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Liao P, Lung SC, Chan WL, Bach TJ, Lo C, Chye ML. Overexpression of HMG-CoA synthase promotes Arabidopsis root growth and adversely affects glucosinolate biosynthesis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:272-289. [PMID: 31557302 PMCID: PMC6913736 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase (HMGS) catalyses the second step of the mevalonate (MVA) pathway. An HMGS inhibitor (F-244) has been reported to retard growth in wheat, tobacco, and Brassica juncea, but the mechanism remains unknown. Although the effects of HMGS on downstream isoprenoid metabolites have been extensively reported, not much is known on how it might affect non-isoprenoid metabolic pathways. Here, the mechanism of F-244-mediated inhibition of primary root growth in Arabidopsis and the relationship between HMGS and non-isoprenoid metabolic pathways were investigated by untargeted SWATH-MS quantitative proteomics, quantitative real-time PCR, and target metabolite analysis. Our results revealed that the inhibition of primary root growth caused by F-244 was a consequence of reduced stigmasterol, auxin, and cytokinin levels. Interestingly, proteomic analyses identified a relationship between HMGS and glucosinolate biosynthesis. Inhibition of HMGS activated glucosinolate biosynthesis, resulting from the induction of glucosinolate biosynthesis-related genes, suppression of sterol biosynthesis-related genes, and reduction in sterol levels. In contrast, HMGS overexpression inhibited glucosinolate biosynthesis, due to down-regulation of glucosinolate biosynthesis-related genes, up-regulation of sterol biosynthesis-related genes, and increase in sterol content. Thus, HMGS might represent a target for the manipulation of glucosinolate biosynthesis, given the regulatory relationship between HMGS in the MVA pathway and glucosinolate biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Liao
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, CUHK, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shiu-Cheung Lung
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wai Lung Chan
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Thomas J Bach
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UPR 2357, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Clive Lo
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mee-Len Chye
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, CUHK, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
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Falcioni R, Moriwaki T, Perez-Llorca M, Munné-Bosch S, Gibin MS, Sato F, Pelozo A, Pattaro MC, Giacomelli ME, Rüggeberg M, Antunes WC. Cell wall structure and composition is affected by light quality in tomato seedlings. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2019; 203:111745. [PMID: 31931381 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2019.111745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Light affects many aspects of cell development. Tomato seedlings growing at different light qualities (white, blue, green, red, far-red) and in the dark displayed alterations in cell wall structure and composition. A strong and negative correlation was found between cell wall thickness and hypocotyl growth. Cell walls was thicker under blue and white lights and thinner under far-red light and in the dark, while intermediate values was observed for red or green lights. Additionally, the inside layer surface of cell wall presented random deposited microfibrillae angles under far-red light and in the dark. However, longitudinal transmission electron microscopy indicates a high frequency of microfibrils close to parallels related to the elongation axis in the outer layer. This was confirmed by ultra-high resolution small angle X-ray scattering. These data suggest that cellulose microfibrils would be passively reoriented in the longitudinal direction. As the cell expands, the most recently deposited layers (inside) behave differentially oriented compared to older (outer) layers in the dark or under FR lights, agreeing with the multinet growth hypothesis. High Ca and pectin levels were found in the cell wall of seedlings growing under blue and white light, also contributing to the low extensibility of the cell wall. Low Ca and pectin contents were found in the dark and under far-red light. Auxins marginally stimulated growth in thin cell wall circumstances. Hypocotyl growth was stimulated by gibberellins under blue light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renan Falcioni
- Plant Ecophysiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, State University of Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, 87020-900 Maringá, Paraná, Brazil; Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, State University of Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, 87020-900 Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Thaise Moriwaki
- Plant Ecophysiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, State University of Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, 87020-900 Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Marina Perez-Llorca
- Antiox Research Group, Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal, 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Munné-Bosch
- Antiox Research Group, Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal, 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mariana Sversut Gibin
- Optical Spectroscopy and Thermophysical Properties Research Group, Department of Physics, State University of Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, 87020-900 Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Francielle Sato
- Optical Spectroscopy and Thermophysical Properties Research Group, Department of Physics, State University of Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, 87020-900 Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Andressa Pelozo
- Plant Ecophysiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, State University of Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, 87020-900 Maringá, Paraná, Brazil; Plant Anatomy Laboratory, Department of Biology, State University of Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, 87020-900 Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Mariana Carmona Pattaro
- Plant Ecophysiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, State University of Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, 87020-900 Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Marina Ellen Giacomelli
- Plant Ecophysiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, State University of Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, 87020-900 Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Markus Rüggeberg
- Wood Material Science, Institute for Building Materials, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETH Zurich), Schafmattstrasse 6, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Werner Camargos Antunes
- Plant Ecophysiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, State University of Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, 87020-900 Maringá, Paraná, Brazil.
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103
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Pérez-Llorca M, Casadesús A, Munné-Bosch S, Müller M. Contrasting patterns of hormonal and photoprotective isoprenoids in response to stress in Cistus albidus during a Mediterranean winter. PLANTA 2019; 250:1409-1422. [PMID: 31286198 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-019-03234-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Seasonal accumulation of hormonal and photoprotective isoprenoids, particularly α-tocopherol, carotenoids and abscisic acid, indicate their important role in protecting Cistus albidus plants from environmental stress during a Mediterranean winter. The high diurnal amounts of α-tocopherol and xanthophylls 3 h before maximum light intensity suggest a photoprotective response against the prevailing diurnal changes. The timing to modulate acclimatory/defense responses under changing environmental conditions is one of the most critical points for plant fitness and stress tolerance. Here, we report seasonal and diurnal changes in the contents of isoprenoids originated from the methylerythritol phosphate pathway, including chlorophylls, carotenoids, tocochromanols, and phytohormones (abscisic acid, cytokinins, and gibberellins) in C. albidus during a Mediterranean winter. Plants were subjected not only to typically low winter temperatures but also to drought, as shown by a mean plant water status of 54% during the experimental period. The maximum PSII efficiency, however, remained consistently high (Fv/Fm > 0.8), proving that C. albidus had efficient mechanisms to tolerate combined stress conditions during winter. While seasonal α-tocopherol contents remained high (200-300 µg/g DW) during the experimental period, carotenoid contents increased during winter attaining maximum levels in February (minimum air temperature ≤ 5 °C for 13 days). Following the initial transient increases of bioactive trans-zeatin (about fivefold) during winter, the increased abscisic acid contents proved its important role during abiotic stress tolerance. Diurnal amounts of α-tocopherol and xanthophylls, particularly lutein, zeaxanthin and neoxanthin including the de-epoxidation state, reached maximum levels as early as 2 h after dawn, when solar intensity was 68% lower than the maximum solar radiation at noon. It is concluded that (1) given their proven antioxidant properties, both α-tocopherol and carotenoids seem to play a crucial role protecting the photosynthetic apparatus under severe stress conditions; (2) high seasonal amounts of abscisic acid indicate its important role in abiotic stress tolerance within plant hormones, although under specific environmental conditions, accumulation of bioactive cytokinins appears to be involved to enhance stress tolerance; (3) the concerted diurnal adjustment of α-tocopherol and xanthophylls as early as 3 h before maximum light intensity suggests that plants anticipated the predictable diurnal changes in the environment to protect the photosynthetic apparatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Pérez-Llorca
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Biodiversity Research Institute, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrea Casadesús
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Munné-Bosch
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Biodiversity Research Institute, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maren Müller
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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Campos FV, Oliveira JA, Pereira MG, Farnese FS. Nitric oxide and phytohormone interactions in the response of Lactuca sativa to salinity stress. PLANTA 2019; 250:1475-1489. [PMID: 31327043 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-019-03236-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Nitric oxide increased lettuce's tolerance to salinity by restoring its hormonal balance, consequently reducing Na + accumulation and activating defense mechanisms that allowed the attenuation of ionic, oxidative, and osmotic stresses. Agricultural crops are continually threatened by soil salinity. The plant's ability to tolerate soil salinity can be increased by treatment with the signaling molecule nitric oxide (NO). Involvement of NO in plant metabolism and its interactions with phytohormones have not been fully described, so knowledge about the role of this radical in signaling pathways remains fragmented. In this work, Lactuca sativa (lettuce) plants were subjected to four treatments: (1) control (nutrient solution); (2) SNP [nutrient solution containing 70 μM sodium nitroprusside (SNP), an NO donor]; (3) NaCl (nutrient solution containing 80 mM NaCl); or (4) SNP + NaCl (nutrient solution containing SNP and NaCl). The plants were exposed to these conditions for 24 h, and then, the roots and leaves were collected and used to evaluate biochemical parameters (reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, cell membrane damage, cell death, antioxidant enzymes activities, and proline concentration), physiological parameters (pigments' concentration and gas-exchange measurements), and phytohormone content. To evaluate growth, tolerance index, and nutrient concentration, the plants were exposed to the treatments for 3 days. L sativa exposure to NaCl triggered ionic, osmotic, and oxidative stress, which resulted in hormone imbalance, cell death, and decreased growth. These deleterious changes were correlated with Na+ content in the vegetative tissues. Adding NO decreased Na+ accumulation and stabilized the mineral nutrient concentration, which maintained the photosynthetic rate and re-established growth. NO-signaling action also re-established the phytohormones balance and resulted in antioxidant system activation and osmotic regulation, with consequent increase in plants tolerance to the salt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda V Campos
- Instituto Federal Fluminense/Campus Avançado São João da Barra, São João da Barra, RJ, 28200-00, Brazil
| | - Juraci A Oliveira
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-000, Brazil.
| | - Mayara G Pereira
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-000, Brazil
| | - Fernanda S Farnese
- Instituto Federal Goiano, Campus Rio Verde, Rio Verde, GO, 75.901-970, Brazil
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105
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Lei J, Jayaprakasha GK, Singh J, Uckoo R, Borrego EJ, Finlayson S, Kolomiets M, Patil BS, Braam J, Zhu-Salzman K. CIRCADIAN CLOCK-ASSOCIATED1 Controls Resistance to Aphids by Altering Indole Glucosinolate Production. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 181:1344-1359. [PMID: 31527087 PMCID: PMC6836836 DOI: 10.1104/pp.19.00676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
CIRCADIAN CLOCK-ASSOCIATED1 (CCA1), a well-known central circadian clock regulator, coordinates plant responses to environmental challenges. Its daily rhythmic expression in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) confers host resistance to the caterpillar Trichoplusia ni However, it is unclear whether CCA1 plays a role in defense against phloem sap-feeding aphids. In this study, we showed that green peach aphid (Myzus persicae) displayed an intrinsic circadian feeding rhythm. Under constant light, wild-type Columbia-0 (Col-0) Arabidopsis plants coentrained with aphids in the same light/dark cycles exhibited greater antixenotic activity than plants preentrained in the opposite cycle from the aphids. Consistently, circadian mutants cca1-1, cca1-11, lhy-21, ztl-1, ztl-4, and lux-2 suffered more severe damage than Col-0 plants when infested by aphids, suggesting that the Arabidopsis circadian clock plays a defensive role. However, the arrhythmic CCA1 overexpression line (CCA1-OX) displayed strong antixenotic and antibiotic activities despite its loss of circadian regulation. Aphids feeding on CCA1-OX plants exhibited lower reproduction and smaller body size and weight than those on Col-0. Apparently, CCA1 regulates both clock-dependent and -independent defense responses. Systematic investigation based on bioinformatics analyses indicated that resistance to aphids in CCA1-OX plants was due primarily to heightened basal indole glucosinolate levels. Interestingly, aphid feeding induced alternatively spliced intron-retaining CCA1a/b transcripts, which are normally expressed at low levels, whereas expression of the major fully spliced CCA1 transcript remained largely unchanged. We hypothesize that posttranscriptional modulation of CCA1 expression upon aphid infestation maximizes the potential of circadian-mediated defense and stress tolerance while ensuring normal plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Lei
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
- Vegetable and Fruit Improvement Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
- Institute for Plant Genomics and Biotechnology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | | | - Jashbir Singh
- Vegetable and Fruit Improvement Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Rammohan Uckoo
- Vegetable and Fruit Improvement Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Eli J Borrego
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Scott Finlayson
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Mike Kolomiets
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Bhimanagouda S Patil
- Vegetable and Fruit Improvement Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Janet Braam
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005
| | - Keyan Zhu-Salzman
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
- Vegetable and Fruit Improvement Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
- Institute for Plant Genomics and Biotechnology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
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106
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Soba D, Zhou B, Arrese-Igor C, Munné-Bosch S, Aranjuelo I. Physiological, Hormonal and Metabolic Responses of two Alfalfa Cultivars with Contrasting Responses to Drought. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5099. [PMID: 31618819 PMCID: PMC6829892 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20205099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is frequently constrained by environmental conditions such as drought. Within this context, it is crucial to identify the physiological and metabolic traits conferring a better performance under stressful conditions. In the current study, two alfalfa cultivars (San Isidro and Zhong Mu) with different physiological strategies were selected and subjected to water limitation conditions. Together with the physiological analyses, we proceeded to characterize the isotopic, hormone, and metabolic profiles of the different plants. According to physiological and isotopic data, Zhong Mu has a water-saver strategy, reducing water lost by closing its stomata but fixing less carbon by photosynthesis, and therefore limiting its growth under water-stressed conditions. In contrast, San Isidro has enhanced root growth to replace the water lost through transpiration due to its more open stomata, thus maintaining its biomass. Zhong Mu nodules were less able to maintain nodule N2 fixing activity (matching plant nitrogen (N) demand). Our data suggest that this cultivar-specific performance is linked to Asn accumulation and its consequent N-feedback nitrogenase inhibition. Additionally, we observed a hormonal reorchestration in both cultivars under drought. Therefore, our results showed an intra-specific response to drought at physiological and metabolic levels in the two alfalfa cultivars studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Soba
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (IdAB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Gobierno de Navarra, 31006 Mutilva, Spain.
| | - Bangwei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
| | - Cesar Arrese-Igor
- Department of Sciences, Institute for Multidisciplinary Research in Applied Biology, Universidad Pública de Navarra, E-31006 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Sergi Munné-Bosch
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Iker Aranjuelo
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (IdAB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Gobierno de Navarra, 31006 Mutilva, Spain.
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107
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Ranjan A, Westrick NM, Jain S, Piotrowski JS, Ranjan M, Kessens R, Stiegman L, Grau CR, Conley SP, Smith DL, Kabbage M. Resistance against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in soybean involves a reprogramming of the phenylpropanoid pathway and up-regulation of antifungal activity targeting ergosterol biosynthesis. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2019; 17:1567-1581. [PMID: 30672092 PMCID: PMC6662107 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, a predominately necrotrophic fungal pathogen with a broad host range, causes a significant yield-limiting disease of soybean called Sclerotinia stem rot. Resistance mechanisms against this pathogen in soybean are poorly understood, thus hindering the commercial deployment of resistant varieties. We used a multiomic approach utilizing RNA-sequencing, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-based metabolomics and chemical genomics in yeast to decipher the molecular mechanisms governing resistance to S. sclerotiorum in soybean. Transcripts and metabolites of two soybean recombinant inbred lines, one resistant and one susceptible to S. sclerotiorum were analysed in a time course experiment. The combined results show that resistance to S. sclerotiorum in soybean is associated in part with an early accumulation of JA-Ile ((+)-7-iso-jasmonoyl-L-isoleucine), a bioactive jasmonate, increased ability to scavenge reactive oxygen species, and importantly, a reprogramming of the phenylpropanoid pathway leading to increased antifungal activities. Indeed, we noted that phenylpropanoid pathway intermediates, such as 4-hydroxybenzoate, cinnamic acid, ferulic acid and caffeic acid, were highly accumulated in the resistant line. In vitro assays show that these metabolites and total stem extracts from the resistant line clearly affect S. sclerotiorum growth and development. Using chemical genomics in yeast, we further show that this antifungal activity targets ergosterol biosynthesis in the fungus, by disrupting enzymes involved in lipid and sterol biosynthesis. Overall, our results are consistent with a model where resistance to S. sclerotiorum in soybean coincides with an early recognition of the pathogen, leading to the modulation of the redox capacity of the host and the production of antifungal metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Ranjan
- Department of Plant PathologyUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWIUSA
| | | | - Sachin Jain
- Department of Plant PathologyUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWIUSA
| | - Jeff S. Piotrowski
- The Great Lakes Bioenergy Research CenterUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWIUSA
- Present address:
Yumanity TherapeuticsCambridgeMAUSA
| | - Manish Ranjan
- School of Computational and Integrative SciencesJawaharlal Nehru UniversityNew DelhiIndia
| | - Ryan Kessens
- Department of Plant PathologyUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWIUSA
| | - Logan Stiegman
- Department of Plant PathologyUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWIUSA
| | - Craig R. Grau
- Department of Plant PathologyUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWIUSA
| | - Shawn P. Conley
- Department of AgronomyUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWIUSA
| | - Damon L. Smith
- Department of Plant PathologyUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWIUSA
| | - Mehdi Kabbage
- Department of Plant PathologyUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWIUSA
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108
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Tijero V, Muñoz P, Munné-Bosch S. Melatonin as an inhibitor of sweet cherries ripening in orchard trees. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 140:88-95. [PMID: 31085450 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Although melatonin effects on postharvest fruit ripening have been studied in some detail, information is still scarce during pre-harvest. Here, we examined whether or not melatonin may exert a regulatory role during sweet cherries ripening in orchard trees. We evaluated (i) the endogenous variations in melatonin contents, in comparison to those of well-known phytohormones such as ABA, salicylic acid and jsamonic acid, by ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) during fruit ripening over two consecutive years, and (ii) to what extent melatonin treatments at low and high concentrations (at 10-4 M and 10-5 M, respectively) influence fruit ripening on the tree. Endogenous melatonin contents decreased in parallel to those of salicylic acid and jasmonic acid, while ABA contents increased as fruit ripening progressed, thus suggesting an inhibitory role for melatonin in fruit ripening. Furthermore, melatonin treatment at 10-5 M, which transiently increased endogenous melatonin contents at physiological concentrations, delayed anthocyanin accumulation, thus confirming an inhibitory regulatory role for melatonin in fruit ripening. We also found that the endogenous contents of cytokinins, but not those of ABA were transiently affected by melatonin treatment at 10-5 M. It is concluded that melatonin may delay sweet cherries ripening in orchard trees, probably exerting a modulatory role through a hormonal cross-talk. These results have important implications for the use of melatonin in the control of the timing of sweet cherries ripening in orchard trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Tijero
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paula Muñoz
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Munné-Bosch
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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109
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Malheiros RSP, Costa LC, Ávila RT, Pimenta TM, Teixeira LS, Brito FAL, Zsögön A, Araújo WL, Ribeiro DM. Selenium downregulates auxin and ethylene biosynthesis in rice seedlings to modify primary metabolism and root architecture. PLANTA 2019; 250:333-345. [PMID: 31030327 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-019-03175-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Selenium modulates the formation of primary and lateral roots through alterations in auxin and ethylene, leading to new patterns of root architecture in rice seedlings. Selenium (Se) at low concentrations can control root growth through interaction with hormone biosynthesis. Auxin and ethylene have been shown to control the root architecture, with most of the information obtained from the eudicots such Arabidopsis and Nicotiana tabacum. Here, we presented the effects of Se on auxin and ethylene pathways and examined their impact on primary metabolism and root system architecture in rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings. Se treatment increased elongation of primary root, but decreased the number and length of lateral roots. Se led to decreased expression of genes associated with the biosynthesis of auxin and ethylene, concomitantly with reduced production of these hormones by the roots. Moreover, Se decreased the abundance of transcripts encoding auxin transport proteins. Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) treatment overrode the repressive effect of Se on lateral root growth. The ethylene synthesis inhibitor L-α-(2-aminoethoxyvinyl)-glycine (AVG) increased elongation of primary root, whereas the ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) resulted in the opposite effect. Soluble sugars accumulate in roots of rice seedlings under Se treatment. Thus, Se modulates the formation of primary and lateral roots through alterations in auxin and ethylene, leading to new patterns of root architecture in rice seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael S P Malheiros
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Lucas C Costa
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo T Ávila
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Thaline M Pimenta
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Lubia S Teixeira
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Fred A L Brito
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
- Max-Planck Partner Group at the Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Agustín Zsögön
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Wagner L Araújo
- Max-Planck Partner Group at the Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Dimas M Ribeiro
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil.
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Pérez-Llorca M, Casadesús A, Müller M, Munné-Bosch S. Leaf Orientation as Part of the Leaf Developmental Program in the Semi-Deciduous Shrub, Cistus albidus L.: Diurnal, Positional, and Photoprotective Effects During Winter. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:767. [PMID: 31275334 PMCID: PMC6593066 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Mediterranean ecosystems harbor a very important part of Earth's biodiversity, and they are a conservation priority due to the effects of global change. Here, we examined the performance of the semi-deciduous shrub Cistus albidus under Mediterranean conditions during winter, including changes in leaf angle governed by diurnal, seasonal, and positional effects and their relationship with winter photoinhibition and photoprotection. We found marked diurnal variations in leaf angle during the day in autumn, which disappeared as the photoperiod shortened during winter due to a progressive decrease in the predawn leaf angle from November to January. During this period, auxin contents decreased, while those of melatonin increased, and the F v/F m ratio, chlorophyll, and tocopherol contents kept unaltered, thus indicating the absence of photoinhibitory damage. A marked decrease in the leaf angle toward the shoot apex occurred during winter, which was associated with slightly higher F v/F m ratios. An analysis of the inter-individual variability and sun orientation effects on leaf movements in a population growing in the Montserrat mountains revealed a very marked variability of 46.8% in the leaf angle, while F v/F m ratio showed a variation of 7.5% only. West orientation, which was associated with reduced leaf temperatures, but with no differences in the photosynthetic photon flux density, led to enhanced tocopherol contents, while leaf angle, F v/F m ratio, chlorophyll, auxin, and melatonin contents kept unaltered. It is concluded that (1) C. albidus has very effective and fine-regulated photoprotection mechanisms, including an adequate orientation of decussate leaves as part of the developmental program, (2) leaf angle is modulated on a diurnal and seasonal basis, thus contributing to prevent photoinhibition as a first line of defense, and (3) enhanced tocopherol contents help withstand combined high light with low temperature stress in C. albidus growing at high elevation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Pérez-Llorca
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrea Casadesús
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maren Müller
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Munné-Bosch
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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111
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Peivastegan B, Hadizadeh I, Nykyri J, Nielsen KL, Somervuo P, Sipari N, Tran C, Pirhonen M. Effect of wet storage conditions on potato tuber transcriptome, phytohormones and growth. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:262. [PMID: 31208336 PMCID: PMC6580497 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1875-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stored potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tubers are sensitive to wet conditions that can cause rotting in long-term storage. To study the effect of water on the tuber surface during storage, microarray analysis, RNA-Seq profiling, qRT-PCR and phytohormone measurements were performed to study gene expression and hormone content in wet tubers incubated at two temperatures: 4 °C and 15 °C. The growth of the plants was also observed in a greenhouse after the incubation of tubers in wet conditions. RESULTS Wet conditions induced a low-oxygen response, suggesting reduced oxygen availability in wet tubers at both temperatures when compared to that in the corresponding dry samples. Wet conditions induced genes coding for heat shock proteins, as well as proteins involved in fermentative energy production and defense against reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are transcripts that have been previously associated with low-oxygen stress in hypoxic or anoxic conditions. Wet treatment also induced senescence-related gene expression and genes involved in cell wall loosening, but downregulated genes encoding protease inhibitors and proteins involved in chloroplast functions and in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. Many genes involved in the production of phytohormones and signaling were also affected by wet conditions, suggesting altered regulation of growth by wet conditions. Hormone measurements after incubation showed increased salicylic acid (SA), abscisic acid (ABA) and auxin (IAA) concentrations as well as reduced production of jasmonate 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA) in wet tubers. After incubation in wet conditions, the tubers produced fewer stems and more roots compared to controls incubated in dry conditions. CONCLUSIONS In wet conditions, tubers invest in ROS protection and defense against the abiotic stress caused by reduced oxygen due to excessive water. Changes in ABA, SA and IAA that are antagonistic to jasmonates affect growth and defenses, causing induction of root growth and rendering tubers susceptible to necrotrophic pathogens. Water on the tuber surface may function as a signal for growth, similar to germination of seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahram Peivastegan
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Iman Hadizadeh
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johanna Nykyri
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Panu Somervuo
- Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nina Sipari
- Viikki Metabolomics Unit, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Cuong Tran
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Present address: Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Minna Pirhonen
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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112
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Pinheiro C, Dickinson E, Marriott A, Ribeiro IC, Pintó-Marijuan M, António C, Zarrouk O, Chaves MM, Dodd IC, Munné-Bosch S, Thomas-Oates J, Wilson J. Distinctive phytohormonal and metabolic profiles of Arabidopsis thaliana and Eutrema salsugineum under similar soil drying. PLANTA 2019; 249:1417-1433. [PMID: 30684038 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-019-03095-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis and Eutrema show similar stomatal sensitivity to drying soil. In Arabidopsis, larger metabolic adjustments than in Eutrema occurred, with considerable differences in the phytohormonal responses of the two species. Although plants respond to soil drying via a series of concurrent physiological and molecular events, drought tolerance differs greatly within the plant kingdom. While Eutrema salsugineum (formerly Thellungiella salsuginea) is regarded as more stress tolerant than its close relative Arabidopsis thaliana, their responses to soil water deficit have not previously been directly compared. To ensure a similar rate of soil drying for the two species, daily soil water depletion was controlled to 5-10% of the soil water content. While partial stomatal closure occurred earlier in Arabidopsis (Day 4) than Eutrema (from Day 6 onwards), thereafter both species showed similar stomatal sensitivity to drying soil. However, both targeted and untargeted metabolite analysis revealed greater response to drought in Arabidopsis than Eutrema. Early peaks in foliar phytohormone concentrations and different sugar profiles between species were accompanied by opposing patterns in the bioactive cytokinin profiles. Untargeted analysis showed greater metabolic adjustment in Arabidopsis with more statistically significant changes in both early and severe drought stress. The distinct metabolic responses of each species during early drought, which occurred prior to leaf water status declining, seemed independent of later stomatal closure in response to drought. The two species also showed distinct water usage, with earlier reduction in water consumption in Eutrema (Day 3) than Arabidopsis (Day 6), likely reflecting temporal differences in growth responses. We propose Arabidopsis as a promising model to evaluate the mechanisms responsible for stress-induced growth inhibition under the mild/moderate soil drying that crop plants are typically exposed to.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Pinheiro
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química E Biológica, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Av. da República, EAN, 2781-901, Oeiras, Portugal.
- DCV-Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal.
| | - Elizabeth Dickinson
- Department of Mathematics, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Andrew Marriott
- Department of Mathematics, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Isa C Ribeiro
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química E Biológica, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Av. da República, EAN, 2781-901, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Marta Pintó-Marijuan
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química E Biológica, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Av. da República, EAN, 2781-901, Oeiras, Portugal
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carla António
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química E Biológica, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Av. da República, EAN, 2781-901, Oeiras, Portugal
- Department of Mathematics, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Olfa Zarrouk
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química E Biológica, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Av. da República, EAN, 2781-901, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Maria Manuela Chaves
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química E Biológica, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Av. da República, EAN, 2781-901, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Ian C Dodd
- The Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Sergi Munné-Bosch
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jane Thomas-Oates
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Julie Wilson
- Department of Mathematics, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK.
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113
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Liu H, Guo S, Lu M, Zhang Y, Li J, Wang W, Wang P, Zhang J, Hu Z, Li L, Si L, Zhang J, Qi Q, Jiang X, Botella JR, Wang H, Song CP. Biosynthesis of DHGA 12 and its roles in Arabidopsis seedling establishment. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1768. [PMID: 30992454 PMCID: PMC6467921 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09467-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Seed germination and photoautotrophic establishment are controlled by the antagonistic activity of the phytohormones gibberellins (GAs) and abscisic acid (ABA). Here we show that Arabidopsis thaliana GAS2 (Gain of Function in ABA-modulated Seed Germination 2), a protein belonging to the Fe-dependent 2-oxoglutarate dioxygenase superfamily, catalyzes the stereospecific hydration of GA12 to produce GA12 16, 17-dihydro-16α-ol (DHGA12). We show that DHGA12, a C20-GA has an atypical structure compared to known active GAs but can bind to the GA receptor (GID1c). DHGA12 can promote seed germination, hypocotyl elongation and cotyledon greening. Silencing and over-expression of GAS2 alters the ABA/GA ratio and sensitivity to ABA during seed germination and photoautotrophic establishment. Hence, we propose that GAS2 acts to modulate hormonal balance during early seedling development. Gibberellins are a major class of phytohormones that regulate plant growth and development. Here the authors show that the Arabidopsis GAS2 protein catalyses production of DHGA12, an atypical bioactive GA, and show that GAS2 regulates ABA sensitivity during seed germination and early development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 475004, Kaifeng, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 475004, Kaifeng, China
| | - Siyi Guo
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 475004, Kaifeng, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 475004, Kaifeng, China
| | - Minghua Lu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, 475004, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 475004, Kaifeng, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 475004, Kaifeng, China
| | - Junhua Li
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, 453007, Xinxiang, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 475004, Kaifeng, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 475004, Kaifeng, China
| | - Pengtao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 475004, Kaifeng, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 475004, Kaifeng, China
| | - Junli Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 475004, Kaifeng, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 475004, Kaifeng, China
| | - Zhubing Hu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 475004, Kaifeng, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 475004, Kaifeng, China
| | - Liangliang Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 475004, Kaifeng, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 475004, Kaifeng, China
| | - Lingyu Si
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 475004, Kaifeng, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 475004, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 475004, Kaifeng, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 475004, Kaifeng, China
| | - Qi Qi
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, 100083, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangning Jiang
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, 100083, Beijing, China
| | - José Ramón Botella
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 475004, Kaifeng, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 475004, Kaifeng, China.,Plant Genetic Engineering Laboratory, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Hua Wang
- Engineering Research Center for Nanomaterials, Henan University, 475004, Kaifeng, China
| | - Chun-Peng Song
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 475004, Kaifeng, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 475004, Kaifeng, China.
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114
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Guo T, Wang N, Xue Y, Guan Q, van Nocker S, Liu C, Ma F. Overexpression of the RNA binding protein MhYTP1 in transgenic apple enhances drought tolerance and WUE by improving ABA level under drought condition. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 280:397-407. [PMID: 30824018 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
MhYTP1 is involved in post-transcriptional regulation as a member of YT521-homology (YTH) domain-containing RNA-binding proteins. We previously cloned MhYTP1 and found it participated in various biotic and abiotic stress responses. However, its function in long-term moderate drought has not been verified. Thus, we explored its biological role in response to drought. Under drought condition, the net photosynthesis rate (Pn) and water use efficiency (WUE) were significantly elevated in MhYTP1-overexpressing (OE) apple plants when compared with the non-transgenic (NT) controls. Further analysis indicated MhYTP1 expression was associated with elevated ABA content, increased stomatal density and reduced stomatal aperture. In addition, to gain insight into the function of stem-specific expression of MhYTP1, grafting experiments were performed. Interestingly, lower transpiration rate (Tr) and higher WUE were observed when transgenic plants were used as scions as opposed to rootstocks and when transgenic rather than NT plants were used as rootstocks, indicating MhYTP1 plays crucial roles in grafted plants. These results define a function for MhYTP1 in promoting tolerance to drought conditions, and suggest that MhYTP1 can serve as a candidate gene for future apple drought resistance breeding with the help of biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianli Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Na Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yangchun Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qingmei Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Steven van Nocker
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Changhai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Fengwang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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115
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Coutinho FS, dos Santos DS, Lima LL, Vital CE, Santos LA, Pimenta MR, da Silva JC, Ramos JRLS, Mehta A, Fontes EPB, de Oliveira Ramos HJ. Mechanism of the drought tolerance of a transgenic soybean overexpressing the molecular chaperone BiP. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 25:457-472. [PMID: 30956428 PMCID: PMC6419710 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-019-00643-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Drought is one of major constraints that limits agricultural productivity. Some factors, including climate changes and acreage expansion, indicates towards the need for developing drought tolerant genotypes. In addition to its protective role against endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, we have previously shown that the molecular chaperone binding protein (BiP) is involved in the response to osmotic stress and promotes drought tolerance. Here, we analyzed the proteomic and metabolic profiles of BiP-overexpressing transgenic soybean plants and the corresponding untransformed line under drought conditions by 2DE-MS and GC/MS. The transgenic plant showed lower levels of the abscisic acid and jasmonic acid as compared to untransformed plants both in irrigated and non-irrigated conditions. In contrast, the level of salicylic acid was higher in transgenic lines than in untransformed line, which was consistent with the antagonistic responses mediated by these phytohormones. The transgenic plants displayed a higher abundance of photosynthesis-related proteins, which gave credence to the hypothesis that these transgenic plants could survive under drought conditions due to their genetic modification and altered physiology. The proteins involved in pathways related to respiration, glycolysis and oxidative stress were not signifcantly changed in transgenic plants as compared to untransformed genotype, which indicate a lower metabolic perturbation under drought of the engineered genotype. The transgenic plants may have adopted a mechanism of drought tolerance by accumulating osmotically active solutes in the cell. As evidenced by the metabolic profiles, the accumulation of nine primary amino acids by protein degradation maintained the cellular turgor in the transgenic genotype under drought conditions. Thus, this mechanism of protection may cause the physiological activities including photosynthesis to be active under drought conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flaviane Silva Coutinho
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, BIOAGRO/INCT-IPP, Viçosa, MG Brazil
- Center of Analyses of Biomolecules, NuBioMol, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG Brazil
| | - Danilo Silva dos Santos
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, BIOAGRO/INCT-IPP, Viçosa, MG Brazil
| | - Lucas Leal Lima
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, BIOAGRO/INCT-IPP, Viçosa, MG Brazil
- Center of Analyses of Biomolecules, NuBioMol, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG Brazil
| | - Camilo Elber Vital
- Center of Analyses of Biomolecules, NuBioMol, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG Brazil
| | - Lázaro Aleixo Santos
- Center of Analyses of Biomolecules, NuBioMol, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG Brazil
| | - Maiana Reis Pimenta
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, BIOAGRO/INCT-IPP, Viçosa, MG Brazil
| | - João Carlos da Silva
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, BIOAGRO/INCT-IPP, Viçosa, MG Brazil
| | - Juliana Rocha Lopes Soares Ramos
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, BIOAGRO/INCT-IPP, Viçosa, MG Brazil
| | - Angela Mehta
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasília, DF Brazil
| | - Elizabeth Pacheco Batista Fontes
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, BIOAGRO/INCT-IPP, Viçosa, MG Brazil
| | - Humberto Josué de Oliveira Ramos
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, BIOAGRO/INCT-IPP, Viçosa, MG Brazil
- Center of Analyses of Biomolecules, NuBioMol, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG Brazil
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116
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Yue L, Chen F, Yu K, Xiao Z, Yu X, Wang Z, Xing B. Early development of apoplastic barriers and molecular mechanisms in juvenile maize roots in response to La 2O 3 nanoparticles. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 653:675-683. [PMID: 30759593 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Revised: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The increasing occurrence of engineered nanoparticles (NPs) in soils may decrease water uptake in crops, followed by lower crop yield and quality. As one of the most common rare earth oxide NPs, lanthanum oxide (La2O3) NPs may inhibit the relative expressions of aquaporin genes, thus reduce water uptake. In the present study, maize plants were exposed to different La2O3 NPs concentrations (0, 5, 50 mg L-1) for 72 h and 144 h right after the first leaf extended completely. Our results revealed that water uptake was reduced by La2O3 NPs through accelerating the development of apoplastic barriers in maize roots. The level of abscisic acid, determined by using ultra high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, was increased upon La2O3 NPs exposure. Furthermore, ZmPAL, ZmCCR2 and ZmCAD6, the core genes specific for biosynthesis of lignin, were up-regulated by 3-13 fold in roots exposed to 50 mg L-1 La2O3 NPs. However, ZmF5H was suppressed, indicating that lignin with S units could be excluded for the formed lignin in apoplastic barriers upon La2O3 NPs exposure. The level of essential component of apoplastic barriers - lignin was increased by 1.5-fold. The early development of apoplastic barriers was observed, and stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of La2O3 NPs-treated plants were significantly decreased by 63%-83% and 42%-86%, respectively, as compared to the control. The lignin enriched apoplastic barriers in juvenile maize thus led to the reduction of water uptake, subsequently causing significant growth inhibition. This is the first study to show early development of root apoplastic barriers upon La2O3 NPs exposure. This study will help us better understand the function of apoplastic barriers in roots in response to NPs, further providing fundamental knowledge to develop safer and more efficient agricultural nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Yue
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, and School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Feiran Chen
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, and School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Kaiqiang Yu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Zhenggao Xiao
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, and School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, and School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Baoshan Xing
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States.
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117
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Zhai R, Wang Z, Yang C, Lin-Wang K, Espley R, Liu J, Li X, Wu Z, Li P, Guan Q, Ma F, Xu L. PbGA2ox8 induces vascular-related anthocyanin accumulation and contributes to red stripe formation on pear fruit. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2019; 6:137. [PMID: 31814990 PMCID: PMC6885050 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-019-0220-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Fruit with stripes, which are generally longitudinal, can occur naturally, but the bioprocesses underlying this phenomenon are unclear. Previously, we observed an atypical anthocyanin distribution that caused red-striped fruit on the spontaneous pear bud sport "Red Zaosu" (Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd.). In this study, comparative transcriptome analysis of the sport and wild-type "Zaosu" revealed that this atypical anthocyanin accumulation was tightly correlated with abnormal overexpression of the gene-encoding gibberellin (GA) 2-beta-dioxygenase 8, PbGA2ox8. Consistently, decreased methylation was also observed in the promoter region of PbGA2ox8 from "Red Zaosu" compared with "Zaosu". Moreover, the GA levels in "Red Zaosu" seedlings were lower than those in "Zaosu" seedlings, and the application of exogenous GA4 reduced abnormal anthocyanin accumulation in "Red Zaosu". Transient overexpression of PbGA2ox8 reduced the GA4 level and caused anthocyanin accumulation in pear fruit skin. Moreover, the presence of red stripes indicated anthocyanin accumulation in the hypanthial epidermal layer near vascular branches (VBs) in "Red Zaosu". Transient overexpression of PbGA2ox8 resulting from vacuum infiltration induced anthocyanin accumulation preferentially in calcium-enriched areas near the vascular bundles in pear leaves. We propose a fruit-striping mechanism, in which the abnormal overexpression of PbGA2ox8 in "Red Zaosu" induces the formation of a longitudinal array of anthocyanin stripes near vascular bundles in fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhai
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road No. 3, Yangling, Shaanxi Province China
| | - Zhigang Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road No. 3, Yangling, Shaanxi Province China
| | - Chengquan Yang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road No. 3, Yangling, Shaanxi Province China
| | - Kui Lin-Wang
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research, Ltd., (Plant and Food Research), Mt. Albert Research Centre, Private Bag, 92169 Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Richard Espley
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research, Ltd., (Plant and Food Research), Mt. Albert Research Centre, Private Bag, 92169 Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jianlong Liu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road No. 3, Yangling, Shaanxi Province China
| | - Xieyu Li
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road No. 3, Yangling, Shaanxi Province China
| | - Zhongying Wu
- Horticultural Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Huayuan Road No. 116, Zhengzhou, Henan Province China
| | - Pengmin Li
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road No. 3, Yangling, Shaanxi Province China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road No. 3, Yangling, Shaanxi Province China
| | - Qingmei Guan
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road No. 3, Yangling, Shaanxi Province China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road No. 3, Yangling, Shaanxi Province China
| | - Fengwang Ma
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road No. 3, Yangling, Shaanxi Province China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road No. 3, Yangling, Shaanxi Province China
| | - Lingfei Xu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road No. 3, Yangling, Shaanxi Province China
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Casadesús A, Polo J, Munné-Bosch S. Hormonal Effects of an Enzymatically Hydrolyzed Animal Protein-Based Biostimulant (Pepton) in Water-Stressed Tomato Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:758. [PMID: 31249580 PMCID: PMC6582703 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Biostimulants may promote growth or alleviate the negative effects of abiotic stress on plant growth eventually resulting in enhanced yields. We examined the mechanism of action of an enzymatically hydrolyzed animal protein-based biostimulant (Pepton), which has previously been shown to benefit growth and yield in several horticultural crops, particularly under stressful conditions. Tomato plants were exposed to well-watered and water-stressed conditions in a greenhouse and the hormonal profiling of leaves was measured during and after the application of Pepton. Results showed that the Pepton application benefited antioxidant protection and exerted a major hormonal effect in leaves of water-stressed tomatoes by increasing the endogenous content of indole-3-acetic acid (auxin), trans-zeatin (cytokinin), and jasmonic acid. The enhanced jasmonic acid content may have contributed to an increased production of tocochromanols because plastochromanol-8 concentration per unit of chlorophyll was higher in Pepton-treated plants compared to controls. In conclusion, the tested Pepton application may exert a positive effect on hormonal balance and the antioxidant system of plants under water stress in an economically important crop, such as tomato plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Casadesús
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Polo
- R&D Department, APC Europe S.L., Granollers, Spain
- *Correspondence: Javier Polo,
| | - Sergi Munné-Bosch
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Hu T, Wang Y, Wang Q, Dang N, Wang L, Liu C, Zhu J, Zhan X. The tomato 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase gene SlF3HL is critical for chilling stress tolerance. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2019; 6:45. [PMID: 30962938 PMCID: PMC6441657 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-019-0127-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Low temperature is a major stress that severely affects plant development, growth, distribution, and productivity. Here, we examined the function of a 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase-encoding gene, SlF3HL, in chilling stress responses in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum cv. Alisa Craig [AC]). Knockdown (KD) of SlF3HL (through RNA interference) in tomato led to increased sensitivity to chilling stress as indicated by elevated levels of electrolyte leakage, malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). In addition, the KD plants had decreased levels of proline and decreased activities of peroxisome and superoxide dismutase. The expression of four cold-responsive genes was substantially reduced in the KD plants. Furthermore, seedling growth was significantly greater in AC or SlF3HL-overexpression plants than in the KD plants under either normal growth conditions with methyl jasmonate (MeJA) or chilling stress conditions. SlF3HL appears to positively regulate JA accumulation and the expression of JA biosynthetic and signaling genes under chilling stress. Together, these results suggest that SlF3HL is a positive regulator of chilling stress tolerance and functions in the chilling stress tolerance pathways, possibly by regulating JA biosynthesis, JA signaling, and ROS levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tixu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, No. 3, Taicheng Road, 712100 Yangling, Shaanxi China
| | - Yuqin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, No. 3, Taicheng Road, 712100 Yangling, Shaanxi China
| | - Qiqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, No. 3, Taicheng Road, 712100 Yangling, Shaanxi China
| | - Ningning Dang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, No. 3, Taicheng Road, 712100 Yangling, Shaanxi China
| | - Ling Wang
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu China
| | - Chaochao Liu
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu China
| | - Jianhua Zhu
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu China
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA
| | - Xiangqiang Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, No. 3, Taicheng Road, 712100 Yangling, Shaanxi China
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120
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Demina IV, Maity PJ, Nagchowdhury A, Ng JLP, van der Graaff E, Demchenko KN, Roitsch T, Mathesius U, Pawlowski K. Accumulation of and Response to Auxins in Roots and Nodules of the Actinorhizal Plant Datisca glomerata Compared to the Model Legume Medicago truncatula. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1085. [PMID: 31608077 PMCID: PMC6773980 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Actinorhizal nodules are structurally different from legume nodules and show a greater similarity to lateral roots. Because of the important role of auxins in lateral root and nodule formation, auxin profiles were examined in roots and nodules of the actinorhizal species Datisca glomerata and the model legume Medicago truncatula. The auxin response in roots and nodules of both species was analyzed in transgenic root systems expressing a beta-glucuronidase gene under control of the synthetic auxin-responsive promoter DR5. The effects of two different auxin on root development were compared for both species. The auxin present in nodules at the highest levels was phenylacetic acid (PAA). No differences were found between the concentrations of active auxins of roots vs. nodules, while levels of the auxin conjugate indole-3-acetic acid-alanine were increased in nodules compared to roots of both species. Because auxins typically act in concert with cytokinins, cytokinins were also quantified. Concentrations of cis-zeatin and some glycosylated cytokinins were dramatically increased in nodules compared to roots of D. glomerata, but not of M. truncatula. The ratio of active auxins to cytokinins remained similar in nodules compared to roots in both species. The auxin response, as shown by the activation of the DR5 promoter, seemed significantly reduced in nodules compared to roots of both species, suggesting the accumulation of auxins in cell types that do not express the signal transduction pathway leading to DR5 activation. Effects on root development were analyzed for the synthetic auxin naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and PAA, the dominant auxin in nodules. Both auxins had similar effects, except that the sensitivity of roots to PAA was lower than to NAA. However, while the effects of both auxins on primary root growth were similar for both species, effects on root branching were different: both auxins had the classical positive effect on root branching in M. truncatula, but a negative effect in D. glomerata. Such a negative effect of exogenous auxin on root branching has previously been found for a cucurbit that forms lateral root primordia in the meristem of the parental root; however, root branching in D. glomerata does not follow that pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina V. Demina
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pooja Jha Maity
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anurupa Nagchowdhury
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jason L. P. Ng
- Division of Plant Science, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Eric van der Graaff
- Department of Plant Physiology, Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Kirill N. Demchenko
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Plant Development, Komarov Botanical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Thomas Roitsch
- Department of Plant Physiology, Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Ulrike Mathesius
- Division of Plant Science, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Katharina Pawlowski
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Katharina Pawlowski,
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121
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Siles L, Alegre L, González-Solís A, Cahoon EB, Munné-Bosch S. Transcriptional Regulation of Vitamin E Biosynthesis during Germination of Dwarf Fan Palm Seeds. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 59:2490-2501. [PMID: 30137562 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcy170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin E, a potent antioxidant either presents in the form of tocopherols and/or tocotrienols depending on the plant species, tissue and developmental stage, plays a major role in protecting lipids from oxidation in seeds. Unlike tocopherols, which have a more universal distribution, the occurrence of tocotrienols is limited primarily to monocot seeds. Dwarf fan palm (Chamaerops humilis var. humilis) seeds accumulate tocotrienols in quiescent and dormant seeds, while tocopherols are de novo synthesized during germination. Here, we aimed to elucidate whether tocopherol biosynthesis is regulated at the transcriptional level during germination in this species. We identified and quantified the expression levels of five genes involved in vitamin E biosynthesis, including TYROSINE AMINOTRANSFERASE (ChTAT), HOMOGENTISATE PHYTYLTRANSFERASE (ChHPT), HOMOGENTISATE GERANYLGERANYL TRANSFERASE (ChHGGT), TOCOPHEROL CYCLASE (ChTC) and TOCOPHEROL γ-METHYLTRANSFERASE (Chγ-TMT). Furthermore, we evaluated to what extent variations in the endogenous contents of hormones and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) correlated with transcriptional regulation. Results showed an increase of ChTAT and ChHPT levels during seed germination, which correlated with an increase of jasmonic acid (JA), gibberellin4 (GA4), and H2O2 contents, while ChHGGT and Chγ-TMT expression levels decreased, thus clearly indicating vitamin E biosynthesis is diverted to tocopherols rather than to tocotrienols. Exogenous application of jasmonic acid increased tocopherol, but not tocotrienol content, thus confirming its regulatory role in vitamin E biosynthesis during seed germination. It is concluded that the biosynthesis of vitamin E is regulated at the transcriptional level during germination in dwarf fan palm seeds, with ChHPT playing a key role in the diversion of the vitamin E pathway towards tocopherols instead of tocotrienols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Siles
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Leonor Alegre
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ariadna González-Solís
- Center for Plant Science Innovation and Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Edgar B Cahoon
- Center for Plant Science Innovation and Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Sergi Munné-Bosch
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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122
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Shi Z, Halaly-Basha T, Zheng C, Weissberg M, Ophir R, Galbraith DW, Pang X, Or E. Transient induction of a subset of ethylene biosynthesis genes is potentially involved in regulation of grapevine bud dormancy release. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 98:507-523. [PMID: 30392158 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-018-0793-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Transient increases in ethylene biosynthesis, achieved by tight regulation of transcription of specific ACC oxidase and ACC synthase genes, play a role in activation of grapevine bud dormancy release. The molecular mechanisms regulating dormancy release in grapevine buds are as yet unclear. It has been hypothesized that its core involves perturbation of respiration which induces an interplay between ethylene and ABA metabolism that removes repression and allows regrowth. Roles for hypoxia and ABA metabolism in this process have been previously supported. The potential involvement of ethylene biosynthesis in regulation of dormancy release, which has received little attention so far, is now explored. Our results indicate that (1) ethylene biosynthesis is induced by hydrogen cyanamide (HC) and azide (AZ), known artificial stimuli of dormancy release, (2) inhibitors of ethylene biosynthesis and signalling antagonize dormancy release by HC/AZ treatments, (3) ethylene application induces dormancy release, (4) there are two sets of bud-expressed ethylene biosynthesis genes which are differentially regulated, (5) only one set is transiently upregulated by HC/AZ and during the natural dormancy cycle, concomitant with changes in ethylene levels, and (6) levels of ACC oxidase transcripts and ethylene sharply decrease during natural dormancy release, whereas ACC accumulates. Given these results, we propose that transient increases in ethylene biosynthesis prior to dormancy release, achieved primarily by regulation of transcription of specific ACC oxidase genes, play a role in activation of dormancy release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaowan Shi
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Department of Fruit Tree Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, 7528809, Rishon LeZion, Israel
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Tamar Halaly-Basha
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Department of Fruit Tree Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, 7528809, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Chuanlin Zheng
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Department of Fruit Tree Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, 7528809, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Mira Weissberg
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Department of Fruit Tree Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, 7528809, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Ron Ophir
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Department of Fruit Tree Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, 7528809, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - David W Galbraith
- School of Plant Sciences and Bio5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Xuequn Pang
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Etti Or
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Department of Fruit Tree Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, 7528809, Rishon LeZion, Israel.
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123
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Pretreatment with NaCl Promotes the Seed Germination of White Clover by Affecting Endogenous Phytohormones, Metabolic Regulation, and Dehydrin-Encoded Genes Expression under Water Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113570. [PMID: 30424572 PMCID: PMC6274820 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to examine the effects of NaCl pretreatment on the seed germination of white clover (Trifolium repens cv. Ladino) under water stress induced by 19% polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000. Lower concentrations of NaCl (0.5, 1, and 2.5 mM) pretreatment significantly alleviated stress-induced decreases in germination percentage, germination vigor, germination index, and radicle length of seedlings after seven days of germination under water stress. The soaking with 1 mM of NaCl exhibited most the pronounced effects on improving seed germination and alleviating stress damage. NaCl-induced seeds germination and growth could be associated with the increases in endogenous gibberellic acid (GA) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) levels through activating amylases leading to improved amylolysis under water stress. Seedlings pretreated with NaCl had a significantly lower osmotic potential than untreated seedlings during seed germination, which could be related to significantly higher soluble sugars and free proline content in NaCl-treated seedlings under water stress. For antioxidant metabolism, NaCl pretreatment mainly improved superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, and glutathione reductase activities, transcript levels of FeSOD, APX, and DHAR, and the content of ascorbic acid, reduced glutathione, and oxidized glutathione during seed germination under water stress. The results indicated that seeds soaking with NaCl could remarkably enhance antioxidant metabolism, thereby decreasing the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and membrane lipid peroxidation during germination under water stress. In addition, NaCl-upregulated dehydrin-encoded genes SK2 expression could be another important mechanism of drought tolerance during seeds germination of white clover in response to water stress.
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Yakir E, Zhangjun F, Sela N, Xu Y, Singh V, Dagar A, Joshi JR, Müller M, Munné-Bosch S, Giovannoni JJ, Vrebalov J, Friedman H. MaMADS2 repression in banana fruits modifies hormone synthesis and signalling pathways prior to climacteric stage. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 18:267. [PMID: 30400866 PMCID: PMC6219179 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1480-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While the role of ethylene in fruit ripening has been widely studied, the contributions of additional plant hormones are less clear. Here we examined the interactions between the transcription factor MaMADS2-box which plays a major role in banana fruit ripening and hormonal regulation. Specifically, we used MaMADS2 repressed lines in transcriptome and hormonal analyses throughout ripening and assessed hormone and gene expression perturbations as compared to wild-type (WT) control fruit. RESULTS Our analyses revealed major differences in hormones levels and in expression of hormone synthesis and signaling genes mediated by MaMADS2 especially in preclimacteric pulp. Genes encoding ethylene biosynthesis enzymes had lower expression in the pulp of the repressed lines, consistent with reduced ethylene production. Generally, the expression of other hormone (auxin, gibberellins, abscisic acid, jasmonic acid and salicylic acid) response pathway genes were down regulated in the WT pulp prior to ripening, but remained high in MaMADS2 repressed lines. Hormone levels of abscisic acid were also higher, however, active gibberellin levels were lower and auxin levels were similar with MaMADS2 repression as compared to WT. Although abscisic level was higher in MaMADS2 repression, exogenous abscisic acid shortened the time to ethylene production and increased MaMADS2 mRNA accumulation in WT. Exogenous ethylene did not influence abscisic acid level. CRE - a cytokinin receptor, increased its expression during maturation in WT and was lower especially at prebreaker in the repressed line and zeatin level was lower at mature green of the repressed line in comparison to WT. CONCLUSIONS In addition to previously reported effects of MaMADS2 on ethylene, this transcription factor also influences other plant hormones, particularly at the pre-climacteric stage. The cytokinin pathway may play a previously unanticipated role via MaMADS2 in banana ripening. Finally, abscisic acid enhances MaMADS2 expression to promote ripening, but the transcription factor in turn auto inhibits ABA synthesis and signaling. Together, these results demonstrate a complex interaction of plant hormones and banana fruit ripening mediated by MaMADS2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Yakir
- Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Center, P.O. Box 6, 50250 Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Fei Zhangjun
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research and USDA-ARS Robert W. Holley Center, Tower Road, Cornell Campus, Ithaca, NY USA
| | - Noa Sela
- Plant Pathology and Weed Research, ARO, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Yimin Xu
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research and USDA-ARS Robert W. Holley Center, Tower Road, Cornell Campus, Ithaca, NY USA
| | - Vikram Singh
- Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Center, P.O. Box 6, 50250 Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Anurag Dagar
- Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Center, P.O. Box 6, 50250 Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Janak Raj Joshi
- Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Center, P.O. Box 6, 50250 Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Maren Müller
- Departament de Biologia Vegetal, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal, 645, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Munné-Bosch
- Departament de Biologia Vegetal, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal, 645, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - James J. Giovannoni
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research and USDA-ARS Robert W. Holley Center, Tower Road, Cornell Campus, Ithaca, NY USA
| | - Julia Vrebalov
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research and USDA-ARS Robert W. Holley Center, Tower Road, Cornell Campus, Ithaca, NY USA
| | - Haya Friedman
- Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Center, P.O. Box 6, 50250 Bet Dagan, Israel
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125
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Zhang Y, Li Z, Li YP, Zhang XQ, Ma X, Huang LK, Yan YH, Peng Y. Chitosan and spermine enhance drought resistance in white clover, associated with changes in endogenous phytohormones and polyamines, and antioxidant metabolism. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2018; 45:1205-1222. [PMID: 32291011 DOI: 10.1071/fp18012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of chitosan and polyamines (PAs) could be involved mitigating drought stress in white clover (Trifolium repens L.). This research aimed to determine the effect of chitosan and PAs, and co-application of chitosan and PAs on improving drought tolerance associated with growth, phytohormones, polyamines and antioxidant metabolism. Plants were pretreated with or without 1gL-1 chitosan, 0.5mM spermine, or 1gL-1 chitosan+0.5mM spermine, then subjected to drought induced by polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000 (-0.5MPa) in growth chambers for 14 days. Exogenous chitosan and spermine improved the level of PAs by regulating arginine decarboxylases, S-adenosyl methionine decarboxylase, copper-containing amine oxidase and polyamine oxidase activity, and expression of the genes encoding these enzymes under drought. Application of exogenous chitosan improved ABA content under normal and drought conditions. In addition, chitosan and spermine significantly enhanced the levels of cytokinin and GA, but reduced IAA levels during drought stress. Exogenous chitosan and spermine improved antioxidant defence, including enzyme activity, gene expression and the content of ascorbate and glutathione compounds, leading to a decline in superoxide anion radicals, H2O2 and malondialdehyde, effectively mitigating drought-induced oxidative damage. Other protective metabolites, such as total phenols and flavonoids, increased considerably under application of chitosan and spermine. These results suggest that chitosan-induced drought tolerance could be involved in PA metabolism, changes in endogenous phytohormones and antioxidant defence in white clover. Co-application of chitosan and spermine was more effective than either chitosan or spermine alone in mitigating drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhou Li
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Ya-Ping Li
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xin-Quan Zhang
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lin-Kai Huang
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yan-Hong Yan
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yan Peng
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
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126
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Silva NCQ, de Souza GA, Pimenta TM, Brito FAL, Picoli EAT, Zsögön A, Ribeiro DM. Salt stress inhibits germination of Stylosanthes humilis seeds through abscisic acid accumulation and associated changes in ethylene production. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2018; 130:399-407. [PMID: 30064096 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
In Stylosanthes humilis, salt stress tolerance is associated with ethylene production by the seeds, however, how salt stress controls seed germination and ethylene production is poorly understood. Here, we studied the hormonal and metabolic changes triggered by salt stress on germination of S. humilis seeds. Salt stress led to decreased seed germination and ethylene production, concomitantly with higher abscisic acid (ABA) production by seeds. Treatment with NaCl and ABA promoted distinct changes in energy metabolism, allowing seeds to adapt to salt stress conditions. Treatment with the ABA biosynthesis inhibitor fluridone or ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) reversed the effects of salt stress on seed germination and ethylene production. Moreover, ethylene concentration was decreased by increasing the pH of the salt solution. High pH, however, did not influence concentration of ABA in seeds under salt stress. We conclude that biosynthesis of ABA and ethylene in response to salt stress constitutes a point of convergence that provides flexibility to regulate energy metabolism and embryo growth potential of S. humilis seeds within a given pH condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilo C Q Silva
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Genaina A de Souza
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Thaline M Pimenta
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Fred A L Brito
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Edgard A T Picoli
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Agustín Zsögön
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Dimas M Ribeiro
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
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Souza Dias D, Monteiro Ribeiro L, Sérgio Nascimento Lopes P, Aclécio Melo G, Müller M, Munné-Bosch S. Haustorium-endosperm relationships and the integration between developmental pathways during reserve mobilization in Butia capitata (Arecaceae) seeds. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2018; 122:267-277. [PMID: 29788057 PMCID: PMC6070076 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcy065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Background and Aims Palm seeds are interesting models for studying seed reserve mobilization at the tissue level due to the abundance and complexity of reserves stored in their living endosperm cells and the development of a highly specialized haustorium. We studied structural and physiological aspects of the initial phases of reserve mobilization in seeds of a neotropical palm, Butia capitata, and sought to characterize the interactions between the different developmental pathways of the haustorium and endosperm. Methods Morphological and histochemical evaluations of the haustorium, the endosperm adjacent to the embryo, and the peripheral endosperm of dry, imbibed, dormant seeds and seeds geminating for 2, 5 and 10 d were performed. Biochemical analyses included determinations of endo-β-mannanase activity, hormonal profiling (20 hormones belonging to eight classes) and H2O2 quantification in various tissues. Key Results The mobilization of haustorium reserves was associated with germination and involved distinct hormonal alterations in the endosperm related to H2O2 production. The mobilization of endosperm reserves occurred as a post-germination event controlled by the seedling and involved major structural changes in the haustorium, including growth (which increased contact with, and pressure on, the endosperm) and the formation of an aerenchyma (thus facilitating O2 diffusion). The flow of O2 to the endosperm and changes in endogenous contents of H2O2 and hormones (cytokinins, auxins, brassinosteroids and ethylene) induced the establishment of an endosperm digestion zone and the translocation of reserves to the haustorium. Conclusions The haustorium-endosperm relationship during reserve mobilization plays a pivotal role in signal integration between growth and degradation pathways in germinating seeds of Butia capitata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiane Souza Dias
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil
| | | | | | - Geraldo Aclécio Melo
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros-MG, Brazil
| | - Maren Müller
- Departament de Biologia Vegetal, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Munné-Bosch
- Departament de Biologia Vegetal, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal, Barcelona, Spain
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128
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Li Z, Li Y, Zhang Y, Cheng B, Peng Y, Zhang X, Ma X, Huang L, Yan Y. Indole-3-acetic acid modulates phytohormones and polyamines metabolism associated with the tolerance to water stress in white clover. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2018; 129:251-263. [PMID: 29906775 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Endogenous hormones and polyamines (PAs) could interact to regulate growth and tolerance to water stress in white clover. The objective of this study was to investigate whether the alteration of endogenous indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) level affected other hormones level and PAs metabolism contributing to the regulation of tolerance to water stress in white clover. Plants were pretreated with IAA or L-2-aminooxy-3-phenylpropionic acid (L-AOPP, the inhibitor of IAA biosynthesis) for 3 days and then subjected to water-sufficient condition and water stress induced by 15% polyethylene glycol 6000 for 8 days in growth chambers. Exogenous application of IAA significantly increased endogenous IAA, gibberellin (GA), abscisic acid (ABA), and polyamine (PAs) levels, but had no effect on cytokinin content under water stress. The increase in endogenous IAA level enhanced PAs anabolism via the improvement of enzyme activities and transcript level of genes including arginine decarboxylase, ornithine decarboxylase, and S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase. Exogenous application of IAA also affected PAs catabolism, as manifested by an increase in diamine oxidase and a decrease in polyamine oxidase activities and genes expression. More importantly, the IAA deficiency in white clover decreased endogenous hormone levels (GA, ABA, and PAs) and PAs anabolism along with decline in antioxidant defense and osmotic adjustment (OA). On the contrary, exogenous IAA effectively alleviated stress-induced oxidative damage, growth inhibition, water deficit, and leaf senescence through the maintenance of higher chlorophyll content, OA, and antioxidant defense as well as lower transcript levels of senescence marker genes SAG101 and SAG102 in leaves under water stress. These results indicate that IAA-induced the crosstalk between endogenous hormones and PAs could be involved in the improvement of antioxidant defense and OA conferring tolerance to water stress in white clover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Li
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yaping Li
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Institute of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Bizhen Cheng
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yan Peng
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Xinquan Zhang
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Linkai Huang
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yanhong Yan
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
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129
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Munné-Bosch S, Simancas B, Müller M. Ethylene signaling cross-talk with other hormones in Arabidopsis thaliana exposed to contrasting phosphate availability: Differential effects in roots, leaves and fruits. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 226:114-122. [PMID: 29758376 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2018.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Ethylene signaling plays a major role in the regulation of plant growth, but its cross-talk with other phytohormones is still poorly understood. Here, we investigated whether or not a defect in ethylene signaling, particularly in the ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE3 (EIN3) transcription factor, alters plant growth and influences the contents of other phytohormones. With this aim, a hormonal profiling approach using ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) was used to unravel organ-specific responses (in roots, leaves and fruits) in the ein3-1 mutant and wild-type A. thaliana plants exposed to contrasting phosphate (Pi) availability. A defect in ethylene signaling in the ein3-1 mutant increased the biomass of roots, leaves and fruits, both at 0.5 mM and 1 mM Pi, thus indicating the growth-inhibitory role of ethylene in all tested organs. The hormonal profiling in roots revealed a cross-talk between ethylene signaling and other phytohormones, as indicated by increases in the contents of auxin, gibberellins and the stress-related hormones, abscisic acid, salicylic acid and jasmonic acid. The ein3-1 mutant also showed increased cytokinin contents in leaves. Reduced Pi availability (from 1 mM to 0.5 mM Pi) affected fruit growth, but not root and leaf growth, thus indicating mild Pi deficiency. It is concluded that ethylene signaling plays a major role in the modulation of plant growth in A. thaliana and that the ein3-1 mutant is not only altered in ethylene signaling but in the contents of several phytohormones in an organ-specific manner, thus indicating a hormonal cross-talk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergi Munné-Bosch
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Bárbara Simancas
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maren Müller
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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130
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Muñoz P, Briones M, Munné-Bosch S. Photoinhibition and photoprotection during flower opening in lilies. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 272:220-229. [PMID: 29807595 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Although most studies to extend vase life in cut flowers have focused on flower senescence thus far, flower opening is a complex process of major biological significance in the determination of flower commercialization. In order to better understand flower opening, this study evaluated to what extent photoinhibition and photo-oxidative stress are associated with tepal de-greening during flower opening in lilies (Lilium "Litouwen"). We estimated the degree of photoinhibition, the capacity for photo- and antioxidant protection, and the extent of lipid peroxidation at four flower opening stages, from closed flowers to anthesis. Additionally, we evaluated to what extent and by which mechanisms related to photo- and antioxidant protection, Promalin® (a combination of gibberellins and cytokinins) delays flower opening. Results showed that chlorophyll content decreased progressively during flower opening, while a sharp decrease of the maximum PSII efficiency (Fv/Fm ratio) was observed just before anthesis. Moreover, content of secondary lipid peroxidation products (malondialdehyde and jasmonic acid) increased just before anthesis, which was preceded by an enhanced production of primary lipid peroxidation products (lipid hydroperoxides). While both tocopherols and tocotrienols (vitamin E) increased during flower opening, β-carotene and xanthophyll content decreased sharply, which may be associated with the sharp decline in the Fv/Fm ratio before anthesis. Flowers treated with Promalin®, which showed delayed opening, experienced transient increases of lipid hydroperoxide and jasmonic acid contents at early stages of flower opening, together with reduced vitamin E and malondialdehyde contents just prior to anthesis. We conclude that the extent of photoinhibition, the capacity of photo- and antioxidant protection and the production of primary and secondary products of lipid peroxidation are finely controlled in a time-dependent manner to allow a correct development of lily flowers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Muñoz
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Míriam Briones
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Munné-Bosch
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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131
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Cela J, Tweed JKS, Sivakumaran A, Lee MRF, Mur LAJ, Munné-Bosch S. An altered tocopherol composition in chloroplasts reduces plant resistance to Botrytis cinerea. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2018; 127:200-210. [PMID: 29609176 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Tocopherols are lipid-soluble antioxidants that contribute to plant resistance to abiotic stresses. However, it is still unknown to what extent alterations in tocopherol composition can affect the plant response to biotic stresses. The response to bacterial and fungal attack of the vte1 mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana, which lacks both α- and γ-tocopherol, was compared to that of the vte4 mutant (which lacks α- but accumulates γ-tocopherol) and the wild type (with accumulates α-tocopherol in leaves). Both mutants exhibited similar kinetics of cell death and resistance in response to Pseudomonas syringae. In contrast, both mutants exhibited delayed resistance when infected with Botrytis cinerea. Lipid and hormonal profiling was employed with the aim of assessing the underlying cause of this differential phenotype. Although an altered tocopherol composition in both mutants strongly influenced fatty acid composition, and strongly altered jasmonic acid and cytokinin contents upon infection with B. cinerea, differences between genotypes in these phytohormones were observed during late stages of infection only. By contrast, genotype-related effects on lipid peroxidation, as indicated by malondialdehyde accumulation, were observed early upon infection with B. cinerea. We conclude that an altered tocopherol composition in chloroplasts may negatively influence the plant response to biotic stress in Arabidopsis thaliana through changes in the membrane fatty acid composition, enhanced lipid peroxidation and delayed defence activation when challenged with B. cinerea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Cela
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal, 643, E-08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - John K S Tweed
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Gogerddan Campus, Aberystwyth, SY23 3EB, UK
| | - Anushen Sivakumaran
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Penglais Campus, Aberystwyth, SY23 3DA, UK
| | - Michael R F Lee
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Gogerddan Campus, Aberystwyth, SY23 3EB, UK
| | - Luis A J Mur
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Penglais Campus, Aberystwyth, SY23 3DA, UK
| | - Sergi Munné-Bosch
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal, 643, E-08028, Barcelona, Spain.
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132
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Šimura J, Antoniadi I, Široká J, Tarkowská D, Strnad M, Ljung K, Novák O. Plant Hormonomics: Multiple Phytohormone Profiling by Targeted Metabolomics. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 177:476-489. [PMID: 29703867 PMCID: PMC6001343 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.00293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Phytohormones are physiologically important small molecules that play essential roles in intricate signaling networks that regulate diverse processes in plants. We present a method for the simultaneous targeted profiling of 101 phytohormone-related analytes from minute amounts of fresh plant material (less than 20 mg). Rapid and nonselective extraction, fast one-step sample purification, and extremely sensitive ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry enable concurrent quantification of the main phytohormone classes: cytokinins, auxins, brassinosteroids, gibberellins, jasmonates, salicylates, and abscisates. We validated this hormonomic approach in salt-stressed and control Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seedlings, quantifying a total of 43 endogenous compounds in both root and shoot samples. Subsequent multivariate statistical data processing and cross-validation with transcriptomic data highlighted the main hormone metabolites involved in plant adaptation to salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Šimura
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, and Faculty of Science, Palacký University, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ioanna Antoniadi
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-90183 Umea, Sweden
| | - Jitka Široká
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, and Faculty of Science, Palacký University, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Danuše Tarkowská
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, and Faculty of Science, Palacký University, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Strnad
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, and Faculty of Science, Palacký University, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Karin Ljung
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-90183 Umea, Sweden
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, and Faculty of Science, Palacký University, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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133
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Xiao HM, Cai WJ, Ye TT, Ding J, Feng YQ. Spatio-temporal profiling of abscisic acid, indoleacetic acid and jasmonic acid in single rice seed during seed germination. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1031:119-127. [PMID: 30119729 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.05.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA), indoleacetic acid (IAA) and jasmonic acid (JA) are plant hormones that were reported to play indispensable roles during seed germination. However, the interactions between these plant hormones during rice seed germination have still not been explored clearly. A sensitive method for determination of these plant hormones would be beneficial for the exploration of such interactions. Herein, we present a liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC-MS) method for the quantification of ABA, IAA and JA in a single tissue of rice seed to investigate the spatio-temporal distribution of these plant hormones during rice seed germination. To this end, an in silico strategy was developed in order to select a derivatization reagent with an ideal sensitivity of MS detection. This strategy was confirmed with experimental studies on three reagents N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N'-ethylcarbodiimide (EDC), N,N-dimethylethylenediamine (DMED), and N-(acridin-9-yl)-2-bromoacetamide (AYBA) and their formic acid derivatives. Our results from the in silico and LC-MS experiments show that AYBA is a good derivatization reagent for ABA, IAA and JA due to its reasonable ionization efficiency in electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and excellent hydrophobicity. Finally, a sensitive LC-MS method upon AYBA was established for the determination of ABA, IAA and JA in germinated seeds. Good linearities for ABA, IAA, and JA were obtained with correlation coefficients greater than 0.99. The limits of detection (LODs) were in the range of 0.14-0.16 pg mL-1. The method exhibits good precisions with RSD 1.5%-13.8% (intra-day) and 1.2%-7.3% (inter-day) and acceptable recoveries (88.6%-102.9%, n = 6). Finally, the method was successfully employed in the spatio-temporal profiling of ABA, IAA and JA in a single tissue of rice seed during rice seed germination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Ming Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Wen-Jing Cai
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Tian-Tian Ye
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Jun Ding
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yu-Qi Feng
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
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134
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Macho-Rivero MA, Herrera-Rodríguez MB, Brejcha R, Schäffner AR, Tanaka N, Fujiwara T, González-Fontes A, Camacho-Cristóbal JJ. Boron Toxicity Reduces Water Transport from Root to Shoot in Arabidopsis Plants. Evidence for a Reduced Transpiration Rate and Expression of Major PIP Aquaporin Genes. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 59:836-844. [PMID: 29415257 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcy026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Toxic boron (B) concentrations cause impairments in several plant metabolic and physiological processes. Recently we reported that B toxicity led to a decrease in the transpiration rate of Arabidopsis plants in an ABA-dependent process within 24 h, which could indicate the occurrence of an adjustment of whole-plant water relations in response to this stress. Since plasma membrane intrinsic protein (PIP) aquaporins are key components influencing the water balance of plants because of their involvement in root water uptake and tissue hydraulic conductance, the aim of the present work was to study the effects of B toxicity on these important parameters affecting plant water status over a longer period of time. For this purpose, transpiration rate, water transport to the shoot and transcript levels of genes encoding four major PIP aquaporins were measured in Arabidopsis plants treated or not with a toxic B concentration. Our results indicate that, during the first 24 h of B toxicity, increased shoot ABA content would play a key role in reducing stomatal conductance, transpiration rate and, consequently, the water transport to the shoot. These physiological responses to B toxicity were maintained for up to 48 h of B toxicity despite shoot ABA content returning to control levels. In addition, B toxicity also caused the down-regulation of several genes encoding root and shoot aquaporins, which could reduce the cell to cell movement of water in plant tissues and, consequently, the water flux to shoot. All these changes in the water balance of plants under B toxicity could be a mechanism to prevent excess B accumulation in plant tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Macho-Rivero
- Departamento de Fisiología, Anatomía y Biología Celular, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla 41013, Spain
| | - M Begoña Herrera-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Anatomía y Biología Celular, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla 41013, Spain
| | - Ramona Brejcha
- Institute of Groundwater Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Anton R Schäffner
- Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Nobuhiro Tanaka
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8657 Japan
| | - Toru Fujiwara
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8657 Japan
| | - Agustín González-Fontes
- Departamento de Fisiología, Anatomía y Biología Celular, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla 41013, Spain
| | - Juan J Camacho-Cristóbal
- Departamento de Fisiología, Anatomía y Biología Celular, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla 41013, Spain
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135
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Rozpądek P, Domka AM, Nosek M, Ważny R, Jędrzejczyk RJ, Wiciarz M, Turnau K. The Role of Strigolactone in the Cross-Talk Between Arabidopsis thaliana and the Endophytic Fungus Mucor sp. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:441. [PMID: 29615990 PMCID: PMC5867299 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last years the role of fungal endophytes in plant biology has been extensively studied. A number of species were shown to positively affect plant growth and fitness, thus attempts have been made to utilize these microorganisms in agriculture and phytoremediation. Plant-fungi symbiosis requires multiple metabolic adjustments of both of the interacting organisms. The mechanisms of these adaptations are mostly unknown, however, plant hormones seem to play a central role in this process. The plant hormone strigolactone (SL) was previously shown to activate hyphae branching of mycorrhizal fungi and to negatively affect pathogenic fungi growth. Its role in the plant-endophytic fungi interaction is unknown. The effect of the synthetic SL analog GR24 on the endophytic fungi Mucor sp. growth, respiration, H2O2 production and the activity of antioxidant enzymes was evaluated. We found fungi colony growth rate was decreased in a GR24 concentration dependent manner. Additionally, the fungi accumulated more H2O2 what was accompanied by an altered activity of antioxidant enzymes. Symbiosis with Mucor sp. positively affected Arabidopsis thaliana growth, but SL was necessary for the establishment of the beneficial interaction. A. thaliana biosynthesis mutants max1 and max4, but not the SL signaling mutant max2 did not develop the beneficial phenotype. The negative growth response was correlated with alterations in SA homeostasis and a significant upregulation of genes encoding selected plant defensins. The fungi were also shown to be able to decompose SL in planta and to downregulate the expression of SL biosynthesis genes. Additionally, we have shown that GR24 treatment with a dose of 1 μM activates the production of SA in A. thaliana. The results presented here provide evidence for a role of SL in the plant-endophyte cross-talk during the mutualistic interaction between Arabidopsis thaliana and Mucor sp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Rozpądek
- Małopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Agnieszka M. Domka
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Michał Nosek
- Institute of Biology, Pedagogical University of Kraków, Kraków, Poland
| | - Rafał Ważny
- Małopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Monika Wiciarz
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Turnau
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
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136
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Borah P, Khurana JP. The OsFBK1 E3 Ligase Subunit Affects Anther and Root Secondary Cell Wall Thickenings by Mediating Turnover of a Cinnamoyl-CoA Reductase. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 176:2148-2165. [PMID: 29295941 PMCID: PMC5841686 DOI: 10.1104/pp.17.01733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Regulated proteolysis by the ubiquitin-26S proteasome system challenges transcription and phosphorylation in magnitude and is one of the most important regulatory mechanisms in plants. This article describes the characterization of a rice (Oryza sativa) auxin-responsive Kelch-domain-containing F-box protein, OsFBK1, found to be a component of an SCF E3 ligase by interaction studies in yeast. Rice transgenics of OsFBK1 displayed variations in anther and root secondary cell wall content; it could be corroborated by electron/confocal microscopy and lignification studies, with no apparent changes in auxin content/signaling pathway. The presence of U-shaped secondary wall thickenings (or lignin) in the anthers were remarkably less pronounced in plants overexpressing OsFBK1 as compared to wild-type and knockdown transgenics. The roots of the transgenics also displayed differential accumulation of lignin. Yeast two-hybrid anther library screening identified an OsCCR that is a homolog of the well-studied Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) IRX4; OsFBK1-OsCCR interaction was confirmed by fluorescence and immunoprecipitation studies. Degradation of OsCCR mediated by SCFOsFBK1 and the 26S proteasome pathway was validated by cell-free experiments in the absence of auxin, indicating that the phenotype observed is due to the direct interaction between OsFBK1 and OsCCR. Interestingly, the OsCCR knockdown transgenics also displayed a decrease in root and anther lignin depositions, suggesting that OsFBK1 plays a role in the development of rice anthers and roots by regulating the cellular levels of a key enzyme controlling lignification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratikshya Borah
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Plant Genomics and Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Jitendra P Khurana
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Plant Genomics and Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India
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137
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Miret JA, Munné‐Bosch S, Dijkwel PP. ABA signalling manipulation suppresses senescence of a leafy vegetable stored at room temperature. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2018; 16:530-544. [PMID: 28703416 PMCID: PMC5787841 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Postharvest senescence and associated stresses limit the shelf life and nutritional value of vegetables. Improved understanding of these processes creates options for better management. After harvest, controlled exposure to abiotic stresses and/or exogenous phytohormones can enhance nutraceutical, organoleptic and commercial longevity traits. With leaf senescence, abscisic acid (ABA) contents progressively rise, but the actual biological functions of this hormone through senescence still need to be clarified. Postharvest senescence of detached green cabbage leaves (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) was characterized under cold (4 °C) and room temperature (25 °C) storage conditions. Hormonal profiling of regions of the leaf blade (apical, medial, basal) revealed a decrease in cytokinins contents during the first days under both conditions, while ABA only increased at 25 °C. Treatments with ABA and a partial agonist of ABA (pyrabactin) for 8 days did not lead to significant effects on water and pigment contents, but increased cell integrity and altered 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) and cytokinins contents. Transcriptome analysis showed transcriptional regulation of ABA, cytokinin and ethylene metabolism and signalling; proteasome components; senescence regulation; protection of chloroplast functionality and cell homeostasis; and suppression of defence responses (including glucosinolates and phenylpropanoids metabolism). It is concluded that increasing the concentration of ABA (or its partial agonist pyrabactin) from the start of postharvest suppresses senescence of stored leaves, changes the transcriptional regulation of glucosinolates metabolism and down-regulates biotic stress defence mechanisms. These results suggest a potential for manipulating ABA signalling for improving postharvest quality of leafy vegetables stored at ambient temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier A. Miret
- Department of Evolutionary BiologyEcology and Environmental SciencesPlant Physiology Section, Faculty of BiologyBarcelona UniversityBarcelonaSpain
| | - Sergi Munné‐Bosch
- Department of Evolutionary BiologyEcology and Environmental SciencesPlant Physiology Section, Faculty of BiologyBarcelona UniversityBarcelonaSpain
| | - Paul P. Dijkwel
- Institute of Fundamental SciencesMassey UniversityPalmerston NorthNew Zealand
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138
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Haider MS, Kurjogi MM, Khalil-Ur-Rehman M, Fiaz M, Pervaiz T, Jiu S, Haifeng J, Chen W, Fang J. Grapevine immune signaling network in response to drought stress as revealed by transcriptomic analysis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2017; 121:187-195. [PMID: 29127881 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2017.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Drought is a ubiquitous abiotic factor that severely impedes growth and development of horticulture crops. The challenge postured by global climate change is the evolution of drought-tolerant cultivars that could cope with concurrent stress. Hence, in this study, biochemical, physiological and transcriptome analysis were investigated in drought-treated grapevine leaves. The results revealed that photosynthetic activity and reducing sugars were significantly diminished which were positively correlated with low stomatal conductance and CO2 exchange in drought-stressed leaves. Further, the activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase were significantly actuated in the drought-responsive grapevine leaves. Similarly, the levels of abscisic acid and jasmonic acid were also significantly increased in the drought-stressed leaves. In transcriptome analysis, 12,451 differentially-expressed genes (DEGs) were annotated, out of which 8021 DEGs were up-regulated and 4430 DEGs were down-regulated in response to drought stress. In addition, the genes encoding pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) triggered immunity (PTI), including calcium signals, protein phosphatase 2C, calcineurin B-like proteins, MAPKs, and phosphorylation (FLS2 and MEKK1) cascades were up-regulated in response to drought stress. Several genes related to plant-pathogen interaction pathway (RPM1, PBS1, RPS5, RIN4, MIN7, PR1, and WRKYs) were also found up-regulated in response to drought stress. Overall the results of present study showed the dynamic interaction of DEG in grapevine physiology which provides the premise for selection of defense-related genes against drought stress for subsequent grapevine breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad S Haider
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Fruit Development, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Tongwei Road 6, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Mahantesh M Kurjogi
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Fruit Development, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Tongwei Road 6, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - M Khalil-Ur-Rehman
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Fruit Development, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Tongwei Road 6, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Muhammad Fiaz
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Fruit Development, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Tongwei Road 6, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Tariq Pervaiz
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Fruit Development, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Tongwei Road 6, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Songtao Jiu
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Fruit Development, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Tongwei Road 6, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Jia Haifeng
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Fruit Development, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Tongwei Road 6, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Wang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Fruit Development, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Tongwei Road 6, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Jinggui Fang
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Fruit Development, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Tongwei Road 6, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
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139
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Abid M, Shao Y, Liu S, Wang F, Gao J, Jiang D, Tian Z, Dai T. Pre-drought priming sustains grain development under post-anthesis drought stress by regulating the growth hormones in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). PLANTA 2017; 246:509-524. [PMID: 28526982 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-017-2698-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress during grain filling is the most yield-damaging to wheat. Pre-drought priming facilitated the wheat plants to sustain grain development against the post-anthesis drought stress by modulating the levels of growth hormones. Post-anthesis drought stress substantially reduces grain yield in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) due to impaired grain development associated with imbalanced levels of growth hormones. To investigate whether pre-drought priming could sustain grain development in wheat by regulating favorable levels of growth hormones under post-anthesis drought conditions, the plants of a drought-sensitive (Yangmai-16) and drought-tolerant (Luhan-7) wheat cultivar were exposed to a moderate drought stress during tillering (Feekes 2 stage) for priming, and then, a subsequent severe drought stress was applied from 7 to 14 days after anthesis. The results showed that drought-stressed plants of both cultivars showed a decline in flag leaf water potential, chlorophyll contents, photosynthetic rate, grain size initiation, and grain filling as compared to well-watered plants; however, decline in these traits was less in pre-drought primed (PD) plants than in nonprimed (ND) plants. Under drought stress, the PD plants regulated higher concentrations of zeatin and zeatin riboside, indole-3-acetic acid, gibberellins, and lower abscisic acid content in grains, resulting in higher endosperm cell division and expansion, grain size initiation, grain-filling rate and duration, and finally higher grain dry weights as compared to ND plants. The PD plants of both cultivars showed higher potential to tolerate the post-anthesis drought stress, but more effect was displayed by drought-tolerant cultivar. From the achieved results, it was concluded that pre-drought priming facilitated the wheat plants to sustain higher grain development and yield against the most yield-damaging post-anthesis drought stress by modulating the levels of growth hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Abid
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Production Management, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Department of Soil and Water Conservation, Soon Valley, Khushab, Punjab, 41000, Pakistan
| | - Yuhang Shao
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Production Management, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Sixi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Production Management, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Production Management, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingwen Gao
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Production Management, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Production Management, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongwei Tian
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Production Management, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingbo Dai
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Production Management, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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140
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Aybeke M. Fusarium Infection Causes Phenolic Accumulations and Hormonal Disorders in Orobanche spp. Indian J Microbiol 2017; 57:416-421. [PMID: 29151642 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-017-0669-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The physiological effects of Fusarium oxysporum on in-root parasitic weed, Orobanche spp. (broomrape) with references to change in plant hormones and secondary plant constituents were investigated. The levels of IAA, GA, ABA and JA in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group, while the level of SA was higher in the experimental group. In secondary metabolic studies, the quantities of various phenols were measured in the two groups and catechin, syringic acid and p-coumaric acid amounts were significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group, unlike gallic acid which have a lower amount. Consequently, in the light of all data, it was concluded that Fusarium oxysporum (1) causes heavy hormonal disorder, (2) triggered only SA-mediated defense and (3) induced intensively accumulation of phenolic substances in orobanche. Fusarium oxysporum causes lethal physiological damage on Orobanche spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Aybeke
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Trakya University, Balkan Campus, 22030 Edirne, Turkey
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141
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Khalil-Ur-Rehman M, Wang W, Xu YS, Haider MS, Li CX, Tao JM. Comparative Study on Reagents Involved in Grape Bud Break and Their Effects on Different Metabolites and Related Gene Expression during Winter. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1340. [PMID: 28824676 PMCID: PMC5543042 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
To elucidate promoting and inhibiting effects of hydrogen cynamide (HC) and abscisic acid (ABA) on quiescence release of grape buds, physiological and molecular approaches were used to explore the mechanisms of quiescence based on metabolic and gene expression analysis. Physiological and molecular mechanisms involved in bud quiescence of grape were studied before and after application of HC, ABA, and ABA-HC. The data showed that ABA inhibited proclamation of quiescence in grape buds and attenuated the influence of HC. Bud quiescence was promoted and regulated by HC and ABA pre-treatment on buds of grape cultivar "Shine Muscat" with 5% HC, 100 μM ABA and combination of ABA-HC (5% HC+100 μM ABA) during quiescence under forcing condition. Exogenous application of ABA elevated superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) related specific activities, while catalase (CAT) activity was increased during initial period of forcing and then decreased. The concentration of plant growth hormones including gibberellins (GA) and indole acetic acid increased by HC application but decreased the ABA contents under forcing condition. ABA increased the fructose content during quiescence under forcing condition while sucrose and total soluble sugars peaked in HC treated buds as compared to control. Genes related to ABA pathway, protein phosphatase 2C (PP2C family) were down regulated in the buds treated with HC, ABA and ABA-HC as compared to control while two genes related to GA pathway (GID1 family), out of which one gene showed down regulation during initial period of forcing while other gene was up regulated in response to HC and ABA-HC treatments as compared to control. Exogenous ABA application up regulated genes related to antioxidant enzymes as compared to control. The gene probable fructose-bisphosphate aldolase 1, chloroplastic-like, was up regulated in response to ABA treatment as compared to control. Analysis of metabolites and related gene expression pattern would provide a comprehensive view of quiescence after HC, ABA, and ABA-HC treatments in grape buds which may helpful for ultimate improvement in table grape production.
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142
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Li D, Guo Z, Liu C, Li J, Xu W, Chen Y. Quantification of near-attomole gibberellins in floral organs dissected from a single Arabidopsis thaliana flower. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 91:547-557. [PMID: 28423470 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
There remains a methodological bottleneck in the quantification of ultra-trace plant hormones in very tiny plant organs at fresh weights below a milligram. The challenge becomes even more serious in the determination of endogenous gibberellins (GAs), which are a class of compounds that are difficult to separate and detect. Herein, a quantification method using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was developed, combined with a derivatization technique in which GAs react with N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N'-ethylcarbodiimide in ethanol. The method was validated as capable of determining GAs in floral organs (about 80-250 μg) - pistil, stamens, petals, sepals and receptacle - which were dissected from only one flower of Arabidopsis thaliana. Substantially different abundance patterns of GAs were measured from the floral organs at floral stages 13, 14 and 15 along the non-13-hydroxylation pathway and the early 13-hydroxylation pathway in plants. This allows sub-flower-level insights into how GAs affect floral development. The method exhibited excellent limit of detection and limit of quantification down to 5.41 and 18.0 attomole, respectively, and offered a fairly wide linear range from 0.01 to 25 femtomole with linear coefficients above 0.9961. The precision of the method was evaluated with relative standard deviations below 10.6% for intra-day and 11.4% for inter-day assays, and recoveries ranged from 64.0% to 107%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Li
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhenpeng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Cuimei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jincheng Li
- Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing, 100141, China
| | - Wenzhong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
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143
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Guérard F, de Bont L, Gakière B, Tcherkez G. Evaluation and application of a targeted SPE-LC-MS method for quantifying plant hormones and phenolics in Arabidopsis. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2017; 44:624-634. [PMID: 32480593 DOI: 10.1071/fp16300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Application of metabolomics techniques to plant physiology is now considerable, and LC-MS is often being used for non-targeted, semi-quantitative analysis of effects caused by mutations or environmental conditions. However, examination of signalling metabolites like hormones require absolute rather than semi-quantitative quantitation, since their effect in planta is strongly dependent upon concentration. Further, plant hormones belong to different chemical classes and thus simultaneous quantitation remains highly challenging. Here we present an LC-MS method that allows the simultaneous absolute quantitation of six hormone families as well as selected phenolics. The technique requires solid phase extraction with a sulfonated cation exchange phase before analysis, and use calibration curves instead of isotopically labelled standards, which are indeed not commercially available for many hormonal molecules. The use of the total signal (including adducts) rather than a single quantifying mass appears to be crucial to avoid quantification errors because the ion distribution between adducts is found to be concentration-dependent. The different hormones considered appear to have contrasted ionisation efficiency due to their physical properties. However, the relatively low variability and the satisfactory response to standard additions show that the technique is accurate and reproducible. It is applied to Arabidopsis plants subjected to water stress, using either the wild-type or lines with altered NAD biosynthesis causing changes in salicylate signalling and phenylpropanoid levels. As expected, analyses show an increase in abscisic acid upon water stress and a consistent modification of phenolic compounds (including salicylate) in mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Guérard
- Plateforme Métabolisme-Métabolome, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay IPS2, CNRS, INRA, Université Paris-Sud, Université d'Evry, Université Paris-Diderot, Université Paris-Saclay, Bâtiment 630, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Linda de Bont
- Plateforme Métabolisme-Métabolome, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay IPS2, CNRS, INRA, Université Paris-Sud, Université d'Evry, Université Paris-Diderot, Université Paris-Saclay, Bâtiment 630, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Bertrand Gakière
- Plateforme Métabolisme-Métabolome, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay IPS2, CNRS, INRA, Université Paris-Sud, Université d'Evry, Université Paris-Diderot, Université Paris-Saclay, Bâtiment 630, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Guillaume Tcherkez
- Research School of Biology, College of Medicine, Biology and Environment, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
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144
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Macho-Rivero MÁ, Camacho-Cristóbal JJ, Herrera-Rodríguez MB, Müller M, Munné-Bosch S, González-Fontes A. Abscisic acid and transpiration rate are involved in the response to boron toxicity in Arabidopsis plants. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2017; 160:21-32. [PMID: 27935108 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Boron (B) is an essential microelement for vascular plant development, but its toxicity is a major problem affecting crop yields in arid and semi-arid areas of the world. In the literature, several genes involved in abscisic acid (ABA) signalling and responses are upregulated in Arabidopsis roots after treatment with excess B. It is known that the AtNCED3 gene, which encodes a crucial enzyme for ABA biosynthesis, plays a key role in the plant response to drought stress. In this study, root AtNCED3 expression and shoot ABA content were rapidly increased in wild-type plants upon B-toxicity treatment. The Arabidopsis ABA-deficient nced3-2 mutant had higher transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and accumulated more B in their shoots than wild-type plants, facts that were associated with the lower levels of ABA in this mutant. However, in wild-type plants, B toxicity caused a significant reduction in stomatal conductance, resulting in a decreased transpiration rate. This response could be a mechanism to limit the transport of excess B from the roots to the leaves under B toxicity. In agreement with the higher transpiration rate of the nced3-2 mutant, this genotype showed an increased leaf B concentration and damage upon exposure to 5 mM B. Under B toxicity, ABA application decreased B accumulation in wild-type and nced3-2 plants. In summary, this work shows that excess B applied to the roots leads to rapid changes in AtNCED3 expression and gas exchange parameters that would contribute to restrain the B entry into the leaves, this effect being mediated by ABA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Ángel Macho-Rivero
- Departamento de Fisiología, Anatomía y Biología Celular, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Juan José Camacho-Cristóbal
- Departamento de Fisiología, Anatomía y Biología Celular, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Maren Müller
- Departament de Biologia Vegetal, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Munné-Bosch
- Departament de Biologia Vegetal, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Agustín González-Fontes
- Departamento de Fisiología, Anatomía y Biología Celular, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013, Sevilla, Spain
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145
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Novák O, Napier R, Ljung K. Zooming In on Plant Hormone Analysis: Tissue- and Cell-Specific Approaches. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 68:323-348. [PMID: 28226234 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-042916-040812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Plant hormones are a group of naturally occurring, low-abundance organic compounds that influence physiological processes in plants. Our knowledge of the distribution profiles of phytohormones in plant organs, tissues, and cells is still incomplete, but advances in mass spectrometry have enabled significant progress in tissue- and cell-type-specific analyses of phytohormones over the last decade. Mass spectrometry is able to simultaneously identify and quantify hormones and their related substances. Biosensors, on the other hand, offer continuous monitoring; can visualize local distributions and real-time quantification; and, in the case of genetically encoded biosensors, are noninvasive. Thus, biosensors offer additional, complementary technologies for determining temporal and spatial changes in phytohormone concentrations. In this review, we focus on recent advances in mass spectrometry-based quantification, describe monitoring systems based on biosensors, and discuss validations of the various methods before looking ahead at future developments for both approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondřej Novák
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden; ,
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany CAS and Faculty of Science of Palacký University, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic;
| | - Richard Napier
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom;
| | - Karin Ljung
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden; ,
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146
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Fleta-Soriano E, Munné-Bosch S. Enhanced plastochromanol-8 accumulation during reiterated drought in maize (Zea mays L.). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2017; 112:283-289. [PMID: 28119116 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2017.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Plastochromanol-8 (PC-8) belongs to the group of tocochromanols, and together with tocopherols and carotenoids, might help protect photosystem II from photoinhibition during environmental stresses. Here, we aimed to unravel the time course evolution of PC-8 together with that of vitamin E compounds, in maize (Zea mays L.) plants exposed to reiterated drought. Measurements were performed in plants grown in a greenhouse subjected to two consecutive cycles of drought-recovery. PC-8 contents, which accounted for more than 25% of tocochromanols in maize leaves, increased progressively in response to reiterated drought stress. PC-8 contents paralleled with those of vitamin E, particularly α-tocopherol. Profiling of the stress-related phytohormones (ABA, jasmonic acid and salicylic acid) was consistent with a role of ABA in the regulation of PC-8 and vitamin E biosynthesis during drought stress. Results also suggest that PC-8 may help tocopherols prevent damage to the photosynthetic apparatus. A better knowledge of the ABA-dependent regulation of PC-8 may help us manipulate the contents of this important antioxidant in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Fleta-Soriano
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Munné-Bosch
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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147
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Vieira BC, Bicalho EM, Munné-Bosch S, Garcia QS. Abscisic acid regulates seed germination of Vellozia species in response to temperature. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2017; 19:211-216. [PMID: 27718313 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between the phytohormones, gibberellin (GA) and abscisic acid (ABA) and light and temperature on seed germination is still not well understood. We aimed to investigate the role of the ABA and GA on seed germination of Vellozia caruncularis, V. intermedia and V. alutacea in response to light/dark conditions on different temperature. Seeds were incubated in GA (GA3 or GA4 ) or ABA and their respective biosynthesis inhibitors (paclobutrazol - PAC, and fluridone - FLU) solutions at two contrasting temperatures (25 and 40 °C). Furthermore, endogenous concentrations of active GAs and those of ABA were measured in seeds of V. intermedia and V. alutacea during imbibition/germination. Exogenous ABA inhibited the germination of Vellozia species under all conditions tested. GA, FLU and FLU + GA3 stimulated germination in the dark at 25 °C (GA4 being more effective than GA3 ). PAC reduced seed germination in V. caruncularis and V. alutacea, but did not affect germination of V. intermedia at 40 °C either under light or dark conditions. During imbibition in the dark, levels of active GAs decreased in the seeds of V. intermedia, but were not altered in those of V. alutacea. Incubation at 40 °C decreased ABA levels during imbibition in both V. caruncularis and V. alutacea. We conclude that the seeds of Vellozia species studied here require light or high temperature to germinate and ABA has a major role in the regulation of Vellozia seed germination in response to light and temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- B C Vieira
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - E M Bicalho
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - S Munné-Bosch
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Q S Garcia
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Song S, Chang J, Ma C, Tan YW. Single-Molecule Fluorescence Methods to Study Plant Hormone Signal Transduction Pathways. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1888. [PMID: 29163610 PMCID: PMC5673658 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Plant-hormone-initiated signaling pathways are extremely vital for plant growth, differentiation, development, and adaptation to environmental stresses. Hormonal perception by receptors induces downstream signal transduction mechanisms that lead to plant responses. However, conventional techniques-such as genetics, biochemistry, and physiology methods-that are applied to elucidate these signaling pathways can only provide qualitative or ensemble-averaged quantitative results, and the intrinsic molecular mechanisms remain unclear. The present study developed novel methodologies based on in vitro single-molecule fluorescence assays to elucidate the complete and detailed mechanisms of plant hormone signal transduction pathways. The proposed methods are based on multicolor total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy and a flow cell model for gas environment control. The methods validate the effectiveness of single-molecule approaches for the extraction of abundant information, including oligomerization, specific gas dependence, and the interaction kinetics of different components.
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149
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Abstract
Plant hormones are for a long time known to act as chemical messengers in the regulation of physiological processes during a plant's life cycle, from germination to senescence. Furthermore, plant hormones simultaneously coordinate physiological responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. To study the hormonal regulation of physiological processes, three main approaches have been used (1) exogenous application of hormones, (2) correlative studies through measurements of endogenous hormone levels, and (3) use of transgenic and/or mutant plants altered in hormone metabolism or signaling. A plant hormone profiling method is useful to unravel cross talk between hormones and help unravel the hormonal regulation of physiological processes in studies using any of the aforementioned approaches. However, hormone profiling is still particularly challenging due to their very low abundance in plant tissues. In this chapter, a sensitive, rapid, and accurate method to quantify all the five "classic" classes of plant hormones plus other plant growth regulators, such as jasmonates, salicylic acid, melatonin, and brassinosteroids is described. The method includes a fast and simple extraction procedure without time consuming steps as purification or derivatization, followed by optimized ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) analysis. This protocol facilitates the high-throughput analysis of hormone profiling and is applicable to different plant tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maren Müller
- Departament de Biologia Vegetal, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal 645, E-08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Munné-Bosch
- Departament de Biologia Vegetal, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal 645, E-08028, Barcelona, Spain.
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150
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Allu AD, Simancas B, Balazadeh S, Munné-Bosch S. Defense-Related Transcriptional Reprogramming in Vitamin E-Deficient Arabidopsis Mutants Exposed to Contrasting Phosphate Availability. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1396. [PMID: 28848594 PMCID: PMC5554346 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin E inhibits the propagation of lipid peroxidation and helps protecting photosystem II from photoinhibition, but little is known about its possible role in plant response to Pi availability. Here, we aimed at examining the effect of vitamin E deficiency in Arabidopsis thaliana vte mutants on phytohormone contents and the expression of transcription factors in plants exposed to contrasting Pi availability. Plants were subjected to two doses of Pi, either unprimed (controls) or previously exposed to low Pi (primed). In the wild type, α-tocopherol contents increased significantly in response to repeated periods of low Pi, which was paralleled by increased growth, indicative of a priming effect. This growth-stimulating effect was, however, abolished in vte mutants. Hormonal profiling revealed significant effects of Pi availability, priming and genotype on the contents of jasmonates and salicylates; remarkably, vte mutants showed enhanced accumulation of both hormones under low Pi. Furthermore, expression profiling of 1,880 transcription factors by qRT-PCR revealed a pronounced effect of priming on the transcript levels of 45 transcription factors mainly associated with growth and stress in wild-type plants in response to low Pi availability; while distinct differences in the transcriptional response were detected in vte mutants. We conclude that α-tocopherol plays a major role in the response of plants to Pi availability not only by protecting plants from photo-oxidative stress, but also by exerting a control over growth- and defense-related transcriptional reprogramming and hormonal modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annapurna D. Allu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of PotsdamPotsdam-Golm, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare PflanzenphysiologiePotsdam, Germany
| | - Bárbara Simancas
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain
| | - Salma Balazadeh
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of PotsdamPotsdam-Golm, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare PflanzenphysiologiePotsdam, Germany
| | - Sergi Munné-Bosch
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain
- *Correspondence: Sergi Munné-Bosch,
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