151
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Salvesen HA, Whitelaw CBA. Current and prospective control strategies of influenza A virus in swine. Porcine Health Manag 2021; 7:23. [PMID: 33648602 PMCID: PMC7917534 DOI: 10.1186/s40813-021-00196-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Influenza A Viruses (IAV) are endemic pathogens of significant concern in humans and multiple keystone livestock species. Widespread morbidity in swine herds negatively impacts animal welfare standards and economic performance whilst human IAV pandemics have emerged from pigs on multiple occasions. To combat the rising prevalence of swine IAV there must be effective control strategies available. MAIN BODY The most basic form of IAV control on swine farms is through good animal husbandry practices and high animal welfare standards. To control inter-herd transmission, biosecurity considerations such as quarantining of pigs and implementing robust health and safety systems for workers help to reduce the likelihood of swine IAV becoming endemic. Closely complementing the physical on-farm practices are IAV surveillance programs. Epidemiological data is critical in understanding regional distribution and variation to assist in determining an appropriate response to outbreaks and understanding the nature of historical swine IAV epidemics and zoonoses. Medical intervention in pigs is restricted to vaccination, a measure fraught with the intrinsic difficulties of mounting an immune response against a highly mutable virus. It is the best available tool for controlling IAV in swine but is far from being a perfect solution due to its unreliable efficacy and association with an enhanced respiratory disease. Because IAV generally has low mortality rates there is a reticence in the uptake of vaccination. Novel genetic technologies could be a complementary strategy for IAV control in pigs that confers broad-acting resistance. Transgenic pigs with IAV resistance are useful as models, however the complexity of these reaching the consumer market limits them to research models. More promising are gene-editing approaches to prevent viral exploitation of host proteins and modern vaccine technologies that surpass those currently available. CONCLUSION Using the suite of IAV control measures that are available for pigs effectively we can improve the economic productivity of pig farming whilst improving on-farm animal welfare standards and avoid facing the extensive social and financial costs of a pandemic. Fighting 'Flu in pigs will help mitigate the very real threat of a human pandemic emerging, increase security of the global food system and lead to healthier pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamish A. Salvesen
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Edinburgh, UK
| | - C. Bruce A. Whitelaw
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Edinburgh, UK
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152
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Filgueiras-Rama D, Vasilijevic J, Jalife J, Noujaim SF, Alfonso JM, Nicolas-Avila JA, Gutierrez C, Zamarreño N, Hidalgo A, Bernabé A, Cop CP, Ponce-Balbuena D, Guerrero-Serna G, Calle D, Desco M, Ruiz-Cabello J, Nieto A, Falcon A. Human influenza A virus causes myocardial and cardiac-specific conduction system infections associated with early inflammation and premature death. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 117:876-889. [PMID: 32346730 PMCID: PMC7898948 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Human influenza A virus (hIAV) infection is associated with important cardiovascular complications, although cardiac infection pathophysiology is poorly understood. We aimed to study the ability of hIAV of different pathogenicity to infect the mouse heart, and establish the relationship between the infective capacity and the associated in vivo, cellular and molecular alterations. METHODS AND RESULTS We evaluated lung and heart viral titres in mice infected with either one of several hIAV strains inoculated intranasally. 3D reconstructions of infected cardiac tissue were used to identify viral proteins inside mouse cardiomyocytes, Purkinje cells, and cardiac vessels. Viral replication was measured in mouse cultured cardiomyocytes. Human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) were used to confirm infection and study underlying molecular alterations associated with the in vivo electrophysiological phenotype. Pathogenic and attenuated hIAV strains infected and replicated in cardiomyocytes, Purkinje cells, and hiPSC-CMs. The infection was also present in cardiac endothelial cells. Remarkably, lung viral titres did not statistically correlate with viral titres in the mouse heart. The highly pathogenic human recombinant virus PAmut showed faster replication, higher level of inflammatory cytokines in cardiac tissue and higher viral titres in cardiac HL-1 mouse cells and hiPSC-CMs compared with PB2mut-attenuated virus. Correspondingly, cardiac conduction alterations were especially pronounced in PAmut-infected mice, associated with high mortality rates, compared with PB2mut-infected animals. Consistently, connexin43 and NaV1.5 expression decreased acutely in hiPSC-CMs infected with PAmut virus. YEM1L protease also decreased more rapidly and to lower levels in PAmut-infected hiPSC-CMs compared with PB2mut-infected cells, consistent with mitochondrial dysfunction. Human IAV infection did not increase myocardial fibrosis at 4-day post-infection, although PAmut-infected mice showed an early increase in mRNAs expression of lysyl oxidase. CONCLUSION Human IAV can infect the heart and cardiac-specific conduction system, which may contribute to cardiac complications and premature death.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Filgueiras-Rama
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Hospital Clínico San Carlos,
Madrid, Spain
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC),
Madrid, Spain
- Consortium CIBER of Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBERCV), Spain
| | - Jasmina Vasilijevic
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Center for
Biotechnology, Spanish National Research Council, Madrid, Spain
- Consortium CIBER of Respiratory Diseases, Spain
| | - Jose Jalife
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC),
Madrid, Spain
- Consortium CIBER of Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBERCV), Spain
- Center for Arrhythmia Research, Health System, University of
Michigan, MI, USA
| | - Sami F Noujaim
- Morsani College of Medicine Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, University
of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jose M Alfonso
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC),
Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Celia Gutierrez
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Center for
Biotechnology, Spanish National Research Council, Madrid, Spain
| | - Noelia Zamarreño
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Center for
Biotechnology, Spanish National Research Council, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andres Hidalgo
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC),
Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Bernabé
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC),
Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Daniel Calle
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC),
Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid,
Spain
| | - Manuel Desco
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC),
Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid,
Spain
- Department of Bioengineering and Aerospace Engineering, University Carlos III
of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Consortium CIBER of Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Spain
| | - Jesus Ruiz-Cabello
- Consortium CIBER of Respiratory Diseases, Spain
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque
Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), San Sebastian, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Spain
- Universidad Complutense Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Amelia Nieto
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Center for
Biotechnology, Spanish National Research Council, Madrid, Spain
- Consortium CIBER of Respiratory Diseases, Spain
| | - Ana Falcon
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Center for
Biotechnology, Spanish National Research Council, Madrid, Spain
- Consortium CIBER of Respiratory Diseases, Spain
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153
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Nomura N, Matsuno K, Shingai M, Ohno M, Sekiya T, Omori R, Sakoda Y, Webster RG, Kida H. Updating the influenza virus library at Hokkaido University -It's potential for the use of pandemic vaccine strain candidates and diagnosis. Virology 2021; 557:55-61. [PMID: 33667751 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2021.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Genetic reassortment of influenza A viruses through cross-species transmission contributes to the generation of pandemic influenza viruses. To provide information on the ecology of influenza viruses, we have been conducting a global surveillance of zoonotic influenza and establishing an influenza virus library. Of 4580 influenza virus strains in the library, 3891 have been isolated from over 70 different bird species. The remaining 689 strains were isolated from humans, pigs, horses, seal, whale, and the environment. Phylogenetic analyses of the HA genes of the library isolates demonstrate that the library strains are distributed to all major known clusters of the H1, H2 and H3 subtypes of HA genes that are prevalent in humans. Since past pandemic influenza viruses are most likely genetic reassortants of zoonotic and seasonal influenza viruses, a vast collection of influenza A virus strains from various hosts should be useful for vaccine preparation and diagnosis for future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Nomura
- Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Keita Matsuno
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masashi Shingai
- Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Global Station for Zoonosis Control, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE) Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Marumi Ohno
- Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Toshiki Sekiya
- Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Global Station for Zoonosis Control, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE) Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ryosuke Omori
- Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Sakoda
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Global Station for Zoonosis Control, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE) Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | - Hiroshi Kida
- Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Global Station for Zoonosis Control, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE) Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Collaborating Research Center for the Control and Prevention of Infectious Diseases, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.
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154
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Fomsgaard A, Liu MA. The Key Role of Nucleic Acid Vaccines for One Health. Viruses 2021; 13:258. [PMID: 33567520 PMCID: PMC7916035 DOI: 10.3390/v13020258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has highlighted both the importance of One Health, i.e., the interactions and transmission of pathogens between animals and humans, and the potential power of gene-based vaccines, specifically nucleic acid vaccines. This review will highlight key aspects of the development of plasmid DNA Nucleic Acid (NA) vaccines, which have been licensed for several veterinary uses, and tested for a number of human diseases, and will explain how an understanding of their immunological and real-world attributes are important for their efficacy, and how they helped pave the way for mRNA vaccines. The review highlights how combining efforts for vaccine development for both animals and humans is crucial for advancing new technologies and for combatting emerging diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Fomsgaard
- Department of Virology and Microbiological Special Diagnostic, Statens Serum Institut, 5 Artillerivej, DK-2300 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Margaret A. Liu
- ProTherImmune, 3656 Happy Valley Road, Lafayette, CA 94549, USA
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155
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Shi J, Wang L, McVey DS. Of pigs and men: the best-laid plans for prevention and control of swine fevers. Anim Front 2021; 11:6-13. [PMID: 33575093 PMCID: PMC7863345 DOI: 10.1093/af/vfaa052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jishu Shi
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
| | - Lihua Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
| | - David Scott McVey
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska Lincoln, VBS, Lincoln, NE
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156
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Blanchard EL, Vanover D, Bawage SS, Tiwari PM, Rotolo L, Beyersdorf J, Peck HE, Bruno NC, Hincapie R, Michel F, Murray J, Sadhwani H, Vanderheyden B, Finn MG, Brinton MA, Lafontaine ER, Hogan RJ, Zurla C, Santangelo PJ. Treatment of influenza and SARS-CoV-2 infections via mRNA-encoded Cas13a in rodents. Nat Biotechnol 2021; 39:717-726. [PMID: 33536629 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-021-00822-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cas13a has been used to target RNA viruses in cell culture, but efficacy has not been demonstrated in animal models. In this study, we used messenger RNA (mRNA)-encoded Cas13a for mitigating influenza virus A and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in mice and hamsters, respectively. We designed CRISPR RNAs (crRNAs) specific for PB1 and highly conserved regions of PB2 of influenza virus, and against the replicase and nucleocapsid genes of SARS-CoV-2, and selected the crRNAs that reduced viral RNA levels most efficiently in cell culture. We delivered polymer-formulated Cas13a mRNA and the validated guides to the respiratory tract using a nebulizer. In mice, Cas13a degraded influenza RNA in lung tissue efficiently when delivered after infection, whereas in hamsters, Cas13a delivery reduced SARS-CoV-2 replication and reduced symptoms. Our findings suggest that Cas13a-mediated targeting of pathogenic viruses can mitigate respiratory infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmeline L Blanchard
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Daryll Vanover
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Swapnil Subhash Bawage
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Pooja Munnilal Tiwari
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Laura Rotolo
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jared Beyersdorf
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Hannah E Peck
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Nicholas C Bruno
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Robert Hincapie
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Frank Michel
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Diagnostic Imaging, College of Veterinary Medicine University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Jackelyn Murray
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Heena Sadhwani
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Bob Vanderheyden
- Analytics and Data Science Institute, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, USA
| | - M G Finn
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Margo A Brinton
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Eric R Lafontaine
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Robert J Hogan
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Diagnostic Imaging, College of Veterinary Medicine University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.,Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Chiara Zurla
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Philip J Santangelo
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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157
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Watanabe T, Hayashi K, Kan T, Ohwaki M, Kawahara T. Anti-Influenza virus effects of Enterococcus faecalis KH2 and Lactobacillus plantarum SNK12 RNA. BIOSCIENCE OF MICROBIOTA FOOD AND HEALTH 2021; 40:43-49. [PMID: 33520568 PMCID: PMC7817512 DOI: 10.12938/bmfh.2020-019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial RNA has recently emerged as an immune-stimulating factor during viral
infection. The immune response in an organism is directly related to the progression of
virus infections. Lactic acid bacteria in particular have anticancer, bioprotective, and
antiallergic effects by modulating immunity. Here, we aimed to demonstrate the effect of
bacterial RNA on in vitro production of IL-12, a proinflammatory
cytokine, and on in vivo activity against influenza A virus (IFV)
infection. Oral administration of heat-killed Enterococcus faecalis KH2
(KH2) or Lactobacillus plantarum SNK12 (SNK) in IFV-infected mice
suppressed viral replication and stimulated production of virus-specific antibodies.
However, ribonuclease-treated KH2 or SNK abrogated the effect, reducing IL-12 production
in vitro and anti-IFV effects in vivo. Taken together,
KH2 or SNK showed antiviral effects in vivo when administered orally, and
the RNAs of KH2 and SNK play a part in these effects, despite the phylogenetic differences
between the bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Watanabe
- Graduate School of Engineering, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto, Kasugai, Aichi 487-8501, Japan.,Bio-Lab Co., Ltd., 2-1-3 Komagawa, Hidaka, Saitama 350-1249, Japan
| | - Kyoko Hayashi
- Graduate School of Engineering, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto, Kasugai, Aichi 487-8501, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Kan
- Bio-Lab Co., Ltd., 2-1-3 Komagawa, Hidaka, Saitama 350-1249, Japan
| | - Makoto Ohwaki
- Non-Profit Organisation, The Japanese Association of Clinical Research on Supplements, 1-9-24 Shihogi, Hidaka, Saitama 350-1248, Japan
| | - Toshio Kawahara
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto, Kasugai, Aichi 487-8501, Japan
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158
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Brázda V, Porubiaková O, Cantara A, Bohálová N, Coufal J, Bartas M, Fojta M, Mergny JL. G-quadruplexes in H1N1 influenza genomes. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:77. [PMID: 33485319 PMCID: PMC7823172 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07377-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Influenza viruses are dangerous pathogens. Seventy-Seven genomes of recently emerged genotype 4 reassortant Eurasian avian-like H1N1 virus (G4-EA-H1N1) are currently available. We investigated the presence and variation of potential G-quadruplex forming sequences (PQS), which can serve as targets for antiviral treatment. RESULTS PQS were identified in all 77 genomes. The total number of PQS in G4-EA-H1N1 genomes was 571. Interestingly, the number of PQS per genome in individual close relative viruses varied from 4 to 12. PQS were not randomly distributed in the 8 segments of the G4-EA-H1N1 genome, the highest frequency of PQS being found in the NP segment (1.39 per 1000 nt), which is considered a potential target for antiviral therapy. In contrast, no PQS was found in the NS segment. Analyses of variability pointed the importance of some PQS; even if genome variation of influenza virus is extreme, the PQS with the highest G4Hunter score is the most conserved in all tested genomes. G-quadruplex formation in vitro was experimentally confirmed using spectroscopic methods. CONCLUSIONS The results presented here hint several G-quadruplex-forming sequences in G4-EA-H1N1 genomes, that could provide good therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Václav Brázda
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 135, 612 65, Brno, Czech Republic.
- Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 118, 612 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Otília Porubiaková
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 135, 612 65, Brno, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 118, 612 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Alessio Cantara
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 135, 612 65, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Natália Bohálová
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 135, 612 65, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Coufal
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 135, 612 65, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Bartas
- Department of Biology and Ecology/Institute of Environmental Technologies, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, 710 00, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Fojta
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 135, 612 65, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jean-Louis Mergny
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 135, 612 65, Brno, Czech Republic.
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159
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Park JA, Kim J, Kim SM, Sohn H, Park C, Kim TH, Lee JH, Lee MH, Lee T. Fabrication of Electrochemical Influenza Virus (H1N1) Biosensor Composed of Multifunctional DNA Four-Way Junction and Molybdenum Disulfide Hybrid Material. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:E343. [PMID: 33445498 PMCID: PMC7827127 DOI: 10.3390/ma14020343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The outbreak of the influenza virus (H1N1) has symptoms such as coughing, fever, and a sore throat, and due to its high contagious power, it is fatal to humans. To detect H1N1 precisely, the present study proposed an electrochemical biosensor composed of a multifunctional DNA four-way junction (4WJ) and carboxyl molybdenum disulfide (carboxyl-MoS2) hybrid material. The DNA 4WJ was constructed to have the hemagglutinin aptamer on the head group (recognition part); each of the two arms has four silver ions (signal amplification part), and the tail group has an amine group (anchor). This fabricated multifunctional DNA 4WJ can specifically and selectively bind to hemagglutinin. Moreover, the carboxyl-MoS2 provides an increase in the sensitivity of this biosensor. Carboxyl-MoS2 was immobilized using a linker on the electrode, followed by the immobilization of the multifunctional 4WJ on the electrode. The synthesis of carboxyl-MoS2 was confirmed by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and the surface of the electrode was confirmed by atomic force microscopy. When H1N1 was placed in the immobilized electrode, the presence of H1N1 was confirmed by electrochemical analysis (cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy). Through selectivity tests, it was also possible to determine whether this sensor responds specifically and selectively to H1N1. We confirmed that the biosensor showed a linear response to H1N1, and that H1N1 could be detected from 100 nM to 10 pM. Finally, clinical tests, in which hemagglutinin was diluted with human serum, showed a similar tendency to those diluted with water. This study showed that the multi-functional DNA 4WJ and carboxyl-MoS2 hybrid material can be applied to a electrochemical H1N1 biosensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Ah Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 20, Kwangwoon-Ro, Seoul 01897, Korea; (J.A.P.); (J.K.); (S.M.K.); (H.S.); (C.P.)
| | - Jinmyeong Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 20, Kwangwoon-Ro, Seoul 01897, Korea; (J.A.P.); (J.K.); (S.M.K.); (H.S.); (C.P.)
| | - Soo Min Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 20, Kwangwoon-Ro, Seoul 01897, Korea; (J.A.P.); (J.K.); (S.M.K.); (H.S.); (C.P.)
| | - Hiesang Sohn
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 20, Kwangwoon-Ro, Seoul 01897, Korea; (J.A.P.); (J.K.); (S.M.K.); (H.S.); (C.P.)
| | - Chulhwan Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 20, Kwangwoon-Ro, Seoul 01897, Korea; (J.A.P.); (J.K.); (S.M.K.); (H.S.); (C.P.)
| | - Tae-Hyung Kim
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 84, Heukseok-ro, Seoul 06974, Korea;
| | - Jin-Ho Lee
- School of Biomedical Convergence Engineering, Pusan National University, 49, Busandaehak-ro, Yangsan 50612, Korea;
| | - Min-Ho Lee
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 84, Heukseok-ro, Seoul 06974, Korea;
| | - Taek Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 20, Kwangwoon-Ro, Seoul 01897, Korea; (J.A.P.); (J.K.); (S.M.K.); (H.S.); (C.P.)
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160
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Seasonal influenza during pregnancy. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2021; 258:235-239. [PMID: 33476926 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2021.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Seasonal Influenza is an acute respiratory illness caused by Influenza A or B viruses. Its presentation is commonly with signs and symptoms of upper respiratory tract involvement such as cough, sore throat and runny nose, associated with generalized systemic symptoms such as fever, headaches, myalgia, and weakness. The severity of symptoms is very variable, ranging from mild self-limiting infection to severe acute respiratory illness requiring intensive interventions. It usually occurs during the winter season and can lead to outbreaks and epidemics worldwide. Influenza is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in high-risk populations including pregnant women and up to two weeks postpartum. Rapid and accurate diagnosis of Influenza is necessary for prompt treatment to reduce morbidity. General public health measures and vaccination are recommended to reduce morbidity and control the spread of the disease. There are many published articles on the several Influenza epidemics that have occurred in this century. In this article, we aim to review the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of seasonal Influenza during pregnancy. We performed an electronic search on PubMed, Cochrane database, National guidelines clearing house and Google Scholar databases.
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161
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Dürrwald R, Wedde M, Biere B, Oh DY, Heßler-Klee M, Geidel C, Volmer R, Hauri AM, Gerst K, Thürmer A, Appelt S, Reiche J, Duwe S, Buda S, Wolff T, Haas W. Zoonotic infection with swine A/H1 avN1 influenza virus in a child, Germany, June 2020. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 25. [PMID: 33094718 PMCID: PMC7651875 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2020.25.42.2001638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A zoonotic A/sw/H1avN1 1C.2.2 influenza virus infection was detected in a German child that presented with influenza-like illness, including high fever. There was a history of close contact with pigs 3 days before symptom onset. The child recovered within 3 days. No other transmissions were observed. Serological investigations of the virus isolate revealed cross-reactions with ferret antisera against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus, indicating a closer antigenic relationship with A(H1N1)pdm09 than with the former seasonal H1N1 viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Renate Volmer
- Landesbetrieb Hessisches Landeslabor (LHL), Fachgebiet II.4 Tiergesundheitsdienste, Gießen, Germany
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162
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Biomimetic Nanopillar-Based Biosensor for Label-Free Detection of Influenza A Virus. BIOCHIP JOURNAL 2021; 15:260-267. [PMID: 34122741 PMCID: PMC8184868 DOI: 10.1007/s13206-021-00027-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Since the first emergence of influenza viruses, they have caused the flu seasonally worldwide. Precise detection of influenza viruses is required to prevent the spreading of the disease. Herein, we developed an optical biosensor using peptide-immobilized nanopillar structures for the label-free detection of influenza viruses. The spin-on-glass nanopillar structures were fabricated by nanoimprint lithography. A sialic acid-mimic peptide, which can specifically bind to hemagglutinin on the surface of the influenza virus, was immobilized onto the nanopillars via polymerized dopamine. The constructed nanopillar sensor enabled us to detect influenza A viruses in the range of 103-105 plaque-forming units through simple measurements of reflectance. Our findings suggest that biomimetic modification of nanopillar structures can be an alternative method for the immunodiagnosis of influenza viruses.
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163
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Duev-Cohen A, Isaacson B, Berhani O, Charpak-Amikam Y, Friedman N, Drori Y, Mandelboim M, Mandelboim O. Altered NKp46 Recognition and Elimination of Influenza B Viruses. Viruses 2020; 13:v13010034. [PMID: 33375516 PMCID: PMC7824211 DOI: 10.3390/v13010034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Every year, millions of people worldwide are infected with influenza, causing enormous health and economic problems. The most common type of influenza is influenza A. It is known that Natural Killer (NK) cells play an important role in controlling influenza A infection, mostly through the recognition of the viral protein hemagglutinin (HA) by the activating receptor, NKp46. In contrast, little is known regarding NK cell recognition of influenza B viruses, even though they are responsible for a third of all pediatric influenza deaths and are therefore included in the seasonal vaccine each year. Here we show that NKp46 also recognizes influenza B viruses. We show that NKp46 binds the HA protein of influenza B in a sialic acid-dependent manner, and identified the glycosylated residue in NKp46, which is critical for this interaction. We discovered that this interaction has a binding affinity approximately seven times lower than NKp46 binding of influenza A’s HA. Finally, we demonstrated, using mice deficient for the mouse orthologue of NKp46, named NCR1, that NKp46 is not important for influenza B elimination. These findings enable us to better understand the interactions between the different influenza viruses and NK cells that are known to be crucial for viral elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Duev-Cohen
- The Concern Foundation Laboratories at the Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel; (A.D.-C.); (B.I.); (O.B.); (Y.C.-A.)
| | - Batya Isaacson
- The Concern Foundation Laboratories at the Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel; (A.D.-C.); (B.I.); (O.B.); (Y.C.-A.)
| | - Orit Berhani
- The Concern Foundation Laboratories at the Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel; (A.D.-C.); (B.I.); (O.B.); (Y.C.-A.)
| | - Yoav Charpak-Amikam
- The Concern Foundation Laboratories at the Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel; (A.D.-C.); (B.I.); (O.B.); (Y.C.-A.)
| | - Nehemya Friedman
- Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Public Health Services, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat-Gan 5265601, Israel; (N.F.); (Y.D.); (M.M.)
| | - Yaron Drori
- Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Public Health Services, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat-Gan 5265601, Israel; (N.F.); (Y.D.); (M.M.)
| | - Michal Mandelboim
- Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Public Health Services, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat-Gan 5265601, Israel; (N.F.); (Y.D.); (M.M.)
| | - Ofer Mandelboim
- The Concern Foundation Laboratories at the Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel; (A.D.-C.); (B.I.); (O.B.); (Y.C.-A.)
- Correspondence:
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164
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Walsh MG, Sawleshwarkar S, Hossain S, Mor SM. Whence the next pandemic? The intersecting global geography of the animal-human interface, poor health systems and air transit centrality reveals conduits for high-impact spillover. One Health 2020; 11:100177. [PMID: 33052311 PMCID: PMC7543735 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2020.100177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The health and economic impacts of infectious disease pandemics are catastrophic as most recently manifested by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The emerging infections that lead to substantive epidemics or pandemics are typically zoonoses that cross species boundaries at vulnerable points of animal-human interface. The sharing of space between wildlife and humans, and their domesticated animals, has dramatically increased in recent decades and is a key driver of pathogen spillover. Increasing animal-human interface has also occurred in concert with both increasing globalisation and failing health systems, resulting in a trifecta with dire implications for human and animal health. Nevertheless, to date we lack a geographical description of this trifecta that can be applied strategically to pandemic prevention. This investigation provides the first geographical quantification of the intersection of animal-human interfaces, poor human health system performance and global connectivity via the network of air travel. In so doing, this work provides a systematic, data-driven approach to classifying spillover hazard based on the distribution of animal-human interfaces while simultaneously identifying globally connected cities that are adjacent to these interfaces and which may facilitate global pathogen dissemination. We present this geography of high-impact spillover as a tool for developing targeted surveillance systems and improved health infrastructure in vulnerable areas that may present conduits for future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G. Walsh
- The University of Sydney, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
- The University of Sydney, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
- Prasanna School of Public Health, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Shailendra Sawleshwarkar
- The University of Sydney, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
- The University of Sydney, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
- Prasanna School of Public Health, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Shah Hossain
- The University of Sydney, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
- Prasanna School of Public Health, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Siobhan M. Mor
- University of Liverpool, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Institute of Infection and Global Health Liverpool, Merseyside, United Kingdom
- International Livestock Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- The University of Sydney, Faculty of Science, School of Veterinary Science, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
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165
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Tang N, Lu CY, Sue SC, Chen TH, Jan JT, Huang MH, Huang CH, Chen CC, Chiang BL, Huang LM, Wu SC. Type IIb Heat Labile Enterotoxin B Subunit as a Mucosal Adjuvant to Enhance Protective Immunity against H5N1 Avian Influenza Viruses. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8040710. [PMID: 33266210 PMCID: PMC7768441 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8040710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human infections with highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 viruses persist as a major global health concern. Vaccination remains the primary protective strategy against H5N1 and other novel avian influenza virus infections. We investigated the use of E. coli type IIb heat labile enterotoxin B subunit (LTIIb-B5) as a mucosal adjuvant for intranasal immunizations with recombinant HA proteins against H5N1 avian influenza viruses. Use of LTIIb-B5 adjuvant elicited more potent IgG, IgA, and neutralizing antibody titers in both sera and bronchoalveolar lavage fluids, thus increasing protection against lethal virus challenges. LTIIb-B5 mucosal adjuvanticity was found to trigger stronger Th17 cellular response in spleen lymphocytes and cervical lymph nodes. Studies of anti-IL-17A monoclonal antibody depletion and IL-17A knockout mice also suggest the contribution from Th17 cellular response to anti-H5N1 protective immunity. Our results indicate a link between improved protection against H5N1 live virus challenges and increased Th17 response due to the use of LTIIb-B5 mucosal adjuvant with HA subunit proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neos Tang
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan; (N.T.); (T.-H.C.)
| | - Chun-Yi Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Children Hospital, Taipei 100226, Taiwan; (C.-Y.L.); (B.-L.C.); (L.-M.H.)
| | - Shih-Che Sue
- Department of Life Science, Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan;
| | - Ting-Hsuan Chen
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan; (N.T.); (T.-H.C.)
| | - Jia-Tsrong Jan
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan;
| | - Ming-Hsi Huang
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 35053, Taiwan;
| | - Chung-Hsiung Huang
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202301, Taiwan;
| | - Chung-Chu Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan;
- Teaching Center of Natural Science, Minghsin University of Science and Technology, Hsinchu 202301, Taiwan
| | - Bor-Luen Chiang
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Children Hospital, Taipei 100226, Taiwan; (C.-Y.L.); (B.-L.C.); (L.-M.H.)
| | - Li-Min Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Children Hospital, Taipei 100226, Taiwan; (C.-Y.L.); (B.-L.C.); (L.-M.H.)
| | - Suh-Chin Wu
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan; (N.T.); (T.-H.C.)
- Department of Medical Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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166
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Molecular evolution and characterization of hemagglutinin and neuraminidase of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses isolated in Beijing, China, during the 2017-2018 and 2018-2019 influenza seasons. Arch Virol 2020; 166:179-189. [PMID: 33145635 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-020-04869-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
We investigated and analysed the molecular evolution of hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus during the 2017-2018 and 2018-2019 influenza seasons in Beijing, China. We collected and extracted RNA from influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 strains from Peking University People's Hospital and analyzed their HA and NA genes by RT-PCR and sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis of HA and NA sequences was used to compare the amino acid sequences of 51 strains with those of reference strains. All strains belonged to subclade 6B.1, with S162N and I216T substitutions (H1 numbering). Our strains differed from strain A/Michigan/45/2015, with the substitutions S91R, S181T and I312V in the HA antigenic epitope. An E189G mutation was detected in the 190 helix of the receptor binding region of HA. A new potential glycosylation site, 179 (NQT), which was not detected before the 2015 influenza season, was identified. Two strains were mutated at I223, the NA inhibitor resistance site. During 2012-2019, amino acids of HA and NA mutated over time. Co-occurrence mutations N146D, S200P, S202I and A273T in HA appeared along with Q51K, F74S and D416N in NA in six strains during two influenza seasons. Our work reveals the molecular changes and phylogenetic characteristics of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus and suggests that a vaccine probably provides suboptimal protection. The biological characteristics of the new glycosylation and drug-resistance sites detected in this work need to be studied further. The co-occurrence of mutations in HA and NA might affect the characteristics of the virus and need to be given more attention.
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167
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Wallert M, Nie C, Anilkumar P, Abbina S, Bhatia S, Ludwig K, Kizhakkedathu JN, Haag R, Block S. Mucin-Inspired, High Molecular Weight Virus Binding Inhibitors Show Biphasic Binding Behavior to Influenza A Viruses. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e2004635. [PMID: 33135314 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202004635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Multivalent binding inhibitors are a promising new class of antivirals that prevent virus infections by inhibiting virus binding to cell membranes. The design of these inhibitors is challenging as many properties, for example, inhibitor size and functionalization with virus attachment factors, strongly influence the inhibition efficiency. Here, virus binding inhibitors are synthesized, the size and functionalization of which are inspired by mucins, which are naturally occurring glycosylated proteins with high molecular weight (MDa range) and interact efficiently with various viruses. Hyperbranched polyglycerols (hPGs) with molecular weights ranging between 10 and 2600 kDa are synthesized, thereby hitting the size of mucins and allowing for determining the impact of inhibitor size on the inhibition efficiency. The hPGs are functionalized with sialic acids and sulfates, as suggested from the structure of mucins, and their inhibition efficiency is determined by probing the inhibition of influenza A virus (IAV) binding to membranes using various methods. The largest, mucin-sized inhibitor shows potent inhibition at pm concentrations, while the inhibition efficiency decreases with decreasing the molecular weight. Interestingly, the concentration-dependent IAV inhibition shows a biphasic behavior, which is attributed to differences in the binding affinity of the inhibitors to the two IAV envelope proteins, neuraminidase, and hemagglutinin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Wallert
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Emmy-Noether Group "Bionanointerfaces", Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Chuanxiong Nie
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Macromolecular Chemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Parambath Anilkumar
- Centre for Blood Research, Life Sciences Institute, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Srinivas Abbina
- Centre for Blood Research, Life Sciences Institute, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Sumati Bhatia
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Macromolecular Chemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Kai Ludwig
- Research Center for Electron Microscopy and Core Facility BioSupraMol, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstr. 36a, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Jayachandran N Kizhakkedathu
- Centre for Blood Research, Life Sciences Institute, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Rainer Haag
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Macromolecular Chemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Stephan Block
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Emmy-Noether Group "Bionanointerfaces", Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, Berlin, 14195, Germany
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168
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Design, synthesis and in vitro anti-influenza A virus evaluation of novel quinazoline derivatives containing S-acetamide and NH-acetamide moieties at C-4. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 206:112706. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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169
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Cell-penetrating peptide-mediated cell entry of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18008. [PMID: 33093460 PMCID: PMC7582914 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74604-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) poses a huge threat to public health and the global economy. These viruses cause systemic infection in poultry and accidental human infection leads to severe pneumonia, associated with high mortality rates. The hemagglutinin (HA) of H5N1 HPAIV possesses multiple basic amino acids, as in the sequence RERRRKKR at the cleavage site; however, the role of this motif is not fully understood. Here, we showed that a 33-amino acid long peptide derived from HA of H5N1 HPAIV (HA314-46) has the potential to penetrate various cells and lung tissue through a sialic acid-independent endocytotic pathway. Mutant peptide analyses revealed that the cysteine residue at position 318 and multiple basic amino acids were essential for the cell-penetrating activity. Moreover, reassortant viruses possessing H5 HA could enter sialic acid-deficient cells, and virus internalisation was facilitated by cleavage with recombinant furin. Thus, our findings demonstrate that the HA314-46 motif exhibits cell-penetrating activity through a sialic acid-independent cell entry mechanism.
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170
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Toots M, Yoon JJ, Cox RM, Hart M, Sticher ZM, Makhsous N, Plesker R, Barrena AH, Reddy PG, Mitchell DG, Shean RC, Bluemling GR, Kolykhalov AA, Greninger AL, Natchus MG, Painter GR, Plemper RK. Characterization of orally efficacious influenza drug with high resistance barrier in ferrets and human airway epithelia. Sci Transl Med 2020; 11:11/515/eaax5866. [PMID: 31645453 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aax5866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Influenza viruses constitute a major health threat and economic burden globally, frequently exacerbated by preexisting or rapidly emerging resistance to antiviral therapeutics. To address the unmet need of improved influenza therapy, we have created EIDD-2801, an isopropylester prodrug of the ribonucleoside analog N 4-hydroxycytidine (NHC, EIDD-1931) that has shown broad anti-influenza virus activity in cultured cells and mice. Pharmacokinetic profiling demonstrated that EIDD-2801 was orally bioavailable in ferrets and nonhuman primates. Therapeutic oral dosing of influenza virus-infected ferrets reduced group pandemic 1 and group 2 seasonal influenza A shed virus load by multiple orders of magnitude and alleviated fever, airway epithelium histopathology, and inflammation, whereas postexposure prophylactic dosing was sterilizing. Deep sequencing highlighted lethal viral mutagenesis as the underlying mechanism of activity and revealed a prohibitive barrier to the development of viral resistance. Inhibitory concentrations were low nanomolar against influenza A and B viruses in disease-relevant well-differentiated human air-liquid interface airway epithelia. Correlating antiviral efficacy and cytotoxicity thresholds with pharmacokinetic profiles in human airway epithelium models revealed a therapeutic window >1713 and established dosing parameters required for efficacious human therapy. These data recommend EIDD-2801 as a clinical candidate with high potential for monotherapy of seasonal and pandemic influenza virus infections. Our results inform EIDD-2801 clinical trial design and drug exposure targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mart Toots
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Jeong-Joong Yoon
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Robert M Cox
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Michael Hart
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Zachary M Sticher
- Emory Institute for Drug Development, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Negar Makhsous
- Virology Division, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Roland Plesker
- Veterinary Medicine Division, Paul-Ehrlich-Institute, Federal Institute for Vaccines and Biomedicines, 63225 Langen, Germany
| | - Alec H Barrena
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Prabhakar G Reddy
- Emory Institute for Drug Development, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Deborah G Mitchell
- Emory Institute for Drug Development, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Ryan C Shean
- Virology Division, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Gregory R Bluemling
- Emory Institute for Drug Development, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | | | - Alexander L Greninger
- Virology Division, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Michael G Natchus
- Emory Institute for Drug Development, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - George R Painter
- Emory Institute for Drug Development, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Richard K Plemper
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
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171
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Royce K, Fu F. Mathematically modeling spillovers of an emerging infectious zoonosis with an intermediate host. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237780. [PMID: 32845922 PMCID: PMC7449412 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Modeling the behavior of zoonotic pandemic threats is a key component of their control. Many emerging zoonoses, such as SARS, Nipah, and Hendra, mutated from their wild type while circulating in an intermediate host population, usually a domestic species, to become more transmissible among humans, and this transmission route will only become more likely as agriculture and trade intensifies around the world. Passage through an intermediate host enables many otherwise rare diseases to become better adapted to humans, and so understanding this process with accurate mathematical models is necessary to prevent epidemics of emerging zoonoses, guide policy interventions in public health, and predict the behavior of an epidemic. In this paper, we account for a zoonotic disease mutating in an intermediate host by introducing a new mathematical model for disease transmission among three species. We present a model of these disease dynamics, including the equilibria of the system and the basic reproductive number of the pathogen, finding that in the presence of biologically realistic interspecies transmission parameters, a zoonotic disease with the capacity to mutate in an intermediate host population can establish itself in humans even if its R0 in humans is less than 1. This result and model can be used to predict the behavior of any zoonosis with an intermediate host and assist efforts to protect public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Royce
- Dartmouth College Mathematics Department, Hanover, NH, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Feng Fu
- Dartmouth College Mathematics Department, Hanover, NH, United States of America
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172
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Liang L, Ahamed A, Ge L, Fu X, Lisak G. Advances in Antiviral Material Development. Chempluschem 2020; 85:2105-2128. [PMID: 32881384 PMCID: PMC7461489 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202000460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The rise in human pandemics demands prudent approaches in antiviral material development for disease prevention and treatment via effective protective equipment and therapeutic strategy. However, the current state of the antiviral materials research is predominantly aligned towards drug development and its related areas, catering to the field of pharmaceutical technology. This review distinguishes the research advances in terms of innovative materials exhibiting antiviral activities that take advantage of fast-developing nanotechnology and biopolymer technology. Essential concepts of antiviral principles and underlying mechanisms are illustrated, followed with detailed descriptions of novel antiviral materials including inorganic nanomaterials, organic nanomaterials and biopolymers. The biomedical applications of the antiviral materials are also elaborated based on the specific categorization. Challenges and future prospects are discussed to facilitate the research and development of protective solutions and curative treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Liang
- School of Civil and Environmental EngineeringNanyang Technological University50 Nanyang Ave, N1 01a–29Singapore639798Singapore
- Interdisciplinary Graduate ProgramNanyang Technological University1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech OneSingapore637141Singapore
- Residues and Resource Reclamation CentreNanyang Environment and Water Research Institute Nanyang Technological University1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech OneSingapore637141Singapore
| | - Ashiq Ahamed
- Residues and Resource Reclamation CentreNanyang Environment and Water Research Institute Nanyang Technological University1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech OneSingapore637141Singapore
- Laboratory of Molecular Science and EngineeringJohan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre Åbo Akademi UniversityFI-20500Turku/ÅboFinland
| | - Liya Ge
- Residues and Resource Reclamation CentreNanyang Environment and Water Research Institute Nanyang Technological University1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech OneSingapore637141Singapore
| | - Xiaoxu Fu
- School of Civil and Environmental EngineeringNanyang Technological University50 Nanyang Ave, N1 01a–29Singapore639798Singapore
- Residues and Resource Reclamation CentreNanyang Environment and Water Research Institute Nanyang Technological University1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech OneSingapore637141Singapore
| | - Grzegorz Lisak
- School of Civil and Environmental EngineeringNanyang Technological University50 Nanyang Ave, N1 01a–29Singapore639798Singapore
- Residues and Resource Reclamation CentreNanyang Environment and Water Research Institute Nanyang Technological University1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech OneSingapore637141Singapore
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173
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COVID-19 in Light of Seasonal Respiratory Infections. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9090240. [PMID: 32825427 PMCID: PMC7564908 DOI: 10.3390/biology9090240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A wide diversity of zoonotic viruses that are capable of overcoming host range barriers facilitate the emergence of new potentially pandemic viruses in the human population. When faced with a new virus that is rapidly emerging in the human population, we have a limited knowledge base to work with. The pandemic invasion of the new SARS-CoV-2 virus in 2019 provided a unique possibility to quickly learn more about the pathogenesis of respiratory viruses. In this review, the impact of pandemics on the circulation of seasonal respiratory viruses is considered. The emergence of novel respiratory viruses has often been accompanied by the disappearance of existing circulating strains. Some issues arising from the spread of pandemic viruses and underlying the choices of a strategy to fight the coronavirus infection are discussed.
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174
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Plasticity of the 340-Loop in Influenza Neuraminidase Offers New Insight for Antiviral Drug Development. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165655. [PMID: 32781779 PMCID: PMC7460844 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The recently discovered 340-cavity in influenza neuraminidase (NA) N6 and N7 subtypes has introduced new possibilities for rational structure-based drug design. However, the plasticity of the 340-loop (residues 342–347) and the role of the 340-loop in NA activity and substrate binding have not been deeply exploited. Here, we investigate the mechanism of 340-cavity formation and demonstrate for the first time that seven of nine NA subtypes are able to adopt an open 340-cavity over 1.8 μs total molecular dynamics simulation time. The finding that the 340-loop plays a role in the sialic acid binding pathway suggests that the 340-cavity can function as a druggable pocket. Comparing the open and closed conformations of the 340-loop, the side chain orientation of residue 344 was found to govern the formation of the 340-cavity. Additionally, the conserved calcium ion was found to substantially influence the stability of the 340-loop. Our study provides dynamical evidence supporting the 340-cavity as a druggable hotspot at the atomic level and offers new structural insight in designing antiviral drugs.
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175
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Teixeira SC, Borges BC, Oliveira VQ, Carregosa LS, Bastos LA, Santos IA, Jardim ACG, Melo FF, Freitas LM, Rodrigues VM, Lopes DS. Insights into the antiviral activity of phospholipases A 2 (PLA 2s) from snake venoms. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:616-625. [PMID: 32698062 PMCID: PMC7368918 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Viruses are associated with several human diseases that infect a large number of individuals, hence directly affecting global health and economy. Owing to the lack of efficient vaccines, antiviral therapy and emerging resistance strains, many viruses are considered as a potential threat to public health. Therefore, researches have been developed to identify new drug candidates for future treatments. Among them, antiviral research based on natural molecules is a promising approach. Phospholipases A2 (PLA2s) isolated from snake venom have shown significant antiviral activity against some viruses such as Dengue virus, Human Immunodeficiency virus, Hepatitis C virus and Yellow fever virus, and have emerged as an attractive alternative strategy for the development of novel antiviral therapy. Thus, this review provides an overview of remarkable findings involving PLA2s from snake venom that possess antiviral activity, and discusses the mechanisms of action mediated by PLA2s against different stages of virus replication cycle. Additionally, molecular docking simulations were performed by interacting between phospholipids from Dengue virus envelope and PLA2s from Bothrops asper snake venom. Studies on snake venom PLA2s highlight the potential use of these proteins for the development of broad-spectrum antiviral drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Teixeira
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Science, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - B C Borges
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Science, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - V Q Oliveira
- Multidisciplinary Institute of Health, Anísio Teixeira Campus, Federal University of Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil
| | - L S Carregosa
- Multidisciplinary Institute of Health, Anísio Teixeira Campus, Federal University of Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil
| | - L A Bastos
- Multidisciplinary Institute of Health, Anísio Teixeira Campus, Federal University of Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil
| | - I A Santos
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Biomedical Science, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - A C G Jardim
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Biomedical Science, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - F F Melo
- Multidisciplinary Institute of Health, Anísio Teixeira Campus, Federal University of Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil
| | - L M Freitas
- Multidisciplinary Institute of Health, Anísio Teixeira Campus, Federal University of Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil
| | - V M Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Animal Toxins, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil.
| | - D S Lopes
- Multidisciplinary Institute of Health, Anísio Teixeira Campus, Federal University of Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil; Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Bio-Function, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil.
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176
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Zhang Z, Morris‐Natschke SL, Cheng Y, Lee K, Li R. Development of anti‐influenza agents from natural products. Med Res Rev 2020; 40:2290-2338. [DOI: 10.1002/med.21707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi‐Jun Zhang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming China
| | - Susan L. Morris‐Natschke
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
| | - Yung‐Yi Cheng
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
| | - Kuo‐Hsiung Lee
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
- Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center China Medical University and Hospital Taichung Taiwan
| | - Rong‐Tao Li
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming China
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177
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Cheng C, Li J, Liu W, Xu L, Zhang Z. Modeling analysis revealed the distinct global transmission patterns of influenza A viruses and their influencing factors. Integr Zool 2020; 16:788-797. [PMID: 32649020 PMCID: PMC9292709 DOI: 10.1111/1749-4877.12469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Influenza A virus has caused huge damage to human health and poultry production worldwide, but its global transmission patterns and influencing factors remain unclear. Here, by using the Nearest Genetic Distance Approach with genetic sequences data, we reconstructed the global transmission patterns of 4 most common subtypes of influenza A virus (H1N1, H3N2, H5N1, and H7N9) and analyzed associations of transmission velocity of these influenza viruses with environmental factors. We found that the transmission patterns of influenza viruses and their associations with environmental factors were closely related to their host properties. H1N1 and H3N2, which are mainly held by humans, are transmitted between regions at high velocity and over long distances, which may be due to human transportation via airplane; while H5N1 and H7N9, which are mainly carried by animals, are transmitted locally at short distances and at low velocity, which may be facilitated by poultry transportation via railways or high ways. H1N1 and H3N2 spread faster in cold seasons, while H5N1 spread faster in both cold and warm seasons, and H7N9 spread faster in wet seasons. H1N1, H3N2, and H5N1 spread faster in places with both high and low human densities. Our study provided novel insights into the global transmission patterns, processes, and management strategies for influenza under accelerated global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyuan Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management on Pest Insects and Rodents in Agriculture, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjun Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhibin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management on Pest Insects and Rodents in Agriculture, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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178
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Influenza A viruses use multivalent sialic acid clusters for cell binding and receptor activation. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008656. [PMID: 32639985 PMCID: PMC7371231 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) binds its host cell using the major viral surface protein hemagglutinin (HA). HA recognizes sialic acid, a plasma membrane glycan that functions as the specific primary attachment factor (AF). Since sialic acid alone cannot fulfill a signaling function, the virus needs to activate downstream factors to trigger endocytic uptake. Recently, the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), a member of the receptor-tyrosine kinase family, was shown to be activated by IAV and transmit cell entry signals. However, how IAV’s binding to sialic acid leads to engagement and activation of EGFR remains largely unclear. We used multicolor super-resolution microscopy to study the lateral organization of both IAV’s AFs and its functional receptor EGFR at the scale of the IAV particle. Intriguingly, quantitative cluster analysis revealed that AFs and EGFR are organized in partially overlapping submicrometer clusters in the plasma membrane of A549 cells. Within AF domains, the local AF concentration reaches on average 10-fold the background concentration and tends to increase towards the cluster center, thereby representing a multivalent virus-binding platform. Using our experimentally measured cluster characteristics, we simulated virus diffusion on a flat membrane. The results predict that the local AF concentration strongly influences the distinct mobility pattern of IAVs, in a manner consistent with live-cell single-virus tracking data. In contrast to AFs, EGFR resides in smaller clusters. Virus binding activates EGFR, but interestingly, this process occurs without a major lateral EGFR redistribution, indicating the activation of pre-formed clusters, which we show are long-lived. Taken together, our results provide a quantitative understanding of the initial steps of influenza virus infection. Co-clustering of AF and EGFR permit a cooperative effect of binding and signaling at specific platforms, thus linking their spatial organization to their functional role during virus-cell binding and receptor activation. The plasma membrane is the major interface between a cell and its environment. This complex and dynamic organelle needs to protect, as a barrier, but also transmit subtle signals into and out of the cell. For the enveloped virus IAV, the plasma membrane represents both a major obstacle to overcome during infection, and the site for the assembly of progeny virus particles. However, the organisation of the plasma membrane–a key to understanding how viral entry works—at the scale of an infecting particle (length scales < 100 nm) remains largely unknown. Sialylated glycans serve as IAV attachment factors but are not able to transmit signals across the plasma membrane. Receptor tyrosine kinases were identified to be activated upon virus binding and serve as functional receptors. How IAV engages and activates its functional receptors while initially binding glycans still remains speculative. Here, we use super resolution microscopy to study the lateral organization of plasma membrane-bound molecules involved in IAV infection, as well as their functional relationship. We find that molecules are organized in submicrometer nanodomains and, in combination with virus diffusion simulations, present a mechanistic model for how IAV first engages with AFs in the plasma membrane to subsequently engage and trigger entry-associated membrane receptors.
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179
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Azevedo MLV, Malaquias MAS, de Paula CBV, de Souza CM, Júnior VHC, Raboni SM, Halila R, Rosendo G, Gozzo P, do Carmo LAP, Neto PC, Nagashima S, de Noronha L. The role of IL-17A/IL-17RA and lung injuries in children with lethal non-pandemic acute viral pneumonia. Immunobiology 2020; 225:151981. [PMID: 32747026 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2020.151981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate IL-17A (interleukin 17A) and IL-17RA (IL-17A receptor) in a pediatric population that died with non-pandemic acute viral pneumonia compared to the non-viral pneumonia group. Necropsy lung samples (n = 193) from children that died after severe acute infection pneumonia were selected and processed for viral antigen detection by immunohistochemistry. After this, they were separated into two groups: virus-positive (n = 68) and virus-negative lung samples (n = 125). Immunohistochemistry was performed to assess the presence of IL-17A and IL-17RA in the lung tissue. The virus-positive group showed stronger immunolabeling for IL-17A and IL-17RA (p = 0.020 and p < 0.001, respectively). The result of this study may suggest that IL-17A and IL-17RA plays an essential role in the maintenance of viral infection and lung injuries. These aspects may increase the severity of the inflammatory response leading to lethal lung injuries in these patients. Children with community-acquired non-pandemic pneumonia that requiring hospitalization could benefit from using IL-17RA/IL-17A monoclonal antibodies to block their injurious effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Luise Viola Azevedo
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Parana - PUCPR, R. Imaculada Conceição, 1155 - Prado Velho, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
| | - Mineia Alessandra Scaranello Malaquias
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Parana - PUCPR, R. Imaculada Conceição, 1155 - Prado Velho, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
| | - Caroline Busatta Vaz de Paula
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Parana - PUCPR, R. Imaculada Conceição, 1155 - Prado Velho, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
| | - Cleber Machado de Souza
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Parana - PUCPR, R. Imaculada Conceição, 1155 - Prado Velho, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
| | - Victor Horácio Costa Júnior
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Parana - PUCPR, R. Imaculada Conceição, 1155 - Prado Velho, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
| | - Sonia Mara Raboni
- Virology Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Division, Federal University of Parana - UFPR, R. Padre Camargo, 280 - Alto da Gloria, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
| | - Renata Halila
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Parana - PUCPR, R. Imaculada Conceição, 1155 - Prado Velho, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
| | - Giuliana Rosendo
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Parana - PUCPR, R. Imaculada Conceição, 1155 - Prado Velho, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
| | - Priscilla Gozzo
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Parana - PUCPR, R. Imaculada Conceição, 1155 - Prado Velho, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
| | - Leticia Arianne Panini do Carmo
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Parana - PUCPR, R. Imaculada Conceição, 1155 - Prado Velho, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
| | - Plínio Cézar Neto
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Parana - PUCPR, R. Imaculada Conceição, 1155 - Prado Velho, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
| | - Seigo Nagashima
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Parana - PUCPR, R. Imaculada Conceição, 1155 - Prado Velho, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
| | - Lucia de Noronha
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Parana - PUCPR, R. Imaculada Conceição, 1155 - Prado Velho, Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Department of Medical Pathology, Federal University of Parana - UFPR, R. Padre Camargo, 280 - Alto da Glória, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
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180
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Obesity and Higher Risk for Severe Complications of Covid-19: What to do when the two pandemics meet. JOURNAL OF POPULATION THERAPEUTICS AND CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 27:e31-e36. [PMID: 32650354 DOI: 10.15586/jptcp.v27isp1.708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has spread around the globe, infecting more than ten million individuals, with more than 500,000 dead; about one half of the infected people have recovered. Despite this fact, a subgroup of individuals affected by COVID-19 is at greater risk of developing worse outcomes and experience a high rate of mortality. Data on the association between obesity and COVID-19 are growing; the available studies, have reported a high prevalence of overweight and obesity in patients experiencing a severe COVID-19 course, with serious complications requiring hospitalization and admission to intensive care units. This paper attempts to highlight potential mechanisms behind the greater vulnerability to COVID-19 of individuals with obesity. The presence of uncontrolled chronic obesity-related comorbidities, particularly pulmonary diseases, can present a primary fertile soil for respiratory tract infection. Combined with immune system impairments, such as alteration in the T-cell proliferation and macrophage differentiation, and the high pro-inflammatory cytokine production by the adipose organ, this may worsen the general condition toward a systemic diffusion of infection. Prevention remains the first line of intervention in these patients that can be achieved by adhering to social distancing and adopting hygiene precautions, combined with a healthy lifestyle. Patients with obesity require preferential access dedicated to primary care services to ensure they are regularly taking their medications for the treatment of any concurrent chronic diseases. Finally, their physicians must promptly manage any medical signs or symptoms in the case of suspected severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV2) infection to prevent the risk of severe outcomes.
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181
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Wu G, Yu G, Yu Y, Yang S, Duan Z, Wang W, Liu Y, Yu R, Li J, Zhu T, Gu Q, Li D. Chemoreactive-Inspired Discovery of Influenza A Virus Dual Inhibitor to Block Hemagglutinin-Mediated Adsorption and Membrane Fusion. J Med Chem 2020; 63:6924-6940. [PMID: 32520560 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Owing to the emergence of drug resistance and high morbidity and mortality, the need for novel anti-influenza A virus (IAV) drugs with divergent targets is highly sought after. Herein, we reveal the discovery of an anti-IAV agent as a dual inhibitor to block hemagglutinin-mediated adsorption and membrane fusion using a chemoreactive ortho-quinone methide (o-QM) equivalent. Based on the o-QM equivalent nonenzymatically multipotent behavior, we created a series of clavatol-derived pseudo-natural products and found that penindolone (PND), a new diclavatol indole adduct, exhibited potent and broad-spectrum anti-IAV activities with low risk of inducing drug resistance. Distinct from current anti-IAV drugs, PND possesses a novel scaffold and is the first IAV inhibitor targeting both HA1 and HA2 subunits of virus hemagglutinin to dually block the IAV adsorption and membrane fusion process. More importantly, intranasal and oral administration of PND can protect mice against IAV-induced death and weight loss, superior to the effects of the clinical drug oseltamivir. Thus, the use of chemoreactive intermediates could expand our understanding of chemical diversity and aid in the development of anti-IAV drugs with novel targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangwei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education; School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 26003, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Guihong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education; School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 26003, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Yunjia Yu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education; School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 26003, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Shuang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education; School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 26003, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Zhongwei Duan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education; School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 26003, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education; School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 26003, Shandong, P. R. China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266200, People's Republic of China
| | - Yankai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education; School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 26003, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Rilei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education; School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 26003, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education; School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 26003, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Tianjiao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education; School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 26003, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Qianqun Gu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education; School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 26003, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Dehai Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education; School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 26003, Shandong, P. R. China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266200, People's Republic of China
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182
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Efficacy of Neuraminidase Inhibitors against H5N6 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus in a Nonhuman Primate Model. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2020; 64:AAC.02561-19. [PMID: 32284377 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02561-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Attention has been paid to H5N6 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) because of its heavy burden on the poultry industry and human mortality. Since an influenza A virus carrying N6 neuraminidase (NA) has never spread in humans, the potential for H5N6 HPAIV to cause disease in humans and the efficacy of antiviral drugs against the virus need to be urgently assessed. We used nonhuman primates to elucidate the pathogenesis of H5N6 HPAIV as well as to determine the efficacy of antiviral drugs against the virus. H5N6 HPAIV infection led to high fever in cynomolgus macaques. The lung injury caused by the virus was severe, with diffuse alveolar damage and neutrophil infiltration. In addition, an increase in interferon alpha (IFN-α) showed an inverse correlation with virus titers during the infection process. Oseltamivir was effective for reducing H5N6 HPAIV propagation, and continuous treatment with peramivir reduced virus propagation and the severity of symptoms in the early stage. This study also showed pathologically severe lung injury states in cynomolgus macaques infected with H5N6 HPAIV, even in those that received early antiviral drug treatments, indicating the need for close monitoring and further studies on virus pathogenicity and new antiviral therapies.
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183
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Zhu Y, Wang R, Yu L, Sun H, Tian S, Li P, Jin M, Chen H, Ma W, Zhou H. Human TRA2A determines influenza A virus host adaptation by regulating viral mRNA splicing. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaaz5764. [PMID: 32596447 PMCID: PMC7304988 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz5764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Several avian influenza A viruses (IAVs) have adapted to mammalian species, including humans. To date, the mechanisms enabling these host shifts remain incompletely understood. Here, we show that a host factor, human TRA2A (huTRA2A), inhibits avian IAV replication, but benefits human IAV replication by altered regulation of viral messenger RNA (mRNA) splicing. huTRA2A depresses mRNA splicing by binding to the intronic splicing silencer motif in the M mRNA of representative avian YS/H5N1 or in the NS mRNA of representative human PR8/H1N1 virus, leading to completely opposite effects on replication of the human and avian viruses in vitro and in vivo. We also confirm that the M-334 site and NS-234/236 sites are critical for TRA2A binding, mRNA splicing, viral replication, and pathogenicity. Our results reveal the underlying mechanisms of adaptation of avian influenza virus to human hosts, and suggest rational strategies to protect public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinxing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ruifang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Luyao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Huimin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shan Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Peng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Meilin Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Huanchun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wenjun Ma
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Hongbo Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
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184
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Vo TS, Vo TTTN, Vo TTBC. Coronavirus Infection Prevention by Wearing Masks. Eurasian J Med 2020; 52:197-201. [PMID: 32612431 PMCID: PMC7311128 DOI: 10.5152/eurasianjmed.2020.20056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) [2019-nCoV; severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)] was first detected in Wuhan, China at the end of 2019. In current status, spread of COVID-19 in person-to-person could be caused mainly by respiratory droplets, which leads to the spread of the influenza virus in both community and clinicians. Thus, in order to reduce the risk of that, the urgent management strategies against COVID-19 are to block transmission, isolation, protection, and using drug or vaccine updated on an ongoing basis. unfortunately, no drugs or vaccines still has yet been allowed to treat patients with COVID-19, so the rapid detection of effective intercessions against COVID-19 is seemed a major challenge on the all world. Herein, this article attempts summarizing to introduce the characterization of COVID-19, the influence of droplets travel in person-to-person transmission and the effect of wearing masks in the infection prevention of influenza virus, as well as understanding its advantage and role in the coronavirus infection prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Sinh Vo
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Tran Thi Thu Ngoc Vo
- Department of Acupuntur, Tuina and Moxibustion, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Anhui, China
- Qui Nhon City Hospital, Binh Dinh, Vietnam
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185
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Wang M, Zhang G, Wang Y, Wang J, Zhu M, Cen S, Wang Y. Design, synthesis and anti-influenza A virus activity of novel 2,4-disubstituted quinazoline derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:127143. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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186
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An R195K Mutation in the PA-X Protein Increases the Virulence and Transmission of Influenza A Virus in Mammalian Hosts. J Virol 2020; 94:JVI.01817-19. [PMID: 32161172 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01817-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the 21st century, the emergence of H7N9 and H1N1/2009 influenza viruses, originating from animals and causing severe human infections, has prompted investigations into the genetic alterations required for cross-species transmission. We previously found that replacement of the human-origin PA gene segment in avian influenza virus (AIV) could overcome barriers to cross-species transmission. Recently, it was reported that the PA gene segment encodes both the PA protein and a second protein, PA-X. Here, we investigated the role of PA-X. We found that an H9N2 avian influenza reassortant virus bearing a human-origin H1N1/2009 PA gene was attenuated in mice after the loss of PA-X. Reverse genetics analyses of PA-X substitutions conserved in human influenza viruses indicated that R195K, K206R, and P210L substitutions conferred significantly increased replication and pathogenicity on H9N2 virus in mice and ferrets. PA-X R195K was present in all human H7N9 and H1N1/2009 viruses and predominated in human H5N6 viruses. Compared with PA-X 195R, H7N9 influenza viruses bearing PA-X 195K showed increased replication and transmission in ferrets. We further showed that PA-X 195K enhanced lung inflammatory responses, potentially due to decreased host shutoff function. A competitive transmission study in ferrets indicated that 195K provides a replicative advantage over 195R in H1N1/2009 viruses. In contrast, PA-X 195K did not influence the virulence of H9N2 AIV in chickens, suggesting that the effects of the substitution were mammal specific. Therefore, future surveillance efforts should scrutinize this region of PA-X because of its potential impact on cross-species transmission of influenza viruses.IMPORTANCE Four influenza pandemics in humans (the Spanish flu of 1918 [H1N1], the Asian flu of 1957 [H2N2], the Hong Kong flu of 1968 [H3N2], and the swine origin flu of 2009 [H1N1]) are all proposed to have been caused by avian or swine influenza viruses that acquired virulence factors through adaptive mutation or reassortment with circulating human viruses. Currently, influenza viruses circulating in animals are repeatedly transmitted to humans, posing a significant threat to public health. However, the molecular properties accounting for interspecies transmission of influenza viruses remain unclear. In the present study, we demonstrated that PA-X plays an important role in cross-species transmission of influenza viruses. At least three human-specific amino acid substitutions in PA-X dramatically enhanced the adaptation of animal influenza viruses in mammals. In particular, PA-X 195K might have contributed to cross-species transmission of H7N9, H5N6, and H1N1/2009 viruses from animal reservoirs to humans.
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187
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Sant AJ. The Way Forward: Potentiating Protective Immunity to Novel and Pandemic Influenza Through Engagement of Memory CD4 T Cells. J Infect Dis 2020; 219:S30-S37. [PMID: 30715376 PMCID: PMC6452298 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Potentially pandemic strains of influenza pose an undeniable threat to human populations. Therefore, it is essential to develop better strategies to enhance vaccine design and predict parameters that identify susceptible humans. CD4 T cells are a central component of protective immunity to influenza, delivering direct effector function and potentiating responses of other lymphoid cells. Humans have highly diverse influenza-specific CD4 T-cell populations that vary in stimulation history, specificity, and functionality. These complexities constitute a formidable obstacle to predicting immune responses to pandemic strains of influenza and derivation of optimal vaccine strategies. We suggest that more precise efforts to identify and enumerate both the positive and negative contributors of immunity in the CD4 T-cell compartment will aid in both predicting susceptible hosts and in development of vaccination strategies that will poise most human subjects to respond to pandemic influenza strains with protective immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea J Sant
- David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, New York
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188
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de Castro S, Ginex T, Vanderlinden E, Laporte M, Stevaert A, Cumella J, Gago F, Camarasa MJ, Luque FJ, Naesens L, Velazquez S. N-benzyl 4,4-disubstituted piperidines as a potent class of influenza H1N1 virus inhibitors showing a novel mechanism of hemagglutinin fusion peptide interaction. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 194:112223. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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189
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Brett TS, Rohani P. Dynamical footprints enable detection of disease emergence. PLoS Biol 2020; 18:e3000697. [PMID: 32433658 PMCID: PMC7239390 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Developing methods for anticipating the emergence or reemergence of infectious diseases is both important and timely; however, traditional model-based approaches are stymied by uncertainty surrounding the underlying drivers. Here, we demonstrate an operational, mechanism-agnostic detection algorithm for disease (re-)emergence based on early warning signals (EWSs) derived from the theory of critical slowing down. Specifically, we used computer simulations to train a supervised learning algorithm to detect the dynamical footprints of (re-)emergence present in epidemiological data. Our algorithm was then challenged to forecast the slowly manifesting, spatially replicated reemergence of mumps in England in the mid-2000s and pertussis post-1980 in the United States. Our method successfully anticipated mumps reemergence 4 years in advance, during which time mitigation efforts could have been implemented. From 1980 onwards, our model identified resurgent states with increasing accuracy, leading to reliable classification starting in 1992. Additionally, we successfully applied the detection algorithm to 2 vector-transmitted case studies, namely, outbreaks of dengue serotypes in Puerto Rico and a rapidly unfolding outbreak of plague in 2017 in Madagascar. Taken together, these findings illustrate the power of theoretically informed machine learning techniques to develop early warning systems for the (re-)emergence of infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias S. Brett
- Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
- Center for the Ecology of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Pejman Rohani
- Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
- Center for the Ecology of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
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190
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Park MS, Kim JI, Bae JY, Park MS. Animal models for the risk assessment of viral pandemic potential. Lab Anim Res 2020; 36:11. [PMID: 32337177 PMCID: PMC7175453 DOI: 10.1186/s42826-020-00040-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pandemics affect human lives severely and globally. Experience predicts that there will be a pandemic for sure although the time is unknown. When a viral epidemic breaks out, assessing its pandemic risk is an important part of the process that characterizes genomic property, viral pathogenicity, transmission in animal model, and so forth. In this review, we intend to figure out how a pandemic may occur by looking into the past influenza pandemic events. We discuss interpretations of the experimental evidences resulted from animal model studies and extend implications of viral pandemic potentials and ingredients to emerging viral epidemics. Focusing on the pandemic potential of viral infectious diseases, we suggest what should be assessed to prevent global catastrophes from influenza virus, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, dengue and Zika viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mee Sook Park
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea 02841
| | - Jin Il Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea 02841
| | - Joon-Yong Bae
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea 02841
| | - Man-Seong Park
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea 02841
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191
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Khorsand B, Savadi A, Zahiri J, Naghibzadeh M. Alpha influenza virus infiltration prediction using virus-human protein-protein interaction network. MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES AND ENGINEERING : MBE 2020; 17:3109-3129. [PMID: 32987519 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2020176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
More than ten million deaths make influenza virus one of the deadliest of history. About half a million sever illnesses are annually reported consequent of influenza. Influenza is a parasite which needs the host cellular machinery to replicate its genome. To reach the host, viral proteins need to interact with the host proteins. Therefore, identification of host-virus protein interaction network (HVIN) is one of the crucial steps in treating viral diseases. Being expensive, time-consuming and laborious of HVIN experimental identification, force the researches to use computational methods instead of experimental ones to obtain a better understanding of HVIN. In this study, several features are extracted from physicochemical properties of amino acids, combined with different centralities of human protein-protein interaction network (HPPIN) to predict protein-protein interactions between human proteins and Alphainfluenzavirus proteins (HI-PPIs). Ensemble learning methods were used to predict such PPIs. Our model reached 0.93 accuracy, 0.91 sensitivity and 0.95 specificity. Moreover, a database including 694522 new PPIs was constructed by prediction results of the model. Further analysis showed that HPPIN centralities, gene ontology semantic similarity and conjoint triad of virus proteins are the most important features to predict HI-PPIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Khorsand
- Computer Engineering Department, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Abdorreza Savadi
- Computer Engineering Department, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Javad Zahiri
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Naghibzadeh
- Computer Engineering Department, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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192
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Zhao Y, Sun F, Li L, Chen T, Cao S, Ding G, Cong F, Liu J, Qin L, Liu S, Xiao Y. Evolution and Pathogenicity of the H1 and H3 Subtypes of Swine Influenza Virus in Mice between 2016 and 2019 in China. Viruses 2020; 12:v12030298. [PMID: 32182849 PMCID: PMC7150921 DOI: 10.3390/v12030298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pigs are considered a “mixing vessel” that can produce new influenza strains through genetic reassortments, which pose a threat to public health and cause economic losses worldwide. The timely surveillance of the epidemiology of the swine influenza virus is of importance for prophylactic action. In this study, 15 H1N1, one H1N2, and four H3N2 strains were isolated from a total of 4080 nasal swabs which were collected from 20 pig farms in three provinces in China between 2016 and 2019. All the isolates were clustered into four genotypes. A new genotype represented by the H1N2 strain was found, whose fragments came from the triple reassortant H1N2 lineage, classical swine influenza virus (cs-H1N1) lineage, and 2009 H1N1 pandemic virus lineage. A/Sw/HB/HG394/2018(H1N1), which was clustered into the cs-H1N1 lineage, showed a close relationship with the 1918 pandemic virus. Mutations determining the host range specificity were found in the hemagglutinin of all isolates, which indicated that all the isolates had the potential for interspecies transmission. To examine pathogenicity, eight isolates were inoculated into 6-week-old female BALB/c mice. The isolates replicated differently, producing different viral loadings in the mice; A/Swine/HB/HG394/2018(H1N1) replicated the most efficiently. This suggested that the cs-H1N1 reappeared, and more attention should be given to the new pandemic to pigs. These results indicated that new reassortments between the different strains occurred, which may increase potential risks to human health. Continuing surveillance is imperative to monitor swine influenza A virus evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhong Zhao
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai’an 271018, China; (Y.Z.); (F.S.); (L.L.); (S.C.); (G.D.); (F.C.); (J.L.); (S.L.)
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
| | - Fachao Sun
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai’an 271018, China; (Y.Z.); (F.S.); (L.L.); (S.C.); (G.D.); (F.C.); (J.L.); (S.L.)
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai’an 271018, China; (Y.Z.); (F.S.); (L.L.); (S.C.); (G.D.); (F.C.); (J.L.); (S.L.)
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Shandong New Hope Liuhe Group Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266100, China; (T.C.); (L.Q.)
| | - Shengliang Cao
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai’an 271018, China; (Y.Z.); (F.S.); (L.L.); (S.C.); (G.D.); (F.C.); (J.L.); (S.L.)
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
| | - Guofei Ding
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai’an 271018, China; (Y.Z.); (F.S.); (L.L.); (S.C.); (G.D.); (F.C.); (J.L.); (S.L.)
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
| | - Fangyuan Cong
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai’an 271018, China; (Y.Z.); (F.S.); (L.L.); (S.C.); (G.D.); (F.C.); (J.L.); (S.L.)
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai’an 271018, China; (Y.Z.); (F.S.); (L.L.); (S.C.); (G.D.); (F.C.); (J.L.); (S.L.)
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
| | - Liting Qin
- Shandong New Hope Liuhe Group Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266100, China; (T.C.); (L.Q.)
| | - Sidang Liu
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai’an 271018, China; (Y.Z.); (F.S.); (L.L.); (S.C.); (G.D.); (F.C.); (J.L.); (S.L.)
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
| | - Yihong Xiao
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai’an 271018, China; (Y.Z.); (F.S.); (L.L.); (S.C.); (G.D.); (F.C.); (J.L.); (S.L.)
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
- Correspondence:
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193
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Type II fuzzy set-based data analytics to explore amino acid associations in protein sequences of Swine Influenza Virus. Appl Soft Comput 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.asoc.2019.105856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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194
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Lu PH, Ma YD, Fu CY, Lee GB. A structure-free digital microfluidic platform for detection of influenza a virus by using magnetic beads and electromagnetic forces. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:789-797. [PMID: 31956865 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc01126a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
H1N1, a subtype of influenza A virus, has emerged as a global threat in the past decades. Due to its highly infectious nature, an accurate and rapid detection assay is urgently required. Therefore, this study presents a new type of digital microfluidic platform for H1N1 virus detection by utilizing a one-aptamer/two-antibodies assay on magnetic beads. The droplets containing magnetic beads were driven by electromagnetic forces on a structure-free, super-hydrophobic surface to automate the entire assay within 40 min. With different levels of hydrophobic modification, the droplets could be easily controlled and positioned without any assisted microstructure. The tunable electromagnetic forces could be adjusted for three kinds of operating modes for the manipulations of beads and droplets, including movement of droplets containing magnetic beads, mixing of two droplets and beads extraction out of droplets. When compared with previous studies, the manipulations of droplets and magnetic particles in this study are more flexible as they can be easily adjusted by fine-tuning the magnetic flux density. Furthermore, the magnetic beads also served as three-dimensional substrates for the new enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)-like assay. The magnetic beads were conjugated with aptamers, which have high specificity towards H1N1 viruses such that they could be specifically captured and detected. The horseradish peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibody was then used to activate tyramide-tetramethylrhodamine (TTMR) such that fluorescent signals could be amplified. With this approach, the limit of detection was experimentally found to be 0.032 hemagglutination units/reaction, which is sensitive enough for clinical diagnostics. This kind of digital microfluidic platform with the ELISA-like assay could effectively reduce the consumption of samples and reagents such that the volume of all droplets including the H1N1 sample, antibodies, TTMR and wash buffers was only 20 μL. This is the first time that a digital microfluidic platform was demonstrated such that the entire diagnostic process for influenza A H1N1 viruses could be performed by using electromagnetic forces, which could be promising for rapid and accurate diagnosis of influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Hsien Lu
- Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Dong Ma
- Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan.
| | - Chien-Yu Fu
- Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan.
| | - Gwo-Bin Lee
- Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan. and Institute of NanoEngineering and Microsystems, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
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195
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Bravo-Vasquez N, Baumberger C, Jimenez-Bluhm P, Di Pillo F, Lazo A, Sanhueza J, Schultz-Cherry S, Hamilton-West C. Risk factors and spatial relative risk assessment for influenza A virus in poultry and swine in backyard production systems of central Chile. Vet Med Sci 2020; 6:518-526. [PMID: 32086880 PMCID: PMC7397882 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Backyard production systems (BPS) are a common form of poultry and swine production worldwide. The limited implementation of biosecurity standards in these operations makes BPS a potential source for the emergence of pathogens that have an impact on both animal and public health. Information regarding circulation of influenza A virus (IAV) in poultry and swine raised in BPS is scarce; particularly in South American countries. The objective of this study was to estimate prevalence and seroprevalence of IAV in BPS in central Chile, identify subtype diversity, evaluate risk factors and spatial relative risk for IAV. Samples were collected from 329 BPS from central Chile. Seroprevalence at BPS level was 34.7% (95% CI: 23.1%–46.2%), 19.7% (95% CI: 9.9%–30.6%) and 11.7% (95% CI: 7.2%–16.4%), whereas prevalence at BPS level was 4.2% (95% CI: 0.0%–8.8%), 8.2% (95% CI: 0.8%–14.0%) and 9.2% (95% CI: 4.8%–13.1%), for the Metropolitan, Valparaiso and LGB O’Higgins regions, respectively. Spatial analysis revealed that central‐western area of Metropolitan region and the southern province of Valparaiso region could be considered as high‐risk areas for IAV (spatial relative risk = 2.2, p < .05). Logistic regression models identified the practice of breeding both poultry and pigs at the BPS as a risk factor (95% CI 1.06–3.75). From 75 IAV ELISA‐positive sera, 20 chicken sera had haemagglutination inhibition titres ranging from 20 to 160, and of these, 11 had microneutralization titres ranging from 40 to 960 for one or more IAV subtypes. Identified subtypes were H1, H3, H4, H9, H10 and H12. Results from this study highlight the need for further IAV surveillance programmes in BPS in Chile. Early detection of IAV strains circulating in backyard animals, especially in regions with large human populations, could have an enormous impact on animal and public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Bravo-Vasquez
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Saint Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Cecilia Baumberger
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Pedro Jimenez-Bluhm
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Francisca Di Pillo
- Núcleo de Investigaciones Aplicadas en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Universidad de Las Americas, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andres Lazo
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Juan Sanhueza
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, St Paul, MN, USA
| | - Stacey Schultz-Cherry
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Saint Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
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196
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Zhao L, Xia M, Wang K, Lai C, Fan H, Gu H, Yang P, Wang X. A Long Non-coding RNA IVRPIE Promotes Host Antiviral Immune Responses Through Regulating Interferon β1 and ISG Expression. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:260. [PMID: 32153544 PMCID: PMC7044153 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating studies have shown that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) modulate multiple biological processes, including immune response. However, the underlying mechanisms of lncRNAs regulating host antiviral immune response are not well elucidated. In this study, we report that analysis of the existing dataset transcriptome of blood immune cells of patients with influenza A virus (IAV) infection and after recovery (GSE108807) identified a novel lncRNA, termed as IVRPIE (Inhibiting IAV Replication by Promoting IFN and ISGs Expression), was involved in antiviral innate immunity. In vitro studies showed that IVRPIE was significantly upregulated in A549 cells after IAV infection. Gain-and-loss of function experiments displayed that enforced IVRPIE expression significantly inhibited IAV replication in A549 cells. Conversely, silencing IVRPIE promoted IAV replication. Furthermore, IVRPIE positively regulates the transcription of interferon β1 and several critical interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), including IRF1, IFIT1, IFIT3, Mx1, ISG15, and IFI44L, by affecting histone modification of these genes. In addition, hnRNP U was identified as an interaction partner for IVRPIE. Taken together, our findings suggested that a novel lncRNA IVRPIE is a critical regulator of host antiviral response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingna Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Min Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Keyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Chengcai Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Hongxia Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Hongjing Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Penghui Yang
- The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiliang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
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197
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Influenza and antiviral resistance: an overview. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2020; 39:1201-1208. [PMID: 32056049 PMCID: PMC7223162 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-020-03840-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Influenza affects approximately 1 billion individuals each year resulting in between 290,000 and 650,000 deaths. Young children and immunocompromised individuals are at a particularly high risk of severe illness attributable to influenza and these are also the groups of individuals in which reduced susceptibility to neuraminidase inhibitors is most frequently seen. High levels of resistance emerged with previous adamantane therapy for influenza A and despite no longer being used to treat influenza and therefore lack of selection pressure, high levels of adamantane resistance continue to persist in currently circulating influenza A strains. Resistance to neuraminidase inhibitors has remained at low levels to date and the majority of resistance is seen in influenza A H1N1 pdm09 infected immunocompromised individuals receiving oseltamivir but is also seen less frequently with influenza A H3N2 and B. Rarely, resistance is also seen in the immunocompetent. There is evidence to suggest that these resistant strains (particularly H1N1 pdm09) are able to maintain their replicative fitness and transmissibility, although there is no clear evidence that being infected with a resistant strain is associated with a worse clinical outcome. Should neuraminidase inhibitor resistance become more problematic in the future, there are a small number of alternative novel agents within the anti-influenza armoury with different mechanisms of action to neuraminidase inhibitors and therefore potentially effective against neuraminidase inhibitor resistant strains. Limited data from use of novel agents such as baloxavir marboxil and favipiravir, does however show that resistance variants can also emerge in the presence of these drugs.
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198
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Taniguchi M. Analysis Method of the Ion Current-Time Waveform Obtained from Low Aspect Ratio Solid-state Nanopores. ANAL SCI 2020; 36:161-165. [PMID: 31813895 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.19r009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Low aspect ratio nanopores are expected to be applied to the detection of viruses and bacteria because of their high spatial resolution. Multiphysics simulations have revealed that the ion current-time waveform obtained from low aspect ratio nanopores contains information on not only the volume of viruses and bacteria, but also the structure, surface charge, and flow dynamics. Analysis using machine learning extracts information about these analytes from the ion current-time waveform. The combination of low aspect ratio nanopores, multiphysics simulation, and machine learning has made it possible to distinguish different types of viruses and bacteria with high accuracy.
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199
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Advances in Fabrication of Polydiacetylene Vesicles and Their Applications in Medical Detection. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2040(19)61213-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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200
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Inter- Versus Intra-Host Sequence Diversity of pH1N1 and Associated Clinical Outcomes. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8010133. [PMID: 31963512 PMCID: PMC7022955 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8010133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The diversity of RNA viruses dictates their evolution in a particular host, community or environment. Here, we reported within- and between-host pH1N1virus diversity at consensus and sub-consensus levels over a three-year period (2015-2017) and its implications on disease severity. A total of 90 nasal samples positive for the pH1N1 virus were deep-sequenced and analyzed to detect low-frequency variants (LFVs) and haplotypes. Parallel evolution of LFVs was seen in the hemagglutinin (HA) gene across three scales: among patients (33%), across years (22%), and at global scale. Remarkably, investigating the emergence of LFVs at the consensus level demonstrated that within-host virus evolution recapitulates evolutionary dynamics seen at the global scale. Analysis of virus diversity at the HA haplotype level revealed the clustering of low-frequency haplotypes from early 2015 with dominant strains of 2016, indicating rapid haplotype evolution. Haplotype sharing was also noticed in all years, strongly suggesting haplotype transmission among patients infected during a specific influenza season. Finally, more than half of patients with severe symptoms harbored a larger number of haplotypes, mostly in patients under the age of five. Therefore, patient age, haplotype diversity, and the presence of certain LFVs should be considered when interpreting illness severity. In addition to its importance in understanding virus evolution, sub-consensus virus diversity together with whole genome sequencing is essential to explain variabilities in clinical outcomes that cannot be explained by either analysis alone.
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