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Calabro R, Kemps E, Prichard I, Tiggemann M. Effects of traffic light labelling and increased healthy range on beverage choices from vending machines. Public Health Nutr 2024; 27:e113. [PMID: 38587000 PMCID: PMC11036432 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980024000843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test whether traffic light labels and an increased range of healthy beverages, individually and in combination, can increase healthy beverage choices from vending machines. DESIGN Two studies (n 558, 420) tested whether the provision of traffic light labels (green, amber and red) and an increased range of healthy beverages (from 20 % to 50 % green options), individually and in combination, could increase healthy beverage choices from a digital vending machine display. The studies used a between-subjects experimental design, and a hypothetical beverage choice, a limitation when considering real-world applicability. SETTING Both studies utilised an online Qualtrics survey that featured a digital vending machine display. PARTICIPANTS Both studies (n 558, 420) consisted of university students from Flinders University and individuals from a survey recruitment service. RESULTS Featuring traffic lights did not significantly influence beverage choices (P = 0·074), while increasing the healthy range (P = 0·003, OR = 3·27), and the combination of both, did significantly increase healthier beverage choices (P < 0·001, OR = 4·83). CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that the traffic light system and increased healthy range are not maximally effective when used on their own, and benefit greatly when combined, to increase healthy beverage choices. It was suggested that the provision of traffic light labels supplied the necessary nutritional information, and the increased healthy range offered greater opportunity to act in accordance with that information. In so doing, the present findings offer a promising pathway for reducing unhealthy beverage consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Calabro
- Psychology, College of Education, Psychology and Social Work, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA5001, Australia
| | - Eva Kemps
- Psychology, College of Education, Psychology and Social Work, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA5001, Australia
| | - Ivanka Prichard
- Health & Exercise Sciences, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Marika Tiggemann
- Psychology, College of Education, Psychology and Social Work, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA5001, Australia
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202
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Mojtabai R. Problematic social media use and psychological symptoms in adolescents. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2024:10.1007/s00127-024-02657-7. [PMID: 38584201 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-024-02657-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study examined time trends in significant child and adolescent psychological symptoms and explored the association of frequent and problematic social media use with these symptoms. METHODS Time trends in psychological symptoms were assessed using data from five waves of the international survey of Health Behavior in School-aged Children (HBSC), conducted between 2001 and 2018 (N = 1,036,869). The associations of frequent and problematic social media use with significant psychological symptoms were assessed by hierarchical multinomial logistic regression using data from 2001-2002 and the 2017-2018 survey waves. The direction of effect between social media use variables and psychological symptoms was explored using Linear Non-Gaussian Acyclic Models (LiNGAM). RESULTS Prevalence of more severe psychological symptoms increased from 6.7% in 2001-2002 to 10.4% in the 2017-2018 survey waves. The increase was especially large among 15-year old and older girls: from 10.9 to 19.1%. The higher prevalence of more severe psychological symptoms in 2017-2018 compared with 2001-2002 was eliminated after adjusting the model for problematic social media use. LiNGAM analysis supported the direction of effect going from social media use and problematic social media use to psychological symptoms. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that frequent and problematic use of social media contribute to the increasing trend of psychological symptoms in adolescents in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Mojtabai
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tulane University, 1440 Canal Street, Suite 1000, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
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203
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Van Laer S, Fiľakovská Bobáková D, Kolarcik P, Engel O, Madarasová Gecková A, Reijneveld SA, de Kroon MLA. Parenting by mothers from marginalized communities and the role of socioeconomic disadvantage: insights from marginalized Roma communities in Slovakia. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1362179. [PMID: 38646114 PMCID: PMC11026858 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1362179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Roma living in marginalized communities often face poor living conditions and material deprivation, which may negatively impact parenting. Our aim is to compare the parenting behavior (support, harsh discipline, and stimulation) of mothers from marginalized Roma communities and the majority population in Slovakia. We also examine the role of socioeconomic disadvantage and related worries in the differences in parenting behavior between these groups. Methods We obtained cross-sectional data from mothers of children aged 14-18 months using the first wave of the longitudinal RomaREACH study dataset. Two groups were included in the sample: 93 mothers from MRCs and 102 mothers from the majority. We performed multiple regression and mediation analyses to assess whether the educational level of mothers, the degree of poverty, and poverty-related feelings of stress and worries explain parenting behavior differences between the groups of mothers. Results We found significant differences in parenting, especially in harsh disciplining and stimulation. These two domains were significantly associated with maternal education, degree of poverty, and poverty-related stress and worries. The degree of poverty partially mediated stimulation differences between the two groups of mothers. Conclusion Parenting in MRCs seems harsher and less stimulative than parenting in the Slovak majority. These differences are associated with the socioeconomic disadvantage of mothers. The degree of poverty partially explains why parenting in MRCs is less stimulative. These results may inform intervention efforts aimed at disadvantaged families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislava Van Laer
- Department of Health Psychology and Research Methodology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, Kosice, Slovakia
- Graduate School Kosice Institute for Society and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Daniela Fiľakovská Bobáková
- Department of Health Psychology and Research Methodology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, Kosice, Slovakia
- Graduate School Kosice Institute for Society and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, Kosice, Slovakia
- Olomouc University Social Health Institute, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Peter Kolarcik
- Department of Health Psychology and Research Methodology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, Kosice, Slovakia
- Graduate School Kosice Institute for Society and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, Kosice, Slovakia
- Olomouc University Social Health Institute, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Ofer Engel
- Department of Community and Occupational Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Andrea Madarasová Gecková
- Department of Health Psychology and Research Methodology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, Kosice, Slovakia
- Graduate School Kosice Institute for Society and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, Kosice, Slovakia
- Institute of Applied Psychology, Faculty of Social and Economic Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Sijmen A. Reijneveld
- Department of Community and Occupational Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Marlou L. A. de Kroon
- Department of Community and Occupational Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Environment and Health, Youth Health Care, University of Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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204
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Polyakova M, Egiazaryan A, Doroshina V, Zaytsev A, Malashin A, Babina K, Novozhilova N. The Effect of Oral Care Foams and a Spray on Salivary pH Changes after Exposure to Acidic Beverages in Young Adults. Dent J (Basel) 2024; 12:93. [PMID: 38668005 PMCID: PMC11049306 DOI: 10.3390/dj12040093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Soft drinks may have a deleterious effect on dental health due to a high titratable acidity and a low pH that could be sufficient to induce tooth demineralization. The use of oral care products immediately after acidic challenge may diminish the erosive potential of soft drinks. We assessed the effect of oral care foams and a spray on salivary pH changes after exposure to Coca-Cola® in young adults. Thirty-three consenting eligible patients were recruited in this double-blind, randomized, crossover study performed in six visits. Baseline examination included unstimulated salivary flow rate, stimulated salivary buffer capacity, and the simplified oral hygiene index (OHI-S) assessment. Salivary pH and time for pH recovery were registered after exposure to Coca-Cola® alone or that followed by the application of each of the studied products (an oral foam containing hydroxyapatite and probiotics, an oral foam containing amino fluoride, an alkaline oral spray, and tap water). Thirty-two patients completed the entire study protocol and were included in the final analysis. The mean minimum salivary pH and the mean oral clearance rate after rinsing with Coca-Cola® were 6.3 and 27 min, respectively. Further rinsing with any one of the tested solutions, including tap water, resulted in a significant improvement in these parameters. When the pH curves were plotted, the oral care products demonstrated a lower area under the curve that differed significantly from the area under the curve for Coca-Cola®; tap water did not differ significantly from Coca-Cola® and oral care products. Minimum salivary pH correlated positively with salivary buffer capacity and salivation rate, while salivary clearance correlated with OHI-S plaque scores. In conclusion, the effect of oral care foams and a spray on minimum salivary pH and salivary clearance after exposure to Coca-Cola® did not differ significantly among the tested products and tap water. Trial registration NCT06148662. Funding: none.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Polyakova
- Department of Therapeutic Dentistry, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.P.); (A.E.); (V.D.); (N.N.)
| | - Anna Egiazaryan
- Department of Therapeutic Dentistry, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.P.); (A.E.); (V.D.); (N.N.)
| | - Vladlena Doroshina
- Department of Therapeutic Dentistry, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.P.); (A.E.); (V.D.); (N.N.)
| | - Alexandr Zaytsev
- Institute of Linguistics and Intercultural Communication, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | | | - Ksenia Babina
- Department of Therapeutic Dentistry, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.P.); (A.E.); (V.D.); (N.N.)
| | - Nina Novozhilova
- Department of Therapeutic Dentistry, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.P.); (A.E.); (V.D.); (N.N.)
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205
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Ngo O, Chloupková R, Cibula D, Sláma J, Mandelová L, Hejduk K, Hajdúch M, Minka P, Koudeláková V, Jaworek H, Trnková M, Vaněk P, Dvořák V, Dušek L, Májek O. Direct mailing of HPV self-sampling kits to women aged 50-65 non-participating in cervical screening in the Czech Republic. Eur J Public Health 2024; 34:361-367. [PMID: 38224266 PMCID: PMC10990530 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckad229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A population-based cervical cancer screening programme is implemented in the Czech Republic. However, participation is insufficient among women over 50 years. This study aimed to estimate the potential improvement in participation through directly mailed HPV self-sampling kits (HPVssk) compared with standard invitation letters in women aged 50-65 non-participating in screening. METHODS The study recruited 1564 eligible women (no cervical cancer screening in the last 3 years or more, no previous treatment associated with cervical lesions or cervical cancer). Eight hundred women were mailed with an HPVssk (HPVssk group), and 764 women were sent a standard invitation letter (control group) inviting them to a routine screening (Pap test). The primary outcome was a comparison of the overall participation rate between study groups using a binominal regression model. RESULTS The participation rate in the HPVssk group was 13.4% [95% confidence interval (CI) 11.2-15.9%; 7.4% of women returned the HPVssk and 6.0% attended gynaecological examination] and 5.0% (95% CI 3.6-6.8%) in the control group. Using the binominal regression model, the difference between the groups was estimated as 7.6% (95% CI 5.0-10.2%; P < 0.001). In the HPVssk group, 22% of women who returned HPVssk had a positive result and 70% of them underwent a follow-up examination. CONCLUSIONS Compared with traditional invitation letters, the direct mailing of the HPVssk achieved a significantly higher participation rate, along with a notable HPV positivity rate among HPVssk responders. This approach offers a potentially viable method for engaging women who have not yet attended a cervical screening programme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondřej Ngo
- Institute of Health Information and Statistics of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Renata Chloupková
- Institute of Health Information and Statistics of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - David Cibula
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Neonatology, General University Hospital and 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Sláma
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Neonatology, General University Hospital and 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Mandelová
- Institute of Health Information and Statistics of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Hejduk
- Institute of Health Information and Statistics of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marián Hajdúch
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Minka
- RBP, Health Insurance Company, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimíra Koudeláková
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Jaworek
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | | | - Peter Vaněk
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Dvořák
- Centre of Outpatient Gynaecology and Primary Care, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ladislav Dušek
- Institute of Health Information and Statistics of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Májek
- Institute of Health Information and Statistics of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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Ricci Conesa H, Skröder H, Norton N, Bencina G, Tsoumani E. Clinical and economic burden of acute otitis media caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae in European children, after widespread use of PCVs-A systematic literature review of published evidence. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297098. [PMID: 38564583 PMCID: PMC10986968 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute otitis media (AOM) is a common childhood disease frequently caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV7, PCV10, PCV13) can reduce the risk of AOM but may also shift AOM etiology and serotype distribution. The aim of this study was to review estimates from published literature of the burden of AOM in Europe after widespread use of PCVs over the past 10 years, focusing on incidence, etiology, serotype distribution and antibiotic resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae, and economic burden. METHODS This systematic review included published literature from 31 European countries, for children aged ≤5 years, published after 2011. Searches were conducted using PubMed, Embase, Google, and three disease conference websites. Risk of bias was assessed with ISPOR-AMCP-NPC, ECOBIAS or ROBIS, depending on the type of study. RESULTS In total, 107 relevant records were identified, which revealed wide variation in study methodology and reporting, thus limiting comparisons across outcomes. No homogenous trends were identified in incidence rates across countries, or in detection of S. pneumoniae as a cause of AOM over time. There were indications of a reduction in hospitalization rates (decreases between 24.5-38.8% points, depending on country, PCV type and time since PCV introduction) and antibiotic resistance (decreases between 14-24%, depending on country), following the widespread use of PCVs over time. The last two trends imply a potential decrease in economic burden, though this was not possible to confirm with the identified cost data. There was also evidence of an increase in serotype distributions towards non-vaccine serotypes in all of the countries where non-PCV serotype data were available, as well as limited data of increased antibiotic resistance within non-vaccine serotypes. CONCLUSIONS Though some factors point to a reduction in AOM burden in Europe, the burden still remains high, residual burden from uncovered serotypes is present and it is difficult to provide comprehensive, accurate and up-to-date estimates of said burden from the published literature. This could be improved by standardised methodology, reporting and wider use of surveillance systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Goran Bencina
- Center for Observational and Real-World Evidence, MSD, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eleana Tsoumani
- Center for Observational and Real-World Evidence, MSD, Athens, Greece
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207
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Voutilainen T, Keski-Nisula L, Rysä J, Kärkkäinen O. Parental cigarette smoking before and during pregnancy in a cohort of 21 472 pregnancies. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2024; 134:543-555. [PMID: 38378277 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Smoking during pregnancy is one of the leading causes for adverse pregnancy outcomes. We studied parental smoking both before and during pregnancy in a retrospective cohort of 21 472 singleton pregnancies. Although most smoking women (74%) ceased tobacco use, there was possible gestational exposure to maternal cigarette smoking in every fifth pregnancy. Continued smoking throughout pregnancy was more prevalent in the partners (22%) than in the pregnant women (7%). The smoking behaviour of the women, especially the number of cigarettes smoked per day (CPD), before and in early pregnancy predicted the continuation of smoking throughout the pregnancy and could be used in identifying high risk groups. In addition, their partner's smoking habits both before and during pregnancy, were associated with the likelihood that the woman would continue to smoke during her pregnancy (rs ≈ 0.4). Furthermore, continued smoking of both parents were associated with decreased birth weight, head circumference and Apgar score, and increased duration of hospital stay and need for special care after birth. Consequently, addressing the lifestyles of both parents in the health care and maternity clinics could help in reducing maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy and the adverse pregnancy outcomes associated with smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taija Voutilainen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Leea Keski-Nisula
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Kuopio University Hospital, Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jaana Rysä
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Olli Kärkkäinen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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208
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Suneja A, Deshpande SV, Pisulkar G, Taywade S, Awasthi AA, Salwan A, Goel S. Navigating the Divide: A Comprehensive Review of the Mechanical and Anatomical Axis Approaches in Total Knee Replacement. Cureus 2024; 16:e57938. [PMID: 38738158 PMCID: PMC11084915 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.57938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This comprehensive review explores the mechanical and anatomical axis approaches in total knee replacement (TKR) surgery, addressing the ongoing debate within the orthopedic community. Emphasizing the significance of TKR in alleviating knee-related disorders, this review underscores the pivotal role of accurate alignment in achieving optimal surgical outcomes. The purpose is to navigate the divide between the well-established mechanical axis approach, focusing on a straight-line alignment, and the anatomical axis approach, aligning with natural knee landmarks. The analysis delves into the advantages, disadvantages, and clinical implications of each approach, offering a nuanced perspective on their efficacy. The conclusion emphasizes a patient-centric approach, recommending the adoption of hybrid strategies and the incorporation of emerging technologies for enhanced precision. The future of TKR aligns with personalized medicine, leveraging advancements in computer-assisted navigation, robotics, and patient-specific implants. Ongoing professional development and interdisciplinary collaboration are crucial for surgeons, and as the field evolves, innovations in artificial intelligence, imaging, and 3D printing are expected to shape the trajectory of TKR alignment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anmol Suneja
- Orthopedics, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education & Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Sanjay V Deshpande
- Orthopedics, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education & Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Gajanan Pisulkar
- Orthopedics, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education & Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Shounak Taywade
- Orthopedics, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education & Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Abhiram A Awasthi
- Orthopedics and Traumatology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education & Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Ankur Salwan
- Orthopedics, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education & Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Sachin Goel
- Orthopedics, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education & Research, Wardha, IND
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Kulhánová I, Lustigová M, Drbohlav D, Leontiyeva Y, Dzúrová D. Determinants of self-rated health among highly educated Ukrainian women refugees in Czechia: analysis based on cross-sectional study in 2022. BMC Womens Health 2024; 24:206. [PMID: 38561703 PMCID: PMC10985999 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-024-03053-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Russia's military aggression against Ukraine set in motion a large number of refugees. Considerable amount of them came and stayed in Czechia. Refugees represent special vulnerable individuals often affected by war physically and psychologically. Due to the national regulations not allowing most of Ukrainian men aged 18-60 to leave the country, nowadays Ukrainian forced migration is relatively young and strongly gendered. Evidence suggests the higher probability for searching the safe refuge abroad among Ukrainian women with small children as well as those with relatively higher economic and cultural capital. The aim of this study is to identify the structural features of systemic risks associated with war migration by examining determinants of self-rated health among forcibly displaced highly educated Ukrainian women of productive age residing in Czechia. METHODS Data from one wave of the panel survey among Ukrainian refugees in Czechia conducted in September 2022 was used. Determinants of self-rated health including self-reported diseases and healthcare factors, lifestyle, human and social capital, economic factors, and migration characteristics were analysed using binary logistic regression. RESULTS About 45% highly educated Ukrainian women refugees in Czechia assessed their health as poor. The poor self-rated health was mostly associated with the number of diseases and depressive symptoms, and by social capital and economic factors. Having four and more diseases (OR = 13.26; 95%-CI: 5.61-31.35), showing some severe depressive symptoms (OR = 7.20; 95%-CI: 3.95-13.13), experiencing difficulties to seek help from others (OR = 2.25; 95%-CI: 1.20-4.23), living alone in a household (OR = 2.67; 95%-CI: 1.37-5.27), having severe material deprivation (OR = 2.70; 95%-CI: 1.35-5.41) and coming originally from the eastern part of Ukraine (OR = 2.96; 95%-CI: 1.34-6.55) increased the chance of these refugees to assess their health as poor. CONCLUSION Social and economic determinants such as lack of social contacts for seeking help and material deprivation were found to be crucial for self-rated health and should be tackled via migration policies. Further, qualitative research is needed to better understand the mechanisms behind the factors affecting subjectively assessed health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Kulhánová
- Department of Social Geography and Regional Development, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, Prague, 128 00, Czechia.
- Department of Demography and Geodemography, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia.
| | - Michala Lustigová
- Department of Social Geography and Regional Development, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, Prague, 128 00, Czechia
| | - Dušan Drbohlav
- Department of Social Geography and Regional Development, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, Prague, 128 00, Czechia
| | - Yana Leontiyeva
- Czech Social Science Data Archive, Institute of Sociology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Dagmar Dzúrová
- Department of Social Geography and Regional Development, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, Prague, 128 00, Czechia
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210
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Radmanić L, Šimičić P, Bodulić K, Vince A, Zidovec-Lepej S. Antiviral treatment significantly reduces the levels of CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11 in chronic hepatitis C. Cytokine 2024; 176:156529. [PMID: 38335772 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2024.156529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to elucidate the changes in the immune response during antiviral treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis C, with an emphasis on the chemokine dynamics and their association with liver fibrosis. Serum concentrations of 12 chemokines. (CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, CCL11, CCL17, CCL20, CXCL1, CXCL5, CXCL8, CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11) were measured in 32 patients with chronic hepatitis C before direct-acting antiviral treatment and after sustained virological response using bead-based flow cytometry. Chemokine levels were also measured in 14 sex- and age-matched healthy individuals. Concentrations of CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11 and CCL20 were significantly higher in chronic hepatitis C patients before direct-acting antiviral treatment compared to healthy individuals. We also observed a significant reduction in CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11 levels after sustained virological response. Furthermore, we demonstrated a strong positive correlation between CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11 levels before antiviral treatment. When considering liver fibrosis, we found significantly higher levels of CXCL10 and lower levels of CCL17 and CXCL5 in pre-treatment patients with severe fibrosis. None of the analysed chemokines were able to predict METAVIR fibrosis score reduction after sustained virological response. The results of this study emphasize the importance of proinflammatory pathways in liver fibrosis immunopathology during chronic hepatitis C. Finally, our results also characterized CXCL10 as the chemokine which most accurately distinguished pre-treatment CHC patients and healthy individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leona Radmanić
- Department of Immunological and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital for Infectious Diseases, "Dr. Fran Mihaljević", HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Petra Šimičić
- Department of Immunological and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital for Infectious Diseases, "Dr. Fran Mihaljević", HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Kristian Bodulić
- Research Department, University Hospital for Infectious Diseases, "Dr. Fran Mihaljević", HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Adriana Vince
- Department of Viral Hepatitis, University Hospital for Infectious Diseases, "Dr. Fran Mihaljević", HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia; School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Snjezana Zidovec-Lepej
- Department of Immunological and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital for Infectious Diseases, "Dr. Fran Mihaljević", HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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El Ansari W, Savira M, Atmoko W, Shah R, Boitrelle F, Agarwal A. The Global Andrology Forum (GAF): Structure, Roles, Functioning and Outcomes: An Online Model for Collaborative Research. World J Mens Health 2024; 42:415-428. [PMID: 37635335 PMCID: PMC10949020 DOI: 10.5534/wjmh.230101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE There are no published examples of a global online research collaborative in andrology. We describe the development, profile and member characteristics of the first consortium of this type, the Global Andrology Forum (GAF). MATERIALS AND METHODS An online survey sent to all GAF members collected demographic information (sex, age, experience, academic title, degrees, country, specialty, profession). It also tapped data on members' characteristics e.g., skills in research, software and statistics; preferred activities; time commitments; expected roles; and interest in participating in research, in GAF's scientific activities and collaborative online research. The findings were analyzed and tabulated. We outline members' demographic and professional characteristics and scientific achievements to date. A narrative approach outlined GAF's structure and functioning. RESULTS A total of 418 out of 540 members completed the survey and were included in the analysis (77.4% response rate). The sample comprised mainly urologists (34.2%) and a third of the respondents had practiced for >15 years (33.3%). Up to 86.1% of the members expressed interest in being actively engaged in writing scientific articles. A third of the sample (37.1%) could dedicate 4 to 6 hours/week. Few respondents reported skills in statistics and artwork (2.6% and 1.9% respectively). Members were assigned to specific roles based on their expertise and experiences. Collaborative working ensured the timely completion of projects while maintaining quality. For outcomes, GAF published 29 original articles within one year of its creation, with authors from 48 countries spanning topics that included varicocele, sperm DNA damage, oxidative stress, semen analysis and male infertility, oocyte/embryo, and laboratory issues of assisted reproductive technique (ART) and male infertility evaluation. CONCLUSIONS GAF is a successful global online andrology research model. A healthy number of scientific articles have been published. Given such effectiveness, adopting the GAF model could be useful for other disciplines that wish to create and coordinate successful international online research groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walid El Ansari
- Department of Surgery, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Postgraduate Medical Education, College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Population Health, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Missy Savira
- Department of Urology, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
| | - Widi Atmoko
- Department of Urology, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
| | - Rupin Shah
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Department of Urology, Lilavati Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Florence Boitrelle
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Fertility Preservation, Andrology, CECOS, Poissy Hospital, Poissy, France
- Department of Biology, Reproduction, Epigenetics, Environment and Development, Paris Saclay University, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Ashok Agarwal
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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Vempuluru VS, Maniar A, Kaliki S. Global retinoblastoma studies: A review. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2024; 52:334-354. [PMID: 38263682 DOI: 10.1111/ceo.14357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
In the current era of global health awareness for retinoblastoma (RB), the challenge that lies ahead of us is providing optimal care for children affected with RB in underdeveloped nations. The understanding of similarities and disparities between various nations across the world aids in achieving comparable outcomes. With dissolving geographic barriers and evolving collaboration, global collaborative studies on RB are becoming increasingly common. They provide real-world, robust evidence on several aspects of RB. This review discusses insights gained from global RB studies regarding the demographics, certain aspects of etiopathogenesis and epidemiology, international travel burden, disparities in clinical presentations based on national income levels, management protocols, pathology, treatment outcomes, and the effect of COVID-19 on RB care across the world. These insights are likely to impact individual practice as well as inform policy reforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijitha S Vempuluru
- The Operation Eyesight Universal Institute for Eye Cancer, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Arpita Maniar
- Duke Eye Center, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Swathi Kaliki
- The Operation Eyesight Universal Institute for Eye Cancer, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
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213
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Luque V, Crespo-Escobar P, Hård Af Segerstad EM, Koltai T, Norsa L, Roman E, Vreugdenhil A, Fueyo-Díaz R, Ribes-Koninckx C. Gluten-free diet for pediatric patients with coeliac disease: A position paper from the ESPGHAN gastroenterology committee, special interest group in coeliac disease. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2024; 78:973-995. [PMID: 38291739 DOI: 10.1002/jpn3.12079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Coeliac disease is a chronic, immune-mediated disorder for which the only treatment consists of lifelong strict adherence to gluten-free diet (GFD). However, there is a lack of evidence-based guidelines on the GFD dietary management of coeliac disease. This position paper, led by the Special Interest Group in coeliac disease of the European Society of Pediatric, Gastroenterology Hepatology, and Nutrition, supported by the Nutrition Committee and the Allied Health Professionals Committee, aims to present evidence-based recommendations on the GFD as well as how to support dietary adherence. METHODS A wide literature search was performed using the MeSH Terms: "diet, gluten free," "gluten-free diet," "diets, gluten-free," "gluten free diet," and "coeliac disease" in Pubmed until November 8th, 2022. RESULTS The manuscript provides an overview of the definition of the GFD, regulations as basis to define the term "gluten-free," which foods are naturally gluten-free and gluten-containing. Moreover, it provides recommendations and educational tips and infographics on suitable food substitutes, the importance of reading food labels, risk of gluten cross-contact at home and in public settings, nutritional considerations as well as factors associated to dietary adherence based on available evidence, or otherwise clinical expertise. CONCLUSIONS This position paper provides guidance and recommendations to support children with coeliac disease to safely adhere to a GFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Luque
- Serra Húnter, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
- Paediatric Nutrition and Development Research Unit, IISPV, Reus, Spain
| | - Paula Crespo-Escobar
- Health Sciences Department, ADVISE Research Group, Miguel de Cervantes European University, Valladolid, Spain
- Nutrition and Dietetics Unit, Hospital Recoletas Campo Grande, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Elin M Hård Af Segerstad
- Paediatric Department, Skane University Hospital, Malmoe, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Celiac Disease and Diabetes Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmoe, Sweden
| | - Tunde Koltai
- Direction Board, Association of European Coeliac Societies, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lorenzo Norsa
- Paediatric Hepatology, Gastroenterology and Transplantation, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Enriqueta Roman
- Paediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Majadahonda, Spain
| | - Anita Vreugdenhil
- Department of Pediatrics, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ricardo Fueyo-Díaz
- Department of Psychology and Sociology, Aragonese Primary Care Research Group (GAIAP, B21_20R), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Carmen Ribes-Koninckx
- Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, La Fe University Hospital & La Fe Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
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Amani Room S, Huang KT, Pan SY, Chen PJ, Hsu YC, Chi KH. Health assessment of emerging persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in PM 2.5 in northern and central Taiwan. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 353:141573. [PMID: 38428532 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Over the last two decades, Taiwan has effectively diminished atmospheric concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/furans (PCDD/Fs) through the adept utilization of advanced technologies and the implementation of air pollution control devices. Despite this success, there exists a dearth of data regarding the levels of other PM2.5-bound organic pollutants and their associated health risks. To address this gap, our study comprehensively investigates the spatial and seasonal variations, potential sources, and health risks of PCDD/Fs, Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and Polychlorinated naphthalene (PCNs) in Northern and Central Taiwan. Sampling collections were conducted at three specific locations, including six municipal waste incinerators in Northern Taiwan, as well as a traffic and an industrial site in Central Taiwan. As a result, the highest mean values of PM2.5 (20.3-39.6 μg/m3) were observed at traffic sites, followed by industrial sites (14.4-39.3 μg/m3), and the vicinity of the municipal waste incinerator (12.4-29.4 μg/m3). Additionally, PCDD/Fs and PCBs exhibited discernible seasonal fluctuations, displaying higher concentrations in winter (7.53-11.9 and 0.09-0.12 fg I-TEQWHO/m3) and spring (7.02-13.7 and 0.11-0.16 fg I-TEQWHO/m3) compared to summer and autumn. Conversely, PCNs displayed no significant seasonal variations, with peak values observed in winter (0.05-0.10 fg I-TEQWHO/m3) and spring (0.03-0.08 fg I-TEQWHO/m3). Utilizing a Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) model, sintering plants emerged as the predominant contributors to PCDD/Fs, constituting 77.9% of emissions. Woodchip boilers (68.3%) and municipal waste incinerators (21.0%) were identified as primary contributors to PCBs, while municipal waste incinerators (64.6%) along with a secondary copper and a copper sludge smelter (22.1%) were the principal sources of PCNs. Moreover, the study specified that individuals aged 19-70 in Northern Taiwan and those under the age of 12 years in Central Taiwan were found to have a significantly higher cancer risk, with values ranging from 9.26 x 10-9-1.12 x 10-7 and from 2.50 x 10-8-2.08 x 10-7respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahzada Amani Room
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Kai Ting Huang
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Shih Yu Pan
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Po Jui Chen
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Yuam-Cheng Hsu
- National Environmental Research Academy, Ministry of Environment, Taoyuan, 330, Taiwan
| | - Kai Hsien Chi
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan.
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215
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Mohammadpour R, Mohebi S, Mohammadbeigi A, Gholamrezaee-Sarvelat Z, Ahangari R, Oskouei AO. The effectiveness of training mothers with regard to pediculosis preventive behavior among school students: A Protection Motivation Theory study. J Vector Borne Dis 2024; 61:195-202. [PMID: 38922653 DOI: 10.4103/jvbd.jvbd_146_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND OBJECTIVES Lice infestation is considered as a reemerging problem as well as a health challenge. Based on Protection Motivation Theory, the present study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of training mothers in regard to pediculosis preventive behavior among school students. METHODS In a critical trial, 180 mothers of primary school daughters were assessed in two study groups in the Iranian city of Qom in 2021. They received training intervention in a course of four ninety-minute sessions during four weeks. After six months, the post-test questionnaire and the checklist were completed by them. The data were gathered using a valid and reliable questionnaire. Finally, data analysis was performed using SPSS 20. RESULTS After the training intervention, a significant difference was observed within the intervention group in scores of the prevention motivation constructs (P<0.001). Besides, there was a significant difference between the mean scores of the preventive behavior of the mothers and daughters in the intervention group before the training intervention and six months after it (P<0.001). However, no significant difference was seen before and after the intervention in the control group (P>0.05). Additionally, no significant differences were observed between the intervention and control groups (P<0.001) in terms of comparing the mean score differences of all the constructs of protection motivation theory, the mothers' behavior and the daughters' behavior checklist. INTERPRETATION CONCLUSION The results indicate the effectiveness of training mothers based on Protection Motivation Theory in regard to pediculosis. Therefore, it seems that in developing training programs, utilizing this theory could prove useful to bring about changes in the individuals' behavior regarding the prevention of pediculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Siamak Mohebi
- School of Health, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | | | | | - Roghaye Ahangari
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
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216
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Heinz FX. Development of a highly purified tick-borne encephalitis vaccine : A personal historical account. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2024; 136:215-219. [PMID: 37391599 PMCID: PMC11006719 DOI: 10.1007/s00508-023-02240-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Before the advent of a vaccine, infections with tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) virus in Austria led to the hospitalization of several hundred and, due to underreporting, possibly more than thousand patients with severe neurological disease every year. In the late 1960s and early 1970s, this country had the highest recorded morbidity of TBE in Europe, but similar endemic risk areas exist in many other European countries as well as Central and Eastern Asia. In this article, I describe my personal recollections of the development of a highly purified TBE vaccine in the late 1970s, to which I contributed as a young post-doctoral scientist mentored by Christian Kunz (then director of the Institute of Virology at the Medical Faculty, University of Vienna) in a collaboration with the Austrian biopharmaceutical company Immuno. Low reactogenicity of the newly developed vaccine was a prerequisite for mass vaccination campaigns in Austria that started in the early 1980s. Because of its excellent immunogenicity, broad application of the highly purified vaccine paved the way for a dramatic reduction of the incidence of TBE in Austria, which is outstanding in Europe and referred to as an Austrian success story of immunoprophylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franz X Heinz
- Center for Virology, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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217
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Makaruk H, Webster EK, Porter J, Makaruk B, Bodasińska A, Zieliński J, Tomaszewski P, Nogal M, Szyszka P, Starzak M, Śliwa M, Banaś M, Biegajło M, Chaliburda A, Gierczuk D, Suchecki B, Molik B, Sadowski J. The fundamental motor skill proficiency among Polish primary school-aged children: A nationally representative surveillance study. J Sci Med Sport 2024; 27:243-249. [PMID: 38171985 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2023.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES With the premise that physical education classes should promote physical activity by teaching and learning fundamental motor skills, this study aimed to evaluate the fundamental motor skill proficiency of primary school students and determine the level of achievement of established learning outcomes for fundamental motor skills, as specified in the Polish National Physical Education Curriculum. DESIGN AND METHODS A cross-sectional design was used for this study. The sample consisted of 2605 children and adolescents enrolled in grades 1-3 (ages 7-9, n = 1165), 4-6 (ages 10-12, n = 837), and 7-8 (ages 13-14, n = 603), including 1353 boys and 1252 girls. The Fundamental Motor Skills in Sport test, a qualitative and process-oriented assessment tool, was used to evaluate fundamental motor skills. The Fundamental Motor Skills in Sport test evaluates the following movement skills: hurdles, jumping rope, forward roll, ball bouncing, ball throwing and catching, and kicking and stopping a ball. RESULTS The desired level of overall fundamental motor skill proficiency was achieved by only 2 % of students. An elementary level of fundamental motor skill proficiency was demonstrated by an additional 3.5 % of students. Further, the results showed that only 10-30 % of students had achieved mastery or were close to achieving mastery in a given fundamental motor skill. The skill with the lowest level of proficiency was jumping rope, which only 11 % of students had mastered or were near to mastering. CONCLUSIONS The present study of a large, nationally representative sample of primary school students in Poland indicates that the vast majority (approximately 94 %) of them demonstrated insufficient fundamental motor skill proficiency. This may greatly hinder effective, safe, and healthy participation in lifelong physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hubert Makaruk
- Faculty of Physical Education and Health, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Poland.
| | - E Kipling Webster
- Department of Kinesiology, Recreation, and Sport Studies, University of Tennessee, USA
| | - Jared Porter
- Department of Kinesiology, Recreation, and Sport Studies, University of Tennessee, USA
| | - Beata Makaruk
- Faculty of Physical Education and Health, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Bodasińska
- Faculty of Physical Education and Health, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Poland
| | - Janusz Zieliński
- Faculty of Physical Education and Health, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Tomaszewski
- Faculty of Physical Education, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Nogal
- Faculty of Physical Education and Health, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paulina Szyszka
- Faculty of Physical Education and Health, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Starzak
- Faculty of Physical Education and Health, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Śliwa
- Faculty of Physical Education and Health, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Banaś
- Faculty of Physical Education and Health, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Biegajło
- Faculty of Physical Education and Health, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agata Chaliburda
- Faculty of Physical Education and Health, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dariusz Gierczuk
- Faculty of Physical Education and Health, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bogusz Suchecki
- Faculty of Physical Education and Health, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bartosz Molik
- Faculty of Rehabilitation, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jerzy Sadowski
- Faculty of Physical Education and Health, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Poland
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218
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Rost K, Gossmann E, Fegert JM, Ziegenhain U, Köhler-Dauner F. Long-term consequences of childhood emotional abuse in mothers on parental load and child mental health. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2024; 244:104169. [PMID: 38341882 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2024.104169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood emotional maltreatment can be associated with long-term consequences on mental health. In addition, transgenerational transmission of adverse childhood experiences to the next generation can occur and thus have an impact on the mental health of one's own children. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to examine the role of stress on the association between childhood emotional maltreatment and parental load what is referred to in this study as limitations in parental functioning that affect the resources available to parents to cope with the demands of raising, caring for, and providing for their child. Furthermore the effect of parental load on the mental health of one's own children will be examined. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING N = 237 mother-child dyads (age mother M = 33.76, SD = 4.07 years; age child M = 11.91 months, SD = 0.89 months) from a longitudinal cohort study were examined at two different measuring points. METHODS Emotional abuse, perceived stress, parental load and child mental health were assessed using self and external report questionnaires. RESULTS The calculation of a mediation showed that the association of emotional abuse and parental load was completely mediated by perceived stress (indirect effect ab = 0.44, 95 %-CI[0.17, 0.78]). In addition, effects of parental load on the child's mental health (β = 0.13, 95%CI [0.07;0.20]), mainly hyperactivity (β = 0.06, 95%CI [0.03;0.11]) and prosocial behavior (β = -0.04, 95%CI [-0.07; -0.01]), were evident. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study provide evidence that the mental health of children can be influenced in the long term by increased parental load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Rost
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychotherapy, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Emily Gossmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychotherapy, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jörg M Fegert
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychotherapy, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ute Ziegenhain
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychotherapy, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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219
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Ma N, Feng B, Li M. Noise Sensitivity in Cataract Patients: A Retrospective Study. Noise Health 2024; 26:180-185. [PMID: 38904820 DOI: 10.4103/nah.nah_46_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Noise sensitivity results from a series of variables and processes, and it can be used to predict the annoyance caused by noise and health-related outcomes. This study aimed to compare the noise sensitivity between cataract patients and healthy subjects and explore the effect of high noise sensitivity on cataract patients. METHODS A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 100 cataract patients and 78 healthy subjects who underwent physical examination in Jiaozhou Central Hospital of Qingdao from February 2020 to February 2023. Noise sensitivity was evaluated by adopting the 8-Item Weinstein Noise Sensitivity Scale (WNSS-8). Comparisons were conducted on the psychological state scores, blood pressure (BP), and heart rate (HR) of the high- (HG) and low-noise-sensitivity (LG) groups. RESULTS Cataract patients exhibited lower visual acuity (P < 0.001) and higher WNSS-8 scores than the healthy subjects (P < 0.05). On the basis of the median of WNSS-8, the cataract patients were divided into HG (n = 42) and LG (n = 58). Compared with the LG, the HG presented higher Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 scores, Beck Depression Inventory scores, systolic BP, diastolic BP and HR (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS High noise sensitivity in cataract patients may be associated with vision disorders, and it may affect their BP and HR and damage physical and mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Ma
- Ophthalmology Department, Jiaozhou Central Hospital of Qingdao, Jiaozhou 266300, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Bo Feng
- Medical Imaging Department, Jiaozhou Central Hospital of Qingdao, Jiaozhou 266300, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Ming Li
- Ophthalmology Department, Jiaozhou Central Hospital of Qingdao, Jiaozhou 266300, Qingdao, Shandong, China
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220
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Oiwoh SO, Enitan AO, Adegbosin OT, Akinboro AO, Onayemi EO. Androgenetic Alopecia: A Review. Niger Postgrad Med J 2024; 31:85-92. [PMID: 38826011 DOI: 10.4103/npmj.npmj_47_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
This study reviewed the current knowledge on the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentations, diagnosis, treatment, quality-of-life assessment and recent trends in androgenetic alopecia (AGA). Relevant articles on AGA from PubMed, Google Scholar, Medline and Scopus from 1950 to 2024 were obtained and scrutinized.. Key search words included each term like 'androgenetic alopecia', 'androgenic alopecia', 'pattern baldness' and 'pattern hair loss' AND each term like 'epidemiology', 'pathophysiology', 'genetics', 'hormones', 'micronutrient', 'stress and inflammation', 'growth factors', 'clinical features', 'staging', 'cardiovascular associations', 'diagnosis' and 'management' were used in the search. AGA is a non-scarring hair loss that is exemplified by a progressive decline of hair follicles, or non-functional or dead hair follicles in the scalp in a defined pattern. It is the most common hair loss, more common in men but can also present in younger age as premature AGA. Hormones, genetics, micronutrient deficiency, microinflammation and stress have been implicated, while psychosocial distress and cutaneous correlate of cardiovascular diseases have become sources of relentless research. AGA is a patterned hair loss that is more prevalent in Men. It results from the interactions between hormonal, genetic and other factors which determine the extent of hair loss and associated disorders (psychosocial and cardiovascular). As results of more research become available, the extent of AGA, its comorbidities as well as the full spectrum of their manifestations will continue to be sources of health education and more holistic examination by dermatologists and patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastine Oseghae Oiwoh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dermatology and Venereology Unit, Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, Edo State, Nigeria
| | - Ademola Olusegun Enitan
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | | | - Adeolu Oladayo Akinboro
- Department of Medicine, Dermatology and Venereology Unit, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Emmanuel Olaniyi Onayemi
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
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Usui R, Aomori M, Kanamori S, Sehi BTJ, Watabe S. Association of Obesity With Health Literacy and Weight Perception Among Women Merchants in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire: A Cross-Sectional Study. Health Lit Res Pract 2024; 8:e102-e112. [PMID: 38852072 PMCID: PMC11235983 DOI: 10.3928/24748307-20240521-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire's largest city, obesity rates among women are increasing, posing a major health challenge, especially for the working generation. Merchants represent 64.3% of working women and are a typical occupation for women with low- and middle-income. Health literacy is used to prevent and overcome chronic diseases and can be used as anti-obesity measures. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between obesity, health literacy, and weight perception among women merchants in Abidjan. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, we conducted a complete enumeration survey among women merchants in a market in Abidjan from December 2020 to December 2021. In addition to anthropometric measurements, structured face-to-face interviews were conducted. The participants were asked about their weight perception, weight management behaviors, and sociodemographic attributes. They also responded to the Health Literacy Questionnaire (HLQ). Data were tabulated using descriptive statistics, and multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to examine obesity's association with HLQ scales, weight perception, and weight management behaviors. KEY RESULTS Of the 873 participants, 259 (29.7%) were obese; 82% of them underestimated their weight. Obesity was associated with a higher rate of HLQ1 (Feeling understood and supported by health care providers) (odds ratio [OR] = 2.926, confidence interval [CI]:1.450-5.901, p = .03), a lower score of HLQ3 (Actively managing my health) (OR = 0.343, CI:0.165-0.716, p = 0.004), a lower rate of accurate weight perception (OR = 0.145, CI: 0.093-0.224, p < .001), and a lower rate of eating at least three meals per day (OR = 0.401, CI:0.260-0.617, p < .001). CONCLUSIONS Findings from this study of Abidjan women merchants include obese participants' lack of a proactive attitude toward personal health management, and the association of factors such as inaccurate weight perception and eating fewer than three meals per day with obesity. These finding have important implications for future anti-obesity measures. [HLRP: Health Literacy Research and Practice. 2024;8(2):e102-e112.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Usui
- Address correspondence to Rui Usui, PhD, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Shonan University of Medical Science, 16-48 Kamishinano, Totsuka Ward, Yokohama, Kanagawa 244-0806, Japan;
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Rodríguez-Expósito B, Rieker JA, Uceda S, Beltrán-Velasco AI, Echeverry-Alzate V, Gómez-Ortega M, Positivo A, Reiriz M. Psychological characteristics associated with chemsex among men who have sex with men: Internalized homophobia, conscientiousness and serostatus as predictive factors. Int J Clin Health Psychol 2024; 24:100465. [PMID: 38737628 PMCID: PMC11088328 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijchp.2024.100465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Although significant progress has been made in the rights of the LGBTQ+ community, even today this population still faces stigma and discrimination that impacts their mental health. In the case of men who have sex with men, it has been demonstrated that the use of drugs in a sexual context (chemsex) is one of the coping mechanisms and means of escape to deal with these situations. Method We assessed 284 native Spanish speakers' participants, 45,4 % were not engaged in sexualised drug use (n = 129) while 54,6 % were chemsex users (n = 155) using 18,7 % of them the injected via. The participants completed six questionnaires about life and sexual satisfaction, depression, anxiety, internalised homophobia and personality. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression were performed to assess the associations between sexual behaviour-related and psychological variables. Kruskal-Wallis H test was used to analysed the impact on mental health of the administration via. Results Aged, unprotected sexual relationships, positive serostatus, homonegativity and conscientiousness predicted the chemsex engagement. Furthermore, we found differences regarding the administration via. Conclusions We conclude that mental health significantly correlates with the practice of chemsex, highlighting the importance of integrating mental health considerations into the prevention of risky sexual behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamín Rodríguez-Expósito
- Nebrija University, Facultad de Lenguas y Educación, Universidad Antonio de Nebrija, Madrid 28240, Spain
- Departament of Psychology, UNED, Seville, Spain
| | - Jennifer A. Rieker
- NBC Group, Psychology Department, School of Life and Nature Sciences, Nebrija University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Uceda
- NBC Group, Psychology Department, School of Life and Nature Sciences, Nebrija University, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Víctor Echeverry-Alzate
- NBC Group, Psychology Department, School of Life and Nature Sciences, Nebrija University, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Manuel Reiriz
- NBC Group, Psychology Department, School of Life and Nature Sciences, Nebrija University, Madrid, Spain
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Neta ADCPDA, Farias Júnior JCD, Ferreira FELDL, Aznar LAM, Marchioni DML. Association between sedentary behavior, diet and nutritional status in adolescents: baseline results from the LONCAAFS Study. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2024; 29:e17082022. [PMID: 38655956 DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232024294.17082022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to analyze the relationship between time spent engaged in sedentary behaviors, type of diet, and overweight in adolescents. A cross-sectional study using data from the Longitudinal Study on Sedentary Behavior, Physical Activity, Eating Habits, and Health of Adolescents - LONCAAFS Study. A total of 1,438 adolescents (10 to 14 years old) from public schools in the city of João Pessoa, Brazil, participated in the study. To evaluate the combined effects of excessive time in sedentary behavior and consumption from two food groups: Convenience and Prudent on overweight, we performed multiple logistic regression analyses, adjusted for energy, level of physical activity, sex, and age. Excessive time in sedentary behavior increased the chance of adolescents being overweight by 37% (OR = 1.37; 95%CI: 1.04-1.80). This chance increased to 43% when the adolescents were simultaneously engaged in excessive sedentary behavior and had high consumption of the Convenience food group (OR = 1.43; 95%CI: 1.05-1.94) and increased to 39% on those who engaged in excessive sedentary behavior and had low consumption of foods from the Prudent (OR = 1.39; 95%CI: 1.04-1.84). Excessive sedentary behavior is associated with being overweight and the chance increases with the consumption of convenient foods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Luis Alberto Moreno Aznar
- Center for Biomedical Research and Physiopathology in Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn), University of Zaragoza. Zaragoza Spain
| | - Dirce Maria Lobo Marchioni
- Departamento de Nutrição, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo. Av. Dr. Arnaldo 715. 01246-904 São Paulo SP Brasil.
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Manique L, Paulo R, Ramalho A, Duarte-Mendes P, Petrica J, Serrano J. Physical fitness in children in Cabo Verde: differences between gender, eutrophic vs. overweight subjects, and practitioners vs. non-practitioners of sports. Minerva Pediatr (Torino) 2024; 76:217-226. [PMID: 33820413 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-5276.21.06020-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are few or even rare studies conducted in Cabo Verde (Republic of Cabo Verde) that address the issue of physical fitness and body composition in the juvenile population. This investigation aims to study the physical fitness in children in Cabo Verde: differences between gender, eutrophic, and overweight subjects, between practitioners and non-practitioners of sports. METHODS The sample consisted of 93 individuals aged between 10 and 15 years, from the 2nd and 3rd cycles and secondary school of the Portuguese College based in Cabo Verde. The instruments used for data collection were the FITescola® test battery (Lisboa, Portugal), and the questionnaire Quantification de l'activite physique en altitude chez les enfants (QAPACE) for assessment of physical activity level. Regarding the statistical analysis using the SPSS 23.0 software (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA), the first analysis was performed to verify the distribution of the sample (Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test and Shapiro-Wilk Test). Then, for variables with normal distribution we used the t-test and for the remaining variables with non-normal distribution we used the Mann-Whitney Test, with a significance level of 5%. RESULTS Gender differences were found, in which the male gender obtained more favorable mean values in the "sit-ups," "push-ups," "horizontal impulsion," "shuttle" and "agility" variables, while the females showed superiority in the variables "sit and reach;" differences between the eutrophic and overweight group where, as expected, more favorable mean values for eutrophics than the overweight group in all PF tests. Finally, differences between practitioners and non-practitioners of sports, with the best results being attributed to practitioners of sports. CONCLUSIONS We concluded that male subjects have greater proficiency in strength and aerobic fitness tests while female subjects have greater flexibility. High BMI values in overweight children have been found to be associated with increased abdominal fat as well as a reduction in overall PF. As expected, sports practitioners show better results in motor performance on PF tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Manique
- Department of Sport and Wellbeing, Polytechnic Institute of Castelo Branco, Castelo Branco, Portugal
| | - Rui Paulo
- Department of Sport and Wellbeing, Polytechnic Institute of Castelo Branco, Castelo Branco, Portugal -
- Sport, Health and Exercise Research Unit (SHERU), Castelo Branco, Portugal
- Research in Education and Community Intervention (RECI), Almada, Portugal
| | - André Ramalho
- Department of Sport and Wellbeing, Polytechnic Institute of Castelo Branco, Castelo Branco, Portugal
- Sport, Health and Exercise Research Unit (SHERU), Castelo Branco, Portugal
| | - Pedro Duarte-Mendes
- Department of Sport and Wellbeing, Polytechnic Institute of Castelo Branco, Castelo Branco, Portugal
- Sport, Health and Exercise Research Unit (SHERU), Castelo Branco, Portugal
- Research in Education and Community Intervention (RECI), Almada, Portugal
| | - João Petrica
- Department of Sport and Wellbeing, Polytechnic Institute of Castelo Branco, Castelo Branco, Portugal
- Sport, Health and Exercise Research Unit (SHERU), Castelo Branco, Portugal
| | - João Serrano
- Department of Sport and Wellbeing, Polytechnic Institute of Castelo Branco, Castelo Branco, Portugal
- Sport, Health and Exercise Research Unit (SHERU), Castelo Branco, Portugal
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225
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Chen YT, Lin TJ, Hung CY. Blood RNA-sequencing analysis in acrylamide-induced neurotoxicity and depressive symptoms in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2024; 39:2316-2325. [PMID: 38152866 DOI: 10.1002/tox.24112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Acrylamide (ACR) is a by-product of the Maillard reaction, which occurs when food reacts at high temperatures. Occupational exposure is a risk factor for chronic ACR toxicity. ACR may cause neurotoxicity and depressive symptoms with high concentration in the blood; however, the underlying mechanism remains unknown. We showed the rats developed neurotoxic symptoms after being fed with ACR for 28 days, such as reduced activity and hind limb muscle weakness. We investigated whether ACR exposure causes gene expression differences by blood RNA sequencing and analyzed the differential expression of depressive symptoms-associated genes. The result indicated that IFN-γ the key regulator of neurotoxicity and depressive symptoms was induced by ACR. ACR induced the ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis pathway and JAK/STAT pathways gene expression. ACR upregulated the expression of IFN-γ, inducing neuroinflammation and neurotoxicity. ACR also upregulated the expression of JAK2, STAT1, PI3K, AKT, IκBα, UBE2D4, NF-κB, TNF-α, and iNOS in rat brain tissues and Neuro-2a cells. Thus, IFN-γ induction by ACR may induce depressive symptoms, and the ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis pathway and JAK/STAT pathways may involve in ACR neurotoxicity and depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yng-Tay Chen
- Graduate Institute of Food Safety, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Jung Lin
- Graduate Institute of Food Safety, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yu Hung
- Graduate Institute of Food Safety, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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226
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Papassotiriou I, Riza E, Benetou V, Orfanos P. Mediterranean diet and a health behavior index in relation to cardiovascular biomarkers: Data from the Health and Retirement Study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2024; 34:925-934. [PMID: 38355386 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2024.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Although lifestyle factors have been repeatedly examined for their role on cardiovascular diseases, their composite effect has not been frequently explored. We aimed to investigate the relation of dietary patterns (DPs) and a health behavior index (HBI) with cardiovascular biomarkers. METHODS AND RESULTS A cross-sectional analysis with data from 3461 US residents, participants in the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), was performed. Nutritional data were obtained with a food frequency questionnaire, while adherence to Mediterranean Diet (MD) was determined by the Mediterranean Diet Score. A posteriori DPs were estimated using principal component analysis and the HBI was constructed combining adherence to MD, smoking status, physical activity levels, alcohol consumption and body mass index. Multiple linear regression models were performed to examine the relation between DPs or HBI and levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C), cystatin C (Cys C), total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein (HDL) and TC:HDL in blood. Multiple linear regression showed that the "healthy" DP and the MD had a significant negative association with CRP and Cys C (p < 0.05), while the "Western-type" DP had a significant positive association with TC:HDL ratio, CRP and Cys C. Moreover, the HBI was positively associated with HDL (p < 0.05) and negatively associated with TC:HDL ratio, CRP and Cys C (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Adherence to MD and to a healthy dietary pattern was negatively associated with biomarkers of inflammation, while the HBI was associated with a better cardiometabolic profile, assessed with blood biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ionas Papassotiriou
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
| | - Elena Riza
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Benetou
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Philippos Orfanos
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Brusić J, Grubešić A, Jarić F, Vučković T, Lekić A, Šustić A, Protić A. Use of CPAP Ventilation in Non-ICU Wards May Influence Outcomes in Patients with Severe Respiratory COVID-19. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:582. [PMID: 38674228 PMCID: PMC11052437 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60040582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The COVID-19 disease has significantly burdened the healthcare system, including all units of severe patient treatment. Non-intensive care units were established to rationalize the capacity within the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and to create a unit where patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) could be treated with non-invasive Continuous Positive Air Pressure (CPAP) outside the ICU. This unicentric retrospective study aimed to assess the efficacy of NIV Treatment in Patients of the fourth pandemic wave and how its application affects the frequency and mortality of ICU-treated patients at University Hospital Rijeka compared to earlier waves of the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, the study showcases the effect of the Patient/Nurse ratio (P/N ratio) on overall mortality in the ICU. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on two groups of patients with respiratory insufficiency in the second and third pandemic waves, treated in the COVID Respiratory Centre (CRC) (153 patients). We also reviewed a cohort of patients from the fourth pandemic wave who were initially hospitalized in a COVID-6 non-intensive unit from 1 October 2021 to 1 November 2022 (102 patients), and some of them escalated to CRC. Results: The introduction of the CPAP non-invasive ventilation method as a means of hypoxic respiratory failure treatment in non-intensive care units has decreased the strain, overall number of admissions, and CRC patient mortality. The overall fourth wave mortality was 29.4%, compared to the 58.2% overall mortality of the second and third waves. Conclusions: As a result, this has decreased CRC patient admissions and, by itself, overall mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josip Brusić
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Treatment, Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, Krešimirova 42, 51 000 Rijeka, Croatia; (J.B.); (A.P.)
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Studies, University of Rijeka, Viktora Cara Emina 5, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Aron Grubešić
- Department of Hematology, Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, Krešimirova 42, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Filip Jarić
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (F.J.); (T.V.)
| | - Tin Vučković
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (F.J.); (T.V.)
| | - Andrica Lekić
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health Studies, University of Rijeka, Viktora Cara Emina 5, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia;
| | - Alan Šustić
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Treatment, Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, Krešimirova 42, 51 000 Rijeka, Croatia; (J.B.); (A.P.)
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Studies, University of Rijeka, Viktora Cara Emina 5, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Reanimatology, Emergency and Intensive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Tome Strižića 3, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Alen Protić
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Treatment, Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, Krešimirova 42, 51 000 Rijeka, Croatia; (J.B.); (A.P.)
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Studies, University of Rijeka, Viktora Cara Emina 5, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Reanimatology, Emergency and Intensive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Tome Strižića 3, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
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Rey-García J, Mérida DM, Donat-Vargas C, Sandoval-Insausti H, Rodríguez-Ayala M, Banegas JR, Rodríguez-Artalejo F, Guallar-Castillón P. Less Favorable Nutri-Score Consumption Ratings Are Prospectively Associated with Abdominal Obesity in Older Adults. Nutrients 2024; 16:1020. [PMID: 38613053 PMCID: PMC11013145 DOI: 10.3390/nu16071020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Nutri-Score is a front-of-package (FOP) labeling designed to assist consumers in selecting healthier options at the point of purchase and ultimately enhance their health. This study aims to evaluate the association between the Nutri-Score system and incident abdominal obesity (AO) in community-dwelling older adults. A prospective cohort of 628 individuals aged ≥ 60 were recruited in Spain between 2008-2010 and were reexamined between 2015-2017. Dietary intake was evaluated utilizing a validated computerized dietary history. Food was categorized based on the Nutri-Score system into five levels from A (green, representing the best quality) to E (red, representing the poorest quality). A five-color Nutri-Score dietary index (5-CNS DI) in g/day/kg was calculated for each participant. AO was determined by a waist circumference (WC) of ≥102 cm for men and ≥88 cm for women. Logistic regression models were adjusted for the main potential confounders. During a mean six-year follow-up, 184 incident cases of AO occurred. The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for AO, when comparing the highest and lowest quartiles of the 5-CNS DI, were 2.45 (1.17-5.14), with a p-value for trend of 0.035. In sensitivity analyses, the OR was 2.59 (1.22-5.52, p-trend: 0.032) after adjustment for WC at baseline, and 1.75 (0.74-4.18, p-trend: 0.316) after adjustment for ultra-processed food consumption. In conclusion, less favorable food-consumption ratings in the Nutri-Score are associated with incident AO in the elderly. These findings support the use of this FOP system to potentially improve metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimena Rey-García
- Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, 28034 Madrid, Spain;
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (D.M.M.); (M.R.-A.); (J.R.B.); (F.R.-A.)
| | - Diana María Mérida
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (D.M.M.); (M.R.-A.); (J.R.B.); (F.R.-A.)
| | - Carolina Donat-Vargas
- ISGlobal-Institut de Salut Global de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
- Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Montserrat Rodríguez-Ayala
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (D.M.M.); (M.R.-A.); (J.R.B.); (F.R.-A.)
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Ramón Banegas
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (D.M.M.); (M.R.-A.); (J.R.B.); (F.R.-A.)
- CIBERESP (CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (D.M.M.); (M.R.-A.); (J.R.B.); (F.R.-A.)
- CIBERESP (CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- IMDEA-Food Institute, Campus de Excelencia Internacional (CEI)/Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM) + Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Guallar-Castillón
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (D.M.M.); (M.R.-A.); (J.R.B.); (F.R.-A.)
- CIBERESP (CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- IMDEA-Food Institute, Campus de Excelencia Internacional (CEI)/Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM) + Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain
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Shi X, Deng G, Wen H, Lin A, Wang H, Zhu L, Mou W, Liu Z, Li X, Zhang J, Cheng Q, Luo P. Role of body mass index and weight change in the risk of cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 66 cohort studies. J Glob Health 2024; 14:04067. [PMID: 38547495 PMCID: PMC10978059 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.14.04067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background This study was designed to evaluate the effects of body mass index (BMI) and weight change on the risk of developing cancer overall and cancer at different sites. Methods We searched PubMed and other databases up to July 2023 using the keywords related to 'risk', 'cancer', 'weight', 'overweight', and 'obesity'. We identified eligible studies, and the inclusion criteria encompassed cohort studies in English that focused on cancer diagnosis and included BMI or weight change as an exposure factor. Multiple authors performed data extraction and quality assessment, and statistical analyses were carried out using RevMan and R software. We used random- or fixed-effects models to calculate the pooled relative risk (RR) or hazard ratio along with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). We used the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale to assess study quality. Results Analysis included 66 cohort studies. Compared to underweight or normal weight, overweight or obesity was associated with an increased risk of endometrial cancer, kidney cancer, and liver cancer but a decreased risk of prostate cancer and lung cancer. Being underweight was associated with an increased risk of gastric cancer and lung cancer but not that of postmenopausal breast cancer or female reproductive cancer. In addition, weight loss of more than five kg was protective against overall cancer risk. Conclusions Overweight and obesity increase the risk of most cancers, and weight loss of >5 kg reduces overall cancer risk. These findings provide insights for cancer prevention and help to elucidate the mechanisms underlying cancer development. Registration Reviewregistry1786.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoye Shi
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Gengwen Deng
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Haiteng Wen
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Anqi Lin
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Haitao Wang
- Thoracic Surgery Branch, Centre for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Lingxuan Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Aetiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Centre, National Clinical Research Centre for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Changping Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Weiming Mou
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zaoqu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Centre, National Centre for Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Pathophysiology, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohua Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Sixth People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Quan Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Centre for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, China
| | - Peng Luo
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Kostecki MX, Chan YL, Honda JR. Shower dehumidification to reduce nontuberculous mycobacteria aerosolization. BMC Res Notes 2024; 17:91. [PMID: 38549125 PMCID: PMC10976743 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-024-06751-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are environmentally acquired opportunistic pathogens that can cause recalcitrant lung disease. Prior reports have demonstrated links between shower use and infections, yet the aerosolization of NTM from showerheads, as well as the humidity levels that may modulate NTM aerosolization from showerheads is less studied. The objective of the current study was to investigate the role of humidity in NTM aerosolization among showers in homes located in a geographic area with high lung disease incidence, Hawai'i, and test whether deployment of a dehumidifier in well-ventilated bathrooms reduce NTM exposure. RESULTS Across two sampling events and five showers, existing NTM showerhead biofilms along with shower air were sampled at three points: pre-shower, post-shower, and post-dehumidification. In each of the sampling events, respiratory relevant NTM species were identified from shower biofilms, which were also detected in aerosolized shower air after showering events, but not after the shower was dehumidified and bathrooms vented. While sample size was small, these data suggest running a shower is a possible source of NTM aerosolization and using a commercial household dehumidifier in conjunction with opening bathroom doors and windows may be simple, cost-effective interventions to reduce environmental NTM exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yvonne L Chan
- 'Iolani School, 563 Kamoku St, 96826, Honolulu, Hawai'i, USA
| | - Jennifer R Honda
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, 11937 US Hwy 271 BMR Building, 75708, Tyler, TX, USA.
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Esmat E, Haidary AM, Saadaat R, Rizvi SN, Aleena S, Haidari M, Hofiani SMS, Hussaini N, Hakimi A, Khairy A, Abdul-Ghafar J. Association of hormone receptors and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2/neu expressions with clinicopathologic factors of breast carcinoma: a cross-sectional study in a tertiary care hospital, Kabul, Afghanistan. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:388. [PMID: 38539179 PMCID: PMC10967195 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12129-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer (BC) is one of the major causes of death worldwide. It is the most common cause of death before the age of 70 years. The incidence and mortality of BC are rapidly increasing, posing great challenges to the health system and economy of every nation. METHODOLOGY A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted at the Department of Pathology and Clinical Laboratory of the French Medical Institute for Mothers and Children (FMIC) to demonstrate the association of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (Her2/Neu) and estrogen receptor (ER)/ progesterone receptor (PR) with clinical as well as pathological parameters among women with BC. A consecutive nonprobability sampling method was used for this study over a span of one and a half years. RESULTS One hundred twenty participants diagnosed with breast cancer were included in the study. The mean age at diagnosis was 44.58 ± 11.16 years. Out of the total patients, 68 (56.7%) were above 40 years old, 108 (90%) were married, 94 (78.3%) were multiparous, and 88 (73.3%) had a history of breastfeeding. 33.3% of cases were within the age range of menopause (40-50 years). The positive expression rates of ER, PR, and Her2/neu were found to be 48.8%, 44.6%, and 44.6%, respectively, and Her2/neu overexpression was found to be higher among ER/PR-negative cases. CONCLUSION In our study, we demonstrated that among Afghan women, grade II invasive ductal carcinoma, not otherwise specified, was the most common type of BC and frequently affected women above the age of 40. We also revealed that the percentage of negative ER (50.4%), negative PR (54.4%), and concordant ER/PR-negative cases were high compared to other possibilities. Additionally, the study revealed that expression of Her2/neu was in contrast with the expression of ER and PR receptors. The findings of our study still support the importance of performing immunohistochemical stains for hormonal receptor classification in terms of better clinical outcomes and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmatullah Esmat
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Laboratory, French Medical Institute for Mother and Children (FMIC), Kabul, Afghanistan
| | - Ahmed Maseh Haidary
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Laboratory, French Medical Institute for Mother and Children (FMIC), Kabul, Afghanistan
| | - Ramin Saadaat
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Laboratory, French Medical Institute for Mother and Children (FMIC), Kabul, Afghanistan
| | - Syeda Naghma Rizvi
- Aga Khan University School of Nursing and Midwifery (AKU-SoNaM), Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Syeda Aleena
- Aga Khan University School of Nursing and Midwifery (AKU-SoNaM), Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Mujtaba Haidari
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Laboratory, French Medical Institute for Mother and Children (FMIC), Kabul, Afghanistan
| | - Sayed Murtaza Sadat Hofiani
- Department of Academic and Research, Postgraduate Medical Education (PGME), French Medical Institute for Mothers and Children (FMIC), Kabul, Afghanistan
| | - Nasrin Hussaini
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Laboratory, French Medical Institute for Mother and Children (FMIC), Kabul, Afghanistan
| | - Ahmadullah Hakimi
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Laboratory, French Medical Institute for Mother and Children (FMIC), Kabul, Afghanistan
| | - Abdullatif Khairy
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Laboratory, French Medical Institute for Mother and Children (FMIC), Kabul, Afghanistan
| | - Jamshid Abdul-Ghafar
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Laboratory, French Medical Institute for Mother and Children (FMIC), Kabul, Afghanistan.
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Renaud D, Höller A, Michel M. Potential Drug-Nutrient Interactions of 45 Vitamins, Minerals, Trace Elements, and Associated Dietary Compounds with Acetylsalicylic Acid and Warfarin-A Review of the Literature. Nutrients 2024; 16:950. [PMID: 38612984 PMCID: PMC11013948 DOI: 10.3390/nu16070950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
In cardiology, acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and warfarin are among the most commonly used prophylactic therapies against thromboembolic events. Drug-drug interactions are generally well-known. Less known are the drug-nutrient interactions (DNIs), impeding drug absorption and altering micronutritional status. ASA and warfarin might influence the micronutritional status of patients through different mechanisms such as binding or modification of binding properties of ligands, absorption, transport, cellular use or concentration, or excretion. Our article reviews the drug-nutrient interactions that alter micronutritional status. Some of these mechanisms could be investigated with the aim to potentiate the drug effects. DNIs are seen occasionally in ASA and warfarin and could be managed through simple strategies such as risk stratification of DNIs on an individual patient basis; micronutritional status assessment as part of the medical history; extensive use of the drug-interaction probability scale to reference little-known interactions, and application of a personal, predictive, and preventive medical model using omics.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Renaud
- DIU MAPS, Fundamental and Biomedical Sciences, Paris-Cité University, 75006 Paris, France
- DIU MAPS, Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad Europea Miguel de Cervantes, 47012 Valladolid, Spain
- Fundacja Recover, 05-124 Skrzeszew, Poland
| | - Alexander Höller
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University Hospital Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Miriam Michel
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, Division of Pediatrics III—Cardiology, Pulmonology, Allergology and Cystic Fibrosis, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Filakovska Bobakova D, Dankulincova Veselska Z. Early Childhood in Marginalized Roma Communities: Health Risks and Health Outcomes. Int J Public Health 2024; 69:1606784. [PMID: 38586473 PMCID: PMC10995347 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2024.1606784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aims to compare selected early childhood health risks and health outcomes of children from marginalized Roma communities (MRCs) in Slovakia with those of the majority. Methods We obtained cross-sectional data from mother-child dyads from the majority (N = 109) and MRCs (N = 143) via questionnaires and from medical records. Socioeconomic status, health risks and health outcomes were compared using chi-square and Mann-Whitney U tests in SPSS. Results Mothers from MRCs reported significantly worse socioeconomic status. Air quality in the households in MRCs was significantly worse, affected by heating with stoves, burning fresh wood and indoor smoking. The diet composition of children from MRCs was characterized by shorter breastfeeding and unhealthy diet composition less fresh fruits and vegetables, more processed meat products, and sweet and salty snacks. Children from MRCs more often suffered from respiratory and diarrheal diseases, used antibiotics and were hospitalized. Conclusion The health and healthy development of children living in MRCs is endangered by various poverty-related factors. Persistent differences in exposures and health in early childhood should be a priority goal of the state's social and health policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Filakovska Bobakova
- Department of Health Psychology and Research Methodology, Faculty of Medicine, P. J. Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia
- Olomouc University Social Health Institute, Palacky University in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Dankulincova Veselska
- Department of Health Psychology and Research Methodology, Faculty of Medicine, P. J. Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia
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Peris-Ramos HC, Míguez MC, Rodriguez-Besteiro S, David-Fernandez S, Clemente-Suárez VJ. Gender-Based Differences in Psychological, Nutritional, Physical Activity, and Oral Health Factors Associated with Stress in Teachers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:385. [PMID: 38673298 PMCID: PMC11050169 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21040385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze gender differences in stress-related factors among active teachers. A cross-sectional study was conducted to examine gender disparities in psychological, nutritional, physical activity, and oral health factors and how these habits correlate with stress and burnout in their work environment. The sample comprised 1037 teachers from Spain, Colombia, and Chile, consisting of 40.1% men and 59.9% women, with an average age of 41 years and teaching experience of 11.8 ± 9.2 and 12.2 ± 8.7 years, respectively. They were evaluated using a compilation of questionnaires with the objective of analyzing gender differences in habits that are associated with stress levels in teachers. The findings revealed that men had significantly higher levels of depersonalization and personal accomplishment, whereas women exhibited higher levels of perceived stress and conscientiousness. Regarding nutritional habits, results were more positive for women, and men exhibited healthier functional habits by engaging in more weekly sports. Regarding oral health habits, women had better oral hygiene practices, brushing their teeth more frequently. However, women showed a higher tendency to smoke than their male counterparts. We conclude that there are notable gender differences that can provide insights for developing strategies to enhance the overall well-being of teachers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helia Carmen Peris-Ramos
- Clinical Odontology Department, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Tajo Street, s/n, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (H.C.P.-R.); (S.D.-F.)
| | - María Carreira Míguez
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Tajo Street, s/n, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (M.C.M.); (S.R.-B.)
| | - Stephanie Rodriguez-Besteiro
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Tajo Street, s/n, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (M.C.M.); (S.R.-B.)
| | - Susana David-Fernandez
- Clinical Odontology Department, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Tajo Street, s/n, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (H.C.P.-R.); (S.D.-F.)
| | - Vicente Javier Clemente-Suárez
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Tajo Street, s/n, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (M.C.M.); (S.R.-B.)
- Grupo de Investigación en Cultura, Educación y Sociedad, Universidad de la Costa, Barranquilla 080002, Colombia
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Méndez-Millán JA, León-López M, Martín-González J, Saúco-Márquez JJ, Cabanillas-Balsera D, Segura-Egea JJ. Antibiotic Over-Prescription by Dentists in the Treatment of Apical Periodontitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:289. [PMID: 38666965 PMCID: PMC11047734 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13040289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
After pulp infection and necrosis, the passage of microbial antigens into the periapical space causes apical periodontitis (AP). Most of the clinical forms of AP can be managed without prescribing antibiotics, only with root canal treatment and abscess drainage or, where appropriate, tooth extraction. However, the scientific literature provides evidence of inappropriate antibiotic prescriptions by dentists in the management of apical disease. OBJECTIVES The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to analyze the global pattern of antibiotic prescription in the treatment of apical disease. METHODS PRISMA Guidelines were followed to carry out this systematic review. The research question was as follows: What is the pattern of antibiotic prescription by dentists in the treatment of the different clinical forms of apical periodontitis? A systematic search was conducted on MEDLINE/PubMed, Wiley Online Database, Web of Science and Scopus. All studies reporting data about the pattern of antibiotic prescription by dentists in the treatment of apical disease were included. The meta-analyses were calculated using the Open Meta Analyst version 10.10 software. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed. The risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. The certainty of evidence was assessed using GRADE. RESULTS The search strategy identified 96 articles and thirty-nine cross-sectional studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The overall percentage of antibiotic prescriptions by dentists in cases of symptomatic AP was 25.8%, and 31.5% in cases of asymptomatic AP with sinus tract present. The percentage of dentists prescribing antibiotics in cases of acute apical abscess with no/mild symptoms was 47.7%, whereas, in cases of acute apical abscess with moderate/severe symptoms, 88.8% of dentists would prescribe antibiotics. Endodontists prescribe antibiotics at a lower rate than general practitioners. The total risk of bias was considered moderate, and the final rating for the certainty of the evidence was low. CONCLUSIONS Dentists worldwide are over-prescribing antibiotics in the management of apical disease. It is necessary to improve antibiotic prescribing habits in the treatment of endodontic infections, as well as educational initiatives to encourage the rational and appropriate prescription of antibiotics in periapical diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Daniel Cabanillas-Balsera
- Department of Stomatology (Endodontic Section), School of Dentistry, University of Sevilla, C/Avicena s/n, 41009 Sevilla, Spain; (J.A.M.-M.); (M.L.-L.); (J.M.-G.); (J.J.S.-M.)
| | - Juan J. Segura-Egea
- Department of Stomatology (Endodontic Section), School of Dentistry, University of Sevilla, C/Avicena s/n, 41009 Sevilla, Spain; (J.A.M.-M.); (M.L.-L.); (J.M.-G.); (J.J.S.-M.)
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Sinishaw KM, Sebsbie G, Kebede MA. Predictors of recovery time from severe community-acquired pneumonia among paediatrics patients in selected hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: an institution-based retrospective cohort study. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e078721. [PMID: 38514151 PMCID: PMC10961574 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-078721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Severe community-acquired pneumonia (SCAP) is a significant cause of morbidity worldwide and a major cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries. Ethiopia ranks 6th out of 15 countries with the highest mortality rate due to pneumonia in children under 5 years of age. The aim of this study was to determine the recovery time from SCAP and factors in paediatric patients in selected hospitals in Addis Ababa. DESIGN, PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING A retrospective cohort study was conducted among 407 randomly selected paediatric patients admitted with SCAP in Addis Ababa public hospitals from 1 January 2018 to 31 December 2020. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOMES Recovery time and recovery rate from SCAP were estimated using Kaplan-Meier and simple frequency statistics, respectively, and the adjusted HR with a 95% CI was used to identify associated factors for recovery. RESULTS 91.5% (95% CI: 88.3% to 94.1%) of children recovered from SCAP with an overall recovery rate of 11.5 (95% CI: 10.37 to 12.76) per 100 person-day observation, and the median recovery time was 6 days. In the multivariable analysis, older age and the absence of comorbidities were protective factors for early recovery, while stunting and late utilisation of medical care were risk factors. CONCLUSION The median recovery time after SCAP was very long compared with the optimal recovery time of 3 days given in the British Thoracic Society guidelines. Older age and absence of comorbidities were found to shorten recovery time, whereas stunting and late initiation of treatment delayed recovery. Therefore, measures that increase the recovery rate and shorten the recovery time, such as primary prevention to eliminate malnutrition and increase the utilisation of medical care in the community, should be strengthened, and health workers should focus on the early detection and treatment of comorbid diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Girum Sebsbie
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
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Pitoňák M, Potočár L, Formánek T. Mental health and help-seeking in Czech sexual minorities: a nationally representative cross-sectional study. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci 2024; 33:e16. [PMID: 38511544 PMCID: PMC11022263 DOI: 10.1017/s2045796024000210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS The mental health of sexual minority (SM) individuals remains overlooked and understudied in Czechia. We aimed to estimate (1) the prevalence rate and (2) the relative risk of common mental disorders and (3) the mental distress severity among the Czech SM people compared with the heterosexual population. In addition, we aimed to investigate help-seeking for mental disorders in SM people. METHODS We used data from a cross-sectional, nationally representative survey of Czech community-dwelling adults, consisting of 3063 respondents (response rate = 58.62%). We used the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview to assess the presence of mental disorders. In individuals scoring positively, we established help-seeking in the past 12 months. We assessed symptom severity using the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire and the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale. We computed the prevalence of mental disorders and the treatment gap with 95% confidence intervals. To assess the risk of having a mental disorder, we used binary logistic regression. RESULTS We demonstrated that the prevalence of current mental disorders was 18.85% (17.43-20.28), 52.27% (36.91-67.63), 33.33% (19.5-47.17) and 25.93% (13.85-38) in heterosexual, gay or lesbian, bisexual and more sexually diverse individuals, respectively. Suicidal thoughts and behaviours were present in 5.73% (4.88-6.57), 25.00% (11.68-38.32), 22.92% (10.58-35.25) and 11.11% (2.45-19.77) of heterosexual, gay or lesbian, bisexual and more sexually diverse individuals, respectively. After confounder adjustment, gay or lesbian individuals were more likely to have at least one current mental disorder compared with heterosexual counterparts (odds ratio = 3.51; 1.83-6.76). For bisexual and sexually more diverse individuals, the results were consistent with a null effect (1.85; 0.96-3.45 and 0.89; 0.42-1.73). The mean depression symptom severity was 2.96 (2.81-3.11) in heterosexual people and 4.68 (2.95-6.42), 7.12 (5.07-9.18) and 5.17 (3.38-6.95) in gay or lesbian, bisexual and more sexually diverse individuals, respectively. The mean anxiety symptom severity was 1.97 (1.85-2.08) in heterosexual people and 3.5 (1.98-5.02), 4.63 (3.05-6.2) and 3.7 (2.29-5.11) in gay or lesbian, bisexual and more sexually diverse individuals, respectively. We demonstrated broadly consistent levels of treatment gap in heterosexual and SM individuals scoring positively for at least one current mental disorder (82.91%; 79.5-85.96 vs. 81.13%; 68.03-90.56). CONCLUSIONS We provide evidence that SM people in Czechia have substantially worse mental health outcomes than their heterosexual counterparts. Systemic changes are imperative to provide not only better and more sensitive care to SM individuals but also to address structural stigma contributing to these health disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Pitoňák
- Department of Public Mental Health, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia
| | - Libor Potočár
- Department of Public Mental Health, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia
- PROMENTA Research Center, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tomáš Formánek
- Department of Public Mental Health, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Färber A, Schwabe C, Stalder PH, Dolata M, Schwabe G. Physicians' and Patients' Expectations From Digital Agents for Consultations: Interview Study Among Physicians and Patients. JMIR Hum Factors 2024; 11:e49647. [PMID: 38498022 PMCID: PMC10985611 DOI: 10.2196/49647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physicians are currently overwhelmed by administrative tasks and spend very little time in consultations with patients, which hampers health literacy, shared decision-making, and treatment adherence. OBJECTIVE This study aims to examine whether digital agents constructed using fast-evolving generative artificial intelligence, such as ChatGPT, have the potential to improve consultations, adherence to treatment, and health literacy. We interviewed patients and physicians to obtain their opinions about 3 digital agents-a silent digital expert, a communicative digital expert, and a digital companion (DC). METHODS We conducted in-depth interviews with 25 patients and 22 physicians from a purposeful sample, with the patients having a wide age range and coming from different educational backgrounds and the physicians having different medical specialties. Transcripts of the interviews were deductively coded using MAXQDA (VERBI Software GmbH) and then summarized according to code and interview before being clustered for interpretation. RESULTS Statements from patients and physicians were categorized according to three consultation phases: (1) silent and communicative digital experts that are part of the consultation, (2) digital experts that hand over to a DC, and (3) DCs that support patients in the period between consultations. Overall, patients and physicians were open to these forms of digital support but had reservations about all 3 agents. CONCLUSIONS Ultimately, we derived 9 requirements for designing digital agents to support consultations, treatment adherence, and health literacy based on the literature and our qualitative findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andri Färber
- ZHAW School of Management and Law, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Winterthur, Switzerland
- Department of Informatics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Philipp H Stalder
- ZHAW School of Management and Law, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Winterthur, Switzerland
| | - Mateusz Dolata
- Department of Informatics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Schwabe
- Department of Informatics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Joel EO, Akinlabi OC, Olaposi AV, Olowomofe TO, Adekanmbi AO. High carriage of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes by ESBL-producing and fluoroquinolone-resistant Escherichia coli recovered from animal waste dumps. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:424. [PMID: 38491992 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09228-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There has been a rise in the consumption of fluoroquinolones in human and veterinary medicine recently. This has contributed to the rising incidence of quinolone resistance in bacteria. This study aimed at the determination of the antibiotic resistance profile of ESBL-producing and fluoroquinolone-resistant E. coli (FQEC) isolated from animal waste obtained from the waste dumps of an agricultural farm and their carriage of genes encoding PMQR. METHODS AND RESULTS Isolation of ESBL-producing E. coli from animal waste samples was done on CHROMagar ESBL, while presumptive isolates were purified, and identified via the detection of uidA gene. Susceptibility to a panel of ten antibiotics was done using the disc diffusion method, and detection of PMQR genes (qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, aac(6')-lb-cr, qepA and oqxAB) was done using monoplex and duplex PCR. Twenty-five ESBL-producing and FQEC were obtained from the cattle (6), piggery (7) and poultry (12) waste dumps of the farm. There was 100% resistance to cefpodoxime, cefotaxime, enrofloxacin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and penicillin by the isolates. The resistance to the other antibiotics was streptomycin (48%), ceftazidime (24%), while no isolate resisted amoxicillin-clavulanate and imipenem. The frequencies of PMQR genes detected were; qnrA (96%), oqxAB (96%), qnrB (92%), while qnrS was detected in 88% (22) of the isolates. Aminoglycoside acetyltransferase (aac(6')-lb-cr) and quinolone efflux pump (qepA) were each detected in 20 (80%) of the isolates. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that animal wastes disposed indiscriminately into dumps could be a budding 'hotspot' for multidrug resistant, ESBL-producing and fluoroquinolone-resistant E. coli carrying multiple genes encoding resistance to fluoroquinolone antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Omokoshi Joel
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Olabisi Comfort Akinlabi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
| | - Adedolapo Victoria Olaposi
- Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | | | - Abimbola Olumide Adekanmbi
- Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
- Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
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Wu TY, Lin KY, Su LH, Sun HY, Huang YS, Liu WD, Liu WC, Chang LH, Chang SY, Hung CC. Sexually transmitted coinfections among at-risk HIV-positive MSM: implications for optimal preemptive treatment. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1328589. [PMID: 38560383 PMCID: PMC10978595 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1328589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Concurrent sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are common in sexually active populations. We aimed to estimate the prevalence and coinfection rates of bacterial STIs among sexually active, HIV-positive men who have sex with men (MSM), and to assess the potential benefits of different combination treatment regimens in managing concurrent bacterial STIs. Methods From September 2021 to September 2023, HIV-positive MSM underwent STI testing when they had symptoms suggestive of STIs or recently acquired hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection or early syphilis. The oral rinse, rectal swab, and urethral swab specimens were tested for Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Mycoplasma spp., Ureaplasma spp., and Trichomonas vaginalis with the use of multiplex real-time polymerase-chain-reaction assays. The estimated coinfection rates were used to evaluate the benefits of different combination treatment regimens for managing coinfections. Results During the study period, 535 participants (median age, 37 years; and CD4 count, 615 cells/mm3) were enrolled. On their first visits, at least one bacterial pathogen was detected in 57.9% and concomitant bacterial infections were found in 32.9% of the participants. The most commonly identified pathogen was U. urealyticum (36.3%), followed by C. trachomatis (22.8%), and N. gonorrhoeae (19.8%). The factors associated with any bacterial STIs included older age (per 1-year increase, adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 0.97; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.95-1.00), early syphilis (AOR, 1.87; 95% CI, 1.22-2.84), and having more than 5 sex partners in the preceding 3 months (AOR, 2.08, 95% CI, 1.07-4.06). A combination therapy of benzathine penicillin G with a 7-day course of doxycycline could simultaneously treat 27.1% of C. trachomatis coinfections in participants with early syphilis, while a combination therapy of ceftriaxone with doxycycline could simultaneously treat 40.6% of chlamydial coinfections in participants with gonorrhea. Conclusion Bacterial STIs were prevalent and concomitant infections were not uncommon among sexually active, HIV-positive MSM, supporting regular screening for bacterial STIs. The effectiveness of preemptive use of doxycycline as combination therapy for concurrent STIs warrants more investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzong-Yow Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch, Yunlin, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Yin Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Hsin Su
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yun Sun
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shan Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wang-Da Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chun Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lan-Hsin Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sui-Yuan Chang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ching Hung
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch, Yunlin, Taiwan
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
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Simkute E, Pautienius A, Grigas J, Sidorenko M, Radzijevskaja J, Paulauskas A, Stankevicius A. The Prevalence of Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus in Wild Rodents Captured in Tick-Borne Encephalitis Foci in Highly Endemic Lithuania. Viruses 2024; 16:444. [PMID: 38543809 PMCID: PMC10974453 DOI: 10.3390/v16030444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Wild rodents are considered to be one of the most important TBEV-amplifying reservoir hosts; therefore, they may be suitable for foci detection studies. To investigate the effectiveness of viral RNA detection in wild rodents for suspected TBEV foci confirmation, we trapped small rodents (n = 139) in various locations in Lithuania where TBEV was previously detected in questing ticks. Murine neuroblastoma Neuro-2a cells were inoculated with each rodent sample to maximize the chances of detecting viral RNA in rodent samples. TBEV RNA was detected in 74.8% (CI 95% 66.7-81.1) of the brain and/or internal organ mix suspensions, and the prevalence rate increased significantly following sample cultivation in Neuro-2a cells. Moreover, a strong correlation (r = 0.88; p < 0.05) was found between the average monthly air temperature of rodent trapping and the TBEV RNA prevalence rate in cell culture isolates of rodent suspensions, which were PCR-negative before cultivation in cell culture. This study shows that wild rodents are suitable sentinel animals to confirm TBEV foci. In addition, the study results demonstrate that sample cultivation in cell culture is a highly efficient method for increasing TBEV viral load to detectable quantities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelina Simkute
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania; (A.P.); (J.G.); (A.S.)
| | - Arnoldas Pautienius
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania; (A.P.); (J.G.); (A.S.)
- Institute of Microbiology and Virology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Juozas Grigas
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania; (A.P.); (J.G.); (A.S.)
- Institute of Microbiology and Virology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Marina Sidorenko
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, K. Donelaicio Str. 58, LT-44248 Kaunas, Lithuania; (M.S.); (J.R.); (A.P.)
| | - Jana Radzijevskaja
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, K. Donelaicio Str. 58, LT-44248 Kaunas, Lithuania; (M.S.); (J.R.); (A.P.)
| | - Algimantas Paulauskas
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, K. Donelaicio Str. 58, LT-44248 Kaunas, Lithuania; (M.S.); (J.R.); (A.P.)
| | - Arunas Stankevicius
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania; (A.P.); (J.G.); (A.S.)
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Zibolenová J, Malobická E, Ulbrichtová R, Novák M, Chladná Z, Waczulíková I, Litvová S, Mikas J, Mečochová A, Hudečková H. Probability of exposure to the wild measles virus in adult population - Estimation from seroepidemiology and historical data. Vaccine 2024; 42:1648-1655. [PMID: 38342718 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Vaccination against measles is one of the most effective public health interventions which has saved millions of lives and interrupted circulation of the natural virus in the population. However, it is widely accepted that the immunity after vaccination can wane, especially in those who have had no contact with the virus. This study aimed to classify the particular birth cohorts of adults with regard to their exposure to the wild measles virus in the population with a long history of mandatory vaccination. We introduced two methods. In the first, we estimated the probability of exposure to the wild virus through an analysis of antibody levels from the Immunologic Survey performed in the Slovak Republic in 2018, while the second was based on historical epidemiological data. Both methods resulted in similar estimations. Cohorts born in Slovakia before 1964 can be considered to be cohorts in which most people were exposed to the wild measles virus. Cohorts born after 1977 can be designated as cohorts that most likely did not come into the contact with the wild virus. Cohorts born between 1965 and 1976 are composed of a mixture, with a decreasing proportion of people exposed to the wild virus with increasing year of birth. The proposed methods can help identify potential immunity gaps in the adult population. They can be applied in other countries with high measles vaccination coverage to estimate the probability of exposure to the wild measles virus in particular birth cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Zibolenová
- Department of Public Health, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Malá Hora 11149/4B, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Eva Malobická
- Department of Public Health, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Malá Hora 11149/4B, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Romana Ulbrichtová
- Department of Public Health, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Malá Hora 11149/4B, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Martin Novák
- Department of Public Health, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Malá Hora 11149/4B, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia.
| | - Zuzana Chladná
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina F1, 842 48 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Iveta Waczulíková
- Department of Nuclear Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina F1, 842 48 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Slávka Litvová
- Faculty of Healthcare, Alexander Dubcek University of Trencin, Trencin, Slovakia
| | - Ján Mikas
- Public Health Authority of the Slovak Republic, Trnavská cesta 52, 826 45 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Adriana Mečochová
- Public Health Authority of the Slovak Republic, Trnavská cesta 52, 826 45 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Henrieta Hudečková
- Department of Public Health, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Malá Hora 11149/4B, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
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Parsons K, Yerxa K, Therrien M, Byrd-Bredbenner C, McNamara J. The influence of diet quality on health-related quality of life in undergraduates. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2024:1-7. [PMID: 38442366 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2024.2319206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Objective: Explore the relationship between fruit and vegetable (FV) intake and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in undergraduates. Participants: Undergraduates (N = 655). Methods: Using the Centers for Disease Control's Healthy Days Core Module and National Cancer Institute's (NCI) FV screener, differences in HRQOL between students who had consumed above the sample's average FV intake and their counterparts were evaluated. Multiple regression analyses assessed behaviors that predicted HRQOL. Results: Differences existed between HRQOL of students who consumed above average FV (M = 2.2 1.3) and peers, F(9,602) = 509, p < 0.001, Wilk's Δ = 0.116, partial n2 = 0.884. Predictors explained 30.0% of the variance in days per month feeling healthy (r2 = 0.29, F(4, 549) = 58.6, p < 0.001): perceived stress (β = 0.46, p < 0.001), body mass index (BMI) (β = 0.11, p < 0.01), FV intake (β = 0.16, p < 0.001), and sleep duration (β = 0.08, p < 0.05). Conclusions: FV intake and modifiable behaviors influenced HRQOL, suggesting that multifaceted interventions could improve HRQOL in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla Parsons
- School of Food and Agriculture, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
| | - Kathryn Yerxa
- School of Food and Agriculture, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
| | - Mona Therrien
- School of Food and Agriculture, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
| | - Carol Byrd-Bredbenner
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Environmental & Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Jade McNamara
- School of Food and Agriculture, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
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244
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Lee H, Going M, Tivnan V, Tollefson M, Comander A, Frates E. Restoring Well-Being for Physicians Through Lifestyle Medicine. Am J Lifestyle Med 2024; 18:260-268. [PMID: 38559786 PMCID: PMC10979729 DOI: 10.1177/15598276231194290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, physician burnout is a more relevant concern than ever. Pre-existing stressors in health care, such as poor work-life balance, perfectionism, and inadequate social support, have been exacerbated by uncertainty, increased risk exposure, and general anxiety. Burnout places not only physicians, but also patients, systems, and communities at risk. The promotion of physician well-being is critical to sustaining the health care system. Actions to reduce burnout and increase well-being can and should occur on multiple levels. Organizations and leaders must take steps to create a culture of support and respect for health care providers. Such steps may include improved time-off policies, destigmatizing the use of mental health services, and reducing administrative burden. Physician well-being may benefit from action on an individual level as well. The pillars of Lifestyle Medicine provide a framework for engaging in behaviors compatible with overall well-being, such as physical activity, social connection, and sleep. Lifestyle Medicine plays a key role in mitigating the impact of physician burnout, and will be essential to the success of the health care system moving forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Lee
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA (HL, AC)
| | - Michelle Going
- Metropolitan State University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA (MG, MT)
| | | | | | - Amy Comander
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA (HL, AC)
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Hatukay AL, Shochat T, Zion N, Baruch H, Cohen R, Azriel Y, Srulovici E. The relationship between quick return shift schedules and burnout among nurses: A prospective repeated measures multi-source study. Int J Nurs Stud 2024; 151:104677. [PMID: 38211364 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2023.104677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In today's world, essential health care services are expected round the clock, leading to distinct shift work requirements. A notable aspect is the "quick return," where the rest interval between nursing shifts is <11 h. Preliminary research suggests a potential association between quick return schedules, diminished sleep quality, and possible nurse burnout. Yet, the motivation of nurses could potentially moderate this relationship. OBJECTIVE To examine a moderated-mediation model, whereby sleep duration and nurse's motivation act together to mediate the link between quick return schedules and nurse's burnout. DESIGN A prospective repeated measures (4-5 nursing shifts per nurse) multi-source (self-report and objective measures) study. SETTING Internal and surgical departments across one large and one medium scale teaching hospitals in Israel. PARTICIPANTS Registered nurses who provide direct patient care (n = 79) across 369 shifts. METHODS Nurses completed a questionnaire containing personal information and information regarding their shifts during the study week. They wore an accelerometer (a wrist worn device that monitors and records an individual's activity level) during a work-week to objectively determine their sleep duration, completed a motivation questionnaire at the beginning of each shift, and completed a burnout questionnaire at the end of the week. Mixed-model regression analysis was used to test a moderated-mediation model following Hayes' recommendations, whereby the joint effect of sleep duration and motivation mediates the link between quick return schedules and burnout. RESULTS The moderated-mediation model was supported. Quick return schedules were negatively statistically significantly associated with sleep duration (b = -126.54, SE = 20.85, p < 0.001); so that more frequent quick return schedules were related to shorter sleep duration. However, no direct correlation was observed between sleep duration and burnout (p = 0.171). A statistically significant interaction was observed between sleep duration and motivation (b = 0.00, SE = 0.00, p < 0.001) concerning burnout. Thus, nurses with lower motivation were prone to experiencing higher levels of burnout with shorter sleep duration compared to nurses with higher motivation. CONCLUSIONS The mediating role of sleep duration, moderated by motivation, plays a role in the connection between quick return schedules and burnout. This indicates that nurses can sustain their work motivation even within the demands of quick return schedules, consequently mitigating burnout levels. To prioritize employees' well-being, organizations should adopt shift work structures that minimize quick return schedules and extend nurses' sleep duration. Consequently, managers must employ strategies to enhance nurses' motivation when addressing scenarios that necessitate quick return schedules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ania Lauz Hatukay
- The Cheryl Spencer Department of Nursing, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel; Baruch Padeh Medical Cener, Lower Galilee, Israel
| | - Tamar Shochat
- The Cheryl Spencer Department of Nursing, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Natalie Zion
- The Dr. Y. Zayda School of Nursing, Bnai Zion Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Hagar Baruch
- Nursing Directorate, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ricky Cohen
- The Cheryl Spencer Department of Nursing, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yarden Azriel
- The Cheryl Spencer Department of Nursing, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel; The Ruth Rappaport Children's Hospital, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Einav Srulovici
- The Cheryl Spencer Department of Nursing, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.
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246
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Kelsall J. COVID-19 vaccine refusal as unfair free-riding. MEDICINE, HEALTH CARE, AND PHILOSOPHY 2024; 27:107-119. [PMID: 38189907 PMCID: PMC10904454 DOI: 10.1007/s11019-023-10188-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Contributions to COVID-19 vaccination programmes promise valuable collective goods. They can support public and individual health by creating herd immunity and taking the pressure off overwhelmed public health services; support freedom of movement by enabling governments to remove restrictive lockdown policies; and improve economic and social well-being by allowing businesses, schools, and other essential public services to re-open. The vaccinated can contribute to the production of these goods. The unvaccinated, who benefit from, but who do not contribute to these goods can be morally criticised as free-riders. In this paper defends the claim that in the case of COVID-19, the unvaccinated are unfair free-riders. I defend the claim against two objections. First, that they are not unfair free-riders because they lack the subjective attitudes and intentions of free-riders; second, that although the unvaccinated may be free-riders, their free-riding is not unfair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Kelsall
- University of Warwick, PAIS Building, Coventry, CV47AL, UK.
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247
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Peñalvo JL. The impact of taxing sugar-sweetened beverages on diabetes: a critical review. Diabetologia 2024; 67:420-429. [PMID: 38177563 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-023-06064-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
The global burden of type 2 diabetes is increasing at an alarming rate, fuelled by the obesity epidemic, with significant associated health and economic consequences and apparent inequalities. Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) are a major source of added sugars in diets worldwide and have been linked to an increased risk of type 2 diabetes through a variety of mechanisms, including excess weight. Taxing SSBs has become a promising public health strategy to reduce consumption and mitigate the burden of type 2 diabetes. A substantial body of evidence suggests that SSB taxes lead to increased prices and subsequent reduced consumption, with a potentially greater effect among lower socioeconomic groups. This highlights the potential for tax policies to have an impact on type 2 diabetes and address health inequalities. Evidence from several ongoing SSB tax schemes, including sales and excise taxes, indicates positive effects on improving consumption patterns, and modelling studies point to health gains by averting type 2 diabetes and other cardiometabolic diseases. In contrast, evidence from empirical evaluation of the impact of SSB tax is scarce. Continued monitoring and the strengthening of evaluation research to develop context-tailored policies are required. In addition, there is a need to implement complementary efforts to amplify the impact of SSB taxation and effectively address the global burden of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- José L Peñalvo
- Global Health Institute, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium.
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248
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Terefe B, Jembere MM, Chekole B, Assimamaw NT, Gebeyehu DA. Frequency of cigarette smoking and its associated factors among men in East Africa: a pooled prevalence analysis of national survey using multinomial regression. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:668. [PMID: 38429672 PMCID: PMC10908029 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18188-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the harmful effects of smoking, there have been few studies to pinpoint the factors of this habit, and little is known about it in the East African region. For this reason, this study sought to determine the frequency and factors of cigarette smoking among men in the region. METHODS Data from recent demographic and health surveys carried out in ten East African countries between 2015 and 2022 were analyzed in this study. Data from 87,022 men was collected. The key factors affecting the smoking rates in the area were investigated using binary and multiple multinomial logistic regression. To ascertain if variables were statistically significant in the final model for binary regression and multiple regression, P values of ≤ 0.2 and < 0.05 were used respectively. RESULTS Overall, about 14.69% of people currently smoke cigarettes. Of this about 11.03 (95% CI = 10.82, 11.24) was for daily active tobacco use. As compared to < 26-year-old men, men with an age range of 26-35 years (RRR = 2.17, 95% CI: 2.01,2.34), 36-45 years (RRR = 2.82, 95% CI: 2.60, 3.07), and > 45 years old (RRR = 3.68, 95% CI: 3.38, 4.02), were using cigarettes daily rather than no-smoking cigarettes. Men who had begun their first sexual intercourse at the age of 7-19 years (RRR = 6.27,95% CI, 5.35,7.35), 20-25 years (RRR = 4.01, 95% CI, 3.40,4.72), and greater than 25 years old (RRR = 3.08, 95% CI, 2.55,3.71) have shown a higher relative risk ratio to smoke cigarette daily rather than using not smoke cigarette respectively, married (RRR = 0.86, 95% CI, 0.79,0.93), divorced or widowed (RRR = 2.51, 95% CI, 2.27,2.77), middle wealth index (RRR = 2.11, 95% CI 1.98,2.24), and rich (RRR = 1.44, 95% CI, 1.34,1.54), secondary/higher education (RRR = 0.72, 05% CI, 0.66,0.77), rural men (RRR = 0.69, 95% CI, 0.65,0.73), employed men (RRR = 1.26,95% CI, 1.17,1.36), mass media exposure (RRR = 0.76, 95% CI, 0.73,0.81), men who have one sex partner (RRR = 1.23,95% CI,1.13,1.35), and more than one sex partner (RRR = 1.63, 95% CI, 1.47,1.79) more times as compared to those participants who had no sex partner respectively. CONCLUSIONS Men in East African nations were substantially more likely to smoke cigarettes if they were older, had less education, had a higher wealth index, were divorced or widowed, had many sexual relationships, had early sexual activity, resided in an urban area, were employed, or had no media exposure. The identified factors should be considered by policymakers and public health professionals to lower smoking initiation and increase smoking cessation among men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bewuketu Terefe
- Department of Community Health Nursing, School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Post Office Box: 196, Ethiopia.
| | - Mahlet Moges Jembere
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Nursing, School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Bogale Chekole
- Department of Comprehensive Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wolkite University, Southern, Ethiopia
| | - Nega Tezera Assimamaw
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Daniel Ayelegne Gebeyehu
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Taylor N, Callinan S, Pennay A, Livingston M. Have the personality and socio-demographic profiles of Australian adolescent drinkers changed? Drug Alcohol Rev 2024; 43:604-615. [PMID: 38111210 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adolescent alcohol consumption has been declining across many countries, with rates of abstinence also increasing among younger cohorts. A range of socio-demographic variables and personality traits are associated with alcohol use; however, no study has examined whether the relationship between personality and drinking has changed over time as adolescent drinking has declined. METHODS Data from 15- to 17-year-old respondents were extracted from four waves (2004/2005, 2008/2009, 2012/2013, 2016/2017) of a long running Australian cohort study. Logistic regression analyses with interaction terms were used to determine whether personality traits (openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness and emotional stability) and socio-demographic variables (age, gender, equivalised income, family structure, cultural background, school attendance and regionality) significantly differed between drinkers and abstainers and whether these relationships changed across cohorts. RESULTS The prevalence of drinking for 15- to 17-year-olds significantly declined over each survey wave from 54% in 2004/2005 to 24% in 2016/2017. Conscientiousness (odds ratio [OR] 0.82, confidence interval [CI] = 0.73, 0.93), extraversion ([OR] 1.25, [CI] = 1.11, 1.40) and emotional stability ([OR] 0.73, [CI] = 0.64, 0.83) were all significant predictors of alcohol consumption. No significant interactions between cohort and personality traits or socio-demographic variables were found. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS The study found no evidence to indicate that the relationship between adolescent alcohol consumption and personality has changed. Similarly, socio-demographic relationships with drinking were stable as drinking prevalence dropped by more than half. This adds to the evidence that drinking declines among adolescents are spread broadly across the population and not concentrated within identifiable sub-groups of young people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Taylor
- National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University, Melbourne, Australia
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Sarah Callinan
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Amy Pennay
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Michael Livingston
- National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University, Melbourne, Australia
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia
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Symvoulakis EK, Stachteas P, Smyrnakis E, Volkos P, Mantadaki AE, Karelis A, Petraki C, Nioti K, Mastronikolis S, Antoniou AM, Linardakis M. Multiple Behavioral Risk Factors As Assets for Chronic Disease Prevention: Observations From Urban Primary Care Settings in Crete, Greece. Cureus 2024; 16:e56711. [PMID: 38646332 PMCID: PMC11032647 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.56711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to assess the health profile of patient-attendees visiting primary healthcare (PHC) practice settings in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic and to explore the relationships between multiple behavioral risk factors (MBRFs) and consultation-driven health information. Multiple behavioral risk factors involve a variety of unhealthy behaviors that are associated with an increased prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). SUBJECTS AND METHODS The study design was based on a dataset analysis, afterward exploring the feasibility and diagnostic capacity of respiratory morbidity aspects from a study previously conducted. The study dataset contained information regarding socio-demographic characteristics, health habits, clinical information, and reported comorbidities from 183 primary care patient-attendees. A categorical regression analysis was performed, using as a numeric variable the multiple MBRFs (clustering of 0 to four factors) in order to examine relationships with the basic and clinical characteristics of the patient-attendees. RESULTS Based on this secondary analysis, it was found that the prevalence of MBRFs is quite common among patient-attendees visiting urban PHC facilities. The prevalence of current smoking, sleep deprivation, increased body weight, and medium/high perceived stress levels were 33.9%, 52.5%, 83.1%, and 35.0%, respectively. An increased occurrence of MBRFs might be significantly predicted by the lower age of patient-attendees (b = -0.221, p = 0.05), by the absence of gray hair at an early age (b = -0.144, p = 0.042), by the physical discomfort during activities (b = 0.191, p = 0.017), or by the lower oxygen saturation (b = -0.184, p = 0.004). Diabetes mellitus (25.1%) was the most prevalent condition, followed by bronchial asthma (18.6%) and depression (15.8%). CONCLUSIONS Lower age, absence of premature hair whitening, physical discomfort during activities, and lower oxygen saturation are linked with an increased occurrence of MBRFs, leading to a neglected way of living. Those factors could be used to alert researchers, policymakers, and PHC professionals to act accordingly in order to prevent or early diagnose NCDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanouil K Symvoulakis
- Clinic of Social and Family Medicine, Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, GRC
| | - Panagiotis Stachteas
- Laboratory of Primary Health Care, General Practice and Health Services Research, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, GRC
| | - Emmanouil Smyrnakis
- Laboratory of Primary Health Care, General Practice and Health Services Research, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, GRC
| | - Panagiotis Volkos
- Fourth Local Health Team, Academic Unit of Heraklion, Heraklion, GRC
| | - Aikaterini E Mantadaki
- Clinic of Social and Family Medicine, Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, GRC
| | - Andreas Karelis
- Department of Family Medicine, Private Primary Care Facilities, Heraklion, GRC
| | - Chrysi Petraki
- Department of Family Medicine, Private Primary Care Facilities, Heraklion, GRC
| | - Kadiani Nioti
- Department of Family Medicine, Private Primary Care Facilities, Heraklion, GRC
| | | | - Aikaterini M Antoniou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, GRC
| | - Manolis Linardakis
- Clinic of Social and Family Medicine, Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, GRC
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