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Byrne C, Salas CE, Coetzer R, Ramsey R. Understanding Loneliness in Brain Injury: Linking the Reaffiliation Motive Model of Loneliness With a Model of Executive Impairment. Front Integr Neurosci 2022; 16:883746. [PMID: 35910336 PMCID: PMC9329811 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2022.883746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Byrne
- School of Human Behavioural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, United Kingdom
- North Wales Brain Injury Service, Colwyn Bay Hospital, Colwyn Bay, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Christopher Byrne
| | - Christian E. Salas
- Centre for Research in Human Neuroscience and Neuropsychology, Faculty of Psychology, Diego Portales University, Santiago, Chile
- Clinical Neuropsychology Unit, Faculty of Psychology, Diego Portales University, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rudi Coetzer
- School of Human Behavioural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, United Kingdom
- College of Human and Health Sciences, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
- The Disabilities Trust, Wakefield, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Ramsey
- Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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102
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Cong T, Hall AJ, Jia Z, Christiano A, Elsevier HCK, Cheung ZB, Wellman D, Forsh D, Lane JM. Conceptualizing Biological Aging and Frailty in Orthopaedics: A Framework for Clinical Practice. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2022; 104:1212-1222. [PMID: 35275895 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.21.01053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
➤ Biological aging can best be conceptualized clinically as a combination of 3 components: frailty, comorbidity, and disability. ➤ Despite advancements in the understanding of senescence, chronological age remains the best estimate of biological age. However, a useful exercise for practitioners is to look beyond chronological age in clinical and surgical decision-making. ➤ A chronologically aging person does not age biologically at the same rate. ➤ The best way to understand frailty is to consider it as a physical phenotype. ➤ Physical optimization should parallel medical optimization before elective surgery. ➤ The poorer the host (both in terms of bone quality and propensity for healing), the more robust the implant construct must be to minimize reliance on host biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Cong
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY
| | - Arielle J Hall
- Rowan School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, New Jersey
| | - Zhimeng Jia
- Temmy Latner Centre for Palliative Care, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anthony Christiano
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hennepin Healthcare, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Hannah C K Elsevier
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Zoe B Cheung
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California Davis, Davis, California
| | - David Wellman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Westchester Medical Center, Westchester, New York
| | - David Forsh
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY
| | - Joseph M Lane
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY
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Olano-Lizarraga M, Wallström S, Martín-Martín J, Wolf A. Causes, experiences and consequences of the impact of chronic heart failure on the person´s social dimension: A scoping review. HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE IN THE COMMUNITY 2022; 30:e842-e858. [PMID: 34918403 DOI: 10.1111/hsc.13680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Chronic heart failure (CHF) is a progressive and disabling condition that significantly impacts patients' daily lives. One of its effects is decreased opportunities to participate in social life, leading to reduced social interaction, loneliness, social isolation and lack of social support to continue with their daily life activities. This study aimed to explore the causes, experiences, and consequences of the impact of CHF on the social dimension of the person. According to the Arksey & O'Malley method, a scoping review of the literature was conducted to examine existing knowledge in the area, summarise existing evidence and identify gaps in the literature. The search was conducted in the PubMed, CINAHL, PsychINFO, Scopus, and Web of Science databases from January 2010 to November 2021. Twenty-six articles were identified. The reasons why CHF influences the social dimension of the person were multifactorial and related to physical aspects, sociodemographics, lifestyle changes and the feelings experienced by these patients. Social relationships play a key role, and the benefits of good social relationships and the impact of poor or inadequate social support were identified. Furthermore, the influence of alterations in the social dimension on the CHF patient's clinical outcomes was described. This approach will help to detect and better understand the bidirectional influence that exists in each person between social isolation, relationships, and support life experiences, self-care activities, and morbi-mortality rates. These findings have shown the importance of detecting higher-risk groups and systematically assessing factors related to the social dimension in all patients with CHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maddi Olano-Lizarraga
- School of Nursing, Adult Nursing Care, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Innovation for a Person-Centred Care Research Group (ICCP-UNAV), Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Sara Wallström
- Institute of Health and Care Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- University of Gothenburg Centre for Person-Centred Care (GPCC), University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jesús Martín-Martín
- School of Nursing, Adult Nursing Care, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Innovation for a Person-Centred Care Research Group (ICCP-UNAV), Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Axel Wolf
- Institute of Health and Care Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- University of Gothenburg Centre for Person-Centred Care (GPCC), University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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104
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Gabrielian S, Koosis ER, Cohenmehr J, Hellemann G, Tuepker A, Green MF, Vazzano JK, Young AS. Factors associated with recovery from homelessness among veterans in permanent supportive housing. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 50:2144-2162. [PMID: 34862803 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
AIMS We sought to identify person- and program-level factors distinguishing permanent supportive housing (PSH) residents with higher versus lower social integration; and higher versus lower instrumental functioning. METHODS Among 60 PSH residents at Los Angeles' VA, surveys and medical records captured person-level factors. Using a median split, we dichotomized participants with higher versus lower social integration; and higher versus lower instrumental functioning. Recursive partitioning (RP) identified variables that best-differentiated these subgroups. Interviews with 26 participants captured their perceptions on social integration and instrumental functioning. RESULTS Using RP, health-related quality of life, psychiatric symptoms and case management frequency best-differentiated the social integration subgroups. Few perceived that PSH affected social integration. RP did not yield a stable model to differentiate the instrumental functioning subgroups; participants perceived that PSH addressed most functional deficits. CONCLUSIONS Services that enhance social integration may benefit PSH residents with poor health; existing services may adequately address instrumental functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonya Gabrielian
- Desert Pacific Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Greater Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, VA Greater Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ella R Koosis
- Desert Pacific Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Greater Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jennifer Cohenmehr
- Department of Psychiatry, VA Greater Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Gerhard Hellemann
- Desert Pacific Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Greater Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Anaïs Tuepker
- VA HSR&D Center to Improve Veteran Involvement in Care, VA Portland Health Care, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Michael F Green
- Desert Pacific Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Greater Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jesse K Vazzano
- Care Management and Social Work, VA Western Colorado Health Care System, Grand Junction, Colorado, USA
| | - Alexander S Young
- Desert Pacific Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Greater Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, VA Greater Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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105
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Lee S, Ma C, Zhang S, Ou FS, Bainter TM, Niedzwiecki D, Saltz LB, Mayer RJ, Whittom R, Hantel A, Benson A, Atienza D, Kindler H, Gross CP, Irwin ML, Meyerhardt JA, Fuchs CS. Marital Status, Living Arrangement, and Cancer Recurrence and Survival in Patients with Stage III Colon Cancer: Findings from CALGB 89803 (Alliance). Oncologist 2022; 27:e494-e505. [PMID: 35641198 PMCID: PMC9177101 DOI: 10.1093/oncolo/oyab070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited and conflicting findings have been reported regarding the association between social support and colorectal cancer (CRC) outcomes. We sought to assess the influences of marital status and living arrangement on survival outcomes among patients with stage III colon cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS We conducted a secondary analysis of 1082 patients with stage III colon cancer prospectively followed in the CALGB 89803 randomized adjuvant chemotherapy trial. Marital status and living arrangement were both self-reported at the time of enrollment as, respectively, married, divorced, separated, widowed, or never-married, and living alone, with a spouse or partner, with other family, in a nursing home, or other. RESULTS Over a median follow-up of 7.6 years, divorced/separated/widowed patients experienced worse outcomes relative to those married regarding disease free-survival (DFS) (hazards ratio (HR), 1.44 (95% CI, 1.14-1.81); P =.002), recurrence-free survival (RFS) (HR, 1.35 (95% CI, 1.05-1.73); P = .02), and overall survival (OS) (HR, 1.40 (95% CI, 1.08-1.82); P =.01); outcomes were not significantly different for never-married patients. Compared to patients living with a spouse/partner, those living with other family experienced a DFS of 1.47 (95% CI, 1.02-2.11; P = .04), RFS of 1.34 (95% CI, 0.91-1.98; P = .14), and OS of 1.50 (95% CI, 1.00-2.25; P =.05); patients living alone did not experience significantly different outcomes. CONCLUSION Among patients with stage III colon cancer who received uniform treatment and follow-up within a nationwide randomized clinical trial, being divorced/separated/widowed and living with other family were significantly associated with greater colon cancer mortality. Interventions enhancing social support services may be clinically relevant for this patient population. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00003835.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chao Ma
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sui Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fang-Shu Ou
- Alliance Statistics and Data Management Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Tiffany M Bainter
- Alliance Statistics and Data Management Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Donna Niedzwiecki
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Robert J Mayer
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber/Partners CancerCare, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Alexander Hantel
- Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine, Naperville, IL, USA
| | - Al Benson
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Hedy Kindler
- University of Chicago Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Cary P Gross
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Jeffrey A Meyerhardt
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber/Partners CancerCare, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Charles S Fuchs
- Yale Cancer Center, Smilow Cancer Hospital and Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
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106
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Yu B, Steptoe A, Chen Y. Social isolation, loneliness, and all-cause mortality: A cohort study of 35,254 Chinese older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc 2022; 70:1717-1725. [PMID: 35229887 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.17708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies of social isolation, loneliness and associations with all-cause mortality in older adults have been conducted in non-Western countries. The aim of this study was to conduct such an analysis in a nationally representative sample of Chinese older adults. METHODS This study used eight waves of data from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey from 1998 to 2018 and focused on participants aged ≥60 years. A total of 21,570 people died (61.2%) over a median follow-up of 4.8 years. Social isolation, loneliness, demographic, health and lifestyle factors were measured at baseline. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to examine the associations of isolation and loneliness with all-cause mortality. RESULTS This study included 35,254 participants with mean age of 86.63 ± 11.39 years. Social isolation was significantly associated with an increased mortality (adjusted HR 1.22; 95% CI 1.18-1.25; p < 0.01). The association of loneliness with mortality was nonsignificant after adjustment for health indicators and low psychological well-being (HR 1.01; 95% CI 0.98-1.04; p = 0.69). However, when stratified by age, there was a significant association of loneliness with mortality among participants aged <80 years (HR 1.15; 95% CI 1.05-1.26; p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Social isolation was associated with an increased all-cause mortality among the older Chinese adults. However, loneliness was associated with an increased mortality only among younger participants. Public health interventions aimed at increasing social connectedness may potentially reduce excess mortality among older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yu
- Institute of Applied Psychology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Andrew Steptoe
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Yongjie Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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107
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Soofizad G, Rakhshanderou S, Ramezankhani A, Ghaffari M. The Concept of Social Health From an Iranian Perspective: A Qualitative Exploration. Front Public Health 2022; 10:797777. [PMID: 35619809 PMCID: PMC9127504 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.797777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective As one of the health aspects, social health is less well-known than physical and mental aspects. In order to better understand this aspect and considering the importance of social context in its conceptualizing, the present study was performed aiming at explaining the social health and identification of its various aspects in the perspective of Iranian adults. Methodology The present study was conducted in 2021 with a qualitative approach and with the participation of Iranian adults and social health professionals. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 36 participants who were selected by purposive sampling. The obtained data were analyzed using qualitative (conventional) content analysis and Granheim and Lundman method in the MAXQDA-2020. Guba and Lincoln criteria were observed to evaluate the quality of research results. Results Using data analysis, 3 main categories and 17 subcategories were obtained, including: (1) Conceptual scope of social health (social health as social capital, social health as mental health, social health as moral health), (2) Characteristics of social health (biologic, continual, acquired, evolutionary, relative), and (3) Social health dimensions (openness to interactions, social adaptability, social dutifulness, social self-esteem, mutual trust, communicational capability, social optimism, enjoying social support, public-oriented personality). Conclusion Since social health has a conceptual scope, it is important to try to strengthen and reproduce the dimensions of social health and at the same time use planning, policymaking and appropriate interventions to improve and to promote the dimensions of social health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goli Soofizad
- Department of Public Health, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sakineh Rakhshanderou
- Department of Public Health, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Ramezankhani
- Department of Public Health, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohtasham Ghaffari
- Department of Public Health, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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108
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Giacco D. Tackling social isolation in people with psychosis: promising developments but need for conceptual clarity. J Ment Health 2022; 31:297-301. [PMID: 35599584 DOI: 10.1080/09638237.2022.2069725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Giacco
- Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
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109
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Ayling K, Jia R, Coupland C, Chalder T, Massey A, Broadbent E, Vedhara K. Psychological Predictors of Self-reported COVID-19 Outcomes: Results From a Prospective Cohort Study. Ann Behav Med 2022; 56:484-497. [PMID: 34979556 PMCID: PMC8755370 DOI: 10.1093/abm/kaab106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research has shown that psychological factors, such as stress and social support, are associated with greater susceptibility to viral respiratory illnesses and more severe symptoms. During the COVID-19 pandemic there has been a well-documented deterioration in psychological well-being and increased social isolation. This raises questions as to whether those experiencing psychological adversity during the pandemic are more at risk of contracting and/or experiencing COVID-19 symptoms. PURPOSE To examine the relationship between psychological factors and the risk of COVID-19 self-reported infection and the symptomatic experience of SARS-CoV-2 (indicated by the number and severity of symptoms). METHODS As part of a longitudinal prospective observational cohort study, 1,087 adults completed validated measures of psychological well-being during April 2020 and self-reported incidence of COVID-19 infection and symptom experience across the pandemic through to December 2020. Regression models were used to explore these relationships controlling for demographic and occupational factors. RESULTS Greater psychological distress during the early phase of the pandemic was significantly associated with subsequent self-reported SARS-CoV-2 infection as well as the experience of a greater number and more severe symptoms. CONCLUSIONS COVID-19 infection and symptoms may be more common among those experiencing elevated psychological distress. Further research to elucidate the mechanisms underlying these associations is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kieran Ayling
- Centre for Academic Primary Care, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, UK
| | - Ru Jia
- Centre for Academic Primary Care, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, UK
| | - Carol Coupland
- Centre for Academic Primary Care, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, UK
| | - Trudie Chalder
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Adam Massey
- Centre for Academic Primary Care, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, UK
| | - Elizabeth Broadbent
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Kavita Vedhara
- Centre for Academic Primary Care, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, UK
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110
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[Pre-post evaluation of an intergenerational program to improve wellbeing in older adults and age stereotypes in primary and secondary students: CRENCO project]. Rev Esp Geriatr Gerontol 2022; 57:161-167. [PMID: 35595657 DOI: 10.1016/j.regg.2022.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the CRENCO project which was carried out during the COVID-19 pandemic including intergenerational activities shared by students from primary and secondary education and users of two centers for older adults and a day hospital in Catalonia. The effectiveness was assessed in terms of well-being in older adults and on negative stereotypes about the elderly in primary and secondary students. METHODS Three interventions were carried out in which 32 older persons (9 users of centers for older adults and 23 of a day hospital), 99 primary students and 56 secondary students participated. Participants answered a questionnaire before and after the interventions. Through multilevel linear models for repeated measures, changes in feelings of loneliness, social support, anxiety and depressive symptoms, self-reported health and health-related quality of life were evaluated in older people. In primary and secondary students, changes in age stereotypes were evaluated. RESULTS Health-related quality of life and self-reported health improved statistically after the interventions in older persons. Users of the day hospital also reported an improvement in social support. Primary school students improved their age stereotypes; no statistically significant changes were detected in secondary students. CONCLUSION The results of the present study contribute to underlining the importance of intergenerational programs such as the one proposed by CRENCO, capable of improving well-being and providing a more realistic vision of the older adults. Our results suggest that these programs should be implemented during childhood in order to prevent the proliferation of ageist stereotypes in later life stages.
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111
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Associations of face-to-face and non-face-to-face social isolation with all-cause and cause-specific mortality: 13-year follow-up of the Guangzhou Biobank Cohort study. BMC Med 2022; 20:178. [PMID: 35501792 PMCID: PMC9059436 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02368-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although social isolation has been associated with a higher mortality risk, little is known about the potential different impacts of face-to-face and non-face-to-face isolation on mortality. We examined the prospective associations of four types of social isolation, including face-to-face isolation with co-inhabitants and non-co-inhabitants, non-face-to-face isolation, and club/organization isolation, with all-cause and cause-specific mortality separately. METHODS This prospective cohort study included 30,430 adults in Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study (GBCS), who were recruited during 2003-2008 and followed up till Dec 2019. RESULTS During an average of 13.2 years of follow-up, 4933 deaths occurred during 396,466 person-years. Participants who lived alone had higher risks of all-cause (adjusted hazard ratio (AHR) 1.24; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.04-1.49) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) (1.61; 1.20-2.03) mortality than those who had ≥ 3 co-habitant contact after adjustment for thirteen potential confounders. Compared with those who had ≥ 1 time/month non-co-inhabitant contact, those without such contact had higher risks of all-cause (1.60; 1.20-2.00) and CVD (1.91; 1.20-2.62) mortality. The corresponding AHR (95% CI) in participants without telephone/mail contact were 1.27 (1.14-1.42) for all-cause, 1.30 (1.08-1.56) for CVD, and 1.37 (1.12-1.67) for other-cause mortality. However, no association of club/organization contact with the above mortality and no association of all four types of isolation with cancer mortality were found. CONCLUSIONS In this cohort study, face-to-face and non-face-to-face isolation were both positively associated with all-cause, CVD-, and other-cause (but not cancer) mortality. Our finding suggests a need to promote non-face-to-face contact among middle-aged and older adults.
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112
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Campbell JK, Poage SM, Godley S, Rothman EF. Social Anxiety as a Consequence of Non-consensually Disseminated Sexually Explicit Media Victimization. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP7268-NP7288. [PMID: 33107385 DOI: 10.1177/0886260520967150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore consequences of the non-consensual dissemination of sexually explicit media (NCDSEM) for survivors, with an emphasis on how NCDSEM may impact social relationships and social anxiety. One-on-one telephone interviews with (N = 17) self-identified survivors of NCDSEM were conducted between May and December 2019. Interviews were analyzed using a flexible coding methodology. There were five main ways in which participants described consequences of NCDSEM: (a) fear of going out in public, (b) fear of engaging in relationships, (c) fear of applying to jobs, (d) fear of seeking help, and (e) influencing depression and feelings of anxiety. These findings suggest that, for some people, NCDSEM victimization may influence whether and how they subsequently socialize with other people.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sophie Godley
- Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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113
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The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Patients from a Bariatric Program: A Qualitative Analysis of Their Perceptions of Health and Well-Being. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10050780. [PMID: 35627916 PMCID: PMC9141578 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10050780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The study was conducted to explore the perceptions of patients from a bariatric program who have undergone or will undergo bariatric surgery during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, specifically as related to their struggles with health issues and their psychological well-being. Materials and Methods: We conducted semi-structured, in-depth interviews with nineteen pre- or post-bariatric patients to generate data on their perceptions of COVID-19. Consistent with the methods of constructivist grounded theory, we collected and analyzed data iteratively through a constant comparative process for data coding and develop themes in the transcripts. Results: We identified themes to summarize the pandemic-associated experiences of our cohort as follows: their life structure before COVID-19, the turning point with changes and adaptations, and the impact of isolation on psychological well-being. We identified grief due to loss of social contacts as well as physical and psychological health impairment as consequences of pandemic-related lifestyle changes. Most participants were not aware of overweight and obesity being major risk factors for worse outcomes of COVID-19. We developed a theme-based theory on patients’ perceptions and fears regarding the pandemic as they live through phases of grief. Discussion: Most participants shared critical perceptions about their own somatic and psychological health. These findings may inform recommendations and strategies for both patients and healthcare professionals to manage the challenges potentially presented by this vulnerable patient group in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Simpson E, Miller WC, Schmidt J, Borisoff J, Mortenson WB. The COVID-19 Pandemic Related Lived Experiences of Individuals With a Spinal Cord Injury/Disease. FRONTIERS IN REHABILITATION SCIENCES 2022; 3:834909. [PMID: 36188890 PMCID: PMC9397773 DOI: 10.3389/fresc.2022.834909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Introduction COVID-19 related restrictions and recommendations have impacted everyone. Those living with a disability, such as individuals with a spinal cord injury (SCI), may have had pandemic related changes made yet more challenging by societal failures to accommodate their mobility, physical abilities, and health care needs. To better understand participants experiences we drew upon Heidegger's phenomenology and the mobilities paradigm. The objective of this study was to explore COVID-19 pandemic related lived-experiences of individuals with an SCI. Materials and Methods This study used an interpretive phenomenological methodology. Semi-structured interviews were the primary means of data collection. These were conducting in May and June of 2020, roughly 2–3 months into the pandemic. Transcript data were analyzed using a phenomenological methodology. Results We interviewed 22 participants with SCI, the mean age was 54 years, and nine were females. We identified three themes: (1) Experiencing changes to mobility and daily life described how new rules had impacted everyday life and usual routines, particularly in regard to mobility. (2) Struggling with new challenges explored some of the negative experiences of the pandemic. (3) Being resilient in the face of a new normal conveyed the resilience participants exhibited despite challenges. Conclusion Although our findings indicate some positive changes and highlight the strengths that many individuals with SCI have, they also accentuate issues with ableism within the medical system. Certain changes were made primarily because people without disabilities needed them, and several COVID-19 changes were made without consulting individuals with disabilities. With physical movement restricted, our findings emphasize the importance of the movement of information and a need for increased dialogue with people in the SCI community about their ongoing pandemic related needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan Simpson
- Department of Occupational Science & Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- GF Strong Rehabilitation Research Program, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - William C. Miller
- Department of Occupational Science & Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- GF Strong Rehabilitation Research Program, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Julia Schmidt
- Department of Occupational Science & Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- GF Strong Rehabilitation Research Program, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jaimie Borisoff
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Rehabilitation Engineering Design, British Columbia Institute of Technology, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - W. Ben Mortenson
- Department of Occupational Science & Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- GF Strong Rehabilitation Research Program, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- *Correspondence: W. Ben Mortenson
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García-Prado A, González P, Rebollo-Sanz YF. Lockdown strictness and mental health effects among older populations in Europe. ECONOMICS AND HUMAN BIOLOGY 2022; 45:101116. [PMID: 35193043 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2022.101116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This paper investigates whether lockdown policies aggravated mental health problems of older populations (50 and over) in Europe during the first COVID-19 wave. Using data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE COVID-19 questionnaire) and from the Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker for 17 countries, we estimate the causal effect of lockdown policies on mental health by combining cross-country variability in the strictness of the policies with cross-individual variability in face-to-face contacts prior to the pandemic. We find that lockdown policies worsened insomnia, anxiety, and depression by 5, 7.2 and 5.1 percentage points, respectively. This effect was stronger for women and those aged between 50 and 65. Interestingly, lockdown policies notably damaged the mental health of healthy populations. We close with a discussion of lockdown policies targeted at individuals above 65 and/or with pre-existing conditions.
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Mamo SK, Wheeler KA, Plano Clark VL, Jacelon CS. A Mixed Methods Study of Hearing Loss, Communication, and Social Engagement in a Group Care Setting for Older Adults. PERSPECTIVES OF THE ASHA SPECIAL INTEREST GROUPS 2022; 7:592-609. [PMID: 36340585 PMCID: PMC9632268 DOI: 10.1044/2021_persp-21-00218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to characterize the communication needs of older adults in group care environments and understand the factors that foster engaged communication. METHOD This mixed methods study provides an in-depth analysis of communication and engagement for older adults at two Program for All-inclusive Care for the Elderly (PACE) sites. Seventy-two PACE participants (M age = 74 years) completed a hearing test, cognitive screener (MOST™), the Institute of Medicine (IOM) Measures of Social and Behavioral Determinants of Health Questionnaire, and the UCLA Loneliness Scale. Using maximum variation sampling based on hearing status and UCLA Loneliness scores, 19 participants were invited to do (and 11 participants completed) one-on-one semi-structured interviews. In addition, 35 staff members participated in 5 focus groups. Field observations were interspersed throughout the data collection period. RESULTS Results suggest that communication challenges such as hearing loss, cognitive decline, and social isolation are highly prevalent in this convenience sample. Sixty-seven percent have at least a mild hearing loss in the better hearing ear. Eighty-two percent scored in the "very" or "most isolated" range of the IOM Measures of Social and Behavioral Determinants of Health questionnaire. The mean score on the MOST™ cognitive screener was 17.6, which is below the dementia screening cutoff score of 18 points. A thematic analysis of the qualitative data suggests that the PACE programs support socialization and engagement. A conceptual framework was developed by integrating quantitative and qualitative findings to recognize what contributes to meaningful interactions or engaged communication. CONCLUSION Identifying communication challenges can enhance the benefits individuals can experience at care facilities and lessen the burden of the staff members trying to provide safe and effective care. In order to maximize the potential benefit of attending group-based day centers, the communication challenges and motivations of older adults need to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara K. Mamo
- Department of Communication Disorders, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA
| | - Kara A. Wheeler
- Department of Communication Disorders, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA
| | | | - Cynthia S. Jacelon
- Elaine Marieb College of Nursing, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA
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Moreno-Tamayo K, Juárez F, Manrique-Espinoza B, Mejía-Pailles G. The Relationship Between Social Isolation and Mortality Among Adults Aged 50 and Older in a 12-year Follow-Up Analysis in Mexico. Res Aging 2022; 44:758-769. [PMID: 35332824 DOI: 10.1177/01640275221078972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Social relationships have a complex nature shaped mainly by two dimensions: structure and function. Previous research raised the importance of considering both features simultaneously given that they may operate differently. However, research on social relationships and mortality mainly refers to European and U.S. populations. This study examines structural and functional features of social relationships to understand social isolation among adults aged 50 and older in Mexico. In addition, we analyze that association with mortality, using panel data from a 12-year follow-up from the Mexican Health and Aging Study (2003-2015). Results reveal that structural and functional features of social relationships are intertwined, and social isolation was shaped by two aspects that we label lack of socialization and being alone and feeling lonely. After controlling for a series of sociodemographic and health variables, Cox proportional hazard regression models indicate that both aspects significantly increase mortality among older adults in Mexico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Moreno-Tamayo
- Epidemiological and Health Service Research Unit, Aging Area, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Fatima Juárez
- Center for Demographic, Urban and Environmental Studies, 27738El Colegio de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Delegación Tlalpan, Mexico
| | - Betty Manrique-Espinoza
- Center for Evaluation Research and Surveys, 37764National Institute of Public Health, Mexico
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Damas OM, Kuftinec G, Khakoo NS, Morillo D, Quintero MA, Levitt J, Lopez J, Kerman DH, Abreu MT, Deshpande AR, Schwartz SJ, Palacio A. Social barriers influence inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) outcomes and disproportionally affect Hispanics and non-Hispanic Blacks with IBD. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2022; 15:17562848221079162. [PMID: 35356362 PMCID: PMC8958706 DOI: 10.1177/17562848221079162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of social determinants of health in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remains understudied. We evaluated the impact of social barriers on IBD outcomes within a diverse cohort of patients. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional study on adult IBD patients and assessed known social determinants of health. We calculated the total prevalence of these barriers in the sample as a whole and within each ethnic group. We summed the number of barriers present for each individual to create a cumulative social barrier score (SBS), and we evaluated the relationship of each barrier and of the cumulative SBS with IBD outcomes, including disease activity and depressive symptoms. RESULTS A total of 316 patients were included in the study. Disparities in the prevalence of social barriers emerged by ethnicity: non-Hispanic Blacks reported the greatest number of social barriers, followed by Hispanic patients. Prevalent social barriers included financial strains (38.4%), such as food insecurity, medical care delays (~30%), and low educational attainment (26.8%). Social barriers associated with poor IBD outcomes included low educational attainment, poor health literacy, and financial insecurity. High SBS was associated with greater depressive symptoms [odds ratio (OR) 1.94, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.21-2.9, p = 0.001] and lower reported use of medications. Greater ulcerative colitis (UC) disease activity was observed in patients with greater SBS. No associations were identified between SBS and IBD surgeries, hospitalizations, or disease location. CONCLUSION Our study identifies social barriers that may impact IBD care and are disproportionately higher in non-Hispanic Blacks and Hispanics in the United States. Future studies should focus on implementing interventions to reduce these barriers and improve delivery of care.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gabriela Kuftinec
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Nidah S. Khakoo
- Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Diana Morillo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Maria A. Quintero
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | | | - David H. Kerman
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Maria T. Abreu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Amar R. Deshpande
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Seth J. Schwartz
- Departments of Kinesiology, Health Education, and Educational Psychology, College of Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USADepartment of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Ana Palacio
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine and Miami VA Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Miami, FL, USA
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Kornej J, Ko D, Lin H, Murabito JM, Benjamin EJ, Trinquart L, Preis SR. The association between social network index, atrial fibrillation, and mortality in the Framingham Heart Study. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3958. [PMID: 35273243 PMCID: PMC8913787 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07850-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Social isolation might be considered as a marker of poor health and higher mortality. The aim of our analysis was to assess the association of social network index (SNI) with incident AF and death. We selected participants aged ≥ 55 years without prevalent AF from the Framingham Heart Study. We evaluated the association between social isolation measured by the Berkman-Syme Social Network Index (SNI), incident AF, and mortality without diagnosed AF. We assessed the risk factor-adjusted associations between SNI (the sum of 4 components: marriage status, close friends/relatives, religious service attendance, social group participation), incident AF, and mortality without AF by using Fine-Gray competing risk regression models. We secondarily examined the outcome of all-cause mortality. We included 3454 participants (mean age 67 ± 10 years, 58% female). During 11.8 ± 5.2 mean years of follow-up, there were 686 incident AF cases and 965 mortality without AF events. Individuals with fewer connections had lower rates of incident AF (P = 0.04) but higher rates of mortality without AF (P = 0.03). Among SNI components, only social group participation was associated with higher incident AF (subdistribution hazards ratio [sHR] 1.35, 95% CI 1.16-1.57, P = 0.0001). For mortality without AF, social group participation (sHR = 0.81, 95% CI 0.71-0.93, P = 0.002) and regular religious service attendance sHR = 0.76, 95% CI 0.67-0.87, P < 0.0001) were associated with lower risk of death. Social isolation was associated with a higher rate of mortality without diagnosed AF. In contrast to our hypothesis, we observed that poor social connectedness was associated with a lower rate of incident AF. This finding should be interpreted cautiously since there were very few participants in the lowest social connectedness group. Additionally, the seemingly protective effect of social isolation on AF incidence may be simply an artifact of the strong association between social isolation and increased mortality rate in combination with the large number of deaths as compared to AF events in our study. Further study is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Kornej
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institutes Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA.
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E Concord St, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
| | - Darae Ko
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E Concord St, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Honghuang Lin
- Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joanne M Murabito
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institutes Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Section of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emelia J Benjamin
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institutes Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E Concord St, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ludovic Trinquart
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institutes Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sarah R Preis
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institutes Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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Thulin E, Vilhelmson B, Elldér E. Fading togetherness? Exploring Generational Changes in Shared Time Use among the Older Population in Sweden. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2022; 101:104674. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2022.104674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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The association of increasing resilience with positive health outcomes among older adults. Geriatr Nurs 2022; 44:97-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2022.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Cené CW, Leng XI, Faraz K, Allison M, Breathett K, Bird C, Coday M, Corbie‐Smith G, Foraker R, Ijioma NN, Rosal MC, Sealy‐Jefferson S, Shippee TP, Kroenke CH. Social Isolation and Incident Heart Failure Hospitalization in Older Women: Women's Health Initiative Study Findings. J Am Heart Assoc 2022; 11:e022907. [PMID: 35189692 PMCID: PMC9075097 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.022907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Background The association of social isolation or lack of social network ties in older adults is unknown. This knowledge gap is important since the risk of heart failure (HF) and social isolation increase with age. The study examines whether social isolation is associated with incident HF in older women, and examines depressive symptoms as a potential mediator and age and race and ethnicity as effect modifiers. Methods and Results This study included 44 174 postmenopausal women of diverse race and ethnicity from the WHI (Women's Health Initiative) study who underwent annual assessment for HF adjudication from baseline enrollment (1993-1998) through 2018. We conducted a mediation analysis to examine depressive symptoms as a potential mediator and further examined effect modification by age and race and ethnicity. Incident HF requiring hospitalization was the main outcome. Social isolation was a composite variable based on marital/partner status, religious ties, and community ties. Depressive symptoms were assessed using CES-D (Center for Epidemiology Studies-Depression). Over a median follow-up of 15.0 years, we analyzed data from 36 457 women, and 2364 (6.5%) incident HF cases occurred; 2510 (6.9%) participants were socially isolated. In multivariable analyses adjusted for sociodemographic, behavioral, clinical, and general health/functioning; socially isolated women had a higher risk of incident HF than nonisolated women (HR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.08-1.41). Adding depressive symptoms in the model did not change this association (HR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.07-1.40). Neither race and ethnicity nor age moderated the association between social isolation and incident HF. Conclusions Socially isolated older women are at increased risk for developing HF, independent of traditional HF risk factors. Registration URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT00000611.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal W. Cené
- University of North Carolina at Chapel HillNC,now with University of California, San DiegoLa JollaCA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Mace Coday
- University of Tennessee Health Science CenterMemphisTN
| | | | - Randi Foraker
- Washington University in St. Louis School of MedicineSt. LouisMO
| | | | | | | | - Tetyana P. Shippee
- Division of Health Policy and ManagementUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN
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Fu L, Zhou Y, Sun J, Xing Z, Wang Y, Tai S. Significantly Increased Risk of All-Cause Mortality Among Type 2 Diabetes Patients Living Alone. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:782751. [PMID: 35155492 PMCID: PMC8826243 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.782751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is a lack of studies evaluating the association between living status and subsequent outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Objectives This study aimed to assess the association between living alone and the risk of all-cause mortality in T2DM patients. Methods We performed a secondary analysis in patients with long-lasting T2DM from the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) study. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models was used to analyze and compare the hazard ratios (HRs) in patients living alone and with one or more adults. Results This study included 10,249 patients with T2DM. Of these, 2,078 (20.28%) were living alone and 8,171 (79.72%) lived with one or more adults. Over a median total follow-up of 8.8 years, 1,958 patients developed the primary endpoint. The all-cause mortality rates in patients living alone or living with one or more adults were 23.24 and 18.05%, respectively. Cox proportional hazard analysis showed that T2DM patients living alone had significantly higher rate of all-cause mortality than those living with others (HR, 1.34; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.20–1.48; p < 0.001). After multivariable adjustment, living alone was an independent risk factor for all-cause mortality in patients with T2DM (adjusted HR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.14–1.41; p < 0.001). Furthermore, the risks of both congestive heart failure (CHF) and fatal coronary heart disease (CHD) among 4,050 propensity score-matched patients were higher for patients living alone (respectively HR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.08–1.74; p = 0.010; and HR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.00–1.34; p = 0.047). Conclusions The risk of all-cause mortality was significantly higher in T2DM patients living alone than in those living with one or more adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyao Fu
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiaxing Sun
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhenhua Xing
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yongjun Wang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shi Tai
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
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Lim WH, Poh CW, Tan BJM, Ng CH, Tan DJH, Lim XC, Tay PWL, Lim GEH, Huang DQ, Ho CS, Tan EXX, Syn N, Dan YY, Griva K, Fung J, Siddiqui MS, Muthiah MD. Global Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Outcomes of Depression After Liver Transplant: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. GASTRO HEP ADVANCES 2022; 1:150-159. [PMID: 39131130 PMCID: PMC11307655 DOI: 10.1016/j.gastha.2021.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Background and aims With existing literature focusing on general quality of life, the magnitude and impact of depression among recipients after liver transplantation (LT) is unclear. Hence, we aim to evaluate the prevalence, risk factors, and outcomes for recipient-related depression after LT. Methods Medline and Embase were searched. Single-arm analysis was pooled using the generalized linear mixed model, and logistic regression was performed to analyze risk factors. Pairwise comparative meta-analysis in odds ratio was conducted for binary outcomes. Results Of 1069 abstracts, 189 articles underwent full-text review before the inclusion of 48 articles. Pooled depression rate among 5170 recipients was 24.52% (confidence interval [CI]: 19.46%-30.41%). Depression was most prevalent in Asia compared with other geographical regions. Younger age at transplantation (P = .019) and university education (P = .051) were protective against depression. However, those transplanted for alcoholic liver disease (odds ratio: 1.14, CI: 1.10-1.18, P ≤ 0.001) were more likely to be depressed. Depression resulted in increased odds of mortality (odds ratio: 1.82, CI: 1.08-3.07, P = .04), graft loss (P = .03), and graft rejection (P = .01). Conclusion Depression is highly prevalent after LT and may be associated with increased mortality and poorer graft outcomes. More emphasis is needed on the screening of depression among higher risk recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Hui Lim
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chen Wei Poh
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Beatrice Jia Min Tan
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cheng Han Ng
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Darren Jun Hao Tan
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xiong Chang Lim
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Phoebe Wen Lin Tay
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Grace En Hui Lim
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Daniel Q. Huang
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- National University Centre for Organ Transplantation, National University Health System, Singapore
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cyrus S.H. Ho
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eunice Xiang-Xuan Tan
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- National University Centre for Organ Transplantation, National University Health System, Singapore
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nicholas Syn
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Biostatistics & Modelling Domain, Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yock Young Dan
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- National University Centre for Organ Transplantation, National University Health System, Singapore
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Konstadina Griva
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - James Fung
- Department of Surgery, Division of Liver Transplantation, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Mohammad Shadab Siddiqui
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Mark Dhinesh Muthiah
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- National University Centre for Organ Transplantation, National University Health System, Singapore
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
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Tee H, Chevalier A, Webber M, Xanthopoulou P, Priebe S, Giacco D. Who wants more social contacts? A cross-sectional study of people with psychotic disorders in England. Schizophr Res 2022; 240:46-51. [PMID: 34923207 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2021.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Many people with psychosis have few social contacts which can significantly reduce quality of life. While the symptoms of psychosis are thought to contribute to social isolation, they could also lead to the perception that patients are uninterested in increasing their social contacts or in socialisation interventions. Hence, those who most need support to reduce isolation may be less likely to receive it. Despite this, studies have yet to identify the characteristics of patients who do and do not want to increase their social contacts. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 548 participants with psychosis in community mental health teams across England, covering urban and rural areas. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine predictors of wanting to vs. not wanting to increase social contacts. Content analysis was used to explore reasons. The majority (68%) of participants reported a desire for more social contacts, which was significantly associated with lower quality of life. While people with lower quality of life were more likely to express a desire for more contacts, they were less likely to feel confident in increasing them. Reasons for not wanting to increase contacts were related either to perceived barriers or to feeling content with current circumstances. It may be concluded that people with psychosis who have a lower quality of life and little confidence in socialising have a greater desire for more social contacts. Hence, contrary to traditional beliefs, they are likely to be motivated to engage with support to reduce isolation if it is offered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Tee
- Unit for Social and Community Psychiatry, (WHO Collaborating Centre for Mental Health Services Development), Queen Mary University of London, Glen Road, London E13 8SP, United Kingdom; East London NHS Foundation Trust, Glen Road, London E13 8SP, United Kingdom
| | - Agnes Chevalier
- Unit for Social and Community Psychiatry, (WHO Collaborating Centre for Mental Health Services Development), Queen Mary University of London, Glen Road, London E13 8SP, United Kingdom; East London NHS Foundation Trust, Glen Road, London E13 8SP, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Webber
- Department of Social Policy and Social Work, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Penny Xanthopoulou
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, St Luke's Campus, Exeter EX2 4TH, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan Priebe
- Unit for Social and Community Psychiatry, (WHO Collaborating Centre for Mental Health Services Development), Queen Mary University of London, Glen Road, London E13 8SP, United Kingdom
| | - Domenico Giacco
- Unit for Social and Community Psychiatry, (WHO Collaborating Centre for Mental Health Services Development), Queen Mary University of London, Glen Road, London E13 8SP, United Kingdom; East London NHS Foundation Trust, Glen Road, London E13 8SP, United Kingdom; Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7HL, United Kingdom.
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Liotta G, Emberti Gialloreti L, Marazzi MC, Madaro O, Inzerilli MC, D’Amico M, Orlando S, Scarcella P, Terracciano E, Gentili S, Palombi L. Pro-active monitoring and social interventions at community level mitigate the impact of coronavirus (COVID-19) epidemic on older adults’ mortality in Italy: A retrospective cohort analysis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0261523. [PMID: 35061710 PMCID: PMC8782360 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 epidemic in Italy has severely affected people aged more than 80, especially socially isolated. Aim of this paper is to assess whether a social and health program reduced mortality associated to the epidemic. Methods An observational retrospective cohort analysis of deaths recorded among >80 years in three Italian cities has been carried out to compare death rate of the general population and “Long Live the Elderly!” (LLE) program. Parametric and non-parametric tests have been performed to assess differences of means between the two populations. A multivariable analysis to assess the impact of covariates on weekly mortality has been carried out by setting up a linear mixed model. Results The total number of services delivered to the LLE population (including phone calls and home visits) was 34,528, 1 every 20 day per person on average, one every 15 days during March and April. From January to April 2019, the same population received one service every 41 days on average, without differences between January-February and March-April. The January-April 2020 cumulative crude death rate was 34.8‰ (9,718 deaths out of 279,249 individuals; CI95%: 34.1–35.5) and 28.9‰ (166 deaths out of 5,727 individuals; CI95%:24.7–33.7) for the general population and the LLE sample respectively. The general population weekly death rate increased after the 11th calendar week that was not the case among the LLE program participants (p<0.001). The Standardized Mortality Ratio was 0.83; (CI95%: 0.71–0.97). Mortality adjusted for age, gender, COVID-19 weekly incidence and prevalence of people living in nursing homes was lower in the LLE program than in the general population (p<0.001). Conclusions LLE program is likely to limit mortality associated with COVID-19. Further studies are needed to establish whether it is due to the impact of social care that allows a better clients’ adherence to the recommendations of physical distancing or to an improved surveillance of older adults that prevents negative outcomes associated with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Liotta
- Biomedicine and Prevention Dept, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | | | | | - Olga Madaro
- Community of Sant’Egidio, ‘Long Live the Elderly’ Program, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Margherita D’Amico
- Specialization School for Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Orlando
- Biomedicine and Prevention Dept, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Scarcella
- Biomedicine and Prevention Dept, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Terracciano
- Specialization School for Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Susanna Gentili
- Doctoral School in Nursing Sciences and Public Health, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Leonardo Palombi
- Biomedicine and Prevention Dept, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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127
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Holt-Lunstad J. Social Connection as a Public Health Issue: The Evidence and a Systemic Framework for Prioritizing the "Social" in Social Determinants of Health. Annu Rev Public Health 2022; 43:193-213. [PMID: 35021021 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-publhealth-052020-110732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
There is growing interest in and renewed support for prioritizing social factors in public health both in the USA and globally. While there are multiple widely recognized social determinants of health, indicators of social connectedness (e.g., social capital, social support, social isolation, loneliness) are often noticeably absent from the discourse. This article provides an organizing framework for conceptualizing social connection and summarizes the cumulative evidence supporting its relevance for health, including epidemiological associations, pathways, and biological mechanisms. This evidence points to several implications for prioritizing social connection within solutions across sectors, where public health work, initiatives, and research play a key role in addressing gaps. Therefore, this review proposes a systemic framework for cross-sector action to identify missed opportunities and guide future investigation, intervention, practice, and policy on promoting social connection and health for all. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Public Health, Volume 43 is April 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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128
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Lamidi EO. Educational Differences in Self-Rated Health Trends Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults Living Alone, 1972-2018. J Aging Health 2022; 34:626-639. [PMID: 34978204 DOI: 10.1177/08982643211052718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: This study examines educational differences in living alone and in self-rated health trends among middle-aged and older adults. Methods: We used logistic regression to analyze data from the 1972-2018 National Health Interview Survey (n = 795,239 aged 40-64; n = 357,974 aged 65-84). Results: Between 1972-1974 and 2015-2018, living alone became more prevalent, particularly among men and at lower levels of education. Self-rated health trends varied by living arrangement and education. We found self-rated health declines among middle-aged adults having no college degree and living alone, but trends in self-rated health were mostly stable or even improved among middle-aged adults living with others. Among older adults, self-rated health improved over time, but for the least-educated older Americans living alone, the probability of reporting fair or poor health increased between 1972-1974 and 2015-2018. Discussion: The findings suggest growing disparities by social class, in living arrangements and in self-rated health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther O Lamidi
- Department of Sociology, 14676University of Colorado Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, CO, USA
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Giacco D, Kirkbride JB, Ermakova AO, Webber M, Xanthopoulou P, Priebe S. Neighbourhood characteristics and social isolation of people with psychosis: a multi-site cross-sectional study. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2022; 57:1907-1915. [PMID: 34791516 PMCID: PMC9375739 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-021-02190-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE People with psychosis are vulnerable to social isolation, which is associated with worse clinical outcomes. In general populations, people living in areas with higher population density have more social contacts, while those living in more socially deprived and fragmented areas are less satisfied with their relationships. We assessed whether and how neighbourhood factors are associated with social contacts and satisfaction with friendships for people with psychosis. METHODS We carried out a cross-sectional study including people with psychosis aged 18-65 years in urban and rural sites in England. Population density and social deprivation and fragmentation indexes were described within Lower Level Super Output Areas (LSOA). Their associations with participants' social contacts and satisfaction with friendships were tested with negative binomial and ordinal regression models, respectively. RESULTS We surveyed 511 participants with psychotic disorders. They had a median of two social contacts in the previous week (interquartile range [IQR] = 1-4), and rated satisfaction with friendships as 5 out of 7 (Manchester Short Assessment of Quality of Life; IQR = 4-6). Higher population density was associated with fewer social contacts (Z-standardised relative risk [RR] = 0.88; 95% CI = 0.79-0.99, p = 0.03), but not with satisfaction with friendships (RR = 1.08; 95% CI = 0.93-1.26, p = 0.31). No associations were found for social contacts or satisfaction with friendships with social deprivation or fragmentation indexes. CONCLUSIONS Clinicians in urban areas should be aware that their patients with psychosis are more socially isolated when more people live around them, and this could impact their clinical outcomes. These findings may inform housing programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Giacco
- Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Campus, Coventry, CV4 7AL, England.
- Unit for Social and Community Psychiatry, (WHO Collaborating Centre for Mental Health Service Development), Barts and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, Newham Centre for Mental Health, London, E13 8SP, England.
- Coventry and Warwickshire Partnership NHS Trust, Coventry, England.
| | - James B Kirkbride
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, W1T 7BN, England
| | - Anna O Ermakova
- Unit for Social and Community Psychiatry, (WHO Collaborating Centre for Mental Health Service Development), Barts and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, Newham Centre for Mental Health, London, E13 8SP, England
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, Berks, SL5 7PY, England
| | - Martin Webber
- Department of Social Policy and Social Work, University of York, Heslington, YO10 5DD, York, UK
| | - Penny Xanthopoulou
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, St Luke's Campus, Exeter, EX2 4TH, UK
| | - Stefan Priebe
- Unit for Social and Community Psychiatry, (WHO Collaborating Centre for Mental Health Service Development), Barts and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, Newham Centre for Mental Health, London, E13 8SP, England
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Ungar R, Wu L, MacLeod S, Tkatch R, Huang J, Kraemer S, Schaeffer J, Yeh C. The Impact of COVID-19 on Older Adults: Results from an Annual Survey. Geriatr Nurs 2022; 44:131-136. [PMID: 35150949 PMCID: PMC8801306 DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2022.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Assess well-being among older adults through secondary analysis measured during an annual survey in 2018, 2019, and 2020, to determine trends from before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods Mailed surveys sent annually included measures related to various psychosocial factors. Main findings Response rates were 29% in 2018, 25% in 2019, and 24% in 2020. Most respondents reported average or high resilience (89% 2018-2020), high purpose (64% in 2018 and 2019, 63% in 2020), moderate optimism (46% in 2019, 44% in 2020) and low stress (88% in 2019 and 2020). Reported loneliness increased 13% from 2018 to 2020. In 2020, only 45% reported high comfort with technology, decreasing with age (>75). Principal conclusion Psychosocial well-being of respondents were doing well despite changes related to COVID-19. However, increased loneliness may negatively impact long-term health outcomes; thus, a focus on technology options to stay socially connected and access healthcare are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Ungar
- Research for Aging Populations, OptumLabs, 315 E. Eisenhower Parkway, Suite 305, Ann Arbor, MI 48108, United States.
| | - Lizi Wu
- Research for Aging Populations, OptumLabs, 315 E. Eisenhower Parkway, Suite 305, Ann Arbor, MI 48108, United States
| | - Stephanie MacLeod
- Research for Aging Populations, OptumLabs, 315 E. Eisenhower Parkway, Suite 305, Ann Arbor, MI 48108, United States
| | - Rifky Tkatch
- Research for Aging Populations, OptumLabs, 315 E. Eisenhower Parkway, Suite 305, Ann Arbor, MI 48108, United States
| | - Jinghua Huang
- Research for Aging Populations, OptumLabs, 315 E. Eisenhower Parkway, Suite 305, Ann Arbor, MI 48108, United States
| | - Sandra Kraemer
- Medicare and Retirement, UnitedHealthcare Alliances, 9800 Health Care Lane, MN 006-E500, Minneapolis, MN 55343, United States
| | - James Schaeffer
- Research for Aging Populations, OptumLabs, 315 E. Eisenhower Parkway, Suite 305, Ann Arbor, MI 48108, United States
| | - Charlotte Yeh
- AARP Services Inc., 601 E. Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20049, United States
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131
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Mediation analysis of social isolation and mortality by health behaviors. Prev Med 2022; 154:106881. [PMID: 34780854 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2021.106881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Social isolation associated with greater risk for mortality is well documented, however, it is unclear whether and the extent to which social isolation influences mortality through health behaviors. We therefore assessed the mediation between social isolation and mortality by health behaviors. 15,000 adults ages 18-89 years in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in the US (NHANES III) (1988-1994) were followed through 2015. The outcomes of overall and cause-specific mortality were assessed by linking with the National Death Index. Social isolation was based on a modified Social Network Index. Mediation analyses were conducted under the counterfactual framework. Compared with participants who were not socially isolated, those who were isolated had significantly increased risk for overall mortality (HR = 1.33, 95% CI: 1.15-1.54), cardiovascular disease (CVD)-specific mortality (HR = 1.28, 95% CI: 1.01-1.62) and mortality from causes other than CVD or cancer (HR = 1.53, 95% CI: 1.22-1.90). Social isolation was not independently associated with risk for cancer-specific mortality. The association between social isolation and cancer-specific mortality was largely (74%) mediated by health behaviors, including smoking, physical activity and quality of diet. The associations between social isolation and CVD or other specific mortality were partly (about one-fifth) explained by unhealthy behaviors. In conclusion, the extent to which social isolation and mortality was mediated by healthy behaviors varies by causes of death. Given mounting evidence that social isolation is increasing in society, it is important to add social isolation to the list of public health concerns in addition to conventional risk factors.
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132
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Rota S, Boura I, Wan YM, Lazcano-Ocampo C, Rodriguez-Violante M, Antonini A, Chaudhuri KR. Spotlight on non-motor symptoms and Covid-19. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2022; 165:103-133. [PMID: 36208897 PMCID: PMC9270874 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2022.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) pandemic has profoundly affected the quality of life (QoL) and health of the general population globally over the past 2 years, with a clear impact on people with Parkinson's Disease (PwP, PD). Non-motor symptoms have been widely acknowledged to hold a vital part in the clinical spectrum of PD, and, although often underrecognized, they significantly contribute to patients' and their caregivers' QoL. Up to now, there have been numerous reports of newly emerging or acutely deteriorating non-motor symptoms in PwP who had been infected by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), while some of these symptoms, like fatigue, pain, depression, anxiety and cognitive impairment, have also been identified as part of the long-COVID syndrome due to their persistent nature. The subjacent mechanisms, mediating the appearance or progression of non-motor symptoms in the context of Covid-19, although probably multifactorial in origin, remain largely unknown. Such mechanisms might be, at least partly, related solely to the viral infection per se or the lifestyle changes imposed during the pandemic, as many of the non-motor symptoms seem to be prevalent even among Covid-19 patients without PD. Here, we summarize the available evidence and implications of Covid-19 in non-motor PD symptoms in the acute and chronic, if applicable, phase of the infection, with a special reference on studies of PwP.
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Fearon C, Fasano A. Prevalence and outcomes of Covid-19 in Parkinson's disease: Acute settings and hospital. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2022; 165:35-62. [PMID: 36208906 PMCID: PMC9020798 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2022.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The global explosion of COVID-19 necessitated the rapid dissemination of information regarding SARS-CoV-2. Hence, COVID-19 prevalence and outcome data in Parkinson's disease patients were disseminated at a time when we only had part of the picture. In this chapter we firstly discuss the current literature on the prevalence of COVID-19 in people with PD. We then discuss outcomes from COVID-19 in people with PD, specifically risk of hospitalization and mortality. Finally, we discuss specific contributing and confounding factors which may put PD patients at higher or lower risk from COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conor Fearon
- Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease, Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital-UHN, Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Alfonso Fasano
- Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease, Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital-UHN, Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Krembil Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada; Center for Advancing Neurotechnological Innovation to Application (CRANIA), Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Lynch L, Mielenz TJ, Li G, Eby DW, Molnar LJ, Betz ME, DiGuiseppi C, Hill LL, Jones V, Strogatz D. Rate of Social Isolation by Geographic Location Among Older Adults: AAA LongROAD Study. Front Public Health 2021; 9:791683. [PMID: 34957037 PMCID: PMC8702723 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.791683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Social isolation is a modifiable risk factor for negative health outcomes among older adults. This work assessed the relationship between geography (i.e., urban vs. non-urban residence) and social isolation in a cohort of older drivers. Methods: The AAA LongROAD cohort with 2,989 older adult drivers from across the country were included. Social isolation was measured at baseline and at two subsequent annual follow-ups using PROMIS v2.0 Social Isolation 4a. The effect of geographic location with social isolation was assessed through with multivariable regression using a generalized estimating equation model. Results: The rate of social isolation in urban areas was 21% lower (adjusted RR 0.79, 95% CI 0.46, 1.36) compared to non-urban areas after adjusting for covariates, though not significant. Discussion: Social isolation is a predictor of poor health outcomes and geographic considerations have been lacking in the literature. The panel data in this analysis provides more evidence for causality though the under-representation of non-urban areas potentially reduces the power for the results. Conclusions: It is important to understand the needs and risk of social isolation in various geographic settings to ensure resources and interventions are appropriately modified for a greater public health impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Lynch
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Thelma J Mielenz
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Guohua Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Anesthesiology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - David W Eby
- Transportation Research Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Lisa J Molnar
- Transportation Research Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Marian E Betz
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Carolyn DiGuiseppi
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Linda L Hill
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Vanya Jones
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - David Strogatz
- Bassett Research Institute, Mary Imogene Bassett Hospital, Cooperstown, NY, United States
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Zhou W, Li Y, Ning Y, Gong S, Song N, Zhu B, Wang J, Zhao S, Shi Y, Ding X. Social Isolation Is Associated With Rapid Kidney Function Decline and the Development of Chronic Kidney Diseases in Middle-Aged and Elderly Adults: Findings From the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:782624. [PMID: 34926526 PMCID: PMC8674531 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.782624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: There is limited evidence on the relationship between social isolation and renal outcomes. To address this gap, this study estimated the prospective relationship of social isolation with rapid kidney function decline and the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in middle-aged and elderly Chinese with normal kidney function. Methods: We analyzed data from 3,031 participants aged ≥ 45 years with baseline estimated glomerular filtration rates (eGFR) ≥ 60 ml/min/1.73 m2. All data were obtained from the 2011 and 2015 waves of the Chinese Longitudinal Study of Health and Retirement (CHARLS). eGFR was estimated based on a combination of serum creatinine and cystatin C. The primary outcome was rapid decline in renal function, as defined by an eGFR decrease of > 5 ml/min/1.73 m2 per year, while the secondary outcome was the development of CKD, as defined by an eGFR decrease to a level < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2. Results: During the follow-up of 4 years, 258 (8.5%) participants experienced a rapid decline in renal function, while 87 (2.9%) developed CKD. In the fully adjusted model, high social isolation was significantly related to an increased risk of experiencing a rapid decline in renal function (OR 1.805, 95% CI 1.310-2.487) and CKD onset (OR 1.842, 95% CI 1.084-3.129). Among the five components of social isolation, being unmarried, not participating in social activities, and living alone independently predicted declined renal function. Conclusions: Social isolation is significantly associated with the risk of rapid eGFR decline and CKD onset in middle-aged and older adults with normal kidney function in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiran Zhou
- Division of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Li
- Division of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Medical Center of Kidney Disease, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Kidney and Dialysis, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Kidney and Blood Purification, Shanghai, China.,Hemodialysis Quality Control Center of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Yichun Ning
- Division of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Medical Center of Kidney Disease, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Kidney and Dialysis, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Kidney and Blood Purification, Shanghai, China.,Hemodialysis Quality Control Center of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaomin Gong
- Division of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Medical Center of Kidney Disease, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Kidney and Dialysis, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Kidney and Blood Purification, Shanghai, China.,Hemodialysis Quality Control Center of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Nana Song
- Division of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Medical Center of Kidney Disease, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Kidney and Dialysis, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Kidney and Blood Purification, Shanghai, China.,Hemodialysis Quality Control Center of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Bowen Zhu
- Division of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jialin Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Medical Center of Kidney Disease, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Kidney and Dialysis, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Kidney and Blood Purification, Shanghai, China.,Hemodialysis Quality Control Center of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuan Zhao
- Division of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Medical Center of Kidney Disease, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Kidney and Dialysis, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Kidney and Blood Purification, Shanghai, China.,Hemodialysis Quality Control Center of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiqin Shi
- Division of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Medical Center of Kidney Disease, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Kidney and Dialysis, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Kidney and Blood Purification, Shanghai, China.,Hemodialysis Quality Control Center of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Ding
- Division of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Medical Center of Kidney Disease, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Kidney and Dialysis, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Kidney and Blood Purification, Shanghai, China.,Hemodialysis Quality Control Center of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
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Schwenker R, Kroeber ES, Deutsch T, Frese T, Unverzagt S. Identifying patients with psychosocial problems in general practice: a scoping review protocol. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e051383. [PMID: 34930731 PMCID: PMC8689158 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-051383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Psychosocial problems (PSPs) are common issues associated with negative health outcomes. Since general practitioners are the first point of contact for any health-related concern, understanding their options to recognise patients with PSPs plays an important role as it is essential for early intervention and can prevent serious conditions. The objective of our scoping review is to map published evidence on the usage of instruments to identify patients with PSPs in general practice. METHODS AND ANALYSIS We will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews checklist and the Joanna Briggs Institute Reviewer's Manual on scoping reviews. A systematic search of four electronic databases (Medline (Ovid), Web of Science Core Collection, PsycInfo, Cochrane Library) will be conducted for quantitative and qualitative studies published in English, Spanish, French and German. Main study characteristics as well as information on identification instruments will be extracted and visualised in structured tables to map the available evidence. The protocol has been registered with Open Science Framework, https://osfio/c2m6z. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study does not require ethical approval as we will not collect personal data. Dissemination will consist of publications, presentations and other knowledge translation activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemarie Schwenker
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of General Practice and Family Medicine, Center of Health Sciences, Martin Luther University of Halle Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Eric Sven Kroeber
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of General Practice and Family Medicine, Center of Health Sciences, Martin Luther University of Halle Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Tobias Deutsch
- Department of General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas Frese
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of General Practice and Family Medicine, Center of Health Sciences, Martin Luther University of Halle Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Susanne Unverzagt
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of General Practice and Family Medicine, Center of Health Sciences, Martin Luther University of Halle Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
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137
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Chagin K, Choate F, Cook K, Fuehrer S, Misak JE, Sehgal AR. A Framework for Evaluating Social Determinants of Health Screening and Referrals for Assistance. J Prim Care Community Health 2021; 12:21501327211052204. [PMID: 34905991 PMCID: PMC8679017 DOI: 10.1177/21501327211052204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction/Objectives: Many health systems screen patients for social determinants of health and
refer patients with social needs to community service organizations for
assistance. We developed a framework based on sequential steps to evaluate
this process. Methods: We reviewed efforts by The MetroHealth System in Cleveland, Ohio and
identified 6 sequential steps: patient screened, has social needs, consents
to referral to a service organization, referral placed, referral accepted,
and referral outcome. Referral outcomes were categorized as resolved
(organization provided requested service or patient self-resolved problem),
or unresolved (patient unable to be contacted or declined assistance). We
then determined the numbers of patients with food insecurity who completed
each step, how completion differed by patient characteristics and service
organization, and reasons for failure to complete specific steps. Results: We used the framework to evaluate screening and assistance steps among 5741
patients who attended a COVID-19 vaccine clinic from February 15-March 31,
2021 and were followed through April 30, 2021. The percentage of patients
who completed each step ranged from 17-98%. Step completion differed by
patient age, patient race, and clinic. Of 360 referrals accepted by
community organizations, 98 (27%) were resolved. The most common reasons for
unresolved referrals were inability of service organization to contact
patients (151), no reason stated (71), and patients declined service
(30). Conclusions: A framework based on sequential steps may be used to evaluate social
determinants of health screening and assistance programs. Further work is
needed to address reasons for failure to complete steps, to include patient
perspectives, and to determine long-term outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Karen Cook
- The MetroHealth System, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - James E Misak
- The MetroHealth System, Cleveland, OH, USA.,The MetroHealth System, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ashwini R Sehgal
- The MetroHealth System, Cleveland, OH, USA.,The MetroHealth System, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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138
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Lee H, Singh GK. Social Isolation and All-Cause and Heart Disease Mortality Among Working-Age Adults in the United States: The 1998-2014 NHIS-NDI Record Linkage Study. Health Equity 2021; 5:750-761. [PMID: 34909545 PMCID: PMC8665798 DOI: 10.1089/heq.2021.0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Living alone, an indicator of social isolation, has been increasing in the United States; 28% of households in 2019 were one-person households, compared with 13% in 1960. The working-age population is particularly vulnerable to adverse social conditions such as low social support. Although previous research has shown that social isolation and loneliness lead to poorer health and decreased longevity, few studies have focused on the working-age population and heart disease mortality in the United States using longitudinal data. Methods: This study examines social isolation as a risk factor for all-cause and heart disease mortality among U.S. adults aged 18-64 years using the pooled 1998-2014 data from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) linked to National Death Index (NDI) (n=388,973). Cox proportional hazards regression was used to model survival time as a function of social isolation, measured by "living alone," and sociodemographic, behavioral, and health characteristics. Results: In Cox regression models with 17 years of mortality follow-up, the age-adjusted all-cause mortality risk was 45% higher (hazard ratio [HR]=1.45; 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.40-1.50) and the heart disease mortality risk was 83% higher (HR=1.83; 95% CI=1.67-2.00) among adults aged 18-64 years living alone at the baseline, compared with adults living with others. In the full model, the relative risk associated with social isolation was 16% higher (HR=1.16; 95% CI=1.11-1.20) for all-cause mortality and 33% higher (HR=1.33; 95% CI=1.21-1.47) for heart disease mortality after controlling for sociodemographic, behavioral-risk, and health status characteristics. Conclusion: In this national study, adults experiencing social isolation had statistically significantly higher relative risks of all-cause and heart disease mortality in the United States than adults living with others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunjung Lee
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA.,US Department of Health and Human Services, Health Resources and Services Administration, Office of Health Equity, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Gopal K Singh
- US Department of Health and Human Services, Health Resources and Services Administration, Office of Health Equity, Rockville, Maryland, USA
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139
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Putney JM, Hebert N, Snyder M, Linscott RO, Cahill S. The Housing Needs of Sexual and Gender Minority Older Adults: Implications for Policy and Practice. JOURNAL OF HOMOSEXUALITY 2021; 68:2375-2392. [PMID: 32776865 DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2020.1804261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study identifies the interconnected needs and concerns of sexual and gender minority (SGM) older adults, with a particular focus on housing, healthcare, transportation, and social support. Data were gathered through seven groups with a sample of SGM-identified adults age 55 and over (N = 50) and analyzed using thematic analysis. The participants seek affordable and inclusive housing options. They identified that access to transportation is paramount in maintaining social support and accessing healthcare. Findings underscore the need for strategies to serve the housing needs of low-income SGM-identified older adults in a nondiscriminatory way, train housing providers in culturally responsive care, meet transportation needs, and provide SGM-inclusive community-based services that reduce isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Putney
- School of Social Work, Simmons University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- The Fenway Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nicholas Hebert
- School of Social Work, Simmons University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Matthew Snyder
- School of Social Work, Simmons University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Sean Cahill
- The Fenway Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Bouve College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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140
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Tanskanen J, Arpin S, Mohr C. Do Loneliness and Social Isolation Predict Mortality Because of Hazardous Drinking? JOURNAL OF SOCIAL AND CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1521/jscp.2021.40.6.508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Subjective feelings of loneliness and objective social isolation have been consistently connected with ill-health and mortality, though little work has empirically examined the mechanisms explaining the adverse effects. This study examines whether alcohol consumption explains the connection of loneliness and social isolation on mortality in different age and gender groups. Methods: The sample comprised a representative 1994 Finnish sample (n = 8,650) matched with 22-year follow-up mortality data. A multigroup path analysis with discrete survival time analyses was conducted. Results: There were unique differences in the associations between loneliness, social isolation, alcohol consumption, and mortality based on age and gender groups. Loneliness and particularly social isolation predicted mortality partly through subjective intoxication for women under 40 and men 40–65. Discussion: Loneliness and social isolation are associated with mortality, partly through subjective intoxication. Interventions targeted at reducing loneliness and social isolation may help address underlying causes of excess alcohol consumption and mortality.
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141
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Heller CG, Rehm CD, Parsons AH, Chambers EC, Hollingsworth NH, Fiori KP. The association between social needs and chronic conditions in a large, urban primary care population. Prev Med 2021; 153:106752. [PMID: 34348133 PMCID: PMC8595547 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2021.106752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
There is consensus that social needs influence health outcomes, but less is known about the relationships between certain needs and chronic health conditions in large, diverse populations. This study sought to understand the association between social needs and specific chronic conditions using social needs screening and clinical data from Electronic Health Records. Between April 2018-December 2019, 33,550 adult (≥18y) patients completed a 10-item social needs screener during primary care visits in Bronx and Westchester counties, NY. Generalized linear models were used to estimate prevalence ratios for eight outcomes by number and type of needs with analyses completed in Summer 2020. There was a positive, cumulative association between social needs and each of the outcomes. The relationship was strongest for elevated PHQ-2, depression, alcohol/drug use disorder, and smoking. Those with ≥3 social needs were 3.90 times more likely to have an elevated PHQ-2 than those without needs (95% CI: 3.66, 4.16). Challenges with healthcare transportation was associated with each condition and was the most strongly associated need with half of conditions in the fully-adjusted models. For example, those with transportation needs were 84% more likely to have an alcohol/drug use disorder diagnosis (95% CI: 1.59, 2.13) and 41% more likely to smoke (95% CI: 1.25, 1.58). Specific social needs may influence clinical issues in distinct ways. These findings suggest that health systems need to develop strategies that address unmet social need in order to optimize health outcomes, particularly in communities with a dual burden of poverty and chronic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline G Heller
- Office of Community & Population Health, Montefiore Medical Center, 3154 Dekalb Avenue, Bronx, NY 10467, United States of America
| | - Colin D Rehm
- Office of Community & Population Health, Montefiore Medical Center, 3154 Dekalb Avenue, Bronx, NY 10467, United States of America; Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Belfer Building, Bronx, New York 10461, United States of America
| | - Amanda H Parsons
- Department of Family & Social Medicine, Division of Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 3544 Jerome Avenue, Bronx, New York 10467, United States of America; Metroplus Health Plan, 160 Water Street, New York, NY 10038, United States of America
| | - Earle C Chambers
- Department of Family & Social Medicine, Division of Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 3544 Jerome Avenue, Bronx, New York 10467, United States of America; Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Belfer Building, Bronx, New York 10461, United States of America
| | - Nicole H Hollingsworth
- Office of Community & Population Health, Montefiore Medical Center, 3154 Dekalb Avenue, Bronx, NY 10467, United States of America; Department of Family & Social Medicine, Division of Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 3544 Jerome Avenue, Bronx, New York 10467, United States of America; Hackensack Meridian Health, 343 Thornall Street, Edison, NJ 08837, United States of America
| | - Kevin P Fiori
- Office of Community & Population Health, Montefiore Medical Center, 3154 Dekalb Avenue, Bronx, NY 10467, United States of America; Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 3411 Wayne Avenue, Bronx, NY 10467, United States of America; Department of Family & Social Medicine, Division of Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 3544 Jerome Avenue, Bronx, New York 10467, United States of America.
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142
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Zhao H, Zhang Q, Chen H, Rahman MR, Faruquee HM. Integrated multi-omics approach identified molecular mechanism and pathogenetic processes of COVID-19 that affect patient with Parkinson's disorder. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:6939-6945. [PMID: 34366686 PMCID: PMC8327558 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.07.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The novel coronavirus named SARS-CoV-2 has emerged at the end of 2019, which causes coronavirus disease (COVID-2019). Recent case reports of COVID-19 patients have revealed the onset of Parkinson's disease (PD) symptoms in patients who do not have a family history of the PD. However, till recently, no genetic impact or mechanisms that may induce Parkinsonism in COVID-19 patients or after COVID-19 have been found.. This study aimed to detect the commonly dysregulated genes, transcriptional regulators, and pathways between PD and COVID-19. We integrated genome-wide transcriptomic datasets from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) samples from COVID-19 and PD and associated pathways. Our study revealed 81 upregulated and 48 downregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) shared between PD and COVID-19. These dysregulated genes were involved in key pathways "mitochondrion structure organization", "cell activation in immune response", and "signalling by interleukins". Our analysis showed RELA, TP53 and SP1 TFs that may regulate the upregulated DEGs. We have discovered key dysregulated genes and characterized the biological processes of commonly dysregulated in COVID-19 and PD, which could be used for the design of personalized treatment of PD following COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Zhao
- Weifang Medical University, China
- Shandong Hongjitang Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd, China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- Engineer, Teaching Quality Monitoring and Evaluation Center, Guangdong Construction Polytechnic, China
| | - Huifang Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Lingnan Institue of Technology, China
| | - Md Rezanur Rahman
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh
| | - Hossain Md Faruquee
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh
- Molecular Medicine, Translational Health Group, International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi, India
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143
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Winwood JJ, Fitzgerald L, Gardiner B, Hannan K, Howard C, Mutch A. Exploring the Social Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on People Living with HIV (PLHIV): A Scoping Review. AIDS Behav 2021; 25:4125-4140. [PMID: 34019203 PMCID: PMC8137806 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-021-03300-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the clinical impact of COVID-19 has been central to emerging research in the HIV field, but in focusing on the biomedical, researchers must not overlook the socially embedded nature of HIV and the potential social impacts of this new pandemic on PLHIV. We conducted a scoping review to explore emerging research examining the social impacts of COVID-19 on PLHIV in OECD countries over the first 12 months of the pandemic. Twenty articles were identified and included for review. Key themes included: impacts on HIV care access/telehealth; stress and mental health; social isolation and loneliness; food insecurity; changes to sexual behaviour; changes to substance use; impacts on income, education and employment; and racial and social inequality. Results from this review can help guide research into areas where it is needed to help minimise the negative social impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan J Winwood
- School of Public Health, University of Queensland, 288 Herston Road, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia.
| | - Lisa Fitzgerald
- School of Public Health, University of Queensland, 288 Herston Road, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Bernard Gardiner
- School of Public Health, University of Queensland, 288 Herston Road, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Kate Hannan
- School of Public Health, University of Queensland, 288 Herston Road, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Chris Howard
- Queensland Positive People (QPP), 21 Manilla St, East Brisbane, QLD, 4169, Australia
| | - Allyson Mutch
- School of Public Health, University of Queensland, 288 Herston Road, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
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144
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Essien UR, Kornej J, Johnson AE, Schulson LB, Benjamin EJ, Magnani JW. Social determinants of atrial fibrillation. Nat Rev Cardiol 2021; 18:763-773. [PMID: 34079095 PMCID: PMC8516747 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-021-00561-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation affects almost 60 million adults worldwide. Atrial fibrillation is associated with a high risk of cardiovascular morbidity and death as well as with social, psychological and economic burdens on patients and their families. Social determinants - such as race and ethnicity, financial resources, social support, access to health care, rurality and residential environment, local language proficiency and health literacy - have prominent roles in the evaluation, treatment and management of atrial fibrillation. Addressing the social determinants of health provides a crucial opportunity to reduce the substantial clinical and non-clinical complications associated with atrial fibrillation. In this Review, we summarize the contributions of social determinants to the patient experience and outcomes associated with this common condition. We emphasize the relevance of social determinants and their important intersection with atrial fibrillation treatment and outcomes. In closing, we identify gaps in the literature and propose future directions for the investigation of social determinants and atrial fibrillation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utibe R. Essien
- Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,
| | - Jelena Kornej
- Sections of Cardiovascular Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amber E. Johnson
- Division of Cardiology, Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lucy B. Schulson
- Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emelia J. Benjamin
- Sections of Cardiovascular Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jared W. Magnani
- Division of Cardiology, Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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145
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Plesko CM, Yu Z, Tobin K, Gross D. Social connectedness among parents raising children in low-income communities: An integrative review. Res Nurs Health 2021; 44:957-969. [PMID: 34647625 PMCID: PMC9292156 DOI: 10.1002/nur.22189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Social isolation has been linked to numerous health risks, including depression and mortality. Parents raising children in low‐income and under‐resourced communities are at an increased risk for experiencing social isolation and its negative effects. Social connectedness (SC), one's sense of belongingness and connection to other people, or a community, has been linked to reduced social isolation and improved health outcomes in the general population, yet little is known about the impact SC has on parents with low incomes. This integrative review aims to describe the current state of the science surrounding SC in parents with low incomes, summarize how SC is being defined and measured, evaluate the quality of the science, and identify gaps in the literature to guide future research. Five electronic databases were searched, yielding 15 articles for inclusion. Empirical studies meeting the following criteria were included: population focused on parents who have low incomes or live in low‐income communities and have dependent children, outcomes were parent‐centered, SC was a study variable or a qualitative finding, and publication date was before March 2021. Findings emphasize SC as a promising construct that may be protective in the health and well‐being of parents and children living in low‐income communities. However, a lack of consensus on definitions and measures of SC makes it difficult to build a strong science base for understanding these potential benefits. Future research should focus on understanding the mechanisms by which SC works to benefit parents and their children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne M Plesko
- Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Zhiyuan Yu
- Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Karin Tobin
- The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Deborah Gross
- Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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146
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Lysaker PH, Hasson-Ohayon I, Wiesepape C, Huling K, Musselman A, Lysaker JT. Social Dysfunction in Psychosis Is More Than a Matter of Misperception: Advances From the Study of Metacognition. Front Psychol 2021; 12:723952. [PMID: 34721183 PMCID: PMC8552011 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.723952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Many with psychosis experience substantial difficulties forming and maintaining social bonds leading to persistent social alienation and a lack of a sense of membership in a larger community. While it is clear that social impairments in psychosis cannot be fully explained by symptoms or other traditional features of psychosis, the antecedents of disturbances in social function remain poorly understood. One recent model has proposed that deficits in social cognition may be a root cause of social dysfunction. In this model social relationships become untenable among persons diagnosed with psychosis when deficits in social cognition result in inaccurate ideas of what others feel, think or desire. While there is evidence to support the influence of social cognition upon social function, there are substantial limitations to this point of view. Many with psychosis have social impairments but not significant deficits in social cognition. First person and clinical accounts of the phenomenology of psychosis also do not suggest that persons with psychosis commonly experience making mistakes when trying to understand others. They report instead that intersubjectivity, or the formation of an intimate shared understanding of thoughts and emotions with others, has become extraordinarily difficult. In this paper we explore how research in metacognition in psychosis can transcend these limitations and address some of the ways in which intersubjectivity and more broadly social function is compromised in psychosis. Specifically, research will be reviewed on the relationship between social cognitive abilities and social function in psychosis, including measurement strategies and limits to its explanatory power, in particular with regard to challenges to intersubjectivity. Next, we present research on the integrated model of metacognition in psychosis and its relation to social function. We then discuss how this model might go beyond social cognitive models of social dysfunction in psychosis by describing how compromises in intersubjectivity occur as metacognitive deficits leave persons without an integrated sense of others' purposes, relative positions in the world, possibilities and personal complexities. We suggest that while social cognitive deficits may leave persons with inaccurate ideas about others, metacognitive deficits leave persons ill equipped to make broader sense of the situations in which people interact and this is what leaves them without a holistic sense of the other and what makes it difficult to know others, share experiences, and sustain relationships. The potential of developing clinical interventions focused on metacognition for promoting social recovery will finally be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul H. Lysaker
- Department of Psychiatry, Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | | | - Courtney Wiesepape
- Department of Psychology, Indiana State University, Terre Haute, IN, United States
| | - Kelsey Huling
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Aubrie Musselman
- Department of Psychology, Indiana State University, Terre Haute, IN, United States
| | - John T. Lysaker
- Department of Philosophy, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
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147
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Faraji J, Metz GAS. Aging, Social Distancing, and COVID-19 Risk: Who is more Vulnerable and Why? Aging Dis 2021; 12:1624-1643. [PMID: 34631211 PMCID: PMC8460299 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2021.0319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Perceived social support represents an important predictor of healthy aging. The global COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically changed the face of social relationships and revealed elderly to be particularly vulnerable to the effects of social isolation. Social distancing may represent a double-edged sword for older adults, protecting them against COVID-19 infection while also sacrificing personal interaction and attention at a critical time. Here, we consider the moderating role of social relationships as a potential influence on stress resilience, allostatic load, and vulnerability to infection and adverse health outcomes in the elderly population. Understanding the mechanisms how social support enhances resilience to stress and promotes mental and physical health into old age will enable new preventive strategies. Targeted social interventions may provide effective relief from the impact of COVID-19-related isolation and loneliness. In this regard, a pandemic may also offer a window of opportunity for raising awareness and mobilizing resources for new strategies that help build resilience in our aging population and future generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamshid Faraji
- 1Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada.,2Faculty of Nursing & Midwifery, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Gerlinde A S Metz
- 1Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
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148
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Merten N, Pinto AA, Paulsen AJ, Chen Y, Dillard LK, Fischer ME, Ryff CD, Schubert CR, Cruickshanks KJ. The Association of Psychological Well-Being With Sensory and Cognitive Function and Neuronal Health in Aging Adults. J Aging Health 2021; 34:529-538. [PMID: 34620009 DOI: 10.1177/08982643211046820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Psychological well-being (PWB) may be a potential modifiable risk factor of age-related diseases. We aimed to determine associations of PWB with sensorineural and cognitive function and neuronal health in middle-aged adults. METHODS This study included 2039 Beaver Dam Offspring Study participants. We assessed PWB, hearing, visual acuity, contrast sensitivity impairment, olfactory impairment, cognition, and retinal (macular ganglion cell inner-plexiform layer, mGCIPL) thickness. Age-sex-education-adjusted multivariable linear, logistic regression, and generalized estimating equation models were used and then further adjusted for health-related confounders. RESULTS Individuals with higher PWB had better hearing functions, visual acuity, and thicker mGCIPL and reduced odds for hearing, contrast sensitivity and olfactory impairment in age-sex-education-adjusted models. Effects on mGCIPL and visual and olfactory measures decreased with adjustment. Higher PWB was associated with better cognition, better combined sensorineural-cognitive function, and decreased cognitive impairment. DISCUSSION Psychological well-being was associated with sensorineural-cognitive health indicating a potential of PWB interventions for healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natascha Merten
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, 5232University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Aaron Alex Pinto
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, 5232University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Adam J Paulsen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, 5232University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Yanjun Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, 5232University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Lauren K Dillard
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, College of Letters and Science, 144149University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Mary E Fischer
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, 5232University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Carol D Ryff
- Institute on Aging/Psychology, 5228University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Carla R Schubert
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, 5232University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Karen J Cruickshanks
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, 5232University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, 5232University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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149
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Ipsen C, Repke M. Reaching people with disabilities to learn about their experiences of social connection and loneliness. Disabil Health J 2021; 15:101220. [PMID: 34600847 DOI: 10.1016/j.dhjo.2021.101220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with disabilities experience higher rates of social isolation and loneliness than people without disabilities, but there is limited information about how these conditions are manifested in people with specific types of disabilities. OBJECTIVES Using data collected as part of the second administration of the National Survey on Health and Disability (n = 2,132), our objectives were to determine if disability type and recruitment method added explanatory power to observed levels of social connectedness, after controlling for socio-demographic and environmental indicators. METHODS We used hierarchical regression to evaluate how socio-demographic, disability, environmental, and recruitment type explained four outcome variables for different dimensions of social connectedness, including satisfaction with social activity, quantity of social connections, quality of social connections, and loneliness. RESULTS Across all models, employment status (not employed), having mental illness/psychiatric disability, lack of transportation for social needs, and recruitment type (MTurk) significantly predicted lower levels of social connectedness. CONCLUSIONS The study provides evidence that using alternative methods, such as MTurk, to complement conventional recruitment strategies can improve understanding of social isolation and feelings of loneliness among people with disabilities, particularly those with mental illnesses and/or psychiatric disorders who are less likely to be accessed through group affiliations, but who are at greater risk for experiencing social isolation and feelings of loneliness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Ipsen
- University of Montana Rural Institute, Research and Training Center on Disability in Rural Communities (RTC:Rural), Missoula, MT, 59812, USA.
| | - Meredith Repke
- University of Montana Rural Institute, Research and Training Center on Disability in Rural Communities (RTC:Rural), Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
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150
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The Intersection of Pain Outcomes and Social Isolation Among African Americans. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2021; 9:1905-1911. [PMID: 34506012 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-021-01128-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence suggesting the influence social isolation has on health outcomes and mental well-being. Chronic medical conditions, such as pain, have been shown to impact social relationships and isolation among majority populations, but there is little evidence documenting this relationship among African Americans. To address this lack of scholarly work, the current study aimed to examine subjective and objective social isolation, pain interference with daily life, and problems with pain in a sample of African American adults 18 + years of age. Taken from the National Survey of American Life: Coping with Stress in the 21st Century (NSAL), results showed that participants who were objectively isolated from family only were more likely to have a chronic health problem that was associated with increased pain. Data further showed that those reporting subjective isolation from both family and friends experienced greater interference from pain than those who were not isolated from family and friends. Findings from this study acknowledge a larger issue that addresses the impact social isolation has on health, quality of life, and general well-being. Recognizing the influence of such may allow systems to acknowledge the determinants that perpetuate social isolation, while still recognizing the needs of marginalized groups.
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