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Faiad W, Soukkarieh C, Hanano A. 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin induces multigenerational testicular toxicity and biosynthetic disorder of testosterone in BALB/C mice: Transcriptional, histopathological and hormonal determinants. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 263:115233. [PMID: 37421896 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), a potent environmental contaminant, is an endocrine disrupter with a proven reproductive toxicity in mammals. However, its effects on male fertility across generations are still elusive. The current work evaluates the toxicity of dioxin on male reproductive system in two separate groups of BALB/C mice; a group of pubertal males directly exposed to TCDD (referred to as DEmG), and a group of indirectly exposed males (referred to as IDEmG) comprises of F1, F2 and F3 males born from TCDD-exposed pregnant females. Both groups were exposed to 25 μg TCDD/kg body weight for a week. Our data show that males of TCDD-DEmG exhibited significant alterations in the expression of certain genes involved in the detoxification of TCDD and the biosynthesis of testosterone. This was accompanied with testicular pathological symptoms, including a sloughing in the germinal epithelium and a congestion of blood vessels in interstitial tissue with the presence of multinuclear cells into seminiferous tubule, with a 4-fold decline in the level of serum testosterone and reduced sperm count. Otherwise, the male reproductive toxicity across F1, F2 and F3 generations from TCDD-IDEmG was mainly characterized by: i) a reduce in body and testis weight. ii) a decrease in gene expression of steriodogenesis enzyme, e.g., AhR, CYP1A1, CYP11A1, COX1, COX2, LOX5 and LOX12. iii) a remarked and similar testicular histopathology that found for DEmG, iv) a serious decline in serum testosterone. v) a decreased male-to-female ratio. vi) a low sperm count with increasing abnormalities. Thus, pubertal or maternal exposure to TCDD provokes multigenerational male reproductive toxicity in mice, ultimately affecting the spermatogenesis and suggesting that the hormonal alternation and sperm abnormality are the most marked effects of the indirect exposure of mammalian male to TCDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walaa Faiad
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Damascus, Damascus, Syria
| | - Chadi Soukkarieh
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Damascus, Damascus, Syria
| | - Abdulsamie Hanano
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Atomic Energy Commission of Syria (AECS), Damascus, Syria.
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Faiad W, Soukkarieh C, Murphy DJ, Hanano A. Effects of dioxins on animal spermatogenesis: A state-of-the-art review. FRONTIERS IN REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH 2022; 4:1009090. [PMID: 36339774 PMCID: PMC9634422 DOI: 10.3389/frph.2022.1009090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The male reproductive system is especially affected by dioxins, a group of persistent environmental pollutants, resulting in irreversible abnormalities including effects on sexual function and fertility in adult males and possibly on the development of male offspring. The reproductive toxicity caused by dioxins is mostly mediated by an aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). In animals, spermatogenesis is a highly sensitive and dynamic process that includes proliferation and maturation of germ cells. Spermatogenesis is subject to multiple endogenous and exogenous regulatory factors, including a wide range of environmental toxicants such as dioxins. This review discusses the toxicological effects of dioxins on spermatogenesis and their relevance to male infertility. After a detailed categorization of the environmental contaminants affecting the spermatogenesis, the exposure pathways and bioavailability of dioxins in animals was briefly reviewed. The effects of dioxins on spermatogenesis are then outlined in detail. The endocrine-disrupting effects of dioxins in animals and humans are discussed with a particular focus on their effects on the expression of spermatogenesis-related genes. Finally, the impacts of dioxins on the ratio of X and Y chromosomes, the status of serum sex hormones, the quality and fertility of sperm, and the transgenerational effects of dioxins on male reproduction are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walaa Faiad
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Damascus, Damascus, Syria
| | - Chadi Soukkarieh
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Damascus, Damascus, Syria
| | - Denis J. Murphy
- School of Applied Sciences, University of South Wales, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Abdulsamie Hanano
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Atomic Energy Commission of Syria (AECS), Damascus, Syria,Correspondence: Abdulsamie Hanano
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3
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Breton CV, Landon R, Kahn LG, Enlow MB, Peterson AK, Bastain T, Braun J, Comstock SS, Duarte CS, Hipwell A, Ji H, LaSalle JM, Miller RL, Musci R, Posner J, Schmidt R, Suglia SF, Tung I, Weisenberger D, Zhu Y, Fry R. Exploring the evidence for epigenetic regulation of environmental influences on child health across generations. Commun Biol 2021; 4:769. [PMID: 34158610 PMCID: PMC8219763 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02316-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental exposures, psychosocial stressors and nutrition are all potentially important influences that may impact health outcomes directly or via interactions with the genome or epigenome over generations. While there have been clear successes in large-scale human genetic studies in recent decades, there is still a substantial amount of missing heritability to be elucidated for complex childhood disorders. Mounting evidence, primarily in animals, suggests environmental exposures may generate or perpetuate altered health outcomes across one or more generations. One putative mechanism for these environmental health effects is via altered epigenetic regulation. This review highlights the current epidemiologic literature and supporting animal studies that describe intergenerational and transgenerational health effects of environmental exposures. Both maternal and paternal exposures and transmission patterns are considered, with attention paid to the attendant ethical, legal and social implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie V Breton
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Remy Landon
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Linda G Kahn
- Department of Pediatrics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michelle Bosquet Enlow
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alicia K Peterson
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Theresa Bastain
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joseph Braun
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Sarah S Comstock
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Cristiane S Duarte
- Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center and New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alison Hipwell
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Hong Ji
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Janine M LaSalle
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, MIND Institute, Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - Rashelle Musci
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jonathan Posner
- Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center and New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rebecca Schmidt
- Department of Public Health Sciences, UC Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - Irene Tung
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Daniel Weisenberger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yeyi Zhu
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Rebecca Fry
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Gileadi TE, Swamy AK, Hore Z, Horswell S, Ellegood J, Mohan C, Mizuno K, Lundebye AK, Giese KP, Stockinger B, Hogstrand C, Lerch JP, Fernandes C, Basson MA. Effects of Low-Dose Gestational TCDD Exposure on Behavior and on Hippocampal Neuron Morphology and Gene Expression in Mice. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2021; 129:57002. [PMID: 33956508 PMCID: PMC8101924 DOI: 10.1289/ehp7352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is a persistent and toxic environmental pollutant. Gestational exposure to TCDD has been linked to cognitive and motor deficits, and increased incidence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) traits in children. Most animal studies of these neurodevelopmental effects involve acute TCDD exposure, which does not model typical exposure in humans. OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to establish a dietary low-dose gestational TCDD exposure protocol and performed an initial characterization of the effects on offspring behavior, neurodevelopmental phenotypes, and gene expression. METHODS Throughout gestation, pregnant C57BL/6J mice were fed a diet containing a low dose of TCDD (9 ng TCDD/kg body weight per day) or a control diet. The offspring were tested in a battery of behavioral tests, and structural brain alterations were investigated by magnetic resonance imaging. The dendritic morphology of pyramidal neurons in the hippocampal Cornu Ammonis (CA)1 area was analyzed. RNA sequencing was performed on hippocampi of postnatal day 14 TCDD-exposed and control offspring. RESULTS TCDD-exposed females displayed subtle deficits in motor coordination and reversal learning. Volumetric difference between diet groups were observed in regions of the hippocampal formation, mammillary bodies, and cerebellum, alongside higher dendritic arborization of pyramidal neurons in the hippocampal CA1 region of TCDD-exposed females. RNA-seq analysis identified 405 differentially expressed genes in the hippocampus, enriched for genes with functions in regulation of microtubules, axon guidance, extracellular matrix, and genes regulated by SMAD3. DISCUSSION Exposure to 9 ng TCDD/kg body weight per day throughout gestation was sufficient to cause specific behavioral and structural brain phenotypes in offspring. Our data suggest that alterations in SMAD3-regulated microtubule polymerization in the developing postnatal hippocampus may lead to an abnormal morphology of neuronal dendrites that persists into adulthood. These findings show that environmental low-dose gestational exposure to TCDD can have significant, long-term impacts on brain development and function. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP7352.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talia E. Gileadi
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Abhyuday K. Swamy
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Zoe Hore
- Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Stuart Horswell
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Jacob Ellegood
- Mouse Imaging Centre (MICe), Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Conor Mohan
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Keiko Mizuno
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | | | - K. Peter Giese
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Jason P. Lerch
- Mouse Imaging Centre (MICe), Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Cathy Fernandes
- Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - M. Albert Basson
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King’s College London, London, UK
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King’s College London, London, UK
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Nøstbakken OJ, Rasinger JD, Hannisdal R, Sanden M, Frøyland L, Duinker A, Frantzen S, Dahl LM, Lundebye AK, Madsen L. Levels of omega 3 fatty acids, vitamin D, dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs in oily fish; a new perspective on the reporting of nutrient and contaminant data for risk-benefit assessments of oily seafood. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 147:106322. [PMID: 33348102 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Oily seafood is an important food source which contains several key nutrients beneficial for human health. On the other hand, oily seafood also contains persistent organic pollutants (POPs), including the dioxin-like compounds (DLCs) polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and dioxin-like-polychlorinated biphenyls (dl-PCBs), potentially detrimental to human health. For a comprehensive comparison of the beneficial and potentially adverse health effects of seafood consumption, risk-benefit analyses are necessary. Risk-benefit analyses require reliable quantitative data and sound knowledge of uncertainties and potential biases. Our dataset comprised more than 4000 analyses of DLCs and more than 1000 analyses each of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and vitamin D in the three most important Norwegian commercial oily seafood species: Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus), Atlantic mackerel (Scomber scombrus) and farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). The levels of several DLC congeners were below the limit of quantification (LOQ), making estimation of true levels challenging. We demonstrate that the use of upper bound substitution of censored data will overestimate, while lower bound substitution will underestimate the actual levels of DLCs. Therefore, we implement an alternative robust statistical method by combining Maximum Likelihood Estimation, Regression on Order Statistics and Kaplan-Meier analyses, which is better suited for providing estimations of levels of these contaminants in seafood. Moreover, we illustrate the impact of the toxic equivalency factor (TEF) system on estimation of the sums of DLCs by comparing the TEF system to an alternative system of relative effect potency (REP) factors (Consensus Toxicity Factors). The levels of nutrients and contaminants were related to adequate intake (AI) and tolerable weekly intake (TWI), respectively. We used AI and the TWI values established by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). The benefit and the risk were further viewed in the context of the Norwegian average intake of oily fish, and the Norwegian governmental official dietary recommendations of oily fish. Our results showed that both benefit and risk are met at the levels found of nutrients and DLCs in oily seafood. The comprehensive quantitative data presented here will be a key for future risk-benefit assessment of oily fish consumption. Together, our results underline that a refined formalized integrative risk-benefit assessment of oily fish in the diet is warranted, and that the data and methodology presented in this study are highly relevant for future integrated and multidisciplinary assessment of both risks and benefits of seafood consumption for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - R Hannisdal
- Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway
| | - M Sanden
- Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway
| | - L Frøyland
- Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway
| | - A Duinker
- Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway
| | - S Frantzen
- Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway
| | - L M Dahl
- Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - L Madsen
- Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway; Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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Wikoff DS, Urban JD, Ring C, Britt J, Fitch S, Budinsky R, Haws LC. Development of a Range of Plausible Noncancer Toxicity Values for 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin Based on Effects on Sperm Count: Application of Systematic Review Methods and Quantitative Integration of Dose Response Using Meta-Regression. Toxicol Sci 2021; 179:162-182. [PMID: 33306106 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfaa171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory agencies have derived noncancer toxicity values for 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin based on reduced sperm counts relying on single studies from a large body of evidence. Techniques such as meta-regression allow for greater use of the available data while simultaneously providing important information regarding the uncertainty associated with the underlying evidence base when conducting risk assessments. The objective herein was to apply systematic review methods and meta-regression to characterize the dose-response relationship of gestational exposure and epididymal sperm count. Twenty-three publications (20 animal studies consisting of 29 separate rat experimental data sets, and 3 epidemiology studies) met inclusion criteria. Risk of bias evaluation was performed to critically appraise study validity. Low to very low confidence precluded use of available epidemiological data as candidate studies for dose-response due to inconsistencies across the evidence base, high risk of bias, and general lack of biological coherence, including lack of clinical relevance and dose-response concordance. Experimental animal studies, which were found to have higher confidence following the structured assessment of confidence (eg, controlled exposure, biological consistency), were used as the basis of a meta-regression. Multiple models were fit; points of departure were identified and converted to human equivalent doses. The resulting reference dose estimates ranged from approximately 4 to 70 pg/kg/day, depending on model, benchmark response level, and study validity integration approach. This range of reference doses can be used either qualitatively or quantitatively to enhance understanding of human health risk estimates for dioxin-like compounds.
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Zhang T, Zhou X, Ren X, Zhang X, Wu J, Wang S, Wang Z. Animal Toxicology Studies on the Male Reproductive Effects of 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin: Data Analysis and Health Effects Evaluation. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:696106. [PMID: 34803904 PMCID: PMC8595279 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.696106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is a well-known environmental poison that exist in the environment for many years. However, its effect on the male reproductive system has not been clearly stated. We conducted a meta-analysis of the effect of TCDD on the male reproductive system of rodents about TCDD. Results showed that that TCDD exposure reduced the testis weight (weighted mean difference [WMD]: -0.035, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.046 to -0.025), sperm count (WMD: -35, 95% CI: -42.980 to -27.019), and blood testosterone concentration (WMD: -0.171, 95% CI: -0.269 to -0.073). According to our research results, TCDD can cause damage to the male reproductive system of rodents through direct or indirect exposure. In order to further explore the potential hazards of TCDD to humans, more human-related research needs to be carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongtong Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaohan Ren
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiajin Wu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shangqian Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Zengjun Wang, ; Shangqian Wang,
| | - Zengjun Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Urology, The First People’s Hospital of Xuzhou City, Xuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zengjun Wang, ; Shangqian Wang,
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The association between anogenital distance and benign prostatic hyperplasia related lower urinary tract symptoms in Chinese aging men. World J Urol 2020; 39:2645-2653. [PMID: 33141318 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-020-03511-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We conducted the study to investigate the relationship between anogenital distance (AGD) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) related lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). METHODS From May 2018 to January 2020, 220 subjects: 110 men with BPH-related LUTS (BPH-LUTS group) and 110 men without any urination complaints (control group) were selected. Clinical questionnaires, detailed physical examinations, including AGDas (distance between the anus and posterior base of the scrotum) and AGDap (distance between the anus and upper penis) measurements, and blood tests were all assessed. RESULTS The two groups were similar in terms of basic features (P > 0.05). The AGDap and AGDas in the control group were significantly shorter than the BPH-LUTS group (P < 0.001). Adjusted multivariate analyses showed that AGDas was significantly related to International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), post-voiding residual volume (PVR), total prostate volume (TPV) and maximum urine flow rate (Qmax) (P = 0.002, P = 0.009, P = 0.001, P = 0.028, respectively). However, the associations between AGDap and IPSS score, PVR, TPV, Qmax and total testosterone (TT) were all negligible (P > 0.05 for all). The associations between TT and BPH-LUTS related evaluations were also negligible (P > 0.05 for all). Furthermore, the study revealed that the AGDas cut-off values for mild, moderate, and severe symptom (based on IPSS score) in BPH-LUTS cases were 27.4 mm and 46.8 mm [area under curve (AUC): 0.802 and AUC: 0.779, respectively], respectively. CONCLUSION Longer AGDas was related to more severe BPH related symptoms. It may be useful to consider AGD as a marker for BPH-LUTS. Further well-designed studies are remained to be done to explore the intriguing problem.
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Hsu CN, Chan JYH, Yu HR, Lee WC, Wu KLH, Chang-Chien GP, Lin S, Hou CY, Tain YL. Targeting on Gut Microbiota-Derived Metabolite Trimethylamine to Protect Adult Male Rat Offspring against Hypertension Programmed by Combined Maternal High-Fructose Intake and Dioxin Exposure. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155488. [PMID: 32752013 PMCID: PMC7432895 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota-dependent metabolites, in particular trimethylamine (TMA), are linked to hypertension. Maternal 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) exposure or consumption of food high in fructose (HFR) can induce hypertension in adult offspring. We examined whether 3,3-maternal dimethyl-1-butanol (DMB, an inhibitor of TMA formation) therapy can protect adult offspring against hypertension arising from combined HFR and TCDD exposure. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats received regular chow or chow supplemented with fructose (60% diet by weight) throughout pregnancy and lactation. Additionally, the pregnant dams received TCDD (200 ng/kg BW orally) or a corn oil vehicle on days 14 and 21 of gestation, and days 7 and 14 after birth. Some mother rats received 1% DMB in their drinking water throughout pregnancy and lactation. Six groups of male offspring were studied (n = 8 for each group): regular chow (CV), high-fructose diet (HFR), regular diet+TCDD exposure (CT), HFR+TCDD exposure (HRT), high-fructose diet+DMB treatment (HRD), and HFR+TCDD+DMB treatment (HRTD). Our data showed that TCDD exacerbates HFR-induced elevation of blood pressure in male adult offspring, which was prevented by maternal DMB administration. We observed that different maternal insults induced distinct enterotypes in adult offspring. The beneficial effects of DMB are related to alterations of gut microbiota, the increase in nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, the balance of the renin-angiotensin system, and antagonization of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) signaling. Our findings cast new light on the role of early intervention targeting of the gut microbiota-dependent metabolite TMA, which may allow us to prevent the development of hypertension programmed by maternal excessive fructose intake and environmental dioxin exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Ning Hsu
- Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan;
- School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Julie Y. H. Chan
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (J.Y.H.C.); (K.L.H.W.)
| | - Hong-Ren Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan;
| | - Wei-Chia Lee
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan;
| | - Kay L. H. Wu
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (J.Y.H.C.); (K.L.H.W.)
| | - Guo-Ping Chang-Chien
- Center for Environmental Toxin and Emerging-Contaminant Research, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (G.-P.C.-C.); (S.L.)
- Super Micro Mass Research and Technology Center, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Sufan Lin
- Center for Environmental Toxin and Emerging-Contaminant Research, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (G.-P.C.-C.); (S.L.)
- Super Micro Mass Research and Technology Center, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yao Hou
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 811, Taiwan;
| | - You-Lin Tain
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (J.Y.H.C.); (K.L.H.W.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-975-056-995; Fax: +886-7733-8009
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Bircsak KM, Copes LT, King S, Prantner AM, Hwang WT, Gerton GL. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor mediates sex ratio distortion in the embryos sired by TCDD-exposed male mice. Reprod Toxicol 2020; 94:75-83. [PMID: 32335222 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2020.04.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Many reports describe an association between preconceptional paternal exposure to environmental chemicals, including the persistent organic pollutant 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) with an increased number of female offspring. We chronically treated wild-type C57BL/6 male mice with TCDD to investigate a role for the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) transcription factor. These mice had a 14 % lower male:female sex ratio than control mice, which was not observed in TCDD-treated Ahr knock out mice. AHR target genes Cyp1a1 and Ahrr were upregulated in the liver and testis of WT mice and Ahr expression was higher in the epididymis (2-fold) and liver (18-fold) than in whole testis tissue. The AHR protein was localized to round spermatids, elongating spermatids, and Leydig cells in the testis of WT mice. These studies demonstrate AHR involvement in the sex ratio distortion of TCDD-exposed males and the need for evaluating the molecular and genetic mechanism of this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin M Bircsak
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Research on Reproduction and Women's Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Latresa T Copes
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Research on Reproduction and Women's Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sara King
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Research on Reproduction and Women's Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Andrew M Prantner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Research on Reproduction and Women's Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Wei-Ting Hwang
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - George L Gerton
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Research on Reproduction and Women's Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.
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11
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Johnson KJ, Passage J, Lin H, Sriram S, Budinsky RA. Dioxin male rat reproductive toxicity mode of action and relative potency of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran characterized by fetal pituitary and testis transcriptome profiling. Reprod Toxicol 2020; 93:146-162. [PMID: 32109520 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2020.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Fetal rat exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) reduces epididymal sperm number involving altered pituitary-testicular hormonal signaling as the proposed mode-of-action (MOA). To evaluate this MOA and compare TCDD to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran (TCDF), an in utero rat exposure and study was conducted. Endpoints included congener tissue levels and transcriptomes of maternal liver and fetal liver, testis, and pituitary. Decreased gonadotropin subunit mRNAs levels (Lhb and Fshb) and enriched signaling pathways including GNRH Signaling and Calcium Signaling were observed in fetal pituitary after TCDD (but not TCDF) exposure. TCDD (but not TCDF) decreased fetal testis cholesterologenic and steroidogenic pathway genes. TCDD tissue concentrations in dam liver, dam adipose, and whole fetus were approximately 3- to 6-fold higher than TCDF. These results support a MOA for dioxin-induced rat male reproductive toxicity involving key events in both the fetal pituitary (e.g., reduced gonadotropin production) and fetal testis (e.g., reduced Leydig cell cholesterologenesis and steroidogenesis).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamin J Johnson
- Corteva Agriscience, 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, IN, 46268, USA.
| | - Julie Passage
- Corteva Agriscience, 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, IN, 46268, USA.
| | - Hui Lin
- The Dow Chemical Company, Washington Street, 1803 Building, Midland, MI, 48674, USA.
| | - Shreedharan Sriram
- Corteva Agriscience, 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, IN, 46268, USA.
| | - Robert A Budinsky
- The Dow Chemical Company, Washington Street, 1803 Building, Midland, MI, 48674, USA.
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12
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13
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Hale MD, Bertucci EM, Rainwater TR, Wilkinson PM, Parrott BB. The impact of maternally derived dioxins on embryonic development and hepatic AHR signaling in a long-lived apex predator. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 229:489-499. [PMID: 31096085 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.04.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Dioxins and related contaminants are highly pervasive in aquatic systems and elicit deleterious effects in exposed organisms. Because dioxins exhibit a proclivity to bioaccumulate, long-lived predatory species are particularly vulnerable to their persistence in the environment. We have previously reported elevated expression of CYP1A2, a biomarker of dioxin exposure, in American alligator embryos collected from the Tom Yawkey Wildlife Center (YWC). This coastal population inhabits a system with historical dioxin contamination associated with industrial activities. Herein, we utilize ecological attributes of the alligator to address the persistence of dioxins and furans in yolk and their potential to drive changes in hepatic function. Specifically, we assess variation in expression of AHR signaling components in embryos and its connection to contaminant levels in matched yolk samples. Compared to a reference population, TEQ levels and total penta-, hexa-, octa-substituted CDDs were elevated at YWC. Contrary to predictions, TEQ levels were not significantly related to hepatic AHR1B or CYP1A2 expression. However, a significant association was detected between expression of both factors and embryo:yolk mass ratios, wherein decreasing embryo mass was negatively associated with CYP1A2 but positively associated with AHR1B. These findings suggest that variation in embryonic metabolism and developmental progression likely influence AHR signaling and dioxin toxicity in alligators and potentially other oviparous species. While dioxin concentrations observed in alligators in this study are lower than historical values reported for other wildlife species inhabiting this system, they indicate the continued presence and possible long-term influence of these contaminants in a high trophic status species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Hale
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory Laboratory, Aiken, SC, USA; Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
| | - Emily M Bertucci
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory Laboratory, Aiken, SC, USA; Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Thomas R Rainwater
- Tom Yawkey Wildlife Center Heritage Preserve, South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, Georgetown, SC, USA; Belle W. Baruch Institute of Coastal Ecology and Forest Science, Clemson University, Georgetown, SC, USA
| | - Philip M Wilkinson
- Tom Yawkey Wildlife Center Heritage Preserve, South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, Georgetown, SC, USA
| | - Benjamin B Parrott
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory Laboratory, Aiken, SC, USA; Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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14
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Knutsen HK, Alexander J, Barregård L, Bignami M, Brüschweiler B, Ceccatelli S, Cottrill B, Dinovi M, Edler L, Grasl-Kraupp B, Hogstrand C, Nebbia CS, Oswald IP, Petersen A, Rose M, Roudot AC, Schwerdtle T, Vleminckx C, Vollmer G, Wallace H, Fürst P, Håkansson H, Halldorsson T, Lundebye AK, Pohjanvirta R, Rylander L, Smith A, van Loveren H, Waalkens-Berendsen I, Zeilmaker M, Binaglia M, Gómez Ruiz JÁ, Horváth Z, Christoph E, Ciccolallo L, Ramos Bordajandi L, Steinkellner H, Hoogenboom LR. Risk for animal and human health related to the presence of dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs in feed and food. EFSA J 2018; 16:e05333. [PMID: 32625737 PMCID: PMC7009407 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The European Commission asked EFSA for a scientific opinion on the risks for animal and human health related to the presence of dioxins (PCDD/Fs) and DL-PCBs in feed and food. The data from experimental animal and epidemiological studies were reviewed and it was decided to base the human risk assessment on effects observed in humans and to use animal data as supportive evidence. The critical effect was on semen quality, following pre- and postnatal exposure. The critical study showed a NOAEL of 7.0 pg WHO2005-TEQ/g fat in blood sampled at age 9 years based on PCDD/F-TEQs. No association was observed when including DL-PCB-TEQs. Using toxicokinetic modelling and taking into account the exposure from breastfeeding and a twofold higher intake during childhood, it was estimated that daily exposure in adolescents and adults should be below 0.25 pg TEQ/kg bw/day. The CONTAM Panel established a TWI of 2 pg TEQ/kg bw/week. With occurrence and consumption data from European countries, the mean and P95 intake of total TEQ by Adolescents, Adults, Elderly and Very Elderly varied between, respectively, 2.1 to 10.5, and 5.3 to 30.4 pg TEQ/kg bw/week, implying a considerable exceedance of the TWI. Toddlers and Other Children showed a higher exposure than older age groups, but this was accounted for when deriving the TWI. Exposure to PCDD/F-TEQ only was on average 2.4- and 2.7-fold lower for mean and P95 exposure than for total TEQ. PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs are transferred to milk and eggs, and accumulate in fatty tissues and liver. Transfer rates and bioconcentration factors were identified for various species. The CONTAM Panel was not able to identify reference values in most farm and companion animals with the exception of NOAELs for mink, chicken and some fish species. The estimated exposure from feed for these species does not imply a risk.
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15
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Hsu CN, Lin YJ, Lu PC, Tain YL. Maternal Resveratrol Therapy Protects Male Rat Offspring against Programmed Hypertension Induced by TCDD and Dexamethasone Exposures: Is It Relevant to Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor? Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082459. [PMID: 30127255 PMCID: PMC6121911 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension can originate from early-life adverse environmental in utero exposure to dexamethasone (DEX) or 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). Since DEX and TCDD are related to the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) signaling pathway, we examined whether resveratrol, an AHR modulator and antioxidant, could prevent programmed hypertension via regulating AHR signaling and oxidative stress. Groups of four-month-old male rat offspring were studied (n = 7⁻8 per group): control, DEX (0.1 mg/kg i.p. from a gestational age of 16 to 22 days), TCDD (200 ng/kg in four once-weekly oral doses), DEX + TCDD, and DEX + TCDD + R (resveratrol 0.05% in drinking water throughout pregnancy and lactation). Maternal TCDD exposure aggravated prenatal DEX-induced hypertension in adult male offspring, which maternal resveratrol therapy prevented. Maternal TCDD exposure aggravated DEX-induced oxidative damage in offspring kidneys, which was prevented by resveratrol therapy. Maternal resveratrol therapy decreased asymmetric and symmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA and SDMA) levels, thereby preventing combined DEX and TCDD exposure-induced programmed hypertension. Increases in renal Ahrr and Cyp1a1 expression induced by DEX + TCDD exposure were restored by resveratrol therapy. The beneficial effects of resveratrol on DEX + TCDD-induced hypertension relate to reduced renal mRNA expression of Ren, Ace, and Agtr1a expression. Thus, the beneficial effects of resveratrol on DEX + TCDD-induced hypertension include reduction of oxidative stress, restoration of nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, blockade of the renin⁻angiotensin system (RAS), and antagonizing AHR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Ning Hsu
- Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Ju Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan.
| | - Pei-Chen Lu
- Departments of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan.
| | - You-Lin Tain
- Departments of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan.
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan.
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16
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Hattori Y, Takeda T, Nakamura A, Nishida K, Shioji Y, Fukumitsu H, Yamada H, Ishii Y. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor is indispensable for dioxin-induced defects in sexually-dimorphic behaviors due to the reduction in fetal steroidogenesis of the pituitary-gonadal axis in rats. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 154:213-221. [PMID: 29753751 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Many forms of the toxic effects produced by dioxins and related chemicals take place following activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR). Our previous studies have demonstrated that treating pregnant rats with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), a highly toxic dioxin, attenuates the pituitary expression of gonadotropins to reduce testicular steroidogenesis during the fetal stage, resulting in the impairment of sexually-dimorphic behaviors after the offspring reach maturity. To investigate the contribution of AHR to these disorders, we examined the effects of TCDD on AHR-knockout (AHR-KO) Wistar rats. When pregnant AHR-heterozygous rats were given an oral dose of 1 µg/kg TCDD at gestational day (GD) 15, TCDD reduced the expression of pituitary gonadotropins and testicular steroidogenic proteins in male wild-type fetuses at GD20 without affecting body weight, sex ratio and litter size. However, the same defect did not occur in AHR-KO fetuses. Further, fetal exposure to TCDD impaired the activity of masculine sexual behavior after reaching adulthood only in the wild-type offspring. Also, in female offspring, not only the fetal gonadotropins production but also sexual dimorphism, such as saccharin preference, after growing up were suppressed by TCDD only in the wild-type. Interestingly, in the absence of TCDD, deleting AHR reduced masculine sexual behavior, as well as fetal steroidogenesis of the pituitary-gonadal axis. These results provide novel evidence that 1) AHR is required for TCDD-produced defects in sexually-dimorphic behaviors of the offspring, and 2) AHR signaling plays a role in gonadotropin synthesis during the developmental stage to acquire sexual dimorphism after reaching adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Hattori
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoki Takeda
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Arisa Nakamura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kyoko Nishida
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuko Shioji
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Haruki Fukumitsu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Yamada
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuji Ishii
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
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17
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Zhuang ZX, Chang SC, Chen CJ, Chan HL, Lin MJ, Liao HY, Cheng CY, Lin TY, Jea YS, Huang SY. Effect of Seasonal Change on Testicular Protein Expression in White Roman Geese. Anim Biotechnol 2018; 30:43-56. [PMID: 29426259 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2018.1432488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the change in protein expression in the testes of ganders at various breeding stages. A total of nine 3-year-old male White Roman ganders were used. The blood and testis samples were collected at the nonbreeding, sexual reactivation, and breeding stages for sex hormone analysis and proteomic analysis, respectively. The testicular weight and serum testosterone observed for ganders at the breeding stage were higher than those for ganders at nonbreeding and sexual reactivation stages (P < 0.05). There were 124 protein spots differentially expressed in the testes of ganders at various reproductive stages. A total of 107 protein spots of 74 proteins was identified through mass spectrometry. Most of the differentially expressed proteins were responsible for the molecular functions of protein binding (24%) and catalytic activity (16%). A functional pathway analysis suggested that proteins involved in steroidogenesis, metabolism, and spermatogenesis pathways changed in the White Roman geese at various reproductive stages. In conclusion, ganders at various reproductive stages exhibited different levels of testosterone and protein expression in the testes. The varied levels of the proteins might be essential and unique key factors in seasonal reproduction in ganders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Xuan Zhuang
- a Department of Animal Science , National Chung Hsing University , Taichung , Taiwan
| | - Shen-Chang Chang
- b Kaohsiung Animal Propagation Station , Livestock Research Institute, Council of Agriculture , Pingtung , Taiwan
| | - Chao-Jung Chen
- c Department of Medical Research, Proteomics Core Laboratory , China Medical University Hospital , Taichung , Taiwan.,d Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine , China Medical University , Taichung , Taiwan
| | - Hong-Lin Chan
- e Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology , National Tsing Hua University , Hsinchu , Taiwan.,f Department of Medical Sciences , National Tsing Hua University , Hsinchu , Taiwan
| | - Min-Jung Lin
- g Changhua Animal Propagation Station , Livestock Research Institute, Council of Agriculture , Changhua , Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yi Liao
- c Department of Medical Research, Proteomics Core Laboratory , China Medical University Hospital , Taichung , Taiwan
| | - Chuen-Yu Cheng
- a Department of Animal Science , National Chung Hsing University , Taichung , Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Yi Lin
- g Changhua Animal Propagation Station , Livestock Research Institute, Council of Agriculture , Changhua , Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shine Jea
- g Changhua Animal Propagation Station , Livestock Research Institute, Council of Agriculture , Changhua , Taiwan
| | - San-Yuan Huang
- a Department of Animal Science , National Chung Hsing University , Taichung , Taiwan.,h Agricultural Biotechnology Center , National Chung Hsing University , Taichung , Taiwan.,i Center for the Integrative and Evolutionary Galliformes Genomics, iEGG Center , National Chung Hsing University , Taichung , Taiwan.,j Research Center for Sustainable Energy and Nanotechnology , National Chung Hsing University , Taichung , Taiwan
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18
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Rico-Leo EM, Moreno-Marín N, González-Rico FJ, Barrasa E, Ortega-Ferrusola C, Martín-Muñoz P, Sánchez-Guardado LO, Llano E, Alvarez-Barrientos A, Infante-Campos A, Catalina-Fernández I, Hidalgo-Sánchez M, de Rooij DG, Pendás AM, Peña FJ, Merino JM, Fernández-Salguero PM. piRNA-associated proteins and retrotransposons are differentially expressed in murine testis and ovary of aryl hydrocarbon receptor deficient mice. Open Biol 2017; 6:rsob.160186. [PMID: 28003471 PMCID: PMC5204120 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.160186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies suggested that the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) contributes to mice reproduction and fertility. However, the mechanisms involved remain mostly unknown. Retrotransposon silencing by Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) is essential for germ cell maturation and, remarkably, AhR has been identified as a regulator of murine B1-SINE retrotransposons. Here, using littermate AhR+/+ and AhR−/− mice, we report that AhR regulates the general course of spermatogenesis and oogenesis by a mechanism likely to be associated with piRNA-associated proteins, piRNAs and retrotransposons. piRNA-associated proteins MVH and Miwi are upregulated in leptotene to pachytene spermatocytes with a more precocious timing in AhR−/− than in AhR+/+ testes. piRNAs and transcripts from B1-SINE, LINE-1 and IAP retrotransposons increased at these meiotic stages in AhR-null testes. Moreover, B1-SINE transcripts colocalize with MVH and Miwi in leptonema and pachynema spermatocytes. Unexpectedly, AhR−/− males have increased sperm counts, higher sperm functionality and enhanced fertility than AhR+/+ mice. In contrast, piRNA-associated proteins and B1-SINE and IAP-derived transcripts are reduced in adult AhR−/− ovaries. Accordingly, AhR-null female mice have lower numbers of follicles when compared with AhR+/+ mice. Thus, AhR deficiency differentially affects testis and ovary development possibly by a process involving piRNA-associated proteins, piRNAs and transposable elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva M Rico-Leo
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Nuria Moreno-Marín
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Francisco J González-Rico
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Eva Barrasa
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Cristina Ortega-Ferrusola
- Laboratorio de Reproducción y Espermatología Equina, Hospital Veterinario, Universidad de Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Patricia Martín-Muñoz
- Laboratorio de Reproducción y Espermatología Equina, Hospital Veterinario, Universidad de Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Luis O Sánchez-Guardado
- Departamento de Anatomía, Biología Celular y Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Elena Llano
- Departamento de Fisiología, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (CSIC-Universidad de Salamanca), Salamanca, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Matías Hidalgo-Sánchez
- Departamento de Anatomía, Biología Celular y Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Dirk G de Rooij
- Reproductive Biology Group, Division of Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Alberto M Pendás
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (CSIC-Universidad de Salamanca), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Fernando J Peña
- Laboratorio de Reproducción y Espermatología Equina, Hospital Veterinario, Universidad de Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Jaime M Merino
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Pedro M Fernández-Salguero
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
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19
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Mínguez-Alarcón L, Sergeyev O, Burns JS, Williams PL, Lee MM, Korrick SA, Smigulina L, Revich B, Hauser R. A Longitudinal Study of Peripubertal Serum Organochlorine Concentrations and Semen Parameters in Young Men: The Russian Children's Study. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2017; 125:460-466. [PMID: 27713107 PMCID: PMC5332179 DOI: 10.1289/ehp25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposures to endocrine-disrupting chemicals during critical phases of testicular development may be related to poorer semen parameters. However, few studies have assessed the association between childhood organochlorine (OC) exposure and adult semen parameters. OBJECTIVE We examined whether peripubertal serum OC concentrations are associated with semen parameters among young Russian men. METHODS From 2003 through 2005, 516 boys were enrolled at age 8-9 years and followed for up to 10 years. Serum OCs were measured in the enrollment samples using high-resolution mass spectrometry. At 18-19 years, 133 young men provided 1 or 2 semen samples (256 samples) collected approximately 1 week apart, which were analyzed for volume, sperm concentration, and motility. Unadjusted and adjusted linear mixed models were used to examine the associations of quartiles of lipid-standardized concentrations of dioxins [2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs)], furans, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and corresponding toxic equivalents (TEQs) with semen parameters. RESULTS The median (range) for TCDD was 2.9 (0.4-12.1) pg/g lipid and PCDD TEQ was 8.7 (1.0-36.0) pg TEQ/g lipid. Higher quartiles of TCDD and PCDD TEQs were associated with lower sperm concentration, total sperm count, and total motile sperm count (p-trends ≤ 0.05). The highest quartile of peripubertal serum TCDD concentrations was associated with a decrease (95% CI) of 40% (18, 66%), 29% (3, 64%), and 30% (2, 70%) in sperm concentration, total sperm count, and total motile sperm count, respectively, compared with the lowest quartile. Similar associations were observed for serum PCDD TEQs with semen parameters. Serum PCBs, furans, and total TEQs were not associated with semen parameters. CONCLUSION Higher peripubertal serum TCDD concentrations and PCDD TEQs were associated with poorer semen parameters. Citation: Mínguez-Alarcón L, Sergeyev O, Burns JS, Williams PL, Lee MM, Korrick SA, Smigulina L, Revich B, Hauser R. 2017. A longitudinal study of peripubertal serum organochlorine concentrations and semen parameters in young men: the Russian Children's Study. Environ Health Perspect 125:460-466; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/EHP25.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Mínguez-Alarcón
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Oleg Sergeyev
- Department of Genomics and Human Genetics Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Chapaevsk Medical Association, Chapaevsk, Samara Region, Russia
| | - Jane S. Burns
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Paige L. Williams
- Department of Biostatistics, and
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mary M. Lee
- Pediatric Endocrine Division, Departments of Pediatrics and Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Susan A. Korrick
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Boris Revich
- Institute for Forecasting, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Russ Hauser
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Regulations and Advisories. Toxicol Ind Health 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/074823370001600312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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21
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Sanabria M, Cucielo MS, Guerra MT, Dos Santos Borges C, Banzato TP, Perobelli JE, Leite GAA, Anselmo-Franci JA, De Grava Kempinas W. Sperm quality and fertility in rats after prenatal exposure to low doses of TCDD: A three-generation study. Reprod Toxicol 2016; 65:29-38. [PMID: 27352640 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2016.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) in male rats promotes, decreased sperm concentration, alterations in motility and in sperm transit time. We evaluated the effect transgenerational of in utero exposure to low doses TCDD in the sperm quality. Pregnant rats (F0) were exposed to 0.1; 0.5 and 1.0μg of TCDD, on gestational day 15, coincides with the end of most organogenesis in the fetus. Adult male offspring (F1, F2 and F3 generation) were investigated for fertility after artificial insemination in utero. After collection of the uterus and ovaries, the numbers of corpora lutea and implants were determined. TCDD provoked alterations in sperm morphology and diminution in serum testosterone levels and sperm transit time in the cauda epididymis. The fertility significantly decreased in all the generations, at least at one dose. In conclusion, TCDD exposure decreases rat sperm quality and fertility in adult male offspring and this effects persist into the next generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marciana Sanabria
- Laboratory of Reproductive and Developmental Biology and Toxicology, Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
| | - Maira Smaniotto Cucielo
- Laboratory of Reproductive and Developmental Biology and Toxicology, Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Marina Trevizan Guerra
- Laboratory of Reproductive and Developmental Biology and Toxicology, Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Cibele Dos Santos Borges
- Laboratory of Reproductive and Developmental Biology and Toxicology, Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Thais Petrochelli Banzato
- Laboratory of Reproductive and Developmental Biology and Toxicology, Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana Elaine Perobelli
- Laboratory of Reproductive and Developmental Biology and Toxicology, Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Adan Araújo Leite
- Laboratory of Reproductive and Developmental Biology and Toxicology, Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Janete Aparecida Anselmo-Franci
- Department of Morphology, Stomatology and Physiology, School of Dentistry, USP-University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wilma De Grava Kempinas
- Laboratory of Reproductive and Developmental Biology and Toxicology, Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
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22
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Evaluation of toxicological biomarkers in secreted proteins of HepG2 cells exposed to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and their expressions in the plasma of rats and incineration workers. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2016; 1864:584-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2016.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Weichenthal S, Van Rijswijk D, Kulka R, You H, Van Ryswyk K, Willey J, Dugandzic R, Sutcliffe R, Moulton J, Baike M, White L, Charland JP, Jessiman B. The impact of a landfill fire on ambient air quality in the north: A case study in Iqaluit, Canada. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2015; 142:46-50. [PMID: 26093783 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2015.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Revised: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A large landfill fire occurred in Iqaluit, Canada in spring/summer 2014. Air quality data were collected to characterize emissions as well as potential threats to public health. Criteria pollutants were monitored (PM2.5, O3, NO2) along with dioxins/furans, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and volatile organic compounds. Median daily dioxin/furan concentrations were 66-times higher during active burning (0.2 pg/m(3) Toxic Equivalency Quotient (TEQ)) compared to after the fire was extinguished (0.003 pg/m(3) TEQ). Other pollutants changed less dramatically. Our findings suggest that airborne concentrations of potentially harmful substances may be elevated during landfill fires even when criteria air pollutants remain largely unchanged.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ryan Kulka
- Water and Air Quality Bureau, Health Canada, Canada
| | - Hongyu You
- Water and Air Quality Bureau, Health Canada, Canada
| | | | - Jeff Willey
- Water and Air Quality Bureau, Health Canada, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | - Luc White
- Air Quality Research Division, Environmental Canada, Canada
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24
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van Esterik JCJ, Verharen HW, Hodemaekers HM, Gremmer ER, Nagarajah B, Kamstra JH, Dollé MET, Legler J, van der Ven LTM. Compound- and sex-specific effects on programming of energy and immune homeostasis in adult C57BL/6JxFVB mice after perinatal TCDD and PCB 153. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2015; 289:262-75. [PMID: 26415833 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2015.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2015] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Early life exposure to endocrine disrupting compounds has been linked to chronic diseases later in life, like obesity and related metabolic disorders. We exposed C57BL/6JxFVB hybrid mice to the aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and the constitutive androstane receptor/pregnane X receptor agonist polychlorinated biphenyl 153 (PCB 153) in an experimental design relevant for human exposure. Exposure occurred during gestation and lactation via maternal feed to a wide dose range (TCDD: 10-10,000 pg/kg body weight/day; PCB 153: 0.09-1406 μg/kg body weight/d). Then exposure was ceased and offspring were followed up to 1 year of age. Metabolic parameters like body weight, fat pad weights, glucose tolerance, endocrine serum profile, and neurobehavioral and immunological parameters were determined. Body weight was transiently affected by both compounds throughout the follow-up. TCDD-exposed males showed decreased fat pad and spleen weights and an increase in IL-4 production of splenic immune cells. In contrast, females showed increased fat pad weights and production of IFNγ. PCB 153-exposed males showed an increase in glucose, whereas females showed an increase in glucagon, a decrease in pancreas weight, and an increase in thymus weight. In conclusion, early life exposure to TCDD appears to affect programming of energy and immune homeostasis in offspring, whereas the effects of perinatal PCB 153 were mainly on programming of glucose homeostasis. Both compounds act sex-specifically. Lowest derived BMDLs (lower bounds of the (two sided) 90%-confidence interval for the benchmark dose) for both compounds are not lower than current tolerable daily intakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C J van Esterik
- Center for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), PO Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands; Department of Chemistry and Biology, Institute for Environmental Studies (IVM), VU University, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - H W Verharen
- Center for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), PO Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
| | - H M Hodemaekers
- Center for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), PO Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
| | - E R Gremmer
- Center for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), PO Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
| | - B Nagarajah
- Center for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), PO Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
| | - J H Kamstra
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Institute for Environmental Studies (IVM), VU University, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - M E T Dollé
- Center for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), PO Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
| | - J Legler
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Institute for Environmental Studies (IVM), VU University, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - L T M van der Ven
- Center for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), PO Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
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25
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Ruzzin J, Bethune C, Goksøyr A, Hylland K, Lee DH, Jacobs DR, Carpenter DO. Comment on "Contaminant levels in Norwegian farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in the 13-year period from 1999 to 2011" by Nøstbakken et al. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2015; 80:98-99. [PMID: 25601359 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2015.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Ruzzin
- Department of Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Anders Goksøyr
- Department of Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ketil Hylland
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Duk Hee Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - David R Jacobs
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, USA
| | - David O Carpenter
- Institute for Health and the Environment, University at Albany, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA
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27
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Hoogenboom R, Traag W, Fernandes A, Rose M. European developments following incidents with dioxins and PCBs in the food and feed chain. Food Control 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2014.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abstract
Endogenous hormones have effects on tissue morphology, cell physiology, and behaviors at low doses. In fact, hormones are known to circulate in the part-per-trillion and part-per-billion concentrations, making them highly effective and potent signaling molecules. Many endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) mimic hormones, yet there is strong debate over whether these chemicals can also have effects at low doses. In the 1990s, scientists proposed the "low-dose hypothesis," which postulated that EDCs affect humans and animals at environmentally relevant doses. This chapter focuses on data that support and refute the low-dose hypothesis. A case study examining the highly controversial example of bisphenol A and its low-dose effects on the prostate is examined through the lens of endocrinology. Finally, the chapter concludes with a discussion of factors that can influence the ability of a study to detect and interpret low-dose effects appropriately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura N Vandenberg
- Department of Public Health, Division of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts - Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA.
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29
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Takeda T, Fujii M, Hattori Y, Yamamoto M, Shimazoe T, Ishii Y, Himeno M, Yamada H. Maternal exposure to dioxin imprints sexual immaturity of the pups through fixing the status of the reduced expression of hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone. Mol Pharmacol 2013; 85:74-82. [PMID: 24132183 DOI: 10.1124/mol.113.088575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies have shown that treatment of pregnant rats with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD; 1 μg/kg) at gestational day (GD) 15 reduces the pituitary synthesis of luteinizing hormone (LH) during the late fetal and early postnatal period, leading to the imprinting of defects in sexual behaviors at adulthood. However, it remains unclear how the attenuation of pituitary LH is linked to sexual immaturity. To address this issue, we performed a DNA microarray analysis to identify the gene(s) responsible for dioxin-induced sexual immaturity on the pituitary and hypothalamus of male pups, born of TCDD-treated dams, at the age of postnatal day (PND) 70. Among the reduced genes, we focused on gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in the hypothalamus because of published evidence that it has a role in sexual behaviors. An attenuation by TCDD of GnRH expression emerged at PND4, and no subsequent return to the control level was seen. A change in neither DNA methylation nor histone acetylation accounted for the reduced expression of GnRH. Intracerebroventricular infusion of GnRH to the TCDD-exposed pups after reaching maturity restored the impairment of sexual behaviors. Supplying equine chorionic gonadotropin, an LH-mimicking hormone, to the TCDD-exposed fetuses at GD15 resulted in a recovery from the reduced expression of GnRH, as well as from the defects in sexual behavior. These results strongly suggest that maternal exposure to TCDD fixes the status of the lowered expression of GnRH in the offspring by reducing the LH-assisted steroidogenesis at the perinatal stage, and this mechanism imprints defects in sexual behaviors at adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Takeda
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (T.T., M.F., Y.H., T.S., Y.I., H.Y.); and Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University, Sasebo, Japan (M.Y., M.H.)
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30
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Reeuwijk NM, Talidda A, Malisch R, Kotz A, Tritscher A, Fiedler H, Zeilmaker MJ, Kooijman M, Wienk KJH, Traag WA, Hoogenboom RLAP. Dioxins (polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzo-furans) in traditional clay products used during pregnancy. CHEMOSPHERE 2013; 90:1678-85. [PMID: 23159200 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.09.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2012] [Revised: 06/27/2012] [Accepted: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Geophagy, the practice of consuming clay or soil, is encountered among pregnant women in Africa, Eastern Asia and Latin America, but also in Western societies. However, certain types of clay are known to contain high concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs). The aim of this study was to determine the PCDD/F contents of orally consumed clays purchased from Dutch and African markets. Congener patterns were compared with those of pooled human milk samples collected in eight African countries, to investigate a possible relationship with clay consumption. From the Dutch market thirteen clay products were examined, seven of African and six of Suriname origin. From seven African countries, twenty clay products were collected. All 33 clay products were screened with a cell-based bioassay and those showing a high response were analyzed by GC/HRMS. High PCDD/F concentrations were measured in three clay products from the Dutch market, ranging from 66 to 103 pg TEQ g(-1), whereas clay products from African countries were from 24 to 75 pg TEQ g(-1). Patterns and relatively high concentrations of PCDD/Fs in human milk samples from the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Côte d'Ivoire suggest a relationship with the consumption of contaminated clay. Frequent use of PCDD/F contaminated clay products during pregnancy may result in increased exposure of the mother and subsequently the developing fetus and new-born child. The use of these contaminated clays during pregnancy should be carefully considered or even discouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noortje M Reeuwijk
- Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority, 3540 AA Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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31
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Brokken LJS, Lundberg-Giwercman Y, Meyts ERD, Eberhard J, Ståhl O, Cohn-Cedermark G, Daugaard G, Arver S, Giwercman A. Association between polymorphisms in the aryl hydrocarbon receptor repressor gene and disseminated testicular germ cell cancer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2013; 4:4. [PMID: 23420531 PMCID: PMC3572423 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2013.00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the Western world, testicular germ cell cancer (TGCC) is the most common malignancy of young men. The malignant transformation of germ cells is thought to be caused by developmental and hormonal disturbances, probably related to environmental and lifestyle factors because of rapidly increasing incidence of TGCC in some countries. Additionally, there is a strong genetic component that affects susceptibility. However, genetic polymorphisms that have been identified so far only partially explain the risk of TGCC. Many of the persistent environmental pollutants act through the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR). AHR signaling pathway is known to interfere with reproductive hormone signaling, which is supposed to play a role in the pathogenesis and invasive progression of TGCC. The aim of the present study was to identify whether AHR-related polymorphisms were associated with risk as well as histological and clinical features of TGCC in 367 patients and 537 controls. Haplotype-tagging single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped in genes encoding AHR and AHR repressor (AHRR). Binary logistic regression was used to calculate the risk of TGCC, non-seminoma versus seminoma, and metastasis versus localized disease. Four SNPs in AHRR demonstrated a significant allele association with risk to develop metastases (rs2466287: OR = 0.43, 95% CI 0.21-0.90; rs2672725: OR = 0.49, 95% CI: 0.25-0.94; rs6879758: OR = 0.27, 95% CI: 0.08-0.92; rs6896163: OR = 0.34, 95% CI: 0.12-0.98). This finding supports the hypothesis that compounds acting through AHR may play a role in the invasive progression of TGCC, either directly or through modification of reproductive hormone action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon J. S. Brokken
- Department of Molecular Reproductive Medicine, Lund University Malmö, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Leon J. S. Brokken, Molecular Reproductive Medicine, Clinical Research Centre, Lund University, House 91, Floor 10, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, 20502 Malmö, Sweden. e-mail:
| | | | | | - Jakob Eberhard
- Department of Oncology, Skåne University HospitalLund, Sweden
| | - Olof Ståhl
- Department of Oncology, Skåne University HospitalLund, Sweden
| | - Gabriella Cohn-Cedermark
- Department of Oncology–Pathology, Radiumhemmet, Karolinska Institute and University HospitalStockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Stefan Arver
- Centre for Andrology and Sexual Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Department of MedicineStockholm, Sweden
| | - Aleksander Giwercman
- Department of Molecular Reproductive Medicine, Lund University Malmö, Sweden
- Reproductive Medicine Centre, Skåne University HospitalMalmö, Sweden
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Castaño-Vinyals G, Carrasco E, Lorente JA, Sabaté Y, Cirac-Claveras J, Pollán M, Kogevinas M. Anogenital distance and the risk of prostate cancer. BJU Int 2012; 110:E707-10. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.2012.11516.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Sirot V, Tard A, Venisseau A, Brosseaud A, Marchand P, Le Bizec B, Leblanc JC. Dietary exposure to polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, polychlorinated dibenzofurans and polychlorinated biphenyls of the French population: Results of the second French Total Diet Study. CHEMOSPHERE 2012; 88:492-500. [PMID: 22487562 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2011] [Revised: 02/02/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) bioaccumulate through the food chain and are therefore of public health concern. Exposure to these compounds was assessed in the second French Total Diet Study (TDS). Food samples (n=583) were collected to be representative of the whole diet of the population, prepared as consumed, and analyzed. Contamination data were combined with national individual food consumption data. Mean exposure (95th percentile) to PCDD/F+DL-PCBs was assessed to be 0.57 (1.29) pg TEQ(WHO-98) (kg bw)(-1) d(-1) in the adult population and 0.89 (2.02) pg TEQ(WHO-98) (kg bw)(-1) d(-1) in the child and teenager population. Less than 4% of the population exceeded the health-based guidance value for PCDD/F+DL-PCBs. Mean exposure (95th percentile) to the six indicator PCBs (PCB 28, 52, 101, 138, 153, 180) was estimated at 2.71 (7.90) ng (kg bw)(-1) d(-1) in the adult population and 3.77 (11.7) ng (kg bw)(-1) d(-1) in the child and teenager population. Only 2.6% of the adults [CI(95%): 1.9; 3.3] and 6.5% of the children and teenagers [5.2; 7.8] exceeded the health-based guidance value for total PCBs. These results show that the contamination levels in food and therefore the exposure of the general French population to PCDD/Fs and PCBs have declined (by a factor of 3.2 for PCDD/F+DL-PCBs and about three for total PCBs) since the last evaluation, which was conducted using another methodology in 2005 and 2007, and show the efficiency of the European risk management measures which came into force after these evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Véronique Sirot
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail), 27 avenue du Général Leclerc, F-94701 Maisons-Alfort, France
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Vandenberg LN, Colborn T, Hayes TB, Heindel JJ, Jacobs DR, Lee DH, Shioda T, Soto AM, vom Saal FS, Welshons WV, Zoeller RT, Myers JP. Hormones and endocrine-disrupting chemicals: low-dose effects and nonmonotonic dose responses. Endocr Rev 2012; 33:378-455. [PMID: 22419778 PMCID: PMC3365860 DOI: 10.1210/er.2011-1050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1986] [Impact Index Per Article: 165.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2011] [Accepted: 02/07/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
For decades, studies of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) have challenged traditional concepts in toxicology, in particular the dogma of "the dose makes the poison," because EDCs can have effects at low doses that are not predicted by effects at higher doses. Here, we review two major concepts in EDC studies: low dose and nonmonotonicity. Low-dose effects were defined by the National Toxicology Program as those that occur in the range of human exposures or effects observed at doses below those used for traditional toxicological studies. We review the mechanistic data for low-dose effects and use a weight-of-evidence approach to analyze five examples from the EDC literature. Additionally, we explore nonmonotonic dose-response curves, defined as a nonlinear relationship between dose and effect where the slope of the curve changes sign somewhere within the range of doses examined. We provide a detailed discussion of the mechanisms responsible for generating these phenomena, plus hundreds of examples from the cell culture, animal, and epidemiology literature. We illustrate that nonmonotonic responses and low-dose effects are remarkably common in studies of natural hormones and EDCs. Whether low doses of EDCs influence certain human disorders is no longer conjecture, because epidemiological studies show that environmental exposures to EDCs are associated with human diseases and disabilities. We conclude that when nonmonotonic dose-response curves occur, the effects of low doses cannot be predicted by the effects observed at high doses. Thus, fundamental changes in chemical testing and safety determination are needed to protect human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura N Vandenberg
- Tufts University, Center for Regenerative and Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, 200 Boston Avenue, Suite 4600, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA.
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Ge C, Ye J, Wang Q, Zhang C, Yang JM, Qian G. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons suppress meiosis in primordial germ cells via the AHR signaling pathway. Toxicol Lett 2012; 210:285-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2011] [Revised: 02/14/2012] [Accepted: 02/18/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Uemura H. [Associations of exposure to dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls with diabetes: based on epidemiological findings]. Nihon Eiseigaku Zasshi 2012; 67:363-374. [PMID: 22781010 DOI: 10.1265/jjh.67.363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are a group of chemical substances that have the common properties of resistance to biodegradation, wide-range transportation, high lipophilicity, bioaccumulation in fat, and biomagnification in the food chain. POPs are persistent in the environment worldwide and have potential adverse impacts on human health and the environment. Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are well known chemicals that are considered as POPs. The association between high-level exposure to dioxins and type 2 diabetes among U.S. Air Force veterans who had been exposed to Agent Orange contaminated with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) during the Vietnam War was reported in the late 1990s. This association has been supported by similar epidemiologic studies, whose subjects were exposed to high doses of dioxins in their places of work involving phenoxyacid herbicide production and spraying, and in the industrial accident in Seveso, Italy. Recently, low-level exposure to dioxins and PCBs has been reported to be linked to type 2 diabetes. Cross-sectional studies in the U.S. general population and Japanese general population showed that body burden levels of some dioxins and PCBs were strongly associated with the prevalence of type 2 diabetes. Very recently, following these cross-sectional studies, several prospective studies have suggested that low-level exposure to some PCBs predicted the future risk of type 2 diabetes in the general population. Environmental exposure to some dioxins and PCBs, which mainly accumulate in adipose tissue, may play a role in the development of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Uemura
- Department of Preventive Medicine, the University of Tokushima Graduate School, Japan.
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Fiorito F, Ciarcia R, Granato GE, Marfe G, Iovane V, Florio S, De Martino L, Pagnini U. 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin induced autophagy in a bovine kidney cell line. Toxicology 2011; 290:258-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2011.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2011] [Revised: 09/12/2011] [Accepted: 10/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Brunnberg S, Andersson P, Poellinger L, Hanberg A. The constitutively active Ah receptor (CA-AhR) mouse as a model for dioxin exposure - effects in reproductive organs. CHEMOSPHERE 2011; 85:1701-1706. [PMID: 22014662 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2011] [Revised: 08/25/2011] [Accepted: 09/22/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The dioxin/aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) mediates most toxic effects of dioxins. In utero/lactational exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) impairs fetal/neonatal development and the developing male reproductive tract are among the most sensitive tissues. TCDD causes antiestrogenic responses in rodent mammary gland and uterus and in human breast cancer cell lines in the presence of estrogen. Also, more recently an estrogen-like effect of TCDD/AhR has been suggested in the absence of estrogen. A transgenic mouse expressing a constitutively active AhR (CA-AhR) was developed as a model mimicking a situation of constant exposure to AhR agonists. Male and female reproductive tissues of CA-AhR mice were characterized for some of the effects commonly seen after dioxin exposure. Sexually mature CA-AhR female mice showed decreased uterus weight, while an uterotrophic assay in immature CA-AhR mice resulted in increased uterus weight. In immature mice, both TCDD-exposure and CA-AhR increased the expression of the estrogen receptor target gene Cathepsin D. When co-treated with 17β-estradiol no increase in Cathepsin D levels occurred in either TCDD-exposed or CA-AhR mice. In sexually mature male CA-AhR mice the weights of testis and ventral prostate were decreased and the epididymal sperm reserve was reduced. The results of the present study are in accordance with previous studies on dioxin-exposed rodents in that an activated AhR (here CA-AhR) leads to antiestrogenic effects in the presence of estrogen, but to estrogenic effects in the absence of estrogen. These results suggest the CA-AhR mouse model as a useful tool for studies of continuous low activity of the AhR from early development, resembling the human exposure situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Brunnberg
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Mangochi P. Endocrine distrupting chemicals and human health: the plausibility of research results on DDT and reproductive health. Malawi Med J 2011; 22:42-5. [PMID: 21614880 DOI: 10.4314/mmj.v22i2.58791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Foster WG, Maharaj-Briceño S, Cyr DG. Dioxin-induced changes in epididymal sperm count and spermatogenesis. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2011; 16:2893-905. [DOI: 10.1590/s1413-81232011000600027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2009] [Accepted: 12/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A single in utero exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) on gestation day 15 decreased epididymal sperm count in adult rats and thus was used to establish a tolerable daily intake for TCDD. However, several laboratories have been unable to replicate these findings. Moreover, conflicting reports of TCDD effects on daily sperm production suggest that spermatogenesis may not be as sensitive to the adverse effects of TCDD as previously thought. We performed a PubMed search using relevant search terms linking dioxin exposure with adverse effects on reproduction and spermatogenesis. Developmental exposure to TCDD is consistently linked with decreased cauda epididymal sperm counts in animal studies, although at higher dose levels than those used in some earlier studies. However, the evidence linking in utero TCDD exposure and spermatogenesis is not convincing. Animal studies provide clear evidence of an adverse effect of in utero TCDD exposure on epididymal sperm count but do not support the conclusion that spermatogenesis is adversely affected. The mechanisms underlying decreased epididymal sperm count are unknown; however, we postulate that epididymal function is the key target for the adverse effects of TCDD.
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Mocarelli P, Gerthoux PM, Needham LL, Patterson DG, Limonta G, Falbo R, Signorini S, Bertona M, Crespi C, Sarto C, Scott PK, Turner WE, Brambilla P. Perinatal exposure to low doses of dioxin can permanently impair human semen quality. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2011; 119:713-8. [PMID: 21262597 PMCID: PMC3094426 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1002134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2010] [Accepted: 12/13/2010] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent decades, young men in some industrialized areas have reportedly experienced a decrease in semen quality. OBJECTIVE We examined effects of perinatal dioxin exposure on sperm quality and reproductive hormones. METHODS We investigated sperm quality and hormone concentrations in 39 sons (mean age, 22.5 years) born between 1977 and 1984 to mothers exposed to dioxin after the accident in Seveso, Italy (1976), and 58 comparisons (mean age, 24.6 years) born to mothers exposed only to background dioxin. Maternal dioxin levels at conception were extrapolated from the concentrations measured in 1976 serum samples. RESULTS The 21 breast-fed sons whose exposed mothers had a median serum dioxin concentration as low as 19 ppt at conception had lower sperm concentration (36.3 vs. 86.3 million/mL; p = 0.002), total count (116.9 vs. 231.1; p = 0.02), progressive motility (35.8 vs. 44.2%; p = 0.03), and total motile count (38.7 vs. 98 million; p = 0.01) than did the 36 breast-fed comparisons. The 18 formula-fed exposed and the 22 formula-fed and 36 breast-fed comparisons (maternal dioxin background 10 ppt at conception) had no sperm-related differences. Follicle-stimulating hormone was higher in the breast-fed exposed group than in the breast-fed comparisons (4.1 vs. 2.63 IU/L; p = 0.03) or the formula-fed exposed (4.1 vs. 2.6 IU/L; p = 0.04), and inhibin B was lower (breast-fed exposed group, 70.2; breast-fed comparisons, 101.8 pg/mL, p = 0.01; formula-fed exposed, 99.9 pg/mL, p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS In utero and lactational exposure of children to relatively low dioxin doses can permanently reduce sperm quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Mocarelli
- University Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hospital of Desio, Monza Brianza, Italy.
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Bell DR, Clode S, Fan MQ, Fernandes A, Foster PMD, Jiang T, Loizou G, MacNicoll A, Miller BG, Rose M, Tran L, White S. Interpretation of studies on the developmental reproductive toxicology of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in male offspring. Food Chem Toxicol 2010; 48:1439-47. [PMID: 20388530 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2010.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2009] [Revised: 03/25/2010] [Accepted: 04/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
There have been several studies on the maternal administration of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and effects in the reproductive tract of male offspring, subsequent to risk assessments undertaken in 2001. This review compares the methodology and results to examine key methodological features, and consistency in reported outcomes. Maternal dosing at >0.8 microg TCDD/kg causes lethality and weight loss, and it is difficult to distinguish between direct and indirect effects of TCDD at these dose levels. Statistically significant effects of maternal doses of <1 microg TCDD/kg (i.e. the dose levels relevant for risk assessment) on prostate weight or epididymal sperm counts in offspring were reported in the minority of studies. The pharmacokinetics of TCDD differs considerably between acute and chronic dosing, and with dose level of TCDD. On the basis of body burden, TCDD had different potency at inducing adverse effects in the only comparison study between acute and chronic dosing. Understanding of the pharmacokinetics of TCDD and relationship to adverse effects in offspring is required. These analyses identify key features of TCDD developmental toxicity in male offspring, and identify data needs for future risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Bell
- School of Biology, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, UK.
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Foster WG, Maharaj-Briceño S, Cyr DG. Dioxin-induced changes in epididymal sperm count and spermatogenesis. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2010; 118:458-64. [PMID: 20368131 PMCID: PMC2854720 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.0901084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2009] [Accepted: 12/17/2009] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A single in utero exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) on gestation day 15 decreased epididymal sperm count in adult rats and thus was used to establish a tolerable daily intake for TCDD. However, several laboratories have been unable to replicate these findings. Moreover, conflicting reports of TCDD effects on daily sperm production suggest that spermatogenesis may not be as sensitive to the adverse effects of TCDD as previously thought. DATA SOURCES We performed a PubMed search using relevant search terms linking dioxin exposure with adverse effects on reproduction and spermatogenesis. DATA SYNTHESIS Developmental exposure to TCDD is consistently linked with decreased cauda epididymal sperm counts in animal studies, although at higher dose levels than those used in some earlier studies. However, the evidence linking in utero TCDD exposure and spermatogenesis is not convincing. CONCLUSIONS Animal studies provide clear evidence of an adverse effect of in utero TCDD exposure on epididymal sperm count but do not support the conclusion that spermatogenesis is adversely affected. The mechanisms underlying decreased epididymal sperm count are unknown; however, we postulate that epididymal function is the key target for the adverse effects of TCDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warren G Foster
- Reproductive Biology Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
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Jin MH, Hong CH, Lee HY, Kang HJ, Han SW. Toxic effects of lactational exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) on development of male reproductive system: involvement of antioxidants, oxidants, and p53 protein. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2010; 25:1-8. [PMID: 19085997 DOI: 10.1002/tox.20466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is a potent endocrine disruptor compound and induces multiple organ dysfunctions. The effect of TCDD exposure both in adults and in utero has been well established. However, little is known about the effects of TCDD acquired through mother's milk on the development of the male reproductive system. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects and mechanisms of TCDD from lactational exposure. TCDD (1 microg/kg) was administered to C57BL/6 mouse mothers for 4 days from the day of delivery. On postnatal day 30 (PND 30) and postnatal day 60 (PND 60), body weight, body length, and anogenital distance (AGD) of male offspring were measured. The weights of the testes and epididymides were also measured. Epididymides were used for sperm counts, and testes were used to measure the activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, GPX, GR), the parameters of oxidative stress (hydrogen peroxide, MDA), and testosterone. In addition, expression of p53 and the proapoptotic protein, Bax, were analyzed by Western blot. TCDD exposure decreased body weight, body length, and AGD in both PND 30 and PND 60 groups compared with the control group. The activity of all antioxidant enzymes at PND 60 was decreased after TCDD treatment. TCDD treatment decreased testicular testosterone levels in both the PND 30 and PND 60 groups. The expression of p53 and Bax were also upregulated by TCDD and did not return to normal levels by PND 60. These data suggest that TCDD affects development of male offspring when the mother is exposed to TCDD during lactation. In addition, oxidative stress is a major mediator of TCDD-induced adverse effects, and p53 may play an important role in this mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Hua Jin
- Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Scott HM, Mason JI, Sharpe RM. Steroidogenesis in the fetal testis and its susceptibility to disruption by exogenous compounds. Endocr Rev 2009; 30:883-925. [PMID: 19887492 DOI: 10.1210/er.2009-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Masculinization depends on adequate production of testosterone by the fetal testis within a specific "masculinization programming window." Disorders resulting from subtle deficiencies in this process are common in humans, and environmental exposures/lifestyle could contribute causally because common therapeutic and environmental compounds can affect steroidogenesis. This evidence derives mainly from rodent studies, but because there are major species differences in regulation of steroidogenesis in the fetal testis, this may not always be a guide to potential effects in the human. In addition to direct study of the effects of compounds on steroidogenesis, information also derives from study of masculinization disorders that result from mutations in genes in pathways regulating steroidogenesis. This review addresses this issue by critically reviewing the comparative timing of production and regulation of steroidogenesis in the fetal testis of humans and of rodents and its susceptibility to disruption; where there is limited information for the fetus, evidence from effects on steroidogenesis in the adult testis is considered. There are a number of fundamental regulatory differences between the human and rodent fetal testis, most notably in the importance of paracrine vs. endocrine drives during masculinization such that inactivating LH receptor mutations block masculinization in humans but not in rodents. Other large differences involve the steroidogenic response to estrogens and GnRH analogs and possibly phthalates, whereas for other compounds there may be differences in sensitivity to disruption (ketoconazole). This comparison identifies steroidogenic targets that are either vulnerable (mitochondrial cholesterol transport, CYP11A, CYP17) or not (cholesterol uptake) to chemical interference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley M Scott
- MRC Human Reproductive Sciences Unit, Centre for Reproductive Biology, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
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In utero and lactational exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) induces a reduction in epididymal and ejaculated sperm number in rhesus monkeys. Reprod Toxicol 2009; 28:495-502. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2009.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2009] [Revised: 07/14/2009] [Accepted: 08/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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47
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Health risk assessment procedures for endocrine disrupting compounds within different regulatory frameworks in the European Union. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2009; 55:111-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2009.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2009] [Revised: 05/26/2009] [Accepted: 05/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Dhanabalan S, Mathur P. Low dose of 2,3,7,8 tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin induces testicular oxidative stress in adult rats under the influence of corticosterone. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 61:415-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2008.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2008] [Revised: 10/16/2008] [Accepted: 10/16/2008] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Grote K, Hobler C, Andrade AJ, Grande SW, Gericke C, Talsness CE, Appel KE, Chahoud I. Sex differences in effects on sexual development in rat offspring after pre- and postnatal exposure to triphenyltin chloride. Toxicology 2009; 260:53-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2009.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2009] [Revised: 02/27/2009] [Accepted: 03/08/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Takeda T, Matsumoto Y, Koga T, Mutoh J, Nishimura Y, Shimazoe T, Ishii Y, Ishida T, Yamada H. Maternal Exposure to Dioxin Disrupts Gonadotropin Production in Fetal Rats and Imprints Defects in Sexual Behavior. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2009; 329:1091-9. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.109.151282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
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