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Rao L, Verma V, Jain S, Pinapati KK, Bhagyawant SS, Sharma S, Srivastava N. Anti-Depressant Like Effects of Aethoscytus Foveolus Oil by Improving Stress-mediated Alterations of Monoamine Oxidase, Oxidative Stress, and Neuroinflammation In-vivo. Cell Biochem Biophys 2024; 82:1335-1351. [PMID: 38904723 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-024-01288-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Depression is a neuropsychological disorder with a complex pathophysiology and its pharmacotherapy is compromised by adverse side effects. Addressing the need for effective treatment for depression, the current study aims to characterize the antidepressant activity of oil extract derived from Aethoscytus foveolus, bugs that are widely available in India, in a mice model of stress-induced depression. Chemical moieties characterized by GC-MS of A. foveolus oil extract have shown good affinity for monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) in-silico. In-vitro MAO-inhibitory assay using mouse brain homogenates also showed similar results at IC50 1.363 nM (R2 = 0.981, SD ± 0.05, n = 3) of it. These results encouraged us to investigate the antidepressant potential of this oil extract in vivo. Stress-exposed mice (Swiss Albino, either sex, 25-30 gm) were administered 5 and 10 mg/kg doses of oil extract and classified as separate groups (N = 6 per group). Behavioral tests like the forced-swim test, tail-suspension test, and open-field test demonstrated significant attenuation of stress-induced depressive-like behavior of mice by both doses (p < 0.0001 with positive control group i.e., stress group), while biochemical tests on mice brain tissues showed amelioration of stress-induced hyperactivation of MAO (p < 0.0001) and oxidative stress (by increasing Superoxide dismutase and catalase, while reducing lipid peroxidase and nitric oxide) (p < 0.0001). The altered mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokines (NF-κB, IL-6, IL-12, and TNF-α) (p < 0.015) was also improved by this oil extract. In addition, histopathology of hippocampus tissues of mice supports that this oil recovers stress-mediated structural changes of the brain. In conclusion our findings suggest that oil derived from A. foveolus could be beneficial in the alleviation of stress-mediated depressive-like behavior of mice, and in our knowledge, this is the first report identifying anti-neurodegenerative potential of A. foveolus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavisha Rao
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan, 304022, India
| | - Vartika Verma
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan, 304022, India
| | - Smita Jain
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan, 304022, India
| | - Kishore Kumar Pinapati
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Raebareli, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226002, India
| | - Sameer S Bhagyawant
- School of Studies in Biotechnology, Jiwaji university, Gwalior, 44011, India
| | - Swapnil Sharma
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan, 304022, India.
| | - Nidhi Srivastava
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Raebareli, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226002, India.
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Beton-Mysur K, Kopec M, Brozek-Pluska B. Raman Imaging-A Valuable Tool for Tracking Fatty Acid Metabolism-Normal and Cancer Human Colon Single-Cell Study. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4508. [PMID: 38674093 PMCID: PMC11050638 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Altered metabolism of lipids is a key factor in many diseases including cancer. Therefore, investigations into the impact of unsaturated and saturated fatty acids (FAs) on human body homeostasis are crucial for understanding the development of lifestyle diseases. In this paper, we focus on the impact of palmitic (PA), linoleic (LA), and eicosapentaenoic (EPA) acids on human colon normal (CCD-18 Co) and cancer (Caco-2) single cells using Raman imaging and spectroscopy. The label-free nature of Raman imaging allowed us to evaluate FAs dynamics without modifying endogenous cellular metabolism. Thanks to the ability of Raman imaging to visualize single-cell substructures, we have analyzed the changes in chemical composition of endoplasmic reticulum (ER), mitochondria, lipid droplets (LDs), and nucleus upon FA supplementation. Analysis of Raman band intensity ratios typical for lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids (I1656/I1444, I1444/I1256, I1444/I750, I1304/I1256) proved that, using Raman mapping, we can observe the metabolic pathways of FAs in ER, which is responsible for the uptake of exogenous FAs, de novo synthesis, elongation, and desaturation of FAs, in mitochondria responsible for energy production via FA oxidation, in LDs specialized in cellular fat storage, and in the nucleus, where FAs are transported via fatty-acid-binding proteins, biomarkers of human colon cancerogenesis. Analysis for membranes showed that the uptake of FAs effectively changed the chemical composition of this organelle, and the strongest effect was noticed for LA. The spectroscopy studies have been completed using XTT tests, which showed that the addition of LA or EPA for Caco-2 cells decreases their viability with a stronger effect observed for LA and the opposite effect observed for PA. For normal cells, CCD-18 Co supplementation using LA or EPA stimulated cells for growing, while PA had the opposite impact.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Beata Brozek-Pluska
- Laboratory of Laser Molecular Spectroscopy, Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Wroblewskiego 15, 93-590 Lodz, Poland; (K.B.-M.); (M.K.)
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Zhang J, Zhao M, Yu H, Wang Q, Shen F, Cai H, Feng F, Tang J. Palmitoleic Acid Ameliorates Metabolic Disorders and Inflammation by Modulating Gut Microbiota and Serum Metabolites. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024; 68:e2300749. [PMID: 38511225 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
SCOPE Palmitoleic acid (POA) is an omega-7 monounsaturated fatty acid that has been suggested to improve metabolic disorders. However, it remains unclear whether gut microbiota plays a role in the amelioration of metabolic disorders by POA. This study aims to investigate the regulation of POA on metabolism, as well as systemic inflammation in HFD-fed mice from the perspective of serum metabolome and gut microbiome. METHODS AND RESULTS Thirty-six C57BL/6 male mice are randomly assigned to either a normal chow diet containing 1.9% w/w lard or an HFD containing 20.68% w/w lard or 20.68% w/w sea buckthorn pulp oil for 16 weeks. The study finds that POA significantly attenuated hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance, and inflammation in HFD-fed mice. POA supplementation significantly alters the composition of serum metabolites, particularly lipid metabolites in the glycerophospholipid metabolism pathway. POA obviously increases the abundance of Bifidobacterium and decreases the abundance of Allobaculum. Importantly, the study finds that glycerophosphocholine mediates the effect of Bifidobacterium on LDL-C, sphingomyelin mediates the effect of Bifidobacterium on IL-6, and maslinic acid mediates the effect of Allobaculum on IL-6. CONCLUSION The results suggest that exogenous POA can improve metabolic disorders and inflammation in HFD-fed mice, potentially by modulating the serum metabolome and gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhui Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Minjie Zhao
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Huilin Yu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Fei Shen
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Haiying Cai
- School of Biological & Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science &Technology, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Fengqin Feng
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Jun Tang
- School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
- Westlake Intelligent Biomarker Discovery Lab, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, 310012, China
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Cetin E, Pedersen B, Porter LM, Adler GK, Burak MF. Protocol for a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial using pure palmitoleic acid to ameliorate insulin resistance and lipogenesis in overweight and obese subjects with prediabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 14:1306528. [PMID: 38313838 PMCID: PMC10835623 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1306528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Palmitoleic acid (POA), a nonessential, monounsaturated omega-7 fatty acid (C16:1n7), is a lipid hormone secreted from adipose tissue and has beneficial effects on distant organs, such as the liver and muscle. Interestingly, POA decreases lipogenesis in toxic storage sites such as the liver and muscle, and paradoxically increases lipogenesis in safe storage sites, such as adipose tissue. Furthermore, higher POA levels in humans are correlated with better insulin sensitivity, an improved lipid profile, and a lower incidence of type-2 diabetes and cardiovascular pathologies, such as myocardial infarction. In preclinical animal models, POA improves glucose intolerance, dyslipidemia, and steatosis of the muscle and liver, while improving insulin sensitivity and secretion. This double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial tests the hypothesis that POA increases insulin sensitivity and decreases hepatic lipogenesis in overweight and obese adult subjects with pre-diabetes. Important to note, that this is the first study ever to use pure (>90%) POA with < 0.3% palmitic acid (PA), which masks the beneficial effects of POA. The possible positive findings may offer a therapeutic and/or preventative pathway against diabetes and related immunometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ecesu Cetin
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Brian Pedersen
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Lindsey M. Porter
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Gail K. Adler
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Mehmet Furkan Burak
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Sabri Ulker Center, Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
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Robles M, Rousseau-Ralliard D, Dubois C, Josse T, Nouveau É, Dahirel M, Wimel L, Couturier-Tarrade A, Chavatte-Palmer P. Obesity during Pregnancy in the Horse: Effect on Term Placental Structure and Gene Expression, as Well as Colostrum and Milk Fatty Acid Concentration. Vet Sci 2023; 10:691. [PMID: 38133242 PMCID: PMC10748288 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10120691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In horses, the prevalence of obesity is high and associated with serious metabolic pathologies. Being a broodmare has been identified as a risk factor for obesity. In other species, maternal obesity is known to affect the development of the offspring. This article is a follow-up study of previous work showing that Obese mares (O, n = 10, body condition score > 4.25 at insemination) were more insulin resistant and presented increased systemic inflammation during pregnancy compared to Normal mares (N, n = 14, body condition score < 4 at insemination). Foals born to O mares were more insulin-resistant, presented increased systemic inflammation, and were more affected by osteoarticular lesions. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of maternal obesity on placental structure and function, as well as the fatty acid profile in the plasma of mares and foals, colostrum, and milk until 90 days of lactation, which, to our knowledge, has been poorly studied in the horse. Mares from both groups were fed the same diet during pregnancy and lactation. During lactation, mares were housed in pasture. A strong heat wave, followed by a drought, occurred during their 2nd and 3rd months of lactation (summer of 2016 in the Limousin region, France). In the present article, term placental morphometry, structure (stereology), and gene expression (RT-qPCR, genes involved in nutrient transport, growth, and development, as well as vascularization) were studied. Plasma of mares and their foals, as well as colostrum and milk, were sampled at birth, 30 days, and 90 days of lactation. The fatty acid composition of these samples was measured using gas chromatography. No differences between the N and O groups were observed for term placental morphometry, structure, or gene expression. No difference in plasma fatty acid composition was observed between groups in mares. The plasma fatty acid profile of O foals was more pro-inflammatory and indicated an altered placental lipid metabolism between birth and 90 days of age. These results are in line with the increased systemic inflammation and altered glucose metabolism observed until 18 months of age in this group. The colostrum fatty acid profile of O mares was more pro-inflammatory and indicated an increased transfer and/or desaturation of long-chain fatty acids. Moreover, O foals received a colostrum poorer in medium-chain saturated fatty acid, a source of immediate energy for the newborn that can also play a role in immunity and gut microbiota development. Differences in milk fatty acid composition indicated a decreased ability to adapt to heat stress in O mares, which could have further affected the metabolic development of their foals. In conclusion, maternal obesity affected the fatty acid composition of milk, thus also influencing the foal's plasma fatty acid composition and likely participating in the developmental programming observed in growing foals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgane Robles
- BREED, Domaine de Vilvert, Université Paris Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, 78350 Jouy en Josas, France; (D.R.-R.); (A.C.-T.)
- BREED, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
- Institut Polytechnique Unilasalle, 76130 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Delphine Rousseau-Ralliard
- BREED, Domaine de Vilvert, Université Paris Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, 78350 Jouy en Josas, France; (D.R.-R.); (A.C.-T.)
- BREED, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Cédric Dubois
- Institut Français du Cheval et de l’Equitation, Station Expérimentale de la Valade, 19370 Chamberet, France (L.W.)
| | - Tiphanie Josse
- BREED, Domaine de Vilvert, Université Paris Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, 78350 Jouy en Josas, France; (D.R.-R.); (A.C.-T.)
- BREED, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Émilie Nouveau
- BREED, Domaine de Vilvert, Université Paris Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, 78350 Jouy en Josas, France; (D.R.-R.); (A.C.-T.)
- BREED, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Michele Dahirel
- BREED, Domaine de Vilvert, Université Paris Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, 78350 Jouy en Josas, France; (D.R.-R.); (A.C.-T.)
- BREED, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Laurence Wimel
- Institut Français du Cheval et de l’Equitation, Station Expérimentale de la Valade, 19370 Chamberet, France (L.W.)
| | - Anne Couturier-Tarrade
- BREED, Domaine de Vilvert, Université Paris Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, 78350 Jouy en Josas, France; (D.R.-R.); (A.C.-T.)
- BREED, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Pascale Chavatte-Palmer
- BREED, Domaine de Vilvert, Université Paris Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, 78350 Jouy en Josas, France; (D.R.-R.); (A.C.-T.)
- BREED, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
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Atteia HH, AlFaris NA, Alshammari GM, Alamri E, Ahmed SF, Albalwi R, Abdel-Sattar SAL. The Hepatic Antisteatosis Effect of Xanthohumol in High-Fat Diet-Fed Rats Entails Activation of AMPK as a Possible Protective Mechanism. Foods 2023; 12:4214. [PMID: 38231665 DOI: 10.3390/foods12234214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is the leading cause of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by provoking hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Low activity of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is linked to obesity, liver injury, and NAFLD. This study involves examining if the anti-steatosis effect of Xanthohumol (XH) in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed rats involves the regulation of AMPK. Adult male rats were divided into five groups (n = 8 each) as control (3.85 kcal/g); XH (control diet + 20 mg/kg), HFD (4.73 kcl/g), HFD + XH (20 mg/kg), and HFD + XH (30 mg/kg) + compound c (cc) (0.2 mg/kg). All treatments were conducted for 12 weeks. Treatment with XH attenuated the gain in body weight, fat pads, fasting glucose, and insulin in HFD rats. It also lowered serum leptin and free fatty acids (FFAs) and improved glucose and insulin tolerances in these rats. It also attenuated the increase in serum livers of liver marker enzymes and reduced serum and hepatic levels of triglycerides (TGs), cholesterol (CHOL), FFAs, as well as serum levels of low-density lipoproteins cholesterol (LDL-c) oxidized LDL-c. XH also reduced hepatic levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), nuclear accumulation of NF-κB, and the levels of tumor necrosis-factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) while stimulating the nuclear levels of Nrf2 and total levels of glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) in these HFD-fed rats. At the molecular levels, XH increased hepatic mRNA expression and phosphorylation of AMPK (Thr72) and reduced the expression of lipogenic genes SREBP1c and ACC-1. In concomitance, XH reduced hepatic liver droplet accumulation, reduced the number of apoptotic nuclei, and improved the structures of nuclei, mitochondria, and rough endoplasmic reticulum. Co-treatment with CC, an AMPK inhibitor, completely abolished all these effects of XH. In conclusion, XH attenuates obesity and HFD-mediated hepatic steatosis by activating hepatic AMPK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hebatallah Husseini Atteia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk P.O. Box 47512, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nora A AlFaris
- Department of Physical Sports Sciences, College of Sports Sciences & Physical Activity, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh P.O. Box 84428, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghedeir M Alshammari
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman Alamri
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Tabuk, Tabuk P.O. Box 47512, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salwa Fares Ahmed
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tabuk, Tabuk P.O. Box 47512, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
| | - Renad Albalwi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Tabuk, Tabuk P.O. Box 47512, Saudi Arabia
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Xu W, Dong Q, Zhao G, Han B. Analysis of metabolites of bactrain camel milk in Alxa of China before and after fermentation with fermenting agent TR1 based on untargeted LC-MS/MS based metabolomics. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18522. [PMID: 37554772 PMCID: PMC10404950 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Camel milk produces many beneficial functional compounds and affects body health through metabolism. The differential metabolites of bactrain camel milk in Alxa before and after fermentation were identified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry based metabolomics (LC-MS/MS). The differential metabolite pathway types were also identified in this paper. We obtained the following results that 148 and 82 differential metabolites were detected in positive and negative ion mode respectively, 85 differential metabolites were shown a significant upward trend and 63 with downward trend after fermentation in positive ion mode. Meanwhile, 32 differential metabolites characterized upward trend and 50 characterized downward trend in negative ion mode. The differential metabolites were mainly organic acids, amino acids, esters, vitamins and other substances contained in camel milk. Among them, most up-regulated substances had the functions of lowering blood pressure, lowering blood sugar, treatment of inflammation, antibiosis and other effects. Many harmful substances were significantly down-regulated after camel milk fermentation. However, there were also some metabolites whose prebiotic functions have been weakened by camel milk fermentation, which may provide reference values for healthcare function, exploitation and application of camel milk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Guofen Zhao
- Key Lab of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Triticeae Crops at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010011, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Han
- Key Lab of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Triticeae Crops at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010011, People's Republic of China
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Yang G, Liu R, Rezaei S, Liu X, Wan YJY. Uncovering the Gut-Liver Axis Biomarkers for Predicting Metabolic Burden in Mice. Nutrients 2023; 15:3406. [PMID: 37571345 PMCID: PMC10421148 DOI: 10.3390/nu15153406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Western diet (WD) intake, aging, and inactivation of farnesoid X receptor (FXR) are risk factors for metabolic and chronic inflammation-related health issues ranging from metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) to dementia. The progression of MASLD can be escalated when those risks are combined. Inactivation of FXR, the receptor for bile acid (BA), is cancer prone in both humans and mice. The current study used multi-omics including hepatic transcripts, liver, serum, and urine metabolites, hepatic BAs, as well as gut microbiota from mouse models to classify those risks using machine learning. A linear support vector machine with K-fold cross-validation was used for classification and feature selection. We have identified that increased urine sucrose alone achieved 91% accuracy in predicting WD intake. Hepatic lithocholic acid and serum pyruvate had 100% and 95% accuracy, respectively, to classify age. Urine metabolites (decreased creatinine and taurine as well as increased succinate) or increased gut bacteria (Dorea, Dehalobacterium, and Oscillospira) could predict FXR deactivation with greater than 90% accuracy. Human disease relevance is partly revealed using the metabolite-disease interaction network. Transcriptomics data were also compared with the human liver disease datasets. WD-reduced hepatic Cyp39a1 (cytochrome P450 family 39 subfamily a member 1) and increased Gramd1b (GRAM domain containing 1B) were also changed in human liver cancer and metabolic liver disease, respectively. Together, our data contribute to the identification of noninvasive biomarkers within the gut-liver axis to predict metabolic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiyan Yang
- Department of Medical Pathology, Laboratory Medicine in Sacramento, University of California, Davis, CA 95817, USA;
| | - Rex Liu
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (R.L.); (S.R.); (X.L.)
| | - Shahbaz Rezaei
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (R.L.); (S.R.); (X.L.)
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (R.L.); (S.R.); (X.L.)
| | - Yu-Jui Yvonne Wan
- Department of Medical Pathology, Laboratory Medicine in Sacramento, University of California, Davis, CA 95817, USA;
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Papadopoulou V, Sidders AE, Lu KY, Velez AZ, Durham PG, Bui DT, Angeles-Solano M, Dayton PA, Rowe SE. Overcoming biological barriers to improve treatment of a Staphylococcus aureus wound infection. Cell Chem Biol 2023; 30:513-526.e5. [PMID: 37148883 PMCID: PMC10198964 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2023.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Chronic wounds frequently become infected with bacterial biofilms which respond poorly to antibiotic therapy. Aminoglycoside antibiotics are ineffective at treating deep-seated wound infections due to poor drug penetration, poor drug uptake into persister cells, and widespread antibiotic resistance. In this study, we combat the two major barriers to successful aminoglycoside treatment against a biofilm-infected wound: limited antibiotic uptake and limited biofilm penetration. To combat the limited antibiotic uptake, we employ palmitoleic acid, a host-produced monounsaturated fatty acid that perturbs the membrane of gram-positive pathogens and induces gentamicin uptake. This novel drug combination overcomes gentamicin tolerance and resistance in multiple gram-positive wound pathogens. To combat biofilm penetration, we examined the ability of sonobactericide, a non-invasive ultrasound-mediated-drug delivery technology to improve antibiotic efficacy using an in vivo biofilm model. This dual approach dramatically improved antibiotic efficacy against a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) wound infection in diabetic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Papadopoulou
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of North Carolina and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Ashelyn E Sidders
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Kuan-Yi Lu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Amanda Z Velez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Phillip G Durham
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of North Carolina and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Duyen T Bui
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Michelle Angeles-Solano
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Paul A Dayton
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of North Carolina and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Sarah E Rowe
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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ALTamimi JZ, Alshammari GM, AlFaris NA, Alagal RI, Aljabryn DH, Albekairi NA, Alkhateeb MA, Yahya MA. Ellagic acid protects against non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in streptozotocin-diabetic rats by activating AMPK. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2022; 60:25-37. [PMID: 34870551 PMCID: PMC8654409 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2021.1990969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Ellagic acid (EA) is used in traditional medicine to treated hyperlipidaemia. OBJECTIVE This study examined if AMPK mediates the anti-steatotic effect of ellagic acid (EA) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetes mellitus in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Adult male Wistar rats (130 ± 10 g) were divided into 6 groups (n = 8 rats/group) as control, control + EA, control + EA + CC an AMPK inhibitor), T1DM, T1DM + EA, and T1DM + EA + CC. The treatments with EA (50 mg/kg/orally) and CC (200 ng/rat/i.p.) were given the desired groups for 12 weeks, daily. RESULTS In T1DM-rats, EA reduced fasting glucose levels (44.8%), increased fasting insulin levels (92.8%), prevented hepatic lipid accumulation, and decreased hepatic and serum levels of total triglycerides (54% & 61%), cholesterol (57% & 48%), and free fatty acids (40% & 37%). It also reduced hepatic levels of ROS (62%), MDA (52%), TNF-α (62%), and IL-6 (57.2%) and the nuclear activity of NF-κB p65 (54%) but increased the nuclear activity of Nrf-2 (4-fold) and levels of GSH (107%) and SOD (87%). Besides, EA reduced downregulated SREBP1 (35%), SREBP2 (34%), ACC-1 (36%), FAS (38%), and HMG-CoAR (49%) but stimulated mRNA levels of PPARα (1.7-fold) and CPT1a (1.8-fold), CPT1b (2.9-fold), and p-AMPK (4-fold). All these events were prevented by the co-administration of CC. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS These findings encourage the use of EA to treat hepatic disorders, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Further in vivo and in vitro studies are needed to validate its potential in clinical medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jozaa Z. ALTamimi
- Nutrition and Food Science, Department of Physical Sport Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghedeir M. Alshammari
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nora A. AlFaris
- Nutrition and Food Science, Department of Physical Sport Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reham I. Alagal
- Nutrition and Food Science, Department of Physical Sport Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dalal H. Aljabryn
- Nutrition and Food Science, Department of Physical Sport Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Norah A. Albekairi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud Ahmad Alkhateeb
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Abdo Yahya
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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11
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Tavares MEA, Veras ASC, Thorpe HHA, Baptista DB, Teixeira GR. Physical exercise regulates apoptosis and prostatic inflammatory effects induced by high-fat diet in PPAR-alpha deleted mice. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2022; 163:106669. [PMID: 35963510 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2022.106669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The high-fat diet (HFD) promotes obesity and develops inflammation, causing dysregulation of energy metabolism and prostatic neoplastic tissue changes. PPARɑ deletion leads to loss of homeostasis between the pro and anti-inflammatory response, and dysregulation of lipid metabolism, causing changes in different physiological processes and damage to the prostate. On the other hand, aerobic physical exercise has been suggested as a non-pharmacological tool to improve energy metabolism and cellular metabolism in the prostate, however, the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. the current study aimed to evaluate PPARα as a possible regulator of the protective effects of aerobic physical exercise in the prostate by examining prostatic alterations in wild-type and PPARα deletion mice fed a standard diet or an HFD. Wild-type and PPARα-null mice were fed a standard or HFD diet for 12 weeks, and submitted to aerobic physical exercise for 8 weeks. The HFD promoted the increase of inflammatory markers IL-6, TNF-α, NF-kB, and an increase of inflammatory foci in animals in both genotypes. Although the PPARα deletion animals submitted to the aerobic physical exercise were not able to regulate response pro-inflammatory, but promoted an increase in IL-10 in the prostate. In animals WT, the aerobic physical exercise, reduced all inflammatory markers, improve the inflammatory response, and showed a higher expression of BAX and IL-10 proteins was protective against prostatic tissue lesions. Suggested that PPARα deletion associated with HFD suppressed apoptosis and increased damage prostate. On other hand, aerobic physical exercise improves prostatic tissue by increasing the response to anti-inflammatory and apoptosis protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Eduarda Almeida Tavares
- Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University-UNESP, campus of Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, SBFis, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, SP, Brazil; Experimental Laboratory of Exercise Biology (LEBioEx), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudent, SP, Brazil
| | - Allice Santos Cruz Veras
- Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University-UNESP, campus of Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, SBFis, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, SP, Brazil; Experimental Laboratory of Exercise Biology (LEBioEx), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudent, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Danilo Bianchini Baptista
- Experimental Laboratory of Exercise Biology (LEBioEx), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudent, SP, Brazil
| | - Giovana Rampazzo Teixeira
- Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University-UNESP, campus of Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, SBFis, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, SP, Brazil; Experimental Laboratory of Exercise Biology (LEBioEx), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudent, SP, Brazil.
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12
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Roles of Palmitoleic Acid and Its Positional Isomers, Hypogeic and Sapienic Acids, in Inflammation, Metabolic Diseases and Cancer. Cells 2022; 11:cells11142146. [PMID: 35883589 PMCID: PMC9319324 DOI: 10.3390/cells11142146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last few years, the monounsaturated hexadecenoic fatty acids are being increasingly considered as biomarkers of health with key functions in physiology and pathophysiology. Palmitoleic acid (16:1n-7) and sapienic acid (16:1n-10) are synthesized from palmitic acid by the action of stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 and fatty acid desaturase 2, respectively. A third positional isomer, hypogeic acid (16:1n-9) is produced from the partial β-oxidation of oleic acid. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge of the effects of palmitoleic acid and, where available, sapienic acid and hypogeic acid, on metabolic diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and cancer. The results have shown diverse effects among studies in cell lines, animal models and humans. Palmitoleic acid was described as a lipokine able to regulate different metabolic processes such as an increase in insulin sensitivity in muscle, β cell proliferation, prevention of endoplasmic reticulum stress and lipogenic activity in white adipocytes. Numerous beneficial effects have been attributed to palmitoleic acid, both in mouse models and in cell lines. However, its role in humans is not fully understood, and is sometimes controversial. Regarding sapienic acid and hypogeic acid, studies on their biological effects are still scarce, but accumulating evidence suggests that they also play important roles in metabolic regulation. The multiplicity of effects reported for palmitoleic acid and the compartmentalized manner in which they often occur, may suggest the overlapping actions of multiple isomers being present at the same or neighboring locations.
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13
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Mitrovic M, Sistilli G, Horakova O, Rossmeisl M. Omega-3 phospholipids and obesity-associated NAFLD: Potential mechanisms and therapeutic perspectives. Eur J Clin Invest 2022; 52:e13650. [PMID: 34291454 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) increases in line with obesity and type 2 diabetes, and there is no approved drug therapy. Polyunsaturated fatty acids of n-3 series (omega-3) are known for their hypolipidaemic and anti-inflammatory effects. Existing clinical trials suggest varying effectiveness of triacylglycerol- or ethyl ester-bound omega-3 in the treatment of NAFLD, without affecting advanced stages such as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Preclinical studies suggest that the lipid class used to supplement omega-3 may determine the extent and nature of their effects on metabolism. Phospholipids of marine origin represent an alternative source of omega-3. The aim of this review is to summarise the available evidence on the use of omega-3 phospholipids, primarily in obesity-related NAFLD, and to outline perspectives of their use in the prevention/treatment of NAFLD. A PubMed literature search was conducted in May 2021. In total, 1088 articles were identified, but based on selection criteria, 38 original papers were included in the review. Selected articles describing the potential mechanisms of action of omega-3 phospholipids have also been included. Preclinical evidence clearly indicates that omega-3 phospholipids have strong antisteatotic effects in the liver, which are stronger compared to omega-3 administered as triacylglycerols. Multiple mechanisms are likely involved in the overall antisteatotic effects, involving not only the liver but also adipose tissue and the gut. Robust preclinical evidence for strong antisteatotic effects of omega-3 phospholipids in the liver should be confirmed in clinical trials. Further research is needed on the possible effects of omega-3 phospholipids on advanced NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Mitrovic
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Gabriella Sistilli
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Olga Horakova
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Rossmeisl
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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14
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Smith CC, Sheedy DL, McEwen HP, Don AS, Kril JJ, Sutherland GT. Lipidome changes in alcohol-related brain damage. J Neurochem 2021; 160:271-282. [PMID: 34699608 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol-related brain injury is characterized by cognitive deficits and brain atrophy with the prefrontal cortex particularly susceptible. White matter in the human brain is lipid rich and a major target of damage from chronic alcohol abuse; yet, there is sparse information on how these lipids are affected. Here, we used untargeted lipidomics as a discovery tool to describe these changes in the prefrontal, middle temporal, and visual cortices of human subjects with alcohol use disorder and controls. Significant changes to the lipidome, predominantly in the prefrontal and visual cortices, and differences between the white and grey matter of each brain region were identified. These effects include broad decreases to phospholipids and ceramide, decreased polyunsaturated fatty acids, decreased sphingadiene backbones, and selective decreases in cholesteryl ester fatty acid chains. Our findings show that chronic alcohol abuse results in selective changes to the neurolipidome, which likely reflects both the directs effects on the brain and concurrent effects on the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caine C Smith
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences and Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Donna L Sheedy
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences and Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Holly P McEwen
- Centenery Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anthony S Don
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences and Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Centenery Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jillian J Kril
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences and Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Greg T Sutherland
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences and Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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15
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Shatoor AS, Al Humayed S, Almohiy HM. Crataegus aronia prevents high-fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis in rats by activating AMPK-induced suppression of SREBP1 and activation of PPARα. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13945. [PMID: 34585409 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This study examined if the aqueous extract of Crataegus aronia (C. aronia) can prevent high-fat diet (HFD)-induced hepatic steatosis in rats by activating AMPK. Adult male Wistar rats were fed either a control diet or HFD for 12 weeks and treated either with vehicle (normal saline) or C. aronia extract (200 mg/kg/orally), daily. Also, hepatocytes were treated with increasing concentrations of the extract in the presence or absence of compound C (CC), an AMPK inhibitor. C. aronia prevented the increase in serum and hepatic lipids, reduced hepatic levels of reactive oxygen species, and increased hepatic glutathione and superoxide dismutase levels. It also downregulated the hepatic expression of SREBP1/2, fatty acid synthase, and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase but stimulated the activity of AMPK and levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha. Similar effects were reported in the cultured cells, in a dose-dependent manner but were prevented by CC. In conclusion, C. aronia ameliorates HFD-induced hepatic steatosis and oxidative stress by activating AMPK. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The use of the aqueous extract of Crataegus aronia has been extensively used during the last years in traditional medicine to treat chronic disorders including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. The findings of this study support these findings and suggest that oral administration of C. aronia aqueous extract has potent hypoglycemic effect and demonstrate the mechanism of action mimics such drugs such as metformin and involves activation of AMPK and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha. These findings are very encouraging for further biochemical analysis and isolation of active ingredients responsible for these effects to be used in more clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah S Shatoor
- Department of Medicine, Cardiology Section, College of Medicine, King Khalid University (KKU), Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suliman Al Humayed
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Khalid University (KKU), Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussain M Almohiy
- Depatrtment of Radiology Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
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16
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Akazawa Y, Morisaki T, Fukuda H, Norimatsu K, Shiota J, Hashiguchi K, Tabuchi M, Kitayama M, Matsushima K, Yamaguchi N, Kondo H, Fujita F, Takeshita H, Nakao K, Takeshima F. Significance of serum palmitoleic acid levels in inflammatory bowel disease. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16260. [PMID: 34376800 PMCID: PMC8355139 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95923-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), including ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD), are chronic intestinal diseases of unknown etiology that present with variable disease extents and outcomes. The use of biomarkers for the diagnosis and management of IBDs is considered beneficial. Palmitoleic acid (PO) is an adipose tissue-derived mono-unsaturated free fatty acid that potentially serves as a lipokine in metabolic and inflammatory diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the significance of PO levels in the serum of patients with UC and CD. The study included patients with UC (n = 22), patients with CD (n = 35), and controls (n = 22). The levels of serum PO were analyzed using gas chromatography. The association of serum PO levels with the clinical features and disease outcomes in IBD was examined. Serum PO levels were significantly higher in patients with CD than in controls, whereas no difference in these levels was observed between patients with UC and controls. Serum PO levels were significantly associated with the CD activity index. Additionally, high serum PO levels were associated with an increased risk of surgical intervention requirement during follow-up. In a pilot study with a few patients, high PO levels were observed in the mesenteric tissue in the active disease site of patients with CD (n = 7) compared with those with colon cancer (n = 6). Elevated serum PO levels might serve as a marker for local inflammation and prognosis in patients with CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Akazawa
- Tissue and Histopathology Section, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.
| | | | | | - Kiyuu Norimatsu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Junya Shiota
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Keiichi Hashiguchi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Maiko Tabuchi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Moto Kitayama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kayoko Matsushima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Yamaguchi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hisayoshi Kondo
- Biostatistics Section, Division of Scientific Data Registry, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagasaki, Japan
| | | | | | - Kazuhiko Nakao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Fuminao Takeshima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan.,Nagasaki Goto Chuoh Hospital, Goto, Japan
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Palmitoleate Protects against Zika Virus-Induced Placental Trophoblast Apoptosis. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9060643. [PMID: 34200091 PMCID: PMC8226770 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9060643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) infection in pregnancy is associated with the development of microcephaly, intrauterine growth restriction, and ocular damage in the fetus. ZIKV infection of the placenta plays a crucial role in the vertical transmission from the maternal circulation to the fetus. Our previous study suggested that ZIKV induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and apoptosis of placental trophoblasts. Here, we showed that palmitoleate, an omega-7 monounsaturated fatty acid, prevents ZIKV-induced ER stress and apoptosis in placental trophoblasts. Human trophoblast cell lines (JEG-3 and JAR) and normal immortalized trophoblasts (HTR-8) were used. We observed that ZIKV infection of the trophoblasts resulted in apoptosis and treatment of palmitoleate to ZIKV-infected cells significantly prevented apoptosis. However, palmitate (saturated fatty acid) did not offer protection from ZIKV-induced ER stress and apoptosis. We also observed that the Zika viral RNA copies were decreased, and the cell viability improved in ZIKV-infected cells treated with palmitoleate as compared to the infected cells without palmitoleate treatment. Further, palmitoleate was shown to protect against ZIKV-induced upregulation of ER stress markers, C/EBP homologous protein and X-box binding protein-1 splicing in placental trophoblasts. In conclusion, our studies suggest that palmitoleate protects placental trophoblasts against ZIKV-induced ER stress and apoptosis.
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Rivera K, Quiñones V, Amigo L, Santander N, Salas-Pérez F, Xavier A, Fernández-Galilea M, Carrasco G, Cabrera D, Arrese M, Busso D, Andia ME, Rigotti A. Lipoprotein receptor SR-B1 deficiency enhances adipose tissue inflammation and reduces susceptibility to hepatic steatosis during diet-induced obesity in mice. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2021; 1866:158909. [PMID: 33631309 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2021.158909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Scavenger receptor class B type 1 (SR-B1) is a membrane lipoprotein receptor/lipid transporter involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, but its role in obesity and fatty liver development is unclear. Here, we determined the effects of SR-B1 deficiency on plasma metabolic and inflammatory parameters as well as fat deposition in adipose tissue and liver during obesity. To induce obesity, we performed high-fat diet (HFD) exposure for 12 weeks in male SR-B1 knock-out (SR-B1-/-, n = 14) and wild-type (WT, n = 12) mice. Compared to HFD-fed WT mice, plasma from HFD-fed SR-B1-/- animals exhibited increased total cholesterol, triglycerides (TG) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels. In addition, hypertrophied adipocytes and macrophage-containing crown-like structures (CLS) were observed in adipose tissue from HFD-fed SR-B1 deficient mice. Remarkably, liver from obese SR-B1-/- mice showed attenuated TG content, dysregulation in hepatic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) expression, increased hepatic TG secretion, and altered hepatic fatty acid (FA) composition. In conclusion, we show that SR-B1 deficiency alters the metabolic environment of obese mice through modulation of liver and adipose tissue lipid accumulation. Our findings provide the basis for further elucidation of SR-B1's role in obesity and fatty liver, two major public health issues that increase the risk of advanced chronic diseases and overall mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Rivera
- Department of Nutrition, Diabetes, and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8320000, Chile; Millennium Nucleus for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, Santiago 7820436, Chile.
| | - Verónica Quiñones
- Department of Nutrition, Diabetes, and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8320000, Chile.
| | - Ludwig Amigo
- Department of Nutrition, Diabetes, and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8320000, Chile.
| | - Nicolás Santander
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Francisca Salas-Pérez
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de O'Higgins, Rancagua 2820000, Chile.
| | - Aline Xavier
- Millennium Nucleus for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, Santiago 7820436, Chile; Biomedical Imaging Center, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile.
| | - Marta Fernández-Galilea
- Centre for Nutrition Research, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona 31008, Spain; IDISNA, Navarra's Health Research Institute, Pamplona 31008, Spain.
| | - Gonzalo Carrasco
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8320000, Chile.
| | - Daniel Cabrera
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8320000, Chile; Faculty of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidad Bernardo O Higgins, Santiago 8370854, Chile.
| | - Marco Arrese
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8320000, Chile; Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Dolores Busso
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Center, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago 111711, Chile.
| | - Marcelo E Andia
- Millennium Nucleus for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, Santiago 7820436, Chile; Biomedical Imaging Center, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile.
| | - Attilio Rigotti
- Department of Nutrition, Diabetes, and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8320000, Chile; Millennium Nucleus for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, Santiago 7820436, Chile; Center of Molecular Nutrition and Chronic Diseases, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8320000, Chile.
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19
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Chen W, Shi Y, Li G, Huang C, Zhuang Y, Shu B, Cao X, Li Z, Hu G, Liu P, Guo X. Preparation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α polyclonal antibody: Its application in fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 182:179-186. [PMID: 33838185 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) play a key role in the regulation of metabolic homeostasis, inflammation, cellular growth, and differentiation. To further explore the potential role of PPARα in the energy homeostasis of fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome (FLHS), we reported the prokaryotic expression and purification of chicken PPARα subunit protein, and successfully prepared a polyclonal antibody against PPARα recombinant protein. The 987 bp PPARα subunit genes were cloned into the pEASY-T3 clone vector. Then the plasmid PCR products encoding 329 amino acids were ligated to pEASY-Blunt E2 vector and transformed into BL21 to induce expression. The recombinant PPARα subunit protein, containing His-tag, was purified by affinity column chromatography using Ni-NTA affinity column. Rabbit antiserum was generated by using the concentration of recombinant PPARα subunit protein as the antigen. The results of western blotting showed that the antiserum can specifically recognize chicken endogenous PPARα protein. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence showed that the PPARα mainly existed in the nucleus of hepatocytes, renal epithelial cells and hypothalamic endocrine nerve cells. More importantly, western blotting and real-time quantitative PCR indicated that FLHS significantly decreased the expression of PPARα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yan Shi
- School of Computer and Information Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Guyue Li
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yu Zhuang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Bo Shu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xianhong Cao
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhengqing Li
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Guoliang Hu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiaoquan Guo
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.
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20
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Hu W, Jiang S, Liao Y, Li J, Dong F, Guo J, Wang X, Fei L, Cui Y, Ren X, Xu N, Zhao L, Chen L, Zheng Y, Li L, Patzak A, Persson PB, Zheng Z, Lai EY. High phosphate impairs arterial endothelial function through AMPK-related pathways in mouse resistance arteries. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2021; 231:e13595. [PMID: 33835704 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS In patients with renal disease, high serum phosphate shows a relationship with cardiovascular risk. We speculate that high phosphate (HP) impairs arterial vasodilation via the endothelium and explore potential underlying mechanisms. METHODS Isolated vessel relaxation, endothelial function, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), oxidative stress status and protein expression were assessed in HP diet mice. Mitochondrial function and protein expression were assessed in HP-treated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). RESULTS High phosphate (1.3%) diet for 12 weeks impaired endothelium-dependent relaxation in mesenteric arteries, kidney interlobar arteries and afferent arterioles; reduced GFR and the blood pressure responses to acute administration of acetylcholine. The PPARα/LKB1/AMPK/eNOS pathway was attenuated in the endothelium of mesenteric arteries from HP diet mice. The observed vasodilatory impairment of mesenteric arteries was ameliorated by PPARα agonist WY-14643. The phosphate transporter PiT-1 knockdown prevented HP-mediated suppression of eNOS activity by impeding phosphorus influx in HUVECs. Endothelium cytoplasmic and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) were increased in HP diet mice. Moreover HP decreased the expression of mitochondrial-related antioxidant genes. Finally, mitochondrial membrane potential and PGC-1α expression were reduced by HP treatment in HUVECs, which was partly restored by AMPKα agonist. CONCLUSIONS HP impairs endothelial function by reducing NO bioavailability via decreasing eNOS activity and increasing mitochondrial ROS, in which the AMPK-related signalling pathways may play a key role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weipeng Hu
- Department of Physiology School of Basic Medical Sciences Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China
| | - Shan Jiang
- Department of Physiology School of Basic Medical Sciences Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China
| | - Yixin Liao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Nanfang HospitalSouthern Medical University Guangzhou China
| | - Jinhong Li
- Department of Nephrology Center of Kidney The Seventh Affiliate HospitalSun Yat‐sen University Shenzhen China
| | - Fang Dong
- Department of Physiology School of Basic Medical Sciences Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China
| | - Jie Guo
- Department of Physiology School of Basic Medical Sciences Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China
| | - Xiaohua Wang
- Department of Nephrology Center of Kidney The Seventh Affiliate HospitalSun Yat‐sen University Shenzhen China
| | - Lingyan Fei
- Department of Nephrology Center of Kidney The Seventh Affiliate HospitalSun Yat‐sen University Shenzhen China
| | - Yu Cui
- Department of Physiology School of Basic Medical Sciences Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China
| | - Xiaoqiu Ren
- Department of Physiology School of Basic Medical Sciences Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China
| | - Nan Xu
- Department of Physiology School of Basic Medical Sciences Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Department of Physiology School of Basic Medical Sciences Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China
- Department of Physiology School of Basic Medical Sciences Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou China
| | - Limeng Chen
- Department of Nephrology Peking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College Beijing China
| | - Yali Zheng
- Department of Nephrology Ningxia people’s hospital Yinchuan China
| | - Lingli Li
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension Georgetown University Washington DC USA
| | - Andreas Patzak
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität BerlinHumboldt‐Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health Berlin Germany
| | - Pontus B. Persson
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität BerlinHumboldt‐Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health Berlin Germany
| | - Zhihua Zheng
- Department of Nephrology Center of Kidney The Seventh Affiliate HospitalSun Yat‐sen University Shenzhen China
| | - En Yin Lai
- Department of Physiology School of Basic Medical Sciences Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China
- Department of Nephrology Center of Kidney The Seventh Affiliate HospitalSun Yat‐sen University Shenzhen China
- Department of Physiology School of Basic Medical Sciences Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou China
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität BerlinHumboldt‐Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health Berlin Germany
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21
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Sistilli G, Kalendova V, Cajka T, Irodenko I, Bardova K, Oseeva M, Zacek P, Kroupova P, Horakova O, Lackner K, Gastaldelli A, Kuda O, Kopecky J, Rossmeisl M. Krill Oil Supplementation Reduces Exacerbated Hepatic Steatosis Induced by Thermoneutral Housing in Mice with Diet-Induced Obesity. Nutrients 2021; 13:437. [PMID: 33572810 PMCID: PMC7912192 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Preclinical evidence suggests that n-3 fatty acids EPA and DHA (Omega-3) supplemented as phospholipids (PLs) may be more effective than triacylglycerols (TAGs) in reducing hepatic steatosis. To further test the ability of Omega-3 PLs to alleviate liver steatosis, we used a model of exacerbated non-alcoholic fatty liver disease based on high-fat feeding at thermoneutral temperature. Male C57BL/6N mice were fed for 24 weeks a lard-based diet given either alone (LHF) or supplemented with Omega-3 (30 mg/g diet) as PLs (krill oil; ω3PL) or TAGs (Epax 3000TG concentrate; ω3TG), which had a similar total content of EPA and DHA and their ratio. Substantial levels of TAG accumulation (~250 mg/g) but relatively low inflammation/fibrosis levels were achieved in the livers of control LHF mice. Liver steatosis was reduced by >40% in the ω3PL but not ω3TG group, and plasma ALT levels were markedly reduced (by 68%) in ω3PL mice as well. Krill oil administration also improved hepatic insulin sensitivity, and its effects were associated with high plasma adiponectin levels (150% of LHF mice) along with superior bioavailability of EPA, increased content of alkaloids stachydrine and trigonelline, suppression of lipogenic gene expression, and decreased diacylglycerol levels in the liver. This study reveals that in addition to Omega-3 PLs, other constituents of krill oil, such as alkaloids, may contribute to its strong antisteatotic effects in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Sistilli
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic; (G.S.); (V.K.); (T.C.); (I.I.); (K.B.); (M.O.); (P.K.); (O.H.); (O.K.); (J.K.)
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Vinicna 7, 12844 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Kalendova
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic; (G.S.); (V.K.); (T.C.); (I.I.); (K.B.); (M.O.); (P.K.); (O.H.); (O.K.); (J.K.)
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Vinicna 7, 12844 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Cajka
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic; (G.S.); (V.K.); (T.C.); (I.I.); (K.B.); (M.O.); (P.K.); (O.H.); (O.K.); (J.K.)
| | - Illaria Irodenko
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic; (G.S.); (V.K.); (T.C.); (I.I.); (K.B.); (M.O.); (P.K.); (O.H.); (O.K.); (J.K.)
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Vinicna 7, 12844 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Kristina Bardova
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic; (G.S.); (V.K.); (T.C.); (I.I.); (K.B.); (M.O.); (P.K.); (O.H.); (O.K.); (J.K.)
| | - Marina Oseeva
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic; (G.S.); (V.K.); (T.C.); (I.I.); (K.B.); (M.O.); (P.K.); (O.H.); (O.K.); (J.K.)
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Vinicna 7, 12844 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Zacek
- Proteomics Core Facility, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Division BIOCEV, Prumyslova 595, 25250 Vestec, Czech Republic;
| | - Petra Kroupova
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic; (G.S.); (V.K.); (T.C.); (I.I.); (K.B.); (M.O.); (P.K.); (O.H.); (O.K.); (J.K.)
| | - Olga Horakova
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic; (G.S.); (V.K.); (T.C.); (I.I.); (K.B.); (M.O.); (P.K.); (O.H.); (O.K.); (J.K.)
| | - Karoline Lackner
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010 Graz, Austria;
| | - Amalia Gastaldelli
- Cardiometabolic Risk Unit, Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Via Moruzzi 1, 56100 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Ondrej Kuda
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic; (G.S.); (V.K.); (T.C.); (I.I.); (K.B.); (M.O.); (P.K.); (O.H.); (O.K.); (J.K.)
| | - Jan Kopecky
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic; (G.S.); (V.K.); (T.C.); (I.I.); (K.B.); (M.O.); (P.K.); (O.H.); (O.K.); (J.K.)
| | - Martin Rossmeisl
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic; (G.S.); (V.K.); (T.C.); (I.I.); (K.B.); (M.O.); (P.K.); (O.H.); (O.K.); (J.K.)
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Monounsaturated Fatty Acids in Obesity-Related Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010330. [PMID: 33396940 PMCID: PMC7795523 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is an important aspect of the metabolic syndrome and is often associated with chronic inflammation. In this context, inflammation of organs participating in energy homeostasis (such as liver, adipose tissue, muscle and pancreas) leads to the recruitment and activation of macrophages, which secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines. Interleukin-1β secretion, sustained C-reactive protein plasma levels and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome characterize this inflammation. The Stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1) enzyme is a central regulator of lipid metabolism and fat storage. This enzyme catalyzes the generation of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs)-major components of triglycerides stored in lipid droplets-from saturated fatty acid (SFA) substrates. In this review, we describe the molecular effects of specific classes of fatty acids (saturated and unsaturated) to better understand the impact of different diets (Western versus Mediterranean) on inflammation in a metabolic context. Given the beneficial effects of a MUFA-rich Mediterranean diet, we also present the most recent data on the role of SCD1 activity in the modulation of SFA-induced chronic inflammation.
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23
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Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in the pathogenesis and therapies of liver fibrosis. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 222:107791. [PMID: 33321113 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a dynamic wound-healing process associated with the deposition of extracellular matrix produced by myofibroblasts. HSCs activation, inflammation, oxidative stress, steatosis and aging play critical roles in the progression of liver fibrosis, which is correlated with the regulation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) pathway. As nuclear receptors, PPARs reduce inflammatory response, regulate lipid metabolism, and inhibit fibrogenesis in the liver associated with aging. Thus, PPAR ligands have been investigated as possible therapeutic agents. Mounting evidence indicated that some PPAR agonists could reverse steatohepatitis and liver fibrosis. Consequently, targeting PPARs might be a promising and novel therapeutic option against liver fibrosis. This review summarizes recent studies on the role of PPARs on the pathogenesis and treatment of liver fibrosis.
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Diniz TA, de Lima Junior EA, Teixeira AA, Biondo LA, da Rocha LAF, Valadão IC, Silveira LS, Cabral-Santos C, de Souza CO, Rosa Neto JC. Aerobic training improves NAFLD markers and insulin resistance through AMPK-PPAR-α signaling in obese mice. Life Sci 2020; 266:118868. [PMID: 33310034 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Liver steatosis is one of the main drivers for the development of whole-body insulin resistance. Conversely, aerobic training (AT) has been suggested as non-pharmacological tool to improve liver steatosis, however, the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the effect of 8-weeks AT in non-alcoholic liver disease (NAFLD) outcomes in obese mice. Male C57BL/6 J wild type (WT) were fed with standard (SD) or high-fat diet (HFD) for 12-weeks. Another group fed with HFD underwent 8-weeks of AT (60% of maximum velocity), initiated at the 5th week of experimental protocol. We measured metabolic, body composition parameters, protein and gene expression inflammatory and metabolic mediators. We found that AT attenuates the weight gain, but not body fat accumulation. AT improved triacylglycerol and non-esterified fatty acid plasma concentrations, and also whole-body insulin resistance. Regarding NAFLD, AT decreased the progression of macrovesicular steatosis and inflammation through the upregulation of AMPK Thr172 phosphorylation and PPAR-α protein expression. Moreover, although no effects of intervention in PPAR-γ protein concentration were observed, we found increased levels of its target genes Cd36 and Scd1 in exercised group, demonstrating augmented transcriptional activity. AT reduced liver cytokines concentrations, such as TNF-α, IL-10, MCP-1 and IL-6, regardless of increased Ser536 NF-κB phosphorylation. In fact, none of the interventions regulated NF-κB target genes Il1b and Cccl2, demonstrating its low transcriptional activity. Therefore, we conclude that AT attenuates the progression of liver macrovesicular steatosis and inflammation through AMPK-PPAR-α signaling and PPAR-γ activation, respectively, improving insulin resistance in obese mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiego Aparecido Diniz
- Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of São Paulo, Avenida Prof Lineu Prestes, 1524, CEP 05508-900 Butantã, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edson Alves de Lima Junior
- Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of São Paulo, Avenida Prof Lineu Prestes, 1524, CEP 05508-900 Butantã, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Abílio Teixeira
- Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of São Paulo, Avenida Prof Lineu Prestes, 1524, CEP 05508-900 Butantã, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luana Amorim Biondo
- Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of São Paulo, Avenida Prof Lineu Prestes, 1524, CEP 05508-900 Butantã, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Loreana Sanches Silveira
- Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of São Paulo, Avenida Prof Lineu Prestes, 1524, CEP 05508-900 Butantã, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carol Cabral-Santos
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Physical Education, University of the State of Sao Paulo, Rua Roberto Simonsen, 305, 19060-900 Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Camila Oliveira de Souza
- Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of São Paulo, Avenida Prof Lineu Prestes, 1524, CEP 05508-900 Butantã, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Cesar Rosa Neto
- Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of São Paulo, Avenida Prof Lineu Prestes, 1524, CEP 05508-900 Butantã, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Li J, Zuo K, Zhang J, Hu C, Wang P, Jiao J, Liu Z, Yin X, Liu X, Li K, Yang X. Shifts in gut microbiome and metabolome are associated with risk of recurrent atrial fibrillation. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:13356-13369. [PMID: 33058365 PMCID: PMC7701499 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternations of gut microbiota (GM) in atrial fibrillation (AF) with elevated diversity, perturbed composition and function have been described previously. The current work aimed to assess the association of GM composition with AF recurrence (RAF) after ablation based on metagenomic sequencing and metabolomic analyses and to construct a GM-based predictive model for RAF. Compared with non-AF controls (50 individuals), GM composition and metabolomic profile were significantly altered between patients with recurrent AF (17 individuals) and non-RAF group (23 individuals). Notably, discriminative taxa between the non-RAF and RAF groups, including the families Nitrosomonadaceae and Lentisphaeraceae, the genera Marinitoga and Rufibacter and the species Faecalibacterium spCAG:82, Bacillus gobiensis and Desulfobacterales bacterium PC51MH44, were selected to construct a taxonomic scoring system based on LASSO analysis. After incorporating the clinical factors of RAF, taxonomic score retained a significant association with RAF incidence (HR = 2.647, P = .041). An elevated AUC (0.954) and positive NRI (1.5601) for predicting RAF compared with traditional clinical scoring (AUC = 0.6918) were obtained. The GM-based taxonomic scoring system theoretically improves the model performance, and the nomogram and decision curve analysis validated the clinical value of the predicting model. These data provide novel possibility that incorporating the GM factor into future recurrent risk stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Heart Center & Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Zuo
- Heart Center & Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Heart Center & Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chaowei Hu
- Key Laboratory of Upper Airway Dysfunction-related Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Pan Wang
- Heart Center & Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Jiao
- Heart Center & Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Heart Center & Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiandong Yin
- Heart Center & Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqing Liu
- Heart Center & Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Xinchun Yang
- Heart Center & Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Song S, Xia T, Zhu C, Xue J, Fu Q, Hua C, Hooiveld GJEJ, Müller M, Li C. Effects of Casein, Chicken, and Pork Proteins on the Regulation of Body Fat and Blood Inflammatory Factors and Metabolite Patterns Are Largely Dependent on the Protein Level and Less Attributable to the Protein Source. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:9398-9407. [PMID: 32797752 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c03337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The impact of meat protein on metabolic regulation is still disputed and may be influenced by protein level. This study aimed to explore the effects of casein, pork, and chicken proteins at different protein levels (40% E vs 20% E) on body weight regulation, body fat accumulation, serum hormone levels, and inflammatory factors/metabolites in rats maintained on high-fat (45% E fat) diets for 84 d. Increased protein levels resulted in a significant reduction in body fat mass and an increase in the serum levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, independent of protein source. Analysis of blood via untargeted metabolomics analysis identified eight, four, and four metabolites significantly altered by protein level, protein source, and a protein level-source interaction, respectively. Together, the effects of casein, chicken, and pork protein on the regulation of body fat accumulation and blood metabolite profile are largely dependent on protein level and less attributable to the protein source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangxin Song
- School of Food Science, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, 3601 Hongjing Road, Nanjing 211171, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianlan Xia
- School of Food Science, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, 3601 Hongjing Road, Nanjing 211171, People's Republic of China
| | - Changqing Zhu
- School of Food Science, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, 3601 Hongjing Road, Nanjing 211171, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingqi Xue
- School of Food Science, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, 3601 Hongjing Road, Nanjing 211171, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingquan Fu
- School of Food Science, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, 3601 Hongjing Road, Nanjing 211171, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun Hua
- School of Food Science, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, 3601 Hongjing Road, Nanjing 211171, People's Republic of China
| | - Guido J E J Hooiveld
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen 6700 HB, The Netherlands
| | - Michael Müller
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 2QR, England
| | - Chunbao Li
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, MOE; Key Laboratory of Animal Products Processing, MOA; Jiangsu Synergetic Innovation Center of Meat Processing and Quality Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
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27
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Liu Y, Kuang A, Talbot O, Bain JR, Muehlbauer MJ, Hayes MG, Ilkayeva OR, Lowe LP, Metzger BE, Newgard CB, Scholtens DM, Lowe WL. Metabolomic and genetic associations with insulin resistance in pregnancy. Diabetologia 2020; 63:1783-1795. [PMID: 32556615 PMCID: PMC7416451 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-020-05198-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Our study aimed to integrate maternal metabolic and genetic data related to insulin sensitivity during pregnancy to provide novel insights into mechanisms underlying pregnancy-induced insulin resistance. METHODS Fasting and 1 h serum samples were collected from women in the Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome study who underwent an OGTT at ∼28 weeks' gestation. We obtained targeted and non-targeted metabolomics and genome-wide association data from 1600 and 4528 mothers, respectively, in four ancestry groups (Northern European, Afro-Caribbean, Mexican American and Thai); 1412 of the women had both metabolomics and genome-wide association data. Insulin sensitivity was calculated using a modified insulin sensitivity index that included fasting and 1 h glucose and C-peptide levels after a 75 g glucose load. RESULTS Per-metabolite and network analyses across the four ancestries identified numerous metabolites associated with maternal insulin sensitivity before and 1 h after a glucose load, ranging from amino acids and carbohydrates to fatty acids and lipids. Genome-wide association analyses identified 12 genetic variants in the glucokinase regulatory protein gene locus that were significantly associated with maternal insulin sensitivity, including a common functional missense mutation, rs1260326 (β = -0.2004, p = 4.67 × 10-12 in a meta-analysis across the four ancestries). This SNP was also significantly associated with multiple fasting and 1 h metabolites during pregnancy, including fasting and 1 h triacylglycerols and 2-hydroxybutyrate and 1 h lactate, 2-ketoleucine/ketoisoleucine and palmitoleic acid. Mediation analysis suggested that 1 h palmitoleic acid contributes, in part, to the association of rs1260326 with maternal insulin sensitivity, explaining 13.7% (95% CI 4.0%, 23.3%) of the total effect. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION The present study demonstrates commonalities between metabolites and genetic variants associated with insulin sensitivity in the gravid and non-gravid states and provides insights into mechanisms underlying pregnancy-induced insulin resistance. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Rubloff 12, 420 E. Superior St, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Department of Endocrinology, South Campus, Renji Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Alan Kuang
- Department of Preventive Medicine (Biostatistics), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 680 N. Lake Shore Drive, Suite 1400, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Octavious Talbot
- Department of Preventive Medicine (Biostatistics), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 680 N. Lake Shore Drive, Suite 1400, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - James R Bain
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Michael J Muehlbauer
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, NC, USA
| | - M Geoffrey Hayes
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Rubloff 12, 420 E. Superior St, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Olga R Ilkayeva
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Lynn P Lowe
- Department of Preventive Medicine (Biostatistics), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 680 N. Lake Shore Drive, Suite 1400, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Boyd E Metzger
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Rubloff 12, 420 E. Superior St, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Christopher B Newgard
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Denise M Scholtens
- Department of Preventive Medicine (Biostatistics), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 680 N. Lake Shore Drive, Suite 1400, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
| | - William L Lowe
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Rubloff 12, 420 E. Superior St, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
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Collado-González J, Cano-Lamadrid M, Pérez-López D, Carbonell-Barrachina ÁA, Centeno A, Medina S, Griñán I, Guy A, Galano JM, Durand T, Domínguez-Perles R, Torrecillas A, Ferreres F, Gil-Izquierdo Á. Effects of Deficit Irrigation, Rootstock, and Roasting on the Contents of Fatty Acids, Phytoprostanes, and Phytofurans in Pistachio Kernels. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:8915-8924. [PMID: 32683865 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c02901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) is a drought-tolerant species grown under the semiarid conditions of the Mediterranean basin. For this reason, it is essential to make an exhaustive quantification of yield and quality benefits of the kernels because the regulated deficit irrigation will allow significant water savings with a minimum impact on yield while improving kernel quality. The goal of this scientific work was to study the influence of the rootstock, water deficit during pit hardening, and kernel roasting on pistachio (P. vera, cv. Kerman) fruit yield, fruit size, and kernel content of fatty acids phytoprostanes (PhytoPs) and phytofurans (PhytoFs) for the first time. Water stress during pit hardening did not affect the pistachio yield. The kernel cultivar showed a lower oleic acid and a higher linoleic acid contents than other cultivars. Kernels from plants grafted on the studied rootstocks showed very interesting characteristics. P. integerrima led to the highest percentage of monounsaturated fatty acids. Regarding the plant oxylipins, P. terebinthus led to the highest contents of PhytoPs and PhytoFs (1260 ng/100 g and 16.2 ng/100 g, respectively). In addition, nuts from trees cultivated under intermediate water deficit during pit hardening showed increased contents of the 9-series F1-phytoprostanes and ent-16(RS)-9-epi-ST-Δ14-10-phytofuran. However, roasting of pistachios led to PhytoP degradation. Therefore, plant cultivar, deficit irrigation, rootstock, and roasting must be considered to enhance biosynthesis of these secondary metabolites. New tools using agricultural strategies to produce hydroSOS pistachios have been opened thanks to the biological properties of these prostaglandin-like compounds linking agriculture, nutrition, and food science technology for further research initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacinta Collado-González
- Department of Agro-Food Technology, Research Group ″Food Quality and Safety, CSA", Miguel Hernández University of Elche (UMH). Escuela Politécnica Superior de Orihuela (EPSO), Carretera de Beniel, km 3,2, Orihuela, Alicante 03312, Spain
| | - Marina Cano-Lamadrid
- Department of Agro-Food Technology, Research Group ″Food Quality and Safety, CSA", Miguel Hernández University of Elche (UMH). Escuela Politécnica Superior de Orihuela (EPSO), Carretera de Beniel, km 3,2, Orihuela, Alicante 03312, Spain
| | - David Pérez-López
- Department of Agricultural Production, School of Agricultural Engineering, Technical University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Ángel A Carbonell-Barrachina
- Department of Agro-Food Technology, Research Group ″Food Quality and Safety, CSA", Miguel Hernández University of Elche (UMH). Escuela Politécnica Superior de Orihuela (EPSO), Carretera de Beniel, km 3,2, Orihuela, Alicante 03312, Spain
| | - Ana Centeno
- Department of Agricultural Production, School of Agricultural Engineering, Technical University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Sonia Medina
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods. Food Science and Technology Dept., CEBAS-CSIC, Campus de Espinardo 25, Espinardo 30100, Spain
| | - Isabel Griñán
- Department of Plant Production and Microbiology. Plant Production and Technology Research Group, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Carretera. de Beniel, km 3,2, Orihuela, Alicante E-03312, Spain
| | - Alexandre Guy
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, IBMM, UMR 5247, University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier 34093, France
| | - Jean-Marie Galano
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, IBMM, UMR 5247, University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier 34093, France
| | - Thierry Durand
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, IBMM, UMR 5247, University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier 34093, France
| | - Raúl Domínguez-Perles
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods. Food Science and Technology Dept., CEBAS-CSIC, Campus de Espinardo 25, Espinardo 30100, Spain
| | - Arturo Torrecillas
- Departamento de Producción Vegetal y Microbiología, Escuela Politécnica Superior de Orihuela, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Carretera de Beniel, Km 3.2, Orihuela 03312, Spain
| | - Federico Ferreres
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Molecular Recognition and Encapsulation (REM) Group, Universidad Católica de Murcia (UCAM), Campus Los Jerónimos, s/n, Murcia 30107, Spain
| | - Ángel Gil-Izquierdo
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods. Food Science and Technology Dept., CEBAS-CSIC, Campus de Espinardo 25, Espinardo 30100, Spain
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Souza CO, Teixeira AAS, Biondo LA, Silveira LS, de Souza Breda CN, Braga TT, Camara NOS, Belchior T, Festuccia WT, Diniz TA, Ferreira GM, Hirata MH, Chaves-Filho AB, Yoshinaga MY, Miyamoto S, Calder PC, Sethi JK, Rosa Neto JC. Palmitoleic acid reduces high fat diet-induced liver inflammation by promoting PPAR-γ-independent M2a polarization of myeloid cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1865:158776. [PMID: 32738301 PMCID: PMC7487782 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Palmitoleic acid (POA, 16:1n-7) is a lipokine that has potential nutraceutical use to treat non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. We tested the effects of POA supplementation (daily oral gavage, 300 mg/Kg, 15 days) on murine liver inflammation induced by a high fat diet (HFD, 59% fat, 12 weeks). In HFD-fed mice, POA supplementation reduced serum insulin and improved insulin tolerance compared with oleic acid (OA, 300 mg/Kg). The livers of POA-treated mice exhibited less steatosis and inflammation than those of OA-treated mice with lower inflammatory cytokine levels and reduced toll-like receptor 4 protein content. The anti-inflammatory effects of POA in the liver were accompanied by a reduction in liver macrophages (LM, CD11c+; F4/80+; CD86+), an effect that could be triggered by peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR)-γ, a lipogenic transcription factor upregulated in livers of POA-treated mice. We also used HFD-fed mice with selective deletion of PPAR-γ in myeloid cells (PPAR-γ KOLyzCre+) to test whether the beneficial anti-inflammatory effects of POA are dependent on macrophages PPAR-γ. POA-mediated improvement of insulin tolerance was tightly dependent on myeloid PPAR-γ, while POA anti-inflammatory actions including the reduction in liver inflammatory cytokines were preserved in mice bearing myeloid cells deficient in PPAR-γ. This overlapped with increased CD206+ (M2a) cells and downregulation of CD86+ and CD11c+ liver macrophages. Moreover, POA supplementation increased hepatic AMPK activity and decreased expression of the fatty acid binding scavenger receptor, CD36. We conclude that POA controls liver inflammation triggered by fat accumulation through induction of M2a macrophages independently of myeloid cell PPAR-γ. Palmitoleic acid (POA) supplementation reduced serum insulin and improved insulin tolerance; Livers of POA-treated mice exhibited less steatosis and inflammation; POA lowered the liver M1 macrophages population and the expression of inflammation-related immune-cell markers; POA increased PPAR-γ, a transcription factor that regulates anti-inflammatory effects in macrophages; However, POA reduced liver inflammation even in mice that lack PPAR-γ expression in myeloid cells; POA controls liver inflammation through induction of M2a macrophages independently of PPAR-γ in myeloid cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila O Souza
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Alexandre A S Teixeira
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Luana Amorim Biondo
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Loreana Sanches Silveira
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Cristiane N de Souza Breda
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Tarcio T Braga
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Niels O S Camara
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Thiago Belchior
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - William T Festuccia
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Tiego A Diniz
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Glaucio Monteiro Ferreira
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology applied to Diagnosis (LBMAD), Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mario Hiroyuki Hirata
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology applied to Diagnosis (LBMAD), Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Adriano B Chaves-Filho
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcos Y Yoshinaga
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Sayuri Miyamoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Philip C Calder
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK; Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Jaswinder K Sethi
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK; Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - José C Rosa Neto
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Huang X, Yi S, Hu J, Du Z, Wang Q, Ye Z, Cao Q, Su G, Yuan G, Zhou C, Wang Y, Kijlstra A, Yang P. Analysis of the role of palmitoleic acid in acute anterior uveitis. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 84:106552. [PMID: 32422526 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To study the role of palmitoleic acid (PA) in the pathogenesis of acute anterior uveitis (AAU). METHODS PA levels in feces from AAU patients were measured by gas chromatography coupled with a mass spectrometer (GC-MS) and compared with samples obtained from healthy individuals. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and flow cytometry (FCM) were used to assess the effect of PA on dendritic cells (DCs) and CD4+T cells obtained from mice, AAU patients and healthy individuals. C57BL/6 mice were fed with PA or vehicle and experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) was induced with a human retinal IRBP651-670 peptide. Disease severity of EAU was evaluated by clinical manifestation and histology. Differentiation of splenic Type 1 helper T cells (Th1) and Th17 cells was evaluated by FCM. Tandem mass tag (TMT)-based proteomics analysis was used to identify differentially expressed proteins following incubation of DCs with PA. RESULTS The fecal concentration of PA was increased in AAU patients as compared with healthy individuals. In vitro, PA promoted apoptosis of DCs and inhibited the secretion of TNF-α from mouse bone-marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) as well as in DCs from AAU patients and healthy individuals. It only decreased DCs surface marker expression and IL-12p70 secretion in BMDCs and healthy individuals DCs but not in AAU patient DCs. PA-treated BMDCs inhibited Th cell differentiation from mouse naïve CD4+T cells and IL-17 and IFN-γ secretion in co-culture supernatants. PA also inhibited the differentiation of Th cells and secretion of IFN-γ and IL-17 in CD4+T cells from mice, AAU patients and healthy individuals. In vivo, PA-treated EAU mice showed milder clinical and histopathological intraocular manifestations as compared with the control group. PA feeding inhibited differentiation of splenic Th17 cells, whereas Th1 cells were not affected. Up to 30 upregulated and 77 downregulated proteins were identified when comparing PA-treated DCs with controls. CONCLUSION An increased expression of fecal PA was observed in AAU patients. PA was shown to have immunoregulatory effects on DCs and CD4+T cells and attenuated disease severity in EAU mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, and Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Shenglan Yi
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, and Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Jianping Hu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, and Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Ziyu Du
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, and Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Qingfeng Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, and Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Zi Ye
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, and Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Qingfeng Cao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, and Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Guannan Su
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, and Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Gangxiang Yuan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, and Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Chunjiang Zhou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, and Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Yao Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, and Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Aize Kijlstra
- University Eye Clinic Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Peizeng Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, and Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, PR China.
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Ewendt F, Hirche F, Feger M, Föller M. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα)-dependent regulation of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23). Pflugers Arch 2020; 472:503-511. [PMID: 32189072 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-020-02363-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Bone cells secrete fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), a hormone that inhibits the synthesis of active vitamin D (1,25(OH)2D3) and induces phosphate excretion in the kidney. In addition, it exerts paracrine effects on other cells including hepatocytes, cardiomyocytes, and immune cells. The production of FGF23 is controlled by different factors including parathyroid hormone, 1,25(OH)2D3, alimentary phosphate, insulin, inflammation, and AMP-dependent kinase (AMPK) regulation of store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE). Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) is a transcription factor with anti-inflammatory properties regulating lipid metabolism. Fibrates, PPARα agonists, are used in the treatment of dyslipidemia and activate AMPK. Here, we tested whether PPARα is a regulator of FGF23. Fgf23 gene expression was analyzed in UMR106 rat osteoblast-like cells by qRT-PCR, AMPK phosphorylation by Western blotting, and SOCE assessed by fluorescence optics. PPARα agonists fenofibrate and WY-14643 suppressed, whereas PPARα antagonist GW6471 and siRNA-mediated knockdown of PPARα induced Fgf23 gene expression. Fenofibrate induced AMPK activity in UMR106 cells and lowered SOCE. AMPK inhibitor compound C abrogated the PPARα effect on FGF23 in large part. Silencing of Orai-1 resulted in failure of PPARα to significantly influence Fgf23 expression. Taken together, PPARα is a potent regulator of FGF23. PPARα agonists down-regulate FGF23 formation at least in part through AMPK-mediated suppression of SOCE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franz Ewendt
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Science, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Frank Hirche
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Science, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Martina Feger
- Department of Physiology, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstraße 30, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Michael Föller
- Department of Physiology, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstraße 30, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany.
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Tricò D, Mengozzi A, Nesti L, Hatunic M, Gabriel Sanchez R, Konrad T, Lalić K, Lalić NM, Mari A, Natali A. Circulating palmitoleic acid is an independent determinant of insulin sensitivity, beta cell function and glucose tolerance in non-diabetic individuals: a longitudinal analysis. Diabetologia 2020; 63:206-218. [PMID: 31676981 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-019-05013-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Experimental studies suggest that the fatty acid palmitoleate may act as an adipocyte-derived lipid hormone (or 'lipokine') to regulate systemic metabolism. We investigated the relationship of circulating palmitoleate with insulin sensitivity, beta cell function and glucose tolerance in humans. METHODS Plasma NEFA concentration and composition were determined in non-diabetic individuals from the Relationship between Insulin Sensitivity and Cardiovascular disease (RISC) study cohort at baseline (n = 1234) and after a 3 year follow-up (n = 924). Glucose tolerance, insulin secretion and beta cell function were assessed during an OGTT. Whole-body insulin sensitivity was measured by a hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp (M/I) and OGTT (oral glucose insulin sensitivity index [OGIS]). The liver insulin resistance index was calculated using clinical and biochemical data. Body composition including fat mass was determined by bioelectrical impedance. RESULTS Circulating palmitoleate was proportional to fat mass (r = 0.21, p < 0.0001) and total NEFA levels (r = 0.19, p < 0.0001). It correlated with whole-body insulin sensitivity (M/I: standardised regression coefficient [std. β] = 0.16, p < 0.0001), liver insulin resistance (std. β = -0.14, p < 0.0001), beta cell function (potentiation: std. β = 0.08, p = 0.045) and glucose tolerance (2 h glucose: std. β = -0.24, p < 0.0001) after adjustment for age, sex, BMI, adiposity and other NEFA. High palmitoleate concentrations prevented the decrease in insulin sensitivity associated with excess palmitate (p = 0.0001). In a longitudinal analysis, a positive independent relationship was observed between changes in palmitoleate and insulin sensitivity over time (std. β = 0.07, p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION We demonstrated that plasma palmitoleate is an independent determinant of insulin sensitivity, beta cell function and glucose tolerance in non-diabetic individuals. These results support the role of palmitoleate as a beneficial lipokine released by adipose tissue to prevent the negative effects of adiposity and excess NEFA on systemic glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Tricò
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma 67, 56126, Pisa, Italy.
- Institute of Life Sciences, Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Mengozzi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma 67, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Nesti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma 67, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Mensud Hatunic
- Department of Endocrinology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, University College Dublin School of Medicine, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Thomas Konrad
- Institute for Metabolic Research, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Katarina Lalić
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nebojša M Lalić
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Andrea Mari
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council, Padua, Italy
| | - Andrea Natali
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma 67, 56126, Pisa, Italy
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Aljohani A, Khan MI, Bonneville A, Guo C, Jeffery J, O'Neill L, Syed DN, Lewis SA, Burhans M, Mukhtar H, Ntambi JM. Hepatic stearoyl CoA desaturase 1 deficiency increases glucose uptake in adipose tissue partially through the PGC-1α-FGF21 axis in mice. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:19475-19485. [PMID: 31690632 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.009868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased carbohydrate consumption increases hepatic de novo lipogenesis, which has been linked to the development of chronic metabolic diseases, including obesity, hepatic steatosis, and insulin resistance. Stearoyl CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) is a critical lipogenic enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of two monounsaturated fatty acids, oleate and palmitoleate, from the saturated fatty acids stearate and palmitate, respectively. SCD1-deficient mouse models are protected against diet-induced adiposity, hepatic steatosis, and hyperglycemia. However, the mechanism of this protection by SCD1 deficiency is unclear. Using liver-specific SCD1 knockout (LKO) mice fed a high-carbohydrate, low-fat diet, we show that hepatic SCD1 deficiency increases systemic glucose uptake. Hepatic SCD1 deficiency enhanced glucose transporter type 1 (GLUT1) expression in the liver and also up-regulated GLUT4 and adiponectin expression in adipose tissue. The enhanced glucose uptake correlated with increased liver expression and elevated plasma levels of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), a hepatokine known to increase systemic insulin sensitivity and regulate whole-body lipid metabolism. Feeding LKO mice a triolein-supplemented but not tristearin-supplemented high-carbohydrate, low-fat diet reduced FGF21 expression and plasma levels. Consistently, SCD1 inhibition in primary hepatocytes induced FGF21 expression, which was repressed by treatment with oleate but not palmitoleate. Moreover, deletion of the transcriptional coactivator PPARγ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) reduced hepatic and plasma FGF21 and white adipocyte tissue-specific GLUT4 expression and raised plasma glucose levels in LKO mice. These results suggest that hepatic oleate regulates glucose uptake in adipose tissue either directly or partially by modulating the hepatic PGC-1α-FGF21 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Aljohani
- Endocrinology and Reproductive Physiology Graduate Training Program, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706.,College of Science and Health Professions, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Imran Khan
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abram Bonneville
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Changan Guo
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Justin Jeffery
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Lucas O'Neill
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Deeba Nadeem Syed
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Sarah A Lewis
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Maggie Burhans
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Hasan Mukhtar
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - James M Ntambi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 .,Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
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Hu W, Fitzgerald M, Topp B, Alam M, O'Hare TJ. A review of biological functions, health benefits, and possible de novo biosynthetic pathway of palmitoleic acid in macadamia nuts. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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35
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Hernández-Saavedra D, Stanford KI. The Regulation of Lipokines by Environmental Factors. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2422. [PMID: 31614481 PMCID: PMC6835582 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is a highly metabolically-active tissue that senses and secretes hormonal and lipid mediators that facilitate adaptations to metabolic tissues. In recent years, the role of lipokines, which are lipid species predominantly secreted from adipose tissue that act as hormonal regulators in many metabolic tissues, has been an important area of research for obesity and diabetes. Previous studies have identified that these secreted lipids, including palmitoleate, 12,13-diHOME, and fatty acid-hydroxy-fatty acids (FAHFA) species, are important regulators of metabolism. Moreover, environmental factors that directly affect the secretion of lipokines such as diet, exercise, and exposure to cold temperatures constitute attractive therapeutic strategies, but the mechanisms that regulate lipokine stimulation have not been thoroughly reviewed. In this study, we will discuss the chemical characteristics of lipokines that position them as attractive targets for chronic disease treatment and prevention and the emerging roles of lipokines as regulators of inter-tissue communication. We will define the target tissues of lipokines, and explore the ability of lipokines to prevent or delay the onset and development of chronic diseases. Comprehensive understanding of the lipokine synthesis and lipokine-driven regulation of metabolic outcomes is instrumental for developing novel preventative and therapeutic strategies that harness adipose tissue-derived lipokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Hernández-Saavedra
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Kristin I Stanford
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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Chen J, Chen J, Fu H, Li Y, Wang L, Luo S, Lu H. Hypoxia exacerbates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease via the HIF-2α/PPARα pathway. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2019; 317:E710-E722. [PMID: 31430204 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00052.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate whether hypoxia can affect nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) progression and the associated mechanisms, specifically regarding the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-2α/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)α pathway in vitro and in vivo. Recent studies have reported that, compared with HIF-1α, HIF-2α has different effects on lipid metabolism. We propose hypoxia may exacerbate NAFLD by the HIF-2α upregulation-induced suppression of PPARα in the liver. To verify this hypothesis, a steatotic human hepatocyte (L02) cell line treated with free fatty acids and a mouse model of NAFLD fed a high-fat diet were used. Steatotic hepatocytes were treated with hypoxia, HIF-2α siRNA, PPARα agonists, and inhibitors, respectively. Meanwhile, the NAFLD mice were exposed to intermittent hypoxia or intermittent hypoxia with PPARα agonists. The relative gene expression levels of HIF-1α, HIF-2α, mitochondrial function, fatty acid β-oxidation and lipogenesis were examined. Evidence of lipid accumulation was observed, which demonstrated that, compared with normal hepatocytes, steatotic hepatocytes exhibited higher sensitivity to hypoxia. This phenomenon was closely associated with HIF-2α. Moreover, lipid accumulation in hepatocytes was ameliorated by HIF-2α silencing or a PPARα agonist, despite the hypoxia treatment. HIF-2α overexpression under hypoxic conditions suppressed PPARα, leading to PGC-1α, NRF-1, ESRRα downregulation, and mitochondrial impairment. Additionally, β-oxidation genes such as CPT1α, CPT2α, ACOX1, and ACOX2 were downregulated and lipogenesis genes including LXRα, FAS, and SCD1 were upregulated by hypoxia. Therefore, we concluded that HIF-2α overexpression induced by hypoxia aggravated NAFLD progression by suppressing fatty acid β-oxidation and inducing lipogenesis in the liver via PPARα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiandi Chen
- Department of Gerontology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianxu Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Huirong Fu
- Department of Gerontology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Gerontology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Department of Gerontology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Shunkui Luo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongyun Lu
- Department of Gerontology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
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Liu X, Zhao K, Yang X, Zhao Y. Gut Microbiota and Metabolome Response of Decaisnea insignis Seed Oil on Metabolism Disorder Induced by Excess Alcohol Consumption. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:10667-10677. [PMID: 31483636 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b04792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the modulatory effects of Decaisnea insignis seed oil (DISO), which was rich in palmitoleic acid (55.25%), palmitic acid (12.25%), and oleic acid (28.74%), on alcohol-induced metabolism disorder in mice. Fifty mice were orally administered with 38% alcohol (0.4 mL/day) and without or with DISO (3, 6, and 12 g/kg) for consecutive 12 weeks. DISO inhibited the alcohol-induced weight loss and liver function abnormality (p < 0.01) and shifted the profiles of cecal microbiome: elevating the abundance of Lactobacillus, Ruminoccoceae_UCG_004 (p < 0.05) and decreasing abundance of Parabacteroides (p < 0.05). This treatment also regulated metabolome response of amino acid and lipid metabolism in cecal content: upregulating 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid (p < 0.05), 6-hydroxynicotinic acid, 5-methoxytryptamine, nicotinamide, and nicotinic acid (p < 0.1) and downregulating androsterone, tryptophan, and indole-3-acetamide (p < 0.05). DISO protected against alcoholic liver injury and gut microbiota dysbiosis by enriching the relative abundance of Lactobacillus, which was positively associated with the improvement of intestinal permeability and tryptophan metabolism.
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Mao L, Zhang Y, Wang W, Zhuang P, Wu F, Jiao J. Plant-sourced and animal-sourced monounsaturated fatty acid intakes in relation to mortality: a prospective nationwide cohort study. Eur J Nutr 2019; 59:1989-1998. [PMID: 31297602 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-019-02048-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) are typical components of various plant-sourced and animal-sourced foods. However, the associations of MUFA consumption from different sources with mortality remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the relationships between MUFA intakes from plant and animal sources and mortality. METHODS A total of 14,305 participants from China Health and Nutrition Survey were prospectively followed up for 14 years. Dietary intake of MUFAs was assessed by 3-day 24-h dietary records in each round. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to compute hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS A total of 1006 deaths occurred during 199,091 person-years of follow-up. Intake of total MUFAs was not associated with mortality (P-trend = 0.17). The plant-sourced MUFA intake was strongly associated with lower mortality [HRQ4vsQ1 (95% CI) 0.72 (0.58-0.89); P-trend = 0.008], whereas animal-sourced MUFA intake showed no significant association. Likewise, oleic acid (OA) and palmitoleic acid (PA) intakes from plant sources were also inversely associated with mortality [HRQ4vsQ1 (95% CI) 0.66 (0.52-0.84) for OA and 0.73 (0.59-0.91) for PA], while animal-sourced OA and PA were not related to mortality. Theoretically replacing saturated fatty acids (SFAs) (5% of total energy) with isocaloric plant-sourced MUFAs was associated with 15% (95% CI 5-25%) lower mortality. In addition, 18% (95% CI 10-26%) lower mortality was observed when theoretically replacing the sum of SFAs and animal-sourced MUFAs with isocaloric plant-sourced MUFAs. CONCLUSIONS Intakes of MUFAs, including OA and PA, from plant but not animal sources were associated with lower total mortality. These findings suggested the importance of consuming MUFAs from plant-based foods for overall health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Mao
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenqiao Wang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Pan Zhuang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fei Wu
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingjing Jiao
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China.
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Solà Marsiñach M, Cuenca AP. The impact of sea buckthorn oil fatty acids on human health. Lipids Health Dis 2019; 18:145. [PMID: 31228942 PMCID: PMC6589177 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-019-1065-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The beneficial properties of fatty acids have been undervalued for several years. In contraposition, new studies reveal that fatty acids have an essential role for human health. The aim of the study is to demonstrate the clinical applications of fatty acids present in sea buckthorn oil. The composition of fatty acids found in sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) oil is unique for this species, presenting a vast range of health benefits for humans and therefore it is highly valued by both biomedicine and the cosmetic industry. In this way, we will see the clinical effect of monounsaturated, polyunsaturated and saturated fatty acids that constitute sea buckthorn oil and how they contribute to the correct function of the organism. Despite there being studies that support the positive effects of sea buckthorn fatty acids, they are limited. Hence, most of the results obtained in this review are from studies of isolated fatty acids instead of fatty acids extracted from sea buckthorn oil. These facts permit to demonstrate the effect of sea buckthorn fatty acids separately but we lost the possibility of detecting a synergic effect of all of them. More studies are necessary to certify the clinical application of the fatty acids present in sea buckthorn oil as well as discovering possible synergies between them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Solà Marsiñach
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Crta. de Valls, s/n, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Aleix Pellejero Cuenca
- Medicine Faculty - Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Passeig de la Vall d'Hebron, 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
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Yang ZH, Pryor M, Noguchi A, Sampson M, Johnson B, Pryor M, Donkor K, Amar M, Remaley AT. Dietary Palmitoleic Acid Attenuates Atherosclerosis Progression and Hyperlipidemia in Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Deficient Mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1900120. [PMID: 30921498 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201900120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Palmitoleic acid (palmitoleate; C16:1 n-7), an omega-7 monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) found in plants and marine sources, has been shown to favorably modulate lipid and glucose metabolism. However, its impact on atherosclerosis has not been examined in detail. METHODS AND RESULTS LDL receptor knock out (LDLR-KO) mice are fed a Western diet supplemented with 5% (w/w) palmitoleate concentrate, oleic-rich olive oil, or none (control) for 12 weeks. Dietary palmitoleate increases hepatic C16:1 levels, improves plasma and hepatic lipid/lipoprotein profiles (≈40% decrease in triglycerides), and reduces the atherosclerotic plaque area by ≈45% compared with control or olive oil group (p < 0.05). These favorable changes are accompanied by the downregulation of key genes, such as Srebp1c, Scd1, Il-1β, and Tnfα. ApoB-depleted plasma from mice fed palmitoleate has increased cholesterol efflux capacity by 20% from ABCA1-expressing cells (p < 0.05). A beneficial effect of palmitoleate on glucose metabolism (54% decreased in HOMA-IR, p < 0.05) is also observed. CONCLUSIONS Dietary-supplemented palmitoleate reduces atherosclerosis development in LDLR-KO mice, and is associated with improvement of lipid and glucose metabolism and favorable changes in regulatory genes involved in lipogenesis and inflammation. These findings imply the potential role of dietary palmitoleate in the prevention of cardiovascular disease and diet-induced metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hong Yang
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Milton Pryor
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Audrey Noguchi
- Murine Phenotyping Core, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Maureen Sampson
- Clinical Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Brittany Johnson
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Matthew Pryor
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Kwame Donkor
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Marcelo Amar
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Alan T Remaley
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
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Luo L, Fang K, Dan X, Gu M. Crocin ameliorates hepatic steatosis through activation of AMPK signaling in db/db mice. Lipids Health Dis 2019; 18:11. [PMID: 30621686 PMCID: PMC6325828 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-018-0955-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is closely linked to obesity, type 2 diabetes and other metabolic disorders worldwide. Crocin is a carotenoid compound possessing various pharmacological activities. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effect on fatty liver under diabetic and obese condition and to examine the possible role of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling. Methods db/db mice were administrated with crocin and injected with LV-shAMPK or its negative control lentivirus. Metabolic dysfunction, lipogenesis and fatty acid-oxidation in liver were evaluated. Results In db/db mice, we found that oral administration of crocin significantly upregulated the phosphorylation of AMPK and downregulated the phosphorylation of mTOR in liver. Crocin reduced liver weight, serum levels of alanine aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and liver triglyceride content, and attenuated morphological injury of liver in db/db mice. Crocin inhibited the mRNA expression of lipogenesis-associated genes, including sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, fatty acid synthase, stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1, and diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1, and increased the mRNA expression of genes involved in the regulation of β-oxidation of fatty acids, including PPARα, acyl-CoA oxidase 1, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1, and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 2. Moreover, treatment of crocin resulted in a amelioration of general metabolic disorder, as evidenced by decreased fasting blood glucose, reduced serum levels of insulin, triglyceride, total cholesterol, and non-esterified fatty acid, and improved glucose intolerance. Crocin-induced protective effects against fatty liver and metabolic disorder were significantly blocked by lentivirus-mediated downregulation of AMPK. Conclusions The results suggest that crocin can inhibit lipogenesis and promote β-oxidation of fatty acids through activation of AMPK, leading to improvement of fatty liver and metabolic dysfunction. Therefore, crocin may be a potential promising option for the clinical treatment for NAFLD and associated metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, NO.1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Kai Fang
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, NO.1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Xiaomeng Dan
- Hubei Institute For Drug Control, Wuhan, 430075, China
| | - Ming Gu
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, NO.1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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Vitali M, Dimauro C, Sirri R, Zappaterra M, Zambonelli P, Manca E, Sami D, Lo Fiego DP, Davoli R. Effect of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acid and antioxidant supplementation on the transcriptional level of genes involved in lipid and energy metabolism in swine. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204869. [PMID: 30286141 PMCID: PMC6171869 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine fat traits depend mostly on the interaction between nutritional and genetic factors. However, the pathways and biological processes influenced by this interaction are still poorly known in pigs, although they can have a huge impact on meat quality traits. The present research provides new knowledge insight into the effect of four diets (D1 = standard diet; D2 = linseed supplementation; D3 = linseed, vitamin E and selenium supplementation; D4 = linseed and plant-derived polyphenols supplementation) on the expression of 24 candidate genes selected for their role in lipid and energy metabolism. The data indicated that 10 out of 24 genes were differentially expressed among diets, namely ACACA, ADIPOQ, ADIPOR1, CHREBP (MLXPL), ELOVL6, FASN, G6PD, PLIN2, RXRA and SCD. Results from the univariate analysis displayed an increased expression of ACACA, ADIPOQ, ADIPOR1, CHREBP, ELOVL6, FASN, PLIN2, RXRA and SCD in D4 compared to D2. Similarly, ACACA, ADIPOQ, ADIPOR1, ELOVL6 and SCD were highly expressed in D4 compared to D3, while no differences were observed in D2-D3 comparison. Moreover, an increased expression of G6PD and ELOVL6 genes in D4 compared to D1 was observed. Results from the multivariate analysis confirmed that D2 was not different from D3 and that ACACA, SCD and FASN expression made D4 different from D2 and D3. Comparing D4 and D1, the expression levels of ELOVL6 and ACACA were the most influenced. This research provides evidence that the addition of both n-3 PUFA and polyphenols, derived from linseed, grape-skin and oregano supplementation in the diets, stimulates the expression of genes involved in lipogenesis and in oxidative processes. Results evidenced a greater effect on gene expression of the diet added with both plant extracts and n-3 PUFA, resulting in an increased expression of genes coding for fatty acid synthesis, desaturation and elongation in pig Longissimus thoracis muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marika Vitali
- Interdepartmental Centre of Industrial Agrifood Research (CIRI- AGRO) University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy
| | - Corrado Dimauro
- Department of Agronomy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
- * E-mail: (CD); (RD)
| | - Rubina Sirri
- Interdepartmental Centre of Industrial Agrifood Research (CIRI- AGRO) University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy
| | - Martina Zappaterra
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Zambonelli
- Interdepartmental Centre of Industrial Agrifood Research (CIRI- AGRO) University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Dalal Sami
- Interdepartmental Centre of Industrial Agrifood Research (CIRI- AGRO) University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy
| | - Domenico Pietro Lo Fiego
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio-Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Centre for Agri-Food Biological Resources Improvement and Valorisation (BIOGEST-SITEIA), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Roberta Davoli
- Interdepartmental Centre of Industrial Agrifood Research (CIRI- AGRO) University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy
- Department of Agronomy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
- * E-mail: (CD); (RD)
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Gestational Diabetes Alters the Metabolomic Profile in 2nd Trimester Amniotic Fluid in a Sex-Specific Manner. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092696. [PMID: 30201937 PMCID: PMC6165183 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal diabetes and obesity induce marked abnormalities in glucose homeostasis and insulin secretion in the fetus, and are linked to obesity, diabetes, and metabolic disease in the offspring, with specific metabolic characterization based on offspring sex. Gestational diabetes (GDM) has profound effects on the intrauterine milieu, which may reflect and/or modulate the function of the maternal–fetal unit. In order to characterize metabolic factors that affect offspring development, we profiled the metabolome of second trimester amniotic fluid (AF) from women who were subsequently diagnosed with gestational diabetes (GDM) using a targeted metabolomics approach, profiling 459 known biochemicals through gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) assays. Using a nested case-control study design, we identified 69 total biochemicals altered by GDM exposure, while sex-specific analysis identified 44 and 58 metabolites in male and female offspring, respectively. The most significant changes were in glucose, amino acid, glutathione, fatty acid, sphingolipid, and bile acid metabolism with specific changes identified based on the offspring sex. Targeted isotope dilution LC/MS confirmatory assays measured significant changes in docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid. We conclude that the sex-specific alterations in GDM maternal–fetal metabolism may begin to explain the sex-specific metabolic outcomes seen in offspring exposed to GDM in utero.
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Regulation of Metabolic Disease-Associated Inflammation by Nutrient Sensors. Mediators Inflamm 2018; 2018:8261432. [PMID: 30116154 PMCID: PMC6079375 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8261432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Visceral obesity is frequently associated with the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D), a highly prevalent chronic disease that features insulin resistance and pancreatic β-cell dysfunction as important hallmarks. Recent evidence indicates that the chronic, low-grade inflammation commonly associated with visceral obesity plays a major role connecting the excessive visceral fat deposition with the development of insulin resistance and pancreatic β-cell dysfunction. Herein, we review the mechanisms by which nutrients modulate obesity-associated inflammation.
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Kahl S, Nowotny B, Strassburger K, Bierwagen A, Klüppelholz B, Hoffmann B, Giani G, Nowotny PJ, Wallscheid F, Hatziagelaki E, Pacini G, Hwang JH, Roden M. Amino Acid and Fatty Acid Levels Affect Hepatic Phosphorus Metabolite Content in Metabolically Healthy Humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2018; 103:460-468. [PMID: 29140513 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2017-01773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hepatic energy metabolism negatively relates to insulin resistance and liver fat content in patients with type 2 diabetes, but its role in metabolically healthy humans is unclear. We hypothesized that intrahepatocellular γ-adenosine triphosphate (γATP) and inorganic phosphate (Pi) concentrations exhibit similar associations with insulin sensitivity in nondiabetic, nonobese volunteers. DESIGN A total of 76 participants underwent a four-point sampling, 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), as well as in vivo31P/1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy. In 62 of them, targeted plasma metabolomic profiling was performed. Pearson correlation analyses were performed for the dependent variables γATP and Pi. RESULTS Adjusted for age, sex, and body mass index (BMI), hepatic γATP and Pi related to 2-hour OGTT glucose (r = 0.25 and r = 0.27, both P < 0.05), and Pi further associated with nonesterified fatty acids (NEFAs; r = 0.28, P < 0.05). However, neither γATP nor Pi correlated with several measures of insulin sensitivity. Hepatic γATP correlated with circulating leucine (r = 0.42, P < 0.001) and Pi with C16:1 fatty acids palmitoleic acid and C16:1w5 (r = 0.28 and 0.30, respectively, P < 0.01), as well as with δ-9-desaturase index (r = 0.33, P < 0.05). Only the association of γATP with leucine remained important after correction for multiple testing. Leucine and palmitoleic acid, together with age, sex, and BMI, accounted for 26% and for 15% of the variabilities in γATP and Pi, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Specific circulating amino acids and NEFAs, but not measures of insulin sensitivity, partly affect hepatic phosphorus metabolites, suggesting mutual interaction between hepatic energy metabolism and circulating metabolites in nondiabetic humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Kahl
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Institute for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Bettina Nowotny
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Institute for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Klaus Strassburger
- German Center for Diabetes Research, München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Institute for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Alessandra Bierwagen
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Institute for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Birgit Klüppelholz
- German Center for Diabetes Research, München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Institute for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Barbara Hoffmann
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Medical Faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Guido Giani
- German Center for Diabetes Research, München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Institute for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Peter J Nowotny
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Institute for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Franziska Wallscheid
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Institute for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Erifili Hatziagelaki
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute and Diabetes Center, Athens University, "Attikon" University General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Giovanni Pacini
- Metabolic Unit, Institute of Neuroscience, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Padova, Italy
| | - Jong-Hee Hwang
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Institute for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michael Roden
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Institute for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, München-Neuherberg, Germany
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Abstract
A growing body of nutritional science highlights the complex mechanisms and pleiotropic pathways of cardiometabolic effects of different foods. Among these, some of the most exciting advances are occurring in the area of flavonoids, bioactive phytochemicals found in plant foods; and in the area of dairy, including milk, yogurt, and cheese. Many of the relevant ingredients and mechanistic pathways are now being clarified, shedding new light on both the ingredients and the pathways for how diet influences health and well-being. Flavonoids, for example, have effects on skeletal muscle, adipocytes, liver, and pancreas, and myocardial, renal, and immune cells, for instance, related to 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase phosphorylation, endothelial NO synthase activation, and suppression of NF-κB (nuclear factor-κB) and TLR4 (toll-like receptor 4). Effects of dairy are similarly complex and may be mediated by specific amino acids, medium-chain and odd-chain saturated fats, unsaturated fats, branched-chain fats, natural trans fats, probiotics, vitamin K1/K2, and calcium, as well as by processing such as fermentation and homogenization. These characteristics of dairy foods influence diverse pathways including related to mammalian target of rapamycin, silent information regulator transcript-1, angiotensin-converting enzyme, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, osteocalcin, matrix glutamate protein, hepatic de novo lipogenesis, hepatic and adipose fatty acid oxidation and inflammation, and gut microbiome interactions such as intestinal integrity and endotoxemia. The complexity of these emerging pathways and corresponding biological responses highlights the rapid advances in nutritional science and the continued need to generate robust empirical evidence on the mechanistic and clinical effects of specific foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariush Mozaffarian
- From the Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA (D.M.); and the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia (J.H.Y.W.).
| | - Jason H Y Wu
- From the Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA (D.M.); and the George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia (J.H.Y.W.)
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47
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Liu L, Wang N, Ma Y, Liu Y, Wen D. Saponins fromBoussingaultia gracilisprevent obesity and related metabolic impairments in diet-induced obese mice. Food Funct 2018; 9:5660-5673. [DOI: 10.1039/c8fo01264d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Saponins fromBoussingaultia gracilisattenuate obesity and its related metabolic disorders in diet-induced obese mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- School of Public Health
- Dalian Medical University
- Dalian
- P.R. China
| | - Ningning Wang
- School of Public Health
- Dalian Medical University
- Dalian
- P.R. China
| | - Yanan Ma
- School of Public Health
- China Medical University
- Shenyang
- P.R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Public Health
- China Medical University
- Shenyang
- P.R. China
| | - Deliang Wen
- School of Public Health
- China Medical University
- Shenyang
- P.R. China
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