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Islam MA, Kshirsagar S, Reddy AP, Sehar U, Reddy PH. Use and Reuse of Animal Behavioral, Molecular, and Biochemical Data in Alzheimer's Disease Research: Focus on 3Rs and Saving People's Tax Dollars. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2024; 8:1171-1184. [PMID: 39247873 PMCID: PMC11380314 DOI: 10.3233/adr-240126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Several decades of research on cell and animal models contributed tremendously to understanding human diseases. Particularly, research on rodents and non-human primates revealed that animal research is a major and important component in biomedical research in learning complex pathophysiological processes. Further, animal research helped us to understand human diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease. In addition, animal research has also helped us to test hundreds of drugs and develop treatments for human use. Researchers can gain a better understanding of key biological and physiological processes in humans by comparing them to laboratory animals. Based on their relevance and resemblance to people, or even usual living conditions, scientists rationalize the use of particular animal models in their studies. It is suggested that in the National Institutes of Health and other agencies-funded research, animal models should be carefully selected to study the biology and pathophysiology of human health and diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and other dementias. However, it is critical to use a minimum number of animals for human research. Further, it is also noted that the use and reuse of behavioral, molecular, and biochemical data from wild-type (WT) control mice with mutant lines of disease models, as long as the genetic background is the same in both WT and disease mice. On the other hand, anonymous readers have challenged the use and reuse of WT mice data for comparison. In the current article, we discuss the minimum utility of animals, covering the 3Rs, Replacement, Reduction, and Refinement, and also discuss the use and reuse of behavioral, molecular, and biochemical data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Ariful Islam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Sudhir Kshirsagar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Arubala P Reddy
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Ujala Sehar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - P Hemachandra Reddy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Department of Neurology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
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Kim JH, Simpkins MA, Williams NT, Cimino E, Simon J, Richmond TR, Youther J, Slutz H, Denvir J. Tachol1 QTL on mouse chromosome 1 is responsible for hypercholesterolemia and diet-induced obesity. Mamm Genome 2024; 35:324-333. [PMID: 38837040 PMCID: PMC11339885 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-024-10045-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Hypercholesterolemia raises the risk for cardiovascular complications and overall health. Hypercholesterolemia is common, affecting 10% of the general population of the US, and heritable. Most individuals with hypercholesterolemia have a polygenic predisposition to the condition. Previously we identified a quantitative trait locus, Tachol1, linked to hypercholesterolemia on mouse chromosome 1 (Chr1) in a cross between C57BL/6J (B6) and TALLYHO/JngJ (TH) mice, a polygenic model for human obesity, type 2 diabetes and hyperlipidemia. Subsequently, using congenic mice that carry a TH-derived genomic segment of Chr1 on a B6 background, we demonstrated that the distal segment of Chr1, where Tachol1 maps, is necessary to cause hypercholesterolemia, as well as diet-induced obesity. In this study, we generated overlapping subcongenic lines to the distal segment of congenic region and characterized subcongenic mice carrying the smallest TH region of Tachol1, ~ 16.2 Mb in size (B6.TH-Chr1-16.2 Mb). Both male and female B6.TH-Chr1-16.2 Mb mice showed a significantly increased plasma total cholesterol levels compared to B6 on both chow and high fat (HF) diet. B6.TH-Chr1-16.2 Mb mice also had greater fat mass than B6 on HF diet, without increasing food intake. The gene and protein expression levels of absent in melanoma 2 (Aim2) gene were significantly upregulated in B6.TH-Chr1-16.2 Mb mice compared to B6. In summary, we confirmed the effect of Tachol1 on hypercholesterolemia and diet-induced obesity using subcongenic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Han Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, 1700 3rd Ave. BBSC #435K, Huntington, WV, 25755, USA.
| | - Marvin A Simpkins
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, 1700 3rd Ave. BBSC #435K, Huntington, WV, 25755, USA
| | - Nicholas T Williams
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, 1700 3rd Ave. BBSC #435K, Huntington, WV, 25755, USA
| | - Emma Cimino
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, 1700 3rd Ave. BBSC #435K, Huntington, WV, 25755, USA
| | - Jadyn Simon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, 1700 3rd Ave. BBSC #435K, Huntington, WV, 25755, USA
| | - Tanner R Richmond
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, 1700 3rd Ave. BBSC #435K, Huntington, WV, 25755, USA
| | - Jared Youther
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, 1700 3rd Ave. BBSC #435K, Huntington, WV, 25755, USA
| | - Hannah Slutz
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, 1700 3rd Ave. BBSC #435K, Huntington, WV, 25755, USA
| | - James Denvir
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, 1700 3rd Ave. BBSC #435K, Huntington, WV, 25755, USA
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Presta M, Zoratto F, Mulder D, Ottomana AM, Pisa E, Arias Vásquez A, Slattery DA, Glennon JC, Macrì S. Hyperglycemia and cognitive impairments anticipate the onset of an overt type 2 diabetes-like phenotype in TALLYHO/JngJ mice. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2024; 167:107102. [PMID: 38896988 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2024.107102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Type 2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia, resulting from deficits in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Whilst the role of insulin in the peripheral nervous system has been ascertained in countless studies, its role in the central nervous system (CNS) is emerging only recently. Brain insulin has been lately associated with brain disorders like Alzheimer's disease, obsessive compulsive disorder, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Thus, understanding the role of insulin as a common risk factor for mental and somatic comorbidities may disclose novel preventative and therapeutic approaches. We evaluated general metabolism (glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, energy expenditure, lipid metabolism, and polydipsia) and cognitive capabilities (attention, cognitive flexibility, and memory), in adolescent, young adult, and adult male and female TALLYHO/JngJ mice (TH, previously reported to constitute a valid experimental model of T2DM due to impaired insulin signaling). Adult TH mice have also been studied for alterations in gut microbiota diversity and composition. While TH mice exhibited profound deficits in cognitive flexibility and altered glucose metabolism, we observed that these alterations emerged either much earlier (males) or independent of (females) a comprehensive constellation of symptoms, isomorphic to an overt T2DM-like phenotype (insulin resistance, polydipsia, higher energy expenditure, and altered lipid metabolism). We also observed significant sex-dependent alterations in gut microbiota alpha diversity and taxonomy in adult TH mice. Deficits in insulin signaling may represent a common risk factor for both T2DM and CNS-related deficits, which may stem from (partly) independent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Presta
- Centre for Behavioural Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome 00161, Italy; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Francesca Zoratto
- Centre for Behavioural Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Danique Mulder
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Departments of Psychiatry and Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Angela Maria Ottomana
- Centre for Behavioural Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome 00161, Italy; Neuroscience Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Parma, Parma 43100, Italy
| | - Edoardo Pisa
- Centre for Behavioural Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Alejandro Arias Vásquez
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Departments of Psychiatry and Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - David A Slattery
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jeffrey C Glennon
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Simone Macrì
- Centre for Behavioural Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome 00161, Italy.
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Shepard BD, Chau J, Kurtz R, Rosenberg AZ, Sarder P, Border SP, Ginley B, Rodriguez O, Albanese C, Knoer G, Greene A, De Souza AMA, Ranjit S, Levi M, Ecelbarger CM. Nascent shifts in renal cellular metabolism, structure, and function due to chronic empagliflozin in prediabetic mice. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2024; 326:C1272-C1290. [PMID: 38602847 PMCID: PMC11193535 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00446.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Sodium-glucose cotransporter, type 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) are emerging as the gold standard for treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D) with renal protective benefits independent of glucose lowering. We took a high-level approach to evaluate the effects of the SGLT2i, empagliflozin (EMPA) on renal metabolism and function in a prediabetic model of metabolic syndrome. Male and female 12-wk-old TallyHo (TH) mice, and their closest genetic lean strain (Swiss-Webster, SW) were treated with a high-milk-fat diet (HMFD) plus/minus EMPA (@0.01%) for 12-wk. Kidney weights and glomerular filtration rate were slightly increased by EMPA in the TH mice. Glomerular feature analysis by unsupervised clustering revealed sexually dimorphic clustering, and one unique cluster relating to EMPA. Periodic acid Schiff (PAS) positive areas, reflecting basement membranes and mesangium were slightly reduced by EMPA. Phasor-fluorescent life-time imaging (FLIM) of free-to-protein bound NADH in cortex showed a marginally greater reliance on oxidative phosphorylation with EMPA. Overall, net urine sodium, glucose, and albumin were slightly increased by EMPA. In TH, EMPA reduced the sodium phosphate cotransporter, type 2 (NaPi-2), but increased sodium hydrogen exchanger, type 3 (NHE3). These changes were absent or blunted in SW. EMPA led to changes in urine exosomal microRNA profile including, in females, enhanced levels of miRs 27a-3p, 190a-5p, and 196b-5p. Network analysis revealed "cancer pathways" and "FOXO signaling" as the major regulated pathways. Overall, EMPA treatment to prediabetic mice with limited renal disease resulted in modifications in renal metabolism, structure, and transport, which may preclude and underlie protection against kidney disease with developing T2D.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Renal protection afforded by sodium glucose transporter, type 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i), e.g., empagliflozin (EMPA) involves complex intertwined mechanisms. Using a novel mouse model of obesity with insulin resistance, the TallyHo/Jng (TH) mouse on a high-milk-fat diet (HMFD), we found subtle changes in metabolism including altered regulation of sodium transporters that line the renal tubule. New potential epigenetic determinants of metabolic changes relating to FOXO and cancer signaling pathways were elucidated from an altered urine exosomal microRNA signature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blythe D Shepard
- Department of Human Science, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, United States
| | - Jennifer Chau
- Department of Medicine,Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, United States
| | - Ryan Kurtz
- Department of Human Science, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, United States
| | - Avi Z Rosenberg
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Pinaki Sarder
- J Crayton Pruitt Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | - Samuel P Border
- J Crayton Pruitt Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | - Brandon Ginley
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
- Department of Computational Cell Biology, Anatomy, and Pathology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States
| | - Olga Rodriguez
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, United States
- Center for Translational Imaging, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, United States
| | - Chris Albanese
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, United States
- Center for Translational Imaging, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, United States
- Department of Radiology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, United States
| | - Grace Knoer
- Center for Translational Imaging, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, United States
| | - Aarenee Greene
- Department of Medicine,Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, United States
| | - Aline M A De Souza
- Department of Medicine,Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, United States
| | - Suman Ranjit
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, United States
- Microscopy & Imaging Shared Resources, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, United States
| | - Moshe Levi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, United States
| | - Carolyn M Ecelbarger
- Department of Medicine,Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, United States
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Chandrasekaran P, Weiskirchen R. The Role of Obesity in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus-An Overview. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1882. [PMID: 38339160 PMCID: PMC10855901 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity or excessive weight gain is identified as the most important and significant risk factor in the development and progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) in all age groups. It has reached pandemic dimensions, making the treatment of obesity crucial in the prevention and management of type 2 DM worldwide. Multiple clinical studies have demonstrated that moderate and sustained weight loss can improve blood glucose levels, insulin action and reduce the need for diabetic medications. A combined approach of diet, exercise and lifestyle modifications can successfully reduce obesity and subsequently ameliorate the ill effects and deadly complications of DM. This approach also helps largely in the prevention, control and remission of DM. Obesity and DM are chronic diseases that are increasing globally, requiring new approaches to manage and prevent diabetes in obese individuals. Therefore, it is essential to understand the mechanistic link between the two and design a comprehensive approach to increase life expectancy and improve the quality of life in patients with type 2 DM and obesity. This literature review provides explicit information on the clinical definitions of obesity and type 2 DM, the incidence and prevalence of type 2 DM in obese individuals, the indispensable role of obesity in the pathophysiology of type 2 DM and their mechanistic link. It also discusses clinical studies and outlines the recent management approaches for the treatment of these associated conditions. Additionally, in vivo studies on obesity and type 2 DM are discussed here as they pave the way for more rigorous development of therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preethi Chandrasekaran
- UT Southwestern Medical Center Dallas, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd. ND10.504, Dallas, TX 75390-9014, USA
| | - Ralf Weiskirchen
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH), University Hospital Aachen, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
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Yagihashi S. Contribution of animal models to diabetes research: Its history, significance, and translation to humans. J Diabetes Investig 2023; 14:1015-1037. [PMID: 37401013 PMCID: PMC10445217 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.14034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is still expanding globally and is epidemic in developing countries. The combat of this plague has caused enormous economic and social burdens related to a lowered quality of life in people with diabetes. Despite recent significant improvements of life expectancy in patients with diabetes, there is still a need for efforts to elucidate the complexities and mechanisms of the disease processes to overcome this difficult disorder. To this end, the use of appropriate animal models in diabetes studies is invaluable for translation to humans and for the development of effective treatment. In this review, a variety of animal models of diabetes with spontaneous onset in particular will be introduced and discussed for their implication in diabetes research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soroku Yagihashi
- Department of Exploratory Medicine for Nature, Life and HumansToho University School of MedicineChibaJapan
- Department of PathologyHirosaki University Graduate School of MedicineHirosakiJapan
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Grover L, Sklioutovskaya-Lopez K, Parkman JK, Wang K, Hendricks E, Adams-Duffield J, Kim JH. Diet, sex, and genetic predisposition to obesity and type 2 diabetes modulate motor and anxiety-related behaviors in mice, and alter cerebellar gene expression. Behav Brain Res 2023; 445:114376. [PMID: 36868363 PMCID: PMC10065959 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are serious health problems linked to neurobehavioral alterations. We compared motor function, anxiety-related behavior, and cerebellar gene expression in TALLYHO/Jng (TH), a polygenic model prone to insulin resistance, obesity, and T2D, and normal C57BL/6 J (B6) mice. Male and female mice were weaned onto chow or high fat (HF) diet at 4 weeks of age (wk), and experiments conducted at young (5 wk) and old (14 - 20 wk) ages. In the open field, distance traveled was significantly lower in TH (vs. B6). For old mice, anxiety-like behavior (time in edge zone) was significantly increased for TH (vs B6), females (vs males), and for both ages HF diet (vs chow). In Rota-Rod testing, latency to fall was significantly shorter in TH (vs B6). For young mice, longer latencies to fall were observed for females (vs males) and HF (vs chow). Grip strength in young mice was greater in TH (vs B6), and there was a diet-strain interaction, with TH on HF showing increased strength, whereas B6 on HF showed decreased strength. For older mice, there was a strain-sex interaction, with B6 males (but not TH males) showing increased strength compared to the same strain females. There were significant sex differences in cerebellar mRNA levels, with Tnfα higher, and Glut4 and Irs2 lower in females (vs males). There were significant strain effects for Gfap and Igf1 mRNA levels with lower in TH (vs B6). Altered cerebellar gene expression may contribute to strain differences in coordination and locomotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence Grover
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
| | | | - Jacaline K Parkman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
| | - Katherine Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
| | - Emily Hendricks
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
| | - Jessica Adams-Duffield
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
| | - Jung Han Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA.
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Lamri A, De Paoli M, De Souza R, Werstuck G, Anand S, Pigeyre M. Insight into genetic, biological, and environmental determinants of sexual-dimorphism in type 2 diabetes and glucose-related traits. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:964743. [PMID: 36505380 PMCID: PMC9729955 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.964743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence that sex and gender differences play an important role in risk and pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Men develop T2D earlier than women, even though there is more obesity in young women than men. This difference in T2D prevalence is attenuated after the menopause. However, not all women are equally protected against T2D before the menopause, and gestational diabetes represents an important risk factor for future T2D. Biological mechanisms underlying sex and gender differences on T2D physiopathology are not yet fully understood. Sex hormones affect behavior and biological changes, and can have implications on lifestyle; thus, both sex-specific environmental and biological risk factors interact within a complex network to explain the differences in T2D risk and physiopathology in men and women. In addition, lifetime hormone fluctuations and body changes due to reproductive factors are generally more dramatic in women than men (ovarian cycle, pregnancy, and menopause). Progress in genetic studies and rodent models have significantly advanced our understanding of the biological pathways involved in the physiopathology of T2D. However, evidence of the sex-specific effects on genetic factors involved in T2D is still limited, and this gap of knowledge is even more important when investigating sex-specific differences during the life course. In this narrative review, we will focus on the current state of knowledge on the sex-specific effects of genetic factors associated with T2D over a lifetime, as well as the biological effects of these different hormonal stages on T2D risk. We will also discuss how biological insights from rodent models complement the genetic insights into the sex-dimorphism effects on T2D. Finally, we will suggest future directions to cover the knowledge gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amel Lamri
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada,Population Health Research Institute (PHRI), Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Monica De Paoli
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada,Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute (TaARI), Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Russell De Souza
- Population Health Research Institute (PHRI), Hamilton, ON, Canada,Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Geoff Werstuck
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada,Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute (TaARI), Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Sonia Anand
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada,Population Health Research Institute (PHRI), Hamilton, ON, Canada,Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Marie Pigeyre
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada,Population Health Research Institute (PHRI), Hamilton, ON, Canada,*Correspondence: Marie Pigeyre
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Gordon O, Dikeman DA, Ortines RV, Wang Y, Youn C, Mumtaz M, Orlando N, Zhang J, Patel AM, Gough E, Kaushik A, Nuermberger EL, Upton AM, Fotouhi N, Miller LS, Archer NK. The Novel Oxazolidinone TBI-223 Is Effective in Three Preclinical Mouse Models of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infection. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0245121. [PMID: 36106881 PMCID: PMC9603142 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02451-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is an important cause of various infections in humans, including bacteremia, skin and soft tissue infections, and infections associated with implanted medical devices. The emergence of hospital- and community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) underscores the urgent and unmet need to develop novel, safe, and effective antibiotics against these multidrug-resistant clinical isolates. Oxazolidinone antibiotics such as linezolid have excellent oral bioavailability and provide coverage against MRSA infections. However, their widespread and long-term use is often limited by adverse effects, especially myelosuppression. TBI-223 is a novel oxazolidinone with potentially reduced myelosuppression, compared to linezolid, but its efficacy against MRSA infections is unknown. Therefore, the preclinical efficacy of TBI-223 (80 and 160 mg/kg twice daily) was compared with that of linezolid (40 and 80 mg/kg twice daily) and sham treatment in mouse models of MRSA bacteremia, skin wound infection, and orthopedic-implant-associated infection. The dosage was selected based on mouse pharmacokinetic analysis of both linezolid and TBI-223, as well as measurement of the MICs. In all three models, TBI-223 and linezolid had comparable dose-dependent efficacies in reducing bacterial burden and disease severity, compared with sham-treated control mice. Taken together, these findings indicate that TBI-223 represents a novel oxazolidinone antibiotic that may provide an additional option against MRSA infections. Future studies in larger animal models and clinical trials are warranted to translate these findings to humans. IMPORTANCE Staphylococcus aureus is the predominant cause of bloodstream, skin, and bone infections in humans. Resistance to commonly used antibiotics is a growing concern, making it more difficult to treat staphylococcal infections. Use of the oxazolidinone antibiotic linezolid against resistant strains is hindered by high rates of adverse reactions during prolonged therapy. Here, a new oxazolidinone named TBI-223 was tested against S. aureus in three mouse models of infection, i.e., bloodstream infection, skin infection, and bone infection. We found that TBI-223 was as effective as linezolid in these three models. Previous data suggest that TBI-223 has a better safety profile than linezolid. Taken together, these findings indicate that this new agent may provide an additional option against MRSA infections. Future studies in larger animal models and clinical trials are warranted to translate these findings to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oren Gordon
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Dustin A. Dikeman
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Roger V. Ortines
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Christine Youn
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Mohammed Mumtaz
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Nicholas Orlando
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jeffrey Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Aman M. Patel
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ethan Gough
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Amit Kaushik
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Eric L. Nuermberger
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | - Lloyd S. Miller
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Immunology, Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nathan K. Archer
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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10
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Damgaard MV, Jepsen SL, Ashcroft SP, Holst JJ, Treebak JT. Pterostilbene Fails to Rescue Insulin Secretion and Sensitivity in Multiple Murine Models of Diabetes. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14183741. [PMID: 36145121 PMCID: PMC9505377 DOI: 10.3390/nu14183741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes incidence is rising globally at an accelerating rate causing issues at both the individual and societal levels. However, partly inspired by Ayurvedic medicine, a naturally occurring compound called pterostilbene has been demonstrated to protect against diabetes symptoms, though mainly in rats. The purpose of this study was to investigate the putative protective effect of pterostilbene on the two main aspects of diabetes, namely insulin resistance and decreased insulin secretion, in mice. To accomplish this, we employed diet-induced obese as well as streptozotocin-induced diabetic C57BL/6NTac mice for fasting glucose homeostasis assessment, tolerance tests and pancreas perfusions. In addition, we used the polygenic model of diabetes TALLYHO/JngJ to assess for prevention of β-cell burnout. We found that the diet-induced obese C57BL/6NTac mice were insulin resistant, but that pterostilbene had no impact on this or on overall glucose regulation. We further found that the reported protective effect of pterostilbene against streptozotocin-induced diabetes was absent in C57BL/6NTac mice, despite a promising pilot experiment. Lastly, we observed that pterostilbene does not prevent or delay onset of β-cell burnout in TALLYHO/JngJ mice. In conjunction with the literature, our findings suggest variations in the response to pterostilbene between species or between strains of species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mads V. Damgaard
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sara L. Jepsen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stephen P. Ashcroft
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens J. Holst
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jonas T. Treebak
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Correspondence:
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11
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Fang Z, Peltz G. An automated multi-modal graph-based pipeline for mouse genetic discovery. Bioinformatics 2022; 38:3385-3394. [PMID: 35608290 PMCID: PMC9992076 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btac356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION Our ability to identify causative genetic factors for mouse genetic models of human diseases and biomedical traits has been limited by the difficulties associated with identifying true causative factors, which are often obscured by the many false positive genetic associations produced by a GWAS. RESULTS To accelerate the pace of genetic discovery, we developed a graph neural network (GNN)-based automated pipeline (GNNHap) that could rapidly analyze mouse genetic model data and identify high probability causal genetic factors for analyzed traits. After assessing the strength of allelic associations with the strain response pattern; this pipeline analyzes 29M published papers to assess candidate gene-phenotype relationships; and incorporates the information obtained from a protein-protein interaction network and protein sequence features into the analysis. The GNN model produces markedly improved results relative to that of a simple linear neural network. We demonstrate that GNNHap can identify novel causative genetic factors for murine models of diabetes/obesity and for cataract formation, which were validated by the phenotypes appearing in previously analyzed gene knockout mice. The diabetes/obesity results indicate how characterization of the underlying genetic architecture enables new therapies to be discovered and tested by applying 'precision medicine' principles to murine models. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION The GNNHap source code is freely available at https://github.com/zqfang/gnnhap, and the new version of the HBCGM program is available at https://github.com/zqfang/haplomap. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoqing Fang
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Gary Peltz
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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12
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Heather LC, Hafstad AD, Halade GV, Harmancey R, Mellor KM, Mishra PK, Mulvihill EE, Nabben M, Nakamura M, Rider OJ, Ruiz M, Wende AR, Ussher JR. Guidelines on Models of Diabetic Heart Disease. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2022; 323:H176-H200. [PMID: 35657616 PMCID: PMC9273269 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00058.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, including diabetic cardiomyopathy, atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, and heart failure. As cardiovascular disease represents the number one cause of death in people with diabetes, there has been a major emphasis on understanding the mechanisms by which diabetes promotes cardiovascular disease, and how antidiabetic therapies impact diabetic heart disease. With a wide array of models to study diabetes (both type 1 and type 2), the field has made major progress in answering these questions. However, each model has its own inherent limitations. Therefore, the purpose of this guidelines document is to provide the field with information on which aspects of cardiovascular disease in the human diabetic population are most accurately reproduced by the available models. This review aims to emphasize the advantages and disadvantages of each model, and to highlight the practical challenges and technical considerations involved. We will review the preclinical animal models of diabetes (based on their method of induction), appraise models of diabetes-related atherosclerosis and heart failure, and discuss in vitro models of diabetic heart disease. These guidelines will allow researchers to select the appropriate model of diabetic heart disease, depending on the specific research question being addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa C Heather
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Anne D Hafstad
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ganesh V Halade
- Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Tampa, Florida, United States
| | - Romain Harmancey
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | | | - Paras K Mishra
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Erin E Mulvihill
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Miranda Nabben
- Departments of Genetics and Cell Biology, and Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center, CARIM School of Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Michinari Nakamura
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Oliver J Rider
- University of Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Matthieu Ruiz
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Adam R Wende
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - John R Ussher
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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13
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Zhu Q, Liu X, Zhu Q, Liu Z, Yang C, Wu H, Zhang L, Xia X, Wang M, Hao H, Cui Y, Zhang G, Hill MA, Flaker GC, Zhou S, Liu Z. N-Acetylcysteine Enhances the Recovery of Ischemic Limb in Type-2 Diabetic Mice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11061097. [PMID: 35739993 PMCID: PMC9219773 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Critical limb ischemia (CLI) is a severe complication of diabetes mellitus that occurs without effective therapy. Excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and oxidative stress play critical roles in the development of diabetic cardiovascular complications. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) reduces ischemia-induced ROS production. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of NAC on the recovery of ischemic limb in an experimental model of type-2 diabetes. TALLYHO/JngJ diabetic and SWR/J non-diabetic mice were used for developing a CLI model. For NAC treatment, mice received NAC (1 mg/mL) in their drinking water for 24 h before initiating CLI, and continuously for the duration of the experiment. Blood flow, mechanical function, histology, expression of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD)-1, SOD-3, glutathione peroxidase (Gpx)-1, catalase, and phosphorylated insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1, Akt, and eNOS in ischemic limb were evaluated in vivo or ex vivo. Body weight, blood glucose, plasma advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), plasma insulin, insulin resistance index, and plasma TNF-a were also evaluated during the experiment. NAC treatment effectively attenuated ROS production with preserved expressions of SOD-1, Gpx-1, catalase, phosphorylated Akt, and eNOS, and enhanced the recovery of blood flow and function of the diabetic ischemic limb. NAC treatment also significantly decreased the levels of phosphorylated IRS-1 (Ser307) expression and plasma TNF-α in diabetic mice without significant changes in blood glucose and AGEs levels. In conclusion, NAC treatment enhanced the recovery of blood flow and mechanical function in ischemic limbs in T2D mice in association with improved tissue redox/inflammatory status and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhu
- Center for Precision Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; (Q.Z.); (X.L.); (Q.Z.); (Z.L.); (C.Y.); (H.W.); (L.Z.); (X.X.); (M.W.); (H.H.); (Y.C.); (G.C.F.)
- Department of Cardiology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China;
| | - Xuanyou Liu
- Center for Precision Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; (Q.Z.); (X.L.); (Q.Z.); (Z.L.); (C.Y.); (H.W.); (L.Z.); (X.X.); (M.W.); (H.H.); (Y.C.); (G.C.F.)
| | - Qingyi Zhu
- Center for Precision Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; (Q.Z.); (X.L.); (Q.Z.); (Z.L.); (C.Y.); (H.W.); (L.Z.); (X.X.); (M.W.); (H.H.); (Y.C.); (G.C.F.)
- Department of Cardiology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China;
| | - Zehao Liu
- Center for Precision Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; (Q.Z.); (X.L.); (Q.Z.); (Z.L.); (C.Y.); (H.W.); (L.Z.); (X.X.); (M.W.); (H.H.); (Y.C.); (G.C.F.)
| | - Chunlin Yang
- Center for Precision Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; (Q.Z.); (X.L.); (Q.Z.); (Z.L.); (C.Y.); (H.W.); (L.Z.); (X.X.); (M.W.); (H.H.); (Y.C.); (G.C.F.)
| | - Hao Wu
- Center for Precision Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; (Q.Z.); (X.L.); (Q.Z.); (Z.L.); (C.Y.); (H.W.); (L.Z.); (X.X.); (M.W.); (H.H.); (Y.C.); (G.C.F.)
| | - Linfang Zhang
- Center for Precision Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; (Q.Z.); (X.L.); (Q.Z.); (Z.L.); (C.Y.); (H.W.); (L.Z.); (X.X.); (M.W.); (H.H.); (Y.C.); (G.C.F.)
| | - Xiujuan Xia
- Center for Precision Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; (Q.Z.); (X.L.); (Q.Z.); (Z.L.); (C.Y.); (H.W.); (L.Z.); (X.X.); (M.W.); (H.H.); (Y.C.); (G.C.F.)
| | - Meifang Wang
- Center for Precision Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; (Q.Z.); (X.L.); (Q.Z.); (Z.L.); (C.Y.); (H.W.); (L.Z.); (X.X.); (M.W.); (H.H.); (Y.C.); (G.C.F.)
| | - Hong Hao
- Center for Precision Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; (Q.Z.); (X.L.); (Q.Z.); (Z.L.); (C.Y.); (H.W.); (L.Z.); (X.X.); (M.W.); (H.H.); (Y.C.); (G.C.F.)
| | - Yuqi Cui
- Center for Precision Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; (Q.Z.); (X.L.); (Q.Z.); (Z.L.); (C.Y.); (H.W.); (L.Z.); (X.X.); (M.W.); (H.H.); (Y.C.); (G.C.F.)
| | - Guangsen Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Hematopathy, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China;
| | - Michael A. Hill
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA;
| | - Gregory C. Flaker
- Center for Precision Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; (Q.Z.); (X.L.); (Q.Z.); (Z.L.); (C.Y.); (H.W.); (L.Z.); (X.X.); (M.W.); (H.H.); (Y.C.); (G.C.F.)
| | - Shenghua Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China;
| | - Zhenguo Liu
- Center for Precision Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; (Q.Z.); (X.L.); (Q.Z.); (Z.L.); (C.Y.); (H.W.); (L.Z.); (X.X.); (M.W.); (H.H.); (Y.C.); (G.C.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-573-884-3278; Fax: +1-573-884-7743
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14
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Ramasubramanian B, Griffith C, Hanson M, Bunquin LE, Reddy AP, Hegde V, Reddy PH. Protective Effects of Chaya against Mitochondrial and Synaptic Toxicities in the Type 2 Diabetes Mouse Model TallyHO. Cells 2022; 11:cells11040744. [PMID: 35203393 PMCID: PMC8870610 DOI: 10.3390/cells11040744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of our study is to determine the protective effects of the chaya leaf against mitochondrial abnormalities and synaptic damage in the Type 2 diabetes (T2D) mouse model, TallyHO (TH). The TH mouse is a naturally occurring polygenic mouse model of diabetes that mimics many characteristics of human Type 2 diabetes. Only male TH mice develop hyperglycemia and moderate obesity. Female mice display moderate obesity but do not manifest overt diabetes. In this study, we evaluated three groups of mice over a period of 11 weeks: (1) the experimental group of TH diabetic mice fed with chaya chow; (2) a diabetic control group of TH diabetic mice fed with regular chow; and (3) a non-diabetic control group of SWR/J mice fed with regular chow. Body mass and fasting blood glucose were assessed weekly. Brain and other peripheral tissues were collected. Using qRT-PCR and immunoblotting analyses, we measured the mRNA abundance and protein levels of mitochondrial biogenesis, mitochondrial dynamics, autophagy/mitophagy, and synaptic genes. Using immunofluorescence analysis, we measured the regional immunoreactivities of mitochondrial and synaptic proteins. Using biochemical methods, we assessed mitochondrial function. We found increased body mass and fasting glucose levels in the TH diabetic mice relative to the non-diabetic control SWRJ mice. In chaya chow-fed TH diabetic mice, we found significantly reduced body mass and fasting glucose levels. Mitochondrial fission genes were increased and fusion, biogenesis, autophagy/mitophagy, and synaptic genes were reduced in the TH mice; however, in the chaya chow-fed TH diabetic mice, mitochondrial fission genes were reduced and fusion, biogenesis, autophagy/mitophagy, and synaptic genes were increased. Mitochondrial function was defective in the diabetic TH mice; however, it was rescued in the chaya chow-fed TH mice. These observations strongly suggest that chaya chow reduces the diabetic properties, mitochondrial abnormalities, and synaptic pathology in diabetic, TH male mice. Our data strongly indicates that chaya can be used as natural supplemental diet for prediabetic and diabetic subjects and individuals with metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhagavathi Ramasubramanian
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; (B.R.); (C.G.); (M.H.); (L.E.B.)
| | - Cameron Griffith
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; (B.R.); (C.G.); (M.H.); (L.E.B.)
- Department of Sociology, Anthropology, and Social Work, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Madison Hanson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; (B.R.); (C.G.); (M.H.); (L.E.B.)
| | - Lloyd E. Bunquin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; (B.R.); (C.G.); (M.H.); (L.E.B.)
| | - Arubala P. Reddy
- Nutritional Sciences Department, College of Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, 1301 Akron Ave, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (A.P.R.); (V.H.)
| | - Vijay Hegde
- Nutritional Sciences Department, College of Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, 1301 Akron Ave, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (A.P.R.); (V.H.)
| | - P. Hemachandra Reddy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; (B.R.); (C.G.); (M.H.); (L.E.B.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
- Department of Neurology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-806-743-3194
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15
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Lone IM, Iraqi FA. Genetics of murine type 2 diabetes and comorbidities. Mamm Genome 2022; 33:421-436. [PMID: 35113203 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-022-09948-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRAC Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a polygenic and multifactorial complex disease, defined as chronic metabolic disorder. It's a major global health concern with an estimated 463 million adults aged 20-79 years with diabetes and projected to increase up to 700 million by 2045. T2D was reported to be one of the four leading causes of non-communicable disease (NCD) deaths in 2012. Environmental factors play a part in the development of polygenic forms of diabetes. Polygenic forms of diabetes often run-in families. Fortunately, T2D, which accounts for 90-95% of the entire four types of diabetes including, Type 1 diabetes (T1D), T2D, monogenic diabetes syndromes (MGDS), and Gestational diabetes mellitus, can be prevented or delayed through nutrition and lifestyle changes as well as through pharmacologic interventions. Typical symptom of the T2D is high blood glucose levels and comprehensive insulin resistance of the body, producing an impaired glucose tolerance. Impaired glucose tolerance of T2D is accompanied by extensive health complications, including cardiovascular diseases (CVD) that vary in morbidity and mortality among populations. The pathogenesis of T2D varies between populations and/or ethnic groupings and is known to be attributed extremely by genetic components and environmental factors. It is evident that genetic background plays a critical role in determining the host response toward certain environmental conditions, whether or not of developing T2D (susceptibility versus resistant). T2D is considered as a silent disease that can progress for years before its diagnosis. Once T2D is diagnosed, many metabolic malfunctions are observed whether as side effects or as independent comorbidity. Mouse models have been proven to be a powerful tool for mapping genetic factors that underline the susceptibility to T2D development as well its comorbidities. Here, we have conducted a comprehensive search throughout the published data covering the time span from early 1990s till the time of writing this review, for already reported quantitative trait locus (QTL) associated with murine T2D and comorbidities in different mouse models, which contain different genetic backgrounds. Our search has resulted in finding 54 QTLs associated with T2D in addition to 72 QTLs associated with comorbidities associated with the disease. We summarized the genomic locations of these mapped QTLs in graphical formats, so as to show the overlapping positions between of these mapped QTLs, which may suggest that some of these QTLs could be underlined by sharing gene/s. Finally, we reviewed and addressed published reports that show the success of translation of the identified mouse QTLs/genes associated with the disease in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iqbal M Lone
- Department of Clinical Microbiology & Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 69978, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Fuad A Iraqi
- Department of Clinical Microbiology & Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 69978, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
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16
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Peltz G, Tan Y. What Have We Learned (or Expect to) From Analysis of Murine Genetic Models Related to Substance Use Disorders? Front Psychiatry 2022; 12:793961. [PMID: 35095607 PMCID: PMC8790171 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.793961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The tremendous public health problem created by substance use disorders (SUDs) presents a major opportunity for mouse genetics. Inbred mouse strains exhibit substantial and heritable differences in their responses to drugs of abuse (DOA) and in many of the behaviors associated with susceptibility to SUD. Therefore, genetic discoveries emerging from analysis of murine genetic models can provide critically needed insight into the neurobiological effects of DOA, and they can reveal how genetic factors affect susceptibility drug addiction. There are already indications, emerging from our prior analyses of murine genetic models of responses related to SUDs that mouse genetic models of SUD can provide actionable information, which can lead to new approaches for alleviating SUDs. Lastly, we consider the features of murine genetic models that enable causative genetic factors to be successfully identified; and the methodologies that facilitate genetic discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Peltz
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
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17
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Zhu Q, Hao H, Xu H, Fichman Y, Cui Y, Yang C, Wang M, Mittler R, Hill MA, Cowan PJ, Zhang G, He X, Zhou S, Liu Z. Combination of Antioxidant Enzyme Overexpression and N-Acetylcysteine Treatment Enhances the Survival of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Ischemic Limb in Mice With Type 2 Diabetes. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10:e023491. [PMID: 34569277 PMCID: PMC8649154 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.121.023491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Therapy with mesenchymal stem cells remains a promising but challenging approach to critical limb ischemia in diabetes because of the dismal cell survival. Methods and Results Critical limb ischemia in type 2 diabetes mouse model was used to explore the impact of diabetic limb ischemia on the survival of bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (bMSCs). Inhibition of intracellular reactive oxygen species was achieved with concomitant overexpression of superoxide dismutase (SOD)‐1 and glutathione peroxidase‐1 in the transplanted bMSCs, and extracellular reactive oxygen species was attenuated using SOD‐3 overexpression and N‐acetylcysteine treatment. In vivo optical fluorescence imaging and laser Doppler perfusion imaging were used to track cell retention and determine blood flow in diabetic ischemic limb, respectively. Survival of the transplanted bMSCs was significantly decreased in diabetic ischemic limb compared with the control. In vitro study indicated that advanced glycation end products, not high glucose, significantly decreased the proliferation of bMSCs and increased their apoptosis associated with increased reactive oxygen species production and selective reduction of SOD‐1 and SOD‐3. In vivo study demonstrated that concomitant overexpression of SOD‐1, SOD‐3, and glutathione peroxidase‐1, or host treatment with N‐acetylcysteine, significantly enhanced in vivo survival of transplanted bMSCs, and improved critical limb ischemia in diabetic mice. Combination of triple antioxidant enzyme overexpression in bMSCs with host N‐acetylcysteine treatment further improved bMSC survival with enhanced circulatory and functional recovery from diabetic critical limb ischemia. Conclusions Simultaneous suppression of reactive oxygen species from transplanted bMSCs and host tissue could additively enhance bMSC survival in diabetic ischemic limb with increased therapeutic efficacy in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhu
- Center for Precision Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Department of Medicine University of Missouri School of Medicine Columbia MO.,Department of Cardiology Second Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha City Hunan Province China
| | - Hong Hao
- Center for Precision Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Department of Medicine University of Missouri School of Medicine Columbia MO
| | - Huifang Xu
- Center for Precision Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Department of Medicine University of Missouri School of Medicine Columbia MO
| | - Yosef Fichman
- College of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources University of Missouri Columbia MO.,Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center University of Missouri Columbia MO
| | - Yuqi Cui
- Center for Precision Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Department of Medicine University of Missouri School of Medicine Columbia MO
| | - Chunlin Yang
- Center for Precision Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Department of Medicine University of Missouri School of Medicine Columbia MO
| | - Meifang Wang
- Center for Precision Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Department of Medicine University of Missouri School of Medicine Columbia MO
| | - Ron Mittler
- College of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources University of Missouri Columbia MO.,Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center University of Missouri Columbia MO
| | - Michael A Hill
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center University of Missouri Columbia MO.,Department of Surgery University of Missouri School of MedicineChristopher S. Bond Life Sciences CenterUniversity of Missouri Columbia MO
| | - Peter J Cowan
- Department of Medicine University of Melbourne Australia.,Immunology Research Centre St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne Australia
| | - Guangsen Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Hematopathy Second Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha City Hunan Province China
| | - Xiaoming He
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering University of Maryland College Park MD
| | - Shenghua Zhou
- Department of Cardiology Second Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha City Hunan Province China
| | - Zhenguo Liu
- Center for Precision Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Department of Medicine University of Missouri School of Medicine Columbia MO
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Wang M, Fang Z, Yoo B, Bejerano G, Peltz G. The Effect of Population Structure on Murine Genome-Wide Association Studies. Front Genet 2021; 12:745361. [PMID: 34589118 PMCID: PMC8475632 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.745361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to use genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for genetic discovery depends upon our ability to distinguish true causative from false positive association signals. Population structure (PS) has been shown to cause false positive signals in GWAS. PS correction is routinely used for analysis of human GWAS results, and it has been assumed that it also should be utilized for murine GWAS using inbred strains. Nevertheless, there are fundamental differences between murine and human GWAS, and the impact of PS on murine GWAS results has not been carefully investigated. To assess the impact of PS on murine GWAS, we examined 8223 datasets that characterized biomedical responses in panels of inbred mouse strains. Rather than treat PS as a confounding variable, we examined it as a response variable. Surprisingly, we found that PS had a minimal impact on datasets measuring responses in ≤20 strains; and had surprisingly little impact on most datasets characterizing 21 - 40 inbred strains. Moreover, we show that true positive association signals arising from haplotype blocks, SNPs or indels, which were experimentally demonstrated to be causative for trait differences, would be rejected if PS correction were applied to them. Our results indicate because of the special conditions created by GWAS (the use of inbred strains, small sample sizes) PS assessment results should be carefully evaluated in conjunction with other criteria, when murine GWAS results are evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyue Wang
- Department of Anesthesia, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Zhuoqing Fang
- Department of Anesthesia, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Boyoung Yoo
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University School of Engineering, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Gill Bejerano
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University School of Engineering, Stanford, CA, United States.,Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States.,Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Gary Peltz
- Department of Anesthesia, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
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Parkman JK, Sklioutovskaya-Lopez K, Menikdiwela KR, Freeman L, Moustaid-Moussa N, Kim JH. Effects of high fat diets and supplemental tart cherry and fish oil on obesity and type 2 diabetes in male and female C57BL/6J and TALLYHO/Jng mice. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 94:108644. [PMID: 33838231 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Obesogenic and diabetogenic high fat (HF) diets can influence genetic factors in disease development with sexual dimorphic responses. We investigated potential protective effects of tart cherry (TC), fish oil (FO) and TC+FO supplementation in TALLYHO/Jng (TH) and C57BL/6J (B6) mice fed HF diets. Male and female TH and B6 mice were weaned onto five different diets; low fat (LF), HF, and HF supplemented with TC, FO, or TC+FO and maintained. For both males and females on LF, TH mice were heavier and fatter than B6, which was accentuated by HF in males, but not in females. TH males, but not others, developed severe glucose intolerance and hyperglycemia on HF, with reduced mRNA levels of Adipoq and Esr1 in adipose tissue. Considering energy balance, locomotor activity was lower in TH mice than B6 for both sexes without diet effects, except B6 females where HF decreased it. Compared to LF, HF decreased energy expenditure, RER, and food intake (in grams) for both sexes without strain differences. In all mice, but B6 males, HF increased plasma IL6 levels compared to LF. No preventive effects of TC, FO or TC+FO were noted for HF-induced obesity or energy imbalance, but FO alleviated glucose intolerance in TH males. Further, TC and FO decreased plasma IL6 levels, especially in females, without additive or synergistic effects of these two. Collectively, obesogenic and diabetogenic impacts of HF diets differed depending on the genetic predisposition. Moreover, sexually dimorphic effects of dietary supplementation were observed for glucose metabolism and inflammatory markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacaline K Parkman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, USA
| | | | - Kalhara R Menikdiwela
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, USA
| | - Logan Freeman
- School of Kinesiology, College of Health Profession, Marshall University, Huntington, USA
| | - Naima Moustaid-Moussa
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, USA
| | - Jung Han Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, USA.
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20
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Bhatti JS, Tamarai K, Kandimalla R, Manczak M, Yin X, Ramasubramanian B, Sawant N, Pradeepkiran JA, Vijayan M, Kumar S, Reddy PH. Protective effects of a mitochondria-targeted small peptide SS31 against hyperglycemia-induced mitochondrial abnormalities in the liver tissues of diabetic mice, Tallyho/JngJ mice. Mitochondrion 2021; 58:49-58. [PMID: 33639273 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2021.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has become a major public health issue associated with a high risk of late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD). Mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the molecular events that occur in the LOAD pathophysiology. The present study was planned to investigate the molecular alterations induced by hyperglycemia in the mitochondria of diabetic mice and further explore the possible ameliorative role of the mitochondria-targeted small peptide, SS31 in diabetic mice. For this purpose, we used a polygenic mouse model of type 2 diabetes, TALLYHO/JngJ (TH), and nondiabetic, SWR/J mice strains. The diabetic status in TH mice was confirmed at 8 weeks of age. The 24 weeks old experimental animals were segregated into three groups: Non-diabetic controls (SWR/J mice), diabetic (TH mice) and, SS31 treated diabetic TH mice. The mRNA and protein expression levels of mitochondrial proteins were investigated in all the study groups in the liver tissues using qPCR and immunoblot analysis. Also, the mitochondrial functions including H2O2 production, ATP generation, and lipid peroxidation were assessed in all the groups. Mitochondrial dysfunction was observed in TH mice as evident by significantly elevated H2O2 production, lipid peroxidation, and reduced ATP production. The mRNA expression and Western blot analysis of mitochondrial dynamics (Drp1 and Fis1 - fission; Mfn1, Mfn2, and Opa1 -fusion), and biogenesis (PGC-1α, Nrf1, Nrf2, and TFAM) genes were significantly altered in diabetic TH mice. Furthermore, SS31 treatment significantly reduced the mitochondrial abnormalities and restore mitochondrial functions in diabetic TH mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasvinder Singh Bhatti
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India; Department of Biotechnology, Sri Guru Gobind Singh College, Chandigarh, India; Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, MS 9424, Lubbock, TX 79430, United States
| | - Kavya Tamarai
- Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, MS 9424, Lubbock, TX 79430, United States
| | - Ramesh Kandimalla
- Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, MS 9424, Lubbock, TX 79430, United States; Department of Biochemistry, Kakatiya Medical College, Warangal, Telangana 506007, India; Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, Telangana 500007, India
| | - Maria Manczak
- Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, MS 9424, Lubbock, TX 79430, United States
| | - Xiangling Yin
- Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, MS 9424, Lubbock, TX 79430, United States
| | - Bhagavathi Ramasubramanian
- Internal Medicine Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, MS 9424, Lubbock, TX 79430, United States
| | - Neha Sawant
- Internal Medicine Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, MS 9424, Lubbock, TX 79430, United States
| | - Jangampalli Adi Pradeepkiran
- Internal Medicine Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, MS 9424, Lubbock, TX 79430, United States
| | - Murali Vijayan
- Internal Medicine Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, MS 9424, Lubbock, TX 79430, United States
| | - Subodh Kumar
- Internal Medicine Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, MS 9424, Lubbock, TX 79430, United States
| | - P Hemachandra Reddy
- Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, MS 9424, Lubbock, TX 79430, United States; Internal Medicine Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, MS 9424, Lubbock, TX 79430, United States; Cell Biology & Biochemistry Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, MS 9424, Lubbock, TX 79430, United States; Pharmacology & Neuroscience Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, MS 9424, Lubbock, TX 79430, United States; Neurology Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, MS 9424, Lubbock, TX 79430, United States; Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences Departments, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, MS 9424, Lubbock, TX 79430, United States.
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21
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Thrailkill KM, Bunn RC, Uppuganti S, Ray P, Popescu I, Kalaitzoglou E, Fowlkes JL, Nyman JS. Canagliflozin, an SGLT2 inhibitor, corrects glycemic dysregulation in TallyHO model of T2D but only partially prevents bone deficits. Bone 2020; 141:115625. [PMID: 32890778 PMCID: PMC7852344 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Higher fracture risk in type 2 diabetes (T2D) is attributed to disease-specific deficits in micro-structural and material properties of bone, although the primary cause is not yet established. The TallyHO (TH) mouse is a polygenic model of early-onset T2D and obesity analogous to adolescent-onset T2D in humans. Due to incomplete penetrance of the phenotype, ~25% of male TH mice never develop hyperglycemia, providing a strain-matched, non-diabetic control. Utilizing this model of T2D, we examined the impact of glucose-lowering therapy with canagliflozin (CANA) on diabetic bone. Male TH mice with or without hyperglycemia (High BG, Low BG) were monitored from ~8 to 20 weeks of age, and compared to age-matched, male, TH mice treated with CANA from ~8 to 20 weeks of age. At 20 weeks, untreated TH mice with high BG [High BG: 687 ± 106 mg/dL] exhibited lower body mass, decrements in cortical bone of the femur (decreased cross-sectional area and thickness; increased porosity) and in trabecular bone of the femur metaphysis and L6 vertebra (decreased bone volume fraction, thickness, and tissue mineral density), as well as decrements in cortical and vertebral bone strength (decreased yield force and ultimate force) when compared to untreated TH mice with low BG [Low BG: 290 ± 98 mg/dL; p < 0.0001]. CANA treatment was metabolically advantageous, normalizing body mass, BG and HbA1c to values comparable to the Low BG group. With drug-induced glycemic improvement, cortical area and thickness were significantly higher in the CANA than in the High BG group, but deficits in strength persisted with lower yield force and yield stress (partially independent of bone geometry) in the CANA group. Additionally, CANA only partially prevented the T2D-related loss in trabecular bone volume fraction. Taken together, these findings suggest that the ability of CANA to lower glucose and normalized glycemic control ameliorates diabetic bone disease but not fully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn M Thrailkill
- University of Kentucky Barnstable Brown Diabetes Center and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, United States of America.
| | - R Clay Bunn
- University of Kentucky Barnstable Brown Diabetes Center and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, United States of America
| | - Sasidhar Uppuganti
- VA Tennessee Valley Health Care System, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery & Rehabilitation, Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, United States of America
| | - Philip Ray
- University of Kentucky Barnstable Brown Diabetes Center and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, United States of America
| | - Iuliana Popescu
- University of Kentucky Barnstable Brown Diabetes Center and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, United States of America
| | - Evangelia Kalaitzoglou
- University of Kentucky Barnstable Brown Diabetes Center and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, United States of America
| | - John L Fowlkes
- University of Kentucky Barnstable Brown Diabetes Center and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, United States of America
| | - Jeffry S Nyman
- VA Tennessee Valley Health Care System, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery & Rehabilitation, Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, United States of America
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22
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Ramasubramanian B, Reddy PH. Are TallyHo Mice A True Mouse Model for Type 2 Diabetes and Alzheimer’s Disease? J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 72:S81-S93. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-190613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - P. Hemachandra Reddy
- Internal Medicine Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Cell Biology & Biochemistry Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Pharmacology & Neuroscience Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Neurology Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
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23
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Individuals with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T1DM, T2DM) have an increased risk of bone fracture compared to non-diabetic controls that is not explained by differences in BMD, BMI, or falls. Thus, bone tissue fracture resistance may be reduced in individuals with DM. The purpose of this review is to summarize work that analyzes the effects of T1DM and T2DM on bone tissue compositional and mechanical properties. RECENT FINDINGS Studies of clinical T2DM specimens revealed increased mineralization and advanced glycation endproduct (AGE) concentrations and significant relationships between mechanical performance and composition of cancellous bone. Specifically, in femoral cancellous tissue, compressive stiffness and strength increased with mineral content; and post-yield properties decreased with AGE concentration. In addition, cortical resistance to in vivo indentation (bone material strength index) was lower in patients with T2DM vs. age-matched non-diabetic controls, and this resistance decreased with worsening glycemic control. Recent studies on patients with T1DM and history of a prior fragility fracture found greater mineral content and concentrations of AGEs in iliac trabecular bone and correspondingly stiffer, harder bone at the nanosacle. Recent observational data showed greater AGE and mineral content in surgically retrieved bone from patients with T2DM vs. non-DM controls, consistent with reduced bone remodeling. Limited data on human T1DM bone tissue also showed higher mineral and AGE content in patients with prior fragility fractures compared to non-DM and non-fracture controls.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Biomechanical Phenomena
- Blood Glucose/metabolism
- Bone Density
- Bone Remodeling
- Bone and Bones/diagnostic imaging
- Bone and Bones/metabolism
- Bone and Bones/physiopathology
- Cancellous Bone/diagnostic imaging
- Cancellous Bone/metabolism
- Cancellous Bone/physiopathology
- Cortical Bone/diagnostic imaging
- Cortical Bone/metabolism
- Cortical Bone/physiopathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/physiopathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/epidemiology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/physiopathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/epidemiology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/physiopathology
- Fractures, Bone/epidemiology
- Glycation End Products, Advanced/metabolism
- Humans
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Affiliation(s)
- Sashank Lekkala
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Erik A Taylor
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Heather B Hunt
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Eve Donnelly
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
- Research Division, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA.
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Hunter CA, Kartal F, Koc ZC, Murphy T, Kim JH, Denvir J, Koc EC. Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation is impaired in TALLYHO mice, a new obesity and type 2 diabetes animal model. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2019; 116:105616. [PMID: 31542429 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2019.105616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes has become an epidemic disease largely explained by the dramatic increase in obesity in recent years. Mitochondrial dysfunction is suggested as an underlying factor in obesity and type 2 diabetes. In this study, we evaluated changes in oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondrial biogenesis in a new human obesity and type 2 diabetes model, TALLYHO/Jng mice. We hypothesized that the sequence variants identified in the whole genome analysis of TALLYHO/Jng mice would affect oxidative phosphorylation and contribute to obesity and insulin resistant phenotypes. To test this hypothesis, we investigated differences in the expression and activity of oxidative phosphorylation complexes, including the transcription and translation of nuclear- and mitochondrial-encoded subunits and enzymatic activities, in the liver and kidney of TALLYHO/Jng and C57BL/6 J mice. A significant decrease was observed in the expression of nuclear- and mitochondrial-encoded subunits of complex I and IV, respectively, in TALLYHO/Jng mice, which coincided with significant reductions in their enzymatic activities. Furthermore, sequence variants were identified in oxidative phosphorylation complex subunits, a mitochondrial tRNA synthetase, and mitochondrial ribosomal proteins. Our data suggested that the lower expression and activity of oxidative phosphorylation complexes results in the diminished energy metabolism observed in TALLYHO/Jng mice. Sequence variants identified in mitochondrial proteins accentuated a defect in mitochondrial protein synthesis which also contributes to impaired biogenesis and oxidative phosphorylation in TALLYHO/Jng mice. These results demonstrated that the identification of factors contributing to mitochondrial dysfunction will allow us to improve the disease prognosis and treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline A Hunter
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, 25755, United States
| | - Funda Kartal
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, 25755, United States
| | - Zeynep C Koc
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, 25755, United States
| | - Tamara Murphy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, 25755, United States
| | - Jung Han Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, 25755, United States
| | - James Denvir
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, 25755, United States
| | - Emine C Koc
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, 25755, United States.
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25
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Converging evidence points towards a role of insulin signaling in regulating compulsive behavior. Transl Psychiatry 2019; 9:225. [PMID: 31515486 PMCID: PMC6742634 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-019-0559-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a neuropsychiatric disorder with childhood onset, and is characterized by intrusive thoughts and fears (obsessions) that lead to repetitive behaviors (compulsions). Previously, we identified insulin signaling being associated with OCD and here, we aim to further investigate this link in vivo. We studied TALLYHO/JngJ (TH) mice, a model of type 2 diabetes mellitus, to (1) assess compulsive and anxious behaviors, (2) determine neuro-metabolite levels by 1 H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and brain structural connectivity by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and (3) investigate plasma and brain protein levels for molecules previously associated with OCD (insulin, Igf1, Kcnq1, and Bdnf) in these subjects. TH mice showed increased compulsivity-like behavior (reduced spontaneous alternation in the Y-maze) and more anxiety (less time spent in the open arms of the elevated plus maze). In parallel, their brains differed in the white matter microstructure measures fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) in the midline corpus callosum (increased FA and decreased MD), in myelinated fibers of the dorsomedial striatum (decreased FA and MD), and superior cerebellar peduncles (decreased FA and MD). MRS revealed increased glucose levels in the dorsomedial striatum and increased glutathione levels in the anterior cingulate cortex in the TH mice relative to their controls. Igf1 expression was reduced in the cerebellum of TH mice but increased in the plasma. In conclusion, our data indicates a role of (abnormal) insulin signaling in compulsivity-like behavior.
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Russart KLG, Chbeir SA, Nelson RJ, Magalang UJ. Light at night exacerbates metabolic dysfunction in a polygenic mouse model of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Life Sci 2019; 231:116574. [PMID: 31207311 PMCID: PMC6689263 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Electric lighting is beneficial to modern society; however, it is becoming apparent that light at night (LAN) is not without biological consequences. Several studies have reported negative effects of LAN on health and behavior in humans and nonhuman animals. Exposure of non-diabetic mice to dim LAN impairs glucose tolerance, whereas a return to dark nights (LD) reverses this impairment. We predicted that exposure to LAN would exacerbate the metabolic abnormalities in TALLYHO/JngJ (TH) mice, a polygenic model of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). MATERIALS AND METHODS We exposed 7-week old male TH mice to either LD or LAN for 8-10 weeks in two separate experiments. After 8 weeks of light treatment, we conducted intraperitoneal glucose tolerance testing (ipGTT) followed by intraperitoneal insulin tolerance testing (ipITT). In Experiment 1, all mice were returned to LD for 4 weeks, and ipITT was repeated. KEY FINDINGS The major results of this study are i) LAN exposure for 8 weeks exacerbates glucose intolerance and insulin resistance ii) the effects of LAN on insulin resistance are reversed upon return to LD, iii) LAN exposure results in a greater increase in body weight compared to LD exposure, iv) LAN increases the incidence of mice developing overt T2DM, and v) LAN exposure decreases survival of mice with T2DM. SIGNIFICANCE In conclusion, LAN exacerbated metabolic abnormalities in a polygenic mouse model of T2DM, and these effects were reversed upon return to dark nights. The applicability of these findings to humans with T2DM needs to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn L G Russart
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Souhad A Chbeir
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Randy J Nelson
- Department of Neuroscience, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - Ulysses J Magalang
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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27
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Tamarai K, Bhatti JS, Reddy PH. Molecular and cellular bases of diabetes: Focus on type 2 diabetes mouse model-TallyHo. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:2276-2284. [PMID: 31082469 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is a chronic lifestyle disorder that affects millions of people worldwide. Diabetes is a condition where the body does not produce sufficient insulin or does not use it efficiently. Insulin resistance in diabetes or obesity causes the pancreatic β-cells to increase the insulin output. Diabetes occurs in multiple forms, including type 1, type 2, type 3 and gestational. Type 2 diabetes accounts for ∼90-95% of total affected population and is associated with both impaired insulin production by the β-cells of the pancreas and impaired insulin release in response to high blood glucose levels. Diabetes is tightly linked with genetic mutations and genetic and lifestyle activities, including diet and exercise. Recent epidemiological studies established a close link between the diabetes and progression to Alzheimer's disease. This article summarizes various molecular mechanisms involved in the developments of diabetes, including biochemical characteristics, genetic and molecular links with Alzheimer's disease, β-cell function, and factors associated with diabetes. This will help us in the development of novel therapeutic strategies targeting AD in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavya Tamarai
- Internal Medicine Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4(th) Street, Lubbock, TX 79430, United States
| | - Jasvinder Singh Bhatti
- Internal Medicine Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4(th) Street, Lubbock, TX 79430, United States; Department of Biotechnology, Sri Guru Gobind Singh College, Chandigarh, India
| | - P Hemachandra Reddy
- Internal Medicine Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4(th) Street, Lubbock, TX 79430, United States; Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4(th) Street, MS 9424, Lubbock, TX 79430, United States; Cell Biology & Biochemistry Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4(th) Street, Lubbock, TX 79430, United States; Pharmacology & Neuroscience Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4(th) Street, MS 9424, Lubbock, TX 79430, United States; Neurology Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4(th) Street, MS 9424, Lubbock, TX 79430, United States; Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4(th) Street, MS 9424, Lubbock, TX 79430, United States; Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 3601 4(th) Street, MS 9424, Lubbock, TX 79430, United States.
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28
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Murtha MJ, Eichler T, Bender K, Metheny J, Li B, Schwaderer AL, Mosquera C, James C, Schwartz L, Becknell B, Spencer JD. Insulin receptor signaling regulates renal collecting duct and intercalated cell antibacterial defenses. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:5634-5646. [PMID: 30418175 DOI: 10.1172/jci98595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
People with diabetes mellitus have increased infection risk. With diabetes, urinary tract infection (UTI) is more common and has worse outcomes. Here, we investigate how diabetes and insulin resistance impact the kidney's innate defenses and urine sterility. We report that type 2 diabetic mice have increased UTI risk. Moreover, insulin-resistant prediabetic mice have increased UTI susceptibility, independent of hyperglycemia or glucosuria. To identify how insulin resistance affects renal antimicrobial defenses, we genetically deleted the insulin receptor in the kidney's collecting tubules and intercalated cells. Intercalated cells, located within collecting tubules, contribute to epithelial defenses by acidifying the urine and secreting antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) into the urinary stream. Collecting duct and intercalated cell-specific insulin receptor deletion did not impact urine acidification, suppressed downstream insulin-mediated targets and AMP expression, and increased UTI susceptibility. Specifically, insulin receptor-mediated signaling regulates AMPs, including lipocalin 2 and ribonuclease 4, via phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase signaling. These data suggest that insulin signaling plays a critical role in renal antibacterial defenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Murtha
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Tad Eichler
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Kristin Bender
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Jackie Metheny
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Birong Li
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Andrew L Schwaderer
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Claudia Mosquera
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Cindy James
- Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Laura Schwartz
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Brian Becknell
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - John David Spencer
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Chae YJ, Song JS, Ahn JH, Bae MA, Lee KR. Model-based pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic analysis for acute effects of a small molecule inhibitor of diacylglycerol acyltransferase-1 in the TallyHo/JngJ polygenic mouse. Xenobiotica 2018; 49:823-832. [PMID: 29972081 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2018.1496303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the acute effect of a small molecule inhibitor of DGAT-1 on triglycerides (TG) and cholesterol in polygenic type 2 diabetic TallyHo/JngJ (TH) mice. PF-04620110, a potent and selective DGAT-1 inhibitor, was used as a model compound in this study and which was administered to TH and ICR mice. The concentration of the model compound that produced 50% of maximum lowering of TG level (IC50) in TH mice was not significantly different from that in ICR mice, when estimated using the model-based pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic assay, a two-compartmental model and an indirect response model. The clearance of the inhibitor in TH mice was fivefold higher than that in ICR mice, suggesting significantly altered pharmacokinetics. Moreover, the in vitro metabolic elimination kinetic parameters (ke,met), determined using liver microsomes from TH and ICR mice were 1.24 ± 0.14 and 0.174 ± 0.116 min-1, respectively. Thus, we report that the differences in the acute effects of the small molecule DAGT-1 inhibitor between TH mice and ICR mice can be attributed to altered pharmacokinetics caused by an altered metabolic rate for the compound in TH mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon-Jee Chae
- a CKD Research Institute , Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Sook Song
- b Bio & Drug Discovery Division , Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology , Daejeon , Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hee Ahn
- c Department of Chemistry , Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology , Gwangju , Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Ae Bae
- b Bio & Drug Discovery Division , Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology , Daejeon , Republic of Korea.,d Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology , University of Science & Technology , Daejeon , Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong-Ryoon Lee
- e Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology , Chungbuk , Republic of Korea
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Abstract
Metabolic disease risk is driven by defects in the function of cells that regulate energy homeostasis, as well as altered communication between the different tissues or organs that these cells occupy. Thus, it is desirable to use model organisms to understand the contribution of different cells, tissues and organs to metabolism. Mice are widely used for metabolic research, since well-characterised mouse strains (in terms of their genotype and phenotype) allow comparative studies and human disease modelling. Such research involves strains containing spontaneous mutations that lead to obesity and diabetes, surgically- and chemically-induced models, those that are secondary to caloric excess, genetic mutants created by transgenesis and gene knockout technologies, and peripheral models generated by Cre-Lox or CRISPR/Cas9 approaches. Focussing on obesity and type 2 diabetes as relevant metabolic diseases, we systematically review each of these models, discussing their use, limitations, and future potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela da Silva Xavier
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK; Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - David J Hodson
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, UK; Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, B15 2TH, UK; COMPARE University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham Midlands, UK.
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31
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Creecy A, Uppuganti S, Unal M, Clay Bunn R, Voziyan P, Nyman JS. Low bone toughness in the TallyHO model of juvenile type 2 diabetes does not worsen with age. Bone 2018; 110:204-214. [PMID: 29438824 PMCID: PMC5878744 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Fracture risk increases as type 2 diabetes (T2D) progresses. With the rising incidence of T2D, in particular early-onset T2D, a representative pre-clinical model is needed to study mechanisms for treating or preventing diabetic bone disease. Towards that goal, we hypothesized that fracture resistance of bone from diabetic TallyHO mice decreases as the duration of diabetes increases. Femurs and lumbar vertebrae were harvested from male, TallyHO mice and male, non-diabetic SWR/J mice at 16weeks (n≥12 per strain) and 34weeks (n≥13 per strain) of age. As is characteristic of this model of juvenile T2D, the TallyHO mice were obese and hyperglycemic at an early age (5weeks and 10weeks of age, respectively). The femur mid-shaft of TallyHO mice had higher tissue mineral density and larger cortical area, as determined by micro-computed tomography, compared to the femur mid-shaft of SWR/J mice, irrespective of age. As such, the diabetic rodent bone was structurally stronger than the non-diabetic rodent bone, but the higher peak force endured by the diaphysis during three-point (3pt) bending was not independent of the difference in body weight. Upon accounting for the structure of the femur diaphysis, the estimated toughness at 16weeks and 34weeks was lower for the diabetic mice than for non-diabetic controls, but neither toughness nor estimated material strength and resistance to crack growth (3pt bending of contralateral notched femur) decreased as the duration of hyperglycemia increased. With respect to trabecular bone, there were no differences in the compressive strength of the L6 vertebral strength between diabetic and non-diabetic mice at both ages despite a lower trabecular bone volume for the TallyHO than for the SWR/J mice at 34weeks. Amide I sub-peak ratios as determined by Raman Spectroscopy analysis of the femur diaphysis suggested a difference in collagen structure between diabetic and non-diabetic mice, although there was not a significant difference in matrix pentosidine between the groups. Overall, the fracture resistance of bone in the TallyHO model of T2D did not progressively decrease with increasing duration of hyperglycemia. However, given the variability in hyperglycemia in this model, there were correlations between blood glucose levels and certain structural properties including peak force.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Creecy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, United States; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery & Rehabilitation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, United States; Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
| | - Sasidhar Uppuganti
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery & Rehabilitation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, United States; Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
| | - Mustafa Unal
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery & Rehabilitation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, United States; Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
| | - R Clay Bunn
- University of Kentucky Barnstable Brown Diabetes Center, Lexington, KY 40536, United States; Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, United States
| | - Paul Voziyan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, United States; Center for Matrix Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
| | - Jeffry S Nyman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, United States; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery & Rehabilitation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, United States; Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, United States; Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN 37212, United States.
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Lee EA, Lee DI, Kim HY, Ahn SH, Seong HR, Jung WH, Kim KY, Kim S, Rhee SD. Cyp7a1 is continuously increased with disrupted Fxr-mediated feedback inhibition in hypercholesterolemic TALLYHO/Jng mice. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2018; 1863:20-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2017.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Rapamycin treatment benefits glucose metabolism in mouse models of type 2 diabetes. Aging (Albany NY) 2017; 8:3120-3130. [PMID: 27922820 PMCID: PMC5191889 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Numerous studies suggest that rapamycin treatment promotes insulin resistance, implying that rapamycin could have negative effects on patients with, or at risk for, type 2 diabetes (T2D). New evidence, however, indicates that rapamycin treatment produces some benefits to energy metabolism, even in the context of T2D. Here, we survey 5 mouse models of T2D (KK, KK-Ay, NONcNZO10, BKS-db/db, TALLYHO) to quantify effects of rapamycin on well-recognized markers of glucose homeostasis within a wide range of T2D environments. Interestingly, dietary rapamycin treatment did not exacerbate impaired glucose or insulin tolerance, or elevate circulating lipids as T2D progressed. In fact, rapamycin increased insulin sensitivity and reduced weight gain in 3 models, and decreased hyperinsulinemia in 2 models. A key covariate of this genetically-based, differential response was pancreatic insulin content (PIC): Models with low PIC exhibited more beneficial effects than models with high PIC. However, a minimal PIC threshold may exist, below which hypoinsulinemic hyperglycemia develops, as it did in TALLYHO. Our results, along with other studies, indicate that beneficial or detrimental metabolic effects of rapamycin treatment, in a diabetic or pre-diabetic context, are driven by the interaction of rapamycin with the individual model's pancreatic physiology.
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Congenic mice demonstrate the presence of QTLs conferring obesity and hypercholesterolemia on chromosome 1 in the TALLYHO mouse. Mamm Genome 2017; 28:487-497. [PMID: 28983685 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-017-9719-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The TALLYHO (TH) mouse presents a metabolic syndrome of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and hyperlipidemia. Highly significant quantitative trait loci (QTLs) linked to adiposity and hypercholesterolemia were previously identified on chromosome (Chr) 1 in a genome-wide scan of F2 mice from C57BL/6J (B6) x TH. In this study, we generated congenic mouse strains that carry the Chr 1 QTLs derived from TH on a B6 background; B6.TH-Chr1-128Mb (128Mb in size) and B6.TH-Chr1-92Mb (92Mb in size, proximally overlapping). We characterized these congenic mice on chow and high fat (HF) diets. On chow, B6.TH-Chr1-128Mb congenic mice exhibited a slightly larger body fat mass compared with B6.TH-Chr1-92Mb congenic and B6 mice, while body fat mass between B6.TH-Chr1-92Mb congenic and B6 mice was comparable. Plasma total cholesterol levels were significantly higher in B6.TH-Chr1-128Mb congenics compared to B6.TH-Chr1-92Mb congenic and B6 mice. Again, there was no difference in plasma total cholesterol levels between B6.TH-Chr1-92Mb congenic and B6 mice. All animals gained more body fat and exhibited higher plasma total cholesterol levels when fed HF diets than fed chow, but these increases were greater in B6.TH-Chr1-128Mb congenics than in B6.TH-Chr1-92Mb congenic and B6 mice. These results confirmed the effect of the 128Mb TH segment from Chr 1 on body fat and plasma cholesterol values and showed that the distal segment of Chr 1 from TH is necessary to cause both phenotypes. Through bioinformatic approaches, we generated a list of potential candidate genes within the distal region of Chr 1 and tested Ifi202b and Apoa2. We conclude that Chr 1 QTLs largely confer obesity and hypercholesterolemia in TH mice and can be promising targets for identifying susceptibility genes. Congenic mouse strains will be a valuable resource for gene identification.
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N-acyl Taurines and Acylcarnitines Cause an Imbalance in Insulin Synthesis and Secretion Provoking β Cell Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetes. Cell Metab 2017; 25:1334-1347.e4. [PMID: 28591636 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2017.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The processes contributing to β cell dysfunction in type 2 diabetes (T2D) are uncertain, largely because it is difficult to access β cells in their intact immediate environment. We examined the pathophysiology of β cells under T2D progression directly in pancreatic tissues. We used MALDI imaging of Langerhans islets (LHIs) within mouse tissues or from human tissues to generate in situ-omics data, which we supported with in vitro experiments. Molecular interaction networks provided information on functional pathways and molecules. We found that stearoylcarnitine accumulated in β cells, leading to arrest of insulin synthesis and energy deficiency via excessive β-oxidation and depletion of TCA cycle and oxidative phosphorylation metabolites. Acetylcarnitine and an accumulation of N-acyl taurines, a group not previously detected in β cells, provoked insulin secretion. Thus, β cell dysfunction results from enhanced insulin secretion combined with an arrest of insulin synthesis.
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Yu T, Zhao L, Huang X, Xie M, Wang X, Ma C, Xu Y, Wang Y, Xie B, Luo G, Zhang J, Xuan D. Postoperative Weight Loss Masks Metabolic Impacts of Periodontitis in Obese Rodents. J Periodontol 2017; 88:e97-e108. [PMID: 28394188 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2017.160655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yu
- Key Laboratory of Oral Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Oral Disease, Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Prosthodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Technology and Materials for Oral Reconstruction, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Periodontology, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meilian Xie
- Department of Periodontology, Ai Kang Jian Dental Group, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiangli Wang
- Department of Periodontology, Hangzhou Dental Hospital, Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chanjuan Ma
- Department of Periodontology, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yixin Xu
- Department of Periodontology, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yixiong Wang
- Department of Periodontology, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baoyi Xie
- Department of Periodontology, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gang Luo
- Key Laboratory of Oral Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Oral Disease, Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jincai Zhang
- Department of Periodontology, Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dongying Xuan
- Department of Periodontology, Hangzhou Dental Hospital, Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
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Franko A, Neschen S, Rozman J, Rathkolb B, Aichler M, Feuchtinger A, Brachthäuser L, Neff F, Kovarova M, Wolf E, Fuchs H, Häring HU, Peter A, Hrabě de Angelis M. Bezafibrate ameliorates diabetes via reduced steatosis and improved hepatic insulin sensitivity in diabetic TallyHo mice. Mol Metab 2017; 6:256-266. [PMID: 28271032 PMCID: PMC5323884 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2016.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recently, we have shown that Bezafibrate (BEZ), the pan-PPAR (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor) activator, ameliorated diabetes in insulin deficient streptozotocin treated diabetic mice. In order to study whether BEZ can also improve glucose metabolism in a mouse model for fatty liver and type 2 diabetes, the drug was applied to TallyHo mice. METHODS TallyHo mice were divided into an early (ED) and late (LD) diabetes progression group and both groups were treated with 0.5% BEZ (BEZ group) or standard diet (SD group) for 8 weeks. We analyzed plasma parameters, pancreatic beta-cell morphology, and mass as well as glucose metabolism of the BEZ-treated and control mice. Furthermore, liver fat content and composition as well as hepatic gluconeogenesis and mitochondrial mass were determined. RESULTS Plasma lipid and glucose levels were markedly reduced upon BEZ treatment, which was accompanied by elevated insulin sensitivity index as well as glucose tolerance, respectively. BEZ increased islet area in the pancreas. Furthermore, BEZ treatment improved energy expenditure and metabolic flexibility. In the liver, BEZ ameliorated steatosis, modified lipid composition and increased mitochondrial mass, which was accompanied by reduced hepatic gluconeogenesis. CONCLUSIONS Our data showed that BEZ ameliorates diabetes probably via reduced steatosis, enhanced hepatic mitochondrial mass, improved metabolic flexibility and elevated hepatic insulin sensitivity in TallyHo mice, suggesting that BEZ treatment could be beneficial for patients with NAFLD and impaired glucose metabolism.
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Key Words
- BEZ, Bezafibrate
- BG, blood glucose
- Bezafibrate
- ED, early onset of diabetes
- EM, electron microscopy
- FA, fatty acid
- Glucose metabolism
- HOMA-IR, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance
- Insulin resistance
- LD, late onset of diabetes
- Lipid metabolism
- NAFLD
- NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- NEFA, non-esterified fatty acid
- PPAR, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor
- RER, respiratory exchange ratios
- SD, standard diet
- T2D, type 2 diabetes
- TG, triglyceride
- qNMR, quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance
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Affiliation(s)
- Andras Franko
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Susanne Neschen
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jan Rozman
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Birgit Rathkolb
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität-München, Hackerstr. 27, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Michaela Aichler
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Annette Feuchtinger
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Laura Brachthäuser
- Institute of Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Frauke Neff
- Institute of Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Marketa Kovarova
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Eckhard Wolf
- Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität-München, Hackerstr. 27, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Helmut Fuchs
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Häring
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Centre Munich at the University of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Peter
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Centre Munich at the University of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martin Hrabě de Angelis
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Center of Life and Food Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Alte Akademie 8, 85354 Freising, Germany.
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Denvir J, Boskovic G, Fan J, Primerano DA, Parkman JK, Kim JH. Whole genome sequence analysis of the TALLYHO/Jng mouse. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:907. [PMID: 27835940 PMCID: PMC5106808 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-3245-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The TALLYHO/Jng (TH) mouse is a polygenic model for obesity and type 2 diabetes first described in the literature in 2001. The origin of the TH strain is an outbred colony of the Theiler Original strain and mice derived from this source were selectively bred for male hyperglycemia establishing an inbred strain at The Jackson Laboratory. TH mice manifest many of the disease phenotypes observed in human obesity and type 2 diabetes. Results We sequenced the whole genome of TH mice maintained at Marshall University to a depth of approximately 64.8X coverage using data from three next generation sequencing runs. Genome-wide, we found approximately 4.31 million homozygous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 1.10 million homozygous small insertions and deletions (indels) of which 98,899 SNPs and 163,720 indels were unique to the TH strain compared to 28 previously sequenced inbred mouse strains. In order to identify potentially clinically-relevant genes, we intersected our list of SNP and indel variants with human orthologous genes in which variants were associated in GWAS studies with obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome, and with genes previously shown to confer a monogenic obesity phenotype in humans, and found several candidate variants that could be functionally tested using TH mice. Further, we filtered our list of variants to those occurring in an obesity quantitative trait locus, tabw2, identified in TH mice and found a missense polymorphism in the Cidec gene and characterized this variant’s effect on protein function. Conclusions We generated a complete catalog of variants in TH mice using the data from whole genome sequencing. Our findings will facilitate the identification of causal variants that underlie metabolic diseases in TH mice and will enable identification of candidate susceptibility genes for complex human obesity and type 2 diabetes. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-016-3245-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Denvir
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, 1700 3rd Ave. #435K BBSC, Huntington, WV, 25755, USA
| | - Goran Boskovic
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, 1700 3rd Ave. #435K BBSC, Huntington, WV, 25755, USA
| | - Jun Fan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, 1700 3rd Ave. #435K BBSC, Huntington, WV, 25755, USA
| | - Donald A Primerano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, 1700 3rd Ave. #435K BBSC, Huntington, WV, 25755, USA
| | - Jacaline K Parkman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, 1700 3rd Ave. #435K BBSC, Huntington, WV, 25755, USA
| | - Jung Han Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, 1700 3rd Ave. #435K BBSC, Huntington, WV, 25755, USA.
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Nascimento NF, Hicks JA, Carlson KN, Hatzidis A, Amaral DN, Logan RW, Seggio JA. Long-term wheel-running and acute 6-h advances alter glucose tolerance and insulin levels in TALLYHO/JngJ mice. Chronobiol Int 2015; 33:108-16. [PMID: 26654732 PMCID: PMC10950386 DOI: 10.3109/07420528.2015.1108330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Studies have shown a relationship between circadian rhythm disruptions and type-2 diabetes. This investigation examined the effects of circadian disruption (6-h phase advances) on the progression of diabetes in a type-2 diabetic mouse model -TALLYHO/JngJ - and whether wheel-running can alleviate the effects of the phase advances. 6-h advances alter fasting glucose, glucose tolerance and insulin production. Wheel-running reduced body mass, improved glucose tolerance and reduced insulin in TALLYHO/JngJ and alleviated some of the changes in diabetic symptoms due to 6-h advances. These results indicate that individuals with type-2 diabetes can benefit from physical activity and exercise can be a countermeasure to offset the effects of an acute phase advance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nara F. Nascimento
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bridgewater State University, Bridgewater, MA, USA
| | - Jasmin A. Hicks
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bridgewater State University, Bridgewater, MA, USA
| | - Karen N. Carlson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bridgewater State University, Bridgewater, MA, USA
| | - Aikaterini Hatzidis
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bridgewater State University, Bridgewater, MA, USA
| | - Danielle N. Amaral
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bridgewater State University, Bridgewater, MA, USA
| | - Ryan W. Logan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Joseph A. Seggio
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bridgewater State University, Bridgewater, MA, USA
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Elucidation of genetic factors in diabetes based on studies of animal models. Diabetol Int 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13340-015-0228-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Louden ED, Luzzo KM, Jimenez PT, Chi T, Chi M, Moley KH. TallyHO obese female mice experience poor reproductive outcomes and abnormal blastocyst metabolism that is reversed by metformin. Reprod Fertil Dev 2015; 27:31-9. [PMID: 25472042 DOI: 10.1071/rd14339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Obese women experience worse reproductive outcomes than normal weight women, specifically infertility, pregnancy loss, fetal malformations and developmental delay of offspring. The aim of the present study was to use a genetic mouse model of obesity to recapitulate the human reproductive phenotype and further examine potential mechanisms and therapies. New inbred, polygenic Type 2 diabetic TallyHO mice and age-matched control C57BL/6 mice were superovulated to obtain morula or blastocyst stage embryos that were cultured in human tubal fluid (HTF) medium. Deoxyglucose uptake was determined for individual insulin-stimulated blastocysts. Apoptosis was detected by confocal microscopy using the terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-digoxigenin nick end-labelling (TUNEL) assay and Topro-3 nuclear dye. Embryos were scored for TUNEL-positive as a percentage of total nuclei. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α expression and adiponectin expression were analysed by western immunoblot and confocal immunofluorescent microscopy. Lipid accumulation was assayed by BODIPY. Comparisons were made between TallyHO morulae cultured to blastocyst embryos in either HTF medium or HTF medium with 25 μg mL(-1) metformin. TallyHO mice developed whole body abnormal insulin tolerance, had decreased litter sizes and increased non-esterified fatty acid levels. Blastocysts from TallyHO mice exhibited increased apoptosis, decreased insulin sensitivity and decreased AMPK. A possible cause for the insulin resistance and abnormal AMPK phosphorylation was the increased TNF-α expression and lipid accumulation, as detected by BODIPY, in TallyHO blastocysts and decreased adiponectin. Culturing TallyHO morulae with the AMPK activator metformin led to a reversal of all the abnormal findings, including increased AMPK phosphorylation, improved insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and normalisation of lipid accumulation. Women with obesity and insulin resistance experience poor pregnancy outcomes. Previously we have shown in mouse models of insulin resistance that AMPK activity is decreased and that activators of AMPK reverse poor embryo outcomes. Here, we show for the first time using a genetically altered obese model, not a diet-induced model, that metformin reverses many of the adverse effects of obesity at the level of the blastocyst. Expanding on this we determine that activation of AMPK via metformin reduces lipid droplet accumulation, presumably by eliminating the inhibitory effects of TNF-α, resulting in normalisation of fatty acid oxidation and HADH2 (hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase/3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase/enoyl-CoA hydratase (trifunctional protein), alpha subunit) activity. Metformin exposure in vitro was able to partially reverse these effects, at the level of the blastocyst, and may thus be effective in preventing the adverse effects of obesity on pregnancy and reproductive outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica D Louden
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, 425 S. Euclid Ave, Campus Box 8064, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Kerri M Luzzo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, 425 S. Euclid Ave, Campus Box 8064, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Patricia T Jimenez
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, 425 S. Euclid Ave, Campus Box 8064, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Tiffany Chi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, 425 S. Euclid Ave, Campus Box 8064, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Maggie Chi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, 425 S. Euclid Ave, Campus Box 8064, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Kelle H Moley
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, 425 S. Euclid Ave, Campus Box 8064, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
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Discovery and optimization of adamantane carboxylic acid derivatives as potent diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 inhibitors for the potential treatment of obesity and diabetes. Eur J Med Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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43
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King K, Rosenthal A. The adverse effects of diabetes on osteoarthritis: update on clinical evidence and molecular mechanisms. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2015; 23:841-50. [PMID: 25837996 PMCID: PMC5530368 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2015.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Projected increases in the prevalence of both diabetes mellitus (DM) and osteoarthritis (OA) ensure their common co-existence. In an era of increasing attention to personalized medicine, understanding the influence of common comorbidities such as DM should result in improved care of patients with OA. In this narrative review, we summarize the literature addressing the interactions between DM and OA spanning the years from 1962 to 2014. We separated studies depending on whether they investigated clinical populations, animal models, or cells and tissues. The clinical literature addressing the influence of DM on OA and its therapeutic outcomes suggests that DM may augment the development and severity of OA and that DM increases risks associated with joint replacement surgery. The few high quality studies using animal models also support an adverse effect of DM on OA. We review strengths and weaknesses of the common rodent models of DM. The heterogeneous literature derived from studies of articular cells and tissues also supports the existence of biochemical and biomechanical changes in articular tissues in DM, and begins to characterize molecular mechanisms activated in diabetic-like environs which may contribute to OA. Increasing evidence from the clinic and the laboratory supports an adverse effect of DM on the development, severity, and therapeutic outcomes for OA. To understand the mechanisms through which DM contributes to OA, further studies are clearly necessary. Future studies of DM-influenced mechanisms may shed light on general mechanisms of OA pathogenesis and result in more specific and effective therapies for all OA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- K.B. King
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA,Surgical Service, Orthopaedic Service, Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Veterans Affairs, Denver, CO, USA
| | - A.K. Rosenthal
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA,Medicine Service, Rheumatology Service, The Clement J. Zablocki Medical Center, Veterans Affairs, Milwaukee, WI, USA,Address correspondence and reprint requests to: A.K. Rosenthal, Zablocki VA Medical Center, 5000 W. National Avenue, Milwaukee, WI 53295-1000, USA. Tel: 1-(414)-955-7027; Fax: 1-(414)-955-6205
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Tomechko SE, Liu G, Tao M, Schlatzer D, Powell CT, Gupta S, Chance MR, Daneshgari F. Tissue specific dysregulated protein subnetworks in type 2 diabetic bladder urothelium and detrusor muscle. Mol Cell Proteomics 2015; 14:635-45. [PMID: 25573746 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m114.041863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is well known to cause bladder dysfunction; however, the molecular mechanisms governing this process and the effects on individual tissue elements within the bladder are poorly understood, particularly in type 2 diabetes. A shotgun proteomics approach was applied to identify proteins differentially expressed between type 2 diabetic (TallyHo) and control (SWR/J) mice in the bladder smooth muscle and urothelium, separately. We were able to identify 1760 nonredundant proteins from the detrusor smooth muscle and 3169 nonredundant proteins from urothelium. Pathway and network analysis of significantly dysregulated proteins was conducted to investigate the molecular processes associated with diabetes. This pinpointed ERK1/2 signaling as a key regulatory node in the diabetes-induced pathophysiology for both tissue types. The detrusor muscle samples showed diabetes-induced increased tissue remodeling-type events such as Actin Cytoskeleton Signaling and Signaling by Rho Family GTPases. The diabetic urothelium samples exhibited oxidative stress responses, as seen in the suppression of protein expression for key players in the NRF2-Mediated Oxidative Stress Response pathway. These results suggest that diabetes induced elevated inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, and tissue remodeling are involved in the development of tissue specific diabetic bladder dysfunctions. Validation of signaling dysregulation as a function of diabetes was performed using Western blotting. These data illustrated changes in ERK1/2 phosphorylation as a function of diabetes, with significant decreases in diabetes-associated phosphorylation in urothelium, but the opposite effect in detrusor muscle. These data highlight the importance of understanding tissue specific effects of disease process in understanding pathophysiology in complex disease and pave the way for future studies to better understand important molecular targets in reversing bladder dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guiming Liu
- §Urology Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Center and Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, 44106
| | - Mingfang Tao
- §Urology Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Center and Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, 44106
| | | | - C Thomas Powell
- §Urology Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Center and Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, 44106
| | - Sanjay Gupta
- §Urology Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Center and Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, 44106
| | | | - Firouz Daneshgari
- §Urology Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Center and Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, 44106
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Neschen S, Scheerer M, Seelig A, Huypens P, Schultheiss J, Wu M, Wurst W, Rathkolb B, Suhre K, Wolf E, Beckers J, Hrabé de Angelis M. Metformin supports the antidiabetic effect of a sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor by suppressing endogenous glucose production in diabetic mice. Diabetes 2015; 64:284-90. [PMID: 25071027 DOI: 10.2337/db14-0393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Combined use of metformin and a sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2I) is a promising treatment strategy for type 2 diabetes. The mechanism by which combination treatment provides better glycemic control than metformin or SGLT2I monotherapy remains elusive. Therefore, we investigated the physiological mechanism by which both compounds lower blood glucose concentrations in diabetic mice. We compared the potential of metformin and the SGLT2I AVE2268 alone or in combination to mitigate hyperglycemia and modulate glucose fluxes in db/db and diabetic Tallyho/JngJ mice. SGLT2I treatment alone elicited a rapid decline in circulating blood glucose levels, which appeared to induce endogenous glucose production. Supplementation of metformin dampened this counterresponse, and therefore, combination therapy more efficiently maintained glycemic control. Finally, combination treatment blunted postprandial glucose excursions and improved HbA1c levels within 2 weeks. We conclude that coapplication of metformin enhances the glucose-lowering actions of SGLT2I by restraining endogenous glucose production, which may provide long-term improvement of glycemic control in type 2 diabetic patients.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Drug Therapy, Combination
- Glucose/biosynthesis
- Glucose Clamp Technique
- Glucosides/pharmacology
- Glycated Hemoglobin/metabolism
- Hyperglycemia/drug therapy
- Hyperglycemia/metabolism
- Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology
- Metformin/pharmacology
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Obese
- Obesity/metabolism
- Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2/metabolism
- Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Neschen
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Scheerer
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany
| | - Anett Seelig
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Huypens
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany
| | - Jürgen Schultheiss
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany
| | - Moya Wu
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wurst
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany Technische Universität München-Weihenstephan, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Birgit Rathkolb
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany
| | - Karsten Suhre
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Education City-Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Eckhard Wolf
- Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Johannes Beckers
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany Technische Universität München-Weihenstephan, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Hrabé de Angelis
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany Technische Universität München-Weihenstephan, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
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46
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High-resolution genetic mapping in the diversity outbred mouse population identifies Apobec1 as a candidate gene for atherosclerosis. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2014; 4:2353-63. [PMID: 25344410 PMCID: PMC4267931 DOI: 10.1534/g3.114.014704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Inbred mice exhibit strain-specific variation in susceptibility to atherosclerosis and dyslipidemia that renders them useful in dissecting the genetic architecture of these complex diseases. Traditional quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping studies using inbred strains often identify large genomic regions, containing many genes, due to limited recombination and/or sample size. This hampers candidate gene identification and translation of these results into possible risk factors and therapeutic targets. An alternative approach is the use of multiparental outbred lines for genetic mapping, such as the Diversity Outbred (DO) mouse panel, which can be more informative than traditional two-parent crosses and can aid in the identification of causal genes and variants associated with QTL. We fed 292 female DO mice either a high-fat, cholesterol-containing (HFCA) diet, to induce atherosclerosis, or a low-fat, high-protein diet for 18 wk and measured plasma lipid levels before and after diet treatment. We measured markers of atherosclerosis in the mice fed the HFCA diet. The mice were genotyped on a medium-density single-nucleotide polymorphism array and founder haplotypes were reconstructed using a hidden Markov model. The reconstructed haplotypes were then used to perform linkage mapping of atherosclerotic lesion size as well as plasma total cholesterol, triglycerides, insulin, and glucose. Among our highly significant QTL we detected a ~100 kb QTL interval for atherosclerosis on Chromosome 6, as well as a 1.4 Mb QTL interval on Chromosome 9 for triglyceride levels at baseline and a coincident 22.2 Mb QTL interval on Chromosome 9 for total cholesterol after dietary treatment. One candidate gene within the Chromosome 6 peak region associated with atherosclerosis is Apobec1, the apolipoprotein B (ApoB) mRNA-editing enzyme, which plays a role in the regulation of ApoB, a critical component of low-density lipoprotein, by editing ApoB mRNA. This study demonstrates the value of the DO population to improve mapping resolution and to aid in the identification of potential therapeutic targets for cardiovascular disease. Using a DO mouse population fed an HFCA diet, we were able to identify an A/J-specific isoform of Apobec1 that contributes to atherosclerosis.
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47
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Kebede MA, Attie AD. Insights into obesity and diabetes at the intersection of mouse and human genetics. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2014; 25:493-501. [PMID: 25034129 PMCID: PMC4177963 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2014.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Many of our insights into obesity and diabetes come from studies in mice carrying natural or induced mutations. In parallel, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in humans have identified numerous genes that are causally associated with obesity and diabetes, but discovering the underlying mechanisms required in-depth studies in mice. We discuss the advantages of studying natural variation in mice and summarize several examples where the combination of human and mouse genetics opened windows into fundamental physiological pathways. A noteworthy example is the melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) and its role in energy balance. The pathway was delineated by discovering the gene responsible for the Agouti mutation in mice. With more targeted phenotyping, we predict that additional pathways relevant to human pathophysiology will be discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melkam A Kebede
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Alan D Attie
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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48
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Devlin MJ, Van Vliet M, Motyl K, Karim L, Brooks DJ, Louis L, Conlon C, Rosen CJ, Bouxsein ML. Early-onset type 2 diabetes impairs skeletal acquisition in the male TALLYHO/JngJ mouse. Endocrinology 2014; 155:3806-16. [PMID: 25051433 PMCID: PMC4164927 DOI: 10.1210/en.2014-1041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) incidence in adolescents is rising and may interfere with peak bone mass acquisition. We tested the effects of early-onset T2D on bone mass, microarchitecture, and strength in the TALLYHO/JngJ mouse, which develops T2D by 8 weeks of age. We assessed metabolism and skeletal acquisition in male TALLYHO/JngJ and SWR/J controls (n = 8-10/group) from 4 weeks to 8 and 17 weeks of age. Tallyho mice were obese; had an approximately 2-fold higher leptin and percentage body fat; and had lower bone mineral density vs SWR at all time points (P < .03 for all). Tallyho had severe deficits in distal femur trabecular bone volume fraction (-54%), trabecular number (-27%), and connectivity density (-82%) (P < .01 for all). Bone formation was higher in Tallyho mice at 8 weeks but lower by 17 weeks of age vs SWR despite similar numbers of osteoblasts. Bone marrow adiposity was 7- to 50-fold higher in Tallyho vs SWR. In vitro, primary bone marrow stromal cell differentiation into osteoblast and adipocyte lineages was similar in SWR and Tallyho, suggesting skeletal deficits were not due to intrinsic defects in Tallyho bone-forming cells. These data suggest the Tallyho mouse might be a useful model to study the skeletal effects of adolescent T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Devlin
- Department of Anthropology (M.J.D.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48104; Center for Advanced Orthopedic Studies (M.J.D., M.V.V., L.K., D.J.B., L.L., C.C., M.L.B.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, and Harvard Medical School (M.L.B.), Boston, Massachusetts 02215; and Maine Medical Center Research Institute (K.M., C.J.R.), Scarborough, Maine 04074
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49
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Chen Z, Guo L, Zhang Y, Walzem RL, Pendergast JS, Printz RL, Morris LC, Matafonova E, Stien X, Kang L, Coulon D, McGuinness OP, Niswender KD, Davies SS. Incorporation of therapeutically modified bacteria into gut microbiota inhibits obesity. J Clin Invest 2014; 124:3391-406. [PMID: 24960158 DOI: 10.1172/jci72517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic disorders, including obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, are widespread in Westernized nations. Gut microbiota composition is a contributing factor to the susceptibility of an individual to the development of these disorders; therefore, altering a person's microbiota may ameliorate disease. One potential microbiome-altering strategy is the incorporation of modified bacteria that express therapeutic factors into the gut microbiota. For example, N-acylphosphatidylethanolamines (NAPEs) are precursors to the N-acylethanolamide (NAE) family of lipids, which are synthesized in the small intestine in response to feeding and reduce food intake and obesity. Here, we demonstrated that administration of engineered NAPE-expressing E. coli Nissle 1917 bacteria in drinking water for 8 weeks reduced the levels of obesity in mice fed a high-fat diet. Mice that received modified bacteria had dramatically lower food intake, adiposity, insulin resistance, and hepatosteatosis compared with mice receiving standard water or control bacteria. The protective effects conferred by NAPE-expressing bacteria persisted for at least 4 weeks after their removal from the drinking water. Moreover, administration of NAPE-expressing bacteria to TallyHo mice, a polygenic mouse model of obesity, inhibited weight gain. Our results demonstrate that incorporation of appropriately modified bacteria into the gut microbiota has potential as an effective strategy to inhibit the development of metabolic disorders.
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50
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The genetic basis of obesity-associated type 2 diabetes (diabesity) in polygenic mouse models. Mamm Genome 2014; 25:401-12. [PMID: 24752583 PMCID: PMC4164836 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-014-9514-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Obesity-associated diabetes (“diabesity”) in mouse strains is characterized by severe insulin resistance, hyperglycaemia and progressive failure, and loss of beta cells. This condition is observed in inbred obese mouse strains such as the New Zealand Obese (NZO/HlLt and NZO/HlBomDife) or the TALLYHO/JngJ mouse. In lean strains such as C57BLKS/J, BTBR T+tf/J or DBA/2 J carrying diabetes susceptibility genes (“diabetes susceptible” background), it can be induced by introgression of the obesity-causing mutations Lep<ob> (ob) or Lepr<db> (db). Outcross populations of these models have been employed in the genome-wide search for mouse diabetes genes, and have led to positional cloning of the strong candidates Pctp, Tbc1d1, Zfp69, and Ifi202b (NZO-derived obesity) and Sorcs1,Lisch-like, Tomosyn-2, App, Tsc2, and Ube2l6 (obesity caused by the ob or db mutation). Some of these genes have been shown to play a role in the regulation of the human glucose or lipid metabolism. Thus, dissection of the genetic basis of obesity and diabetes in mouse models can identify regulatory mechanisms that are relevant for the human disease.
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