skeletal muscle helps maintain homeostasis, acting as a gatekeeper to maintain key inflammation parameters at the desired level upon injury. Therefore, it is conceivable that certain myositis disorders or other forms of painful musculoskeletal diseases may benefit from approaches that increase FoxA2 activity in skeletal muscle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Wen Ting Phua
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore; (W.W.T.P.); (Y.S.Y.); (I.D.H.); (J.W.K.W.); (H.S.C.)
- NTU Institute for Health Technologies, Interdisciplinary Graduate School, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Wei Ren Tan
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308232, Singapore; (W.R.T.); (M.K.S.L.); (W.W.)
| | - Yun Sheng Yip
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore; (W.W.T.P.); (Y.S.Y.); (I.D.H.); (J.W.K.W.); (H.S.C.)
| | - Ivan Dongzheng Hew
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore; (W.W.T.P.); (Y.S.Y.); (I.D.H.); (J.W.K.W.); (H.S.C.)
| | - Jonathan Wei Kiat Wee
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore; (W.W.T.P.); (Y.S.Y.); (I.D.H.); (J.W.K.W.); (H.S.C.)
| | - Hong Sheng Cheng
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore; (W.W.T.P.); (Y.S.Y.); (I.D.H.); (J.W.K.W.); (H.S.C.)
| | - Melvin Khee Shing Leow
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308232, Singapore; (W.R.T.); (M.K.S.L.); (W.W.)
- Department of Endocrinology, Division of Medicine, Endocrine and Diabetes Clinic, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore 308433, Singapore
| | - Walter Wahli
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308232, Singapore; (W.R.T.); (M.K.S.L.); (W.W.)
- INRA ToxAlim, UMR1331, Chemin de Tournefeuille, Toulouse Cedex 3, 31300 Toulouse, France
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Université de Lausanne, Le Génopode, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nguan Soon Tan
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore; (W.W.T.P.); (Y.S.Y.); (I.D.H.); (J.W.K.W.); (H.S.C.)
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308232, Singapore; (W.R.T.); (M.K.S.L.); (W.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +65-6904-1295; Fax: +65-6339-2889
| |
Collapse
|
112
|
Grabacka M, Plonka PM, Reiss K. Melanoma-Time to fast or time to feast? An interplay between PPARs, metabolism and immunity. Exp Dermatol 2020; 29:436-445. [PMID: 31957066 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Development and progression of melanoma can be accelerated by intensification of particular metabolic pathways, such as aerobic glycolysis and avid amino acid catabolism, and is accompanied by aberrant immune responses within the tumor microenvironment. Contrary to other cancer types, melanoma reveals some unique tissue-specific features, such as melanogenesis, which is intertwined with metabolism. Nuclear peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) take part in regulation of systemic and cellular metabolism, inflammation and melanogenesis. They appear as a focal regulatory point for these three distinct processes by occupying the intersection among AMP-dependent protein kinase (AMPK), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and PPAR gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) signalling pathways. When deregulated, they may accelerate melanoma malignant growth. Presenting the contribution of PPARα and PPARγ in melanoma biology, we attempt to ask how two contrasting metabolic states: obesity and fasting, can change progression of the disease and possible outcome of the treatment. This short essay is aimed to provoke a discussion about some practical implications for melanoma prevention and treatment, especially: how metabolic manipulation may be exploited to overcome immunosuppression and support immune checkpoint blockade efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maja Grabacka
- Department of Biotechnology and General Technology of Foods, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture, Kraków, Poland
| | - Przemyslaw M Plonka
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Reiss
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, USA
| |
Collapse
|
113
|
Transcriptome analyses of liver in newly-hatched chicks during the metabolic perturbation of fasting and re-feeding reveals THRSPA as the key lipogenic transcription factor. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:109. [PMID: 32005146 PMCID: PMC6995218 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-6525-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The fasting-refeeding perturbation has been used extensively to reveal specific genes and metabolic pathways that control energy metabolism in the chicken. Most global transcriptional scans of the fasting-refeeding response in liver have focused on juvenile chickens that were 1, 2 or 4 weeks old. The present study was aimed at the immediate post-hatch period, in which newly-hatched chicks were subjected to fasting for 4, 24 or 48 h, then refed for 4, 24 or 48 h, and compared with a fully-fed control group at each age (D1-D4). Results Visual analysis of hepatic gene expression profiles using hierarchical and K-means clustering showed two distinct patterns, genes with higher expression during fasting and depressed expression upon refeeding and those with an opposing pattern of expression, which exhibit very low expression during fasting and more abundant expression with refeeding. Differentially-expressed genes (DEGs), identified from five prominent pair-wise contrasts of fed, fasted and refed conditions, were subjected to Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. This enabled mapping of analysis-ready (AR)-DEGs to canonical and metabolic pathways controlled by distinct gene interaction networks. The largest number of hepatic DEGs was identified by two contrasts: D2FED48h/D2FAST48h (968 genes) and D2FAST48h/D3REFED24h (1198 genes). The major genes acutely depressed by fasting and elevated upon refeeding included ANGTPL, ATPCL, DIO2, FASN, ME1, SCD, PPARG, SREBP2 and THRSPA—a primary lipogenic transcription factor. In contrast, major lipolytic genes were up-regulated by fasting or down-regulated after refeeding, including ALDOB, IL-15, LDHB, LPIN2, NFE2L2, NR3C1, NR0B1, PANK1, PPARA, SERTAD2 and UPP2. Conclusions Transcriptional profiling of liver during fasting/re-feeding of newly-hatched chicks revealed several highly-expressed upstream regulators, which enable the metabolic switch from fasted (lipolytic/gluconeogenic) to fed or refed (lipogenic/thermogenic) states. This rapid homeorhetic shift of whole-body metabolism from a catabolic-fasting state to an anabolic-fed state appears precisely orchestrated by a small number of ligand-activated transcription factors that provide either a fasting-lipolytic state (PPARA, NR3C1, NFE2L2, SERTAD2, FOX01, NR0B1, RXR) or a fully-fed and refed lipogenic/thermogenic state (THRSPA, SREBF2, PPARG, PPARD, JUN, ATF3, CTNNB1). THRSPA has emerged as the key transcriptional regulator that drives lipogenesis and thermogenesis in hatchling chicks, as shown here in fed and re-fed states.
Collapse
|
114
|
Dynamic transcriptome profiling exploring cold tolerance in forensically important blow fly, Aldrichina grahami (Diptera: Calliphoridae). BMC Genomics 2020; 21:92. [PMID: 31996132 PMCID: PMC6988367 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-6509-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Aldrichina grahami (Diptera: Calliphoridae) is a forensically important fly, which has been widely applied to practical legal investigations. Unlike other necrophagous flies, A. grahami exhibits cold tolerance which helps to maintain its activity during low-temperature months, when other species are usually not active. Hence, A. grahami is considered an important forensic insect especially in cold seasons. In this study, we aim to explore the molecular mechanisms of cold tolerance of A. grahami through transcriptome. Results We collected eggs and larvae (first-instar, second-instar and third-instar) at three different temperatures (4 °C, 12 °C and 20 °C) and performed RNA-seq analyses. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with the cold-tolerance were screened out. The Venn analysis of DEGs from egg to third-instar larvae at three different temperatures showed there were 9 common genes. Candidate biological processes and genes were identified which refer to growth, and development of different temperatures, especially the chitin and cuticle metabolic process. The series-clusters showed crucial and unique trends when the temperature changed. Moreover, by comparing the results of growth and developmental transcriptomes from different temperatures, we found that DEGs belonging to the family of larval cuticle proteins (LCP), pupal cuticle protein (CUP), and heat shock proteins (HSP) have certain differences. Conclusions This study identified functional genes and showed differences in the expression pattern of diverse temperatures. The DEGs series-clusters with increasing or decreasing trends were analyzed which may play an important role in cold-tolerance. Moreover, the findings in LCP, CUP and HSP showed more possible modulations in a cold environment. This work will provide valuable information for the future investigation of the molecular mechanism of cold tolerance in A. grahami.
Collapse
|
115
|
Shang R, Lal N, Puri K, Hussein B, Rodrigues B. Involvement of Heparanase in Endothelial Cell-Cardiomyocyte Crosstalk. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1221:721-745. [PMID: 32274734 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-34521-1_30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Traditionally, the management of diabetes has focused mainly on controlling high blood glucose levels. Unfortunately, despite valiant efforts to normalize this blood glucose, poor medication management predisposes these patients to heart failure. Following diabetes, how the heart utilizes different sources of fuel for energy is key to the development of heart failure. The diabetic heart switches from using both glucose and fats, to predominately using fats as an energy resource for maintaining its activities. This transformation to using fats as an exclusive source of energy is helpful in the initial stages of the disease and is tightly controlled. However, over the progression of diabetes, there is a loss of this controlled supply and use of fats, which ultimately has terrible consequences since the uncontrolled use of fats produces toxic by-products which weaken heart function and cause heart disease. Heparanase is a key player that directs how much fats are provided to the heart and does so in association with several partners like LPL and VEGFs. Together, they regulate the amount of fats supplied, and their subsequent breakdown to provide energy. Following diabetes, there is a disruption in this network resulting in fat oversupply and cell death. Understanding how the heparanase-LPL-VEGFs "ensemble" cooperates, and its dysfunction in the diabetic heart would be useful in restoring metabolic equilibrium and limiting diabetes-related cardiac damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Shang
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Nathaniel Lal
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Karanjit Puri
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Bahira Hussein
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Brian Rodrigues
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
116
|
Shahzad K, Lopreiato V, Liang Y, Trevisi E, Osorio JS, Xu C, Loor JJ. Hepatic metabolomics and transcriptomics to study susceptibility to ketosis in response to prepartal nutritional management. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2019; 10:96. [PMID: 31867104 PMCID: PMC6918647 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-019-0404-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ketosis in dairy cows is associated with body fat mobilization during the peripartal period. Sub-clinical and clinical ketosis arise more frequently in cows that are overfed energy during the entire dry (last 50 to 45 days prior to parturition) or close-up period (last ~ 28 days prepartum). Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 12 cows from a larger cohort that were fed a higher-energy diet [1.54 Mcal/kg of dry matter (DM); 35.9% of DM corn silage and 13% of DM ground corn] during the close-up dry period, of which 6 did not develop clinical ketosis (OVE, 0.83 mmol/L plasma hydroxybutyrate; BHB) and 6 were diagnosed with clinical ketosis (KET, 1.4 mmol/L BHB) during the first week postpartum. A whole-transcriptome bovine microarray (Agilent Technologies) and metabolomics (GC-MS, LC-MS; Metabolon® Inc.) were used to perform transcript and metabolite profiling of liver tissue harvested at − 10 days relative to parturition which allowed to establish potential associations between prepartal transcriptome/metabolome profiles and susceptibility to clinical ketosis postpartum. Results Cows in KET had greater (P = 0.01) overall body weight between − 2 and 1 week around parturition, but similar body condition score than OVE. Although dry matter intake (DMI) did not differ prepartum, KET cows had lower (P < 0.01) DMI and similar milk yield as OVE cows during the first week postpartum. Transcriptome analysis revealed a total of 3065 differentially expressed genes (DEG; P ≤ 0.05) in KET. Metabolomics identified 15 out of 313 total biochemical compounds significantly affected (P ≤ 0.10) in KET. Among those, greater concentrations (P ≤ 0.06, + 2.3-fold) of glycochenodeoxycholate in KET cows also have been detected in humans developing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Bioinformatics analysis using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway database and the DEG revealed that, among the top 20 most-impacted metabolic pathway categories in KET, 65% were overall downregulated. Those included ‘Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins’, ‘Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites’, ‘Lipid’, ‘Carbohydrate’, and ‘Glycan biosynthesis and metabolism’. The lower relative concentration of glucose-6-phosphate and marked downregulation of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 2 and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 support a strong impairment in gluconeogenesis in prepartal liver of cows developing KET postpartum. Among the top 20 most-impacted non-metabolic pathways, 85% were downregulated. Pathways such as ‘mTOR signalling’ and ‘Insulin signalling’ were among those. ‘Ribosome’, ‘Nucleotide excision repair’, and ‘Adherens junctions’ were the only upregulated pathways in cows with KET. Conclusions The combined data analyses revealed more extensive alterations of the prepartal liver transcriptome than metabolome in cows overfed energy and developing ketosis postpartum. The causative link between these tissue-level adaptations and onset of clinical ketosis needs to be studied further.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khuram Shahzad
- 1COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, ChakShahzad, Islamabad, 44000 Pakistan.,2Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
| | - Vincenzo Lopreiato
- 3Istituto di Zootecnica, Facoltà di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Yusheng Liang
- 2Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
| | - Erminio Trevisi
- 3Istituto di Zootecnica, Facoltà di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Johan S Osorio
- 4Department of Dairy Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57006 USA
| | - Chuang Xu
- 5College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Xinyang Rd. 5, Daqing, 163319 China
| | - Juan J Loor
- 2Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
| |
Collapse
|
117
|
Sugar Promotes Feeding in Flies via the Serine Protease Homolog scarface. Cell Rep 2019; 24:3194-3206.e4. [PMID: 30232002 PMCID: PMC6167639 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.08.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A balanced diet of macronutrients is critical for animal health. A lack of specific elements can have profound effects on behavior, reproduction, and lifespan. Here, we used Drosophila to understand how the brain responds to carbohydrate deprivation. We found that serine protease homologs (SPHs) are enriched among genes that are transcriptionally regulated in flies deprived of carbohydrates. Stimulation of neurons expressing one of these SPHs, Scarface (Scaf), or overexpression of scaf positively regulates feeding on nutritious sugars, whereas inhibition of these neurons or knockdown of scaf reduces feeding. This modulation of food intake occurs only in sated flies while hunger-induced feeding is unaffected. Furthermore, scaf expression correlates with the presence of sugar in the food. As Scaf and Scaf neurons promote feeding independent of the hunger state, and the levels of scaf are positively regulated by the presence of sugar, we conclude that scaf mediates the hedonic control of feeding. The fly brain responds to specific macronutrients via distinct signaling pathways Serine protease homologs act as neuromodulators under sugar deprivation Sugar is both necessary and sufficient to maintain expression levels of scarface Scarface and Scarface neurons mediate hedonic control of feeding in flies
Collapse
|
118
|
Payne JA, Proszkowiec-Weglarz M, Ellestad LE. Delayed access to feed alters expression of genes associated with carbohydrate and amino acid utilization in newly hatched broiler chicks. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2019; 317:R864-R878. [PMID: 31596116 PMCID: PMC6962625 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00117.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Newly hatched chicks must transition from lipid-rich yolk to carbohydrate-rich feed as their primary nutrient source, and posthatch delays in access to feed can have long-term negative consequences on growth and metabolism. In this study, impacts of delayed access to feed at hatch on expression of genes related to nutrient uptake and utilization in two metabolically important tissues, liver and muscle, were determined in broiler (meat-type) chickens. Hatched chicks were given access to feed within 3 h (fed) or delayed access to feed for 48 h (delayed fed), and liver and breast muscle were collected from males at hatch and 4 h, 1 day, 2 days, 4 days, and 8 days posthatch for analysis of gene expression. Differential expression of carbohydrate response element-binding protein and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ in muscle and liver was observed, with results indicating a transitional delay from lipid to carbohydrate metabolism when hatched chicks were not given immediate access to feed. Extended upregulation of insulin receptor mRNA was observed in both tissues in delayed fed birds, suggesting increased sensitivity to circulating levels of the hormone. Developmental delays in expression patterns of cationic amino acid transporters 1 and 2 in both tissues and large neutral amino acid transporter 1 in muscle were also apparent when immediate feed access was prevented. These data suggest that delayed transition to carbohydrate use and altered nutrient transport and utilization within liver and breast muscle are key factors negatively affecting growth and metabolism following delayed feed access in broiler chickens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason A Payne
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Monika Proszkowiec-Weglarz
- Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Services, Northeast Area, Beltsville, Maryland
| | - Laura E Ellestad
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| |
Collapse
|
119
|
Paulus WJ, Dal Canto E. Distinct Myocardial Targets for Diabetes Therapy in Heart Failure With Preserved or Reduced Ejection Fraction. JACC-HEART FAILURE 2019; 6:1-7. [PMID: 29284577 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchf.2017.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Noncardiac comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus (DM) have different outcomes in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) compared with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). These different outcomes are the result of distinct myocardial effects of DM on HFpEF and HFrEF, which relate to different mechanisms driving myocardial remodeling in each heart failure phenotype. Myocardial remodeling is driven by microvascular endothelial inflammation in HFpEF and by cardiomyocyte cell death in HFrEF. Evidence consists of: different biomarker profiles, in which inflammatory markers are prominent in HFpEF and markers of myocardial injury or wall stress are prominent in HFrEF; reduced coronary flow reserve with microvascular rarefaction in HFpEF; and upregulation of free radical-producing enzymes in endothelial cells in HFpEF and in cardiomyocytes in HFrEF. As biopsies from patients with diabetic cardiomyopathy reveal, DM affects failing myocardium by phenotype-specific mechanisms. In HFpEF, DM mainly increases cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and stiffness, probably because of hyperinsulinemia and microvascular endothelial inflammation. In HFrEF, DM augments replacement fibrosis because of cardiomyocyte cell death induced by lipotoxicity or advanced glycation end products. Because DM exerts distinct effects on myocardial remodeling in HFpEF and HFrEF, the heart failure phenotype is important for DM therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Walter J Paulus
- Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Elisa Dal Canto
- Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
120
|
Sen S, Das C. Managing the sugar factory: A new feather in the cap for nuclear factor Y. J Biol Chem 2019; 293:7905-7906. [PMID: 29777018 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.h118.002885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Gluconeogenesis in the liver converts lipids and several other noncarbohydrate precursors into glucose, ensuring that blood sugar levels are maintained at healthy levels, especially during fasting. Effective regulation of gluconeogenesis is therefore critical for maintaining systemic metabolic homeostasis. Zhang and colleagues have discovered that the ubiquitous transcriptional regulator nuclear factor Y (NF-Y) confers cAMP responsiveness to key gluconeogenic genes and up-regulates hepatic glucose production. The study expands our understanding of transcriptional regulation of hepatic gluconeogenesis and also presents critical insights into the function of NF-Y in the liver.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabyasachi Sen
- From the Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700064, India
| | - Chandrima Das
- From the Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700064, India
| |
Collapse
|
121
|
Luo Y, Zhang YN, Zhang H, Lv HB, Zhang ML, Chen LQ, Du ZY. PPARα activation enhances the ability of nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) to resist Aeromonas hydrophila infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 94:675-684. [PMID: 31563556 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.09.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) plays critical physiological roles in energy metabolism, antioxidation and immunity of mammals, however, these functions have not been fully understood in fish. In the present study, Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) were fed with fenofibrate, an agonist of PPARα, for six weeks, and subsequently challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila. The results showed that PPARα was efficiently activated by fenofibrate through increasing mRNA and protein expressions and protein dephosphorylation. PPARα activation increased significantly mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation efficiency, the copy number of mitochondrial DNA and expression of monoamine oxidase (MAO), a marker gene of mitochondria. Meanwhile, PPARα activation also increased significantly the expression of NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1α subcomplex subunit 9 (NDUFA9, complex I) and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase 1 (MTCO1, complex IV). The fenofibrate-fed fish had higher survival rate when exposed to A. hydrophila. Moreover, the fenofibrate-fed fish also had higher activities of immune and antioxidative enzymes, and gene expressions of anti-inflammatory cytokines, while had lower expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokine genes. Taken together, PPARα activation improved the ability of Nile tilapia to resist A. hydrophila, mainly through enhancing mitochondrial fatty acids β-oxidation, immune and antioxidant capacities, as well as inhibiting inflammation. This is the first study showing the regulatory effects of PPARα activation on immune functions through increasing mitochondria-mediated energy supply in fish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Luo
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health (LANEH), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun-Ni Zhang
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health (LANEH), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health (LANEH), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong-Bo Lv
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health (LANEH), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mei-Ling Zhang
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health (LANEH), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Qiao Chen
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health (LANEH), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhen-Yu Du
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health (LANEH), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
122
|
Ochsner SA, Abraham D, Martin K, Ding W, McOwiti A, Kankanamge W, Wang Z, Andreano K, Hamilton RA, Chen Y, Hamilton A, Gantner ML, Dehart M, Qu S, Hilsenbeck SG, Becnel LB, Bridges D, Ma'ayan A, Huss JM, Stossi F, Foulds CE, Kralli A, McDonnell DP, McKenna NJ. The Signaling Pathways Project, an integrated 'omics knowledgebase for mammalian cellular signaling pathways. Sci Data 2019; 6:252. [PMID: 31672983 PMCID: PMC6823428 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-019-0193-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mining of integrated public transcriptomic and ChIP-Seq (cistromic) datasets can illuminate functions of mammalian cellular signaling pathways not yet explored in the research literature. Here, we designed a web knowledgebase, the Signaling Pathways Project (SPP), which incorporates community classifications of signaling pathway nodes (receptors, enzymes, transcription factors and co-nodes) and their cognate bioactive small molecules. We then mapped over 10,000 public transcriptomic or cistromic experiments to their pathway node or biosample of study. To enable prediction of pathway node-gene target transcriptional regulatory relationships through SPP, we generated consensus 'omics signatures, or consensomes, which ranked genes based on measures of their significant differential expression or promoter occupancy across transcriptomic or cistromic experiments mapped to a specific node family. Consensomes were validated using alignment with canonical literature knowledge, gene target-level integration of transcriptomic and cistromic data points, and in bench experiments confirming previously uncharacterized node-gene target regulatory relationships. To expose the SPP knowledgebase to researchers, a web browser interface was designed that accommodates numerous routine data mining strategies. SPP is freely accessible at https://www.signalingpathways.org .
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Scott A Ochsner
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - David Abraham
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Kirt Martin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Wei Ding
- Duncan NCI Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Apollo McOwiti
- Duncan NCI Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Wasula Kankanamge
- Duncan NCI Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Zichen Wang
- Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai University, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Kaitlyn Andreano
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Ross A Hamilton
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Yue Chen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Angelica Hamilton
- Diabetes & Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Marin L Gantner
- Department of Chemical Physiology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Michael Dehart
- Duncan NCI Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Shijing Qu
- Duncan NCI Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Susan G Hilsenbeck
- Duncan NCI Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Lauren B Becnel
- Duncan NCI Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Dave Bridges
- University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Avi Ma'ayan
- Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai University, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Janice M Huss
- Diabetes & Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Fabio Stossi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Charles E Foulds
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Anastasia Kralli
- Department of Chemical Physiology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Donald P McDonnell
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Neil J McKenna
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
123
|
Wang ZH, Liu Y, Chaitankar V, Pirooznia M, Xu H. Electron transport chain biogenesis activated by a JNK-insulin-Myc relay primes mitochondrial inheritance in Drosophila. eLife 2019; 8:49309. [PMID: 31612862 PMCID: PMC6809605 DOI: 10.7554/elife.49309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Oogenesis features an enormous increase in mitochondrial mass and mtDNA copy number, which are required to furnish mature eggs with an adequate supply of mitochondria and to curb the transmission of deleterious mtDNA variants. Quiescent in dividing germ cells, mtDNA replication initiates upon oocyte determination in the Drosophila ovary, which necessitates active mitochondrial respiration. However, the underlying mechanism for this dynamic regulation remains unclear. Here, we show that an feedforward insulin-Myc loop promotes mitochondrial respiration and biogenesis by boosting the expression of electron transport chain subunits and of factors essential for mtDNA replication and expression, and for the import of mitochondrial proteins. We further reveal that transient activation of JNK enhances the expression of the insulin receptor and initiates the insulin-Myc signaling loop. This signaling relay promotes mitochondrial biogenesis in the ovary, and thereby plays a role in limiting the transmission of deleterious mtDNA mutations. Our study demonstrates cellular mechanisms that couple mitochondrial biogenesis and inheritance with oocyte development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zong-Heng Wang
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Yi Liu
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Vijender Chaitankar
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Mehdi Pirooznia
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Hong Xu
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| |
Collapse
|
124
|
Kim GH, Kan SY, Kang H, Lee S, Ko HM, Kim JH, Lim JH. Ursolic Acid Suppresses Cholesterol Biosynthesis and Exerts Anti-Cancer Effects in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4767. [PMID: 31561416 PMCID: PMC6802365 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormally upregulated cholesterol and lipid metabolism, observed commonly in multiple cancer types, contributes to cancer development and progression through the activation of oncogenic growth signaling pathways. Although accumulating evidence has shown the preventive and therapeutic benefits of cholesterol-lowering drugs for cancer management, the development of cholesterol-lowering drugs is needed for treatment of cancer as well as metabolism-related chronic diseases. Ursolic acid (UA), a natural pentacyclic terpenoid, suppresses cancer growth and metastasis, but the precise underlying molecular mechanism for its anti-cancer effects is poorly understood. Here, using sterol regulatory element (SRE)-luciferase assay-based screening on a library of 502 natural compounds, this study found that UA activates sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 (SREBP2). The expression of cholesterol biosynthesis-related genes and enzymes increased in UA-treated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. The UA increased cell cycle arrest and apoptotic death in HCC cells and reduced the activation of oncogenic growth signaling factors, all of which was significantly reversed by cholesterol supplementation. As cholesterol supplementation successfully reversed UA-induced attenuation of growth in HCC cells, it indicated that UA suppresses HCC cells growth through its cholesterol-lowering effect. Overall, these results suggested that UA is a promising cholesterol-lowering nutraceutical for the prevention and treatment of patients with HCC and cholesterol-related chronic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geon-Hee Kim
- Department of Applied Life Science, Graduate School of Konkuk University, College of Biomedical & Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea.
- Diabetes and Bio-Research Center, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea.
| | - Sang-Yeon Kan
- Department of Applied Life Science, Graduate School of Konkuk University, College of Biomedical & Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea.
- Diabetes and Bio-Research Center, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea.
| | - Hyeji Kang
- Department of Applied Life Science, Graduate School of Konkuk University, College of Biomedical & Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea.
- Diabetes and Bio-Research Center, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea.
| | - Sujin Lee
- Department of Applied Life Science, Graduate School of Konkuk University, College of Biomedical & Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea.
- Diabetes and Bio-Research Center, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea.
| | - Hyun Myung Ko
- Department of Life Science, College of Science and Technology, Woosuk University, 66 Daehak-ro, Jincheon-eup, Chungcheongbuk-do 27841, Korea.
| | - Ji Hyung Kim
- College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.
| | - Ji-Hong Lim
- Department of Applied Life Science, Graduate School of Konkuk University, College of Biomedical & Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea.
- Diabetes and Bio-Research Center, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
125
|
Ondrey FG. Pioglitazone, Nuclear Receptors, and Aerodigestive Prevention. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2019; 12:641-644. [PMID: 31537582 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-19-0341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
There has been intense interest in nuclear receptor targeting for cancer prevention. With the exception of estrogen antagonism in breast carcinoma there has not been widespread adoption or success of this strategy in clinical cancer prevention. Keith and colleagues have performed a careful study, which utilized the PPARγ nuclear receptor agonist, pioglitazone, a common type II diabetes agent, in subjects at risk for lung carcinoma. Although the results are not promising with this strategy, the study provides evidence for feasibility accrual and biomarker strategies that could be utilized to gain additional insight in future trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frank G Ondrey
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
| |
Collapse
|
126
|
HSF1 Regulates Mevalonate and Cholesterol Biosynthesis Pathways. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11091363. [PMID: 31540279 PMCID: PMC6769575 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11091363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) is an essential transcription factor in cellular adaptation to various stresses such as heat, proteotoxic stress, metabolic stress, reactive oxygen species, and heavy metals. HSF1 promotes cancer development and progression, and increased HSF1 levels are frequently observed in multiple types of cancers. Increased activity in the mevalonate and cholesterol biosynthesis pathways, which are very important for cancer growth and progression, is observed in various cancers. However, the functional role of HSF1 in the mevalonate and cholesterol biosynthesis pathways has not yet been investigated. Here, we demonstrated that the activation of RAS-MAPK signaling through the overexpression of H-RasV12 increased HSF1 expression and the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway. In addition, the activation of HSF1 was also found to increase cholesterol biosynthesis. Inversely, the suppression of HSF1 by the pharmacological inhibitor KRIBB11 and short-hairpin RNA (shRNA) reversed H-RasV12-induced cholesterol biosynthesis. From the standpoint of therapeutic applications for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treatment, HSF1 inhibition was shown to sensitize the antiproliferative effects of simvastatin in HCC cells. Overall, our findings demonstrate that HSF1 is a potential target for statin-based HCC treatment.
Collapse
|
127
|
Ekhtari S, Razeghi J, Hasanpur K, Kianianmomeni A. Different regulations of cell-type transcription by UV-B in multicellular green alga Volvox carteri. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2019; 14:1657339. [PMID: 31446835 PMCID: PMC6804692 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2019.1657339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
There is a scarcity of research reports on the effect of ultraviolet (UV)-B radiation on genome-wide transcriptional regulation in the multicellular green microalga including Volvox carteri (V. carteri). This microalga possesses only two cell types including mortal and motile somatic cells, as well as immortal and immotile reproductive cells. Therefore, the present study evaluated the effect of low-dose UV-B radiation on the cell-type-specific gene expression pattern of reproductive and somatic cells in an asexual life cycle of V. carteri using RNA sequence method. To this end, the separated reproductive and somatic cells were treated for 1 hour at an intensity of 0.056 mW/cm-2 UV-B radiation. Then, a transcriptome analysis was conducted between the UV-B and white light treated groups in either of the cell types. Based on differential gene expression analyses, no differentially expressed genes were found in reproductive cells under the treatment as compared to the control group. This type of cell maintained its steady state. However, treating the somatic cells with UV-B radiation led to at least 126 differentially expressed genes compared to the untreated control group. In addition, the results of a direct comparison demonstrated a restricted and wide response to UV-B radiation in somatic cells as compared to reproductive cells. Based on the results, UV-B radiation could be involved in cell-type-specific regulation of biological pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S. Ekhtari
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - J. Razeghi
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - K. Hasanpur
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - A. Kianianmomeni
- Department of Cellular and Developmental Biology of Plants, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
128
|
Son B, Lee S, Kim H, Kang H, Jeon J, Jo S, Seong KM, Lee SJ, Youn H, Youn B. Decreased FBP1 expression rewires metabolic processes affecting aggressiveness of glioblastoma. Oncogene 2019; 39:36-49. [PMID: 31444412 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-0974-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Radiotherapy is a standard treatment option for patients with glioblastoma (GBM). Although it has high therapeutic efficacy, some proportion of the tumor cells that survive after radiotherapy may cause side effects. In this study, we found that fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase 1 (FBP1), a rate-limiting enzyme in gluconeogenesis, was downregulated upon treatment with ionizing radiation (IR). Ets1, which was found to be overexpressed in IR-induced infiltrating GBM, was suggested to be a transcriptional repressor of FBP1. Furthermore, glucose uptake and extracellular acidification rates were increased upon FBP1 downregulation, which indicated an elevated glycolysis level. We found that emodin, an inhibitor of phosphoglycerate mutase 1 derived from natural substances, significantly suppressed the glycolysis rate and IR-induced GBM migration in in vivo orthotopic xenograft mouse models. We propose that the reduced FBP1 level reprogrammed the metabolic state of GBM cells, and thus, FBP1 is a potential therapeutic target regulating GBM metabolism following radiotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beomseok Son
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungmin Lee
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunwoo Kim
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunkoo Kang
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewan Jeon
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University School of Medicine, Busan, 48108, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunmi Jo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University School of Medicine, Busan, 48108, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Moon Seong
- Laboratory of Low Dose Risk Assessment, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Jae Lee
- Department of Life Science, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - HyeSook Youn
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - BuHyun Youn
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
129
|
System analysis of cross-talk between nuclear receptors reveals an opposite regulation of the cell cycle by LXR and FXR in human HepaRG liver cells. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0220894. [PMID: 31437187 PMCID: PMC6705839 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcriptional regulations exert a critical control of metabolic homeostasis. In particular, the nuclear receptors (NRs) are involved in regulating numerous pathways of the intermediate metabolism. The purpose of the present study was to explore in liver cells the interconnectedness between three of them, LXR, FXR, and PPARα, all three known to act on lipid and glucose metabolism, and also on inflammation. The human cell line HepaRG was selected for its best proximity to human primary hepatocytes. Global gene expression of differentiated HepaRG cells was assessed after 4 hours and 24 hours of exposure to GW3965 (LXR agonist), GW7647 (PPARα agonist), and GW4064 and CDCA (FXR synthetic and natural agonist, respectively). Our work revealed that, contrary to our expectations, NR specificity is largely present at the level of target genes, with a smaller than expected overlap of the set of genes targeted by the different NRs. It also highlighted the much broader activity of the synthetic FXR ligand compared to CDCA. More importantly, our results revealed that activation of FXR has a pro-proliferative effect and decreases the number of tetraploid (or binucleated) hepatocytes, while LXR inhibits the cell cycle progression, inducing hepatocyte differentiation and an increase in tetraploidism. Conclusion: these results highlight the importance of analyzing the different NR activities in a context allowing a direct confrontation of each receptor outcome, and reveals the opposite role of FXR and LXR in hepatocyte cells division and maturation.
Collapse
|
130
|
Pettersen IKN, Tusubira D, Ashrafi H, Dyrstad SE, Hansen L, Liu XZ, Nilsson LIH, Løvsletten NG, Berge K, Wergedahl H, Bjørndal B, Fluge Ø, Bruland O, Rustan AC, Halberg N, Røsland GV, Berge RK, Tronstad KJ. Upregulated PDK4 expression is a sensitive marker of increased fatty acid oxidation. Mitochondrion 2019; 49:97-110. [PMID: 31351920 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2019.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acid oxidation is a central fueling pathway for mitochondrial ATP production. Regulation occurs through multiple nutrient- and energy-sensitive molecular mechanisms. We explored if upregulated mRNA expression of the mitochondrial enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4) may be used as a surrogate marker of increased mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation, by indicating an overall shift from glucose to fatty acids as the preferred oxidation fuel. The association between fatty acid oxidation and PDK4 expression was studied in different contexts of metabolic adaption. In rats treated with the modified fatty acid tetradecylthioacetic acid (TTA), Pdk4 was upregulated simultaneously with fatty acid oxidation genes in liver and heart, whereas muscle and white adipose tissue remained unaffected. In MDA-MB-231 cells, fatty acid oxidation increased nearly three-fold upon peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα, PPARA) overexpression, and four-fold upon TTA-treatment. PDK4 expression was highly increased under these conditions. Further, overexpression of PDK4 caused increased fatty acid oxidation in these cells. Pharmacological activators of PPARα and AMPK had minor effects, while the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin potentiated the effect of TTA. There were minor changes in mitochondrial respiration, glycolytic function, and mitochondrial biogenesis under conditions of increased fatty acid oxidation. TTA was found to act as a mild uncoupler, which is likely to contribute to the metabolic effects. Repeated experiments with HeLa cells supported these findings. In summary, PDK4 upregulation implies an overarching metabolic shift towards increased utilization of fatty acids as energy fuel, and thus constitutes a sensitive marker of enhanced fatty acid oxidation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hanan Ashrafi
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Lena Hansen
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway; Department of Oncology and Medical Physics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | | | | | | | | | - Hege Wergedahl
- Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway
| | - Bodil Bjørndal
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Øystein Fluge
- Department of Oncology and Medical Physics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ove Bruland
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Nils Halberg
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Gro Vatne Røsland
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway; Department of Oncology and Medical Physics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Rolf Kristian Berge
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway; Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | | |
Collapse
|
131
|
Pentraxin 3 deficiency exacerbates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in adipose tissue. Int J Obes (Lond) 2019; 44:525-538. [PMID: 31209269 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-019-0402-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) has been characterized as a soluble and multifunctional pattern recognition protein in the regulation of innate immune response. However, little is known about its role in adipose tissue inflammation and obesity. Herein, we investigated the role of PTX3 in the regulation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in adipocytes and adipose tissue, as well as high-fat diet (HFD)-induced metabolic inflammation in obesity. METHODS Ptx3 knockdown 3T3-L1 Cells were generated using shRNA for Ptx3 gene and treated with different inflammatory stimuli. For the in vivo studies, Ptx3 knockout mice were treated with 0.3 mg/kg of LPS for 6 h. Adipose tissues were collected for gene and protein expression by qPCR and western blotting, respectively. Ptx3 knockout mice were fed with HFD for 12 week since 6 week of age. RESULTS We observed that the expression of PTX3 in adipose tissue and serum PTX3 were markedly increased in response to LPS administration. Knocking down Ptx3 in 3T3-L1 cells reduced adipogenesis and caused a more profound and sustained upregulation of proinflammatory gene expression and signaling pathway activation during LPS-stimulated inflammation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. In vivo studies showed that PTX3 deficiency significantly exacerbated the LPS-induced upregulation of inflammatory genes and downregulation of adipogeneic genes in visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue of mice. Accordingly, LPS stimulation elicited increased activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and p44/42 MAPK (Erk1/2) signaling pathways in visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue. The expression of PTX3 in adipose tissue was also induced by HFD, and PTX3 deficiency led to the upregulation of proinflammatory genes in visceral adipose tissue of HFD-induced obese mice. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest a protective role of PTX3 in LPS- and HFD-induced sustained inflammation in adipose tissue.
Collapse
|
132
|
Chayaratanasin P, Caobi A, Suparpprom C, Saenset S, Pasukamonset P, Suanpairintr N, Barbieri MA, Adisakwattana S. Clitoria ternatea Flower Petal Extract Inhibits Adipogenesis and Lipid Accumulation in 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes by Downregulating Adipogenic Gene Expression. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24101894. [PMID: 31108834 PMCID: PMC6571662 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24101894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Clitoria ternatea (commonly known as blue pea) flower petal extract (CTE) is used as a natural colorant in a variety of foods and beverages. The objective of study was to determine the inhibitory effect of CTE on adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. The phytochemical profiles of CTE were analyzed by liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Anti-adipogenesis effect of CTE was measured by using Oil Red O staining, intracellular triglyceride assay, quantitative real-time PCR and western blot analysis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Cell cycle studies were performed by flow cytometry. Lipolysis experiments were performed using a colorimetric assay kit. In early stages, CTE demonstrated anti-adipogenic effects through inhibition of proliferation and cell cycle retardation by suppressing expression of phospho-Akt and phospho-ERK1/2 signaling pathway. The results also showed that CTE inhibited the late stage of differentiation through diminishing expression of adipogenic transcription factors including PPARγ and C/EBPα. The inhibitory action was subsequently attenuated in downregulation of fatty acid synthase and acetyl-CoA carboxylase, causing the reduction of TG accumulation. In addition, CTE also enhanced catecholamine-induced lipolysis in adipocytes. These results suggest that CTE effectively attenuates adipogenesis by controlling cell cycle progression and downregulating adipogenic gene expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Poramin Chayaratanasin
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
- Program in Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| | - Allen Caobi
- Department of Biological sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA.
| | - Chaturong Suparpprom
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Ta-po, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand.
| | - Sudarat Saenset
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Ta-po, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand.
| | - Porntip Pasukamonset
- Department of Home Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand.
| | - Nipattra Suanpairintr
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| | | | - Sirichai Adisakwattana
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
133
|
Polak-Iwaniuk A, Harasim-Symbor E, Gołaszewska K, Chabowski A. How Hypertension Affects Heart Metabolism. Front Physiol 2019; 10:435. [PMID: 31040794 PMCID: PMC6476990 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is one of the most frequently observed cardiovascular diseases, which precedes heart failure in 75% of its cases. It is well-established that hypertensive patients have whole body metabolic complications such as hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, decreased insulin sensitivity or diabetes mellitus. Since myocardial metabolism is strictly dependent on hormonal status as well as substrate milieu, the above mentioned disturbances may affect energy generation status in the heart. Interestingly, it was found that hypertension induces a shift in substrate preference toward increased glucose utilization in cardiac muscle, prior to structural changes development. The present work reports advances in the aspect of heart metabolism under high blood pressure conditions, including human and the most common animal models of hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ewa Harasim-Symbor
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | | | - Adrian Chabowski
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
134
|
Castro MC, Villagarcía HG, Massa ML, Francini F. Alpha-lipoic acid and its protective role in fructose induced endocrine-metabolic disturbances. Food Funct 2019; 10:16-25. [PMID: 30575838 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo01856a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In recent decades a worldwide increase has been reported in the consumption of unhealthy high calorie diets associated with marked changes in meal nutrient composition, such as a higher intake of refined carbohydrates, which leads to the speculatation that changes in food habits have contributed to the current epidemic of obesity and type 2 diabetes. Among these refined carbohydrates, fructose has been deeply investigated and murine models of high fructose diet have emerged as useful tools to study dietary-induced insulin resistance, impaired glucose tolerance, dyslipidemia and alterations in glucose metabolism. Since oxidative stress has been demonstrated to play a key pathogenic role in the alterations described above, several lines of research have focused on the possible preventive effects of antioxidant/redox state regulation therapy, among which alpha-lipoic acid has been extensively investigated. The following references discussed support the fact that co-administration of alpha-lipoic acid normalized the changes generated by fructose rich diets, thereby making this compound a good therapeutic tool, also administered as a food supplement, to prevent endocrine-metabolic disturbances triggered by high fructose associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes at an early stage of development (prediabetes).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Cecilia Castro
- CENEXA (Centro de Endocrinología Experimental y Aplicada, UNLP-CONICET La Plata-FCM) (Centro asociado CICPBA), 1900 La Plata, Argentina.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
135
|
Betancor MB, Ortega A, de la Gándara F, Tocher DR, Mourente G. Performance, feed utilization, and hepatic metabolic response of weaned juvenile Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus L.): effects of dietary lipid level and source. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2019; 45:697-718. [PMID: 30470945 PMCID: PMC6500510 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-018-0587-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Two trials were performed using extruded diets as on-growing feeds for weaned Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus; ABT) to establish adequate dietary levels of both lipid and omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs), and impacts on lipid metabolism via liver gene expression. In trial A, ABT were fed with either a commercial feed (Magokoro®; MGK) as a reference diet or two experimental feeds differing in lipid levels (15 or 20%) using krill oil (KO) as the single lipid source in order to estimate suitable lipid content. Fish fed MGK displayed the highest growth, followed by 15KO, and therefore a dietary lipid content of 15% was considered preferable to 20% at this stage. In trial B, fish were fed MGK, 15KO, or a feed containing 15% lipid with a blend of KO and rapeseed oil (RO) (1:1, v/v; 15KORO). Fish fed 15KO and 15KORO showed no difference in weight gain, specific growth rate, and fork length. Increasing dietary lipid level or including vegetable oil, RO, in the feeds did not increase liver lipid content. Liver fatty acid compositions largely reflected dietary profiles confirming very limited endogenous LC-PUFA biosynthesis. Liver of ABT fed 15KO and 20KO displayed the highest contents of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). The hepatic expression of genes encoding enzymes and transcription factors involved in lipid and fatty acid metabolism, as well as genes encoding antioxidant enzymes, showed that many of these genes were regulated by dietary lipid and LC-PUFA content. Results suggested that ABT juveniles can be on-grown on inert dry feeds that support good fish growth and the accumulation of DHA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mónica B Betancor
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland, FK9 4LA, UK.
| | - Aurelio Ortega
- Planta Experimental de Cultivos Marinos, Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), 30860 Puerto de Mazarrón, Murcia, Spain
| | - Fernando de la Gándara
- Planta Experimental de Cultivos Marinos, Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), 30860 Puerto de Mazarrón, Murcia, Spain
| | - Douglas R Tocher
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland, FK9 4LA, UK
| | - Gabriel Mourente
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
136
|
Nutritional Regulation of Gene Expression: Carbohydrate-, Fat- and Amino Acid-Dependent Modulation of Transcriptional Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20061386. [PMID: 30893897 PMCID: PMC6470599 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to detect changes in nutrient levels and generate an adequate response to these changes is essential for the proper functioning of living organisms. Adaptation to the high degree of variability in nutrient intake requires precise control of metabolic pathways. Mammals have developed different mechanisms to detect the abundance of nutrients such as sugars, lipids and amino acids and provide an integrated response. These mechanisms include the control of gene expression (from transcription to translation). This review reports the main molecular mechanisms that connect nutrients’ levels, gene expression and metabolism in health. The manuscript is focused on sugars’ signaling through the carbohydrate-responsive element binding protein (ChREBP), the role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) in the response to fat and GCN2/activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) and mTORC1 pathways that sense amino acid concentrations. Frequently, alterations in these pathways underlie the onset of several metabolic pathologies such as obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases or cancer. In this context, the complete understanding of these mechanisms may improve our knowledge of metabolic diseases and may offer new therapeutic approaches based on nutritional interventions and individual genetic makeup.
Collapse
|
137
|
Wang F, Shi H, Wang S, Wang Y, Cao Z, Li S. Amino Acid Metabolism in Dairy Cows and their Regulation in Milk Synthesis. Curr Drug Metab 2019; 20:36-45. [DOI: 10.2174/1389200219666180611084014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Reducing dietary Crude Protein (CP) and supplementing with certain Amino Acids (AAs)
has been known as a potential solution to improve Nitrogen (N) efficiency in dairy production. Thus understanding
how AAs are utilized in various sites along the gut is critical.
Objective:
AA flow from the intestine to Portal-drained Viscera (PDV) and liver then to the mammary gland was
elaborated in this article. Recoveries in individual AA in PDV and liver seem to share similar AA pattern with input:
output ratio in mammary gland, which subdivides essential AA (EAA) into two groups, Lysine (Lys) and Branchedchain
AA (BCAA) in group 1, input: output ratio > 1; Methionine (Met), Histidine (His), Phenylalanine (Phe) etc. in
group 2, input: output ratio close to 1. AAs in the mammary gland are either utilized for milk protein synthesis or
retained as body tissue, or catabolized. The fractional removal of AAs and the number and activity of AA transporters
together contribute to the ability of AAs going through mammary cells. Mammalian Target of Rapamycin
(mTOR) pathway is closely related to milk protein synthesis and provides alternatives for AA regulation of milk
protein synthesis, which connects AA with lactose synthesis via α-lactalbumin (gene: LALBA) and links with milk
fat synthesis via Sterol Regulatory Element-binding Transcription Protein 1 (SREBP1) and Peroxisome Proliferatoractivated
Receptor (PPAR).
Conclusion:
Overall, AA flow across various tissues reveals AA metabolism and utilization in dairy cows on one
hand. While the function of AA in the biosynthesis of milk protein, fat and lactose at both transcriptional and posttranscriptional
level from another angle provides the possibility for us to regulate them for higher efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feiran Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Haitao Shi
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Conservation & Utilization of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resources, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Shuxiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yajing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhijun Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shengli Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
138
|
Routti H, Diot B, Panti C, Duale N, Fossi MC, Harju M, Kovacs KM, Lydersen C, Scotter SE, Villanger GD, Bourgeon S. Contaminants in Atlantic walruses in Svalbard Part 2: Relationships with endocrine and immune systems. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 246:658-667. [PMID: 30611942 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.11.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Marine mammals in the Barents Sea region have among the highest levels of contaminants recorded in the Arctic and the Atlantic walrus (Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus) is one of the most contaminated species within this region. We therefore investigated the relationships bewteen blubber concentrations of lipophilic persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and plasma concentrations of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and markers of endocrine and immune functions in adult male Atlantic walruses (n = 38) from Svalbard, Norway. To do so, we assessed plasma concentrations of five forms of thyroid hormones and transcript levels of genes related to the endocrine and immune systems as endpoints; transcript levels of seven genes in blubber and 23 genes in blood cells were studied. Results indicated that plasma total thyroxine (TT4) concentrations and ratio of TT4 and reverse triiodothyronine decreased with increasing blubber concentrations of lipophilic POPs. Blood cell transcript levels of genes involved in the function of T and B cells (FC like receptors 2 and 5, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4 and protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 22) were increased with plasma PFAS concentrations. These results suggest that changes in thyroid and immune systems in adult male walruses are linked to current levels of contaminant exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heli Routti
- Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, Tromsø, Norway; University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
| | - Béatrice Diot
- UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | | | - Nur Duale
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Mikael Harju
- Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Fram Centre, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Kit M Kovacs
- Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, Tromsø, Norway
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
139
|
Tanianskii DA, Jarzebska N, Birkenfeld AL, O'Sullivan JF, Rodionov RN. Beta-Aminoisobutyric Acid as a Novel Regulator of Carbohydrate and Lipid Metabolism. Nutrients 2019; 11:E524. [PMID: 30823446 PMCID: PMC6470580 DOI: 10.3390/nu11030524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence and incidence of metabolic syndrome is reaching pandemic proportions worldwide, thus warranting an intensive search for novel preventive and treatment strategies. Recent studies have identified a number of soluble factors secreted by adipocytes and myocytes (adipo-/myokines), which link sedentary life style, abdominal obesity, and impairments in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. In this review, we discuss the metabolic roles of the recently discovered myokine β-aminoisobutyric acid (BAIBA), which is produced by skeletal muscle during physical activity. In addition to physical activity, the circulating levels of BAIBA are controlled by the mitochondrial enzyme alanine: glyoxylate aminotransferase 2 (AGXT2), which is primarily expressed in the liver and kidneys. Recent studies have shown that BAIBA can protect from diet-induced obesity in animal models. It induces transition of white adipose tissue to a "beige" phenotype, which induces fatty acids oxidation and increases insulin sensitivity. While the exact mechanisms of BAIBA-induced metabolic effects are still not well understood, we discuss some of the proposed pathways. The reviewed data provide new insights into the connection between physical activity and energy metabolism and suggest that BAIBA might be a potential novel drug for treatment of the metabolic syndrome and its cardiovascular complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dmitrii A Tanianskii
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Acad. Pavlov St., 12, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia.
- Department of Fundamental Medicine and Medical Technology, St.Petersburg State University, 8 liter A, 21st Line V.O., 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Natalia Jarzebska
- University Center for Vascular Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Andreas L Birkenfeld
- Medical Clinic III, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
| | - John F O'Sullivan
- Medical Clinic III, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
- Charles Perkins Centre and Heart Research Institute, The University of Sydney, 7 Eliza St, Newtown NSW, Sydney 2042, Australia.
| | - Roman N Rodionov
- University Center for Vascular Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
140
|
Inducible Loss of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Activates Perigonadal White Fat Respiration and Brown Fat Thermogenesis via Fibroblast Growth Factor 21. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20040950. [PMID: 30813227 PMCID: PMC6412252 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20040950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor highly expressed in hepatocytes. Researchers have employed global and liver-specific conditional Ahr knockout mouse models to characterize the physiological roles of the AHR; however, the gestational timing of AHR loss in these models can complicate efforts to distinguish the direct and indirect effects of post-gestational AHR deficiency. Utilizing a novel tamoxifen-inducible AHR knockout mouse model, we analyzed the effects of hepatocyte-targeted AHR loss in adult mice. The data demonstrate that AHR deficiency significantly reduces weight gain and adiposity, and increases multilocular lipid droplet formation within perigonadal white adipose tissue (gWAT). Protein and mRNA expression of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), an important hepatokine that activates thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and gWAT, significantly increases upon AHR loss and correlates with a significant increase of BAT and gWAT respiratory capacity. Confirming the role of FGF21 in mediating these effects, this phenotype is reversed in mice concomitantly lacking AHR and FGF21 expression. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analyses suggest that the AHR may constitutively suppress Fgf21 transcription through binding to a newly identified xenobiotic response element within the Fgf21 promoter. The data demonstrate an important AHR-FGF21 regulatory axis that influences adipose biology and may represent a “druggable” therapeutic target for obesity and its related metabolic disorders.
Collapse
|
141
|
Prusinkiewicz MA, Mymryk JS. Metabolic Reprogramming of the Host Cell by Human Adenovirus Infection. Viruses 2019; 11:E141. [PMID: 30744016 PMCID: PMC6409786 DOI: 10.3390/v11020141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites that alter many cellular processes to create an environment optimal for viral replication. Reprogramming of cellular metabolism is an important, yet underappreciated feature of many viral infections, as this ensures that the energy and substrates required for viral replication are available in abundance. Human adenovirus (HAdV), which is the focus of this review, is a small DNA tumor virus that reprograms cellular metabolism in a variety of ways. It is well known that HAdV infection increases glucose uptake and fermentation to lactate in a manner resembling the Warburg effect observed in many cancer cells. However, HAdV infection induces many other metabolic changes. In this review, we integrate the findings from a variety of proteomic and transcriptomic studies to understand the subtleties of metabolite and metabolic pathway control during HAdV infection. We review how the E4ORF1 protein of HAdV enacts some of these changes and summarize evidence for reprogramming of cellular metabolism by the viral E1A protein. Therapies targeting altered metabolism are emerging as cancer treatments, and similar targeting of aberrant components of virally reprogrammed metabolism could have clinical antiviral applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin A Prusinkiewicz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada.
| | - Joe S Mymryk
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada.
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada.
- Department of Oncology, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada.
- London Regional Cancer Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON N6C 2R5, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
142
|
Hsieh PN, Fan L, Sweet DR, Jain MK. The Krüppel-Like Factors and Control of Energy Homeostasis. Endocr Rev 2019; 40:137-152. [PMID: 30307551 PMCID: PMC6334632 DOI: 10.1210/er.2018-00151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Nutrient handling by higher organisms is a complex process that is regulated at the transcriptional level. Studies over the past 15 years have highlighted the critical importance of a family of transcriptional regulators termed the Krüppel-like factors (KLFs) in metabolism. Within an organ, distinct KLFs direct networks of metabolic gene targets to achieve specialized functions. This regulation is often orchestrated in concert with recruitment of tissue-specific transcriptional regulators, particularly members of the nuclear receptor family. Upon nutrient entry into the intestine, gut, and liver, KLFs control a range of functions from bile synthesis to intestinal stem cell maintenance to effect nutrient acquisition. Subsequently, coordinated KLF activity across multiple organs distributes nutrients to sites of storage or liberates them for use in response to changes in nutrient status. Finally, in energy-consuming organs like cardiac and skeletal muscle, KLFs tune local metabolic programs to precisely match substrate uptake, flux, and use, particularly via mitochondrial function, with energetic demand; this is achieved in part via circulating mediators, including glucocorticoids and insulin. Here, we summarize current understanding of KLFs in regulation of nutrient absorption, interorgan circulation, and tissue-specific use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paishiun N Hsieh
- Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Liyan Fan
- Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - David R Sweet
- Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Mukesh K Jain
- Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.,Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
| |
Collapse
|
143
|
Li Y, Yin Z, Dong Y, Wang S, Monroig Ó, Tocher DR, You C. Pparγ Is Involved in the Transcriptional Regulation of Liver LC-PUFA Biosynthesis by Targeting the Δ6Δ5 Fatty Acyl Desaturase Gene in the Marine Teleost Siganus canaliculatus. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 21:19-29. [PMID: 30206714 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-018-9854-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
As the first marine teleost demonstrated to have the ability of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) biosynthesis from C18 PUFA precursors, the rabbitfish Siganus canaliculatus provides us a unique model for clarifying the regulatory mechanisms of LC-PUFA biosynthesis in teleosts aiming at the replacement of dietary fish oil (rich in LC-PUFA) with vegetable oils (rich in C18 PUFA precursors but devoid of LC-PUFA). In the study of transcription regulation of gene encoding the Δ6Δ5 fatty acyl desaturase (Δ6Δ5 Fads), a rate-limiting enzyme catalyzing the first step of LC-PUFA biosynthesis in rabbitfish, a binding site for the transcription factor (TF), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (Pparγ), was predicted in Δ6Δ5 fads2 promoter by bioinformatics analysis, and thus the present study focused on the regulatory roles of Pparγ on Δ6Δ5 fads2. First, the activity of the Δ6Δ5 fads2 promoter was proved to be downregulated by pparγ overexpression and upregulated by treatment of Pparγ antagonist (GW9662), respectively, in HEK 293T cells with the dual luciferase reporter assay. Pparγ was further confirmed to interact with the promoter by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Moreover, in S. canaliculatus hepatocyte line (SCHL) cells, GW9662 decreased the expression of pparγ together with increase of Δ6Δ5 fads2 mRNA. Besides, Δ6Δ5 fads2 expression was increased by pparγ RNAi knockdown and reduced by its mRNA overexpression. Furthermore, knockdown of pparγ induced a high conversion of 18:3n-3 to 18:4n-3 and 18:2n-6 to 18:3n-6, while pparγ mRNA overexpression led to a lower conversion of that, and finally a significant decrease of 20:4n-6(ARA), 20:5n-3(EPA), and 22:6n-3(DHA) production. The results indicate that Pparγ is involved in the transcriptional regulation of liver LC-PUFA biosynthesis by targeting Δ6Δ5 fads2 in rabbitfish, which is the first report of Pparγ involvement in the regulation of LC-PUFA biosynthesis in teleosts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyou Li
- School of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China.
| | - Ziyan Yin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Yewei Dong
- School of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Shuqi Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Óscar Monroig
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland, FK9 4LA, UK
| | - Douglas R Tocher
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland, FK9 4LA, UK
| | - Cuihong You
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China.
| |
Collapse
|
144
|
Faulconnier Y, Boby C, Pires J, Labonne C, Leroux C. Effects of Azgp1 -/-on mammary gland, adipose tissue and liver gene expression and milk lipid composition in lactating mice. Gene 2019; 692:201-207. [PMID: 30660714 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The expression of Azgp1 gene, an adipokine involved in the mobilization of body reserves, was observed in mammary gland of ruminants. Its regulation by different dietary conditions suggests a potential role in the mechanisms controlling the composition of milk fat. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of Azgp1 during lactation. Azgp1-/- mice were compared to wild-type to determine its effects on milk fatty acid composition and offspring growth. To determine its effects on mammary gland, adipose tissue and liver gene expression, gene expression was analyzed using RT-qPCR via TLDA analyses. The body weight of Azgp1-/- mothers was slightly higher after parturition and at 10 days of lactation compared to the wild type. The milk polyunsaturated fatty acid content was increased in Azgp1-/- mice. Among the 40 genes studied, Azgp1-/- modified the expression of 9, 10 and 3 genes in mammary gland, adipose tissue and liver, respectively. These genes, involved in fatty acid synthesis, transport and triglyceride synthesis, were downregulated in Azgp1-/- mice showing a particularity during lactation. Changes in mammary gland gene expression may explain the modifications observed in milk fatty acid composition. This study supports a role of Azgp1 on lipid metabolism, in particular in mammary gland, during lactation function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Faulconnier
- INRA, Université Clermont Auvergne, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - Céline Boby
- INRA, Université Clermont Auvergne, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - José Pires
- INRA, Université Clermont Auvergne, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - Cyril Labonne
- INRA, Université Clermont Auvergne, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - Christine Leroux
- INRA, Université Clermont Auvergne, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France.
| |
Collapse
|
145
|
Li X, Liu M, Ji JY. Understanding Obesity as a Risk Factor for Uterine Tumors Using Drosophila. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1167:129-155. [PMID: 31520353 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-23629-8_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Multiple large-scale epidemiological studies have identified obesity as an important risk factor for a variety of human cancers, particularly cancers of the uterus, gallbladder, kidney, liver, colon, and ovary, but there is much uncertainty regarding how obesity increases the cancer risks. Given that obesity has been consistently identified as a major risk factor for uterine tumors, the most common malignancies of the female reproductive system, we use uterine tumors as a pathological context to survey the relevant literature and propose a novel hypothesis: chronic downregulation of the cyclin-dependent kinase 8 (CDK8) module, composed of CDK8 (or its paralog CDK19), Cyclin C, MED12 (or MED12L), and MED13 (or MED13L), by elevated insulin or insulin-like growth factor signaling in obese women may increase the chances to dysregulate the activities of transcription factors regulated by the CDK8 module, thereby increasing the risk of uterine tumors. Although we focus on endometrial cancer and uterine leiomyomas (or fibroids), two major forms of uterine tumors, our model may offer additional insights into how obesity increases the risk of other types of cancers and diseases. To illustrate the power of model organisms for studying human diseases, here we place more emphasis on the findings obtained from Drosophila melanogaster.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Li
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, USA
| | - Mengmeng Liu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, USA
| | - Jun-Yuan Ji
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
146
|
Langlet F. Tanycyte Gene Expression Dynamics in the Regulation of Energy Homeostasis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:286. [PMID: 31133987 PMCID: PMC6514105 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal survival relies on a constant balance between energy supply and energy expenditure, which is controlled by several neuroendocrine functions that integrate metabolic information and adapt the response of the organism to physiological demands. Polarized ependymoglial cells lining the floor of the third ventricle and sending a single process within metabolic hypothalamic parenchyma, tanycytes are henceforth described as key components of the hypothalamic neural network controlling energy balance. Their strategic position and peculiar properties convey them diverse physiological functions ranging from blood/brain traffic controllers, metabolic modulators, and neural stem/progenitor cells. At the molecular level, these functions rely on an accurate regulation of gene expression. Indeed, tanycytes are characterized by their own molecular signature which is mostly associated to their diverse physiological functions, and the detection of variations in nutrient/hormone levels leads to an adequate modulation of genetic profile in order to ensure energy homeostasis. The aim of this review is to summarize recent knowledge on the nutritional control of tanycyte gene expression.
Collapse
|
147
|
Brunetti A, Arcidiacono B, Foti DP, Semple RK. Editorial: Transcriptional Regulation of Glucose Metabolism: Gaps and Controversies. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:629. [PMID: 31620085 PMCID: PMC6759599 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Brunetti
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
- *Correspondence: Antonio Brunetti
| | - Biagio Arcidiacono
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Daniela Patrizia Foti
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Robert K. Semple
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Robert K. Semple
| |
Collapse
|
148
|
Le F, Lou HY, Wang QJ, Wang N, Wang LY, Li LJ, Yang XY, Zhan QT, Lou YY, Jin F. Increased hepatic INSIG-SCAP-SREBP expression is associated with cholesterol metabolism disorder in assisted reproductive technology-conceived aged mice. Reprod Toxicol 2018; 84:9-17. [PMID: 30562550 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Although most children conceived by assisted reproductive technology (ART) are healthy, there are concerns regarding the potential long-term health implications of ART. It has been reported that alterations in insulin-induced gene (INSIG), sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP), and SREBP cleavage-activating protein (SCAP) are involved in cardiometabolic changes. Thus, ART mouse models were established via in vitro fertilization (IVF), intracytoplasmic injection (ICSI), and in vitro oocyte maturation (IVM). A significantly higher systolic blood pressure was identified in the IVM aged female mice. In addition, abnormalities in the blood lipids and liver function were identified in the IVM- or ICSI-conceived elderly mice. Furthermore, ICSI or IVM significantly affected the hepatic expression and methylation of INSIG-SCAP-SREBP from a young to old age. Our animal data indicated that ICSI or IVM result in a higher risk of cholesterol metabolism dysfunction in older mice, which may be associated with long-term alterations of INSIG-SCAP-SREBP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Le
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Hang-Ying Lou
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Qi-Jing Wang
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Li-Ya Wang
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Le-Jun Li
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Xin-Yun Yang
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Qi-Tao Zhan
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Yi-Yun Lou
- Department of Gynecology, Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Fan Jin
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310006, China
| |
Collapse
|
149
|
Tang CH, Lin CY, Tsai YL, Lee SH, Wang WH. Lipidomics as a diagnostic tool of the metabolic and physiological state of managed whales: A correlation study of systemic metabolism. Zoo Biol 2018; 37:440-451. [PMID: 30457161 DOI: 10.1002/zoo.21452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Integrating multifactor blood analysis is a key step toward a precise diagnosis of the health status of marine mammals. Variations in the circulating lipid profile reflect changes in the metabolism and physiology of an individual. To demonstrate the practicability of lipid profiling for physiological assessment, the phosphorylcholine-containing lipids in the plasma of long-term managed beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas) were profiled using a lipidomics methodology. Using a multivariate analysis, the mean corpuscular volume, cholesterol, potassium, and γ-glutamyltranspeptidase levels were well modeled with the lipid profile of the female whales. In the models, the correlated lipids provided information about blood parameter-related metabolism and physiological regulation, in particular relating to cholesterol and inflammation. In the males, the levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, plasma iron, and segmented neutrophil were well modeled with the lipid profile. In addition to providing information about the related metabolism and regulation, through a cross-linked analysis of the blood parameters, the correlated lipids indicated a parallel regulation involved in the energy metabolism of the male whales. Lipidomics as a method for revealing the context of physiological change shows practical potential for the health care of managed whales.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Ho Tang
- Department of Biology, National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Pingtung, Taiwan.,Institute of Marine Biology, National Dong Hwa University, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yu Lin
- Institute of Environmental Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Lun Tsai
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Hui Lee
- Central of General Education, National Kaohsiung Marine University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hsien Wang
- Department of Biology, National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Pingtung, Taiwan.,Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources and Asia-Pacific Ocean Research Center, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
150
|
Analysis of the PPARD Gene Expression Level Changes in Football Players in Response to the Training Cycle. Balkan J Med Genet 2018; 21:19-25. [PMID: 30425906 PMCID: PMC6231314 DOI: 10.2478/bjmg-2018-0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The PPARD gene codes protein that belongs to the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) family engaged in a variety of biological processes, including lipid metabolism in muscle cells. In this study, we assess the relationship between PPARD gene expression lipid metabolism parameters and the variation of the PPARD gene expression before (T1) and after 12 hours of training (T2) sessions in a group of football players. Peripheral blood lymphocytes were obtained from 22 football players (17.5±0.7 years, 178±0.7 cm, 68.05±9.18 kg). The PPARD gene expression, analyzed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), was significantly higher after T2 (p = 0.0006). Moreover, at the end of the training cycle, there was a significant decrease in relative fat tissue (FAT) (%) (p = 0.01) and absolute FAT (kg) (p = 0.01). A negative correlation was observed between absolute FAT (kg) and PPARD gene expression level in T2 (p = 0.03). The levels of cholesterol and triglyceride (TG) fractions were not significantly different (p >0.05) before and after training. No significant relationship between PPARD expression and cholesterol or TG levels was found. We found that physical training affects PPARD expression. Moreover, the negative correlation between PPARD expression and absolute FAT (kg) level may be indicative of the contribution of PPARD in metabolic adaptation to increased lipid uptake that can be used to control the body composition of athletes.
Collapse
|