151
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Roma LP, Jonas JC. Nutrient Metabolism, Subcellular Redox State, and Oxidative Stress in Pancreatic Islets and β-Cells. J Mol Biol 2019; 432:1461-1493. [PMID: 31634466 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2019.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Insulin-secreting pancreatic β-cells play a critical role in blood glucose homeostasis and the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in the context of insulin resistance. Based on data obtained at the whole cell level using poorly specific chemical probes, reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide have been proposed to contribute to the stimulation of insulin secretion by nutrients (positive role) and to the alterations of cell survival and secretory function in T2D (negative role). This raised the controversial hypothesis that any attempt to decrease β-cell oxidative stress and apoptosis in T2D would further impair insulin secretion. Over the last decade, the development of genetically-encoded redox probes that can be targeted to cellular compartments of interest and are specific of redox couples allowed the evaluation of short- and long-term effects of nutrients on β-cell redox changes at the subcellular level. The data indicated that the nutrient regulation of β-cell redox signaling and ROS toxicity is far more complex than previously thought and that the subcellular compartmentation of these processes cannot be neglected when evaluating the mechanisms of ROS production or the efficacy of antioxidant enzymes and antioxidant drugs under glucolipotoxic conditions and in T2D. In this review, we present what is currently known about the compartmentation of redox homeostatic systems and tools to investigate it. We then review data about the effects of nutrients on β-cell subcellular redox state under normal conditions and in the context of T2D and discuss challenges and opportunities in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia P Roma
- Universität des Saarlandes, Biophysics Department, Center for Human and Molecular Biology, Kirbergerstrasse Building 48, 66421, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Jean-Christophe Jonas
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Pole of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Avenue Hippocrate 55 (B1.55.06), B-1200 Brussels, Belgium.
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152
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Identification of C2CD4A as a human diabetes susceptibility gene with a role in β cell insulin secretion. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:20033-20042. [PMID: 31527256 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1904311116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Fine mapping and validation of genes causing β cell failure from susceptibility loci identified in type 2 diabetes genome-wide association studies (GWAS) poses a significant challenge. The VPS13C-C2CD4A-C2CD4B locus on chromosome 15 confers diabetes susceptibility in every ethnic group studied to date. However, the causative gene is unknown. FoxO1 is involved in the pathogenesis of β cell dysfunction, but its link to human diabetes GWAS has not been explored. Here we generated a genome-wide map of FoxO1 superenhancers in chemically identified β cells using 2-photon live-cell imaging to monitor FoxO1 localization. When parsed against human superenhancers and GWAS-derived diabetes susceptibility alleles, this map revealed a conserved superenhancer in C2CD4A, a gene encoding a β cell/stomach-enriched nuclear protein of unknown function. Genetic ablation of C2cd4a in β cells of mice phenocopied the metabolic abnormalities of human carriers of C2CD4A-linked polymorphisms, resulting in impaired insulin secretion during glucose tolerance tests as well as hyperglycemic clamps. C2CD4A regulates glycolytic genes, and notably represses key β cell "disallowed" genes, such as lactate dehydrogenase A We propose that C2CD4A is a transcriptional coregulator of the glycolytic pathway whose dysfunction accounts for the diabetes susceptibility associated with the chromosome 15 GWAS locus.
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153
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Tomas A, Jones B, Leech C. New Insights into Beta-Cell GLP-1 Receptor and cAMP Signaling. J Mol Biol 2019; 432:1347-1366. [PMID: 31446075 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2019.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Harnessing the translational potential of the GLP-1/GLP-1R system in pancreatic beta cells has led to the development of established GLP-1R-based therapies for the long-term preservation of beta cell function. In this review, we discuss recent advances in the current research on the GLP-1/GLP-1R system in beta cells, including the regulation of signaling by endocytic trafficking as well as the application of concepts such as signal bias, allosteric modulation, dual agonism, polymorphic receptor variants, spatial compartmentalization of cAMP signaling and new downstream signaling targets involved in the control of beta cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Tomas
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK.
| | - Ben Jones
- Section of Investigative Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Colin Leech
- Department of Surgery, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
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154
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Blanter M, Sork H, Tuomela S, Flodström-Tullberg M. Genetic and Environmental Interaction in Type 1 Diabetes: a Relationship Between Genetic Risk Alleles and Molecular Traits of Enterovirus Infection? Curr Diab Rep 2019; 19:82. [PMID: 31401790 PMCID: PMC6689284 DOI: 10.1007/s11892-019-1192-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW We provide an overview of the current knowledge regarding the natural history of human type 1 diabetes (T1D) and the documented associations between virus infections (in particular the enteroviruses) and disease development. We review studies that examine whether T1D-specific risk alleles in genes involved in the function of the immune system can alter susceptibility to virus infections or affect the magnitude of the host antiviral response. We also highlight where the major gaps in our knowledge exist and consider possible implications that new insights gained from the discussed gene-environment interaction studies may bring. RECENT FINDINGS A commonality between several of the studied T1D risk variants studied is their role in modulating the host immune response to viral infection. Generally, little support exists indicating that the risk variants increase susceptibility to infection and moreover, they usually appear to predispose the immune system towards a hyper-reactive state, decrease the risk of infection, and/or favor the establishment of viral persistence. In conclusion, although the current number of studies is limited, this type of research can provide important insights into the mechanisms that are central to disease pathogenesis and further describe how genetic and environmental factors jointly influence the risk of T1D development. The latter may provide genetic markers that could be used for patient stratification and for the selection of method(s) for disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marfa Blanter
- 0000 0000 9241 5705grid.24381.3cCenter for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- 0000 0001 0668 7884grid.5596.fLaboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, Leuven, EU Belgium
| | - Helena Sork
- 0000 0000 9241 5705grid.24381.3cCenter for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Soile Tuomela
- 0000 0000 9241 5705grid.24381.3cCenter for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Malin Flodström-Tullberg
- 0000 0000 9241 5705grid.24381.3cCenter for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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155
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Balboa D, Prasad RB, Groop L, Otonkoski T. Genome editing of human pancreatic beta cell models: problems, possibilities and outlook. Diabetologia 2019; 62:1329-1336. [PMID: 31161346 PMCID: PMC6647170 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-019-4908-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the molecular mechanisms behind beta cell dysfunction is essential for the development of effective and specific approaches for diabetes care and prevention. Physiological human beta cell models are needed for this work. We review the possibilities and limitations of currently available human beta cell models and how they can be dramatically enhanced using genome-editing technologies. In addition to the gold standard, primary isolated islets, other models now include immortalised human beta cell lines and pluripotent stem cell-derived islet-like cells. The scarcity of human primary islet samples limits their use, but valuable gene expression and functional data from large collections of human islets have been made available to the scientific community. The possibilities for studying beta cell physiology using immortalised human beta cell lines and stem cell-derived islets are rapidly evolving. However, the functional immaturity of these cells is still a significant limitation. CRISPR-Cas9 (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9) has enabled precise engineering of specific genetic variants, targeted transcriptional modulation and genome-wide genetic screening. These approaches can now be exploited to gain understanding of the mechanisms behind coding and non-coding diabetes-associated genetic variants, allowing more precise evaluation of their contribution to diabetes pathogenesis. Despite all the progress, genome editing in primary pancreatic islets remains difficult to achieve, an important limitation requiring further technological development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Balboa
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, PO Box 63, (Haartmaninkatu 8), FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rashmi B Prasad
- Genomics, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University Diabetes Centre, CRC, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Leif Groop
- Genomics, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University Diabetes Centre, CRC, Malmö, Sweden
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Centre of Excellence in Complex Disease Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo Otonkoski
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, PO Box 63, (Haartmaninkatu 8), FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland.
- Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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156
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Grieco FA, Schiavo AA, Brozzi F, Juan-Mateu J, Bugliani M, Marchetti P, Eizirik DL. The miRNAs miR-211-5p and miR-204-5p modulate ER stress in human beta cells. J Mol Endocrinol 2019; 63:139-149. [PMID: 31277072 PMCID: PMC6938585 DOI: 10.1530/jme-19-0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
miRNAs are a class of small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression. Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease characterized by insulitis (islets inflammation) and pancreatic beta cell destruction. The pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin 1 beta (IL1B) and interferon gamma (IFNG) are released during insulitis and trigger endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and expression of pro-apoptotic members of the BCL2 protein family in beta cells, thus contributing to their death. The nature of miRNAs that regulate ER stress and beta cell apoptosis remains to be elucidated. We have performed a global miRNA expression profile on cytokine-treated human islets and observed a marked downregulation of miR-211-5p. By real-time PCR and Western blot analysis, we confirmed cytokine-induced changes in the expression of miR-211-5p and the closely related miR-204-5p and downstream ER stress related genes in human beta cells. Blocking of endogenous miRNA-211-5p and miR-204-5p by the same inhibitor (it is not possible to block separately these two miRs) increased human beta cell apoptosis, as measured by Hoechst/propidium Iodide staining and by determination of cleaved caspase-3 activation. Interestingly, miRs-211-5p and 204-5p regulate the expression of several ER stress markers downstream of PERK, particularly the pro-apoptotic protein DDIT3 (also known as CHOP). Blocking CHOP expression by a specific siRNA partially prevented the increased apoptosis observed following miR-211-5p/miR-204-5p inhibition. These observations identify a novel crosstalk between miRNAs, ER stress and beta cell apoptosis in early type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Arturo Grieco
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Andrea Alex Schiavo
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Flora Brozzi
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jonas Juan-Mateu
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marco Bugliani
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Islet Cell Laboratory, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Piero Marchetti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Islet Cell Laboratory, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Décio L. Eizirik
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Corresponding author: Dr. Décio L. Eizirik, ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium, 808 Route de Lennik, 1070 Brussels, Belgium, Phone: +32 2 555 6242, Fax: +32 2 555 6239,
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157
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Jiang K, Chaimov D, Patel SN, Liang JP, Wiggins SC, Samojlik MM, Rubiano A, Simmons CS, Stabler CL. 3-D physiomimetic extracellular matrix hydrogels provide a supportive microenvironment for rodent and human islet culture. Biomaterials 2019; 198:37-48. [PMID: 30224090 PMCID: PMC6397100 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.08.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Organ-on-a-chip platforms serve as cost-efficient testbeds for screening pharmaceutical agents, mimicking natural physiology, and studying disease. In the field of diabetes, the development of an islet-on-a-chip platform would have broad implications in understanding disease pathology and discovering potential therapies. Islet microphysiological systems are limited, however, by their poor cell survival and function in culture. A key factor that has been implicated in this decline is the disruption of islet-matrix interactions following isolation. Herein, we sought to recapitulate the in vivo peri-islet niche using decellularized extracellular matrix (ECM) hydrogels. Sourcing from porcine bladder, lung, and pancreas tissues, 3-D ECM hydrogels were generated, characterized, and validated using both rodent and human pancreatic islets. Optimized decellularization protocols resulted in hydrogels with distinctive viscoelastic properties that correlated to their matrix composition. The in situ 3-D encapsulation of human or rat islets within ECM hydrogels resulted in improved functional stability over standard culture conditions. Islet composition and morphology were also altered, with enhanced retention of islet-resident endothelial cells and the formation of cord-like structures or sprouts emerging from the islet spheroid. These supportive 3-D physiomimetic ECM hydrogels can be leveraged within microfluidic platforms for the long-term culture of islets.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Jiang
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, United States
| | - D Chaimov
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, United States
| | - S N Patel
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, United States
| | - J-P Liang
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, United States
| | - S C Wiggins
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, United States
| | - M M Samojlik
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, United States
| | - A Rubiano
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - C S Simmons
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, United States; Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - C L Stabler
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, United States.
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158
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Oram RA, Sims EK, Evans-Molina C. Beta cells in type 1 diabetes: mass and function; sleeping or dead? Diabetologia 2019; 62:567-577. [PMID: 30767048 PMCID: PMC6688846 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-019-4822-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Histological analysis of donor pancreases coupled with measurement of serum C-peptide in clinical cohorts has challenged the idea that all beta cells are eventually destroyed in type 1 diabetes. These findings have raised a number of questions regarding how the remaining beta cells have escaped immune destruction, whether pools of 'sleeping' or dysfunctional beta cells could be rejuvenated and whether there is potential for new growth of beta cells. In this Review, we describe histological and in vivo evidence of persistent beta cells in type 1 diabetes and discuss the limitations of current methods to distinguish underlying beta cell mass in comparison with beta cell function. We highlight that evidence for new beta cell growth in humans many years from diagnosis is limited, and that this growth may be very minimal if at all present. We review recent contributions to the debate around beta cell abnormalities contributing to the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes. We also discuss evidence for restoration of beta cell function, as opposed to mass, in recent-onset type 1 diabetes, but highlight the absence of data supporting functional recovery in the setting of long-duration diabetes. Finally, future areas of research are suggested to help resolve the source and phenotype of residual beta cells that persist in some, but not all, people with type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard A Oram
- RILD Level 3, Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK.
- NIHR Exeter Clinical Research Facility, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK.
- The Academic Renal Unit, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK.
| | - Emily K Sims
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- The Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Carmella Evans-Molina
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- The Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, MS 2031A, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
- Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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159
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Dos Santos RS, Marroqui L, Velayos T, Olazagoitia-Garmendia A, Jauregi-Miguel A, Castellanos-Rubio A, Eizirik DL, Castaño L, Santin I. DEXI, a candidate gene for type 1 diabetes, modulates rat and human pancreatic beta cell inflammation via regulation of the type I IFN/STAT signalling pathway. Diabetologia 2019; 62:459-472. [PMID: 30478640 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-018-4782-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The initial stages of type 1 diabetes are characterised by an aberrant islet inflammation that is in part regulated by the interaction between type 1 diabetes susceptibility genes and environmental factors. Chromosome 16p13 is associated with type 1 diabetes and CLEC16A is thought to be the aetiological gene in the region. Recent gene expression analysis has, however, indicated that SNPs in CLEC16A modulate the expression of a neighbouring gene with unknown function named DEXI, encoding dexamethasone-induced protein (DEXI). We therefore evaluated the role of DEXI in beta cell responses to 'danger signals' and determined the mechanisms involved. METHODS Functional studies based on silencing or overexpression of DEXI were performed in rat and human pancreatic beta cells. Beta cell inflammation and apoptosis, driven by a synthetic viral double-stranded RNA, were evaluated by real-time PCR, western blotting and luciferase assays. RESULTS DEXI-silenced beta cells exposed to a synthetic double-stranded RNA (polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid [PIC], a by-product of viral replication) showed reduced activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 1 and lower production of proinflammatory chemokines that was preceded by a reduction in IFNβ levels. Exposure to PIC increased chromatin-bound DEXI and IFNβ promoter activity. This effect on IFNβ promoter was inhibited in DEXI-silenced beta cells, suggesting that DEXI is implicated in the regulation of IFNβ transcription. In a mirror image of knockdown experiments, DEXI overexpression led to increased levels of STAT1 and proinflammatory chemokines. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION These observations support DEXI as the aetiological gene in the type 1 diabetes-associated 16p13 genomic region, and provide the first indication of a link between this candidate gene and the regulation of local antiviral immune responses in beta cells. Moreover, our results provide initial information on the function of DEXI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinaldo S Dos Santos
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular (IBMC), and Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universitas Miguel Hernández, Elche, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Marroqui
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular (IBMC), and Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universitas Miguel Hernández, Elche, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa Velayos
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain
| | - Ane Olazagoitia-Garmendia
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Fisiology, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain
| | - Amaia Jauregi-Miguel
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Fisiology, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain
| | - Ainara Castellanos-Rubio
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Fisiology, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain
| | - Decio L Eizirik
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Luis Castaño
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Izortze Santin
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain.
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country, Barrio Sarriena, S/N, 48940, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain.
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160
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Colli ML, Paula FM, Marselli L, Marchetti P, Roivainen M, Eizirik DL, Op de Beeck A. Coxsackievirus B Tailors the Unfolded Protein Response to Favour Viral Amplification in Pancreatic β Cells. J Innate Immun 2019; 11:375-390. [PMID: 30799417 DOI: 10.1159/000496034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease characterized by islet inflammation and progressive pancreatic β cell destruction. The disease is triggered by a combination of genetic and environmental factors, but the mechanisms leading to the triggering of early innate and late adaptive immunity and consequent progressive pancreatic β cell death remain unclear. The insulin-producing β cells are active secretory cells and are thus particularly sensitive to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. ER stress plays an important role in the pathologic pathway leading to autoimmunity, islet inflammation, and β cell death. We show here that group B coxsackievirus (CVB) infection, a putative causative factor for T1D, induces a partial ER stress in rat and human β cells. The activation of the PERK/ATF4/CHOP branch is blunted while the IRE1α branch leads to increased spliced XBP1 expression and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activation. Interestingly, JNK1 activation is essential for CVB amplification in both human and rat β cells. Furthermore, a chemically induced ER stress preceding viral infection increases viral replication, in a process dependent on IRE1α activation. Our findings show that CVB tailors the unfolded protein response in β cells to support their replication, preferentially triggering the pro-viral IRE1α/XBP1s/JNK1 pathway while blocking the pro-apoptotic PERK/ATF4/CHOP pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maikel L Colli
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Flavia M Paula
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lorella Marselli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Piero Marchetti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Merja Roivainen
- Viral Infections Unit, Department of Infectious Disease, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Decio L Eizirik
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anne Op de Beeck
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium,
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161
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Guay C, Kruit JK, Rome S, Menoud V, Mulder NL, Jurdzinski A, Mancarella F, Sebastiani G, Donda A, Gonzalez BJ, Jandus C, Bouzakri K, Pinget M, Boitard C, Romero P, Dotta F, Regazzi R. Lymphocyte-Derived Exosomal MicroRNAs Promote Pancreatic β Cell Death and May Contribute to Type 1 Diabetes Development. Cell Metab 2019; 29:348-361.e6. [PMID: 30318337 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease initiated by the invasion of pancreatic islets by immune cells that selectively kill the β cells. We found that rodent and human T lymphocytes release exosomes containing the microRNAs (miRNAs) miR-142-3p, miR-142-5p, and miR-155, which can be transferred in active form to β cells favoring apoptosis. Inactivation of these miRNAs in recipient β cells prevents exosome-mediated apoptosis and protects non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice from diabetes development. Islets from protected NOD mice display higher insulin levels, lower insulitis scores, and reduced inflammation. Looking at the mechanisms underlying exosome action, we found that T lymphocyte exosomes trigger apoptosis and the expression of genes involved in chemokine signaling, including Ccl2, Ccl7, and Cxcl10, exclusively in β cells. The induction of these genes may promote the recruitment of immune cells and exacerbate β cell death during the autoimmune attack. Our data point to exosomal-miRNA transfer as a communication mode between immune and insulin-secreting cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudiane Guay
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 9, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Janine K Kruit
- Department of Pediatrics, Section Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Sophie Rome
- CarMeN Laboratory (INSERM 1060, INRA 1362, INSA), University of Lyon, Faculté de Médecine de Lyon Sud, Lyon, France
| | - Véronique Menoud
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 9, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Niels L Mulder
- Department of Pediatrics, Section Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Angelika Jurdzinski
- Department of Pediatrics, Section Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Francesca Mancarella
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy; Umberto Di Mario ONLUS Foundation - Toscana Life Science Park, Siena, Italy
| | - Guido Sebastiani
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy; Umberto Di Mario ONLUS Foundation - Toscana Life Science Park, Siena, Italy
| | - Alena Donda
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bryan J Gonzalez
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 9, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Camilla Jandus
- Department of Oncology, CHUV, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Karim Bouzakri
- UMR DIATHEC, EA 7294, Centre Européen d'Etude du Diabète, Université de Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Michel Pinget
- UMR DIATHEC, EA 7294, Centre Européen d'Etude du Diabète, Université de Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Christian Boitard
- Institut National de Santé et de Recherche Médicale U1016, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Pedro Romero
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Dotta
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy; Umberto Di Mario ONLUS Foundation - Toscana Life Science Park, Siena, Italy
| | - Romano Regazzi
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 9, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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162
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Tyka K, Jörns A, Turatsinze JV, Eizirik DL, Lenzen S, Gurgul-Convey E. MCPIP1 regulates the sensitivity of pancreatic beta-cells to cytokine toxicity. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:29. [PMID: 30631045 PMCID: PMC6328635 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1268-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The autoimmune-mediated beta-cell death in type 1 diabetes (T1DM) is associated with local inflammation (insulitis). We examined the role of MCPIP1 (monocyte chemotactic protein–induced protein 1), a novel cytokine-induced antiinflammatory protein, in this process. Basal MCPIP1 expression was lower in rat vs. human islets and beta-cells. Proinflammatory cytokines stimulated MCPIP1 expression in rat and human islets and in insulin-secreting cells. Moderate overexpression of MCPIP1 protected insulin-secreting INS1E cells against cytokine toxicity by a mechanism dependent on the presence of the PIN/DUB domain in MCPIP1. It also reduced cytokine-induced Chop and C/ebpβ expression and maintained MCL-1 expression. The shRNA-mediated suppression of MCPIP1 led to the potentiation of cytokine-mediated NFκB activation and cytokine toxicity in human EndoC-βH1 beta-cells. MCPIP1 expression was very high in infiltrated beta-cells before and after diabetes manifestation in the LEW.1AR1-iddm rat model of human T1DM. The extremely high expression of MCPIP1 in clonal beta-cells was associated with a failure of the regulatory feedback-loop mechanism, ER stress induction and high cytokine toxicity. In conclusion, our data indicate that the expression level of MCPIP1 affects the susceptibility of insulin-secreting cells to cytokines and regulates the mechanism of beta-cell death in T1DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Tyka
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Anne Jörns
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jean-Valery Turatsinze
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Decio L Eizirik
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sigurd Lenzen
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany.,Institute of Experimental Diabetes Research, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ewa Gurgul-Convey
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
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163
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Zhang L, Lanzoni G, Battarra M, Inverardi L, Zhang Q. Label-Free LC-MS/MS Strategy for Comprehensive Proteomic Profiling of Human Islets Collected Using Laser Capture Microdissection from Frozen Pancreata. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1871:253-264. [PMID: 30276744 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8814-3_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is caused by either loss of pancreatic islets β-cells (Type 1 Diabetes, T1D), insufficient insulin release in the islet β-cells coupled with insulin resistance in target tissues (Type 2 Diabetes, T2D), or impaired insulin release (genetic forms of diabetes and, possibly, T1D subtypes). The investigation of the islet proteome could elucidate facets of the pathogenesis of diabetes. Enzymatically isolated and cultured (EIC) islets are frequently used to investigate biochemical signaling pathways that could trigger β-cell changes and death in diabetes. However, they cannot fully reflect the natural protein composition and disease process of in vivo islets due to the stress from isolation procedures and in vitro culture. The laser capture microdissection method employs a high-energy laser source to separate the desired cells from the remaining tissue section in an environment which is well conserved and close to the natural condition. Here, we describe a label-free proteomic workflow of laser capture microdissected (LCM) human islets from fresh-frozen pancreas sections of cadaveric donors to obtain an accurate and unbiased profile of the pancreatic islet proteome. The workflow includes preparation of frozen tissue section, staining and dehydration, LCM islets collection, islet protein digestion, label-free Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), database search, and statistical analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Zhang
- Center for Translational Biomedical Research, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Kannapolis, NC, USA
| | - Giacomo Lanzoni
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Matteo Battarra
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Luca Inverardi
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Qibin Zhang
- Center for Translational Biomedical Research, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Kannapolis, NC, USA. .,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA.
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164
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Singh T, Sarmiento L, Luan C, Prasad RB, Johansson J, Cataldo LR, Renström E, Soneji S, Cilio C, Artner I. MafA Expression Preserves Immune Homeostasis in Human and Mouse Islets. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9120644. [PMID: 30567413 PMCID: PMC6315686 DOI: 10.3390/genes9120644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 1 (T1D) and type 2 (T2D) diabetes are triggered by a combination of environmental and/or genetic factors. Maf transcription factors regulate pancreatic beta (β)-cell function, and have also been implicated in the regulation of immunomodulatory cytokines like interferon-β (IFNβ1). In this study, we assessed MAFA and MAFB co-expression with pro-inflammatory cytokine signaling genes in RNA-seq data from human pancreatic islets. Interestingly, MAFA expression was strongly negatively correlated with cytokine-induced signaling (such as IFNAR1, DDX58) and T1D susceptibility genes (IFIH1), whereas correlation of these genes with MAFB was weaker. In order to evaluate if the loss of MafA altered the immune status of islets, MafA deficient mouse islets (MafA−/−) were assessed for inherent anti-viral response and susceptibility to enterovirus infection. MafA deficient mouse islets had elevated basal levels of Ifnβ1, Rig1 (DDX58 in humans), and Mda5 (IFIH1) which resulted in reduced virus propagation in response to coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) infection. Moreover, an acute knockdown of MafA in β-cell lines also enhanced Rig1 and Mda5 protein levels. Our results suggest that precise regulation of MAFA levels is critical for islet cell-specific cytokine production, which is a critical parameter for the inflammatory status of pancreatic islets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Singh
- Stem Cell Center, Lund University, 22184, Lund, Sweden.
| | | | - Cheng Luan
- Lund University Diabetes Center, 22184, Lund, Sweden.
| | | | | | | | - Erik Renström
- Lund University Diabetes Center, 22184, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Shamit Soneji
- Stem Cell Center, Lund University, 22184, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Corrado Cilio
- Lund University Diabetes Center, 22184, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Isabella Artner
- Stem Cell Center, Lund University, 22184, Lund, Sweden.
- Lund University Diabetes Center, 22184, Lund, Sweden.
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165
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Bioluminescent reporter assay for monitoring ER stress in human beta cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17738. [PMID: 30532033 PMCID: PMC6288136 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36142-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
During type 1 diabetes development, cells in the islets of Langerhans engage adaptive mechanisms in response to inflammatory signals to cope with stress, to restore cellular homeostasis, and to preserve cell function. Disruption of these mechanisms may induce the formation of a repertoire of stress-induced neoantigens, which are critical in the loss of tolerance to beta cells and the development of autoimmunity. While multiple lines of evidence argue for a critical role of the endoplasmic reticulum in these processes, the lack of tools to specifically monitor beta cell stress hampers the development of therapeutic interventions focusing on maintaining endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis. Here we designed and evaluated a stress-induced reporter in which induction of stress correlates with increased light emission. This Gaussia luciferase-based reporter system employs the unconventional cytoplasmic splicing of XBP1 to report ER stress in cells exposed to known ER-stress inducers. Linking this reporter to a human beta cell-specific promotor allows tracing ER-stress in isolated human beta cells as well as in the EndoC-βH1 cell line. This reporter system represents a valuable tool to assess ER stress in human beta cells and may aid the identification of novel therapeutics that can prevent beta cell stress in human pancreatic islets.
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166
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Gonzalez-Duque S, Azoury ME, Colli ML, Afonso G, Turatsinze JV, Nigi L, Lalanne AI, Sebastiani G, Carré A, Pinto S, Culina S, Corcos N, Bugliani M, Marchetti P, Armanet M, Diedisheim M, Kyewski B, Steinmetz LM, Buus S, You S, Dubois-Laforgue D, Larger E, Beressi JP, Bruno G, Dotta F, Scharfmann R, Eizirik DL, Verdier Y, Vinh J, Mallone R. Conventional and Neo-antigenic Peptides Presented by β Cells Are Targeted by Circulating Naïve CD8+ T Cells in Type 1 Diabetic and Healthy Donors. Cell Metab 2018; 28:946-960.e6. [PMID: 30078552 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Although CD8+ T-cell-mediated autoimmune β cell destruction occurs in type 1 diabetes (T1D), the target epitopes processed and presented by β cells are unknown. To identify them, we combined peptidomics and transcriptomics strategies. Inflammatory cytokines increased peptide presentation in vitro, paralleling upregulation of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I expression. Peptide sources featured several insulin granule proteins and all known β cell antigens, barring islet-specific glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit-related protein. Preproinsulin yielded HLA-A2-restricted epitopes previously described. Secretogranin V and its mRNA splice isoform SCG5-009, proconvertase-2, urocortin-3, the insulin gene enhancer protein ISL-1, and an islet amyloid polypeptide transpeptidation product emerged as antigens processed into HLA-A2-restricted epitopes, which, as those already described, were recognized by circulating naive CD8+ T cells in T1D and healthy donors and by pancreas-infiltrating cells in T1D donors. This peptidome opens new avenues to understand antigen processing by β cells and for the development of T cell biomarkers and tolerogenic vaccination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Gonzalez-Duque
- INSERM, U1016, Cochin Institute, 75014 Paris, France; CNRS, UMR8104, Cochin Institute, 75014 Paris, France; Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75014 Paris, France; ESPCI Paris, PSL University, Spectrométrie de Masse Biologique et Protéomique, CNRS USR3149, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Marie Eliane Azoury
- INSERM, U1016, Cochin Institute, 75014 Paris, France; CNRS, UMR8104, Cochin Institute, 75014 Paris, France; Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Maikel L Colli
- Université Libre de Bruxelles Center for Diabetes Research and Welbio, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Georgia Afonso
- INSERM, U1016, Cochin Institute, 75014 Paris, France; CNRS, UMR8104, Cochin Institute, 75014 Paris, France; Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Valery Turatsinze
- Université Libre de Bruxelles Center for Diabetes Research and Welbio, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laura Nigi
- University of Siena, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, Diabetes Unit and Fondazione Umberto di Mario ONLUS, Toscana Life Sciences, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Ana Ines Lalanne
- INSERM, U1016, Cochin Institute, 75014 Paris, France; CNRS, UMR8104, Cochin Institute, 75014 Paris, France; Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Guido Sebastiani
- University of Siena, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, Diabetes Unit and Fondazione Umberto di Mario ONLUS, Toscana Life Sciences, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Alexia Carré
- INSERM, U1016, Cochin Institute, 75014 Paris, France; CNRS, UMR8104, Cochin Institute, 75014 Paris, France; Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Sheena Pinto
- DKFZ, Division of Developmental Immunology, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Slobodan Culina
- INSERM, U1016, Cochin Institute, 75014 Paris, France; CNRS, UMR8104, Cochin Institute, 75014 Paris, France; Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Noémie Corcos
- INSERM, U1016, Cochin Institute, 75014 Paris, France; CNRS, UMR8104, Cochin Institute, 75014 Paris, France; Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Marco Bugliani
- University of Pisa, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Piero Marchetti
- University of Pisa, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Mathieu Armanet
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Cell Therapy Unit, Saint Louis Hospital, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Marc Diedisheim
- INSERM, U1016, Cochin Institute, 75014 Paris, France; CNRS, UMR8104, Cochin Institute, 75014 Paris, France; Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75014 Paris, France; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Service de Diabétologie, Cochin Hospital, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Bruno Kyewski
- DKFZ, Division of Developmental Immunology, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lars M Steinmetz
- Stanford University, School of Medicine, Department of Genetics and Stanford Genome Technology Center, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Genome Biology Unit, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Søren Buus
- Panum Institute, Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sylvaine You
- INSERM, U1016, Cochin Institute, 75014 Paris, France; CNRS, UMR8104, Cochin Institute, 75014 Paris, France; Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Daniele Dubois-Laforgue
- INSERM, U1016, Cochin Institute, 75014 Paris, France; CNRS, UMR8104, Cochin Institute, 75014 Paris, France; Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75014 Paris, France; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Service de Diabétologie, Cochin Hospital, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Etienne Larger
- INSERM, U1016, Cochin Institute, 75014 Paris, France; CNRS, UMR8104, Cochin Institute, 75014 Paris, France; Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75014 Paris, France; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Service de Diabétologie, Cochin Hospital, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Paul Beressi
- Centre Hospitalier de Versailles André Mignot, Service de Diabétologie, 78150 Le Chesnay, France
| | - Graziella Bruno
- University of Turin, Department of Medical Sciences, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Francesco Dotta
- University of Siena, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, Diabetes Unit and Fondazione Umberto di Mario ONLUS, Toscana Life Sciences, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Raphael Scharfmann
- INSERM, U1016, Cochin Institute, 75014 Paris, France; CNRS, UMR8104, Cochin Institute, 75014 Paris, France; Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Decio L Eizirik
- Université Libre de Bruxelles Center for Diabetes Research and Welbio, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Yann Verdier
- ESPCI Paris, PSL University, Spectrométrie de Masse Biologique et Protéomique, CNRS USR3149, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Joelle Vinh
- ESPCI Paris, PSL University, Spectrométrie de Masse Biologique et Protéomique, CNRS USR3149, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Roberto Mallone
- INSERM, U1016, Cochin Institute, 75014 Paris, France; CNRS, UMR8104, Cochin Institute, 75014 Paris, France; Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75014 Paris, France; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Service de Diabétologie, Cochin Hospital, 75014 Paris, France.
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167
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Oh E, Ahn M, Afelik S, Becker TC, Roep BO, Thurmond DC. Syntaxin 4 Expression in Pancreatic β-Cells Promotes Islet Function and Protects Functional β-Cell Mass. Diabetes 2018; 67:2626-2639. [PMID: 30305365 PMCID: PMC6245223 DOI: 10.2337/db18-0259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Syntaxin 4 (Stx4) enrichment in human and mouse islet grafts improves the success of transplants in reversing streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes in mice, although the underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive. Toward a further understanding of this, human islets and inducible transgenic mice that selectively overexpress Stx4 in islet β-cells (βTG-Stx4) were challenged with proinflammatory stressors in vitro and in vivo. Remarkably, βTG-Stx4 mice resisted the loss of β-cell mass and the glucose intolerance that multiple low doses of STZ induce. Under standard conditions, glucose tolerance was enhanced and mice maintained normal fasting glycemia and insulinemia. Conversely, Stx4 heterozygous knockout mice succumbed rapidly to STZ-induced glucose intolerance compared with their wild-type littermates. Human islet β-cells overexpressing Stx4 exhibited enhanced insulin secretory capability; resilience against proinflammatory cytokine-induced apoptosis; and reduced expression of the CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11 genes coordinate with decreased activation/nuclear localization of nuclear factor-κB. Finding ways to boost Stx4 expression presents a novel potential therapeutic avenue for promoting islet function and preserving β-cell mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunjin Oh
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Miwon Ahn
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Solomon Afelik
- Department of Surgery/Division of Transplantation, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Thomas C Becker
- Department of Internal Medicine, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Bart O Roep
- Department of Diabetes Immunology, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Debbie C Thurmond
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA
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168
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Cell Type-Selective Expression of Circular RNAs in Human Pancreatic Islets. Noncoding RNA 2018; 4:ncrna4040038. [PMID: 30486482 PMCID: PMC6316812 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna4040038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding distinct cell-type specific gene expression in human pancreatic islets is important for developing islet regeneration strategies and therapies to improve β-cell function in type 1 diabetes (T1D). While numerous transcriptome-wide studies on human islet cell-types have focused on protein-coding genes, the non-coding repertoire, such as long non-coding RNA, including circular RNAs, remains mostly unexplored. Here, we explored transcriptional landscape of human α-, β-, and exocrine cells from published total RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) datasets to identify circular RNAs (circRNAs). Our analysis revealed that circRNAs are highly abundant in both α- and β-cells. We identified 10,830 high-confidence circRNAs expressed in human α-, β-, and exocrine cells. The most highly expressed candidates were MAN1A2, RMST, and HIPK3 across the three cell-types. Alternate circular isoforms were observed for circRNAs in the three cell-types, indicative of potential distinct functions. Highly selective α- and β-cell circRNAs were identified, which is suggestive of their potential role in regulating β-cell function.
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169
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Ifie E, Russell MA, Dhayal S, Leete P, Sebastiani G, Nigi L, Dotta F, Marjomäki V, Eizirik DL, Morgan NG, Richardson SJ. Unexpected subcellular distribution of a specific isoform of the Coxsackie and adenovirus receptor, CAR-SIV, in human pancreatic beta cells. Diabetologia 2018; 61:2344-2355. [PMID: 30074059 PMCID: PMC6182664 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-018-4704-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The Coxsackie and adenovirus receptor (CAR) is a transmembrane cell-adhesion protein that serves as an entry receptor for enteroviruses and may be essential for their ability to infect cells. Since enteroviral infection of beta cells has been implicated as a factor that could contribute to the development of type 1 diabetes, it is often assumed that CAR is displayed on the surface of human beta cells. However, CAR exists as multiple isoforms and it is not known whether all isoforms subserve similar physiological functions. In the present study, we have determined the profile of CAR isoforms present in human beta cells and monitored the subcellular localisation of the principal isoform within the cells. METHODS Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded pancreatic sections from non-diabetic individuals and those with type 1 diabetes were studied. Immunohistochemistry, confocal immunofluorescence, electron microscopy and western blotting with isoform-specific antisera were employed to examine the expression and cellular localisation of the five known CAR isoforms. Isoform-specific qRT-PCR and RNA sequencing (RNAseq) were performed on RNA extracted from isolated human islets. RESULTS An isoform of CAR with a terminal SIV motif and a unique PDZ-binding domain was expressed at high levels in human beta cells at the protein level. A second isoform, CAR-TVV, was also present. Both forms were readily detected by qRT-PCR and RNAseq analysis in isolated human islets. Immunocytochemical studies indicated that CAR-SIV was the principal isoform in islets and was localised mainly within the cytoplasm of beta cells, rather than at the plasma membrane. Within the cells it displayed a punctate pattern of immunolabelling, consistent with its retention within a specific membrane-bound compartment. Co-immunofluorescence analysis revealed significant co-localisation of CAR-SIV with zinc transporter protein 8 (ZnT8), prohormone convertase 1/3 (PC1/3) and insulin, but not proinsulin. This suggests that CAR-SIV may be resident mainly in the membranes of insulin secretory granules. Immunogold labelling and electron microscopic analysis confirmed that CAR-SIV was localised to dense-core (insulin) secretory granules in human islets, whereas no immunolabelling of the protein was detected on the secretory granules of adjacent exocrine cells. Importantly, CAR-SIV was also found to co-localise with protein interacting with C-kinase 1 (PICK1), a protein recently demonstrated to play a role in insulin granule maturation and trafficking. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION The SIV isoform of CAR is abundant in human beta cells and is localised mainly to insulin secretory granules, implying that it may be involved in granule trafficking and maturation. We propose that this subcellular localisation of CAR-SIV contributes to the unique sensitivity of human beta cells to enteroviral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eseoghene Ifie
- Islet Biology Exeter (IBEx), Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, RILD Building (Level 4), Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Mark A Russell
- Islet Biology Exeter (IBEx), Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, RILD Building (Level 4), Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Shalinee Dhayal
- Islet Biology Exeter (IBEx), Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, RILD Building (Level 4), Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Pia Leete
- Islet Biology Exeter (IBEx), Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, RILD Building (Level 4), Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Guido Sebastiani
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena and Fondazione Umberto Di Mario ONLUS-Toscana Life Sciences, Siena, Italy
| | - Laura Nigi
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena and Fondazione Umberto Di Mario ONLUS-Toscana Life Sciences, Siena, Italy
| | - Francesco Dotta
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena and Fondazione Umberto Di Mario ONLUS-Toscana Life Sciences, Siena, Italy
| | - Varpu Marjomäki
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science/Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Decio L Eizirik
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) Center for Diabetes Research and Welbio, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Noel G Morgan
- Islet Biology Exeter (IBEx), Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, RILD Building (Level 4), Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Sarah J Richardson
- Islet Biology Exeter (IBEx), Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, RILD Building (Level 4), Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK.
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170
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Danilova T, Lindahl M. Emerging Roles for Mesencephalic Astrocyte-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (MANF) in Pancreatic Beta Cells and Diabetes. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1457. [PMID: 30386256 PMCID: PMC6198132 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF) was originally identified as a secreted trophic factor for dopamine neurons in vitro. It protects and restores damaged cells in rodent models of Parkinson's disease, brain and heart ischemia, spinocerebellar ataxia and retina in vivo. However, its exact mechanism of action is not known. MANF is widely expressed in most human and mouse organs with high levels in secretory tissues. Intracellularly, MANF localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and ER stress increases it's expression in cells and tissues. Furthermore, increased MANF levels has been detected in the sera of young children with newly diagnosed Type 1 (T1D) diabetes and Type 2 (T2D) diabetic patients. ER stress is caused by the accumulation of misfolded and aggregated proteins in the ER. It activates a cellular defense mechanism, the unfolded protein response (UPR), a signaling cascade trying to restore ER homeostasis. However, if prolonged, unresolved ER stress leads to apoptosis. Unresolved ER stress contributes to the progressive death of pancreatic insulin-producing beta cells in both T1D and T2D. Diabetes mellitus is characterized by hyperglycemia, caused by the inability of the beta cells to maintain sufficient levels of circulating insulin. The current medications, insulin and antidiabetic drugs, alleviate diabetic symptoms but cannot reconstitute physiological insulin secretion which increases the risk of devastating vascular complications of the disease. Thus, one of the main strategies in improving current diabetes therapy is to define and validate novel approaches to protect beta cells from stress as well as activate their regeneration. Embryonic deletion of the Manf gene in mice led to gradual postnatal development of insulin-deficient diabetes caused by reduced beta cell proliferation and increased beta cell death due to increased and sustained ER stress. In vitro, recombinant MANF partly protected mouse and human beta cells from ER stress-induced beta cell death and potentiated mouse and human beta cell proliferation. Importantly, in vivo overexpression of MANF in the pancreas of T1D mice led to increased beta cell proliferation and decreased beta cell death, suggesting that MANF could be a new therapeutic candidate for beta cell protection and regeneration in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Danilova
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maria Lindahl
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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171
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Ghiasi SM, Krogh N, Tyrberg B, Mandrup-Poulsen T. The No-Go and Nonsense-Mediated RNA Decay Pathways Are Regulated by Inflammatory Cytokines in Insulin-Producing Cells and Human Islets and Determine β-Cell Insulin Biosynthesis and Survival. Diabetes 2018; 67:2019-2037. [PMID: 30065031 DOI: 10.2337/db18-0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Stress-related changes in β-cell mRNA levels result from a balance between gene transcription and mRNA decay. The regulation of RNA decay pathways has not been investigated in pancreatic β-cells. We found that no-go and nonsense-mediated RNA decay pathway components (RDPCs) and exoribonuclease complexes were expressed in INS-1 cells and human islets. Pelo, Dcp2, Dis3L2, Upf2, and Smg1/5/6/7 were upregulated by inflammatory cytokines in INS-1 cells under conditions where central β-cell mRNAs were downregulated. These changes in RDPC mRNA or corresponding protein levels were largely confirmed in INS-1 cells and rat/human islets. Cytokine-induced upregulation of Pelo, Xrn1, Dis3L2, Upf2, and Smg1/6 was reduced by inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibition, as were endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, inhibition of Ins1/2 mRNA, and accumulated insulin secretion. Reactive oxygen species inhibition or iron chelation did not affect RDPC expression. Pelo or Xrn1 knockdown (KD) aggravated, whereas Smg6 KD ameliorated, cytokine-induced INS-1 cell death without affecting ER stress; both increased insulin biosynthesis and medium accumulation but not glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in cytokine-exposed INS-1 cells. In conclusion, RDPCs are regulated by inflammatory stress in β-cells. RDPC KD improved insulin biosynthesis, likely by preventing Ins1/2 mRNA clearance. Pelo/Xrn1 KD aggravated, but Smg6 KD ameliorated, cytokine-mediated β-cell death, possibly through prevention of proapoptotic and antiapoptotic mRNA degradation, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mojtaba Ghiasi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nicolai Krogh
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Björn Tyrberg
- Translational Science; Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism; and IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
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172
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Hakonen E, Chandra V, Fogarty CL, Yu NYL, Ustinov J, Katayama S, Galli E, Danilova T, Lindholm P, Vartiainen A, Einarsdottir E, Krjutškov K, Kere J, Saarma M, Lindahl M, Otonkoski T. MANF protects human pancreatic beta cells against stress-induced cell death. Diabetologia 2018; 61:2202-2214. [PMID: 30032427 PMCID: PMC6133171 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-018-4687-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS There is a great need to identify factors that could protect pancreatic beta cells against apoptosis or stimulate their replication and thus prevent or reverse the development of diabetes. One potential candidate is mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF), an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress inducible protein. Manf knockout mice used as a model of diabetes develop the condition because of increased apoptosis and reduced proliferation of beta cells, apparently related to ER stress. Given this novel association between MANF and beta cell death, we studied the potential of MANF to protect human beta cells against experimentally induced ER stress. METHODS Primary human islets were challenged with proinflammatory cytokines, with or without MANF. Cell viability was analysed and global transcriptomic analysis performed. Results were further validated using the human beta cell line EndoC-βH1. RESULTS There was increased expression and secretion of MANF in human beta cells in response to cytokines. Addition of recombinant human MANF reduced cytokine-induced cell death by 38% in human islets (p < 0.05). MANF knockdown in EndoC-βH1 cells led to increased ER stress after cytokine challenge. Mechanistic studies showed that the protective effect of MANF was associated with repression of the NF-κB signalling pathway and amelioration of ER stress. MANF also increased the proliferation of primary human beta cells twofold when TGF-β signalling was inhibited (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our studies show that exogenous MANF protein can provide protection to human beta cells against death induced by inflammatory stress. The antiapoptotic and mitogenic properties of MANF make it a potential therapeutic agent for beta cell protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina Hakonen
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, PO Box 63, (Haartmaninkatu 8), 00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Vikash Chandra
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, PO Box 63, (Haartmaninkatu 8), 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
| | | | - Nancy Yiu-Lin Yu
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Jarkko Ustinov
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, PO Box 63, (Haartmaninkatu 8), 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Shintaro Katayama
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Emilia Galli
- Research Program in Developmental Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tatiana Danilova
- Research Program in Developmental Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Päivi Lindholm
- Research Program in Developmental Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aki Vartiainen
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, PO Box 63, (Haartmaninkatu 8), 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elisabet Einarsdottir
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
- The Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kaarel Krjutškov
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
- The Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland
- Competence Centre on Health Technologies, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Juha Kere
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, PO Box 63, (Haartmaninkatu 8), 00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
- The Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Mart Saarma
- Research Program in Developmental Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maria Lindahl
- Research Program in Developmental Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo Otonkoski
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, PO Box 63, (Haartmaninkatu 8), 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
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173
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Bugliani M, Syed F, Paula FMM, Omar BA, Suleiman M, Mossuto S, Grano F, Cardarelli F, Boggi U, Vistoli F, Filipponi F, De Simone P, Marselli L, De Tata V, Ahren B, Eizirik DL, Marchetti P. DPP-4 is expressed in human pancreatic beta cells and its direct inhibition improves beta cell function and survival in type 2 diabetes. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 473:186-193. [PMID: 29409957 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2018.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
It has been reported that the incretin system, including regulated GLP-1 secretion and locally expressed DPP-4, is present in pancreatic islets. In this study we comprehensively evaluated the expression and role of DPP-4 in islet alpha and beta cells from non-diabetic (ND) and type 2 diabetic (T2D) individuals, including the effects of its inhibition on beta cell function and survival. Isolated islets were prepared from 25 ND and 18 T2D organ donors; studies were also performed with the human insulin-producing EndoC-βH1 cells. Morphological (including confocal microscopy), ultrastructural (electron microscopy, EM), functional (glucose-stimulated insulin secretion), survival (EM and nuclear dyes) and molecular (RNAseq, qPCR and western blot) studies were performed under several different experimental conditions. DPP-4 co-localized with glucagon and was also expressed in human islet insulin-containing cells. Furthermore, DPP-4 was expressed in EndoC-βH1 cells. The proportions of DPP-4 positive alpha and beta cells and DPP-4 gene expression were significantly lower in T2D islets. A DPP-4 inhibitor protected ND human beta cells and EndoC-βH1 cells against cytokine-induced toxicity, which was at least in part independent from GLP1 and associated with reduced NFKB1 expression. Finally, DPP-4 inhibition augmented glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, reduced apoptosis and improved ultrastructure in T2D beta cells. These results demonstrate the presence of DPP-4 in human islet alpha and beta cells, with reduced expression in T2D islets, and show that DPP-4 inhibition has beneficial effects on human ND and T2D beta cells. This suggests that DPP-4, besides playing a role in incretin effects, directly affects beta cell function and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Bugliani
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Islet Cell Laboratory, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Farooq Syed
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Islet Cell Laboratory, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Flavia M M Paula
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bilal A Omar
- Lund University, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund Sweden
| | - Mara Suleiman
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Islet Cell Laboratory, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Sandra Mossuto
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Islet Cell Laboratory, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Grano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Islet Cell Laboratory, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesco Cardarelli
- National Enterprise for NanoScience and NanoTechnology (NEST), CNR and Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ugo Boggi
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Fabio Vistoli
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Franco Filipponi
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Medicine, Molecular and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Paolo De Simone
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Medicine, Molecular and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lorella Marselli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Islet Cell Laboratory, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Vincenzo De Tata
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Bo Ahren
- Lund University, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund Sweden
| | - Decio L Eizirik
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Piero Marchetti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Islet Cell Laboratory, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
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174
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Miani M, Elvira B, Gurzov EN. Sweet Killing in Obesity and Diabetes: The Metabolic Role of the BH3-only Protein BIM. J Mol Biol 2018; 430:3041-3050. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2018.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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175
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Alvelos MI, Juan-Mateu J, Colli ML, Turatsinze JV, Eizirik DL. When one becomes many-Alternative splicing in β-cell function and failure. Diabetes Obes Metab 2018; 20 Suppl 2:77-87. [PMID: 30230174 PMCID: PMC6148369 DOI: 10.1111/dom.13388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic β-cell dysfunction and death are determinant events in type 1 diabetes (T1D), but the molecular mechanisms behind β-cell fate remain poorly understood. Alternative splicing is a post-transcriptional mechanism by which a single gene generates different mRNA and protein isoforms, expanding the transcriptome complexity and enhancing protein diversity. Neuron-specific and certain serine/arginine-rich RNA binding proteins (RBP) are enriched in β-cells, playing crucial roles in the regulation of insulin secretion and β-cell survival. Moreover, alternative exon networks, regulated by inflammation or diabetes susceptibility genes, control key pathways and processes for the correct function and survival of β-cells. The challenge ahead of us is to understand the precise role of alternative splicing regulators and splice variants on β-cell function, dysfunction and death and develop tools to modulate it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Inês Alvelos
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research and Welbio, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Route de Lennik, 808 – CP618, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jonàs Juan-Mateu
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research and Welbio, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Route de Lennik, 808 – CP618, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Maikel Luis Colli
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research and Welbio, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Route de Lennik, 808 – CP618, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean-Valéry Turatsinze
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research and Welbio, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Route de Lennik, 808 – CP618, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Décio L. Eizirik
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research and Welbio, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Route de Lennik, 808 – CP618, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium
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176
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Thomaidou S, Zaldumbide A, Roep BO. Islet stress, degradation and autoimmunity. Diabetes Obes Metab 2018; 20 Suppl 2:88-94. [PMID: 30230178 PMCID: PMC6174957 DOI: 10.1111/dom.13387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
β-cell destruction in type 1 diabetes (T1D) results from the effect of inflammation and autoimmunity. In response to inflammatory signals, islet cells engage adaptive mechanisms to restore and maintain cellular homeostasis. Among these mechanisms, the unfolded protein response (UPR) leads to a reduction of the general protein translation rate, increased production of endoplasmic reticulum chaperones and the initiation of degradation by activation of the ER associated degradation pathway (ERAD) in which newly synthetized proteins are ubiquitinylated and processed through the proteasome. This adaptive phase is also believed to play a critical role in the development of autoimmunity by the generation of neoantigens. While we have previously investigated the effect of stress on transcription, translation and post-translational events as possible source for neoantigens, the participation of the degradation machinery, yet crucial in the generation of antigenic peptides, remains to be investigated in the context of T1D pathology. In this review, we will describe the relation between the unfolded protein response and the Ubiquitin Proteasome System (UPS) and address the role of the cellular degradation machinery in the generation of antigens. Learning from tumour immunology, we propose how these processes may unmask β-cells by triggering the generation of aberrant peptides recognized by the immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Thomaidou
- Department of Cell and Chemical BiologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Arnaud Zaldumbide
- Department of Cell and Chemical BiologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Bart O. Roep
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood bank Leiden University Medical CenterLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
- Department of Diabetes ImmunologyDiabetes & Metabolism Research Institute at the Beckman Research InstituteDuarteCalifornia
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177
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Kroger CJ, Clark M, Ke Q, Tisch RM. Therapies to Suppress β Cell Autoimmunity in Type 1 Diabetes. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1891. [PMID: 30166987 PMCID: PMC6105696 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease that is generally considered to be T cell-driven. Accordingly, most strategies of immunotherapy for T1D prevention and treatment in the clinic have targeted the T cell compartment. To date, however, immunotherapy has had only limited clinical success. Although certain immunotherapies have promoted a protective effect, efficacy is often short-term and acquired immunity may be impacted. This has led to the consideration of combining different approaches with the goal of achieving a synergistic therapeutic response. In this review, we will discuss the status of various T1D therapeutic strategies tested in the clinic, as well as possible combinatorial approaches to restore β cell tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles J Kroger
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Matthew Clark
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Qi Ke
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Roland M Tisch
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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178
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Evans-Molina C, Sims EK, DiMeglio LA, Ismail HM, Steck AK, Palmer JP, Krischer JP, Geyer S, Xu P, Sosenko JM. β Cell dysfunction exists more than 5 years before type 1 diabetes diagnosis. JCI Insight 2018; 3:120877. [PMID: 30089716 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.120877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The duration and patterns of β cell dysfunction during type 1 diabetes (T1D) development have not been fully defined. METHODS Metabolic measures derived from oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) were compared between autoantibody-positive (aAb+) individuals followed in the TrialNet Pathway to Prevention study who developed diabetes after 5 or more years or less than 5 years of longitudinal follow-up (Progressors≥5, n = 75; Progressors<5, n = 474) and 144 aAb-negative (aAb-) relatives. RESULTS Mean age at study entry was 15.0 ± 12.6 years for Progressors≥5; 12.0 ± 9.1 for Progressors<5; and 16.3 ± 10.4 for aAb- relatives. At baseline, Progressors≥5 already exhibited significantly lower fasting C-peptide (P < 0.01), C-peptide AUC (P < 0.001), and early C-peptide responses (30- to 0-minute C-peptide; P < 0.001) compared with aAb- relatives, while 2-hour glucose (P = 0.03), glucose AUC (<0.001), and Index60 (<0.001) were all higher. Despite significant baseline impairment, metabolic measures in Progressors≥5 were relatively stable until 2 years prior to T1D diagnosis, when there was accelerated C-peptide decline and rising glycemia from 2 years until diabetes diagnosis. Remarkably, patterns of progression within 3 years of diagnosis were nearly identical between Progressors≥5 and Progressors<5. CONCLUSION These data provide insight into the chronicity of β cell dysfunction in T1D and indicate that β cell dysfunction may precede diabetes diagnosis by more than 5 years in a subset of aAb+ individuals. Even among individuals with varying lengths of aAb positivity, our findings indicate that patterns of metabolic decline are uniform within the last 3 years of progression to T1D. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov NCT00097292. FUNDING The Type 1 Diabetes TrialNet Study Group is a clinical trials network currently funded by the NIH through the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, and The Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development and the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmella Evans-Molina
- Departments of Medicine.,Cellular and Integrative Physiology.,Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.,Pediatrics, and the.,Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Emily K Sims
- Pediatrics, and the.,Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Linda A DiMeglio
- Pediatrics, and the.,Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Heba M Ismail
- Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Andrea K Steck
- Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Jerry P Palmer
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System and the University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jeffrey P Krischer
- Health Informatics Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Susan Geyer
- Health Informatics Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Ping Xu
- Health Informatics Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Jay M Sosenko
- Department of Medicine and the Diabetes Research Institute, Leonard Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
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179
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Mastracci TL, Turatsinze JV, Book BK, Restrepo IA, Pugia MJ, Wiebke EA, Pescovitz MD, Eizirik DL, Mirmira RG. Distinct gene expression pathways in islets from individuals with short- and long-duration type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab 2018; 20:1859-1867. [PMID: 29569324 DOI: 10.1111/dom.13298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Our current understanding of the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes (T1D) arose, in large part, from studies using the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse model. In the present study, we chose a human-focused method to investigate T1D disease mechanisms and potential targets for therapeutic intervention by directly analysing human donor pancreatic islets from individuals with T1D. MATERIALS AND METHODS We obtained islets from a young individual with T1D for 3 years and from an older individual with T1D for 27 years and performed unbiased functional genomic analysis by high-depth RNA sequencing; the T1D islets were compared with islets isolated from 3 non-diabetic donors. RESULTS The islets procured from these T1D donors represent a unique opportunity to identify gene expression changes in islets after significantly different disease duration. Data analysis identified several inflammatory pathways up-regulated in short-duration disease, which notably included many components of innate immunity. As proof of concept for translation, one of the pathways, governed by IL-23(p19), was selected for further study in NOD mice because of ongoing human trials of biologics against this target for different indications. A mouse monoclonal antibody directed against IL-23(p19) when administered to NOD mice resulted in a significant reduction in incidence of diabetes. CONCLUSION While the sample size for this study is small, our data demonstrate that the direct analysis of human islets provides a greater understanding of human disease. These data, together with the analysis of an expanded cohort to be obtained by future collaborative efforts, might result in the identification of promising novel targets for translation into effective therapeutic interventions for human T1D, with the added benefit of repurposing known biologicals for use in different indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa L Mastracci
- Regenerative Medicine & Metabolic Biology, Indiana Biosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis, Indiana
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Jean-Valery Turatsinze
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research Medical Faculty, Universite Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Benita K Book
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Ivan A Restrepo
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Michael J Pugia
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Eric A Wiebke
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Mark D Pescovitz
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Decio L Eizirik
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research Medical Faculty, Universite Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Raghavendra G Mirmira
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
- Single Cell Analytics Center, Indiana Biosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis, Indiana
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
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180
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Syed F, Bugliani M, Novelli M, Olimpico F, Suleiman M, Marselli L, Boggi U, Filipponi F, Raffa V, Krol S, Campani D, Masiello P, De Tata V, Marchetti P. Conformal coating by multilayer nano-encapsulation for the protection of human pancreatic islets: In-vitro and in-vivo studies. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2018; 14:2191-2203. [PMID: 30016718 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2018.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
To improve the efficiency of pancreatic islet transplantation, we performed in-vitro and in-vivo experiments with isolated human pancreatic islets coated by multi-layer nano-encapsulation using differently charged polymers [chitosan and poly(sodium styrene sulfonate)] to obtain up to 9 layers. The islet coating (thickness: 104.2 ± 4.2 nm) was uniform, with ≥ 90% cell viability and well preserved beta- and alpha-cell ultrastructure. Nano-encapsulated islets maintained physiological glucose-stimulated insulin secretion by both static incubation and perifusion studies. Notably, palmitate- or cytokine-induced toxicity was significantly reduced in nano-coated islets. Xenotransplantation of nano-encapsulated islets under the kidney capsule of streptozotocin-induced C57Bl/6J diabetic mice allowed long term normal or near normal glycemia, associated with minimal infiltration of immune cell into the grafts, well preserved islet morphology and signs of re-vascularization. In summary, the multi-layer nano-encapsulation approach described in the present study provides a promising tool to effectively protect human islets both in-vitro andin-vivo conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farooq Syed
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy.
| | - Marco Bugliani
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Michela Novelli
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesco Olimpico
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Mara Suleiman
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Lorella Marselli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Ugo Boggi
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Franco Filipponi
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Silke Krol
- NanoMed lab, Fondazione IRCCS, Istituto Neurologico "Carlo Besta", IFOM-IEO-campus, Milan, Italy; Laboratory for translational nanomedicine, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
| | - Daniela Campani
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Pellegrino Masiello
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Vincenzo De Tata
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Piero Marchetti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy.
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181
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Zhong S, Ge J, Yu JY. Icariin prevents cytokine-induced β-cell death by inhibiting NF-κB signaling. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:2756-2762. [PMID: 30210617 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The loss of insulin secretion in type I diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is caused by autoimmune-mediated destruction of insulin-producing pancreatic β-cells. Inflammatory cytokines and immune cell infiltration activate oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, resulting in reduced β-cell viability. The current pharmacological agents used to control blood glucose have a limited effective duration and are accompanied by strong side effects. Blocking the inflammatory and immune responses that cause the β-cell damage has been investigated as a novel therapeutic approach to control T1DM. Icariin is a flavonoid component of Chinese medicinal herbs that has anti-inflammatory effects in vitro and in vivo. The results of the present study revealed that icariin abrogates the pro-apoptotic effect of inflammatory cytokines and significantly suppresses the activation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB in rat pancreatic β-cell lines. The present study may provide a basis for the potential use of icariin as a therapeutic agent for T1DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao Zhong
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China.,Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan, Jiangsu 215300, P.R. China
| | - Jing Ge
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Jiang-Yi Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
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182
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Abstract
Type 1 diabetes is a chronic autoimmune disease characterised by insulin deficiency and resultant hyperglycaemia. Knowledge of type 1 diabetes has rapidly increased over the past 25 years, resulting in a broad understanding about many aspects of the disease, including its genetics, epidemiology, immune and β-cell phenotypes, and disease burden. Interventions to preserve β cells have been tested, and several methods to improve clinical disease management have been assessed. However, wide gaps still exist in our understanding of type 1 diabetes and our ability to standardise clinical care and decrease disease-associated complications and burden. This Seminar gives an overview of the current understanding of the disease and potential future directions for research and care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda A DiMeglio
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| | - Carmella Evans-Molina
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Richard A Oram
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, and The Academic Kidney Unit, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
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183
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James EA, Pietropaolo M, Mamula MJ. Immune Recognition of β-Cells: Neoepitopes as Key Players in the Loss of Tolerance. Diabetes 2018; 67:1035-1042. [PMID: 29784651 PMCID: PMC5961411 DOI: 10.2337/dbi17-0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Prior to the onset of type 1 diabetes, there is progressive loss of immune self-tolerance, evidenced by the accumulation of islet autoantibodies and emergence of autoreactive T cells. Continued autoimmune activity leads to the destruction of pancreatic β-cells and loss of insulin secretion. Studies of samples from patients with type 1 diabetes and of murine disease models have generated important insights about genetic and environmental factors that contribute to susceptibility and immune pathways that are important for pathogenesis. However, important unanswered questions remain regarding the events that surround the initial loss of tolerance and subsequent failure of regulatory mechanisms to arrest autoimmunity and preserve functional β-cells. In this Perspective, we discuss various processes that lead to the generation of neoepitopes in pancreatic β-cells, their recognition by autoreactive T cells and antibodies, and potential roles for such responses in the pathology of disease. Emerging evidence supports the relevance of neoepitopes generated through processes that are mechanistically linked with β-cell stress. Together, these observations support a paradigm in which neoepitope generation leads to the activation of pathogenic immune cells that initiate a feed-forward loop that can amplify the antigenic repertoire toward pancreatic β-cell proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eddie A James
- Translational Research Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA
| | - Massimo Pietropaolo
- Diabetes Research Center, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Mark J Mamula
- Section of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
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184
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Kycia I, Wolford BN, Huyghe JR, Fuchsberger C, Vadlamudi S, Kursawe R, Welch RP, Albanus RD, Uyar A, Khetan S, Lawlor N, Bolisetty M, Mathur A, Kuusisto J, Laakso M, Ucar D, Mohlke KL, Boehnke M, Collins FS, Parker SCJ, Stitzel ML. A Common Type 2 Diabetes Risk Variant Potentiates Activity of an Evolutionarily Conserved Islet Stretch Enhancer and Increases C2CD4A and C2CD4B Expression. Am J Hum Genet 2018; 102:620-635. [PMID: 29625024 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2018.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) and functional genomics approaches implicate enhancer disruption in islet dysfunction and type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk. We applied genetic fine-mapping and functional (epi)genomic approaches to a T2D- and proinsulin-associated 15q22.2 locus to identify a most likely causal variant, determine its direction of effect, and elucidate plausible target genes. Fine-mapping and conditional analyses of proinsulin levels of 8,635 non-diabetic individuals from the METSIM study support a single association signal represented by a cluster of 16 strongly associated (p < 10-17) variants in high linkage disequilibrium (r2 > 0.8) with the GWAS index SNP rs7172432. These variants reside in an evolutionarily and functionally conserved islet and β cell stretch or super enhancer; the most strongly associated variant (rs7163757, p = 3 × 10-19) overlaps a conserved islet open chromatin site. DNA sequence containing the rs7163757 risk allele displayed 2-fold higher enhancer activity than the non-risk allele in reporter assays (p < 0.01) and was differentially bound by β cell nuclear extract proteins. Transcription factor NFAT specifically potentiated risk-allele enhancer activity and altered patterns of nuclear protein binding to the risk allele in vitro, suggesting that it could be a factor mediating risk-allele effects. Finally, the rs7163757 proinsulin-raising and T2D risk allele (C) was associated with increased expression of C2CD4B, and possibly C2CD4A, both of which were induced by inflammatory cytokines, in human islets. Together, these data suggest that rs7163757 contributes to genetic risk of islet dysfunction and T2D by increasing NFAT-mediated islet enhancer activity and modulating C2CD4B, and possibly C2CD4A, expression in (patho)physiologic states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina Kycia
- Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Brooke N Wolford
- National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jeroen R Huyghe
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Christian Fuchsberger
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | | - Romy Kursawe
- Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Ryan P Welch
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Ricardo d'Oliveira Albanus
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Asli Uyar
- Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Shubham Khetan
- Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Nathan Lawlor
- Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Mohan Bolisetty
- Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Anubhuti Mathur
- Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Johanna Kuusisto
- Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Markku Laakso
- Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Duygu Ucar
- Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA; Institute of Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Karen L Mohlke
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Michael Boehnke
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Francis S Collins
- National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Stephen C J Parker
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Michael L Stitzel
- Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA; Institute of Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06032, USA.
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185
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Ang SY, Evans BA, Poole DP, Bron R, DiCello JJ, Bathgate RAD, Kocan M, Hutchinson DS, Summers RJ. INSL5 activates multiple signalling pathways and regulates GLP-1 secretion in NCI-H716 cells. J Mol Endocrinol 2018. [PMID: 29535183 DOI: 10.1530/jme-17-0152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-like peptide 5 (INSL5) is a newly discovered gut hormone expressed in colonic enteroendocrine L-cells but little is known about its biological function. Here, we show using RT-qPCR and in situ hybridisation that Insl5 mRNA is highly expressed in the mouse colonic mucosa, colocalised with proglucagon immunoreactivity. In comparison, mRNA for RXFP4 (the cognate receptor for INSL5) is expressed in various mouse tissues, including the intestinal tract. We show that the human enteroendocrine L-cell model NCI-H716 cell line, and goblet-like colorectal cell lines SW1463 and LS513 endogenously express RXFP4. Stimulation of NCI-H716 cells with INSL5 produced phosphorylation of ERK1/2 (Thr202/Tyr204), AKT (Thr308 and Ser473) and S6RP (Ser235/236) and inhibited cAMP production but did not stimulate Ca2+ release. Acute INSL5 treatment had no effect on GLP-1 secretion mediated by carbachol or insulin, but modestly inhibited forskolin-stimulated GLP-1 secretion in NCI-H716 cells. However, chronic INSL5 pre-treatment (18 h) increased basal GLP-1 secretion and prevented the inhibitory effect of acute INSL5 administration. LS513 cells were found to be unresponsive to INSL5 despite expressing RXFP4 Another enteroendocrine L-cell model, mouse GLUTag cells did not express detectable levels of Rxfp4 and were unresponsive to INSL5. This study provides novel insights into possible autocrine/paracrine roles of INSL5 in the intestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Y Ang
- Drug Discovery BiologyMonash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bronwyn A Evans
- Drug Discovery BiologyMonash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Daniel P Poole
- Drug Discovery BiologyMonash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Romke Bron
- Drug Discovery BiologyMonash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jesse J DiCello
- Drug Discovery BiologyMonash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ross A D Bathgate
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental HealthUniversity of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Martina Kocan
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental HealthUniversity of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dana S Hutchinson
- Drug Discovery BiologyMonash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of PharmacologyMonash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Roger J Summers
- Drug Discovery BiologyMonash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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186
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Boegel S, Löwer M, Bukur T, Sorn P, Castle JC, Sahin U. HLA and proteasome expression body map. BMC Med Genomics 2018; 11:36. [PMID: 29587858 PMCID: PMC5872580 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-018-0354-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The presentation of HLA peptide complexes to T cells is a highly regulated and tissue specific process involving multiple transcriptionally controlled cellular components. The extensive polymorphism of HLA genes and the complex composition of the proteasome make it difficult to map their expression profiles across tissues. Methods Here we applied a tailored gene quantification pipeline to 4323 publicly available RNA-Seq datasets representing 55 normal tissues and cell types to examine expression profiles of (classical and non-classical) HLA class I, class II and proteasomal genes. Results We generated the first comprehensive expression atlas of antigen presenting-related genes across 56 normal tissues and cell types, including immune cells, pancreatic islets, platelets and hematopoietic stem cells. We found a surprisingly heterogeneous HLA expression pattern with up to 100-fold difference in intra-tissue median HLA abundances. Cells of the immune system and lymphatic organs expressed the highest levels of classical HLA class I (HLA-A,-B,-C), class II (HLA-DQA1,-DQB1,-DPA1,-DPB1,-DRA,-DRB1) and non-classical HLA class I (HLA-E,-F) molecules, whereas retina, brain, muscle, megakaryocytes and erythroblasts showed the lowest abundance. In contrast, we identified a distinct and highly tissue-restricted expression pattern of the non-classical class I gene HLA-G in placenta, pancreatic islets, pituitary gland and testis. While the constitutive proteasome showed relatively constant expression across all tissues, we found the immunoproteasome to be enriched in lymphatic organs and almost absent in immune privileged tissues. Conclusions Here, we not only provide a reference catalog of tissue and cell type specific HLA expression, but also highlight extremely variable expression of the basic components of antigen processing and presentation in different cell types. Our findings indicate that low expression of classical HLA class I molecules together with lack of immunoproteasome components as well as upregulation of HLA-G may be of key relevance to maintain tolerance in immune privileged tissues. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12920-018-0354-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Boegel
- TRON gGmbH - Translational Oncology at Johannes Gutenberg, University Medical Center gGmbH, Freiligrathstr 12, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Martin Löwer
- TRON gGmbH - Translational Oncology at Johannes Gutenberg, University Medical Center gGmbH, Freiligrathstr 12, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Bukur
- TRON gGmbH - Translational Oncology at Johannes Gutenberg, University Medical Center gGmbH, Freiligrathstr 12, Mainz, Germany
| | - Patrick Sorn
- TRON gGmbH - Translational Oncology at Johannes Gutenberg, University Medical Center gGmbH, Freiligrathstr 12, Mainz, Germany
| | - John C Castle
- TRON gGmbH - Translational Oncology at Johannes Gutenberg, University Medical Center gGmbH, Freiligrathstr 12, Mainz, Germany.,Present address: Agenus Inc, Lexington MA, 02421, USA
| | - Ugur Sahin
- TRON gGmbH - Translational Oncology at Johannes Gutenberg, University Medical Center gGmbH, Freiligrathstr 12, Mainz, Germany
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187
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Juan-Mateu J, Alvelos MI, Turatsinze JV, Villate O, Lizarraga-Mollinedo E, Grieco FA, Marroquí L, Bugliani M, Marchetti P, Eizirik DL. SRp55 Regulates a Splicing Network That Controls Human Pancreatic β-Cell Function and Survival. Diabetes 2018; 67:423-436. [PMID: 29246973 PMCID: PMC5828453 DOI: 10.2337/db17-0736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Progressive failure of insulin-producing β-cells is the central event leading to diabetes, but the signaling networks controlling β-cell fate remain poorly understood. Here we show that SRp55, a splicing factor regulated by the diabetes susceptibility gene GLIS3, has a major role in maintaining the function and survival of human β-cells. RNA sequencing analysis revealed that SRp55 regulates the splicing of genes involved in cell survival and death, insulin secretion, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling. In particular, SRp55-mediated splicing changes modulate the function of the proapoptotic proteins BIM and BAX, JNK signaling, and endoplasmic reticulum stress, explaining why SRp55 depletion triggers β-cell apoptosis. Furthermore, SRp55 depletion inhibits β-cell mitochondrial function, explaining the observed decrease in insulin release. These data unveil a novel layer of regulation of human β-cell function and survival, namely alternative splicing modulated by key splicing regulators such as SRp55, that may cross talk with candidate genes for diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonàs Juan-Mateu
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Maria Inês Alvelos
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean-Valéry Turatsinze
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Olatz Villate
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Fabio Arturo Grieco
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laura Marroquí
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marco Bugliani
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Islet Cell Laboratory, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Piero Marchetti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Islet Cell Laboratory, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Décio L Eizirik
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- WELBIO, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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188
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Tardaguila M, de la Fuente L, Marti C, Pereira C, Pardo-Palacios FJ, Del Risco H, Ferrell M, Mellado M, Macchietto M, Verheggen K, Edelmann M, Ezkurdia I, Vazquez J, Tress M, Mortazavi A, Martens L, Rodriguez-Navarro S, Moreno-Manzano V, Conesa A. SQANTI: extensive characterization of long-read transcript sequences for quality control in full-length transcriptome identification and quantification. Genome Res 2018; 28:gr.222976.117. [PMID: 29440222 PMCID: PMC5848618 DOI: 10.1101/gr.222976.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
High-throughput sequencing of full-length transcripts using long reads has paved the way for the discovery of thousands of novel transcripts, even in well-annotated mammalian species. The advances in sequencing technology have created a need for studies and tools that can characterize these novel variants. Here, we present SQANTI, an automated pipeline for the classification of long-read transcripts that can assess the quality of data and the preprocessing pipeline using 47 unique descriptors. We apply SQANTI to a neuronal mouse transcriptome using Pacific Biosciences (PacBio) long reads and illustrate how the tool is effective in characterizing and describing the composition of the full-length transcriptome. We perform extensive evaluation of ToFU PacBio transcripts by PCR to reveal that an important number of the novel transcripts are technical artifacts of the sequencing approach and that SQANTI quality descriptors can be used to engineer a filtering strategy to remove them. Most novel transcripts in this curated transcriptome are novel combinations of existing splice sites, resulting more frequently in novel ORFs than novel UTRs, and are enriched in both general metabolic and neural-specific functions. We show that these new transcripts have a major impact in the correct quantification of transcript levels by state-of-the-art short-read-based quantification algorithms. By comparing our iso-transcriptome with public proteomics databases, we find that alternative isoforms are elusive to proteogenomics detection. SQANTI allows the user to maximize the analytical outcome of long-read technologies by providing the tools to deliver quality-evaluated and curated full-length transcriptomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Tardaguila
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Institute for Food and Agricultural Sciences, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - Lorena de la Fuente
- Genomics of Gene Expression Laboratory, Centro de Investigaciones Principe Felipe (CIPF), 46012 Valencia, Spain
| | - Cristina Marti
- Genomics of Gene Expression Laboratory, Centro de Investigaciones Principe Felipe (CIPF), 46012 Valencia, Spain
| | - Cécile Pereira
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Institute for Food and Agricultural Sciences, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | | | - Hector Del Risco
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Institute for Food and Agricultural Sciences, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - Marc Ferrell
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Institute for Food and Agricultural Sciences, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | | | - Marissa Macchietto
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, California 92617, USA
| | - Kenneth Verheggen
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mariola Edelmann
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Institute for Food and Agricultural Sciences, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - Iakes Ezkurdia
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares CNIC, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesus Vazquez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares CNIC, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Michael Tress
- Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ali Mortazavi
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, California 92617, USA
| | - Lennart Martens
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Susana Rodriguez-Navarro
- Gene Expression and mRNA Metabolism Laboratory, CSIC, IBV, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Gene Expression and mRNA Metabolism Laboratory, CIPF, 46012 Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Ana Conesa
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Institute for Food and Agricultural Sciences, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
- Genomics of Gene Expression Laboratory, Centro de Investigaciones Principe Felipe (CIPF), 46012 Valencia, Spain
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189
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Jones B, Bloom SR, Buenaventura T, Tomas A, Rutter GA. Control of insulin secretion by GLP-1. Peptides 2018; 100:75-84. [PMID: 29412835 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2017.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Stimulation of insulin secretion by glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and other gut-derived peptides is central to the incretin response to ingesting nutriments. Analogues of GLP-1, and inhibitors of its breakdown, have found widespread clinical use for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity. The release of these peptides underlies the improvements in glycaemic control and disease remission after bariatric surgery. Given therapeutically, GLP-1 analogues can lead to side effects including nausea, which limit dosage. Greater understanding of the interactions between the GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) and both the endogenous and artificial ligands therefore holds promise to provide more efficacious compounds. Here, we discuss recent findings concerning the signalling and trafficking of the GLP-1R in pancreatic beta cells. Leveraging "bias" at the receptor towards cAMP generation versus the recruitment of β-arrestins and extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK1/2) activation may allow the development of new analogues with significantly improved clinical efficacy. We describe how, unexpectedly, relatively low-affinity agonists, which prompt less receptor internalisation than the parent compound, provoke greater insulin secretion and consequent improvements in glycaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Jones
- Section of Investigative Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Stephen R Bloom
- Section of Investigative Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Teresa Buenaventura
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics & Imperial Consortium for Islet Biology and Diabetes, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Alejandra Tomas
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics & Imperial Consortium for Islet Biology and Diabetes, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK.
| | - Guy A Rutter
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics & Imperial Consortium for Islet Biology and Diabetes, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK.
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190
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Becker D, Insel R. Screening, staging, and naming of presymptomatic type 1 diabetes. Pediatr Diabetes 2018; 19:7-10. [PMID: 29193499 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.12613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dorothy Becker
- Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC and University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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191
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Dickerson MT, Bogart AM, Altman MK, Milian SC, Jordan KL, Dadi PK, Jacobson DA. Cytokine-mediated changes in K + channel activity promotes an adaptive Ca 2+ response that sustains β-cell insulin secretion during inflammation. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1158. [PMID: 29348619 PMCID: PMC5773563 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19600-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokines present during low-grade inflammation contribute to β-cell dysfunction and diabetes. Cytokine signaling disrupts β-cell glucose-stimulated Ca2+ influx (GSCI) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ ([Ca2+]ER) handling, leading to diminished glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). However, cytokine-mediated changes in ion channel activity that alter β-cell Ca2+ handling remain unknown. Here we investigated the role of K+ currents in cytokine-mediated β-cell dysfunction. Kslow currents, which control the termination of intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) oscillations, were reduced following cytokine exposure. As a consequence, [Ca2+]i and electrical oscillations were accelerated. Cytokine exposure also increased basal islet [Ca2+]i and decreased GSCI. The effect of cytokines on TALK-1 K+ currents were also examined as TALK-1 mediates Kslow by facilitating [Ca2+]ER release. Cytokine exposure decreased KCNK16 transcript abundance and associated TALK-1 protein expression, increasing [Ca2+]ER storage while maintaining 2nd phase GSCI and GSIS. This adaptive Ca2+ response was absent in TALK-1 KO islets, which exhibited decreased 2nd phase GSCI and diminished GSIS. These findings suggest that Kslow and TALK-1 currents play important roles in altered β-cell Ca2+ handling and electrical activity during low-grade inflammation. These results also reveal that a cytokine-mediated reduction in TALK-1 serves an acute protective role in β-cells by facilitating increased Ca2+ content to maintain GSIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T Dickerson
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Avery M Bogart
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Molly K Altman
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sarah C Milian
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kelli L Jordan
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Prasanna K Dadi
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - David A Jacobson
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
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192
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Paula FMM, Leite NC, Borck PC, Freitas-Dias R, Cnop M, Chacon-Mikahil MPT, Cavaglieri CR, Marchetti P, Boschero AC, Zoppi CC, Eizirik DL. Exercise training protects human and rodent β cells against endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis. FASEB J 2018; 32:1524-1536. [PMID: 29133342 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700710r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Prolonged exercise has positive metabolic effects in obese or diabetic individuals. These effects are usually ascribed to improvements in insulin sensitivity. We evaluated whether exercise also generates circulating signals that protect human and rodent β cells against endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and apoptosis. For this purpose, we obtained serum from humans or mice before and after an 8 wk training period. Exposure of human islets or mouse or rat β cells to human or rodent sera, respectively, obtained from trained individuals reduced cytokine (IL-1β+IFN-γ)- or chemical ER stressor-induced β-cell ER stress and apoptosis, at least in part via activation of the transcription factor STAT3. These findings indicate that exercise training improves human and rodent β-cell survival under diabetogenic conditions and support lifestyle interventions as a protective approach for both type 1 and 2 diabetes.-Paula, F. M. M., Leite, N. C., Borck, P. C., Freitas-Dias, R., Cnop, M., Chacon-Mikahil, M. P. T., Cavaglieri, C. R., Marchetti, P., Boschero, A. C., Zoppi, C. C., Eizirik, D. L. Exercise training protects human and rodent β cells against endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia M M Paula
- Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nayara C Leite
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Patricia C Borck
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Freitas-Dias
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil.,Department of Physical Therapy, University of Pernambuco, Petrolina, Brazil
| | - Miriam Cnop
- Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.,Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mara P T Chacon-Mikahil
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory (FISEX), Faculty of Physical Education, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil; and
| | - Claudia R Cavaglieri
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory (FISEX), Faculty of Physical Education, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil; and
| | - Piero Marchetti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Antonio C Boschero
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Claudio C Zoppi
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Decio L Eizirik
- Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
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193
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Clark M, Kroger CJ, Tisch RM. Type 1 Diabetes: A Chronic Anti-Self-Inflammatory Response. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1898. [PMID: 29312356 PMCID: PMC5743904 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is typically induced in response to a microbial infection. The release of proinflammatory cytokines enhances the stimulatory capacity of antigen-presenting cells, as well as recruits adaptive and innate immune effectors to the site of infection. Once the microbe is cleared, inflammation is resolved by various mechanisms to avoid unnecessary tissue damage. Autoimmunity arises when aberrant immune responses target self-tissues causing inflammation. In type 1 diabetes (T1D), T cells attack the insulin producing β cells in the pancreatic islets. Genetic and environmental factors increase T1D risk by in part altering central and peripheral tolerance inducing events. This results in the development and expansion of β cell-specific effector T cells (Teff) which mediate islet inflammation. Unlike protective immunity where inflammation is terminated, autoimmunity is sustained by chronic inflammation. In this review, we will highlight the key events which initiate and sustain T cell-driven pancreatic islet inflammation in nonobese diabetic mice and in human T1D. Specifically, we will discuss: (i) dysregulation of thymic selection events, (ii) the role of intrinsic and extrinsic factors that enhance the expansion and pathogenicity of Teff, (iii) defects which impair homeostasis and suppressor activity of FoxP3-expressing regulatory T cells, and (iv) properties of β cells which contribute to islet inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Clark
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Charles J Kroger
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Roland M Tisch
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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194
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Pociot F. Type 1 diabetes genome-wide association studies: not to be lost in translation. Clin Transl Immunology 2017; 6:e162. [PMID: 29333267 PMCID: PMC5750451 DOI: 10.1038/cti.2017.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 10/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic studies have identified >60 loci associated with the risk of developing type 1 diabetes (T1D). The vast majority of these are identified by genome-wide association studies (GWAS) using large case-control cohorts of European ancestry. More than 80% of the heritability of T1D can be explained by GWAS data in this population group. However, with few exceptions, their individual contribution to T1D risk is low and understanding their function in disease biology remains a huge challenge. GWAS on its own does not inform us in detail on disease mechanisms, but the combination of GWAS data with other omics-data is beginning to advance our understanding of T1D etiology and pathogenesis. Current knowledge supports the notion that genetic variation in both pancreatic β cells and in immune cells is central in mediating T1D risk. Advances, perspectives and limitations of GWAS are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flemming Pociot
- Department of Pediatrics, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
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195
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Carvalho S, Molina-López J, Parsons D, Corpe C, Maret W, Hogstrand C. Differential cytolocation and functional assays of the two major human SLC30A8 (ZnT8) isoforms. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2017; 44:116-124. [PMID: 28965566 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs13266634 in human zinc transporter 8, ZnT8 (SLC30A8), leads to a R325 variant, which is associated with an increased risk of developing Type 2 Diabetes (T2D). Although the molecular details remain unknown, the mutation is thought to alter the kinetics of zinc transport into insulin granules in pancreatic β-cells. Nevertheless, analysis of ZnT8 sequences from several animals shows that the amino acid at position 325 is poorly conserved. Apart from this particular SNP, human ZnT8 also has two isoforms (splice variants) that differ in length regarding a 49 amino acid N-terminal extension. When expressed in human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells, the long isoform was present in the plasma membrane in addition to internal membranes, whereas the short isoform was localized mostly to internal membranes. Our observation that human ZnT8 variants and isoforms expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes are all localized at the cell surface allowed us to develop a zinc transport assay using the radioactive isotope 65Zn. We found no detectable differences in zinc transport between W and R variants and no statistically significant differences between long and short isoforms of the W325 variant. Our findings of differential cytolocation of ZnT8 isoforms could be relevant for β-cell zinc metabolism in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Carvalho
- Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences Division, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jorge Molina-López
- Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences Division, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", University of Granada, Spain
| | - Douglas Parsons
- Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences Division, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Christopher Corpe
- Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences Division, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Wolfgang Maret
- Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences Division, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Christer Hogstrand
- Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences Division, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
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196
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Insel R, Dutta S, Hedrick J. Type 1 Diabetes: Disease Stratification. Biomed Hub 2017; 2:111-126. [PMID: 31988942 PMCID: PMC6945911 DOI: 10.1159/000481131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes, a disorder characterized by immune-mediated loss of functional pancreatic beta cells, is a disease continuum with specific presymptomatic stages with defined risk of progression to symptomatic disease. Prognostic biomarkers have been developed for disease staging and for stratification of subjects that address the heterogeneity in rate of disease progression. Using biomarkers for stratification of subjects at different stages of type 1 diabetes will enable smaller and shorter intervention clinical trials with greater effect size. Addressing the heterogeneity of the disease will allow precision medicine-based approaches to prevention and interception of presymptomatic stages of disease and treatment and cure of symptomatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Joseph Hedrick
- Disease Interception Accelerator - T1D, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Raritan, NJ, USA
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197
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A nanobody-based tracer targeting DPP6 for non-invasive imaging of human pancreatic endocrine cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15130. [PMID: 29123178 PMCID: PMC5680294 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15417-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
There are presently no reliable ways to quantify endocrine cell mass (ECM) in vivo, which prevents an accurate understanding of the progressive beta cell loss in diabetes or following islet transplantation. To address this unmet need, we coupled RNA sequencing of human pancreatic islets to a systems biology approach to identify new biomarkers of the endocrine pancreas. Dipeptidyl-Peptidase 6 (DPP6) was identified as a target whose mRNA expression is at least 25-fold higher in human pancreatic islets as compared to surrounding tissues and is not changed by proinflammatory cytokines. At the protein level, DPP6 localizes only in beta and alpha cells within the pancreas. We next generated a high-affinity camelid single-domain antibody (nanobody) targeting human DPP6. The nanobody was radiolabelled and in vivo SPECT/CT imaging and biodistribution studies were performed in immunodeficient mice that were either transplanted with DPP6-expressing Kelly neuroblastoma cells or insulin-producing human EndoC-βH1 cells. The human DPP6-expressing cells were clearly visualized in both models. In conclusion, we have identified a novel beta and alpha cell biomarker and developed a tracer for in vivo imaging of human insulin secreting cells. This provides a useful tool to non-invasively follow up intramuscularly implanted insulin secreting cells.
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198
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The rs2292239 polymorphism in ERBB3 gene is associated with risk for type 1 diabetes mellitus in a Brazilian population. Gene 2017; 644:122-128. [PMID: 29109006 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The Erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 3 (ERBB3) belongs to a family of epidermal growth factor receptors of protein tyrosine kinases, and regulates cell survival, differentiation and proliferation in several cell types. Previous studies have suggested that ERBB3 contributes to T1DM pathogenesis by modulating antigen presenting cell function, autoimmunity and cytokine-induced beta-cell apoptosis. Accordingly, some genome-wide association studies identified ERBB3 gene as a susceptibility locus for T1DM, with the strongest association signal being observed for the rs2292239 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in intron 7 of the gene. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to replicate the association of the ERBB3 rs2292239 SNP with T1DM in a Brazilian population. We analyzed 421 T1DM patients (cases) and 510 nondiabetic subjects (controls). All subjects were self-declared as white. The ERBB3 rs2292239 (A/C) SNP was genotyped by real-time PCR using TaqMan MGB probes. Genotype (P=0.001) and allele (P=0.002) frequencies of the ERBB3 rs2292239 SNP were differently distributed between T1DM patients and nondiabetic controls. Moreover, the A allele was significantly associated with risk for T1DM when considering recessive (OR=1.58, 95% CI 1.11-2.27; P=0.015), additive (OR=1.78, 95% CI 1.21-2.62; P=0.004), and dominant (OR=1.39, 95% CI 1.07-1.81; P=0.016) models of inheritance. However, after adjustment for presence of high-risk HLA DR/DQ genotypes, the rs2292239 SNP remained independently associated with T1DM only for the additive model (OR=1.62, 95% CI 1.02-2.59; P=0.043). Our results suggest that the A/A genotype of the ERBB3 rs2292239 SNP is associated with risk for T1DM in a white Brazilian population.
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199
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Kurian SM, Ferreri K, Wang CH, Todorov I, Al-Abdullah IH, Rawson J, Mullen Y, Salomon DR, Kandeel F. Gene expression signature predicts human islet integrity and transplant functionality in diabetic mice. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185331. [PMID: 28968432 PMCID: PMC5624587 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence that transplantation of cadaveric human islets is an effective therapy for type 1 diabetes. However, gauging the suitability of islet samples for clinical use remains a challenge. We hypothesized that islet quality is reflected in the expression of specific genes. Therefore, gene expression in 59 human islet preparations was analyzed and correlated with diabetes reversal after transplantation in diabetic mice. Analysis yielded 262 differentially expressed probesets, which together predict islet quality with 83% accuracy. Pathway analysis revealed that failing islet preparations activated inflammatory pathways, while functional islets showed increased regeneration pathway gene expression. Gene expression associated with apoptosis and oxygen consumption showed little overlap with each other or with the 262 probeset classifier, indicating that the three tests are measuring different aspects of islet cell biology. A subset of 36 probesets surpassed the predictive accuracy of the entire set for reversal of diabetes, and was further reduced by logistic regression to sets of 14 and 5 without losing accuracy. These genes were further validated with an independent cohort of 16 samples. We believe this limited number of gene classifiers in combination with other tests may provide complementary verification of islet quality prior to their clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil M. Kurian
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Kevin Ferreri
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Diabetes, and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Chia-Hao Wang
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Diabetes, and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Ivan Todorov
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Diabetes, and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Ismail H. Al-Abdullah
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Diabetes, and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey Rawson
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Diabetes, and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Yoko Mullen
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Diabetes, and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Daniel R. Salomon
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Fouad Kandeel
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Diabetes, and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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200
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Lawson R, Maret W, Hogstrand C. Expression of the ZIP/SLC39A transporters in β-cells: a systematic review and integration of multiple datasets. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:719. [PMID: 28893192 PMCID: PMC5594519 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-4119-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic β-cells require a constant supply of zinc to maintain normal insulin secretory function. Following co-exocytosis with insulin, zinc is replenished via the Zrt- and Irt-like (ZIP; SLC39A) family of transporters. However the ZIP paralogues of particular importance for zinc uptake, and associations with β-cell function and Type 2 Diabetes remain largely unexplored. We retrieved and statistically analysed publically available microarray and RNA-seq datasets to perform a systematic review on the expression of β-cell SLC39A paralogues. We complemented results with experimental data on expression profiling of human islets and mouse β-cell derived MIN6 cells, and compared transcriptomic and proteomic sequence conservation between human, mouse and rat. RESULTS The 14 ZIP paralogues have 73-98% amino sequence conservation between human and rodents. We identified 18 datasets for β-cell SLC39A analysis, which compared relative expression to non-β-cells, and expression in response to PDX-1 activity, cytokines, glucose and type 2 diabetic status. Published expression data demonstrate enrichment of transcripts for ZIP7 and ZIP9 transporters within rodent β-cells and of ZIP6, ZIP7 and ZIP14 within human β-cells, with ZIP1 most differentially expressed in response to cytokines and PDX-1 within rodent, and ZIP6 in response to diabetic status in human and glucose in rat. Our qPCR expression profiling data indicate that SLC39A6, -9, -13, and - 14 are the highest expressed paralogues in human β-cells and Slc39a6 and -7 in MIN6 cells. CONCLUSIONS Our systematic review, expression profiling and sequence alignment reveal similarities and potentially important differences in ZIP complements between human and rodent β-cells. We identify ZIP6, ZIP7, ZIP9, ZIP13 and ZIP14 in human and rodent and ZIP1 in rodent as potentially biologically important for β-cell zinc trafficking. We propose ZIP6 and ZIP7 are key functional orthologues in human and rodent β-cells and highlight these zinc importers as important targets for exploring associations between zinc status and normal physiology of β-cells and their decline in Type 2 Diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Lawson
- King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, Metal Metabolism Group, 150 Stamford St, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Wolfgang Maret
- King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, Metal Metabolism Group, 150 Stamford St, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Christer Hogstrand
- King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, Metal Metabolism Group, 150 Stamford St, London, SE1 9NH, UK.
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