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Anand C, Hengst K, Gellner R, Englert H. Effects of the healthy lifestyle community program (cohort 1) on stress-eating and weight change after 8 weeks: a controlled study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3486. [PMID: 36859448 PMCID: PMC9977731 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-27063-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress-eating (eating more or more unhealthily in order to accommodate to stress), contributes to the development and maintenance of obesity. The effect of comprehensive weight loss interventions on changes in stress-eating as well as the contributing role of stress-eating on weight reduction has not been examined. The impact of the 8-week intensive phase of the Healthy Lifestyle Community Programme (HLCP, cohort 1) on emotional, external and restrained eating, as expressions of stress-eating was evaluated in a non-randomized controlled trial. Intervention: 14 seminars (twice per week, including practical units), complemented by stress-regulation and cooking workshops and coaching sessions empowering participants to change their behaviour towards a healthy plant-based diet (ad libitum), stress regulation, regular exercise and to focus on social support. Participants were recruited from the general population. In the intervention group, 91 participants (IG; age: 56 ± 10, 77% female) and in the control group, 52 (CG; age: 62 ± 14, 57% female) were enrolled. At baseline, participants of the IG reported higher levels of stress (9.7 ± 5.4 points [P] vs. 7.6 ± 6.2; p < 0.011), and of emotional eating (27.9 ± 9.4 vs. 20.0 ± 7.1; p < 0.001) and external eating (29.1 ± 4.9 vs. 25.5 ± 5.6; p < 0.001) than participants of the CG. Within 8 weeks, in the IG, scores of emotional eating (- 3.5 ± 5.4 P) and external eating significantly decreased (= - 2.0 ± 3.8 P), while restrained eating increased (2.7 ± 5.0 P; p for all < 0.001). Weight change was negatively correlated with change of external eating (R2 = 0.045; CC = - 0.285; p = 0.014), indicating that a greater weight change was associated with a smaller change of external eating. This is the first study to prospectively investigate the role of stress-eating on the weight reduction effect of comprehensive lifestyle interventions. Our data confirm that overweight is associated with EE and external eating and suggest that the HLCP is capable to reduce both, weight and stress-eating.Trial registration: German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS; reference: DRKS00018821; September 18th 2019; retrospectively registered).
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinna Anand
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Muenster (WWU), Muenster, Germany.
- Department of Food, Nutrition, Facilities, University of Applied Sciences Muenster, Corrensstraße 25, 48149, Muenster, Germany.
| | - Karin Hengst
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Muenster (WWU), Muenster, Germany
| | - Reinhold Gellner
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Muenster (WWU), Muenster, Germany
| | - Heike Englert
- Department of Food, Nutrition, Facilities, University of Applied Sciences Muenster, Corrensstraße 25, 48149, Muenster, Germany
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102
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Shi Y, Shi M, Zhao Y, Liu C, Sui L, Zhao Z, Fan X. Relationships Among Smartphone Use, Physical Activity, and Quality of Life in Chinese College Students. Asia Pac J Public Health 2023; 35:145-153. [PMID: 36856201 DOI: 10.1177/10105395231158455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the correlations between smartphone use, physical activity, and quality of life (QOL) among Chinese college students. We enrolled 6323 students who were chosen from three Chinese universities. All participants completed the World Health Organization QOL Scale-Brief, Smartphone Addiction Index, and Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form. Smartphone addiction was negatively related to QOL (β = -1.375, 95% CI [-1.442, -1.306]), whereas physical activity was positively related to QOL (β = .059, 95% CI [0.047, 0.071]). The presence of both smartphone addiction and insufficient physical activity decreased QOL scores when compared with the group with sufficient physical activity and non-smartphone addiction (β = -36.505, 95% CI [-39.046, -33.964]). Physical activity and smartphone use are potentially modifiable risk factors for poor QOL in college students. Thus, interventions to decrease smartphone use and promote physical activity could be beneficial for improving QOL in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Shi
- Department of Physical Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengyao Shi
- Department of Physical Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Department of Physical Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Physical Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Sui
- Department of Physical Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zuhang Zhao
- Department of Physical Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang Fan
- Department of Physical Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Research Centre for Physical Fitness and Health of Children and Adolescents, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
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Clustering of Activity-Related Behaviors in Relation to Self-Reported Causes of Stress among Pre-Adolescents: Results from a National Epidemiological Study. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13030622. [PMID: 36983778 PMCID: PMC10055894 DOI: 10.3390/life13030622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
An epidemiological study was conducted among 1728 10–12-year-old students (55.1% girls) and their parents during 2014–2016 in Greece. This study aimed to identify the dominant clusters of physical activity/sedentariness among preadolescents and investigate their association with self-reported sources of stress. Children’s physical activity levels and sources of stress were evaluated using validated questionnaires that assessed daily hours of activities, both on weekdays and on weekends, including physical activity, screen-based sedentary time, and non-screen-based sedentary time. The k-means algorithm of cluster analysis was applied. Three clusters of children’s physical activity/sedentariness were revealed. Cluster 1 was characterized as “Inactive-Non sedentary”, cluster 2 as “Active –Non-screen sedentary”, and cluster 3 as “Inactive-Sedentary”. Parental needs/expectations were associated with physical activity patterns (p = 0.009), i.e., children assigned to the third and second clusters had 36% and 51% lower odds to be stressed due to parental requirements [(OR for cluster 3 = 0.64, 95% CI = 0.41–0.99), (OR for cluster 2 = 0.49, 95% CI = 0.32–0.76)], compared with their first-cluster counterparts. Considering the need to promote physical activity in early life stages, the identification of these complex activity-related patterns along with their significant interaction with parental expectations as a cause of stress could enhance the effectiveness of targeted behavior change interventions among those parent–child dyads most in need.
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Griffiths K, Davies L, Savage C, Shelling M, Dalziel P, Christy E, Thorby R. The Value of Recreational Physical Activity in Aotearoa New Zealand: A Scoping Review of Evidence and Implications for Social Value Measurement. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2906. [PMID: 36833603 PMCID: PMC9958888 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20042906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Internationally, there is rising interest in measuring the value of sport and physical activity to society. A critical step in valuing the sector is first establishing the relationship between engagement in sport and physical activity and the societal outcomes that ensue. This paper summarises the findings of a literature review carried out as part of a larger study on the Social Return on Investment (SROI) of recreational physical activity in Aotearoa New Zealand. The review aimed to synthesise existing evidence on the relationship between recreational physical activity and wellbeing outcomes for all New Zealanders, including tangata whenua (Māori, who are Aotearoa New Zealand's Indigenous population). The methodology took the format of a scoping review and included a series of searches for academic and grey literature, including literature concerning Māori that might have been overlooked in a traditional academic search. The findings are grouped into five outcome areas: physical health; subjective wellbeing; individual development; personal behaviour; and social and community development. The review found some compelling evidence which shows examples of the links between sport and physical activity and outcomes in each of these areas for specific population sub-groups. In particular, for Māori, the findings demonstrate a strong impact on social and community development through building social capital and enhancing cultural identity. However, in all outcome areas, there is mixed quality evidence, a small amount of evidence on which to base definitive conclusions, and limited evidence relating to the monetary value of outcomes. The review concludes that there is a need for further research to strengthen the evidence base for social impact measurement, particularly around the impact of sport and physical activity for indigenous populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerry Griffiths
- Sport Industry Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield S10 2BP, UK
| | - Larissa Davies
- Sport Industry Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield S10 2BP, UK
| | - Catherine Savage
- Ihi Research, 518 Colombo Street, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand
| | | | - Paul Dalziel
- Agribusiness and Economics Research Unit, Lincoln University, P.O. Box 85084, Lincoln 7647, New Zealand
| | - Elizabeth Christy
- Sport Industry Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield S10 2BP, UK
| | - Rebecca Thorby
- Sport New Zealand Ihi Aotearoa, P.O. Box 2251, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
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105
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Voss RV, Kuhns LM, Phillips G, Wang X, Wolf SF, Garofalo R, Reisner S, Beach LB. Physical Inactivity and the Role of Bullying Among Gender Minority Youth Participating in the 2017 and 2019 Youth Risk Behavior Survey. J Adolesc Health 2023; 72:197-206. [PMID: 36369113 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2022.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Evidence from small-scale studies suggests that transgender youth are less physically active than nontransgender youth, putting them at risk for worse health outcomes. This study examined the relationship between gender modality and participation in physical activity, physical education (PE), and sports teams in a multistate sample of high school youth and assessed whether bullying impacted this relationship. METHODS Multiple regression was used to analyze data from the state and local Youth Risk Behavior Survey from 2017 to 2019 to examine the relationship between the gender modality and participation in physical activity, PE, and sports teams. The sample was stratified by sex and adjusted for demographics and in-school and online bullying victimization. RESULTS Transgender participants who reported a male or female sex, respectively, reported lower odds of physical activity (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.46, p < .001; aOR 0.46, p < .001, respectively) but similar odds of PE participation. Female transgender students were less likely to participate in sports (aOR 0.55, p = .007); however, this relationship was not seen in adjusted models. Adjusting for demographics, male transgender students were significantly more likely to participate in sports (aOR 2.1, p = .002). Adjusting for bullying experiences did not significantly change these results. DISCUSSION Transgender youth are less likely to participate in physical activity but participate similarly or more than cisgender peers in PE and sports. Factors other than bullying may limit physical activity among transgender youth, and the Youth Risk Behavior Survey may not capture experiences of trans-specific victimization. Increased inclusion and safety may help increase physical activity and amplify its benefits for transgender students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raina V Voss
- Division of Adolescent Medicine, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Lisa M Kuhns
- Division of Adolescent Medicine, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Gregory Phillips
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Xinzi Wang
- Department of Mental Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sigrid F Wolf
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Robert Garofalo
- Division of Adolescent Medicine, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Sari Reisner
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lauren B Beach
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.
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Grammatikopoulou MG, Gkiouras K, Syrmou V, Vassilakou T, Simopoulou T, Katsiari CG, Goulis DG, Bogdanos DP. Nutritional Aspects of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: An A to Z for Dietitians. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:203. [PMID: 36832332 PMCID: PMC9955348 DOI: 10.3390/children10020203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) represents a chronic, autoimmune, rheumatic musculoskeletal disease with a diagnosis before 16 years of age. Chronic arthritis is a common manifestation in all JIA subtypes. The nature of JIA, in combination to its therapy often results in the development of nutrition-, gastrointestinal (GI)- or metabolic-related issues. The most-common therapy-related nutritional issues involve methotrexate (MTX) and glucocorticosteroids (GCC) adverse events. MTX is a folic acid antagonist, thus supplementation with folic acid in required for improving GI side effects and correcting low serum levels. On the other hand, long-term GCC administration is often associated with hyperglycemia, insulin resistance and growth delay. This relationship is further aggravated when more joints are affected and greater doses of GCC are being administered. Apart from stature, body mass index z-scores are also suboptimal in JIA. Other signs of malnutrition include decreased phase angle and muscle mass, especially among patients with polyarthritis JIA. Evidence also points to the existence of an inverse relationship between disease activity and overweight/obesity. Specific dietary patterns, including the anti-inflammatory diet, might confer improvements in selected JIA outcomes, but the level of available research is yet insufficient to draw safe conclusions. The majority of patients exhibit suboptimal vitamin D status; hence, supplementation is recommended. Collectively, the evidence indicates that, due to the age of onset and the complexity of the disease, along with its pharmacotherapy, children with JIA are prone to the development of several nutritional problems, warranting expert monitoring. Vitamin deficiencies, oral and GI-problems limiting dietary intake, faltering growth, overweight and obesity, physical inactivity, or impaired bone health are among the many nutritional issues in JIA requiring dietitian support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria G. Grammatikopoulou
- Immunonutrition Unit, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University General Hospital of Larissa, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, GR-41110 Larissa, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Gkiouras
- Immunonutrition Unit, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University General Hospital of Larissa, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, GR-41110 Larissa, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Syrmou
- Immunonutrition Unit, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University General Hospital of Larissa, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, GR-41110 Larissa, Greece
| | - Tonia Vassilakou
- Department of Public Health Policy, School of Public Health, University of West Attica, 196 Alexandras Avenue, GR-11521 Athens, Greece
| | - Theodora Simopoulou
- Immunonutrition Unit, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University General Hospital of Larissa, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, GR-41110 Larissa, Greece
| | - Chistina G. Katsiari
- Immunonutrition Unit, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University General Hospital of Larissa, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, GR-41110 Larissa, Greece
| | - Dimitrios G. Goulis
- Unit of Reproductive Endocrinology, 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 76 Agiou Pavlou Str., Pavlos Melas, GR-56429 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios P. Bogdanos
- Immunonutrition Unit, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University General Hospital of Larissa, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, GR-41110 Larissa, Greece
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107
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Weber M, Schmitt KU, Frei A, Puhan MA, Raab AM. Needs assessment in community-dwelling older adults toward digital interventions to promote physical activity: Cross-sectional survey study. Digit Health 2023; 9:20552076231203785. [PMID: 37799500 PMCID: PMC10548814 DOI: 10.1177/20552076231203785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tackling physical inactivity represents a key global public health challenge. Strategies to increase physical activity (PA) are therefore warranted. Despite the rising availability of digital interventions (DIs), which offer tremendous potential for PA promotion, there has been inadequate attention to the special needs of older adults. Objective The aim was to investigate community-dwelling older adults' needs, requirements, and preferences toward DIs to promote PA. Methods The target population of this cross-sectional study was community-dwelling older adults (≥60 years old) within German-speaking Switzerland. Potential respondents were informed about the study and sent a link to a self-developed and self-administered online survey by our cooperating institutions. Results Overall, 922 respondents who completed the online survey were included in the final analysis. The mean age of the sample was 72 years (SD 6.4, range 60-98). The preferred delivery mode of DIs to promote PA was a website (428/922, 46.4%) and 80.3% (740/922) preferred video-based structures. Most respondents expressed the need for personal access, personal goals, personal messages, and a personal contact in case of problems or questions (585/817, 71.6%; 546/811, 67.3%; 536/822, 65.2%; 536/822, 65.2%). Memory training, psychological wellbeing, and nutrition were mainly rated as relevant additional content of DIs to promote PA (690/849, 81.2%; 661/845, 78.2%, 619/849, 72.9%). Conclusion Community-dwelling older adults may be willing to use DIs to promote PA in the long term, but this study identified particular needs and requirements in terms of design, technological realization, delivery mode, support, and individualization/personalization among the sample. Our results can inform future developments of DIs to promote PA specifically tailored to older adults. However, caution is warranted in interpreting the findings due to the sample's high PA and education levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Weber
- Academic-Practice-Partnership between Bern University of Applied Sciences and University Hospital of Bern, School of Health Professions, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Bern, Switzerland
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kai-Uwe Schmitt
- Academic-Practice-Partnership between Bern University of Applied Sciences and University Hospital of Bern, School of Health Professions, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anja Frei
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Milo A Puhan
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anja M Raab
- Academic-Practice-Partnership between Bern University of Applied Sciences and University Hospital of Bern, School of Health Professions, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Bern, Switzerland
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108
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Kolaski K, Romeiser Logan L, Ioannidis JPA. Guidance to best tools and practices for systematic reviews1. J Pediatr Rehabil Med 2023; 16:241-273. [PMID: 37302044 DOI: 10.3233/prm-230019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Data continue to accumulate indicating that many systematic reviews are methodologically flawed, biased, redundant, or uninformative. Some improvements have occurred in recent years based on empirical methods research and standardization of appraisal tools; however, many authors do not routinely or consistently apply these updated methods. In addition, guideline developers, peer reviewers, and journal editors often disregard current methodological standards. Although extensively acknowledged and explored in the methodological literature, most clinicians seem unaware of these issues and may automatically accept evidence syntheses (and clinical practice guidelines based on their conclusions) as trustworthy.A plethora of methods and tools are recommended for the development and evaluation of evidence syntheses. It is important to understand what these are intended to do (and cannot do) and how they can be utilized. Our objective is to distill this sprawling information into a format that is understandable and readily accessible to authors, peer reviewers, and editors. In doing so, we aim to promote appreciation and understanding of the demanding science of evidence synthesis among stakeholders. We focus on well-documented deficiencies in key components of evidence syntheses to elucidate the rationale for current standards. The constructs underlying the tools developed to assess reporting, risk of bias, and methodological quality of evidence syntheses are distinguished from those involved in determining overall certainty of a body of evidence. Another important distinction is made between those tools used by authors to develop their syntheses as opposed to those used to ultimately judge their work.Exemplar methods and research practices are described, complemented by novel pragmatic strategies to improve evidence syntheses. The latter include preferred terminology and a scheme to characterize types of research evidence. We organize best practice resources in a Concise Guide that can be widely adopted and adapted for routine implementation by authors and journals. Appropriate, informed use of these is encouraged, but we caution against their superficial application and emphasize their endorsement does not substitute for in-depth methodological training. By highlighting best practices with their rationale, we hope this guidance will inspire further evolution of methods and tools that can advance the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kat Kolaski
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, Pediatrics, and Neurology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Lynne Romeiser Logan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - John P A Ioannidis
- Departments of Medicine, of Epidemiology and Population Health, of Biomedical Data Science, and of Statistics, and Meta-Research Innovation Center at Stanford (METRICS), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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Runge N, Aina A, May S. Response to the Letter to the Editor-in-Chief Regarding the Paper "The Benefits of Adding Manual Therapy to Exercise Therapy for Improving Pain and Function in Patients with Knee or Hip Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis". J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2023; 53:50-51. [PMID: 36587266 DOI: 10.2519/jospt.2023.0201-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Author response to the JOSPT Letter to the Editor-in-Chief "Leveraging the short-term benefits of manual therapy which includes exercise over exercise therapy alone appears justified for knee osteoarthritis" J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2023;53(1):50-51. doi:10.2519/jospt.2023.0201-R.
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110
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Liangruenrom N, Dumuid D, Pedisic Z. Physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and sleep in the Thai population: A compositional data analysis including 135,824 participants from two national time-use surveys. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0280957. [PMID: 36693050 PMCID: PMC9873167 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the amounts of time spent in physical activity (PA), sedentary behaviour (SB), and sleep in the Thai population, as well as their sociodemographic correlates and changes over time. METHODS We analysed cross-sectional data collected in a population-representative, stratified random sample of 135,824 Thais aged 10 years and over as part of the two most recent Thai National time-use surveys (2009 and 2015). Daily activities reported by the participants were coded using the International Classification of Activities for Time-Use Statistics (ICATUS) and categorised as PA, SB, or sleep. RESULTS In the latest survey, participants spent on average the largest amount of time sleeping (geometric mean [g] = 9.44 h/day; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 9.42, 9.47), followed by PA (g = 8.60 h/day; 95% CI: 8.55, 8.64) and SB (g = 5.96 h/day; 95% CI: 5.93, 6.00). The time spent in PA was higher on weekdays, while the amounts of SB and sleep were higher on weekends (p < 0.05). Males, older age groups, and unemployed people spent less time in PA and more time in SB, compared with other population groups (p < 0.05). We found a relatively large increase in SB (mean difference [d] = 39.64 min/day; 95% CI: 36.18, 42.98) and decrease in PA (d = 54.33 min/day; 95% CI: -58.88, -49.30) over time. These findings were consistent across most sociodemographic groups, with the most concerning shifts from active to sedentary lifestyle found among people with a higher education degree and on weekends. CONCLUSIONS Our findings revealed a shift to a more sedentary lifestyle in the Thai population. Public health interventions should focus on improving time use among males, older age groups, and unemployed people, while preventing the rapid decrease in PA and increase in SB among those with a higher education degree and on weekends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nucharapon Liangruenrom
- Institute for Population and Social Research, Mahidol University, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
- * E-mail:
| | - Dorothea Dumuid
- Allied Health & Human Performance, Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Zeljko Pedisic
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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111
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Ash S, Contento I, Olfert MD, Koch PA. Position of the Society for Nutrition Education and Behavior: Nutrition Educator Competencies for Promoting Healthy Individuals, Communities, and Food Systems: Rationale and Application. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR 2023; 55:3-15. [PMID: 36372661 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2022.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
It is the position of the Society for Nutrition Education and Behavior that to improve the health of individuals, communities, and food systems, it is essential that nutrition educators meet each of 6 content competencies (basic food and nutrition knowledge, nutrition across the life cycle, food science, physical activity, food and nutrition policy, and agricultural production and food systems) and 4 process competencies (behavior and education theory; nutrition education program design, implementation and evaluation; written, oral, and social media communication; and nutrition education research methods). These competencies reflect the breadth of the nutrition education field and are grounded in peer-reviewed research. The rationale and evidence base for these competencies are presented. They are designed for educational institutions to plan curricula and programs; public, private, and nonprofit organizations for training; individuals for professional development; and policymakers and advocates to inform strong, comprehensive nutrition education policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Ash
- Departments of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Isobel Contento
- Department of Health and Behavior Studies, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Melissa D Olfert
- Division of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Human Nutrition and Foods, Davis College of Agriculture, Natural Resources, and Design, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV.
| | - Pamela A Koch
- Department of Health and Behavior Studies, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, NY
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Ellington TD, Henley SJ, Wilson RJ, Senkomago V, Wu M, Benard V, Richardson LC. Cancer survival in the United States 2007-2016: Results from the National Program of Cancer Registries. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0284051. [PMID: 37167241 PMCID: PMC10174513 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer survival has improved for the most common cancers. However, less improvement and lower survival has been observed in some groups perhaps due to differential access to cancer care including prevention, screening, diagnosis, and treatment. METHODS To further understand contemporary relative cancer survival (one- and five- year), we used survival data from CDC's National Program of Cancer Registries (NPCR) for cancers diagnosed during 2007-2016. We examined overall relative cancer survival by sex, race and ethnicity, age, and county-level metropolitan and non-metropolitan status. Relative cancer survival by metropolitan and non-metropolitan status was further examined by sex, race and ethnicity, age, and cancer type. RESULTS Among persons with cancer diagnosed during 2007-2016 the overall one-year and five-year relative survival was 80.6% and 67.4%, respectively. One-year relative survival for persons living in metropolitan counties was 81.1% and 77.8% among persons living in non-metropolitan counties. We found that persons who lived in non-metropolitan counties had lower survival than those who lived in metropolitan counties, and this difference persisted across sex, race and ethnicity, age, and most cancer types. CONCLUSION Further examination of the differences in cancer survival by cancer type or other characteristics might be helpful for identifying potential interventions, such as programs that target screening and early detection or strategies to improve access to high quality cancer treatment and follow-up care, that could improve long-term outcomes. IMPACT This analysis provided a high-level overview of contemporary cancer survival in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor D Ellington
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States of America
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - S Jane Henley
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Reda J Wilson
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Virginia Senkomago
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Manxia Wu
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Vicki Benard
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Lisa C Richardson
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
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Jankauskiene R, Urmanavicius D, Baceviciene M. Association between Motivation in Physical Education and Positive Body Image: Mediating and Moderating Effects of Physical Activity Habits. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:464. [PMID: 36612785 PMCID: PMC9819534 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Concerns about body image might prevent adolescents from participating in physical education (PE) classes and physical activities during leisure-time. In this cross-sectional study, we assessed the relationships between teacher support of autonomy, student motivations for PE, and positive body image, in a sample of Lithuanian adolescents. A total of 715 adolescents (51.89% girls) participated in the study. Ages ranged from 14 to 18 years, with a mean age of 16.00 (SD = 0.79) for girls and 15.99 (SD = 0.75) for boys. The questionnaire consisted of demographic questions, the Learning Climate Questionnaire, the Revised Perceived Locus of Causality in Physical Education Questionnaire, the Body Appreciation Scale-2, the Self-Report Habit Index for Physical Activity (PA), perceived physical fitness (PPF), and Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire. The results showed that teacher support for students' autonomy was associated with higher positive body image. In adolescent girls, autonomous motivation for PE was the mediator between teacher support of autonomy and positive body image. The associations between self-determined motivation in PE and positive body image were mediated by PPF on one hand, and through PA habits and PPF on the other hand of the structural equation model (in girls). PA habits moderated associations between PE motivation and PPF. Associations between PE motivation and PPF were stronger in girls with the lowest PA habits compared to girls with mean PA habits. These results suggest that PE classes are important for promoting students' positive body images. PE teachers are advised to use pedagogical strategies that promote the self-determined motivation of students for PE. Increased self-determined motivation for physical education might be an effective strategy for physical self-perception and positive body image promotion in adolescent girls, especially those with low PA habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasa Jankauskiene
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, 44221 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Danielius Urmanavicius
- Department of Physical and Social Education, Lithuanian Sports University, 44221 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Migle Baceviciene
- Department of Physical and Social Education, Lithuanian Sports University, 44221 Kaunas, Lithuania
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Amiri S, Fathi-Ashtiani M. Exercise Increasing Health-Related Quality of Life in Type 2 Diabetics: A Meta-Analysis. PHYSICAL & OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY IN GERIATRICS 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/02703181.2022.2154883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sohrab Amiri
- Medicine, Quran and Hadith Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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115
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Use of Aromatherapy for Pediatric Surgical Patients. Pain Manag Nurs 2022; 23:703-710. [PMID: 36123297 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmn.2022.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children having surgery experience distress from a myriad of sources. Aromatherapy may present an opportunity to promote a healing environment and decrease distress for children following surgery. AIM Evidence regarding the use of aromatherapy with children is growing. The purpose of this project was to describe our implementation process, subsequent use of and response to aromatherapy for children undergoing surgery. METHODS This quality improvement project and subsequent retrospective chart review included all patients with documentation of aromatherapy use over an 8-month period. Data collection included demographic data, patient diagnosis, location, information about which oils were used, for which indications, and any outcome the nurse was able to observe (e.g., improved, no change, worsening of symptoms). A nurse-led workgroup developed and implemented a process for aromatherapy in a limited scope when discomfort, nausea/vomiting, nervousness, and sleep disturbances were reported . Charts of all patients with documented aromatherapy use were reviewed for indication/reason for use, oil, and patient response. RESULTS Results suggest a successful implementation process. Aromatherapy was used by 191 patients (aged 3-22 years). Upset stomach, discomfort, and nervousness were most frequently reported as leading to aromatherapy use. Lavender and peppermint were the most frequently used oils. Of those patients with documented responses, the majority reported improvement. CONCLUSIONS We were able to successfully implement a new aromatherapy program as an adjunct to care in children undergoing surgery. No adverse events were reported. Documentation is crucial to evaluating any new service.
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116
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Manz K, Krug S. Change in sports activity and walking and cycling for transport since the COVID-19 pandemic - Results of the GEDA 2021 study. JOURNAL OF HEALTH MONITORING 2022; 7:22-35. [PMID: 36654686 PMCID: PMC9838132 DOI: 10.25646/10666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Background Physical activity is a significant health promotion behaviour. COVID-19 pandemic mitigation measures, such as reducing social contact, closing sports facilities and working from home offices, may make it more difficult to engage in regular physical activity. Methods The data collected between July and October 2021 from the nationally representative study German Health Update (GEDA 2021) were used. The activity behaviour is described by the change in the amount of sports activity as well as the amount of physical active transport (walking/cycling) since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. The sample comprises 2,985 participants aged 18 and older. Results A quarter of the population reduced their sports activity compared to before the COVID-19 pandemic, while 12% increased their sports activity and 38% reported no change. In terms of physical active transport, it shows that 15% reduced the amount, 17% increased it and 55% maintained it. Compared to younger adults, older adults were more likely to maintain their activity behaviour rather than reduce or increase it. Conclusion Even before the pandemic, physical inactivity was common among the population. The high proportion of adults who reduced their sports activity during the pandemic underlines the need for effective measures to promote physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Manz
- Robert Koch Institute, Berlin Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring
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117
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Powell JK, Schram B, Lewis J, Hing W. "You have (rotator cuff related) shoulder pain, and to treat it, I recommend exercise." A scoping review of the possible mechanisms underpinning exercise therapy. Musculoskelet Sci Pract 2022; 62:102646. [PMID: 35964499 DOI: 10.1016/j.msksp.2022.102646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise is considered to be both essential and at the forefront of the management of rotator cuff-related shoulder pain (RCRSP). Despite this, many fail to substantially improve with exercise-based treatment. Hence, expanding the current knowledge about the possible mechanisms of exercise for RCRSP is critical. OBJECTIVE To synthesise the range of mechanisms proposed for exercise in people with RCRSP. DESIGN Scoping review METHODS: A systematic search of the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) was conducted from inception to July 3, 2022. Two reviewers conducted the search and screening process and one reviewer extracted the data from each study. Randomised clinical trials using exercise for the management of RCRSP of any duration were included. The PEDro search terms used were "fitness training", "strength training", "stretching, mobilisation, manipulation, massage", "upper arm, shoulder, or shoulder girdle", "pain", and "musculoskeletal". Data were analysed using quantitative and qualitative approaches. RESULTS 626 studies were identified and 110 were included in the review. Thirty-two unique mechanisms of exercise were suggested by clinical trialists, from which 4 themes emerged: 1) neuromuscular 2) tissue factors 3) neuro-endocrine-immune 4) psychological. Neuromuscular mechanisms were proposed most often (n = 156, 77%). Overall, biomedical mechanisms of exercise were proposed in 95% of cases. CONCLUSIONS The causal explanation for the beneficial effect of exercise for RCRSP in clinical research is dominated by biomedical mechanisms, despite a lack of supporting evidence. Future research should consider testing the mechanisms identified in this review using mediation analysis to progress knowledge on how exercise might work for RCRSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared K Powell
- Faculty of Health Science and Medicine, Bond Institute of Health and Sport, Bond University, Robina, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Ben Schram
- Faculty of Health Science and Medicine, Bond Institute of Health and Sport, Bond University, Robina, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jeremy Lewis
- Therapy Department, Central London Community Healthcare National Health Service Trust, London, United Kingdom; Clinical Therapies, University of Limerick, Ireland
| | - Wayne Hing
- Faculty of Health Science and Medicine, Bond Institute of Health and Sport, Bond University, Robina, Queensland, Australia
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Zhou HJ, Wang T, Xu YZ, Chen YN, Deng LJ, Wang C, Chen JX, Tan JYB. Effects of exercise interventions on cancer-related fatigue in breast cancer patients: an overview of systematic reviews. Support Care Cancer 2022; 30:10421-10440. [PMID: 36326908 PMCID: PMC9715478 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-022-07389-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This overview of systematic reviews aims to critically appraise and consolidate evidence from current systematic reviews (SRs)/meta-analyses on the effects of exercise interventions on cancer-related fatigue (CRF) in breast cancer patients. METHODS SRs/meta-analyses that explored the effects of exercise interventions on CRF in breast cancer patients compared with the routine methods of treatment and care were retrieved from nine databases. The methodological quality of the included SRs was appraised using A MeaSurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews II (AMSTAR II). The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) was used to calculate the grading of outcomes in the included SRs. The exercise type, frequency, duration, and inclusion/absence of supervision were further evaluated with subgroup analyses. The Stata 16.0 software was utilized for data analysis. RESULTS Twenty-nine reviews were included. The overall methodological quality and level of evidence of the included reviews were unsatisfactory, with only three reviews rated as high methodological quality and no review identified as high-quality evidence. Moderate certainty evidence indicated that exercise could improve fatigue in breast cancer patients (SMD = - 0.40 [95%CI - 0.58, - 0.22]; P = 0.0001). Subgroup analysis based on the types of exercise showed that yoga (SMD = - 0.30 [95%CI - 0.56, - 0.05]; I2 = 28.7%) and aerobic exercise (SMD = - 0.29 [95%CI - 0.56, - 0.02]; I2 = 16%) had a significantly better effect on CRF in breast cancer patients; exercising for over 6 months (SMD = - 0.88 [95%CI - 1.59, - 0.17]; I2 = 42.7%; P = 0.0001), three times per week (SMD = - 0.77 [95%CI - 1.04, - 0.05]; I2 = 0%; P = 0.0001), and for 30 to 60 min per session (SMD = - 0.81 [95%CI - 1.15, - 0.47]; I2 = 42.3%; P = 0.0001) can contribute to a moderate improvement of CRF. Supervised exercise (SMD = - 0.48 [95%CI - 0.77, - 0.18]; I2 = 87%; P = 0.001) was shown to relieve CRF. CONCLUSION Exercise played a favorable role in alleviating CRF in breast cancer. Yoga was recommended as a promising exercise modality for CRF management in the majority of the included studies. Exercising for at least three times per week with 30 to 60 min per session could be recommended as a suitable dosage for achieving improvement in CRF. Supervised exercise was found to be more effective in alleviating CRF than unsupervised exercise. More rigorously designed clinical studies are needed to specify the exact exercise type, duration, frequency, and intensity to have an optimal effect on CRF in breast cancer patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: CRD42020219866.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Juan Zhou
- School of Nursing, Putian University, 1133 Xueyuan Middle Road, Putian, Fujian, China
| | - Tao Wang
- College of Nursing and Midwifery, Charles Darwin University, Brisbane Centre, 410 Ann Street, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Yong-Zhi Xu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Putian Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 99 Xueyuan North Road, Putian, Fujian, China
| | - Yan-Nan Chen
- School of Nursing, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1 Qiu Yang Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Li-Jing Deng
- School of Nursing, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1 Qiu Yang Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Chang Wang
- School of Nursing, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1 Qiu Yang Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jin-Xiu Chen
- School of Nursing, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1 Qiu Yang Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
| | - Jing-Yu Benjamin Tan
- College of Nursing and Midwifery, Charles Darwin University, Ellengowan Dr, Casuarina, NT, Australia.
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Lippi G, Sanchis-Gomar F, Mattiuzzi C, Lavie CJ. Estimating Worldwide Impact of Low Physical Activity on Risk of Developing Ischemic Heart Disease-Related Disability: An Updated Search in the 2019 Global Health Data Exchange (GHDx). MEDICINES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:55. [PMID: 36355060 PMCID: PMC9693065 DOI: 10.3390/medicines9110055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We provide here updated analysis of the impact of physical inactivity on risk of developing ischemic heart disease (IHD)-related disability along with the latest 10-year progression. We collected data through an electronic search in the 2019 Global Health Data Exchange (GHDx) database using the keywords "low physical activity", complemented with the additional epidemiologic variables "disability-adjusted life years" (DALYs; number); "ischemic heart disease"; "socio-demographic index" (SDI); "age"; "sex" and "year", for calculating volume of DALYs lost due to physical activity (PA)-related disability after IHD (LPA-IHD impairment). Based on this search, the overall LPA-IHD impairment was estimated at 7.6 million DALYs in 2019 (3.9 and 3.7 million DALYs in males and females, respectively), thus representing nearly 50% of all PA-related disabilities. The highest impact of LPA-IHD impairment was observed in middle SDI countries, being the lowest in low SDI countries. The LPA-IHD DALYs increased by 17.5% in both sexes during the past 10 years (19.2% in males, and 15.8% in females, respectively), though this trend was dissimilar among different SDI areas, especially during the past two years. In high and high-middle SDI countries, the LPA-IHD grew during the past 2 years, whilst the trend remained stable or declined in other regions. In conclusion, LPA-IHD impairment remains substantial worldwide, leading the way to reinforce current policies aimed at increasing PA volume in the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Lippi
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry and School of Medicine, University of Verona, Piazzale L.A. Scuro, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Fabian Sanchis-Gomar
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 450 Serra Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Camilla Mattiuzzi
- Service of Clinical Governance, Provincial Agency for Social and Sanitary Services (APSS), Via Alcide Degasperi, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Carl J. Lavie
- John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, Ochsner Clinical School—The University of Queensland School of Medicine, 1401 Jefferson Hwy, Jefferson, LA 70121, USA
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The Impact of Body Weight Changes versus Exercise Capacity Changes on Health-Related Factors following a Lifestyle Intervention in Employees with Metabolic Syndrome. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14214560. [DOI: 10.3390/nu14214560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Lifestyle changes are a cornerstone in the treatment of metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, evidence as to which components of the MetS and associated aspects of quality of life are driven by weight loss or improvements in exercise capacity are scarce. Methods: Company employees (n = 302, 48.2 ± 8.2 years, BMI 33.2 ± 5.4 kg/m2) with diagnosed MetS were evaluated after a 6-month telemonitoring-supported intervention (counselling in nutrition and physical activity) or wait-list control (delayed start of the same intervention). Results: Exercise capacity, body mass index (BMI), and MetS severity were improved after the intervention. Multivariable regression models revealed that changes in BMI were associated with changes in three components of MetS (waist circumference, triglycerides, blood glucose), whereas changes in exercise capacity only were associated to one MetS component change (systolic blood pressure) but also improvements in anxiety severity, aspects of quality of life, and work ability. Conclusions: Both physical activity promotion and diet should be part of a holistic treatment of patients with MetS. However, our data suggest that dietary-induced weight loss might be more successful when aiming at improving MetS risk factors, whereas focusing more on physical activity promotion might be preferred when targeting aspects in quality of life and mental health.
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Sumbalová Z, Kucharská J, Rausová Z, Palacka P, Kovalčíková E, Takácsová T, Mojto V, Navas P, Lopéz-Lluch G, Gvozdjáková A. Reduced platelet mitochondrial respiration and oxidative phosphorylation in patients with post COVID-19 syndrome are regenerated after spa rehabilitation and targeted ubiquinol therapy. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:1016352. [PMID: 36339707 PMCID: PMC9634579 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.1016352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
European Association of Spa Rehabilitation recommend spa rehabilitation for patients with post COVID-19 syndrome (post C-19). We studied effects of special mountain spa rehabilitation program and its combination with ubiquinol (reduced form of coenzyme Q10-CoQ10) supplementation on pulmonary function, clinical symptoms, endogenous CoQ10 levels, and platelet mitochondrial bioenergetics of patients with post C-19. 36 patients with post C-19 enrolled for rehabilitation in mountain spa resort and 15 healthy volunteers representing the control group were included in this study. 14 patients with post C-19 (MR group) were on mountain spa rehabilitation lasting 16-18 days, 22 patients (MRQ group) were supplemented with ubiquinol (2 × 100 mg/day) during the rehabilitation and additional 12-14 days at home. Clinical symptoms and functional capacity of the lungs were determined in the patients before and after the spa rehabilitation program. Platelet bioenergetics by high-resolution respirometry, plasma TBARS concentration, and CoQ10 concentration in blood, plasma and platelets were evaluated before and after the spa rehabilitation program, and in 8 patients of MRQ group also after additional 12-14 days of CoQ10 supplementation. Pulmonary function and clinical symptoms improved after the rehabilitation program in both groups, 51.8% of symptoms disappeared in the MR group and 62.8% in the MRQ group. Platelet mitochondrial Complex I (CI)-linked oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and electron transfer (ET) capacity were markedly reduced in both groups of patients. After the rehabilitation program the improvement of these parameters was significant in the MRQ group and moderate in the MR group. CI-linked OXPHOS and ET capacity increased further after additional 12-14 days of CoQ10 supplementation. CoQ10 concentration in platelets, blood and plasma markedly raised after the spa rehabilitation with ubiquinol supplementation, not in non-supplemented group. In the MRQ group all parameters of platelet mitochondrial respiration correlated with CoQ10 concentration in platelets, and the increase in CI-linked OXPHOS and ET capacity correlated with the increase of CoQ10 concentration in platelets. Our data show a significant role of supplemented ubiquinol in accelerating the recovery of mitochondrial health in patients with post C-19. Mountain spa rehabilitation with coenzyme Q10 supplementation could be recommended to patients with post C-19. This study was registered as a clinical trial: ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT05178225.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Sumbalová
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacobiochemical Laboratory of 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jarmila Kucharská
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacobiochemical Laboratory of 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Rausová
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacobiochemical Laboratory of 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Patrik Palacka
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Medicine, 2nd Department of Oncology, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | | | | | - Viliam Mojto
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Medicine, 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Plácido Navas
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA and CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Guillermo Lopéz-Lluch
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA and CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Anna Gvozdjáková
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacobiochemical Laboratory of 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Bratislava, Slovakia
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Auchincloss AH, Michael YL, Niamatullah S, Li S, Melly SJ, Pharis ML, Fuller D. Changes in physical activity after joining a bikeshare program: a cohort of new bikeshare users. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2022; 19:132. [PMID: 36195957 PMCID: PMC9533574 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-022-01353-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There are hundreds of bikeshare programs worldwide, yet few health-related evaluations have been conducted. We enrolled a cohort of new bikeshare members in Philadelphia (Pennsylvania, USA) to assess whether within-person moderate and vigorous physical activity (MVPA) increased with higher use of the program and whether effects differed for vulnerable sub-groups. Methods During 2015–2018, 1031 new members completed baseline and one-year follow-up online surveys regarding their personal characteristics and past 7-day MVPA minutes per week (minutes per week with- and without walking). Participants were linked to their bikeshare trips to objectively assess program use. Negative binomial (for continuous outcomes) and multinomial (for categorical outcomes) regression adjusted for person characteristics (socio-demographics, health), weather, biking-infrastructure, and baseline biking. Results Participant median age was 30, 25% were of Black or Latino race/ethnicity, and 30% were socioeconomically disadvantaged. By follow-up, personal bike ownership increased and 75% used bikeshare, although most used it infrequently. Per 10 day change in past year (PY) bikeshare use, non-walking MVPA min/wk increased 3% (roughly 6 min/wk, P < 0.014). More days of bikeshare was also associated with change from inactive to more active (odds ratio for ≥ 15 days in PY vs. no bikeshare use 1.80, CI 1.05–3.09, P < 0.03). Results were consistent across vulnerable sub-groups. In general, impacts on MVPA were similar when exposure was personal bike or bikeshare. Conclusions Bikeshare facilitated increases in cycling, slightly increased non-walking MVPA, and showed potential for activating inactive adults; however, for larger program impact, members will need to use it more frequently. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12966-022-01353-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy H Auchincloss
- Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, 3215 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA. .,Urban Health Collaborative, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Yvonne L Michael
- Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, 3215 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Urban Health Collaborative, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Saima Niamatullah
- Urban Health Collaborative, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Siyu Li
- Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, 3215 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Steven J Melly
- Urban Health Collaborative, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Meagan L Pharis
- Philadelphia Department of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Daniel Fuller
- School of Human Kinetics and Recreation, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
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Srismith D, Dierkes K, Zipfel S, Thiel A, Sudeck G, Giel KE, Behrens SC. Physical activity improves body image of sedentary adults. Exploring the roles of interoception and affective response. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03641-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AbstractTo reduce the number of sedentary people, an improved understanding of effects of exercise in this specific group is needed. The present project investigates the impact of regular aerobic exercise uptake on body image, and how this effect is associated with differences in interoceptive abilities and affective response to exercise. Participants were 29 sedentary adults who underwent a 12-week aerobic physical activity intervention comprised of 30–36 sessions. Body image was improved with large effect sizes. Correlations were observed between affective response to physical activity and body image improvement, but not with interoceptive abilities. Explorative mediation models suggest a neglectable role of a priori interoceptive abilities. Instead, body image improvement was achieved when positive valence was assigned to interoceptive cues experienced during exercise.
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Jia Y, Tang L, Yao Y, Zhuo L, Qu D, Chen X, Ji Y, Tao J, Zhu Y. Low-intensity exercise combined with sodium valproate attenuates kainic acid-induced seizures and associated co-morbidities by inhibiting NF-κB signaling in mice. Front Neurol 2022; 13:993405. [PMID: 36212646 PMCID: PMC9534325 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.993405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sodium valproate (VPA) is a broad-spectrum anticonvulsant that is effective both in adults and children suffering from epilepsy, but it causes psychiatric and behavioral side effects in patients with epilepsy. In addition, 30% of patients with epilepsy develop resistance to VPA. At present, regular physical exercise has shown many benefits and has become an effective complementary therapy for various brain diseases, including epilepsy. Therefore, we wondered whether VPA combined with exercise would be more effective in the treatment of seizures and associated co-morbidities. Here, we used a mouse model with kainic acid (KA)-induced epilepsy to compare the seizure status and the levels of related co-morbidities, such as cognition, depression, anxiety, and movement disorders, in each group using animal behavioral experiment and local field potential recordings. Subsequently, we investigated the mechanism behind this phenomenon by immunological means. Our results showed that low-intensity exercise combined with VPA reduced seizures and associated co-morbidities. This phenomenon seems to be related to the Toll-like receptor 4, activation of the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and release of interleukin 1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and IL-6. In brief, low-intensity exercise combined with VPA enhanced the downregulation of NF-κB-related inflammatory response, thereby alleviating the seizures, and associated co-morbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Jia
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lele Tang
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Yao
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Limin Zhuo
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongxiao Qu
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingxing Chen
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yonghua Ji
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yonghua Ji
| | - Jie Tao
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Jie Tao
| | - Yudan Zhu
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Yudan Zhu
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Hochheim M, Ramm P, Wunderlich M, Amelung V. Association between chronic low back pain and regular exercise, sedentary behaviour and mental health before and during COVID-19 pandemic: insights from a large-scale cross-sectional study in Germany. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2022; 23:860. [PMID: 36104661 PMCID: PMC9474280 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-022-05806-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Nonspecific chronic low back pain (CLBP) is a complex symptom with numerous possible causes and influencing factors. Understanding how modifiable factors affect the course of CLBP is important for preventing progression. As the COVID-19 pandemic has changed the lifestyle of many people, this study paper assessed whether it also changed the influence of modifiable lifestyle factors (regular exercise and sedentary behaviour) and mental health factors (anxiety and depression) on CLBP pain intensity and disability by comparing the strength of these associations before and during the pandemic. We hypothesised that the importance of regular physical activity and good mental health for CLBP patients would increase during the pandemic.
Methods
These questions were investigated in a cross-sectional study of insurance claims data and self-reported data from various questionnaires from 3,478 participants in a German CLBP health intervention (2014–2021) by calculating pre- and intra-pandemic odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for each variable of interest and outcome. Potential confounders were also considered. Pandemic status was treated as an effect modifier. Based on the date of enrolment, participants were classified as “pre-pandemic” or “pandemic”.
Results
Regularly exercising ≥ 4 h/week significantly reduced the odds of high disability for men (OR 0.49, 95% CI 0.31 – 0.79, p = 0.003) and women (OR 0.30, 95% CI 0.14 – 0.563, p = 0.002) and reduced the probability of severe pain in women (OR 0.37, 95% CI 0.21 – 0.65, p < 0.001). Each one-point increase in PHQ-4 score for anxiety and depression increased the OR of high pain intensity by 1.25 points (95% CI 1.18 – 1.34, p < 0.001). A clear impact of COVID-19 lockdowns was observed. In individuals who exercised ≥ 4 h/week the OR of high disability was 0.57 (95% CI 0.36 – 0.92, p = 0.021) in the pre-pandemic group compared to 0.29 (95% CI 0.12 – 0.56, p = 0.002) in the pandemic group. The probability of high disability increased from an OR of 1.42 (95% CI 1.33 – 1.52, p < 0.001) per marginal increase in the PHQ-4 scale before the pandemic, to an OR of 1.73 (95% CI 1.58 – 1.89, p < 0.001) during the pandemic.
Conclusions
The magnitude of association of the factors that influenced high pain intensity and disability increased during the pandemic. On the one hand, the protective effect of regular exercising was greater in participants surveyed during lockdown. On the other hand, a higher risk through anxiety or depression during the lockdown was identified. An additional study with objective measures of sedentary behaviour and physical activity is needed to validate these results. More in-depth investigation of lockdown-induced associations between reduced daily physical activity, increased levels of anxiety and depression, and their effects on CLPB could also be worthwhile.
Trial registration
This study used routinely collected data from a CLBP intervention that was previously evaluated and registered in the German Registry of Clinical Trials under DRKS00015463 (04/09/2018). The original ethics approval, informed consent and self-reported questionnaire have remained unchanged and are still valid.
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Longo PL, de Aquino RDC, Ortiz SRM, de Oliveira RS, Gavioli A, do Amaral JB, Monteiro FR, de Almeida Franco RR, Mereu GR, Bachi ALL, de Lima AJB, Laurentino GC, Bastos MF. Effects of physical distancing by COVID-19 pandemic on diet quality, neurological and immunological markers, and fecal microbiota of Brazilian older women. Front Nutr 2022; 9:972100. [PMID: 36211483 PMCID: PMC9534123 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.972100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical distancing was used to prevent transmission of COVID-19, however there are concerns that this may promote harmful impacts on health, such as reduced levels of physical practice and changes in food intake and gut microbiota composition. This study evaluated the impacts of 6 months physical distancing on Brazilian older women upon body mass index (BMI), strength, physical activity level (IPAQ), eating habits, neurological markers (brain-derived neurotrophic factor-BDNF and cortisol), cytokines (IL-2, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, interferon-IFN-γ, tumor necrosis factor-TNF-α), aging-associated markers (vascular endothelial growth factor-VEGF, insulin-like growth factor-IGF-1, klotho and thymic stromal lymphopoietin-TSLP), besides specific groups of fecal microbiota. Fifteen women, over 60 years old, residents of São Paulo state (Brazil), were evaluated in March and in September 2020. The older adult women, with a mean age 66 ± 6.2 years presented significantly increased BMI and high effect size for non-protective foods consumption, reduced light physical activity and strength 6 months following the physical distancing. Furthermore, the serum concentration of IFN-γ, IGF-1, and IFN-γ/IL-5 were significantly higher, while lower concentration of IL-2 and IL-5 were observed 6 months after the physical distancing. Significant increase was noted only to Blautia spp. abundance after 6 months of physical distancing. Several correlations were observed at both before and after physical distancing, however, interestingly, many of them were lost or inverted 6 months following, while new ones emerged. Taken together, these results showed that lifestyle changes and stress conditions addressed by physical distancing from the COVID-19 pandemic impacted the health of older women included in the present study. Therefore, future follow-up studies are essential to propose interventions in order to restore the health conditions observed before the pandemic period, and thus to maintain the quality of life of older adults in different socioeconomic contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Aline Gavioli
- Postgraduate Program in Aging Sciences, São Judas Tadeu University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - André Luis Lacerda Bachi
- ENT Laboratory, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Health Science, University of Santo Amaro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Marta Ferreira Bastos
- Postgraduate Program in Aging Sciences, São Judas Tadeu University, São Paulo, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Marta Ferreira Bastos,
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Maurus I, Röll L, Keeser D, Karali T, Papazov B, Hasan A, Schmitt A, Papazova I, Lembeck M, Hirjak D, Thieme CE, Sykorova E, Münz S, Seitz V, Greska D, Campana M, Wagner E, Löhrs L, Pömsl J, Roeh A, Malchow B, Keller-Varady K, Ertl-Wagner B, Stöcklein S, Meyer-Lindenberg A, Falkai P. Associations between aerobic fitness, negative symptoms, cognitive deficits and brain structure in schizophrenia-a cross-sectional study. SCHIZOPHRENIA (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 8:63. [PMID: 35918344 PMCID: PMC9345912 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-022-00269-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Negative symptoms and cognitive deficits are common in individuals with schizophrenia, greatly affect their outcome, and have been associated with alterations in cerebral gray and white matter volume (GMV, WMV). In the last decade, aerobic endurance training has emerged as a promising intervention to alleviate these symptoms and improved aerobic fitness has been suggested as a key moderator variable. In the present study, we investigated, whether aerobic fitness is associated with fewer cognitive deficits and negative symptoms and with GMVs and WMVs in individuals with schizophrenia in a cross-sectional design. In the largest study to date on the implications of fitness in individuals with schizophrenia, 111 participants at two centers underwent assessments of negative symptoms, cognitive functioning, and aerobic fitness and 69 underwent additional structural magnetic resonance imaging. Multilevel Bayesian partial correlations were computed to quantify relationships between the variables of interest. The main finding was a positive association of aerobic fitness with right hippocampal GMV and WMVs in parahippocampal and several cerebellar regions. We found limited evidence for an association of aerobic fitness with cognitive functioning and negative symptoms. In summary, our results strengthen the notion that aerobic fitness and hippocampal plasticity are interrelated which holds implications for the design of exercise interventions in individuals with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Maurus
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Lukas Röll
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- NeuroImaging Core Unit Munich (NICUM), University Hospital LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Keeser
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- NeuroImaging Core Unit Munich (NICUM), University Hospital LMU, Munich, Germany
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Temmuz Karali
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Boris Papazov
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Alkomiet Hasan
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Bezirkskrankenhaus Augsburg, Medical Faculty, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Schmitt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Laboratory of Neuroscience (LIM27), Institute of Psychiatry, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Irina Papazova
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Bezirkskrankenhaus Augsburg, Medical Faculty, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Moritz Lembeck
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Dusan Hirjak
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Cristina E Thieme
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eliska Sykorova
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Susanne Münz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Valentina Seitz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - David Greska
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Mattia Campana
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Elias Wagner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Lisa Löhrs
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Johannes Pömsl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Technical University of Munich, University Hospital Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - Astrid Roeh
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Bezirkskrankenhaus Augsburg, Medical Faculty, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Berend Malchow
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Birgit Ertl-Wagner
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sophia Stöcklein
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Falkai
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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Relationship between Dietary Patterns and Subjectively Measured Physical Activity in Japanese Individuals 85 Years and Older: A Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14142924. [PMID: 35889881 PMCID: PMC9323235 DOI: 10.3390/nu14142924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
High-quality diets and regular physical activity (PA) are considered healthy behaviors (HBs). HBs are associated with many health outcomes and are expected to improve quality of life. Although implementing HBs is important, the relationship between dietary patterns (DPs) and PA has not been well investigated, especially among those aged ≥ 85. This study used data from the Tokyo Oldest Old survey on Total Health study to examine the relationship between DPs and PA in a cross-sectional study. The dietary survey used the brief self-administered diet history questionnaire to estimate the intake of 58 foods. After energy adjustment, principal component analysis was performed to identify major DPs. A validated questionnaire was used to evaluate PA, and linear regression analysis was used to investigate the association between DPs and PA, considering confounders. A total of 519 participants were included. Three major DPs (‘Various plant foods’, ‘Fish and mushrooms’, ‘Cooked rice and miso soup’) were identified. ‘Various plant foods’ was similar to DPs previously named ‘Healthy’ or ‘Prudent’, and its trend was positively associated with higher PA. This study observed the implementation of HBs even among those aged ≥ 85, suggesting that a trend toward a healthier diet is associated with higher PA.
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Esch T, Stefano GB. The BERN Framework of Mind-Body Medicine: Integrating Self-Care, Health Promotion, Resilience, and Applied Neuroscience. Front Integr Neurosci 2022; 16:913573. [PMID: 35910341 PMCID: PMC9330052 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2022.913573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Mind-body medicine (MBM) focuses on improving our understanding of how the interactions between the brain, mind, body, and behavior can be used to promote health. In this narrative review, we present the basic principles of MBM, including the introduction of a rational framework for the implementation of MBM-based interventions. We also discuss the contributions of MBM to motivation and reward systems in the brain including those that may specifically involve the mitochondria.Results: MBM can be used to promote health in patients with chronic diseases, especially conditions identified as lifestyle-related. MBM builds on salutogenesis, which is a paradigm that focuses on health (as opposed to disease) determinants and the development of individual resilience and coherence factors as a means to reduce stress, decrease the burden of disease, and improve the quality of life. This approach involves several well-known principles of self-healing and self-care. MBM interventions typically include behavioral modification techniques in conjunction with cognitive work focused on stress regulation, exercise, relaxation, meditation, and nutrition. We suggest the use of the acronym “BERN” (Behavior, Exercise, Relaxation, and Nutrition) to summarize the operational framework of this approach.Discussion: Different BERN techniques act via shared autoregulatory central nervous system (CNS) reward and motivation circuitries. These systems rely on numerous neurobiological signaling pathways with overlapping effector molecules that converge, e.g., on nitric oxide (NO) as a common effector molecule. NO is critically coupled to reward physiology, stress reduction, and self-regulation as it modulates the responses of various mitochondrial, nuclear, and chromosomal processes within brain cells. NO has also been implicated in relevant outcomes (e.g., the placebo response).Conclusions: MBM interventions typically follow the BERN model and aim to strengthen health and resilience, and reduce stress. The mechanisms of action of these processes involve the CNS reward systems and correlate with placebo and self-healing pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Esch
- Institute for Integrative Health Care and Health Promotion, School of Medicine, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
- *Correspondence: Tobias Esch
| | - George B. Stefano
- Center for Cognitive and Molecular Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
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Huston P. A Sedentary and Unhealthy Lifestyle Fuels Chronic Disease Progression by Changing Interstitial Cell Behaviour: A Network Analysis. Front Physiol 2022; 13:904107. [PMID: 35874511 PMCID: PMC9304814 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.904107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Managing chronic diseases, such as heart disease, stroke, diabetes, chronic lung disease and Alzheimer’s disease, account for a large proportion of health care spending, yet they remain in the top causes of premature mortality and are preventable. It is currently accepted that an unhealthy lifestyle fosters a state of chronic low-grade inflammation that is linked to chronic disease progression. Although this is known to be related to inflammatory cytokines, how an unhealthy lifestyle causes cytokine release and how that in turn leads to chronic disease progression are not well known. This article presents a theory that an unhealthy lifestyle fosters chronic disease by changing interstitial cell behavior and is supported by a six-level hierarchical network analysis. The top three networks include the macroenvironment, social and cultural factors, and lifestyle itself. The fourth network includes the immune, autonomic and neuroendocrine systems and how they interact with lifestyle factors and with each other. The fifth network identifies the effects these systems have on the microenvironment and two types of interstitial cells: macrophages and fibroblasts. Depending on their behaviour, these cells can either help maintain and restore normal function or foster chronic disease progression. When macrophages and fibroblasts dysregulate, it leads to chronic low-grade inflammation, fibrosis, and eventually damage to parenchymal (organ-specific) cells. The sixth network considers how macrophages change phenotype. Thus, a pathway is identified through this hierarchical network to reveal how external factors and lifestyle affect interstitial cell behaviour. This theory can be tested and it needs to be tested because, if correct, it has profound implications. Not only does this theory explain how chronic low-grade inflammation causes chronic disease progression, it also provides insight into salutogenesis, or the process by which health is maintained and restored. Understanding low-grade inflammation as a stalled healing process offers a new strategy for chronic disease management. Rather than treating each chronic disease separately by a focus on parenchymal pathology, a salutogenic strategy of optimizing interstitial health could prevent and mitigate multiple chronic diseases simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Huston
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Institut du Savoir Montfort (Research), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Patricia Huston, , orcid.org/0000-0002-2927-1176
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Omar SM, Osman OS, Gasim GI, Adam I. Pattern and Trends in Adult Hospitalization/Admission and Mortality Among Medical Ward Inpatients at Gadarif Hospital in Eastern Sudan: A Four-Year Retrospective Study. Int J Gen Med 2022; 15:5879-5889. [PMID: 35795304 PMCID: PMC9252602 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s367513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Sub-Saharan Africa suffers from a dual impact of communicable (CDs) and non-communicable diseases (NCDs). There is scarce data on causes, trends of admission, and deaths among patients in Sudan. We aimed to determine the causes, trends of admission, and mortality among adult patients admitted to Gadarif Hospital in Eastern Sudan. Patients and Methods The medical records of adult patients admitted to Gadarif medical wards from January 2017 to December 2020 were reviewed for age, gender, causes of admission, and outcomes. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to analysis factors (age, sex, years, and disease) associated with the mortality. Results Of the 7230 patients who were admitted, 2221 (34.7%) were females and 5009 (69.3%) were males. The median age (interquartile range, IQR) was 47.0 (35.0) years. Of these 7230 patients, 3167 (43.8%) and 4063 (56.2%) patients were admitted with CDs and NCDs, respectively. Cardiovascular diseases (18.4%), snakebites (12.9%), and visceral leishmaniasis (12.0%) were the most common causes of admission. The overall in-patient adult deaths were 674 (9.3%). Cardiovascular diseases (22.3%), neurological diseases (16.9%), sepsis (15.9%), renal diseases (13.9%), and snakebites (8.3%) were the most common causes of inpatient mortality. Malignancy (20.7%), sepsis (20.9%), neurological diseases (17.4%), and cardiovascular diseases (13.8%) comprised the highest case fatality rates among the admitted patients. Using a Cox regression model (adjusted), age (adjusted hazard ratio = 1.02, 95% confidence interval = 1.01‒1.03) was associated with increased mortality hazard. However, the gender and years of admission were not associated with increased mortality hazard. Conclusion Admissions and mortality rates for CDs and NCDs are high compared with other African countries. Preventive measures are required to avert the high burden of these diseases. Health care systems in Sudan need to be prepared to deal with the dual burden of the diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed M Omar
- Faculty of Medicine, Gadarif University, Gadarif, Sudan
| | - Osama S Osman
- Faculty of Medicine, Gadarif University, Gadarif, Sudan
| | - Gasim I Gasim
- Klerksdorp/Tshepong Hospital Complex, the University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Ishag Adam
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Unaizah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia,Correspondence: Ishag Adam, Email
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Knowles R, Kemp E, Miller M, Davison K, Koczwara B. Physical activity interventions in older people with cancer: A review of systematic reviews. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 2022; 31:e13637. [PMID: 35730689 DOI: 10.1111/ecc.13637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Whilst there has been a wealth of research on benefits of physical activity (PA) in people with cancer, with three published reviews of reviews, no review of reviews has focused on older adults (65 years or older) who may have unique biological characteristics and barriers. We summarised PA effectiveness from reviews where majority of study participants were 65 years or older. METHODS Six databases were searched for systematic reviews of randomised controlled studies (RCTs)/quasi-RCTs examining any type of PA in reviews where majority of study participants were aged 65 years or older. Two reviewers conducted the search and analysis according to PRISMA and JBI guidelines. RESULTS Fifteen reviews involving 76 different primary studies (5404 participants) were included. The majority (3827; 71%) had prostate cancer. PA was associated with benefits across multiple physical outcomes (muscle mass, functional performance, strength), improved fatigue and health service outcomes. In contrast to younger adults, there was no improvement in anxiety and mixed findings for quality of life and depression. CONCLUSION PA is associated with multiple benefits in older adults with cancer, with some differences compared to younger individuals which may reflect biological or behavioural determinants. Future research should focus on mechanisms underlying PA effectiveness and underrepresented populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reegan Knowles
- Survivorship and Psycho-Oncology, Flinders Cancer Research, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Emma Kemp
- Survivorship and Psycho-Oncology, Flinders Cancer Research, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Michelle Miller
- College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Kade Davison
- Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Bogda Koczwara
- Survivorship and Psycho-Oncology, Flinders Cancer Research, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Lopresti AL, Smith SJ. An examination into the mental and physical effects of a saffron extract (affron®) in recreationally-active adults: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2022; 19:219-238. [PMID: 35813851 PMCID: PMC9261746 DOI: 10.1080/15502783.2022.2083455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian L Lopresti
- Clinical Research Australia, Perth, Australia
- Murdoch University, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Perth, Australia
| | - Stephen J Smith
- Clinical Research Australia, Perth, Australia
- Murdoch University, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Perth, Australia
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Beauchamp A, Talevski J, Nicholls SJ, Wong Shee A, Martin C, Van Gaal W, Oqueli E, Ananthapavan J, Sharma L, O'Neil A, Brennan-Olsen SL, Jessup RL. Health literacy and long-term health outcomes following myocardial infarction: protocol for a multicentre, prospective cohort study (ENHEARTEN study). BMJ Open 2022; 12:e060480. [PMID: 35523501 PMCID: PMC9083432 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-060480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Low health literacy is common in people with cardiovascular disease and may be one factor that affects an individual's ability to maintain secondary prevention health behaviours following myocardial infarction (MI). However, little is known about the association between health literacy and longer-term health outcomes in people with MI. The ENhancing HEAlth literacy in secondary pRevenTion of cardiac evENts (ENHEARTEN) study aims to examine the relationship between health literacy and a number of health outcomes (including healthcare costs) in a cohort of patients following their first MI. Findings may provide evidence for the significance of health literacy as a predictor of long-term cardiac outcomes. METHODS AND ANALYSIS ENHEARTEN is a multicentre, prospective observational study in a convenience sample of adults (aged >18 years) with their first MI. A total of 450 patients will be recruited over 2 years across two metropolitan health services and one rural/regional health service in Victoria, Australia. The primary outcome of this study will be all-cause, unplanned hospital admissions within 6 months of index admission. Secondary outcomes include cardiac-related hospital admissions up to 24 months post-MI, emergency department presentations, health-related quality of life, mortality, cardiac rehabilitation attendance and healthcare costs. Health literacy will be observed as a predictor variable and will be determined using the 12-item version of the European Health Literacy Survey (HLS-Q12). ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethics approval for this study has been received from the relevant human research ethics committee (HREC) at each of the participating health services (lead site Monash Health HREC; approval number: RES-21-0000-242A) and Services Australia HREC (reference number: RMS1672). Informed written consent will be sought from all participants. Study results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and collated in reports for participating health services and participants. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ACTRN12621001224819.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Beauchamp
- School of Rural Health, Monash University, Warragul, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine - Western Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jason Talevski
- School of Rural Health, Monash University, Warragul, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine - Western Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephen J Nicholls
- Monash Cardiovascular Research Centre, Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anna Wong Shee
- Allied Health, Ballarat Health Services - Grampians Health, Ballarat, Victoria, Australia
- Deakin Rural Health, Deakin University, Ballarat, Victoria, Australia
| | - Catherine Martin
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Data Science and AI, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - William Van Gaal
- Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, The Northern Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ernesto Oqueli
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
- Cardiology, Ballarat Health Services - Grampians Health, Ballarat, Vic, Australia
| | - Jaithri Ananthapavan
- Deakin Health Economics, School of Health and Social Development, Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Laveena Sharma
- School of Rural Health, Monash University, Warragul, Victoria, Australia
- Monash Heart, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Adrienne O'Neil
- Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Training, Food & Mood Centre, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, 3220
| | - Sharon Lee Brennan-Olsen
- School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University - Geelong Waterfront Campus, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rebecca Leigh Jessup
- School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Staying Well Programs, Northern Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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135
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Prestemon CE, Grummon AH, Rummo PE, Taillie LS. Differences in Dietary Quality by Sexual Orientation and Sex in the United States: NHANES 2011-2016. J Acad Nutr Diet 2022; 122:918-931.e7. [PMID: 34896299 PMCID: PMC9038656 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2021.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are persistent disparities in weight- and diet-related diseases by sexual orientation. Lesbian and bisexual females have a higher risk of obesity and cardiovascular disease compared with heterosexual females. Gay and bisexual males have a higher risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease compared with heterosexual males. However, it remains unknown how sexual orientation groups differ in their dietary quality. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine whether dietary quality differs by sexual orientation and sex among US adults. DESIGN This was a cross-sectional study of 24-hour dietary recall data from a nationally representative sample of adults aged 20 through 65 years participating in the 2011-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. PARTICIPANTS/SETTING Study participants were adults (n = 8,851) with complete information on dietary intake, sexual orientation, and sex. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The main outcome measures were daily energy intake from 20 specific food and beverage groups and Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015) scores for sexual orientation groups (heterosexual vs gay/lesbian/bisexual). STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED Ordinary least squares regressions were used to calculate adjusted means for each food and beverage group and HEI-2015, stratified by sex and controlling for covariates (eg, age and race/ethnicity) and survey cycles (2011-2012, 2013-2014, and 2015-2016). RESULTS Among males, red and processed meat/poultry/seafood (P = .01) and sandwiches (P = .02) were smaller contributors to energy intake for gay/bisexual males compared with heterosexual males. Among females, cereals (P =.04) and mixed dishes (P = .02) were smaller contributors to energy intake for lesbian/bisexual females compared with heterosexual females. Gay/bisexual males had significantly higher total HEI-2015 scores than heterosexual males (mean ± standard deviation 53.40 ± 1.36 vs 49.29 ± 0.32, difference = 4.14; P = .004). Lesbian/bisexual females did not differ in total or component HEI-2015 scores from heterosexual females. CONCLUSIONS Although gay/lesbian/bisexual groups were similar for a variety of dietary outcomes compared with heterosexual groups, gay and bisexual men displayed healthier dietary quality for processed meat (by consuming smaller amounts) and overall dietary quality (according to HEI-2015) compared with heterosexual males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen E Prestemon
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Anna H Grummon
- Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Cambridge, MA; Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Pasquale E Rummo
- Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Lindsey Smith Taillie
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC.
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Brand R, Nosrat S, Späth C, Timme S. Using COVID-19 Pandemic as a Prism: A Systematic Review of Methodological Approaches and the Quality of Empirical Studies on Physical Activity Behavior Change. Front Sports Act Living 2022; 4:864468. [PMID: 35529420 PMCID: PMC9069113 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2022.864468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of scientific endeavors. The goal of this systematic review is to evaluate the quality of the research on physical activity (PA) behavior change and its potential to contribute to policy-making processes in the early days of COVID-19 related restrictions. Methods We conducted a systematic review of methodological quality of current research according to PRISMA guidelines using Pubmed and Web of Science, of articles on PA behavior change that were published within 365 days after COVID-19 was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). Items from the JBI checklist and the AXIS tool were used for additional risk of bias assessment. Evidence mapping is used for better visualization of the main results. Conclusions about the significance of published articles are based on hypotheses on PA behavior change in the light of the COVID-19 pandemic. Results Among the 1,903 identified articles, there were 36% opinion pieces, 53% empirical studies, and 9% reviews. Of the 332 studies included in the systematic review, 213 used self-report measures to recollect prepandemic behavior in often small convenience samples. Most focused changes in PA volume, whereas changes in PA types were rarely measured. The majority had methodological reporting flaws. Few had very large samples with objective measures using repeated measure design (pre and during the pandemic). In addition to the expected decline in PA duration, these studies show that many of those who were active prepandemic, continued to be active during the pandemic. Conclusions Research responded quickly at the onset of the pandemic. However, most of the studies lacked robust methodology, and PA behavior change data lacked the accuracy needed to guide policy makers. To improve the field, we propose the implementation of longitudinal cohort studies by larger organizations such as WHO to ease access to data on PA behavior, and suggest those institutions set clear standards for this research. Researchers need to ensure a better fit between the measurement method and the construct being measured, and use both objective and subjective measures where appropriate to complement each other and provide a comprehensive picture of PA behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Brand
- Sport and Exercise Psychology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Kinesiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Sanaz Nosrat
- Department of Health Sciences, Lehman College/City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
| | - Constantin Späth
- Sport and Exercise Psychology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Sinika Timme
- Sport and Exercise Psychology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
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Hummel M, Hantikainen E, Adami HO, Ye W, Bellocco R, Bonn SE, Lagerros YT. Association between total and leisure time physical activity and risk of myocardial infarction and stroke - a Swedish cohort study. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:532. [PMID: 35303845 PMCID: PMC8932168 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-12923-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical inactivity is a known risk factor for cardiovascular disease, but it is unclear if total and leisure time activity have different impact on the risk of myocardial infarction and stroke. In this cohort, we aimed to investigate the associations between both total and leisure time physical activity in detail, and the risks of myocardial infarction and stroke, both overall and for men and women separately. METHODS We assessed the association between total and leisure time physical activity on the risk of myocardial infarction and stroke in a cohort of 31,580 men and women through record linkages from 1997-2016. We used Cox proportional hazards regression models to estimate hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) based on detailed self-reported physical activity. In the adjusted analyses, we included age, sex, body mass index, level of education, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, diabetes, lipid disturbance and hypertension as potential confounders. RESULTS We identified 1,621 incident cases of myocardial infarction and 1,879 of stroke. Among men, there was an inverse association between leisure time activity and myocardial infarction in the third tertile compared to the first (HR: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.62-0.98; p for trend = 0.03). We also found an inverse association between leisure time activity and stroke in the third tertile compared to the first (HR: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.61-0.99; p for trend = 0.04), while the corresponding HR for stroke among women was 0.91; 95% CI: 0.74-1.13. We found no significant association between total physical activity and MI (HR: 1.12; 95% CI: 0.93-1.34) or stroke (HR: 1.14 95% CI: 0.94-1.39) comparing the highest to the lowest tertile in men. Women in the highest tertile of total physical activity had a 22% lower risk of myocardial infarction compared to the lowest tertile (HR: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.63-0.97; p for trend = 0.02) and an 8% (95% CI: 0.87-0.98) reduced risk of myocardial infarction with each 1 METh/day increase of leisure time physical activity. CONCLUSION Total physical activity was inversely associated with the risk of myocardial infarction in women, while leisure time physical activity was inversely associated with the risk of myocardial infarction and stroke in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine Hummel
- Clinical Epidemiology Division, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Eugeniahemmet T2:02, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Essi Hantikainen
- Institute for Biomedicine, Affiliated to the University of Lübeck, Eurac Research, Bozen, Italy
| | - Hans-Olov Adami
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Clinical Effectiveness Group, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Weimin Ye
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics & Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Rino Bellocco
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Statistics and Quantitative Methods, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Stephanie Erika Bonn
- Clinical Epidemiology Division, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Eugeniahemmet T2:02, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ylva Trolle Lagerros
- Clinical Epidemiology Division, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Eugeniahemmet T2:02, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Center for Obesity, Academic Specialist Center, Stockholm Health Services, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Trimarco V, Manzi MV, Mancusi C, Strisciuglio T, Fucile I, Fiordelisi A, Pilato E, Izzo R, Barbato E, Lembo M, Morisco C. Insulin Resistance and Vitamin D Deficiency: A Link Beyond the Appearances. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:859793. [PMID: 35369303 PMCID: PMC8968037 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.859793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D is a steroid hormone that plays a key role in the regulation of body homeostasis, including cardiovascular function. Although the chronic deficiency of vitamin D is associated with cardiovascular risk factors, as well as with an adverse prognosis, randomized controlled trials have failed in demonstrating that dietary vitamin D supplementation could ameliorate the prognosis of patients with cardiovascular diseases, and suggested that vitamin D deficiency is the expression of the effects of other determinants of cardiovascular risk. Thus, the supplementation of vitamin D is not sufficient to improve the cardiovascular risk profile and prognosis. Insulin resistance is a complex phenomenon that plays a key role in the pathogenesis of conventional cardiovascular risk factors. Interestingly, defects of vitamin D and insulin resistance have a superimposable epidemiological distribution. According to the common view, Insulin resistance is considered the direct or indirect consequence of vitamin D deficiency. However, it is also reasonable to speculate that the deficit or the impaired action of vitamin D, in some circumstances, could be the result of the same pathogenic mechanisms responsible of insulin resistance development. In this case, vitamin D deficiency could be considered an epiphenomenon of insulin resistance. Insulin resistance is a reversible condition, being possibly ameliorated by physical activity and hypocaloric diets. Notably, both physical exercise and energy-restricted dietary regimens are associated with an increase of vitamin D levels. These findings indicate that improving insulin resistance condition is a necessary step to ameliorate vitamin D supplementation-based strategies in cardiovascular prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Trimarco
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Virginia Manzi
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Costantino Mancusi
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Teresa Strisciuglio
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Ilaria Fucile
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonella Fiordelisi
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Emanuele Pilato
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele Izzo
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Emanuele Barbato
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Lembo
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- *Correspondence: Maria Lembo
| | - Carmine Morisco
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Anand C, Kranz RM, Husain S, Koeder C, Schoch N, Alzughayyar DK, Gellner R, Hengst K, Englert H. Bridging the gap between science and society: long-term effects of the Healthy Lifestyle Community Programme (HLCP, cohort 1) on weight and the metabolic risk profile: a controlled study. BMJ Nutr Prev Health 2022; 5:44-54. [PMID: 35814727 PMCID: PMC9237906 DOI: 10.1136/bmjnph-2021-000340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The potential of adopting a healthy lifestyle to fight non-communicable diseases (NCDs) is not fully used. We hypothesised that the Healthy Lifestyle Community Programme (HLCP, cohort 1) reduces weight and other risk markers compared with baseline and control. Methods 24-month, non-randomised, controlled intervention trial. Intervention: intensive 8-week phase with seminars, workshops and coaching focusing on a healthy lifestyle (eg, plant-based diet, physical activity, stress management) and group support followed by a 22-month alumni phase. Weight reduction as the primary outcome and other NCD risk parameters were assessed at six time points. Participants were recruited from the general population. Multiple linear regression analyses were conducted. Results 143 participants (58±12 years, 71% female) were enrolled (91 in the intervention (IG) and 52 in the control group (CG)). Groups’ baseline characteristics were comparable, except participants of IG were younger, more often females, overweight and reported lower energy intake (kcal/day). Weight significantly decreased in IG at all follow-ups by −1.5 ± 1.9 kg after 8 weeks to −1.9 ± 4.0 kg after 24 months and more than in CG (except after 24 months). Being male, in the IG or overweight at baseline and having a university degree predicted more weight loss. After the intervention, there were more participants in the IG with a ‘high’ adherence (+12%) to plant-based food patterns. The change of other risk parameters was most distinct after 8 weeks and in people at elevated risk. Diabetes-related risk parameters did not improve. Conclusion The HLCP was able to reduce weight and to improve aspects of the NCD risk profile. Weight loss in the IG was moderate but maintained for 24 months. Participants of lower educational status might benefit from even more practical units. Future interventions should aim to include more participants at higher risk. Trial registration number DRKS00018821.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinna Anand
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Muenster (WWU), Muenster, Germany
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Facilities, University of Applied Sciences Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Ragna-Marie Kranz
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Facilities, University of Applied Sciences Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Sarah Husain
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Facilities, University of Applied Sciences Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Christian Koeder
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Facilities, University of Applied Sciences Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Nora Schoch
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Facilities, University of Applied Sciences Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Dima-Karam Alzughayyar
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Facilities, University of Applied Sciences Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Reinhold Gellner
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Muenster (WWU), Muenster, Germany
| | - Karin Hengst
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Muenster (WWU), Muenster, Germany
| | - Heike Englert
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Facilities, University of Applied Sciences Muenster, Muenster, Germany
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Kohlbrenner D, von Moos S, Schmid-Mohler G. Criterion Validity and Test-Retest Reliability of a Modified Version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire–Short Form (IPAQ-SF) in Kidney Transplant Recipients. FRONTIERS IN REHABILITATION SCIENCES 2022; 3:808476. [PMID: 36189067 PMCID: PMC9397873 DOI: 10.3389/fresc.2022.808476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Accelerometry, the clinically valued standard of physical activity monitoring, has limited acceptance in transplantation rehabilitation; therefore, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) self-report instrument is widely used. However, while the IPAQ's repeatability is good, its criterion validity is unsatisfactory. We hypothesized that adding a concise oral introduction would help overcome this shortfall. Materials and Methods This is a secondary analysis of a RCT in a sample of kidney transplant recipients that underwent observational follow-up. We assessed criterion validity of our modified version of the four-item IPAQ–Short Form (mIPAQ–SF) via Pearson, and test-retest reliability via intraclass correlation coefficients. The main difference in the new version is an oral pre-measurement introduction to the questionnaire's concepts. We compared our results with those of published studies. Results Post-kidney-transplantation data of 92 patients were analyzed. Across the four IPAQ-SF/mIPAQ–SF items, values of correlations between mIPAQ-SF responses and accelerometry records ranged from 0.07 (min in vigorous activity) to 0.35 (min in moderate activity) for criterion validity, and from 0.19 (days with moderate activity) to 0.58 (min in moderate activity) for test-retest reliability. Discussion Regarding moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, mIPAQ-SF self-reports' correlations to accelerometry records improved considerably on those of the IPAQ-SF (r = 0.18 vs. r = 0.33), i.e., improved criterion validity. We therefore conclude that a pre-measurement oral explanation of key IPAQ-SF/mIPAQ concepts enhances criterion validity regarding self-reported moderate-to-vigorous physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Kohlbrenner
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Pulmonology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Seraina von Moos
- Division of Nephrology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gabriela Schmid-Mohler
- Division of Nephrology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Center of Clinical Nursing Science, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Gabriela Schmid-Mohler
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141
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Roell L, Maurus I, Keeser D, Karali T, Papazov B, Hasan A, Schmitt A, Papazova I, Lembeck M, Hirjak D, Sykorova E, Thieme CE, Muenz S, Seitz V, Greska D, Campana M, Wagner E, Loehrs L, Stoecklein S, Ertl-Wagner B, Poemsl J, Roeh A, Malchow B, Keller-Varady K, Meyer-Lindenberg A, Falkai P. Association between aerobic fitness and the functional connectome in patients with schizophrenia. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2022; 272:1253-1272. [PMID: 35488054 PMCID: PMC9508005 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-022-01411-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizophrenia is accompanied by widespread alterations in static functional connectivity associated with symptom severity and cognitive deficits. Improvements in aerobic fitness have been demonstrated to ameliorate symptomatology and cognition in people with schizophrenia, but the intermediary role of macroscale connectivity patterns remains unknown. OBJECTIVE Therefore, we aim to explore the relation between aerobic fitness and the functional connectome in individuals with schizophrenia. Further, we investigate clinical and cognitive relevance of the identified fitness-connectivity links. METHODS Patients diagnosed with schizophrenia were included in this cross-sectional resting-state fMRI analysis. Multilevel Bayesian partial correlations between aerobic fitness and functional connections across the whole brain as well as between static functional connectivity patterns and clinical and cognitive outcome were performed. Preliminary causal inferences were enabled based on mediation analyses. RESULTS Static functional connectivity between the subcortical nuclei and the cerebellum as well as between temporal seeds mediated the attenuating relation between aerobic fitness and total symptom severity. Functional connections between cerebellar seeds affected the positive link between aerobic fitness and global cognition, while the functional interplay between central and limbic seeds drove the beneficial association between aerobic fitness and emotion recognition. CONCLUSION The current study provides first insights into the interactions between aerobic fitness, the functional connectome and clinical and cognitive outcome in people with schizophrenia, but causal interpretations are preliminary. Further interventional aerobic exercise studies are needed to replicate the current findings and to enable conclusive causal inferences. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study which the manuscript is based on is registered in the International Clinical Trials Database (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier [NCT number]: NCT03466112) and in the German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS-ID: DRKS00009804).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Roell
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nussbaumstrasse 7, 80336, Munich, Germany. .,NeuroImaging Core Unit Munich (NICUM), University Hospital LMU, Munich, Germany.
| | - Isabel Maurus
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nussbaumstrasse 7, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Keeser
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nussbaumstrasse 7, 80336 Munich, Germany ,grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XDepartment of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany ,grid.411095.80000 0004 0477 2585NeuroImaging Core Unit Munich (NICUM), University Hospital LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Temmuz Karali
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nussbaumstrasse 7, 80336 Munich, Germany ,grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XDepartment of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany ,grid.411095.80000 0004 0477 2585NeuroImaging Core Unit Munich (NICUM), University Hospital LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Boris Papazov
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XDepartment of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Alkomiet Hasan
- grid.7307.30000 0001 2108 9006Department of Psychiatry and Psychosomatics of the University Augsburg, Bezirkskrankenhaus Augsburg, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Schmitt
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nussbaumstrasse 7, 80336 Munich, Germany ,grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Laboratory of Neuroscience (LIM27), Institute of Psychiatry, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Irina Papazova
- grid.7307.30000 0001 2108 9006Department of Psychiatry and Psychosomatics of the University Augsburg, Bezirkskrankenhaus Augsburg, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Moritz Lembeck
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nussbaumstrasse 7, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Dusan Hirjak
- grid.7700.00000 0001 2190 4373Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eliska Sykorova
- grid.7700.00000 0001 2190 4373Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Cristina E. Thieme
- grid.7700.00000 0001 2190 4373Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Susanne Muenz
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nussbaumstrasse 7, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Valentina Seitz
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nussbaumstrasse 7, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - David Greska
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nussbaumstrasse 7, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Mattia Campana
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nussbaumstrasse 7, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Elias Wagner
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nussbaumstrasse 7, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Lisa Loehrs
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nussbaumstrasse 7, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Sophia Stoecklein
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XDepartment of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Birgit Ertl-Wagner
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XDepartment of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany ,grid.42327.300000 0004 0473 9646Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Johannes Poemsl
- grid.15474.330000 0004 0477 2438Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Technical University of Munich, University Hospital ‘Klinikum Rechts Der Isar’, Munich, Germany
| | - Astrid Roeh
- grid.7307.30000 0001 2108 9006Department of Psychiatry and Psychosomatics of the University Augsburg, Bezirkskrankenhaus Augsburg, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Berend Malchow
- grid.411984.10000 0001 0482 5331Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Katriona Keller-Varady
- grid.492118.70000 0004 0619 212XHannover Medical School, Institute of Sports Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg
- grid.7700.00000 0001 2190 4373Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Falkai
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nussbaumstrasse 7, 80336 Munich, Germany
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142
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Anand C, Hengst K, Gellner R, Englert H. Eight Weeks of Lifestyle Change: What are the Effects of the Healthy Lifestyle Community Programme (Cohort 1) on Cortisol Awakening Response (CAR) and Perceived Stress? CHRONIC STRESS 2022; 6:24705470221099206. [PMID: 36187212 PMCID: PMC9523833 DOI: 10.1177/24705470221099206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: Stress and cortisol dysregulation are linked to NCDs. Moreover, stress favours unhealthy lifestyle patterns, which increase the risk for NCDs. The role of the Cortisol Awakening Response (CAR) and the effect of lifestyle interventions on the same remain unclear. Methods: The impact of the intensive 8-week phase of the Healthy Lifestyle Community Programme (HLCP, cohort 1) on parameters of the CAR, ie cortisol values 0 (sample [S]1), 30), 45 and 60 minutes post-awakening, average peak, S1-peak delta and area under the increase curve (AUCI), and perceived stress levels (PSL) was evaluated in a non-randomized, controlled trial. Covariates of the CAR (eg sleep measures) and irregularities in sampling were assessed. The intervention focussed on stress management, a healthy diet, regular exercise, and social support. Participants were recruited from the general population. Multiple linear regression analyses were conducted. Results: 97 participants (age: 56 ± 10 years; 71% female), with 68 in the intervention group (IG; age: 55 ± 8, 77% female) and 29 participants in the control group (CG; age: 59 ± 12, 59% female), were included in the analysis. The baseline characteristics of both groups were comparable, except participants of IG were younger. On average, the PSL at baseline was low in both groups (IG: 9.7 ± 5.4 points; CG: 8.5 ± 6.9 points; p = .165), but 22% (n = 15) in the IG and 20% (n = 6) in the CG reported a high PSL. Most participants reported irregularities in CAR sampling, eg interruption of sleep (IG: 80% CG: 81%). After 8 weeks, most CAR parameters and the PSL decreased in the IG and CG, resulting in no differences of change between the groups. In the IG only, a decrease of PSL was linked to an increase of CAR parameters, eg AUCI (correlation coefficient = −0.307; p = .017). Conclusion: The HLCP may potentially reduce PSL and change the CAR, but results cannot be clearly attributed to the programme. Methodological challenges and multiple confounders, limit suitability of the CAR in the context of lifestyle interventions. Other measures (eg hair-cortisol) may give further insights. Trial registration: German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS); DRKS00018821; www.drks.de
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinna Anand
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Muenster (WWU), Muenster
- Department of Food Nutrition Facilities, University of Applied Sciences Muenster, Muenster
| | - Karin Hengst
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Muenster (WWU), Muenster
| | | | - Heike Englert
- Department of Food Nutrition Facilities, University of Applied Sciences Muenster, Muenster
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143
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Vogel O, Niederer D, Vogt L. Multimodal Exercise Effects in Older Adults Depend on Sleep, Movement Biography, and Habitual Physical Activity: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:722799. [PMID: 34744686 PMCID: PMC8570408 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.722799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The promotion of healthy aging is one of the major challenges for healthcare systems in current times. The present study investigates the effects of a standardized physical activity intervention for older adults on cognitive capacity, self-reported health, fear of falls, balance, leg strength and gait under consideration of movement biography, sleep duration, and current activity behavior. Methods: This single-blinded, randomized controlled trial included 49 community-dwelling older adults (36 women; 82.9 ± 4.5 years of age (Mean [M] ± SD); intervention group = 25; control group = 24). Movement biography, sleep duration, cognitive capacity, self-reported health status, and fear of falls were assessed by means of questionnaires. Leg strength, gait, and current activity levels were captured using a pressure plate, accelerometers, and conducting the functional-reach and chair-rising-test. The multicomponent intervention took place twice a week for 45 min and lasted 16 weeks. Sub-cohorts of different sleep duration were formed to distinguish between intervention effects and benefits of healthy sleep durations. Change scores were evaluated in univariate analyses of covariances (ANCOVAs) between groups and sub-cohorts of different sleep duration in both groups. Changes in cognitive capacity, self-reported health, fear of falls, balance, leg strength, and gait were investigated using the respective baseline values, movement biography, and current activity levels as covariates. Analysis was by intention-to-treat (ITT). Results: We found sub-cohort differences in cognitive capacity change scores [F (3,48) = 5.498, p = 0.003, ηp 2 = 0.287]. Effects on fear of falls [F (1,48) = 12.961, p = 0.001, ηp 2 = 0.240] and balance change scores F (1,48) = 4.521, p = 0.040, ηp 2 = (0.099) were modified by the level of current activity. Effects on gait cadence were modified by the movement biography [F (1,48) = 4.545; p = 0.039, ηp 2 = 0.100]. Conclusions: Unlike for functional outcomes, our multicomponent intervention in combination with adequate sleep duration appears to provide combinable beneficial effects for cognitive capacity in older adults. Trainability of gait, fear of falls, and flexibility seems to be affected by movement biography and current physical activity levels. Trial registration: This study was registered at the DRKS (German Clinical Trials Register) on November 11, 2020 with the corresponding trial number: DRKS00020472.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Vogel
- Department of Sports Medicine and Exercise Physiology, Institute of Sports Sciences, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Daniel Niederer
- Department of Sports Medicine and Exercise Physiology, Institute of Sports Sciences, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Lutz Vogt
- Department of Sports Medicine and Exercise Physiology, Institute of Sports Sciences, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
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144
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Technology and Human Connection to Prevent Diabetes in Rural United States. J Nurse Pract 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nurpra.2021.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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145
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Osteoarthrosis. TOPICS IN GERIATRIC REHABILITATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1097/tgr.0000000000000329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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146
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Bohlen LC, Emerson JA, Rhodes RE, Williams DM. A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of the Outcome Expectancy Construct in Physical Activity Research. Ann Behav Med 2021; 56:658-672. [PMID: 34491296 DOI: 10.1093/abm/kaab083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognition-based theories dominate physical activity (PA) research, and many include a construct broadly defined as "beliefs about the consequences of behavior" (e.g., outcome expectancies, perceived benefits) hereafter referred to as perceived consequences. PURPOSE With the quantity of available research on this topic, it is important to examine whether the literature supports perceived consequences as a predictor of PA. METHODS A meta-analysis examining longitudinal associations between perceived consequences and PA in adults was conducted. Studies were eligible if (a) perceived consequences were measured at a time point prior to PA, and (b) the target behavior was a form of PA. An omnibus meta-analysis estimating the mean effect of all included studies, and separate meta-analyses for perceived consequences content categories were conducted. RESULTS This search yielded 6,979 articles, of these, 110 studies met inclusion criteria. Studies were published between 1989 and 2020, with sample sizes ranging from 16 to 2,824. All studies were evaluated as moderate to high quality. A small positive bivariate association was identified (r = 0.11; 95% CI [0.09, 0.13]) between perceived consequences and PA. Significant associations were identified for time, health, self-evaluative, psychological, and affective consequences. There was no association between perceived weight-related consequences and PA. CONCLUSIONS The findings emphasize the variability with which existing studies have examined perceived consequences in the PA literature. Future research might examine whether these are important distinctions for understanding PA. Overall, the results suggest utility in examining perceived consequences as a predictor of PA, but constructs with more robust associations may require priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Connell Bohlen
- Brown University School of Public Health, Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, 121 S Main St., Providence, RI 02906, USA
| | - Jessica A Emerson
- Brown University School of Public Health, Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, 121 S Main St., Providence, RI 02906, USA.,Miriam Hospital, Center for Weight Control and Diabetes Research , Providence, RI, USA
| | - Ryan E Rhodes
- University of Victoria, Department of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - David M Williams
- Brown University School of Public Health, Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, 121 S Main St., Providence, RI 02906, USA
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147
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Pedlar CR, Myrissa K, Barry M, Khwaja IG, Simpkin AJ, Newell J, Scarrott C, Whyte GP, Kipps C, Baggish AL. Medical encounters at community-based physical activity events (parkrun) in the UK. Br J Sports Med 2021; 55:1420-1426. [PMID: 34348921 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2021-104256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the incidence, clinical correlates and exposure risk of medical encounters during community-based physical activity events in the UK. METHODS An analysis of medical data from weekly, community-based physical activity events (parkrun) at 702 UK locations over a 6-year period (29 476 294 participations between 2014 and 2019) was conducted in order to define the incidence and clinical correlates of serious life-threatening, non-life-threatening and fatal medical encounters. RESULTS 84 serious life-threatening encounters (overall incidence rate=0.26/100 000 participations) occurred including 18 fatalities (0.056/100 000 participations). Statistical modelling revealed that the probabilities of serious life-threatening encounters were exceptionally low, however, male sex, increasing age, slower personal best parkrun time and less prior running engagement/experience (average number of runs per year and number of years as a parkrun participant) were associated with increased probability of serious life-threatening encounters. These were largely accounted for by cardiac arrest (48/84, 57%) and acute coronary syndromes (20/84, 24%). Non-life-threatening medical encounters were mainly attributed to tripping or falling, with a reported incidence of 39.2/100 000 participations. CONCLUSIONS Serious life-threatening and fatal medical encounters associated with parkrun participation are extremely rare. In the context of a global public health crisis due to inactivity, this finding underscores the safety and corollary public health value of community running/walking events as a strategy to promote physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles R Pedlar
- Faculty of Sport and Applied Performance Science, St Mary's University Twickenham, Twickenham, UK .,Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Kyriaki Myrissa
- Faculty of Sport and Applied Performance Science, St Mary's University Twickenham, Twickenham, UK
| | - Megan Barry
- Faculty of Sport and Applied Performance Science, St Mary's University Twickenham, Twickenham, UK
| | - Iman G Khwaja
- Faculty of Sport and Applied Performance Science, St Mary's University Twickenham, Twickenham, UK
| | - Andrew J Simpkin
- School of Mathematics, Statistics and Applied Mathematics, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - John Newell
- School of Mathematics, Statistics and Applied Mathematics, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Carl Scarrott
- School of Mathematics, Statistics and Applied Mathematics, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Greg P Whyte
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Courtney Kipps
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Aaron L Baggish
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Cardiovascular Performance Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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148
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Badau D, Badau A, Trambitas C, Trambitas-Miron D, Moraru R, Stan AA, Oancea BM, Turcu I, Grosu EF, Grosu VT, Daina LG, Daina CM, Suteu CL, Moraru L. Differences between Active and Semi-Active Students Regarding the Parameters of Body Composition Using Bioimpedance and Magnetic Bioresonance Technologies. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18157906. [PMID: 34360200 PMCID: PMC8345541 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18157906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to identify differences in obesity-related parameters between active sports students and semi-active or sedentary students, differentiated by sex, in order to optimize health. The study sample included 286 students, of which the male experimental sample consisted of 86 active sports students, age X ± SD 21.25 ± 0.32 years; height X ± SD 181.08 ± 3.52 cm; control group consisting of 89 semi-active students aged X ± SD 21.07 ± 0.1.13 years; height X ± SD 182.11 ± 1.32. The female experimental sample includes 57 active sports students, age X ± SD 21.02 ± 0.92 years; height X ± SD 167.48 ± 1.34 cm; the control group includes 54 semi-active students aged X ± SD 21.57 ± 0.1.98 years; height X ± SD 168.42 ± 1.76. The study used a thalliometer, Tanita Health Ware software and Quantum Resonance Magnetic Analyzer equipment to investigate height (cm), Body Mass Index (BMI), muscle mass (kg, %), as well as the obesity analysis report, and componential analysis of body and nourishment. The differences registered between the samples of active and semi-active sports subjects were predominantly statistically significant for p < 0.05. The differences registered between the samples of active and semi-active sports subjects were predominantly statistically significant for p < 0.05. The most important parameters regarding obesity and body composition that registered significant differences between the two male groups were in favor of the group of active athletes: triglyceride content of abnormal coefficient 0.844 (CI95% 0.590–1.099), abnormal lipid metabolism coefficient 0.798 (CI95% 1.091–0.504), obesity degree of body (ODB %) 10.290 (CI95% 6.610–13.970), BMI 2.326 (CI95% 1.527–3.126), body fat (kg) 2.042 (CI95% 0.918–3.166), muscle volume (kg) 2.565 (CI95% 1.100–4.031), Lean body weight (kg) 2.841 (CI95% 5.265–0.418). In the case of female samples, the group of active sportswomen registered the biggest differences compared to the group of students who were significantly active in the parameters: abnormal lipid metabolism coefficient 1.063 (CI95% 1.380–0.746), triglyceride content of abnormal coefficient 0.807 (CI95% 0.437–1.178), obesity degree of body (ODB%) 8.082 (CI95% 2.983–13.181), BMI 2.285 (CI95% 1.247–3.324), body fat (kg) 2.586 (CI95% 0.905–4.267), muscle volume (kg) 2.570 (CI95% 0.154–4.985), lean body weight (kg) 4.118 (CI95% 1.160–7.077). The results of the study directly facilitate the understanding of the complexity of the impact of obesity on multiple parameters of body composition and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Badau
- “Petru Maior” Faculty of Sciences and Letters, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania;
| | - Adela Badau
- “Petru Maior” Faculty of Sciences and Letters, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania;
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (C.T.)
| | - Cristian Trambitas
- Faculty of Medicine, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania; (D.T.-M.); (R.M.); (A.A.S.); (L.M.)
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (C.T.)
| | - Dia Trambitas-Miron
- Faculty of Medicine, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania; (D.T.-M.); (R.M.); (A.A.S.); (L.M.)
| | - Raluca Moraru
- Faculty of Medicine, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania; (D.T.-M.); (R.M.); (A.A.S.); (L.M.)
| | - Alexandru Antoniu Stan
- Faculty of Medicine, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania; (D.T.-M.); (R.M.); (A.A.S.); (L.M.)
| | - Bogdan Marian Oancea
- Faculty of Physical Education and Mountain Sports, Transilvania University, 500068 Brasov, Romania; (B.M.O.); (I.T.)
| | - Ioan Turcu
- Faculty of Physical Education and Mountain Sports, Transilvania University, 500068 Brasov, Romania; (B.M.O.); (I.T.)
| | - Emilia Florina Grosu
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, “Babes Bolyai” University, 540142 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Vlad Teodor Grosu
- Faculty of Automotive Mechatronics and Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 400114 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Lucia Georgeta Daina
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania; (L.G.D.); (C.M.D.); (C.L.S.)
| | - Cristian Marius Daina
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania; (L.G.D.); (C.M.D.); (C.L.S.)
| | - Corina Lacramioara Suteu
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania; (L.G.D.); (C.M.D.); (C.L.S.)
| | - Liviu Moraru
- Faculty of Medicine, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania; (D.T.-M.); (R.M.); (A.A.S.); (L.M.)
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149
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Jimeno-Almazán A, Pallarés JG, Buendía-Romero Á, Martínez-Cava A, Franco-López F, Sánchez-Alcaraz Martínez BJ, Bernal-Morel E, Courel-Ibáñez J. Post-COVID-19 Syndrome and the Potential Benefits of Exercise. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:5329. [PMID: 34067776 PMCID: PMC8156194 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18105329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, is leading to unknown and unusual health conditions that are challenging to manage. Post-COVID-19 syndrome is one of those challenges, having become increasingly common as the pandemic evolves. The latest estimates suggest that 10 to 20% of the SARS-CoV-2 patients who undergo an acute symptomatic phase are experiencing effects of the disease beyond 12 weeks after diagnosis. Although research is beginning to examine this new condition, there are still serious concerns about the diagnostic identification, which limits the best therapeutic approach. Exercise programs and physical activity levels are well-known modulators of the clinical manifestations and prognosis in many chronic diseases. This narrative review summarizes the up-to-date evidence on post-COVID-19 syndrome to contribute to a better knowledge of the disease and explains how regular exercise may improve many of these symptoms and could reduce the long-term effects of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaya Jimeno-Almazán
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Santa Lucía, Cartagena, 30202 Murcia, Spain;
- Human Performance & Sport Sciences Laboratory, University of Murcia, 30720 Murcia, Spain; (J.G.P.); (Á.B.-R.); (A.M.-C.); (F.F.-L.)
| | - Jesús G. Pallarés
- Human Performance & Sport Sciences Laboratory, University of Murcia, 30720 Murcia, Spain; (J.G.P.); (Á.B.-R.); (A.M.-C.); (F.F.-L.)
| | - Ángel Buendía-Romero
- Human Performance & Sport Sciences Laboratory, University of Murcia, 30720 Murcia, Spain; (J.G.P.); (Á.B.-R.); (A.M.-C.); (F.F.-L.)
| | - Alejandro Martínez-Cava
- Human Performance & Sport Sciences Laboratory, University of Murcia, 30720 Murcia, Spain; (J.G.P.); (Á.B.-R.); (A.M.-C.); (F.F.-L.)
| | - Francisco Franco-López
- Human Performance & Sport Sciences Laboratory, University of Murcia, 30720 Murcia, Spain; (J.G.P.); (Á.B.-R.); (A.M.-C.); (F.F.-L.)
| | | | - Enrique Bernal-Morel
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Reina Sofía, University of Murcia, IMIB, 30003 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Javier Courel-Ibáñez
- Human Performance & Sport Sciences Laboratory, University of Murcia, 30720 Murcia, Spain; (J.G.P.); (Á.B.-R.); (A.M.-C.); (F.F.-L.)
- Department of Physical Training, Post-COVID-19 Rehabilitation Unit, Hospital QuirónSalud, 30011 Murcia, Spain
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