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López-Gil JF, Sainz de Baranda P, González-Gálvez N, Segarra-Vicens E, Valero-Valenzuela A, Avellaneda A, Avilés-Martínez MA, López Barrancos S, Díaz Delgado M, Victoria-Montesinos D, Ureña Villanueva F, Alcaraz PE. Region of Murcia's 2022 report card on physical activity for children and youth. J Exerc Sci Fit 2024; 22:227-236. [PMID: 38559908 PMCID: PMC10979110 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2024.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this review was to summarize the process and results of the Region of Murcia's 2022 Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Youth. Methods Indicators from the Global Matrix initiative (Overall Physical Activity, Organized Sport & Physical Activity, Physical Fitness, Active Play, Active Transport, Sedentary Behaviors, Family & Peers, School, Community & Environment, and Government) were evaluated based on the best available data in the Region of Murcia. Results Active play was the indicator with the highest grade (B+), followed by Organized Sport & Physical Activity (B) and Active Play (B). School and Family and Peers indicators obtained a C+ and C grade, respectively. Both Community and Environment and Sedentary Behaviors indicators received a D+ grade. The grade for Overall Physical Activity and Government indicators was D. Physical Fitness was the indicator with the lowest grade of this Report Card (D-). None of the indicators received an incomplete grade (INC) because of a lack of available information. Conclusions The present Report Card offers evidence highlighting the low level of physical activity in Spanish children and adolescents living in the Region of Murcia. Further studies and surveillance efforts are urgently needed for most of the indicators analyzed, which should be addressed by researchers and the Region of Murcia's Government for this specific population. A strong commitment from the Government of the Region of Murcia is needed at all levels to promote a cultural change that will lead children and young people in this region to improve the current situation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pilar Sainz de Baranda
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Department of Physical Activity and Sport, University of Murcia, San Javier, 30720, Murcia, Spain
- Sports and Musculoskeletal System Research Group (RAQUIS), Campus de San Javier, University of Murcia, 30720, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Eduardo Segarra-Vicens
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Department of Physical Activity and Sport, University of Murcia, San Javier, 30720, Murcia, Spain
| | - Alfonso Valero-Valenzuela
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Department of Physical Activity and Sport, University of Murcia, San Javier, 30720, Murcia, Spain
| | - Antonio Avellaneda
- R&D Department, ElPozo Alimentación S.A., 30840, Alhama de Murcia, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Pedro Emilio Alcaraz
- Facultad Del Deporte. UCAM Universidad Católica de Murcia, 30107, Murcia, Spain
- Research Center for High Performance Sport, San Antonio Catholic University of Murcia, 30830, Murcia, Spain
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Weedon BD, Esser P, Collett J, Izadi H, Joshi S, Meaney A, Delextrat A, Kemp S, Dawes H. The Relationship Between Motor Competence Physical Activity Cardiorespiratory Fitness and BMI in UK Adolescents. RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT 2024; 95:482-488. [PMID: 37874625 PMCID: PMC11147449 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2023.2265442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: This study set out to identify the extent of the relationships between subsections of the Movement Assessment Battery for Children 2nd Edition - MABC2 (manual dexterity, aiming and catching, and balance) to PA, CRF and BMI in adolescents. Methods: Height, BMI, the MABC2, a 20m shuttle run test and wrist-worn accelerometery PA levels (mins) were measured. Multivariable linear regression models, adjusting for sex, height and BMI were used to assess the relationship of the three subsections of the MABC2 with PA, CRF and BMI. Results: A total of 155 adolescents, aged 13-14 years, took part in this study (77 girls, 78 boys). Balance reported significant relationships with moderate to vigorous PA (unstandardised Beta B=0.15, 95%CI 0.02-0.28), vigorous PA (B=0.06, 95%CI 0.02-0.09) and BMI (B=-0.01, 95%CI -0.02-0.005). Balance in addition to aiming and catching skills were both significantly related to adolescent CRF (B=0.30, 95%CI 0.17-0.42 and B=0.29, 95%CI 0.14-0.45, respectively). Conclusion: This study suggests that balance is the strongest correlate skill to achieving the highest intensities of PA and healthier BMI status in adolescents. .
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Helen Dawes
- University of Exeter
- NIHR Exeter Biomedical Research Centre
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Costigan S, Gråstén A, Huhtiniemi M, Kolunsarka I, Lubans DR, Jaakkola T. Longitudinal Associations Between Enjoyment of Physical Education, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, and Muscular Fitness Among Finnish Adolescents. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2024; 34:e14678. [PMID: 38877298 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Students' experiences in physical education (PE) can shape future physical activity (PA) behaviors. PE enjoyment is associated with PA; however, the relationship between PE enjoyment and fitness has not been extensively investigated. The aim of this study was to examine if changes in PE enjoyment were associated with changes in cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and muscular fitness (MF) among Finnish adolescents. METHODS Study participants were students (n = 1147; 11.27 [±0.32] years at baseline) attending public schools in Finland. Data were collected yearly (2017-2021). The 20 m shuttle run assessed CRF, curl-up/push-up tests assessed MF, and the enjoyment subscale of the Sport Commitment Questionnaire-2 measured PE enjoyment. The random intercept cross-lagged panel model, including repeated measures (within-level) and latent levels (between-level) of PE enjoyment, CRF and MF, was tested. Sex, body mass index, moderate to vigorous PA, and peak height velocity were included as covariates in the analysis. RESULTS Over 5 years, PE enjoyment decreased, CRF increased until Timepoint 3, and MF remained stable. Positive associations between PE enjoyment and fitness were observed, indicating the greater the PE enjoyment, the higher the fitness. For PE enjoyment, CRF and MF repeated measures were positively associated with measurement of the next year. PE enjoyment was positively related to CRF and MF the years thereafter. CONCLUSION Our findings highlight the importance of quality PE experiences for enjoyment and fitness gains during the transition from primary to secondary school. These findings are important given youth fitness levels are associated with future health status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Costigan
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Arto Gråstén
- Physical Education Department, College of Education, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Mikko Huhtiniemi
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Iiris Kolunsarka
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - David R Lubans
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Centre for Active Living and Learning, College of Human and Social Futures, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Timo Jaakkola
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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Teich P, Golle K, Kliegl R. Association between time of assessment within a school year and physical fitness of primary school children. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11500. [PMID: 38769417 PMCID: PMC11106081 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61038-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The dissociation of effects of age, time of assessment and cohort is a well-known challenge in developmental science. We examined effects of time of assessment in the school year on children's physical fitness using data from 75,362 German third-graders from seven cohorts. Children were tested once either in the first or second school term of third grade. Tests examined cardiorespiratory endurance (6-min run), coordination (star-run), speed (20-m sprint), lower (standing long jump) and upper (ball-push test) limbs muscle power, and flexibility (stand-and-reach test). We estimated the effect of time of assessment using a regression discontinuity design specified in a linear mixed model with random factors child and school and adjusted for age, sex, and cohort effects. Coordination, speed, and upper limbs muscle power were better in second compared to first school term, with boys exhibiting a larger increase of upper limbs muscle power than girls. There was no evidence for changes in cardiorespiratory endurance, lower limbs muscle power, and flexibility between assessments. Previously reported age and sex effects as well as secular fitness trends were replicated. There is thus evidence for improvement of some physical fitness components beyond age and cohort effects that presumably reflects the benefit of physical activity in physical education and other settings. Effects of assessment time should be taken into consideration in performance-based grading or norm-based selection of children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Teich
- Division of Training and Movement Science, Research Focus Cognitive Sciences, University of Potsdam, Am Neuen Palais 10, Building 12, 14469, Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Kathleen Golle
- Division of Training and Movement Science, Research Focus Cognitive Sciences, University of Potsdam, Am Neuen Palais 10, Building 12, 14469, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Reinhold Kliegl
- Division of Training and Movement Science, Research Focus Cognitive Sciences, University of Potsdam, Am Neuen Palais 10, Building 12, 14469, Potsdam, Germany
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Martínez-Zamora MD, Martín-Martínez C, Martínez-de-Quel Ó, Valenzuela PL. Influence of Preterm Birth and Low Birthweight on Physical Fitness: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Meta-Regression. Sports Med 2024:10.1007/s40279-024-02026-z. [PMID: 38709451 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-024-02026-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preterm birth and low birthweight (LBW) might be associated with reduced physical fitness, although evidence remains inconclusive. OBJECTIVE To examine the influence of preterm birth and LBW on physical fitness, as well as to assess whether variables such as gestational age, birthweight, or age at assessment moderate these effects. METHODS PubMed, Scopus, and PsycINFO were systematically searched from inception to 7 December 2023 for case-control and cohort studies analyzing the association between preterm birth or LBW (or gestational age or birthweight as continuous variables) with at least one physical fitness-related outcome (i.e., cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), muscle strength, flexibility, speed, agility). Random-effects meta-analysis and meta-regression models were used to estimate the pooled effect size, as well as to examine potential associations between the magnitude of the effect and gestational age, birthweight, or age at assessment. RESULTS Fifty-two studies (n = 920,603 participants, average age ranging from 4.7 to 34.4 years) were included. Preterm birth was associated with reduced CRF (standardized mean difference (SMD) = -0.38, 95% confidence interval (CI) = -0.51 to -0.25) and muscle strength (SMD = -0.44, 95% CI = -0.79 to -0.08). LBW was associated with reduced CRF (SMD = -0.40, 95% CI = -0.64 to -0.17), muscle strength (SMD = -0.18, 95% CI = -0.24 to -0.13), flexibility (SMD = -0.11, 95% CI = -0.22 to -0.01), and agility (SMD = -0.99, 95% CI = -1.91 to -0.07). Meta-regression analyses showed that a lower gestational age or birthweight were associated with larger reductions in physical fitness, whereas no consistent association was found for the age at assessment. CONCLUSION Both preterm birth and LBW seem associated with reduced physical fitness regardless of age, with larger reductions overall observed in individuals with lower gestational age or birthweight. These findings might support the implementation of preventive strategies (e.g., fitness monitoring and physical exercise interventions) in these populations through the life course. PROSPERO registration: CRD42021231845.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Óscar Martínez-de-Quel
- Faculty of Education, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
- Faculty of Sciences for Physical Activity and Sport (INEF), Polytechnic University of Madrid, C/Martín Fierro, 7, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Pedro L Valenzuela
- Department of Systems Biology, University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain.
- Physical Activity and Health Research Group (PaHerg), Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre ('imas12'), Centro de Actividades Ambulatorias, 7ª Planta, Bloque D, Av. de Córdoba s/n, 28041, Madrid, Spain.
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Vanhelst J, Lang JJ, Matelot D, Carré F, Mercier D, Ulmer Z, Oppert JM, Baquet G, Berthoin S, Fillon A, Béghin L, Tomkinson GR. Cardiorespiratory fitness has declined among French children since 1999, although the decline appears to be getting smaller. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2024; 34:e14641. [PMID: 38682824 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is a strong marker of current and future health. The aim of this study was to assess the national temporal trends in CRF for French children and adolescents between 1999 and 2022. METHODS CRF data were obtained from several cross-sectional studies on 15 420 (51.1% boys) French children and adolescents aged 9-16 years between 1999 and 2022. The 20-m shuttle run test (20mSRT) estimated CRF. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated from measured height and body mass, with BMI z-scores (BMIz) calculated using WHO growth curves. The 20mSRT results were corrected for protocol and converted to z-scores (20mSRTz) using international sex- and age-specific norms. With additional adjustment for BMIz, temporal trends in mean 20mSRT performance (20mSRTz) were estimated using linear regression, with the distance max (Dmax) method used to locate a breakpoint and linear segments fitted to points below and above the breakpoint. Trends in distributional characteristics were assessed visually and described as the ratio of the coefficients of variation (CVs). RESULTS After adjustment for protocol, age, sex, and BMIz, a large decline in mean 20mSRT performance (trend per decade (95% CI): -1.42 SDs (-1.45, -1.39) or -18.4% (95% CI: -18.8, -18.0)) between 1999 and 2022 was found. Dmax located a breakpoint for the two-linear-segment model in year 2010. There was a large decline in mean 20mSRT performance pre-2010 (trend per decade (95% CI): -2.31 SDs (-2.39, -2.24)), which reduced 0.06-fold to a negligible decline post-2010 (trend per decade (95% CI): -0.15 SD (-0.20, -0.10)). We also found that the trend in mean 20mSRT performance was not uniform across the population distribution. Between 1999 and 2022, there was a small trend in distributional asymmetry, with slightly smaller declines experienced by the high performers (above the 75th percentile). CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest a large decline in the 20mSRT performance of French children and adolescents since 1999. This declining trend seems to have diminished considerably since 2010. Such declines in CRF could translate into declines in health status. Although a slowing in the declining trend in CRF in recent years is encouraging, more data are needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémy Vanhelst
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord and Université Paris Cité, INSERM, INRAE, CNAM, Center of Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Bobigny, France
| | - Justin J Lang
- Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | | | - François Carré
- Department of Sport Medicine, Pontchaillou Hospital, LTSI INSERM, U1099, University of Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | - Daniel Mercier
- Université de Grenoble, Départment STAPS, Grenoble, France
| | - Zékya Ulmer
- Centre de ressources et de preuves dédié à la prévention de la perte d'autonomie, Direction des études et de la prospective, Caisse Nationale de la Solidarité pour l'Autonomie (CNSA), Paris, France
| | - Jean-Michel Oppert
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord and Université Paris Cité, INSERM, INRAE, CNAM, Center of Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Bobigny, France
- Department of Nutrition, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital (AP-HP), Human Nutrition Research Center Ile-de-France (CRNH IdF), Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Georges Baquet
- Univ. Lille, Univ. Artois, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, ULR 7369-URePSSS-Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Sport Santé Société, Lille, France
| | - Serge Berthoin
- Univ. Lille, Univ. Artois, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, ULR 7369-URePSSS-Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Sport Santé Société, Lille, France
| | - Alicia Fillon
- Clermont Auvergne University, EA 3533, Laboratory of the Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise Under Physiological and Pathological Conditions (AME2P), CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Observatoire National de l'Activité Physique et de la Sédentarité (ONAPS), Faculty of Medicine, Clermont Auvergne University, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Laurent Béghin
- INSERM, CHU Lille, U1286-INFINITE-Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, and CIC 1403-Clinical Investigation Center, Univ. Lille, Lille, France
| | - Grant R Tomkinson
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Silveira JFDC, Brand C, Welser L, Gaya AR, Burns RD, Pfeiffer KA, Lima RA, Andersen LB, Reuter CP, Pohl HH. The Longitudinal Association of Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Adiposity With Clustered Cardiometabolic Risk: A Mediation Analysis. Pediatr Exerc Sci 2024; 36:75-82. [PMID: 37591502 DOI: 10.1123/pes.2022-0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Previous literature has demonstrated the mediating role of adiposity in the association between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and cardiometabolic risk as well as the potential role of CRF in attenuating the adverse consequences associated with excess weight. This study aimed to evaluate the mediating role of CRF and adiposity in the possible association with cardiometabolic risk. METHOD Observational 3-year longitudinal study that included 420 children and adolescents (10.50 [2.05] y of age at baseline; 56.2% girls). Body mass index (BMI) was calculated, and CRF was evaluated using field assessments. A clustered cardiometabolic risk score (cMetS) was calculated from glucose, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, and triglycerides z scores. Analyses evaluated the mediating role of BMI in the association between CRF and cMetS as well as whether CRF mediated the association between BMI and cMetS. RESULTS BMI at baseline was directly associated with the cMetS at follow-up (0.102; 95% confidence interval, 0.020 to 0.181), independently of CRF, whereas CRF was only indirectly associated with cMetS at follow-up through BMI (-0.036; 95% confidence interval, -0.070 to -0.009), meaning that the association between CRF and cMetS was explained via the mediation role of BMI. CONCLUSIONS BMI presented direct association with cMetS, whereas CRF exhibited indirect association with cMetS mediated via BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Francisco de Castro Silveira
- Graduate Program in Health Promotion, University of Santa Cruz do Sul (UNISC), Santa Cruz do Sul, RS,Brazil
- Graduate Program in Human Movement Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS,Brazil
| | - Caroline Brand
- IRyS Group, Physical Education School, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso,Chile
| | - Letícia Welser
- Graduate Program in Health Promotion, University of Santa Cruz do Sul (UNISC), Santa Cruz do Sul, RS,Brazil
| | - Anelise Reis Gaya
- Graduate Program in Human Movement Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS,Brazil
| | - Ryan Donald Burns
- Department of Health, Kinesiology, and Recreation, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT,USA
| | - Karin Allor Pfeiffer
- Department of Kinesiology, Michigan State University (MSU), East Lansing, MI,USA
| | - Rodrigo Antunes Lima
- Research, Innovation and Teaching Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona,Spain
- Research Group on Lifestyles and Health, University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE,Brazil
| | - Lars Bo Andersen
- Faculty of Education, Arts and Sport, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Songdal,Norway
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo,Norway
| | - Cézane Priscila Reuter
- Graduate Program in Health Promotion, University of Santa Cruz do Sul (UNISC), Santa Cruz do Sul, RS,Brazil
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Santa Cruz do Sul (UNISC), Santa Cruz do Sul, RS,Brazil
| | - Hildegard Hedwig Pohl
- Graduate Program in Health Promotion, University of Santa Cruz do Sul (UNISC), Santa Cruz do Sul, RS,Brazil
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Santa Cruz do Sul (UNISC), Santa Cruz do Sul, RS,Brazil
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Arkesteyn A, Cornelissen V, Steyaert J, Claes J, Michielsen M, Van Damme T. The concurrent validity and test-retest reliability of a submaximal exercise test in adolescents with autism. Disabil Rehabil 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38644598 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2024.2340704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE There is a need for valid and reliable clinical assessment tools to assess cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) levels in adolescents with autism. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the concurrent validity and test-retest reliability of the Astrand-Rhyming Test (ART) in this population. MATERIALS AND METHODS 45 adolescents with autism aged 12-18 years (n = 32 males, 14.47 ± 1.79 years) performed the ART twice (test-retest reliability) and completed a maximal cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) (concurrent validity). Reliability parameters included Pearson correlations, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs), standard error of measurements (SEM), minimal detectable changes (MDC), coefficients of variation, paired sample t-tests, linear regressions and Bland-Altman plots. The concurrent validity was evaluated with Pearson correlations, ICCs, paired sample t-tests, linear regressions and Bland-Altman plots. RESULTS Strong test-retest reliability (r = 0.84-0.85, ICC = 0.84-0.85) was found for the ART, but the wide limits of agreement intervals suggest the presence of substantial variability. The large SEM (4.73-5.08 mL/kg/min) and MDC (13.20-14.07 mL/kg/min) values suggest lower absolute reliability. Moderate to strong levels of association (r = 0.74-0.75) and agreement (ICC = 0.59-0.66) were found between estimated (ART1) and measured (CPET) VO2 max levels, but significant systematic differences (5.71-8.82 mL/kg/min) were observed. CONCLUSION The ART is an accessible and promising method to monitor submaximal CRF levels over time but is less appropriate to estimate maximal CRF levels in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke Arkesteyn
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Jean Steyaert
- Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- University Psychiatric Centre KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jomme Claes
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Tine Van Damme
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- University Psychiatric Centre KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Domínguez-Martín G, Tárraga-López PJ, López-Gil JF. Relationship between perceived physical literacy and obesity-related outcomes in adolescents: the EHDLA study. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1321361. [PMID: 38694986 PMCID: PMC11062133 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1321361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between perceived physical literacy and obesity-related outcomes among adolescents from Spain. Methods This is a secondary cross-sectional analysis including a total sample of 845 Spanish adolescents (55.3% girls) aged 12-17 years from the Valle de Ricote (Region of Murcia) from the Eating Healthy and Daily Life Activities (EHDLA) project. Physical literacy was evaluated using the Spanish Perceived Physical Literacy Instrument for adolescents (S-PPLI). Body mass index was computed by taking the participants' body weight in kilograms and dividing it by the square of their height in meters, and body mass index (z score) and overweight/obesity and obesity were computed by the World Health Organization age- and sex-specific thresholds. Waist circumference was measured using a constant tension tape. Moreover, the waist-to-height ratio was calculated, and therefore, abdominal obesity was determined. Skinfold measurements were taken at the triceps and medial calf using calibrated steel calipers. Results In general, the overall trend was downward (i.e., the higher the PPLI score the lower the obesity-related indicators), with the approximate significance of smooth terms being statistically significant for all models examined (p < 0.001). Adolescents with lower perceived physical literacy (PPL) showed the highest estimated marginal means of body mass index, body mass index z score, waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio, and skinfold (triceps and calf) and predictive probabilities of having excess weight, obesity, and abdominal obesity, while their counterparts with high PPL had the lowest. In addition, significant differences were observed for all the obesity-related indications between adolescents with low PPL and those with medium PPL (p-adjusted < 0.05 for all indicators), as well as with those with high PPL (p-adjusted < 0.05 for all indicators). Moreover, these significant differences were also shown for most indicators between adolescents with medium PPL and those with high PPL (except for obesity). Conclusion Physical literacy could play a crucial role in maintaining more desirable obesity-related outcomes in adolescents. Adolescents with high perceived physical literacy showed lower obesity-related indicators (i.e., body mass index, body mass index z score, waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio, skinfolds), as well as a lower probability of having excess weight, obesity, and abdominal obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pedro J Tárraga-López
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
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Morales JS, Alberquilla Del Río E, Valenzuela PL, Martínez-de-Quel Ó. Physical Activity and Cognitive Performance in Early Childhood: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Sports Med 2024:10.1007/s40279-024-02020-5. [PMID: 38598150 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-024-02020-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growing evidence suggests that physical activity (PA) could improve cognitive performance in youths, but whether these effects occur from early childhood remains unclear. OBJECTIVE To summarize evidence on the effects of PA interventions on cognitive performance in early childhood. METHODS We performed a systematic search in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and PsycINFO (from inception to 6 September 2023) for randomized controlled trials assessing the effects of PA interventions (≥ 3 weeks) on cognitive-related outcomes in early childhood (3-6 years). We conducted a random-effects meta-analysis when five or more studies assessed a given outcome. The potential moderating role of participant (e.g., age) and intervention characteristics (e.g., duration, volume, intensity, cognitive engagement) was also assessed. RESULTS We found a total of 24 studies (N = 3483 children) that were deemed to be of overall fair methodological quality. PA interventions were supervised and lasted between 3 and 24 weeks. The most common session duration was 30 min, with a frequency of two sessions per week. Pooled analyses revealed that PA interventions have positive effects on all analysed outcomes, including attention (standardized mean difference (SMD) = 0.49, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.18-0.79, p = 0.002), inhibition (SMD = 0.45, 95% CI 0.06-0.84, p = 0.022), working memory (SMD = 0.50, 95% CI 0.18-0.82, p = 0.002), cognitive flexibility (SMD = 0.39, 0.15-0.62, p = 0.002) and vocabulary (SMD = 1.18, 0.19-2.16, p = 0.019). Sensitivity analyses confirmed the benefits in all cases except for inhibition (p = 0.062). No consistent differences were found relating to any moderator variable. CONCLUSIONS Although further research is warranted, our findings suggest that PA interventions may improve cognitive performance in early childhood, particularly in the domains of attention, inhibition, working memory, cognitive flexibility and vocabulary. These findings might support the implementation of PA interventions from early childhood. PROSPERO REGISTRATION CRD42021249319.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier S Morales
- MOVE-IT Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | | | - Pedro L Valenzuela
- Physical Activity and Health Research Group ('PaHerg'), Research Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre ('imas12'), Centro de Actividades Ambulatorias, 7ª Planta, Bloque D. Av. de Córdoba s/n, 28041, Madrid, Spain.
- Systems Biology Department, University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Óscar Martínez-de-Quel
- Faculty of Education, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences (INEF), Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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11
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Prince SA, Dempsey PC, Reed JL, Rubin L, Saunders TJ, Ta J, Tomkinson GR, Merucci K, Lang JJ. The Effect of Sedentary Behaviour on Cardiorespiratory Fitness: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sports Med 2024; 54:997-1013. [PMID: 38225444 PMCID: PMC11052788 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-023-01986-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is an important indicator of current and future health. While the impact of habitual physical activity on CRF is well established, the role of sedentary behaviour (SB) remains less understood. OBJECTIVE We aimed to determine the effect of SB on CRF. METHODS Searches were conducted in MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL and SPORTDiscus from inception to August 2022. Randomised controlled trials, quasi-experimental studies and cohort studies that assessed the relationship between SB and CRF were eligible. Narrative syntheses and meta-analyses summarised the evidence, and Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) certainty was based on evidence from randomised controlled trials. RESULTS This review included 18 studies that focused on youth (four randomised controlled trials, three quasi-experimental studies, 11 cohort studies) and 24 on adult populations (15 randomised controlled trials, five quasi-experimental studies, four cohort studies). In youth and adults, evidence from randomised controlled trials suggests mixed effects of SB on CRF, but with the potential for interventions to improve CRF. Quasi-experimental and cohort studies also support similar conclusions. Certainty of evidence was very low for both age groups. A meta-analysis of adult randomised controlled trials found that interventions targeting reducing SB, or increasing physical activity and reducing SB, had a significant effect on post-peak oxygen consumption (mean difference = 3.16 mL.kg-1.min-1, 95% confidence interval: 1.76, 4.57). CONCLUSIONS Evidence from randomised controlled trials indicates mixed associations between SB and CRF, with the potential for SB to influence CRF, as supported by meta-analytical findings. Further well-designed trials are warranted to confirm the relationship between SB and CRF, explore the effects of SB independent from higher intensity activity, and investigate the existence of such relationships in paediatric populations. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42022356218.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A Prince
- Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, 785 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada.
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
| | - Paddy C Dempsey
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Diabetes Research Centre, College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jennifer L Reed
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Exercise Physiology and Cardiovascular Health Lab, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Lukas Rubin
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Science, Humanities and Education, Technical University of Liberec, Liberec, Czech Republic
- Institute of Active Lifestyle, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Travis J Saunders
- Department Applied Human Sciences, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PEI, Canada
| | - Josephine Ta
- Telfer School of Management, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Grant R Tomkinson
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity, Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | | | - Justin J Lang
- Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, 785 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity, Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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12
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Treviño-Peña R, Romero Z, Fuentes JC, Cortez KE, Alanis E, Alvarenga JCL. A Coordinated School Health Program Effect on Cardiorespiratory Fitness of South Texas Preschool Children: A Cluster Randomized Trial. THE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH 2024; 94:336-345. [PMID: 38252805 DOI: 10.1111/josh.13414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of the Bienestar/NEEMA Coordinated School Health Program (BN CSHP) on cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) of preschool children. METHODS A cluster randomized trial was conducted of preschools in South Texas. Of 48 eligible schools, 28 were randomly assigned (14 intervention, 14 control). Family demographics and household health characteristics were collected from parents and CRF from children. Generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) was used to analyze the data. RESULTS Family demographics, household health characteristics, and children's weight, obesity prevalence, and sedentary activity of the control group were similar to the intervention group at baseline. After adjusting for covariates, the number of laps ran by children in the control group increased by 23% (CI: -5% to 60%) per each data collection period compared with 53% (CI: 7% to 119%) in the intervention group. IMPLICATIONS FOR SCHOOL HEALTH POLICY, PRACTICE, AND EQUITY State mandates, parent engagement, and funding are key for designing effective health and Physical Education (PE) programs. CONCLUSION Children in the BN CSHP, compared to those in the control group, had a significantly higher increase in their CRF. This finding is important because of the health benefits of CRF in children. CLINICALTRIALS gov Identifier: NCT05501392.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zasha Romero
- University of Texas-Rio Grande Valley, Edinburgh, TX
| | | | | | | | - Juan C L Alvarenga
- Division of Population Health & Biostatistics, University of Texas-Rio Grande Valley, Edinburgh, TX
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13
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Ingvarsdottir TH, Johannsson E, Rognvaldsdottir V, Stefansdottir RS, Arnardottir NY. Longitudinal development and tracking of cardiorespiratory fitness from childhood to adolescence. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299941. [PMID: 38551951 PMCID: PMC10980206 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is an important indicator of health in childhood and adolescence but longitudinal studies on the development and tracking of CRF from childhood to adolescence are scarce. OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study were (1) to assess longitudinal development and track CRF over 10 years from childhood to adolescence, and (2) to examine potential sex differences in the development and tracking of CRF during this period. METHODS Participants were Icelandic children born in 1999, measured at the age of 7 (n = 190, 106 girls), 9 (n = 163, 95 girls), 15 (n = 239, 134 girls), and 17 (n = 202, 119 girls). CRF was assessed with a maximal cycle ergometer test and expressed as maximal power output (Max W) and maximal power output relative to lean mass (W/kgLM). Multilevel regression models were used to study the longitudinal development of CRF, and tracking was assessed with Spearman's rank correlation, logistic regression, and the percentage of participants remaining in low, moderate, or high CRF categories between measurements. RESULTS Max W and W/kgLM increased for both boys and girls up to age 15. Max W plateaued for both boys and girls while W/kgLM plateaued for girls but declined for boys from age 15 to 17. Boys had higher Max W than girls from age 15 and higher W/kgLM from age 9. CRF tracked at low to moderate levels from childhood to adolescence and at high levels in adolescence, with higher values observed for boys than girls. CONCLUSIONS Age 15 was a critical time point in the development of CRF, with values starting to plateau for girls and decline for boys. The results support early intervention for improved CRF in later years, with interventions targeting all children, regardless of their CRF level.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erlingur Johannsson
- Center of Sport and Health Sciences, School of Education, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway
| | - Vaka Rognvaldsdottir
- Center of Sport and Health Sciences, School of Education, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Runa Sif Stefansdottir
- Center of Sport and Health Sciences, School of Education, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Nanna Yr Arnardottir
- School of Health, Business and Natural Sciences, University of Akureyri, Akureyri, Iceland
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14
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Ganmaa D, Hemmings S, Jolliffe DA, Buyanjargal U, Garmaa G, Adiya U, Tumurbaatar T, Dorjnamjil K, Tserenkhuu E, Erdenenbaatar S, Tsendjav E, Enkhamgalan N, Achtai CE, Talhaasuren Y, Byambasuren T, Ganbaatar E, Purevdorj E, Martineau AR. Influence of vitamin D supplementation on muscle strength and exercise capacity in Mongolian schoolchildren: a randomised controlled trial. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.03.27.24304943. [PMID: 38585948 PMCID: PMC10996754 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.27.24304943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Objective To determine whether weekly oral vitamin D supplementation influences grip strength, explosive leg power, cardiorespiratory fitness or spirometric lung volumes in Mongolian schoolchildren. Methods Multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial conducted in children aged 6-13 years at baseline attending 18 schools in Ulaanbaatar. The intervention was weekly oral doses of 14,000 IU vitamin D3 (n=4418) or placebo (n=4433) for 3 years. Outcome measures were grip strength, standing long jump distance and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) concentrations (determined in all participants), peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak, determined in a subset of 632 participants using 20-metre multi-stage shuttle run tests) and spirometric outcomes (determined in a subset of 1,343 participants). Results 99.8% of participants had serum 25(OH)D concentrations <75 nmol/L at baseline, and mean end-study 25(OH)D concentrations in children randomised to vitamin D vs. placebo were 77.4 vs. 26.7 nmol/L (mean difference 50.7 nmol/L, 95% CI, 49.7 to 51.4). However, vitamin D supplementation did not influence mean grip strength, standing long jump distance, VO2peak, spirometric lung volumes or peak expiratory flow rate, either overall or within sub-groups defined by sex, baseline 25(OH)D concentration <25 vs. ≥25 nmol/L or calcium intake <500 vs. ≥500 mg/day. Conclusion A 3-year course of weekly oral supplementation with 14,000 IU vitamin D3 elevated serum 25(OH)D concentrations in Mongolian schoolchildren with a high baseline prevalence of vitamin D deficiency. However, this intervention did not influence grip strength, explosive leg power, peak oxygen uptake or spirometric lung volumes, either overall or in sub-group analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davaasambuu Ganmaa
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Stephanie Hemmings
- School of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Brighton, Eastbourne BN20 7SP, UK
| | - David A. Jolliffe
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Uyanga Buyanjargal
- Mongolian Health Initiative, Royal Plaza, Bayanzurkh District, Ulaanbaatar 13312, Mongolia
| | - Gantsetseg Garmaa
- Mongolian Health Initiative, Royal Plaza, Bayanzurkh District, Ulaanbaatar 13312, Mongolia
| | - Unaganshagai Adiya
- Mongolian Health Initiative, Royal Plaza, Bayanzurkh District, Ulaanbaatar 13312, Mongolia
| | - Tumenulzii Tumurbaatar
- Mongolian Health Initiative, Royal Plaza, Bayanzurkh District, Ulaanbaatar 13312, Mongolia
| | - Khulan Dorjnamjil
- Mongolian Health Initiative, Royal Plaza, Bayanzurkh District, Ulaanbaatar 13312, Mongolia
| | | | - Sumiya Erdenenbaatar
- Mongolian Health Initiative, Royal Plaza, Bayanzurkh District, Ulaanbaatar 13312, Mongolia
| | - Enkhjargal Tsendjav
- Mongolian Health Initiative, Royal Plaza, Bayanzurkh District, Ulaanbaatar 13312, Mongolia
| | - Nomin Enkhamgalan
- Mongolian Health Initiative, Royal Plaza, Bayanzurkh District, Ulaanbaatar 13312, Mongolia
| | - Chuluun-Erdene Achtai
- Mongolian Health Initiative, Royal Plaza, Bayanzurkh District, Ulaanbaatar 13312, Mongolia
| | | | - Tuya Byambasuren
- Mongolian Ministry of Health, Sukhbaatar District, Ulaanbaatar 14210, Mongolia
| | - Erdenetuya Ganbaatar
- Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Sukhbaatar District, Ulaanbaatar 14210, Mongolia
| | - Erkhembulgan Purevdorj
- Mongolian Health Initiative, Royal Plaza, Bayanzurkh District, Ulaanbaatar 13312, Mongolia
| | - Adrian R Martineau
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
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15
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Joensuu L, Csányi T, Huhtiniemi M, Kälbi K, Magalhães J, Milanović I, Morrison SA, Ortega FB, Sardinha LB, Starc G, Tammelin TH, Jurak G. How to design and establish a national school-based physical fitness monitoring and surveillance system for children and adolescents: A 10-step approach recommended by the FitBack network. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2024; 34:e14593. [PMID: 38488439 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Providing individual- and population-level data on children's physical fitness (PF) is a crucial public health and education priority. However, few national fitness monitoring or surveillance systems are currently in practice internationally. We aim to summarize the current European PF monitoring and surveillance systems for school-aged children and to provide experience-based guidelines on how to design such systems. METHODS The FitBack network consists of experts from diverse backgrounds with the common interest to improve the accessibility of PF monitoring for young people globally. Through FitBack network, we identified and compared the national or regional PF monitoring and surveillance systems currently in operation across Europe. We formulated a 10-step approach for designing and establishing one's own system, based on analysis of experienced strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats to monitoring childhood fitness. RESULTS We identified a total of eight PF monitoring systems in Finland, France, Galicia of Spain, Hungary, Lithuania, Portugal, Serbia, and Slovenia. The FitBack network recommends the following steps for designing and establishing one's own system: (1) set up mission statements and aims, (2) involve stakeholders, (3) utilize scientific background, (4) governance structure, (5) ensure sufficient funding, (6) data management planning, (7) provide meaningful feedback, (8) conduct pilot testing, (9) plan implementation process, and (10) invest in communication with stakeholders. CONCLUSIONS This study provides an updated overview of the best practices for school-aged children's fitness monitoring and surveillance in Europe. Additionally, it offers a 10-step approach to assist in the creation of similar systems in Europe or globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Joensuu
- LIKES, Jamk University of Applied Sciences, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Tamás Csányi
- Department of Physical Education Theory and Methodology, Hungarian University of Sports Science, Budapest, Hungary
- Hungarian School Sport Federation, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mikko Huhtiniemi
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Katalin Kälbi
- Hungarian School Sport Federation, Budapest, Hungary
- Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE) Bárczi Gusztáv Faculty of Special Needs Education, Institute for the Methodology of Special Needs Education and Rehabilitation, Budapest, Hungary
| | - João Magalhães
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Cruz Quebrada, Portugal
| | - Ivana Milanović
- Faculty of Sports and Physical Education, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Shawnda A Morrison
- Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Francisco B Ortega
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada and CIBEROBN Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Granada, Spain
| | - Luis B Sardinha
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Cruz Quebrada, Portugal
| | - Gregor Starc
- Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Gregor Jurak
- Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Steiman De Visser H, Fast I, Brunton N, Arevalo E, Askin N, Rabbani R, Abou-Setta AM, McGavock J. Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Physical Activity in Pediatric Diabetes: A Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis. JAMA Netw Open 2024; 7:e240235. [PMID: 38393727 PMCID: PMC10891480 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.0235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Importance It is unclear whether cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and physical activity are lower among youths with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) compared with youths without diabetes. Objective To describe the magnitude, precision, and constancy of the differences in CRF and physical activity among youths with and without diabetes. Data Sources MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, and SPORTDiscus were searched from January 1, 2000, to May 1, 2022, for eligible studies. Study Selection Observational studies with measures of CRF and physical activity in children and adolescents aged 18 years or younger with T1D or T2D and a control group were included. Data Extraction and Synthesis Data extraction was completed by 2 independent reviewers. A random-effects meta-analysis model was used to estimate differences in main outcomes. The pooled effect estimate was measured as standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% CIs. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses guideline was followed. Main Outcomes and Measures The main outcomes were objectively measured CRF obtained from a graded maximal exercise test and subjective or objective measures of physical activity. Subgroup analyses were performed for weight status and measurement type for outcome measures. Results Of 7857 unique citations retrieved, 9 studies (755 participants) with measures of CRF and 9 studies (1233 participants) with measures of physical activity for youths with T2D were included; for youths with T1D, 23 studies with measures of CRF (2082 participants) and 36 studies with measures of PA (12 196 participants) were included. Random-effects models revealed that directly measured CRF was lower in youths with T2D (SMD, -1.06; 95% CI, -1.57 to -0.56; I2 = 84%; 9 studies; 755 participants) and in youths with T1D (SMD, -0.39; 95% CI, -0.70 to -0.09; I2 = 89%; 22 studies; 2082 participants) compared with controls. Random-effects models revealed that daily physical activity was marginally lower in youths with T1D (SMD, -0.29; 95% CI, -0.46 to -0.11; I2 = 89%; 31 studies; 12 196 participants) but not different among youths with T2D (SMD, -0.56; 95% CI, -1.28 to 0.16; I2 = 91%; 9 studies; 1233 participants) compared with controls. When analyses were restricted to studies with objective measures, physical activity was significantly lower in youths with T2D (SMD, -0.71; 95% CI, -1.36 to -0.05; I2 = 23%; 3 studies; 332 participants) and T1D (SMD, -0.67; 95% CI, -1.17 to -0.17; I2 = 93%; 12 studies; 1357 participants) compared with controls. Conclusions and Relevance These findings suggest that deficits in CRF may be larger and more consistent in youths with T2D compared with youths with T1D, suggesting an increased risk for cardiovascular disease-related morbidity in adolescents with diabetes, particularly among those with T2D. The findings reinforce calls for novel interventions to empower youths living with diabetes to engage in regular physical activity and increase their CRF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Isaak Fast
- Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Nicole Brunton
- Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Edward Arevalo
- Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Nicole Askin
- Neil John MacLean Library, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Rasheda Rabbani
- George & Fay Yee Centre for Healthcare Innovation, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Ahmed M. Abou-Setta
- George & Fay Yee Centre for Healthcare Innovation, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Jonathan McGavock
- Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Research Theme, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Diabetes Action Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Sousa-Sá E, Fonseca AP, Lopes L, Abreu S, Moreira C, Agostinis-Sobrinho C, Oliveira A, Azevedo C, Santos R. Sleep duration and cardiorespiratory fitness in adolescents: Longitudinal analysis from the LabMed study. J Adolesc 2024; 96:266-274. [PMID: 38059427 DOI: 10.1002/jad.12273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to investigate longitudinal associations between sleep duration and cardiorespiratory fitness, in adolescents. METHODS Sleep duration was self-reported and cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed by the 20 m shuttle run test, both at baseline and follow-up (2-year follow-up). Participants were 734 Northern Portuguese adolescents (349 girls), aged 14.6 ± 1.8 years, from the LabMed study. RESULTS Significant decreases were found between baseline and follow-up for sleep duration, whereas for cardiorespiratory fitness there was an increase. Adolescents with short sleep duration at baseline had lower cardiorespiratory fitness at follow-up, comparing to those meeting the sleep guidelines (odds ratio [OR] = 0.506, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.326-0.785; p = .002 for whole week; OR = 0.597, 95% CI: 0.407-0.875; p = .008 for weekdays). Girls who were short sleepers at baseline had lower odds of having a healthy cardiorespiratory fitness at follow-up, comparing to those meeting the sleep guidelines (OR = 0.311, 95% CI: 0.158-0.613; p < .001 for whole week; OR = 0.469, 95% CI: 0.262-0.838; p = .011 for weekdays). No significant associations between sleep duration and cardiorespiratory fitness were found for boys. DISCUSSION There was a significant longitudinal association between short sleep duration and lower cardiorespiratory fitness levels, particularly in girls. Future interventions targeting adolescents' sleep duration should acknowledge behavioral differences between genders, as well as different behaviors adopted by boys ang girls, specifically on weekends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduarda Sousa-Sá
- CIDEFES, Universidade Lusófona, Lisbon, Portugal
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Paula Fonseca
- Laboratório de Cronobiologia e Comportamento, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Norte, Brazil
| | - Luís Lopes
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Porto, Portugal
| | - Sandra Abreu
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Porto, Portugal
- School of Life Sciences and Environment, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Carla Moreira
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Porto, Portugal
| | | | - André Oliveira
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carolina Azevedo
- Laboratório de Cronobiologia e Comportamento, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Norte, Brazil
| | - Rute Santos
- Research Centre in Child Studies, University of Minho, Portugal
- Institute of Education, University of Minho, Portugal
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Reis LN, Reuter CP, Burns RD, Martins CMDL, Mota J, Gaya ACA, Silveira JFDC, Gaya AR. Effects of a physical education intervention on children's physical activity and fitness: the PROFIT pilot study. BMC Pediatr 2024; 24:78. [PMID: 38267928 PMCID: PMC10807217 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-024-04544-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical education classes are widely accepted as one of the most effective settings for promoting physical activity and health and have often been used to implement physical activity interventions. The aim of this pilot study was to test a physical education intervention program on physical activity levels and physical fitness in a sample of school-age children. METHODS Participants were a convenience sample of 50 children (34 experimental group and 16 in the comparative group) aged between 6 and 11 years old (Mean = 8.28 years). A 21-week intervention was implemented, consisting of high-intensity and physical fitness-focused exercises, in addition to a once-a-month extra class nutritional education. The following variables were evaluated before and post-intervention: physical fitness, sedentary behavior (SB), light physical activity (LPA), moderate physical activity (MVA), and vigorous physical activity (VPA). Propensity score analyses calculated the average treatment effect on the treated (ATET) within a quasi-experimental framework. RESULTS Physical fitness variables showed improvements after the intervention, specifically for agility (ATET = -0.67 s; p < 0.001), cardiorespiratory fitness (ATET = 89.27 m; p = 0.045), lower limbs power (ATET = 4.47 centimeters; p = 0.025), and speed (ATET = -1.06 s; p < 0.001). For physical activity and SB levels, there were no improvements after intervention implementation. CONCLUSION The intervention program showed preliminary effectiveness to improve physical fitness of children, but not SB nor physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiza Naujorks Reis
- Graduate Program in Human Movement Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Cézane Priscila Reuter
- Graduate Program in Health Promotion, University of Santa Cruz do Sul (UNISC), Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Ryan Donald Burns
- Department of Health, Kinesiology, and Recreation, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Clarice Maria de Lucena Martins
- Research Centre of Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jorge Mota
- Research Centre of Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Adroaldo Cezar Araujo Gaya
- Graduate Program in Human Movement Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Anelise Reis Gaya
- Graduate Program in Human Movement Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Moreno-Díaz MI, Vaquero-Solís M, Tapia-Serrano MÁ, Sánchez-Miguel PA. Physical Activity, Body Composition, Physical Fitness, and Body Dissatisfaction in Physical Education of Extremadura Adolescents: An Exploratory Study. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:83. [PMID: 38255396 PMCID: PMC10814063 DOI: 10.3390/children11010083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, physical activity levels among youths have declined significantly. This has led to a decline in adherence to physical activity recommendations. In this sense, physical education offers an ideal environment that contributes positively to improving adherence to physical activity recommendations, as it teaches students movement-related skills and knowledge. The objective of the present research was to investigate the relationship between physical activity levels, body composition, fitness in Physical Education, and body dissatisfaction levels, and to analyse sex differences in relation to the study variables. The sample was formed of 1166 participants from the 1st and 2nd secondary compulsory education, of which 642 were boys (age 13.16 ± 0.91), and 524 girls (age 13.08 ± 0.85). The measure of physical activity was the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents (PAQ-A). Body composition was assessed using weight and height to calculate their body mass index. Cardiorespiratory capacity was assessed using the Course-Navette test in Physical Education lessons. The results showed the relationship between physical activity and body mass index, cardiorespiratory capacity, and body satisfaction. It was also confirmed that higher levels of physical activity were associated with a lower body mass index, improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness, and lower levels of body dissatisfaction to a greater extent in boys than in girls. The study concludes that improvements in the study variables were associated with increased physical activity. In addition, it seems necessary to promote healthy lifestyles in physical education lessons, especially during adolescence, as they could serve as a gateway for the improvement of health-related fitness in future generations. Increasing the amount of physical activity among young people is vital. Therefore, it would be essential to develop intervention programs in physical education classes, especially during adolescence, aimed at promoting and increasing physical activity and its benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Isabel Moreno-Díaz
- Department of Didactics of Musical, Plastic and Corporal Expression, Faculty of Teacher Training, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (M.I.M.-D.); (M.V.-S.); (P.A.S.-M.)
| | - Miguel Vaquero-Solís
- Department of Didactics of Musical, Plastic and Corporal Expression, Faculty of Teacher Training, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (M.I.M.-D.); (M.V.-S.); (P.A.S.-M.)
| | | | - Pedro Antonio Sánchez-Miguel
- Department of Didactics of Musical, Plastic and Corporal Expression, Faculty of Teacher Training, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (M.I.M.-D.); (M.V.-S.); (P.A.S.-M.)
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20
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Pinto-Escalona T, Gobbi E, Valenzuela PL, Bennett SJ, Aschieri P, Martin-Loeches M, Paoli A, Martinez-de-Quel O. Effects of a school-based karate intervention on academic achievement, psychosocial functioning, and physical fitness: A multi-country cluster randomized controlled trial. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2024; 13:90-98. [PMID: 34732366 PMCID: PMC10818116 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2021.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the effects of a school-based karate intervention on academic achievement, psychosocial functioning, and physical fitness in children aged 7-8 years. METHODS Twenty schools in 5 different European countries (2 second-grade classrooms per school) participated in a cluster randomized controlled trial (Sport at School trial). Participants were assigned to either a control group, which continued with their habitual physical education lessons, or to an intervention group, which replaced these lessons with a 1-year karate intervention (Karate Mind and Movement program). A total of 721 children (344 girls and 377 boys, 7.4 ± 0.5 years old, mean ± SD) completed the study, of which 333 and 388 were assigned to the control group and intervention group, respectively. Outcomes included academic performance (average grade), psychosocial functioning (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire for parents), and different markers of physical fitness (cardiorespiratory fitness, balance, and flexibility). RESULTS The intervention provided small but significant benefits compared to the control group for academic achievement (d = 0.16; p = 0.003), conduct problems (d = -0.28; p = 0.003), cardiorespiratory fitness (d = 0.36; p < 0.001), and balance (d = 0.24; p = 0.015). There was a trend towards significant benefits for flexibility (d = 0.24; p = 0.056). No significant benefits were observed for other variables, including psychosocial difficulties, emotional symptoms, hyperactivity/inattention, peer problems, or prosocial behaviour (all p > 0.05). CONCLUSION A 1-year school-based karate intervention was effective in improving academic achievement, conduct problems, and physical fitness in primary school children. The results support the inclusion of karate during physical education lessons.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erica Gobbi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino "Carlo Bo", Urbino 61029, Italy
| | - Pedro L Valenzuela
- Department of Systems Biology, University of Alcalá, Madrid 28805, Spain
| | - Simon J Bennett
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
| | - Pierluigi Aschieri
- Italian Judo, Wrestling, Karate and Martial Arts Federation, Rome 00122, Italy
| | - Manuel Martin-Loeches
- Psychobiology & Methods for the Behavioural Sciences Department, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Antonio Paoli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua 35122, Italy
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21
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Laakso PTT, Ortega FB, Huotari P, Tolvanen AJ, Kujala UM, Jaakkola TT. The association of adolescent fitness with cardiometabolic diseases in late adulthood: A 45-year longitudinal study. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2024; 34:e14529. [PMID: 37905700 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to examine the associations of adolescent cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), muscular fitness (MF), and speed-agility fitness (SA) with middle-aged cardiometabolic disease risk and explore sex differences. METHODS This 45-year prospective cohort study examined the associations between objectively measured fitness at adolescence (12-19 years) and physician-ascertained diabetes mellitus, elevated blood pressure (BP), and coronary heart disease reported either in early (37-44 years) or late (57-64 years) middle age, and self-measurement of waist circumference (WC) in late middle age. Fitness measurements for healthy adolescents in baseline included CRF (1.5 km [girls] and 2 km [boys] run), MF (standing broad jump, sit-ups, pull-ups [boys], and flexed-arm hang [girls]), and SA (50 m dash and 4 × 10 m shuttle run). Logistic regression and general linear models were adjusted for baseline age, sex, and body mass index (BMI), involving data from baseline and at least one follow-up measurement (N up to 1358, 47% males). RESULTS Adolescent CRF was inversely, and regardless of adiposity, associated with middle age accumulated burden of cardiometabolic conditions in the whole sample (N = 562, ß = -0.10, 95% confidence intervals [CI] [-0.18, -0.03], p = 0.006), and elevated BP in females (N = 256, OR = 0.71, 95% CI [0.51, 0.91]). Overall, we observed stronger associations in females than in males. An inverse association of adolescent MF and SA with middle-aged WC was observed, but it did not show as consistent associations as with CRF. CONCLUSIONS In this study, adolescent fitness, particularly CRF, was inversely associated with the burden of cardiometabolic conditions up to 45 years. Promotion of fitness in youth may be beneficial in preventing adulthood cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perttu T T Laakso
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Francisco B Ortega
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Granada, Spain
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Pertti Huotari
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Asko J Tolvanen
- Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Urho M Kujala
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Timo T Jaakkola
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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Rubín L, Mitáš J, Vorlíček M, Dygrýn J, Suchomel A, Lang JJ, Tomkinson GR. Normative-referenced values for health-related fitness among Czech youth: Physical fitness data from the study IPEN Adolescent Czech Republic. Cent Eur J Public Health 2023; 31:279-286. [PMID: 38309706 DOI: 10.21101/cejph.a7645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to developed sex- and age-specific normative-referenced percentile values for health-related fitness among 12 to 18 years old Czech youth. METHODS This study included cross-sectional data from 1,173 participants (50.7% boys) collected between 2013 and 2016. Participants were recruited from 32 elementary or secondary schools across eight cities located in the Czech Republic. Health-related fitness was objectively measured using both anthropometric (height, body mass, and sum of skinfolds) and performance (20-m shuttle run for cardiorespiratory endurance, modified push-ups for muscular strength/endurance, and V sit-and-reach for flexibility) tests. Sex- and age-specific normative values were calculated using the Lambda Mu Sigma method. Sex- and age-related differences in means were expressed as standardized effect sizes. RESULTS Normative percentiles were tabulated and displayed as smoothed curves. Among boys, measures of health-related fitness generally increased with age, except for an age-related decline in the sum of skinfolds and a plateau in V sit-and-reach. Among girls, most measures of health-related fitness increased from age 12 to 16 years before stabilizing, except for the sum of skinfolds, which remained stable from age 12 to 18 years. The sex-related differences were large with boys having higher cardiorespiratory endurance and muscular strength/endurance than girls. Girls compared to boys had higher flexibility. CONCLUSIONS This study presents the most up-to-date sex- and age-specific normative-referenced percentile values for health-related fitness among Czech youth. Normative values may be useful for fitness and public health screening and surveillance, for example, by helping to identify youth with low fitness who might benefit from a fitness-enhancing intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukáš Rubín
- Institute of Active Lifestyle, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Science, Humanities and Education, Technical University of Liberec, Liberec, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Mitáš
- Institute of Active Lifestyle, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Vorlíček
- Institute of Active Lifestyle, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Dygrýn
- Institute of Active Lifestyle, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Suchomel
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Science, Humanities and Education, Technical University of Liberec, Liberec, Czech Republic
| | - Justin J Lang
- Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Grant R Tomkinson
- Department of Education, Health and Behavior Studies, College of Education and Human Development, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, United States
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Volpato LA, Costa JC, Lopes WA, Sasaki JE, Romanzini CLP, Ronque ERV, Romanzini M. Time Reallocations From Sedentary Behavior to Physical Activity and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review. J Phys Act Health 2023; 20:1084-1091. [PMID: 37704195 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2022-0471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent statistical approaches have allowed consideration of the integrated relationships between sedentary behavior (SB) and physical activity (PA) with different health outcomes. The present paper aimed to systematically review the literature and synthesize evidence about associations between hypothetical reallocations from SB to different PA intensities and cardiovascular risk factors in youth. METHODS A systematic search of 8 databases was performed. Observational studies with a population of children and/or adolescents and based on statistical analysis that investigated the associations between time reallocations from SB to PA and cardiovascular risk factors were included. RESULTS Twenty-eight studies met the inclusion criteria. Level of evidence (derived from cross-sectional studies) indicated that the reallocation from SB to moderate to vigorous PA was beneficially associated with adiposity, cardiorespiratory fitness, and cardiometabolic biomarkers in youth. Reallocation from SB to light PA was not associated with the analyzed outcomes. Associations derived from longitudinal studies were mostly inconclusive. CONCLUSION Cardiovascular risk factors could be improved by increasing moderate to vigorous PA at the expense of time spent in SB in pediatric populations. Prospective studies or studies investigating the effects of reallocating sedentary bouts to PA are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Alex Volpato
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health, Center of Physical Education and Sports, State University of Londrina-UEL, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Julio Cesar Costa
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health, Center of Physical Education and Sports, State University of Londrina-UEL, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Wendell Arthur Lopes
- Department of Physical Education, Health Sciences Center, State University of Maringá-UEM, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Jeffer Eidi Sasaki
- Department of Sports Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Catiana Leila Possamai Romanzini
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health, Center of Physical Education and Sports, State University of Londrina-UEL, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Enio Ricardo Vaz Ronque
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health, Center of Physical Education and Sports, State University of Londrina-UEL, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Romanzini
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health, Center of Physical Education and Sports, State University of Londrina-UEL, Londrina, PR, Brazil
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24
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Lehnhard AR, Sehn AP, de Castro Silveira JF, Burns RD, Reuter CP, Franke SIR. Longitudinal relationship between screen time, cardiorespiratory fitness, and waist circumference of children and adolescents: a 3-year cohort study. BMC Pediatr 2023; 23:553. [PMID: 37925397 PMCID: PMC10625187 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-023-04378-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to examine the interaction between screen time and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in their longitudinal association with waist circumference (WC) during a follow-up of 3 years from childhood to adolescence. METHODS Observational 3-year longitudinal study with 401 students (224 females), seven to 15 years of age at baseline. The CRF was evaluated by estimating peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) from an indirect field-based test and body mass index. Screen time was assessed using self-reported questionnaires. Moderation analyses were tested using a multiple linear regression model with adjustments for sex, age, puberty stage, and ethnicity. RESULTS A statistically significant interaction term was observed (B = -0.0003; 95% CI: -0.007; -0.0001). Since screen time was contextualized as the independent variable, the results show that relationship between screen time and WC varies across different CRF levels. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that higher CRF can attenuate the harmful association that increased sedentary behavior might have on abdominal adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Rosso Lehnhard
- Graduate Program in Health Promotion, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Sehn
- Graduate Program in Health Promotion, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Ryan Donald Burns
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA
| | - Cézane Priscila Reuter
- Graduate Program in Health Promotion, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Silvia Isabel Rech Franke
- Graduate Program in Health Promotion, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil.
- Health Promotion, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, Independência Av, 2293 - Universitário, Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, 96815-900, Brazil.
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25
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García-Hermoso A, Ezzatvar Y, López-Gil JF. Association Between Daily Physical Education Attendance and Meeting 24-Hour Movement Guidelines in Adolescence and Adulthood. J Adolesc Health 2023; 73:896-902. [PMID: 37610389 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2023.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the relationship between participation in physical education lessons (PELs), i.e., minutes or frequency per week, and meeting the 24-hour movement guidelines (i.e., physical activity, screen time, and sleep duration) during adolescence (12-17 years old) and adulthood (33-39 years old). METHODS We analyzed data from individuals who participated in Waves I (1994-1995) and V (2016-2018) of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. We determined total weekly minutes of PELs and PELs participation by asking how many days adolescents attended PELs in an average week at school, with three possible responses as follows: 0, 1-4, or 5 days/week. Movement behaviors were assessed through self-completed questionnaires in both waves. RESULTS Daily PELs participation during adolescence was related to higher odds of meeting five of more weekly sessions of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and all three guidelines in both sexes compared with adolescents who reported no days of PELs per week (men: incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 1.70, 95% CI 1.02-3.12; women: IRR = 3.81, 95% CI 1.65-8.77). Additionally, each additional weekly hour of PELs increased the likelihood of meeting all three recommendations (men: IRR = 1.11, 95% CI 1.05-1.35; women: IRR = 1.67, 95% CI 1.27-2.24). During adulthood, daily PELs was also related to a higher likelihood of meeting all three recommendations in both sexes (men: IRR = 1.04, 95% CI 1.01-1.07; women: IRR = 1.07, 95% CI 1.00-1.11). Each additional weekly hour of PELs increased the odds of meeting all three recommendations (men: IRR = 1.02, 95% CI 1.01-1.05; women: IRR = 1.03, 95% CI 1.01-1.06). DISCUSSION Daily PELs attendance was linked to healthy movement behaviors during adolescence, and these benefits could extend into adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio García-Hermoso
- Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Yasmin Ezzatvar
- Department of Nursing, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - José Francisco López-Gil
- Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain; Department of Environmental Health, Harvard University T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; One Health Research Group, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
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26
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Burns RD, Byun W, Bai Y, de Castro Silveira JF, Reuter CP. Dose-response associations of Monitor-Independent Movement Summary with health-related fitness in youth. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2023; 33:2286-2298. [PMID: 37403707 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the dose-response associations between Monitor-Independent Movement Summary (MIMS) units and health-related fitness in youth. The sample comprised US children and adolescents who participated in the 2012 National Youth Fitness Survey (NNYFS; N = 1158, 48.9% female). Health-related fitness domains were assessed using tests of cardiorespiratory endurance (timed maximal and graded treadmill tests), muscular strength (modified pull-up and grip tests), and muscular endurance (plank test). Movement data were collected using wrist-worn ActiGraph accelerometers with raw data processed using MIMS and the calculated metrics of average MIMS/day, Peak 60-min MIMS, and Peak 30-min MIMS. Weighted regression models examined linear associations between MIMS metrics and fitness test scores. Nonlinear associations were examined using weighted spline models with knots placed at the 10th, 50th, and 90th percentiles. Models were adjusted for covariates and fit was examined using the coefficient of determination (R2 ). The strongest adjusted linear relationships included a positive association between MIMS/day (per every 1000 units) and maximal endurance times (b = 5.5 s, p < 0.001) and between Peak 60-min MIMS (per every 10 units) and estimated aerobic capacity (b = 1.7 mL/kg/min, p < 0.001), modified pull-ups (b = 0.7 reps, p < 0.001), and plank test scores (b = 5.0 s, p < 0.001). Linear spline models had slightly higher R2 values (R2 range = 16.9%-74.8%) compared to linear models (R2 range = 15.0%-74.5%). The relationship between MIMS metrics and fitness test scores was best modeled as piecewise linear functions. Although all MIMS metrics associated with cardiorespiratory endurance, Peak 60-min MIMS showed stronger associations with tests of muscular strength and endurance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Donald Burns
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Wonwoo Byun
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Yang Bai
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - João Francisco de Castro Silveira
- Graduate Program in Health Promotion, University of Santa Cruz do Sul (UNISC), Santa Cruz do Sul, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Human Movement Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Cézane Priscila Reuter
- Graduate Program in Health Promotion, University of Santa Cruz do Sul (UNISC), Santa Cruz do Sul, Brazil
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Martinez-Zamora MD, Valenzuela PL, Esteban Díez I, Martínez-de-Quel Ó. Influence of preterm birth on physical fitness in early childhood. Eur J Sport Sci 2023; 23:2129-2138. [PMID: 37093663 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2023.2207082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that preterm birth is associated with an impaired physical fitness later in life, but whether these effects are already visible since early childhood remains unknown. We aimed to compare the physical fitness of preterm preschoolers with that of children born at term. Children aged three to six years and born preterm (<35 weeks) were recruited from a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, and children born at term (>37 weeks) were included as controls. A variety of physical fitness indicators (strength, cardiorespiratory fitness, agility, flexibility and balance) were assessed with the PREFIT battery and the adapted sit and reach test. Physical activity levels were measured through the PrePAQ questionnaire. A total of 98 preterm children (gestational age 32.4 ± 2.3 weeks, age 5.1 ± 0.8 years) and 74 controls (gestational age 39.9 ± 1.0 weeks, age 4.8 ± 0.9 years) were analysed. Despite no significant differences in physical activity levels (p > 0.05), preterm children showed an overall poorer physical fitness compared to controls. Specifically, preterm children had an impaired handgrip strength (-13.95%, p < 0.001), lower-limb muscle strength (-12.67%, p = 0.003), agility (-14.9%, p = 0.001), cardiorespiratory fitness (-12.73% p = 0.005) and flexibility (-17.04%, p = 0.001) compared to controls. An inverse dose-response association was observed between the level of prematurity and physical fitness, with very preterm children (gestational age ≤32 weeks) presenting the poorest fitness levels. In summary, prematurity seems to impair physical fitness since early childhood, which might support the need for promoting preventive strategies (e.g. fitness monitoring and applying exercise interventions).Highlights Preterm children present an impaired physical fitness compared with peers born at term since early childhood (3-6 years), as reflected by lower muscle strength, agility, flexibility and cardiorespiratory fitness.A greater impairment of physical fitness in observed in children born very preterm (≤32 weeks of gestation).These findings might support the implementation of preventive strategies (e.g. fitness monitoring and exercise training) in preterm children since early childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pedro L Valenzuela
- Physical Activity and Health Research Group (PaHerg), Research Institute of Hospital 12 de Octubre ('i+12'), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Systems Biology, University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | - Inés Esteban Díez
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, San Pedro Hospital Rioja Salud, Logroño, Spain
| | - Óscar Martínez-de-Quel
- Faculty of Education, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Faculty of Sciences for Physical Activity and Sport (INEF), Polytechnic University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Havnen A, Zotcheva E, Bjerkeset O, Sui X, Ernstsen L. Cardiorespiratory fitness and incident use of anxiolytics and antidepressants in adults. A linkage study between HUNT and the Norwegian Prescription Database. J Affect Disord 2023; 339:111-117. [PMID: 37437717 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated the association between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and incident use of antidepressants or anxiolytics in the general adult population. METHODS A non-exercise prediction model was used to estimate CRF in 32,603 participants in the third wave of the Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT3; 2006-08). Data on first purchase of antidepressants and anxiolytics were obtained from the Norwegian Prescription Database. Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs). RESULTS Each 1- metabolic equivalent of task (MET) increase in CRF was associated with 4 % reduced risk of purchasing antidepressant or anxiolytic medication during follow-up (HR 0.96, 95 % Confidence interval [CI] 0.94-0.98). Compared to the low CRF tertile, participants in intermediate (HR 0.93, 95 % CI 0.87-0.98) and high (HR 0.92, 95 % CI 0.86-0.98) CRF tertiles had reduced risk of medication purchase. Men in intermediate and high CRF tertile had lower risk of medication purchase (intermediate HR 0.87, 95 % CI 0.79-0.96; high HR 0.87, 95 % CI 0.78-0.96). Intermediate and high CRF tertiles were associated with reduced risk of medication use for younger adults (20 to <30 years old; intermediate HR 0.74, 95 % CI 0.61-0.91, high HR 0.78, 95 % CI 0.64-0.95) and middle-aged adults (30 to <65 years old; intermediate HR 0.90, 95 % CI 0.83-0.97, high HR 0.90, 95 % CI 0.84-0.98), but not in older adults (≥65 years old). LIMITATIONS Only information about medication purchase and not actual use was available. CONCLUSION Increased CRF is associated with reduced risk of anxiolytics and antidepressants purchase, with stronger effects for men and younger adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audun Havnen
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway; Division of Psychiatry, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Ekaterina Zotcheva
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway; Department of Physical Health and Ageing, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Norway
| | - Ottar Bjerkeset
- Faculty of Nursing and Health Sciences, Nord University, Levanger, Norway; Department of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norway
| | - Xuemei Sui
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Linda Ernstsen
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway
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Hanssen H, Moholdt T, Bahls M, Biffi A, Siegrist M, Lewandowski AJ, Biondi-Zoccai G, Cavarretta E, Kokkvoll A, Løchen ML, Maestrini V, Pinto RS, Palermi S, Thivel D, Wojcik M, Hansen D, Van Craenenbroeck EM, Weghuber D, Kraenkel N, Tiberi M. Lifestyle interventions to change trajectories of obesity-related cardiovascular risk from childhood onset to manifestation in adulthood: a joint scientific statement of the task force for childhood health of the European Association of Preventive Cardiology and the European Childhood Obesity Group. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2023; 30:1462-1472. [PMID: 37491406 DOI: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwad152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
There is an immediate need to optimize cardiovascular (CV) risk management and primary prevention of childhood obesity to timely and more effectively combat the health hazard and socioeconomic burden of CV disease from childhood development to adulthood manifestation. Optimizing screening programs and risk management strategies for obesity-related CV risk in childhood has high potential to change disease trajectories into adulthood. Building on a holistic view on the aetiology of childhood obesity, this document reviews current concepts in primary prevention and risk management strategies by lifestyle interventions. As an additional objective, this scientific statement addresses the high potential for reversibility of CV risk in childhood and comments on the use of modern surrogate markers beyond monitoring weight and body composition. This scientific statement also highlights the clinical importance of quantifying CV risk trajectories and discusses the remaining research gaps and challenges to better promote childhood health in a population-based approach. Finally, this document provides an overview on the lessons to be learned from the presented evidence and identifies key barriers to be targeted by researchers, clinicians, and policymakers to put into practice more effective primary prevention strategies for childhood obesity early in life to combat the burden of CV disease later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henner Hanssen
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Medical Faculty, University of Basel, Grosse Allee 6, 4052 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Trine Moholdt
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Women's Clinic, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Martin Bahls
- Department of Internal Medicine B University Medicine Greifswald, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Alessandro Biffi
- Med-Ex Medicine & Exercise, Medical Partner Scuderia Ferrari, Rome, Italy
| | - Monika Siegrist
- Department of Prevention and Sports Medicine, School of Medicine, University Hospital 'rechts der Isar', Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Adam J Lewandowski
- Oxford Cardiovascular Clinical Research Facility, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Giuseppe Biondi-Zoccai
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
- Mediterranea Cardiocentro, Napoli, Italy
| | - Elena Cavarretta
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
- Mediterranea Cardiocentro, Napoli, Italy
| | - Ane Kokkvoll
- Department of Paediatrics, Finnmark Hospital Trust, Hammerfest, Norway
| | - Maja-Lisa Løchen
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Viviana Maestrini
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Palermi
- Med-Ex Medicine & Exercise, Medical Partner Scuderia Ferrari, Rome, Italy
| | - David Thivel
- Laboratory of the Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise under Physiological and Pathological Conditions, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Malgorzata Wojcik
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Endocrinology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Dominique Hansen
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Centre Hasselt, Jessa Hospital, Hasselt, Belgium
- UHasselt, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, BIOMED-REVAL-Rehabilitation Research Centre, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Emeline M Van Craenenbroeck
- Research Group Cardiovascular Diseases, GENCOR Department, University of Antwerp, Campus Drie Eiken, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Cardiology, Antwerp University Hospital (UZA), Edegem, Belgium
| | - Daniel Weghuber
- Obesity Research Unit, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Department of Pediatrics, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Nicolle Kraenkel
- Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité (DHZC), Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care, Campus Benjamin-Franklin (CBF), Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Berlin, Germany
- Friede Springer- Cardiovascular Prevention Center @ Charité, Charite- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Monica Tiberi
- Department of Public Health, Azienda Sanitaria Unica Regionale Marche AV 1, Pesaro, Italy
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Plaza-Florido A, Rodriguez-Ayllon M, Altmäe S, Ortega FB, Esteban-Cornejo I. Cardiorespiratory fitness and targeted proteomics involved in brain and cardiovascular health in children with overweight/obesity. Eur J Sport Sci 2023; 23:2076-2085. [PMID: 36622372 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2023.2167237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is inversely associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and brain health impairments. However, the molecular mechanisms linking CRF to health in children are poorly understood. We aimed to examine protein levels related to brain health and CVD in plasma of fit compared to unfit children with overweight/obesity (OW/OB). Eighty-seven children with OW/OB (10.08 ± 1.1 years, 59% boys) from the ActiveBrains project were included. CRF was measured by performing a treadmill test, and children were categorized into fit or unfit. Targeted proteomics in plasma was performed using Olink's proximity extension assay technology of Neurology panel in the whole sample and of Cardiovascular panel in a subsample. Sixteen proteins (PLXNB3, sFRP3, CLEC1B, RSPO1, Gal8, CLEC10A, GCP5, MDGA1, CTSC, LAT, IL4RA, PRSS27, CXCL1, Gal9, MERTK, and GT) were differentially expressed between fit and unfit children with OW/OB after adjusting for sex, maturational status, and body mass index. However, statistically significant differences disappeared after applying FDR correction. Potential candidate proteins related to CRF levels in children with OW/OB were detected, being involved in several biological processes such as neurogenesis, immune/inflammatory response, signal transduction, platelet activation. Nevertheless, these preliminary findings should be confirmed or contrasted in future studies using larger sample sizes, longitudinal and experimental designs.HighlightsThe molecular mechanisms underlying the link of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) with cardiovascular and brain health in children with overweight/obesity (OW/OB) are poorly understood.Targeted proteomic analysis revealed differentially expressed proteins (PLXNB3, sFRP3, CLEC1B, RSPO1, Gal8, CLEC10A, GCP5, MDGA1, CTSC, LAT, IL4RA, PRSS27, CXCL1, Gal9, MERTK, and GT) in plasma of "Fit" compared to "Unfit" children with OW/OB. These proteins are involved in several biological processes such as immune/inflammatory response, neurogenesis, signal transduction, and cellular metabolic process.Longitudinal and experimental studies are warranted to reveal how improvements in CRF are related to changes in circulating levels of the abovementioned proteins and how they might reduce cardiovascular diseases risk factors and brain health impairments later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abel Plaza-Florido
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Department of Physical and Sports Education; Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Granada, Spain
- Pediatric Exercise and Genomics Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, USA
| | - Maria Rodriguez-Ayllon
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Signe Altmäe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, and Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Francisco B Ortega
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Department of Physical and Sports Education; Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Granada, Spain
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
- CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Granada, Spain
| | - Irene Esteban-Cornejo
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Department of Physical and Sports Education; Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Granada, Spain
- CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Granada, Spain
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Zadarko-Domaradzka M, Sobolewski M, Zadarko E. Comparison of Several Anthropometric Indices Related to Body Fat in Predicting Cardiorespiratory Fitness in School-Aged Children-A Single-Center Cross-Sectional Study. J Clin Med 2023; 12:6226. [PMID: 37834868 PMCID: PMC10573168 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12196226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Body fat (BF) and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) are important health markers that ought to be considered in screening exams. The aim of this study was to assess the value of six indicators, i.e., tri-ponderal mass index (TMI), relative fat mass (RFM), waist-BMI ratio, waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and body mass index (BMI) in predicting CRF in school-aged children. The analysis was based on the data coming from the examination of 190 children participating in school physical education (PE) classes. Their body weight (BW) and height (BH), waist and hip circumference (WC; HC) and percentage of body fat (%BF) were measured; the CRF test was performed with the use of the 20 m shuttle run test (20 mSRT); peak heart rate (HRpeak) was measured; TMI, relative fat mass pediatric (RFMp), waist-BMI ratio, WHtR, BMI and WHR were calculated. Statistical analysis was mainly conducted using regression models. The developed regression models, with respect to the sex and age of the children, revealed RFMp as the strongest CRF indicator (R2 = 51.1%) and WHR as well as waist-BMI ratio as the weakest ones (R2 = 39.2% and R2 = 40.5%, respectively). In predicting CRF in school-aged children, RFMp turned out to be comparable to body fat percentage obtained by means of the bioimpedance analysis (BIA) (R2 = 50.3%), and as such it can be used as a simple screening measure in prophylactic exams of school children. All of these models were statistically significant (p < 0.001).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Zadarko-Domaradzka
- Institute of Physical Culture Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, Rzeszow University, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland;
| | - Marek Sobolewski
- Department of Quantitative Methods Rzeszow, University of Technology, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland;
| | - Emilian Zadarko
- Institute of Physical Culture Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, Rzeszow University, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland;
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Kolunsarka I, Gråstèn A, Stodden D, Huhtiniemi M, Jaakkola T. Impact of Motor Competence Profiles on Adolescents' Physical Activity and Cardiorespiratory Fitness across Four Years. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2023; 55:1610-1619. [PMID: 37093949 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Physical activity levels have decreased over past decades with most adolescents neither meeting the current physical activity recommendations nor demonstrating adequate cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). Motor competence (MC) is foundational for a physically active lifestyle; however, children demonstrate significant differences in their levels of MC in a broad foundation of movement skills. This study investigated developmental patterns of physical activity and CRF in children across 4 yr based on their longitudinal MC profiles. METHODS The data included annual measurements of MC, accelerometry-measured moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and CRF over 4 yr from the age 11 to 15 ( n = 1147, girls 582, boys 565). Latent profile analysis was used to identify longitudinal MC profiles and latent growth curve modeling to examine intercepts and slopes (s) of MVPA and CRF in these MC profiles. RESULTS Three different longitudinal MC profiles were identified: low, moderate, and high. The MC profiles showed significant differences in intercepts of CRF and MVPA. The high MC profile showed the highest intercepts for both, but also a statistically significant decline in MVPA over time (s = -3.36, P < 0.001). Cardiorespiratory fitness increased similarly in all three profiles over time: low (s = 1.20, P < 0.01), moderate (s = 1.28, P < 0.001), high (s = 2.21, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS These results highlight the long-term associations between different MC profiles and development of MVPA and CRF. Adolescents with lower MC demonstrated lower levels of MVPA and CRF, indicating decreased participation in physical activities that can optimally enhance CRF. However, significant differences in MVPA levels between MC profiles faded over time in adolescence, whereas significant differences in CRF remained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iiris Kolunsarka
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, FINLAND
| | | | - David Stodden
- College of Education, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | - Mikko Huhtiniemi
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, FINLAND
| | - Timo Jaakkola
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, FINLAND
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Supramaniam N, Zanudin A, Azmi NA. Body Mass Index, Physical Activity, Cardiorespiratory Endurance and Quality of Life among Children with Physical Disabilities. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1465. [PMID: 37761426 PMCID: PMC10527673 DOI: 10.3390/children10091465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with physical disabilities (PD) have reduced levels of physical activity (PA) compared to typically developing children, which increases their risk of becoming overweight and obese, which leads to numerous adverse health consequences. This study aimed to determine the differences between groups classified by body mass index (BMI) percentile in terms of PA levels, cardiorespiratory endurance and quality of life (QoL), and also to evaluate the relationship between BMI percentile and PA levels, cardiorespiratory endurance and QoL in children and adolescents with physical disabilities. METHODS A total of 172 children and adolescents with PD aged between 5 and 17 years from Hospital Tunku Azizah were included in this cross-sectional study. The BMI percentile was calculated to determine the weight status. PA levels were assessed with the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children (PAQ-C), cardiorespiratory endurance was measured by the Six-Minute Walk Test (6MWT) and QoL was measured by the Paediatric Quality of Life Inventory version 2.0 (PedsQL 2.0). RESULTS According to the BMI percentile, 70.3% had a healthy BMI percentile (50th to 84th percentile), 11.6% were overweight (50th to 84th percentile), 11% were underweight (0-49th percentile) and 7.0% were obese (95th percentile and above). Most children reported a healthy weight, and the rates of being overweight and obese were higher in children who could ambulate without aids (6.4% and 3.5%, respectively) compared to those who used walking aids (5.2% and 3.5%, respectively). Significant differences were found in the PAQ-C, 6MWT and PedsQL 2.0 scores between different BMI percentile groups (p < 0.05). There were also significant correlations between the BMI percentile and the PAQ-C (r = 0.209, p < 0.001), 6MWT (r = 0.217, p < 0.001) and PedsQL 2.0 (r = 0.189, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION The rate of being overweight and obese is greater among children who ambulate without aids than among those with aids. An increase in the BMI percentile can reduce the QoL in different ways. This study suggests that children with PD who can walk without aids are at a greater risk of being overweight and obese. Hence, the engagement of this population in PA is crucial for their weight management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimale Supramaniam
- Physiotherapy Program, Centre for Rehabilitation and Special Needs Studies, Faculty of Health Science, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.S.); (A.Z.)
- Physiotherapy Unit, Hospital Tuanku Ampuan Najihah Kuala Pilah, Kuala Pilah 72000, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Asfarina Zanudin
- Physiotherapy Program, Centre for Rehabilitation and Special Needs Studies, Faculty of Health Science, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.S.); (A.Z.)
| | - Nor Azura Azmi
- Physiotherapy Program, Centre for Rehabilitation and Special Needs Studies, Faculty of Health Science, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.S.); (A.Z.)
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Legarra-Gorgoñon G, García-Alonso Y, Ramírez-Vélez R, Erice-Echegaray B, Izquierdo M, Alonso-Martínez AM. Associations between basic motor competencies and physical fitness in Spanish pre-schoolers: a cross-sectional study. Ital J Pediatr 2023; 49:97. [PMID: 37568238 PMCID: PMC10422786 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-023-01504-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Basic motor competencies (BMC) play a vital role in child development and are a primary focus of physical education. However, there is a lack of research on BMC in preschool-aged children, making this study particularly significant. The present study aims to examine the relationship between BMC and physical fitness components in Spanish preschool children. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted on 101 children (n = 52 boys, average age of 4.80 years) living in Pamplona, North Spain. Components of physical fitness (handgrip strength, standing long jump, speed-agility, and cardiorespiratory fitness) were assessed using the PREFIT Battery. Overall physical fitness was computed from the four selected fitness components separately for boys and girls. Higher z-scores values in physical fitness indicate better fitness performance. To assess BMC, the MOBAK KG test battery was applied (subscales of object control and self-movement). Sex, age, and body mass index were used as main confounders. RESULTS After adjustment for confounding factors, the BMC was positively associated with single (z-scores) components and overall physical fitness sum of z-scores (R2 from 0.178 to 0.469, all P-values < 0.05). Additional percentile scores weakened the associations, but they still remained significant (R2 from 0.146 to 0.337, all P-values < 0.05). Compared with participants in the lowest tertile, those in the highest tertile of the MOBAK KG sum score, and in both object movement and self-movement test subscales had significantly higher scores in single fitness component (z-scores or percentile) and overall physical fitness sum of z-scores (all P for trend < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our results revealed that higher BMC is associated with better physical fitness in Spanish preschool children. The findings emphasize the crucial role that basic motor competence plays in promoting physical activity in preschool children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaizka Legarra-Gorgoñon
- Department of Health Sciences, Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Avenida de Barañain S/N, Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Yesenia García-Alonso
- Department of Health Sciences, Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Avenida de Barañain S/N, Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Robinson Ramírez-Vélez
- Department of Health Sciences, Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Avenida de Barañain S/N, Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Blanca Erice-Echegaray
- Department of Health Sciences, Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Avenida de Barañain S/N, Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Mikel Izquierdo
- Department of Health Sciences, Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Avenida de Barañain S/N, Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicia M Alonso-Martínez
- Department of Health Sciences, Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Avenida de Barañain S/N, Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.
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Kato Y, Shigehara K, Nakagawa T, Kawaguchi S, Izumi K, Kadono Y, Mizokami A. Relation between athletic club affiliation from school age and future serum free testosterone levels in Japan: A cross-sectional study. Health Sci Rep 2023; 6:e1496. [PMID: 37599654 PMCID: PMC10435685 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Testosterone deficiency is often related to geriatric syndrome including erectile dysfunction, osteo-porosis, depression, cognitive impairment, cardiovascular diseases and frailty. Despite the existence of many studies on short-term exercise and serum testosterone levels, few research have focused on exercise habits from young age and testosterone values in middle-aged male. In this study, we investigated whether belonging to an athletic club from school age could predict serum-free testosterone (FT) levels. Methods The subjects were 1609 middle-aged male outpatients aged 40 years or older (median: 61 years, interquartile range: 54-69) who visited our hospital. Participants had their FT values measured in the morning hours during the period from December 2007 to June 2009. A questionnaire survey on exercise habits was conducted at the same time as the measurements. The exercise habit questionnaire was created based on whether the patients belonged to an athletic club in (a) elementary school, (b) junior high school, (c) high school, (d) college, (e) adult life, and (f) at the time of the test. Results There was only one positive response to the questionnaire among 456 patients (28% of total), followed by zero for 358 patients (22% of total). The number of patients with low-testosterone levels (FT < 8.5 pg/mL) according to the Japanese diagnostic criteria for late-onset of hypogonadism was 839 (52.1%). In multivariate analysis, it was shown that with low-testosterone levels (FT < 8.5 pg/mL), age (odds ratio [OR]: 1.065, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.052-1.079; p < 0.001), hypertension (OR: 3.489, 95% CI: 2.728-4.462; p < 0.001), type-2 diabetes (OR: 3.035, 95% CI: 2.296-4.01; p < 0.001), and dyslipidemia (OR: 2.039, 95% CI: 1.558-2.668; p < 0.001) were risk factors, and more than two positive responses to the questionnaire (OR: 0.886, 95% CI: 0.802-0.980; p = 0.018) were also a significant independent factor. Conclusion A sports club membership during school years may affect future testosterone levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Kato
- Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and UrologyKanazawa University Graduate School of Medical ScienceKanazawaJapan
- Depatment of UrologyWajima Municipal hospitalWajimaJapan
| | - Kazuyoshi Shigehara
- Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and UrologyKanazawa University Graduate School of Medical ScienceKanazawaJapan
- Depatment of UrologyWajima Municipal hospitalWajimaJapan
| | - Tomomi Nakagawa
- Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and UrologyKanazawa University Graduate School of Medical ScienceKanazawaJapan
| | - Shohei Kawaguchi
- Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and UrologyKanazawa University Graduate School of Medical ScienceKanazawaJapan
| | - Kouji Izumi
- Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and UrologyKanazawa University Graduate School of Medical ScienceKanazawaJapan
| | - Yoshifumi Kadono
- Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and UrologyKanazawa University Graduate School of Medical ScienceKanazawaJapan
| | - Atsushi Mizokami
- Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and UrologyKanazawa University Graduate School of Medical ScienceKanazawaJapan
- Depatment of UrologyWajima Municipal hospitalWajimaJapan
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La Grasta Sabolic L, Pozgaj Sepec M, Valent Moric B, Cigrovski Berkovic M. Association between cardiorespiratory fitness level and insulin resistance in adolescents with various obesity categories. World J Diabetes 2023; 14:1126-1136. [PMID: 37547583 PMCID: PMC10401457 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v14.i7.1126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An association between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and insulin resistance in obese adolescents, especially in those with various obesity categories, has not been systematically studied. There is a lack of knowledge about the effects of CRF on insulin resistance in severely obese adolescents, despite their continuous rise.
AIM To investigate the association between CRF and insulin resistance in obese adolescents, with special emphasis on severely obese adolescents.
METHODS We performed a prospective, cross-sectional study that included 200 pubertal adolescents, 10 years to 18 years of age, who were referred to a tertiary care center due to obesity. According to body mass index (BMI), adolescents were classified as mildly obese (BMI 100% to 120% of the 95th percentile for age and sex) or severely obese (BMI ≥ 120% of the 95th percentile for age and sex or ≥ 35 kg/m2, whichever was lower). Participant body composition was assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis. A homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated. Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) was determined from submaximal treadmill exercise test. CRF was expressed as VO2max scaled by total body weight (TBW) (mL/min/kg TBW) or by fat free mass (FFM) (mL/min/kg FFM), and then categorized as poor, intermediate, or good, according to VO2max terciles. Data were analyzed by statistical software package SPSS (IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 24.0). P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
RESULTS A weak negative correlation between CRF and HOMA-IR was found [Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient (rs) = -0.28, P < 0.01 for CRFTBW; (rs) = -0.21, P < 0.01 for CRFFFM]. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed a significant main effect of CRF on HOMA-IR [F(2200) = 6.840, P = 0.001 for CRFTBW; F(2200) = 3.883, P = 0.022 for CRFFFM]. Subsequent analyses showed that obese adolescents with poor CRF had higher HOMA-IR than obese adolescents with good CRF (P = 0.001 for CRFTBW; P = 0.018 for CRFFFM). Two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni correction confirmed significant effect of interaction of CRF level and obesity category on HOMA-IR [F(2200) = 3.292, P = 0.039 for CRFTBW]. Severely obese adolescents had higher HOMA-IR than those who were mildly obese, with either good or poor CRF. However, HOMA-IR did not differ between severely obese adolescents with good and mildly obese adolescents with poor CRF.
CONCLUSION CRF is an important determinant of insulin resistance in obese adolescents, regardless of obesity category. Therefore, CRF assessment should be a part of diagnostic procedure, and its improvement should be a therapeutic goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavinia La Grasta Sabolic
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, University Hospital Centre Sestre milosrdnice, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- School of Medicine, Catholic University, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Marija Pozgaj Sepec
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, University Hospital Centre Sestre milosrdnice, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Bernardica Valent Moric
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, University Hospital Centre Sestre milosrdnice, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Maja Cigrovski Berkovic
- Department for Sport and Exercise Medicine, Faculty of Kinesiology University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
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de Castro Silveira JF, Sehn AP, da Silva L, Gaya AR, Lima RA, Burns RD, Andersen LB, Renner JDP, Reuter CP. The stability of cardiometabolic risk factors clustering in children and adolescents: a 2-year longitudinal study. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2023; 22:529-538. [PMID: 37255777 PMCID: PMC10225448 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-022-01174-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Objective The present study aims to verify the odds of remaining with the clustering of 3 or more, 4 or more, and 5 or more risk factors across a 2-year time span. Methods Observational longitudinal study that included 358 children and adolescents (10.96 ± 2.28 years of age at baseline). Cardiorespiratory fitness, glucose, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, triglycerides, and waist circumference were assessed. The number of children in whom the risk factors were not independently distributed was analyzed. Odds ratios of presenting n risk factors clustered at follow-up according to the number of risk factors observed at baseline were calculated. Results More participants than expected were found presenting clustering of 4 or more and 5 or more risk factors at both baseline (11.7% and 5.6%, respectively) and follow-up (9.5% and 5.6%, respectively). The odds ratios calculated demonstrated that the odds of presenting the same number of risk factors clustered or more at follow-up increased according to the number of risk factors clustered at baseline. Conclusion The higher the number of risk factors a child had at baseline, the higher the odds of presenting the same number of risk factors or more after two years of follow-up. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40200-022-01174-1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Paula Sehn
- Graduation Program in Health Promotion, University of Santa Cruz do Sul (UNISC), Santa Cruz do Sul, RS Brazil
| | - Luiza da Silva
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Santa Cruz do Sul (UNISC), Santa Cruz do Sul, RS Brazil
| | - Anelise Reis Gaya
- Graduation Program in Human Movement Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Antunes Lima
- Research, Innovation and Teaching Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Research Group on Lifestyles and Health, University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE Brazil
| | - Ryan Donald Burns
- Department of Health, Kinesiology, and Recreation, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT USA
| | - Lars Bo Andersen
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jane Dagmar Pollo Renner
- Graduation Program in Health Promotion, University of Santa Cruz do Sul (UNISC), Santa Cruz do Sul, RS Brazil
| | - Cézane Priscila Reuter
- Graduation Program in Health Promotion, University of Santa Cruz do Sul (UNISC), Santa Cruz do Sul, RS Brazil
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38
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Wu CY, Liang LL, Ho HJ, Hsu CT, Hsu HT, Ao CK, Wu CY, Lin YH, Chuang YF, Hsu YC, Chen YJ, Ng SC. Physical Fitness and Inflammatory Bowel Disease Risk Among Children and Adolescents in Taiwan. JAMA Pediatr 2023; 177:608-616. [PMID: 37126317 PMCID: PMC10152374 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2023.0929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Importance The incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is increasing in newly industrialized countries but disease etiologies remain unclear. Objective To investigate the association between physical fitness and subsequent IBD risk among children and adolescents in Taiwan. Design, Setting, and Participants This nationwide cohort study was conducted between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2018. Data sources included the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database, the National Student Fitness Tests Database, and the Air Quality Monitoring System Database. This study included students who were aged 10 years, completed physical fitness tests between grades 4 and 13, and had at least 1 year of follow-up. Data analysis was last performed on January 15, 2023. Exposures Physical fitness tests included cardiorespiratory endurance (CE; number of minutes to complete an 800-m run), musculoskeletal endurance (ME; number of bent-leg curl-ups in 1 minute), musculoskeletal power (MP; standing broad jump distance), and flexibility fitness (FF; 2-leg sit-and-reach distance). Main Outcomes and Measures Subsequent risk of IBD was compared among students based on physical fitness test results. Six-year cumulative incidences and hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated after adjusting for competing mortality. Performance was reported in quantiles, ranging from 1 (best) to 4 (poorest). Results There were 4 552 866 students who completed physical fitness tests between grades 4 and 13; among these students, 1 393 641 were aged 10 years and were included in the analysis. Six-year cumulative incidence of IBD risk was lowest among students in the best-performing quantile of CE (quantile 1, 0.74% [95% CI, 0.63%-0.86%]; P < .001), ME (0.77% [0.65%-0.90%]; P < .001), and MP (0.81% [0.68%-0.93%]; P = .005) compared with students in quantiles 2 through 4, respectively; however, no association was observed for quantiles of FF. After adjusting for competing HRs for mortality and other confounders, better CE was inversely associated with IBD risk (adjusted HR, 0.36 [95% CI, 0.17-0.75]; P = .007). Other measures of physical fitness were not independently associated with IBD risk. Conclusions and Relevance The results of this study suggest that CE was inversely associated with IBD risk among children and adolescents, but ME, MP, and FF were not independently associated with IBD risk. Future studies that explore the mechanisms are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Ying Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Health Innovation Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Microbiota Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Translational Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Li-Lin Liang
- Health Innovation Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu J. Ho
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Health Innovation Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Microbiota Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Te Hsu
- Department of Recreation and Sport Management, Shu-Te University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Tao Hsu
- Center for Physical and Health Education, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chon-Kit Ao
- Department of Economics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Yi Wu
- Health Innovation Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsian Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Health Innovation Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Microbiota Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Fang Chuang
- Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Chun Hsu
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ju Chen
- Health Innovation Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Post Baccalaureate Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Siew C. Ng
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Microbiota I-Center, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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39
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Ortega FB, Leskošek B, Blagus R, Gil-Cosano JJ, Mäestu J, Tomkinson GR, Ruiz JR, Mäestu E, Starc G, Milanovic I, Tammelin TH, Sorić M, Scheuer C, Carraro A, Kaj M, Csányi T, Sardinha LB, Lenoir M, Emeljanovas A, Mieziene B, Sidossis LS, Pihu M, Lovecchio N, Konstabel K, Tambalis KD, Štefan L, Drenowatz C, Rubín L, Gontarev S, Castro-Piñero J, Vanhelst J, O'Keeffe B, Veiga OL, Gisladottir T, Sandercock G, Misigoj-Durakovic M, Niessner C, Riso EM, Popovic S, Kuu S, Chinapaw M, Clavel I, Labayen I, Dobosz J, Colella D, Kriemler S, Salaj S, Noriega MJ, Bös K, Sánchez-López M, Lakka TA, Tabacchi G, Novak D, Ahrens W, Wedderkopp N, Jurak G. European fitness landscape for children and adolescents: updated reference values, fitness maps and country rankings based on nearly 8 million test results from 34 countries gathered by the FitBack network. Br J Sports Med 2023; 57:299-310. [PMID: 36623866 PMCID: PMC9985767 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2022-106176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES (1) To develop reference values for health-related fitness in European children and adolescents aged 6-18 years that are the foundation for the web-based, open-access and multilanguage fitness platform (FitBack); (2) to provide comparisons across European countries. METHODS This study builds on a previous large fitness reference study in European youth by (1) widening the age demographic, (2) identifying the most recent and representative country-level data and (3) including national data from existing fitness surveillance and monitoring systems. We used the Assessing Levels of PHysical Activity and fitness at population level (ALPHA) test battery as it comprises tests with the highest test-retest reliability, criterion/construct validity and health-related predictive validity: the 20 m shuttle run (cardiorespiratory fitness); handgrip strength and standing long jump (muscular strength); and body height, body mass, body mass index and waist circumference (anthropometry). Percentile values were obtained using the generalised additive models for location, scale and shape method. RESULTS A total of 7 966 693 test results from 34 countries (106 datasets) were used to develop sex-specific and age-specific percentile values. In addition, country-level rankings based on mean percentiles are provided for each fitness test, as well as an overall fitness ranking. Finally, an interactive fitness platform, including individual and group reporting and European fitness maps, is provided and freely available online (www.fitbackeurope.eu). CONCLUSION This study discusses the major implications of fitness assessment in youth from health, educational and sport perspectives, and how the FitBack reference values and interactive web-based platform contribute to it. Fitness testing can be conducted in school and/or sport settings, and the interpreted results be integrated in the healthcare systems across Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco B Ortega
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Department of Physical and Sports Education; Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Granada, Spain .,Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.,Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Bojan Leskošek
- Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Rok Blagus
- Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Institute for Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Medical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information technologies, University of Primorska, Glagoljaška, Slovenia
| | - José J Gil-Cosano
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Department of Physical and Sports Education; Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Granada, Spain.,Department of Communication and Education, Universidad Loyola Andalucía, Dos Hermanas, Spain
| | - Jarek Mäestu
- Institute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Grant R Tomkinson
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), UniSA Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jonatan R Ruiz
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Department of Physical and Sports Education; Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Granada, Spain.,Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs.Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Evelin Mäestu
- Institute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Gregor Starc
- Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ivana Milanovic
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tuija H Tammelin
- JAMK University of Applied Sciences, School of Health and Social Studies, LIKES, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Maroje Sorić
- Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,University of Zagreb, The Faculty of Kinesiology, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Claude Scheuer
- European Physical Education Association (EUPEA).,Department of Education and Social Work, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Attilio Carraro
- Faculty of Education, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Brixen, Italy
| | - Mónika Kaj
- Hungarian School Sport Federation, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Csányi
- Hungarian School Sport Federation, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Physical Education Theory and Methodology, Hungarian University of Sports Science, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Primary and Pre-School Education, ELTE, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Luis B Sardinha
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, 1499-002 Cruz-Quebrada, Portugal
| | - Matthieu Lenoir
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Arunas Emeljanovas
- Lithuanian Sports University, Department of Physical and Social Education, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Brigita Mieziene
- Lithuanian Sports University, Department of Physical and Social Education, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Labros S Sidossis
- Mediterranean Lifestyle Medicine Institute and Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, USA
| | - Maret Pihu
- Institute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Nicola Lovecchio
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy.,Confederation of Italian Associations of Physical Education Teachers (Capdi & LSM), Venezia, Italy
| | - Kenn Konstabel
- Department of Chronic Diseases, National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia.,Institute of Psychology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Konstantinos D Tambalis
- Harokopio University, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Athens, Greece.,National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Athens, Greece
| | - Lovro Štefan
- University of Zagreb, The Faculty of Kinesiology, Zagreb, Croatia.,Faculty of Sports Studies, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Recruitment and Examination (RECETOX), Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Clemens Drenowatz
- Division of Sport, Physical Activity and Health, University of Education Upper Austria, Linz, Austria
| | - Lukáš Rubín
- Institute of Active Lifestyle, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic.,Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Science, Humanities and Education, Technical University of Liberec, Liberec, Czech Republic
| | - Seryozha Gontarev
- Faculty of Physical Education, Sport and Health. Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
| | - José Castro-Piñero
- GALENO Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cadiz, Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain
| | - Jérémy Vanhelst
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Inserm U1153, Inrae U1125, Cnam, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Centre of Research in Epidemiology and Statistics - University of Paris Cité (CRESS), Bobigny, France
| | - Brendan O'Keeffe
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Oscar L Veiga
- EstiLIFE Research Group. Department of Physical Education, Sport and Human Movement, Faculty of Teaching Training and Education, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Thordis Gisladottir
- Center of Sport and Health Sciences, School of Education, University of Iceland, Reykjavik Iceland
| | - Gavin Sandercock
- School of Sport Rehabilitation and Exercise Science, University of Essex, Colchester, UK
| | | | - Claudia Niessner
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Riso
- Institute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Stevo Popovic
- University of Montenegro, Faculty for Sport and Physical Education, Niksic, Montenegro.,Western Balkan Sport Innovation Lab, Podgorica, Montenegro
| | - Saima Kuu
- Tallinn University, School of Natural Sciences and Health, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Mai Chinapaw
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam UMC, location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Iván Clavel
- Galician Sport Foundation, General Sport Secretariat, Galician Government, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Performance and Health Group, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of A Coruña, Coruña, Spain
| | - Idoia Labayen
- Research Institute for Innovation & Sustainable Food Chain Development, Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Janusz Dobosz
- Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dario Colella
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Susi Kriemler
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sanja Salaj
- University of Zagreb, The Faculty of Kinesiology, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maria Jose Noriega
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology University of Cantabria, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Klaus Bös
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Mairena Sánchez-López
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, Cuenca, Spain.,Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, School of Education, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Timo A Lakka
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, Finland.,Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.,Foundation for Research in Health Exercise and Nutrition, Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Garden Tabacchi
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Dario Novak
- University of Zagreb, The Faculty of Kinesiology, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Wolfgang Ahrens
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Niels Wedderkopp
- The Pediatric Research Unit, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Gregor Jurak
- Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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40
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Influence of Volume and Bouts of Sedentary Time and Physical Activity on School-Aged Youth's Physical Fitness: The UP & DOWN Longitudinal Study. J Phys Act Health 2023; 20:142-148. [PMID: 36630967 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2022-0406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to examine associations of total volume and bouts of sedentary time (ST) and moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) with physical fitness (PF) in youth. METHODS This was a 2-year follow-up study with 1418 children and adolescents (51.7% boys). Accelerometers were used to assess ST and MVPA. Cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness values were objectively measured and combined in a global PF variable. Weight status was objectively obtained. Linear regression analyses were used to examine the cross-sectional (using scores at baseline) and longitudinal associations (using the change in the variables) of total volume and bouts of ST and MVPA with PF. RESULTS Total ST was negatively associated with global PF (β = -0.488, P < .001 in cross-sectional analysis; β = -0.234, P = .003 in longitudinal analysis). However, this association was not independent of MVPA. Total volume of MVPA showed a positive association with global PF independently of ST and weight status (β = 0.285, P < .001 in cross-sectional analysis; β = 0.119, P = .001 in longitudinal analysis). Longitudinal associations found between ST and MVPA accumulated in bouts of various lengths and global PF became nonsignificant when their respective total volumes are included in the model. CONCLUSIONS These results underline the need to accumulate minutes of MVPA, regardless of the bout duration, to increase PF levels in youth.
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Clennin MN, Shull ER, Dowda M, Pate RR. Longitudinal Associations of Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Poverty With Academic Performance Among Youth. THE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH 2023; 93:115-122. [PMID: 36208133 DOI: 10.1111/josh.13251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) plays a significant role in health and academic performance in youth. The purpose of this study was to examine the longitudinal relationship between CRF and academic performance from fifth to eighth grade among a large, diverse, and state-wide cohort of students, and to determine the extent to which the relationship between change in CRF and academic performance is moderated by poverty status. METHODS CRF and academic performance data were obtained for a retrospective state-wide cohort of 11,013 students with baseline (fifth grade, school year 2015-2016) and follow-up (eighth grade, school year 2018-2019) data. Analysis of covariance was used to examine the association between changes in CRF over a 3-year follow-up period and eighth grade academic performance. RESULTS After adjusting for covariates, change in CRF and poverty status were positively and significantly associated with eighth grade academic performance. Poverty status did not significantly moderate the association between changes in CRF and academic performance. CONCLUSIONS Schools should prioritize evidence-based policies and programs that optimize students' access to high quantity and quality physical activity throughout the school day. Such efforts can improve and maintain student CRF and thus academic performance outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan N Clennin
- Institute of Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Colorado, Aurora, CO
| | | | - Marsha Dowda
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | - Russell R Pate
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
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Fraser BJ, Blizzard L, Rovio SP, Heinonen OJ, Niinikoski H, Viikari JSA, Rönnemaa T, Jula A, Raitakari OT, Magnussen CG, Pahkala K. Tracking of cardiorespiratory fitness and physical activity from youth to young adulthood: findings from the prospective Special Turku Coronary Risk Factor Intervention Project (STRIP). THE JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS: X 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympdx.2023.100085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
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Is cardiorespiratory fitness a moderator of the relationship between sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and insulin resistance in schoolchildren? Eur J Nutr 2023; 62:213-220. [PMID: 35941230 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-02965-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to determine whether cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) decreases the association between insulin resistance and sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption in a population-based sample of Spanish schoolchildren. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study including 430 schoolchildren (51.4% girls), aged 8-12 years, from 10 schools in Cuenca (Spain). Blood samples were drawn to measure fasting insulin levels. Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) was also assessed. Data on SSB consumption were gathered using the Children's Eating Habits Questionnaire, which was completed by parents. The CRF level was determined by the 20 m Shuttle Run test and a curvilinear allometric model. RESULTS Our conditional regression estimates showed that CRF moderated the association of SSB consumption on insulin levels or HOMA-IR. In children who had levels of CRF < 34.4 ml/kg/min ml/kg/min (for insulin levels) or < 33.6 ml/kg/min (for HOMA-IR), the association between SSB consumption and fasting insulin levels or HOMA-IR raised. Among children with CRF levels between 34.4 and 52.1 ml/kg/min (for insulin levels) or 33.6-55.4 ml/kg/min (for HOMA-IR), the association of SSB consumption on insulin level or HOMA-IR neither increased nor decreased. Among children with CRF levels > 52.1 ml/kg/min (for insulin levels) or > 55.4 ml/kg/min (for HOMA-IR), the association of SSB consumption on fasting insulin levels or HOMA-IR decreased. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that certain levels of CRF moderate the association between SSB consumption and insulin resistance in a population-based sample of Spanish schoolchildren.
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Inequalities in the association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and physical fitness in the young population during the COVID-19 lockdown. NUTR HOSP 2023; 40:391-399. [PMID: 36748428 DOI: 10.20960/nh.04225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE this study analyzed the association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and proxy-reported physical fitness among Spanish and Brazilian youths during the COVID-19 lockdown according to several inequality indicators. METHODS we conducted a cross-sectional study with parents and guardians of children and adolescents from Spain and Brazil. The evaluation process was through the use of online questionnaires. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was assessed using the Mediterranean Diet Quality Index in Children and Adolescents. Proxy-reported physical fitness was determined using the International Fitness Scale. Inequality indicators (gender, nationality, socioeconomic status, and parents/guardians' education level) were evaluated with a survey completed by the participants' parents/guardians. Binary logistic regression models estimated the association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and proxy-reported physical fitness, with stratification according to inequality variables. A total sample of 1,099 Spanish and Brazilian individuals (47.6% girls, aged 3 to 17 years) were included in the analysis. RESULTS compared to the "improvement needed to Mediterranean diet" category, the "optimal Mediterranean diet" group was significantly associated with "very good" physical fitness in boys (OR = 1.5; 95 % CI: 1.0-2.1) and in participants with parents/legal guardians' education level without university studies (OR = 1.5; 95 % CI: 1.0-2.4). CONCLUSIONS gender and parents/guardians' education level plays a significant role in the association between the "optimal Mediterranean Diet" and "very good" physical fitness level in Spanish and Brazilian children and adolescents. Future prospective studies are needed to investigate the role of inequality indicators in this relationship.
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45
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Leone M, Levesque P, Bourget-Gaudreault S, Lemoyne J, Kalinova E, Comtois AS, Bui HT, Léger L, Frémont P, Allisse M. Secular trends of cardiorespiratory fitness in children and adolescents over a 35-year period: Chronicle of a predicted foretold. Front Public Health 2023; 10:1056484. [PMID: 36699865 PMCID: PMC9869753 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1056484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In the context of concerns regarding the cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) of youth populations, the aims of this study were: (1) to update reference values for the VO2max for school-aged Canadians and (2) to document secular trends in CRF after a 35-year interval. Methods Between September 2014 and April 2017, the CRF of 3725 students (53.2% boys; 6.0 to 17.9 yrs) was determined using the 20-m shuttle run test. The sample was collected in 36 different schools from six cities of Québec (Canada). Results Median values of VO2max decreased with age in both sexes (p ≤ 0.05). By the age of 10, more than 20% of boys showed VO2max values below the recommended value (42 ml·kg-1·min-1). At the age of 17, that proportion reached 56.8%. A similar proportion of 12 yrs girls (20%) were under the recommended minimal value (37 ml·kg-1·min-1) and that value reached 69.9% at the age of 17. Compared to 1982, the VO2max at age 17 has declined by 18% for boys and 12% for girls. The situation is worse in terms of functional capacity (number of stages completed) with an overall decrease of more than 30%. Conclusion This study demonstrates that, compared to data obtained using the same methodology 35 years ago, the CRF and functional capacity of children and adolescents has declined to levels that should raise concerns from a public health perspective. Thus, the development of strategies to promote a physically active lifestyle in youth is more relevant than ever.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Leone
- Department of Health Sciences, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Chicoutimi, QC, Canada,Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada,*Correspondence: Mario Leone ✉
| | - Patrick Levesque
- Department of Health Sciences, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Chicoutimi, QC, Canada
| | | | - Jean Lemoyne
- Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
| | - Emilia Kalinova
- Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Alain Steve Comtois
- Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Hung Tien Bui
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Luc Léger
- School of Kinesiology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Pierre Frémont
- Department of Kinesiology, Laval University, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Maxime Allisse
- Department of Kinanthropology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
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Zadarko-Domaradzka M, Sobolewski M, Nizioł-Babiarz E, Barabasz Z, Warchoł K, Niewczas-Czarna K, Zadarko E. An Investigation of the Utility of Waist Circumference Predicting Cardiorespiratory Fitness in School Children: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:ijerph20010851. [PMID: 36613173 PMCID: PMC9820009 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The early identification of modifiable risk factors and their monitoring, also within school physical education (PE) classes, are becoming indispensable in the context of public health. The aim of this study was to test whether making use of waist circumference (WC) measurements increases the possibility of predicting the results of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in school-age children, as compared with body mass index (BMI) and other somatic indicators related to body fat. The cross-sectional study covered 190 children aged 10 to 15 years, participating in school PE classes. Body height (BH), body weight (BW), WC, hip circumference (HC) and percentage of body fat (BF%) were measured. BMI, waist to hip ratio (WHR) and waist to height ratio (WHtR) were calculated, and a CRF test was performed by means of a 20 m shuttle run test (20mSRT). The peak heart rate (HRpeak) of the children was also measured. The regression model that was developed showed that WC (R2 = 47.1%), beyond BF% (R2 = 50.3%) and WHtR (R2 = 50.0%), was a useful measure of CRF, and stronger than BMI (R2 = 45.8%) or WHR (R2 = 39.2%). The risk of obtaining the CRF result classified below a good level (below the percentile range of P60-P80) was significantly higher in children with a larger WC (odds ratio (OR) for the WC change of 1 cm equals 1.14 (95% CI: 1.09-1.20; p < 0.001)). The simplicity of measuring WC and the possibility of using this measurement in the calculation of WHtR with reference to CRF indicate its usefulness in the prophylactic exams of school children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Zadarko-Domaradzka
- Institute of Physical Culture Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Marek Sobolewski
- Department of Quantitative Methods, Rzeszow University of Technology, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Edyta Nizioł-Babiarz
- Department of Physical Education, Carpathian State College in Krosno, 38-400 Krosno, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Barabasz
- Department of Physical Education, Carpathian State College in Krosno, 38-400 Krosno, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Warchoł
- Institute of Physical Culture Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Klaudia Niewczas-Czarna
- Institute of Physical Culture Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Emilian Zadarko
- Institute of Physical Culture Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
- Correspondence:
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47
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Huerta-Uribe N, Ramírez-Vélez R, Izquierdo M, García-Hermoso A. Association Between Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior and Physical Fitness and Glycated Hemoglobin in Youth with Type 1 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Sports Med 2023; 53:111-123. [PMID: 35922715 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-022-01741-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Scientific literature suggests poor glycemic control in youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and physical inactivity, sedentary behavior and low physical fitness levels, although results are not entirely consistent. OBJECTIVE To meta-analyze the association between glycated hemoglobin and physical activity, sedentary behavior, and physical fitness in children and adolescents with T1D. METHODS Our meta-analysis was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Guidelines (PRISMA). Three databases were searched for studies. All studies meeting the following criteria were included: (1) Population: children and adolescents with a mean age between 3 and 18 years diagnosed with T1D; (2) Exposition: physical activity and/or sedentary behavior and/or cardiorespiratory fitness and/or muscular fitness; (3) Outcome: glycated hemoglobin; (4) Study design: cross-sectional, longitudinal, and case-control studies. Pooled effects were calculated using a random effects inverse-variance model with the Hartung-Knapp-Sidik-Jonkman adjustment. RESULTS Thirty-seven studies were included, accounting for a total of 34,863 youths with T1D (51.9% girls). Twenty-nine studies evaluated physical activity, eight sedentary behavior, 14 cardiorespiratory fitness, and two muscular fitness. A negative association between physical activity (r = - 0.09, 95% CI - 0.14 to - 0.04; I2 = 63.5%), cardiorespiratory fitness (r = - 0.31, 95% CI - 0.44 to - 0.19; I2 = 57.0%) and glycated hemoglobin was found. Also, the association with sedentary behavior was positive (r = 0.20, 95% CI 0.04 to 0.35; I2 = 92.6%). All the associations were independent of the glycated hemoglobin levels and diabetes duration. CONCLUSIONS Low levels of physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness and extensive sedentary behavior may explain part of the variance in glycated hemoglobin and part of the risk for poor glycemic control in youth with T1D. PROSPERO Registration number: CRD42021254362.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidia Huerta-Uribe
- Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Robinson Ramírez-Vélez
- Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Mikel Izquierdo
- Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Antonio García-Hermoso
- Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain.
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48
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Lang JJ, Zhang K, Agostinis-Sobrinho C, Andersen LB, Basterfield L, Berglind D, Blain DO, Cadenas-Sanchez C, Cameron C, Carson V, Colley RC, Csányi T, Faigenbaum AD, García-Hermoso A, Gomes TNQF, Gribbon A, Janssen I, Jurak G, Kaj M, Kidokoro T, Lane KN, Liu Y, Löf M, Lubans DR, Magnussen CG, Manyanga T, McGrath R, Mota J, Olds T, Onywera VO, Ortega FB, Oyeyemi AL, Prince SA, Ramírez-Vélez R, Roberts KC, Rubín L, Servais J, Silva DAS, Silva DR, Smith JJ, Song Y, Stratton G, Timmons BW, Tomkinson GR, Tremblay MS, Wong SHS, Fraser BJ. Top 10 International Priorities for Physical Fitness Research and Surveillance Among Children and Adolescents: A Twin-Panel Delphi Study. Sports Med 2023; 53:549-564. [PMID: 36001291 PMCID: PMC9399984 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-022-01752-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The measurement of physical fitness has a history that dates back nearly 200 years. Recently, there has been an increase in international research and surveillance on physical fitness creating a need for setting international priorities that could help guide future efforts. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to produce a list of the top 10 international priorities for research and surveillance on physical fitness among children and adolescents. METHODS Using a twin-panel Delphi method, two independent panels consisting of 46 international experts were identified (panel 1 = 28, panel 2 = 18). The panel participants were asked to list up to five priorities for research or surveillance (round 1), and then rated the items from their own panel on a 5-point Likert scale of importance (round 2). In round 3, experts were asked to rate the priorities identified by the other panel. RESULTS There was strong between-panel agreement (panel 1: rs = 0.76, p < 0.01; panel 2: rs = 0.77, p < 0.01) in the priorities identified. The list of the final top 10 priorities included (i) "conduct longitudinal studies to assess changes in fitness and associations with health". This was followed by (ii) "use fitness surveillance to inform decision making", and (iii) "implement regular and consistent international/national fitness surveys using common measures". CONCLUSIONS The priorities identified in this study provide guidance for future international collaborations and research efforts on the physical fitness of children and adolescents over the next decade and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin J. Lang
- grid.415368.d0000 0001 0805 4386Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, 785 Carling Ave, Ottawa, ON K9A 0K9 Canada ,grid.28046.380000 0001 2182 2255School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON Canada ,grid.414148.c0000 0000 9402 6172Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - Kai Zhang
- grid.414148.c0000 0000 9402 6172Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON Canada ,grid.28046.380000 0001 2182 2255School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - César Agostinis-Sobrinho
- grid.14329.3d0000 0001 1011 2418Faculty of Health Sciences, Klaipeda University, Klaipeda, Lithuania
| | - Lars Bo Andersen
- grid.477239.c0000 0004 1754 9964Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences. Western, Norway University of Applied Science, Bergen, Norway
| | - Laura Basterfield
- grid.1006.70000 0001 0462 7212Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Daniel Berglind
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Global Public Health and Centre for Epidemiology and Community Medicine (CES), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dylan O. Blain
- grid.12362.340000 0000 9280 9077Institute of Management and Health, University of Wales Trinity Saint David, Wales, UK
| | - Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez
- grid.4489.10000000121678994PROFITH “PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity” Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Christine Cameron
- grid.418590.10000 0001 2164 2780Canadian Fitness and Lifestyle Research Institute, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - Valerie Carson
- grid.17089.370000 0001 2190 316XFaculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada
| | - Rachel C. Colley
- grid.413850.b0000 0001 2097 5698Health Analysis Division, Statistics Canada, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - Tamás Csányi
- Department of Physical Education Theory and Methodology, Hungarian University of Sports Science, Budapest, Hungary ,grid.5591.80000 0001 2294 6276Faculty of Primary and Pre-School Education, ELTE, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Avery D. Faigenbaum
- grid.264500.50000 0004 0400 5239Kinesiology and Health Science, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, NJ USA
| | - Antonio García-Hermoso
- grid.410476.00000 0001 2174 6440Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Pamplona, Navarra Spain
| | - Thayse Natacha Q. F. Gomes
- grid.411252.10000 0001 2285 6801Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE Brazil
| | - Aidan Gribbon
- grid.413850.b0000 0001 2097 5698Centre for Population Health Data, Statistics Canada, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - Ian Janssen
- grid.410356.50000 0004 1936 8331School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON Canada ,grid.410356.50000 0004 1936 8331Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON Canada
| | - Gregor Jurak
- grid.8954.00000 0001 0721 6013Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mónika Kaj
- grid.511942.aHungarian School Sport Federation, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tetsuhiro Kidokoro
- grid.412200.50000 0001 2228 003XResearch Institute for Health and Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kirstin N. Lane
- grid.143640.40000 0004 1936 9465School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC Canada
| | - Yang Liu
- grid.412543.50000 0001 0033 4148School of Physical Education and Sport Training, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China ,grid.412543.50000 0001 0033 4148Shanghai Research Center for Physical Fitness and Health of Children and Adolescents, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Marie Löf
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden ,grid.5640.70000 0001 2162 9922Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - David R. Lubans
- grid.266842.c0000 0000 8831 109XCentre for Active Living and Learning, College of Human and Social Futures, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW Australia
| | - Costan G. Magnussen
- grid.1051.50000 0000 9760 5620Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC Australia ,grid.1374.10000 0001 2097 1371Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland ,grid.1374.10000 0001 2097 1371Centre for Population Health Research, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland ,grid.1009.80000 0004 1936 826XMenzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | - Taru Manyanga
- grid.266876.b0000 0001 2156 9982Division of Medical Sciences, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC Canada
| | - Ryan McGrath
- grid.261055.50000 0001 2293 4611Department of Health, Nutrition, and Exercise Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND USA ,grid.509356.c0000 0004 0420 0122Fargo VA Healthcare System, Fargo, ND USA
| | - Jorge Mota
- grid.5808.50000 0001 1503 7226Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Research Center in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sports, University of Porto (FADEUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Tim Olds
- grid.1026.50000 0000 8994 5086Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XMurdoch Children’s Research Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Vincent O. Onywera
- grid.9762.a0000 0000 8732 4964Department of Physical Education, Exercise and Sports Science, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Francisco B. Ortega
- grid.4489.10000000121678994PROFITH “PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity” Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain ,grid.9681.60000 0001 1013 7965Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Adewale L. Oyeyemi
- grid.413017.00000 0000 9001 9645Department of Physiotherapy, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria
| | - Stephanie A. Prince
- grid.415368.d0000 0001 0805 4386Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, 785 Carling Ave, Ottawa, ON K9A 0K9 Canada ,grid.28046.380000 0001 2182 2255School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - Robinson Ramírez-Vélez
- grid.410476.00000 0001 2174 6440Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Pamplona, Navarra Spain ,grid.442065.10000 0004 0486 4893Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación, Unidad Central del Valle del Cauca (UCEVA), Túlua, Colombia ,grid.413448.e0000 0000 9314 1427CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Karen C. Roberts
- grid.415368.d0000 0001 0805 4386Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, 785 Carling Ave, Ottawa, ON K9A 0K9 Canada
| | - Lukáš Rubín
- grid.6912.c0000000110151740Department of Physical Education and Sport, Technical University of Liberec, Liberec, Czech Republic ,grid.10979.360000 0001 1245 3953Institute of Active Lifestyle, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jennifer Servais
- grid.413850.b0000 0001 2097 5698Centre for Population Health Data, Statistics Canada, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - Diego Augusto Santos Silva
- grid.411237.20000 0001 2188 7235Sports Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC Brazil
| | - Danilo R. Silva
- grid.411252.10000 0001 2285 6801Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE Brazil ,grid.441837.d0000 0001 0765 9762Faculty of Health Science, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jordan J. Smith
- grid.266842.c0000 0000 8831 109XCentre for Active Living and Learning, College of Human and Social Futures, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW Australia
| | - Yi Song
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Gareth Stratton
- grid.4827.90000 0001 0658 8800Applied Sport Technology Exercise and Medicine Research Centre, Faculty Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Wales, UK
| | - Brian W. Timmons
- grid.414148.c0000 0000 9402 6172Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON Canada ,grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Child Health and Exercise Medicine Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Grant R. Tomkinson
- grid.1026.50000 0000 8994 5086Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA Australia ,grid.266862.e0000 0004 1936 8163Department of Education, Health and Behavior Studies, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND USA
| | - Mark S. Tremblay
- grid.414148.c0000 0000 9402 6172Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON Canada ,grid.28046.380000 0001 2182 2255Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON Canada ,grid.34428.390000 0004 1936 893XDepartment of Health Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - Stephen H. S. Wong
- grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Brooklyn J. Fraser
- grid.1009.80000 0004 1936 826XMenzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
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49
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Jago R, Salway R, House D, Beets M, Lubans DR, Woods C, de Vocht F. Rethinking children's physical activity interventions at school: A new context-specific approach. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1149883. [PMID: 37124783 PMCID: PMC10133698 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1149883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical activity is important for children's health. However, evidence suggests that many children and adults do not meet international physical activity recommendations. Current school-based interventions have had limited effect on physical activity and alternative approaches are needed. Context, which includes school setting, ethos, staff, and sociodemographic factors, is a key and largely ignored contributing factor to school-based physical activity intervention effectiveness, impacting in several interacting ways. Conceptualization Current programs focus on tightly-constructed content that ignores the context in which the program will be delivered, thereby limiting effectiveness. We propose a move away from uniform interventions that maximize internal validity toward a flexible approach that enables schools to tailor content to their specific context. Evaluation designs Evaluation of context-specific interventions should explicitly consider context. This is challenging in cluster randomized controlled trial designs. Thus, alternative designs such as natural experiment and stepped-wedge designs warrant further consideration. Primary outcome A collective focus on average minutes of moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity may not always be the most appropriate choice. A wider range of outcomes may improve children's physical activity and health in the long-term. In this paper, we argue that greater consideration of school context is key in the design and analysis of school-based physical activity interventions and may help overcome existing limitations in the design of effective interventions and thus progress the field. While this focus on context-specific interventions and evaluation is untested, we hope to stimulate debate of the key issues to improve future physical activity intervention development and implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell Jago
- Centre for Exercise, Nutrition and Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- The National Institute for Health Research, Applied Research Collaboration West (NIHR ARC West), University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Russell Jago,
| | - Ruth Salway
- Centre for Exercise, Nutrition and Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Danielle House
- Centre for Exercise, Nutrition and Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Beets
- Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - David Revalds Lubans
- Centre for Active Living and Learning, College of Human and Social Futures, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Catherine Woods
- Physical Activity for Health Research Centre, Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Frank de Vocht
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- The National Institute for Health Research, Applied Research Collaboration West (NIHR ARC West), University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom
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50
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Pierantozzi E, Morales J, Fukuda DH, Garcia V, Gómez AM, Guerra-Balic M, Carballeira E. Effects of a Long-Term Adapted Judo Program on the Health-Related Physical Fitness of Children with ASD. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:16731. [PMID: 36554612 PMCID: PMC9779502 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192416731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Physical fitness is one of the most important physical and mental health aspects for children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). This study aimed to test the effects of a long-term adapted judo program on the health-related physical fitness of children with ASD. The participants were recruited from various associations of families and schools for children with special needs. Twenty-one children were assigned to an experimental group and nineteen to a control group. The experimental group participated in a six-month adapted judo program consisting of 90 min of practice each week. Health-related physical fitness was measured using the indicators obtained from the ALPHA-fitness battery, the estimated VO2max and the waist/height ratio0.5. Changes within and between groups were analyzed using linear mixed models for repeated measures designs and test-retest reliability of tests requiring a maximum score using the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC). A judo program tailored for children with ASD can improve the cardio-metabolic health and cardiorespiratory fitness of its participants. The problems involved with administering physical aptitude tests that involve maximum effort or performance in children with ASD cast serious doubts on the reproducibility of their results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Pierantozzi
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, 1700 Genoa, Italy
| | - José Morales
- Faculty of Psychology, Education Sciences and Sport Blanquerna—Ramon Llull University, 08022 Barcelona, Spain
| | - David H. Fukuda
- School of Kinesiology & Physical Therapy, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - Vanessa Garcia
- Faculty of Psychology, Education Sciences and Sport Blanquerna—Ramon Llull University, 08022 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonia M. Gómez
- Faculty of Psychology, Education Sciences and Sport Blanquerna—Ramon Llull University, 08022 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Myriam Guerra-Balic
- Faculty of Psychology, Education Sciences and Sport Blanquerna—Ramon Llull University, 08022 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduardo Carballeira
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of A Coruna, 15179 Oleiros, Spain
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