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Yang C, Yan P, Wu X, Zhang W, Cui H, Zhang L, Xu Z, Peng S, Tang M, Wang Y, Chen L, Zou Y, Liu Y, Zhang M, Zhao X, Xiao J, Xiao C, Zhang L, Yao Y, Li J, Liu Z, Yang C, Jiang X, Zhang B. Associations of sleep with cardiometabolic risk factors and cardiovascular diseases: An umbrella review of observational and mendelian randomization studies. Sleep Med Rev 2024; 77:101965. [PMID: 39137553 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2024.101965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Two researchers independently assessed studies published up to February 5, 2023, across PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library, to investigate the associations of sleep traits with cardiometabolic risk factors, as well as with cardiovascular diseases. Fourteen systematic reviews consisting of 23 meta-analyses, and 11 Mendelian randomization (MR) studies were included in this study. Short sleep duration was associated with a higher risk of obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2D), hypertension, stroke, and coronary heart disease (CHD) in observational studies, while a causal role was only demonstrated in obesity, hypertension, and CHD by MR. Similarly, long sleep duration showed connections with a higher risk of obesity, T2D, hypertension, stroke, and CHD in observational studies, none was supported by MR analysis. Both observational and MR studies indicated heightened risks of hypertension, stroke, and CHD in relation to insomnia. Napping was linked to elevated risks of T2D and CHD in observational studies, with MR analysis confirming a causal role in T2D. Additionally, snoring was correlated with increased risks of stroke and CHD in both observational and MR studies. This work consolidates existing evidence on a causal relationship between sleep characteristics and cardiometabolic risk factors, as well as cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, and West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Peijing Yan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, and West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xueyao Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, and West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wenqiang Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, and West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Huijie Cui
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, and West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, and West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhengxing Xu
- School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Shanshan Peng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingshuang Tang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, and West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yutong Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, and West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, and West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yanqiu Zou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, and West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yunjie Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, and West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Clinical Research Center, Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xunying Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, and West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jinyu Xiao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, and West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chenghan Xiao
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Iatrical Polymer Material and Artificial Apparatus, School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuqin Yao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiayuan Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, and West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhenmi Liu
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunxia Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, and West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xia Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, and West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Ben Zhang
- Hainan General Hospital and Hainan Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China; West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Zhang Y, Ni Y, An H, Li L, Ren Y. Multidimensional plasma lipid composition and its causal association with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A Mendelian randomization study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2024; 34:2075-2084. [PMID: 38866614 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2024.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Recent research extends our knowledge of plasma lipid species, building on established links between serum lipid levels and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) risk. Identifying the causal roles of these lipid species is key to improving T2DM risk assessment. METHODS AND RESULTS This study employs Mendelian randomization (MR) to investigate the causal relationship between 179 lipid species across 13 lipid categories and T2DM. Summary-level data were sourced from genome-wide association studies. The primary analytical methods included the inverse variance weighted (IVW) approach and the Wald ratio, complemented by a series of sensitivity analyses to ensure the robustness of results. The IVW analysis reveals a significant causal association between elevated levels of ceramide (d40:2) (OR = 1.071, 95% CI 1.034-1.109, P = 1.36 × 10-4), sphingomyelin (d38:1) (OR = 1.052, 95% CI 1.028-1.077, P = 1.80 × 10-5), and triacylglycerol (56:8) (OR = 1.174, 95% CI 1.108-1.243, P = 4.65 × 10-8), and an increased risk of T2DM. Conversely, Wald ratio analysis indicates that higher levels of phosphatidylcholine (O-16:1_16:0) (OR = 0.928, 95% CI 0.892-0.966, P = 2.37 × 10-4), phosphatidylcholine (O-16:1_20:4) (OR = 0.932, 95% CI 0.897-0.967, P = 2.37 × 10-4), and phosphatidylcholine (O-18:2_20:4) (OR = 0.872, 95% CI 0.812-0.935, P = 1.24 × 10-4) are significantly associated with a reduced risk of T2DM. Furthermore, suggestive causal evidence for 22 additional lipid species was identified. CONCLUSIONS This MR study establishes a causal relationship between specific lipid classes in modulating the risk of T2DM. It offers new insights for risk assessment and potential therapeutic targets in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youqian Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei Province, China; Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yao Ni
- Department of Dermatovenereology, Chengdu Second People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Hui An
- Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei Province, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Yanrui Ren
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei Province, China.
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Liu K, Zhou D, Chen L, Hao S. Depression and type 2 diabetes risk: a Mendelian randomization study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1436411. [PMID: 39268231 PMCID: PMC11390465 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1436411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Extensive observational evidence has suggested an association between depression and type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, the causal relationships between these two diseases require further investigation. This study aimed to evaluate the bidirectional causal effect between two types of depression and T2D using two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR). Methods We applied two-step MR techniques, using single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as the genetic instruments for analysis. We utilized summary data from genome-wide association studies (GWASs) for major depression (MD), depressive status (frequency of depressed mood in the last two weeks), T2D, and other known T2D risk factors such as obesity, sedentary behavior (time spent watching television), and blood pressure. The analysis utilized inverse variance weighted (IVW), MR-Egger regression, weighted median, weighted mode, MR pleiotropy residual sum, and outlier methods to determine potential causal relationships. Results The study found that MD was positively associated with T2D, with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.26 (95% CI: 1.10-1.43, p = 5.6×10-4) using the IVW method and an OR of 1.21 (95% CI: 1.04-1.41, p = 0.01) using the weighted median method. Depressive status was also positively associated with T2D, with an OR of 2.26 (95% CI: 1.03-4.94, p = 0.04) and an OR of 3.62 (95% CI: 1.33-9.90, p = 0.01) using the IVW and weighted median methods, respectively. No causal effects of MD and depressive status on T2D risk factors were observed, and T2D did not influence these factors. Conclusion Our study demonstrates a causal relationship between depression and an increased risk of developing T2D, with both major depression and depressive status being positively associated with T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyuan Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhejiang Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Diyi Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhejiang Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lijun Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhejiang Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Sida Hao
- Department of Urology, Zhejiang Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Yang T, Yuan X, Gao W, Hu MJ, Lu MJ, Sun HS. Mendelian randomization did not support the causal effect of diabetes on aortic diseases. Intern Emerg Med 2024:10.1007/s11739-024-03727-z. [PMID: 39210233 DOI: 10.1007/s11739-024-03727-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Observational studies revealed paradoxically inverse associations between diabetes and aortic diseases (aortic aneurysm or aortic dissection), yet the causality remains to be determined. To investigate the causal associations between diabetes and aortic diseases using Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses. Summary-level data for exposures (type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, fasting glucose, fasting insulin, glycated hemoglobin) and outcomes (aortic dissection and aortic aneurysm) were obtained from public genome-wide association study data. The principal analysis was the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method. Sensitivity analyses were also carried out, including weighted median, MR-Egger, and multivariable MR methods. According to IVW results, type 1 diabetes (odds ratio [OR]: 0.99; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.93-1.07; P = 0.87), type 2 diabetes (OR: 0.97; 95% CI 0.77-1.20; P = 0.75), fasting glucose (OR: 1.16; 95% CI 0.48-2.84; P = 0.74), fasting insulin (OR: 2.75; 95% CI 0.53-14.26; P = 0.23), or glycated hemoglobin (OR: 0.33; 95% CI 0.09-1.17; P = 0.09) had no causal effect on aortic dissection. Similarly, type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, fasting glucose, fasting insulin, or glycated hemoglobin had no causal effect on aortic aneurysm. Sensitivity analyses revealed consistent results. MR-Egger method and funnel plot yielded no indication of directional pleiotropy. Diabetes had no causal associations with aortic dissection or aortic aneurysm. The observed inverse associations in previous cohort studies may be explained by confounding factors or reverse causation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Cardiovascular Institute and Fu Wai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, No. 167 North Lishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Xin Yuan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Cardiovascular Institute and Fu Wai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, No. 167 North Lishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Cardiovascular Institute and Fu Wai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, No. 167 North Lishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Meng-Jin Hu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Cardiovascular Institute and Fu Wai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, No. 167 North Lishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Min-Jie Lu
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cardiovascular Institute and Fu Wai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, No. 167 North Lishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China.
| | - Han-Song Sun
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Cardiovascular Institute and Fu Wai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, No. 167 North Lishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China.
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Lu Z, Hu Y, He H, Chen X, Ou Q, Liu Y, Xu T, Tu J, Li A, Lin B, Liu Q, Xi T, Wang W, Huang H, Xu D, Chen Z, Wang Z, Shan G. Associations of muscle mass, strength, and quality with diabetes and the mediating role of inflammation in two National surveys from China and the United states. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2024; 214:111783. [PMID: 39002932 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2024.111783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
AIMS The evidence for joint and independent associations of low muscle mass and low muscle strength with diabetes is limited and mixed. The study aimed to determine the associations of muscle parameters (muscle mass, strength, quality, and sarcopenia) and sarcopenia obesity with diabetes, and the previously unstudied mediating effect of inflammation. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 13,420 adults from the 2023 China National Health Survey (CNHS) and 5,380 adults from the 2011-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were included in this study. Muscle mass was determined using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) in the CNHS, and whole-body dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in the NHANES. Muscle strength was assessed using digital hand dynamometer. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to evaluate the associations of muscle parameters and sarcopenia obesity with diabetes. Inflammatory status was assessed using blood cell counts and two systemic inflammation indices (platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and system inflammation response index (SIRI)). Mediation analysis was conducted to examine inflammation's role in these associations. RESULTS Low muscle mass and strength were independently related to diabetes. Low muscle quality was associated with elevated diabetes risk. Sarcopenia has a stronger association with diabetes compared to low muscle strength alone or mass alone (CNHS, odds ratio (OR) = 1.93, 95 % confidence interval (CI):1.64-2.27; NHANES, OR = 3.80, 95 %CI:2.58-5.58). Participants with sarcopenia obesity exhibit a higher risk of diabetes than those with obesity or sarcopenia alone (CNHS, OR = 2.21, 95 %CI:1.72-2.84; NHANES, OR = 6.06, 95 %CI:3.64-10.08). Associations between muscle parameters and diabetes were partially mediated by inflammation (mediation proportion: 1.99 %-36.64 %, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Low muscle mass and muscle strength are independently or jointly associated with diabetes, and inflammation might be a potential mechanism underlying this association. Furthermore, the synergistic effects of sarcopenia and obesity could significantly increase diabetes risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiming Lu
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yaoda Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Huijing He
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Xingming Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiong Ou
- Sleep Center, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yawen Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Tan Xu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ji Tu
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Ang Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Binbin Lin
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Qihang Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Tianshu Xi
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Weihao Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Haibo Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Da Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Zhili Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Zichao Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Guangliang Shan
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Beijing, China; School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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Yuan S, Leffler D, Lebwohl B, Green PHR, Sun J, Carlsson S, Larsson SC, Ludvigsson JF. Coeliac disease and type 2 diabetes risk: a nationwide matched cohort and Mendelian randomisation study. Diabetologia 2024; 67:1630-1641. [PMID: 38772918 PMCID: PMC11343898 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-024-06175-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS While the association between coeliac disease and type 1 diabetes is well documented, the association of coeliac disease with type 2 diabetes risk remains undetermined. We conducted a nationwide cohort and Mendelian randomisation analysis to investigate this link. METHODS This nationwide matched cohort used data from the Swedish ESPRESSO cohort including 46,150 individuals with coeliac disease and 219,763 matched individuals in the comparator group selected from the general population, followed up from 1969 to 2021. Data from 9053 individuals with coeliac disease who underwent a second biopsy were used to examine the association between persistent villous atrophy and type 2 diabetes. Multivariable Cox regression was employed to estimate the associations. In Mendelian randomisation analysis, 37 independent genetic variants associated with clinically diagnosed coeliac disease at p<5×10-8 were used to proxy genetic liability to coeliac disease. Summary-level data for type 2 diabetes were obtained from the DIAGRAM consortium (80,154 cases) and the FinnGen study (42,593 cases). RESULTS Over a median 15.7 years' follow-up, there were 6132 (13.3%) and 30,138 (13.7%) incident cases of type 2 diabetes in people with coeliac disease and comparator individuals, respectively. Those with coeliac disease were not at increased risk of incident type 2 diabetes with an HR of 1.00 (95% CI 0.97, 1.03) compared with comparator individuals. Persistent villous atrophy was not associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes compared with mucosal healing among participants with coeliac disease (HR 1.02, 95% CI 0.90, 1.16). Genetic liability to coeliac disease was not associated with type 2 diabetes in DIAGRAM (OR 1.01, 95% CI 0.99, 1.03) or in FinnGen (OR 1.01, 95% CI 0.99-1.04). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Coeliac disease was not associated with type 2 diabetes risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Yuan
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Dan Leffler
- The Celiac Center at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Benjamin Lebwohl
- Department of Medicine, Celiac Disease Center at Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Peter H R Green
- Departments of Medicine and Surgical Pathology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jiangwei Sun
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sofia Carlsson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Susanna C Larsson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jonas F Ludvigsson
- Department of Medicine, Celiac Disease Center at Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Pediatrics, Orebro University Hospital, Orebro, Sweden
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Liu J, Richmond RC, Anderson EL, Bowden J, Barry CJS, Dashti HS, Daghlas IS, Lane JM, Kyle SD, Vetter C, Morrison CL, Jones SE, Wood AR, Frayling TM, Wright AK, Carr MJ, Anderson SG, Emsley RA, Ray DW, Weedon MN, Saxena R, Rutter MK, Lawlor DA. The role of accelerometer-derived sleep traits on glycated haemoglobin and glucose levels: a Mendelian randomization study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14962. [PMID: 38942746 PMCID: PMC11213880 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58007-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Self-reported shorter/longer sleep duration, insomnia, and evening preference are associated with hyperglycaemia in observational analyses, with similar observations in small studies using accelerometer-derived sleep traits. Mendelian randomization (MR) studies support an effect of self-reported insomnia, but not others, on glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c). To explore potential effects, we used MR methods to assess effects of accelerometer-derived sleep traits (duration, mid-point least active 5-h, mid-point most active 10-h, sleep fragmentation, and efficiency) on HbA1c/glucose in European adults from the UK Biobank (UKB) (n = 73,797) and the MAGIC consortium (n = 146,806). Cross-trait linkage disequilibrium score regression was applied to determine genetic correlations across accelerometer-derived, self-reported sleep traits, and HbA1c/glucose. We found no causal effect of any accelerometer-derived sleep trait on HbA1c or glucose. Similar MR results for self-reported sleep traits in the UKB sub-sample with accelerometer-derived measures suggested our results were not explained by selection bias. Phenotypic and genetic correlation analyses suggested complex relationships between self-reported and accelerometer-derived traits indicating that they may reflect different types of exposure. These findings suggested accelerometer-derived sleep traits do not affect HbA1c. Accelerometer-derived measures of sleep duration and quality might not simply be 'objective' measures of self-reported sleep duration and insomnia, but rather captured different sleep characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxi Liu
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, Oxford Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Rebecca C Richmond
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Emma L Anderson
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Division of Psychiatry, University College of London, London, UK
| | - Jack Bowden
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- College of Medicine and Health, The University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Ciarrah-Jane S Barry
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Hassan S Dashti
- Centre for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Iyas S Daghlas
- Centre for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jacqueline M Lane
- Centre for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Simon D Kyle
- Sir Jules Thorn Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Céline Vetter
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Claire L Morrison
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience and Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Samuel E Jones
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Uusimaa, Finland
| | - Andrew R Wood
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Timothy M Frayling
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Alison K Wright
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Matthew J Carr
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Greater Manchester Patient Safety Translational Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Simon G Anderson
- George Alleyne Chronic Disease Research Centre, Caribbean Institute of Health Research, University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Richard A Emsley
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - David W Ray
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, and Oxford Kavli Centre for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Health Biomedical Research Centre, and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Michael N Weedon
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Richa Saxena
- Centre for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martin K Rutter
- NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
- Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester, UK
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Deborah A Lawlor
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and The University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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8
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Qiao Q, Liang K, Wang C, Wang L, Yan F, Chen L, Hou X. J-shaped association of the triglyceride glucose-body mass index with new-onset diabetes. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13882. [PMID: 38880800 PMCID: PMC11180648 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64784-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The triglyceride glucose-body mass index (TyG-BMI) is a convenient and clinically significant indicator of insulin resistance. This study aims to investigate the correlation between TyG-BMI and the onset of new-onset diabetes and determine an optimal reflection point for TyG-BMI. An analysis was conducted on 1917 participants from the risk evaluation of cancers in Chinese diabetic individuals: a lONgitudinal (REACTION) study. Participants were categorized based on their TyG-BMI, and the relationship between TyG-BMI and the incidence of new-onset diabetes was explored through logistic regression models, smoothed curve fitting with restricted cubic spline, and a two-piecewise logistic regression model. The mean age of the participants was 57.60 ± 8.89 years, with 66.5% being females. The mean TyG-BMI was 223.3 ± 32.8. Ultimately, 137 individuals (7.1%) progressed to diabetes after three years. After adjusting for covariates, TyG-BMI exhibited a positive correlation with new-onset diabetes (odd ratios (OR) for each standard deviation increase = 1.330, 95% CI 1.110-1.595). The relationship between TyG-BMI and new-onset diabetes was non-linear, with a inflcetion point at 202.9. This study reveals a positive non-linear relationship between TyG-BMI and the risk of new-onset diabetes in Chinese middle-aged and elderly individuals. When TyG-BMI exceeds 202.9, there is a significantly heightened risk of new-onset diabetes. These findings offer valuable insights for preventing new-onset diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qincheng Qiao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China
- The First Clinical Medical College, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Liang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Province Medicine & Health, Jinan, People's Republic of China
- Jinan Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuan Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Province Medicine & Health, Jinan, People's Republic of China
- Jinan Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingshu Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Province Medicine & Health, Jinan, People's Republic of China
- Jinan Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Yan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Province Medicine & Health, Jinan, People's Republic of China
- Jinan Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China.
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Province Medicine & Health, Jinan, People's Republic of China.
- Jinan Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xinguo Hou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China.
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Province Medicine & Health, Jinan, People's Republic of China.
- Jinan Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, People's Republic of China.
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9
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Zhu M, Li Y, Wang W, Liu Y, Tong T, Liu Y. Development, validation and visualization of a web-based nomogram for predicting risk of new-onset diabetes after percutaneous coronary intervention. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13652. [PMID: 38871809 PMCID: PMC11176295 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64430-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Simple and practical tools for screening high-risk new-onset diabetes after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) (NODAP) are urgently needed to improve post-PCI prognosis. We aimed to evaluate the risk factors for NODAP and develop an online prediction tool using conventional variables based on a multicenter database. China evidence-based Chinese medicine database consisted of 249, 987 patients from 4 hospitals in mainland China. Patients ≥ 18 years with implanted coronary stents for acute coronary syndromes and did not have diabetes before PCI were enrolled in this study. According to the occurrence of new-onset diabetes mellitus after PCI, the patients were divided into NODAP and Non-NODAP. After least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression and logistic regression, the model features were selected and then the nomogram was developed and plotted. Model performance was evaluated by the receiver operating characteristic curve, calibration curve, Hosmer-Lemeshow test and decision curve analysis. The nomogram was also externally validated at a different hospital. Subsequently, we developed an online visualization tool and a corresponding risk stratification system to predict the risk of developing NODAP after PCI based on the model. A total of 2698 patients after PCI (1255 NODAP and 1443 non-NODAP) were included in the final analysis based on the multicenter database. Five predictors were identified after screening: fasting plasma glucose, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, hypertension, family history of diabetes and use of diuretics. And then we developed a web-based nomogram ( https://mr.cscps.com.cn/wscoringtool/index.html ) incorporating the above conventional factors for predicting patients at high risk for NODAP. The nomogram showed good discrimination, calibration and clinical utility and could accurately stratify patients into different NODAP risks. We developed a simple and practical web-based nomogram based on multicenter database to screen for NODAP risk, which can assist clinicians in accurately identifying patients at high risk of NODAP and developing post-PCI management strategies to improved patient prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Zhu
- National Clinical Research Center for TCM Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No.1 of Xiyuan Caochang, Haidian District, Beijing, 100091, China
- Cardiovascular Disease Group, China Center for Evidence-Based Medicine of TCM, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yiwen Li
- National Clinical Research Center for TCM Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No.1 of Xiyuan Caochang, Haidian District, Beijing, 100091, China
- Cardiovascular Disease Group, China Center for Evidence-Based Medicine of TCM, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Basic Research on Prevention and Treatment for Major Diseases, Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenting Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for TCM Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No.1 of Xiyuan Caochang, Haidian District, Beijing, 100091, China
- Cardiovascular Disease Group, China Center for Evidence-Based Medicine of TCM, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanfei Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for TCM Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No.1 of Xiyuan Caochang, Haidian District, Beijing, 100091, China
- Cardiovascular Disease Group, China Center for Evidence-Based Medicine of TCM, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- The Second Department of Geriatrics, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tiejun Tong
- Department of Mathematics, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Yue Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for TCM Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No.1 of Xiyuan Caochang, Haidian District, Beijing, 100091, China.
- Cardiovascular Disease Group, China Center for Evidence-Based Medicine of TCM, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
- The Second Department of Geriatrics, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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10
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Chiou JS, Lin YJ, Chang CYY, Liang WM, Liu TY, Yang JS, Chou CH, Lu HF, Chiu ML, Lin TH, Liao CC, Huang SM, Chou IC, Li TM, Huang PY, Chien TS, Chen HR, Tsai FJ. Menarche-a journey into womanhood: age at menarche and health-related outcomes in East Asians. Hum Reprod 2024; 39:1336-1350. [PMID: 38527428 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deae060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Are there associations of age at menarche (AAM) with health-related outcomes in East Asians? SUMMARY ANSWER AAM is associated with osteoporosis, Type 2 diabetes (T2D), glaucoma, and uterine fibroids, as demonstrated through observational studies, polygenic risk scores, genetic correlations, and Mendelian randomization (MR), with additional findings indicating a causal effect of BMI and T2D on earlier AAM. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Puberty timing is linked to adult disease risk, but research predominantly focuses on European populations, with limited studies in other groups. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION We performed an AAM genome-wide association study (GWAS) with 57 890 Han Taiwanese females and examined the association between AAM and 154 disease outcomes using the Taiwanese database. Additionally, we examined genetic correlations between AAM and 113 diseases and 67 phenotypes using Japanese GWAS summary statistics. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS We performed AAM GWAS and gene-based GWAS studies to obtain summary statistics and identify potential AAM-related genes. We applied phenotype, polygenic risk scores, and genetic correlation analyses of AAM to explore health-related outcomes, using multivariate regression and linkage disequilibrium score regression analyses. We also explored potential bidirectional causal relationships between AAM and related outcomes through univariable and multivariable MR analyses. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Fifteen lead single-nucleotide polymorphisms and 24 distinct genes were associated with AAM in Taiwan. AAM was genetically associated with later menarche and menopause, greater height, increased osteoporosis risk, but lower BMI, and reduced risks of T2D, glaucoma, and uterine fibroids in East Asians. Bidirectional MR analyses indicated that higher BMI/T2D causally leads to earlier AAM. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Our findings were specific to Han Taiwanese individuals, with genetic correlation analyses conducted in East Asians. Further research in other ethnic groups is necessary. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Our study provides insights into the genetic architecture of AAM and its health-related outcomes in East Asians, highlighting causal links between BMI/T2D and earlier AAM, which may suggest potential prevention strategies for early puberty. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) The work was supported by China Medical University, Taiwan (CMU110-S-17, CMU110-S-24, CMU110-MF-49, CMU111-SR-158, CMU111-MF-105, CMU111-MF-21, CMU111-S-35, CMU112-SR-30, and CMU112-MF-101), the China Medical University Hospital, Taiwan (DMR-111-062, DMR-111-153, DMR-112-042, DMR-113-038, and DMR-113-103), and the Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan (MOST 111-2314-B-039-063-MY3, MOST 111-2314-B-039-064-MY3, MOST 111-2410-H-039-002-MY3, and NSTC 112-2813-C-039-036-B). The funders had no influence on the data collection, analyses, or conclusions of the study. No conflict of interests to declare. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Shiun Chiou
- PhD Program for Health Science and Industry, College of Health Care, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Health Services Administration, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Ju Lin
- Genetic Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cherry Yin-Yi Chang
- Division of Minimal Invasive Endoscopy Surgery, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Miin Liang
- Department of Health Services Administration, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Yuan Liu
- Million-Person Precision Medicine Initiative, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jai-Sing Yang
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Hsing Chou
- PhD Program for Health Science and Industry, College of Health Care, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Health Services Administration, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Fang Lu
- Million-Person Precision Medicine Initiative, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Mu-Lin Chiu
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Hsu Lin
- Genetic Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Chu Liao
- Genetic Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Mei Huang
- Genetic Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - I-Ching Chou
- Department of Pediatrics, China Medical University Children's Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Te-Mao Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Peng-Yan Huang
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Shun Chien
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hou-Ren Chen
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Fuu-Jen Tsai
- Genetic Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, China Medical University Children's Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Division of Medical Genetics, China Medical University Children's Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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11
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Lei D, Zhang J, Zhu T, Zhang L, Man MQ. Interplay between diabetes mellitus and atopic dermatitis. Exp Dermatol 2024; 33:e15116. [PMID: 38886904 DOI: 10.1111/exd.15116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Inflammatory dermatoses such as atopic dermatitis (AD) have long been linked to the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus. Indeed, numerous studies show an increased risk of diabetes mellitus in individuals with AD although lower prevalence of diabetes mellitus is also observed in few studies. Though the underlying mechanisms accounting for the reciprocal influence between these two conditions are still unclear, the complex interplay between diabetes mellitus and AD is attributable, in part, to genetic and environmental factors, cytokines, epidermal dysfunction, as well as drugs used for the treatment of AD. Proper management of one condition can mitigate the other condition. In this review, we summarize the evidence of the interaction between diabetes mellitus and AD, and discuss the possible underlying mechanisms by which these two conditions influence each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyun Lei
- Department of Dermatology, Tianjin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiechen Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tingting Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Litao Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Tianjin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Mao-Qiang Man
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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12
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Memelink RG, Njemini R, de Bos Kuil MJJ, Wopereis S, de Vogel-van den Bosch J, Schoufour JD, Tieland M, Weijs PJM, Bautmans I. The effect of a combined lifestyle intervention with and without protein drink on inflammation in older adults with obesity and type 2 diabetes. Exp Gerontol 2024; 190:112410. [PMID: 38527636 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2024.112410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic low-grade inflammatory profile (CLIP) is one of the pathways involved in type 2 diabetes (T2D). Currently, there is limited evidence for ameliorating effects of combined lifestyle interventions on CLIP in type 2 diabetes. We investigated whether a 13-week combined lifestyle intervention, using hypocaloric diet and resistance exercise plus high-intensity interval training with or without consumption of a protein drink, affected CLIP in older adults with T2D. METHODS In this post-hoc analysis of the PROBE study 114 adults (≥55 years) with obesity and type 2 (pre-)diabetes had measurements of C-reactive protein (CRP), pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-6, tumor-necrosis-factor (TNF)-α, and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10, IL-1 receptor antagonist (RA), and soluble tumor-necrosis-factor receptor (sTNFR)1, adipokines leptin and adiponectin, and glycation biomarkers carboxymethyl-lysine (CML) and soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE) from fasting blood samples. A linear mixed model was used to evaluate change in inflammatory biomarkers after lifestyle intervention and effect of the protein drink. Linear regression analysis was performed with parameters of body composition (by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) and parameters of insulin resistance (by oral glucose tolerance test). RESULTS There were no significant differences in CLIP responses between the protein and the control groups. For all participants combined, IL-1RA, leptin and adiponectin decreased after 13 weeks (p = 0.002, p < 0.001 and p < 0.001), while ratios TNF-α/IL-10 and TNF-α/IL-1RA increased (p = 0.003 and p = 0.035). CRP increased by 12 % in participants with low to average CLIP (pre 1.91 ± 0.39 mg/L, post 2.13 ± 1.16 mg/L, p = 0.006) and decreased by 36 % in those with high CLIP (pre 5.14 mg/L ± 1.20, post 3.30 ± 2.29 mg/L, p < 0.001). Change in leptin and IL-1RA was positively associated with change in fat mass (β = 0.133, p < 0.001; β = 0.017, p < 0.001) and insulin resistance (β = 0.095, p = 0.024; β = 0.020, p = 0.001). Change in lean mass was not associated with any of the biomarkers. CONCLUSION 13 weeks of combined lifestyle intervention, either with or without protein drink, reduced circulating adipokines and anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-1RA, and increased inflammatory ratios TNF-α/IL-10 and TNF-α/IL-1RA in older adults with obesity and T2D. Effect on CLIP was inversely related to baseline inflammatory status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert G Memelink
- Faculty of Sports and Nutrition, Center of Expertise Urban Vitality, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences (AUAS), 1067 SM Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Movement Sciences research institute, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Gerontology Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Rose Njemini
- Frailty & Resilience in Ageing (FRIA) research department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Minse J J de Bos Kuil
- Faculty of Sports and Nutrition, Center of Expertise Urban Vitality, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences (AUAS), 1067 SM Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Suzan Wopereis
- Research group Microbiology & Systems Biology, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 2333 BE Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Josje D Schoufour
- Faculty of Sports and Nutrition, Center of Expertise Urban Vitality, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences (AUAS), 1067 SM Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Michael Tieland
- Faculty of Sports and Nutrition, Center of Expertise Urban Vitality, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences (AUAS), 1067 SM Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Peter J M Weijs
- Faculty of Sports and Nutrition, Center of Expertise Urban Vitality, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences (AUAS), 1067 SM Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Movement Sciences research institute, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, VU University, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ivan Bautmans
- Gerontology Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; Frailty & Resilience in Ageing (FRIA) research department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; Department of Geriatrics, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; SOMT University of Physiotherapy, 3821 BN Amersfoort, the Netherlands
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13
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Sun W, Wang Y, Li C, Yao X, Wu X, He A, Zhao B, Huang X, Song H. Genetically predicted high serum sex hormone-binding globulin levels are associated with lower ischemic stroke risk: A sex-stratified Mendelian randomization study. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2024; 33:107686. [PMID: 38522757 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2024.107686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cross-sectional and cohort studies have found insufficient evidence of a causal relationship between sex hormone-binding globulin and ischemic stroke, only associations. Here, we performed a sex-stratified, bidirectional, two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis to evaluate whether a causal relationship exists between sex hormone-binding globulin and ischemic stroke. METHODS Single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with sex hormone-binding globulin and ischemic stroke were screened from genome-wide association studies summary data as instrumental variables to enable a bidirectional, two-sample Mendelian randomization study design. Inverse-variance weighted analysis was used as the main method to evaluate potential causality, and additional methods, including the weighted median and MR-Egger tests, were used to validate the Mendelian randomization results. Cochran's Q statistic, MR-Egger intercept test, and Mendelian Randomization-Pleiotropy Residual Sum and Outlier global test were used as sensitivity analysis techniques to assure the reliability of the results. Multivariable analysis was used to show the robustness of the results with key theorized confounders. RESULTS Inverse-variance weighted analysis showed that genetically predicted higher serum sex hormone-binding globulin levels were associated with significantly decreased risk of ischemic stroke in males (odds radio = 0.934, 95 % confidence interval = 0.885-0.985, P = 0.012) and females (odds radio = 0.924, 95 % confidence interval = 0.868-0.983, P = 0.013). In an analysis of ischemic stroke subtypes, genetically predicted higher serum sex hormone-binding globulin levels were also associated with significantly decreased risk of small-vessel occlusion in both males (odds radio = 0.849, 95 % confidence interval = 0.759-0.949, P = 0.004) and females (odds radio = 0.829, 95 % confidence interval = 0.724-0.949, P = 0.006). The association remained in sensitivity analyses and multivariable analyses. The reverse analysis suggested an association between genetically predicted risk of cardioembolism and increased serum sex hormone-binding globulin in females (Beta = 0.029 nmol/L, Standard Error = 0.010, P = 0.003). CONCLUSION Our findings provide new insight into the etiology of ischemic stroke and suggest that modulating serum sex hormone-binding globulin may be a therapeutic strategy to protect against ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Sun
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Cancan Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xuefan Yao
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Xiao Wu
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Aini He
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Benke Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Xiaoqin Huang
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Haiqing Song
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China.
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14
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Zeng C, Liu H, Wang Z, Li J. Novel insights into the complex interplay of immune dysregulation and inflammatory biomarkers in preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction: A two-step Mendelian randomization analysis. J Transl Autoimmun 2024; 8:100226. [PMID: 38225945 PMCID: PMC10788291 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtauto.2023.100226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The relationship between genetic immune dysregulation and the occurrence of preeclampsia (PE) or PE with fetal growth restriction (PE with FGR) has yielded inconsistent findings, and the underlying mediators of this association remain elusive. We aimed to explore the causal impact of genetic immune dysregulation on the risk of PE or PE with FGR and to elucidate the role of specific transcriptomes in mediating this relationship. Methods A two-step Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was performed to explore the link between immune dysregulation and PE or PE with FGR, as well as to identify potential inflammatory biomarkers that act as mediators. GWAS summary data for outcomes were obtained from the FinnGen dataset. The analyses encompassed five systemic immune-associated diseases, four chronic genital inflammatory diseases, and thirty-one inflammatory biomarkers. Summary-data-based MR (SMR) and HEIDI analysis were conducted to test whether the effect size of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on outcomes was mediated by the expression of immune-associated genes. Results The primary univariable analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), type 1 diabetes (T1D), type 2 diabetes (T2D), and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with the risk of PE or PE with FGR. Surprisingly, a counterintuitive finding showed a significant negative association between endometriosis of pelvic peritoneum (EMoP) and the risk of PE with FGR. None of the inflammatory factors had a causal relationship with PE or PE with FGR. However, there was a significant association between lymphocyte count and the risk of PE with FGR. Within the lymphocyte subset, both the proportion of Natural Killer (NK) cells and absolute counts of naïve CD4+ T cells demonstrated significant effects on the risk of PE with FGR. Two-step MR analysis underscored the genetically predicted lymphocyte count as a significant mediator between T1D and PE with FGR. Additionally, SMR analysis indicated the potential involvement of SH2B3 in the occurrence of PE with FGR. Conclusions Our findings provided substantial evidence of the underlying causal relationship between immune dysregulation and PE or PE with FGR and some of these diseases proved to accelerate immune cells disorders and then contribute to the risk of incident PE or PE with FGR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chumei Zeng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Huiying Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Zilian Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Jingting Li
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
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15
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Abar L, Zuber V, Otto GW, Tzoulaki I, Dehghan A. Unravelling genetic architecture of circulatory amino acid levels, and their effect on risk of complex disorders. NAR Genom Bioinform 2024; 6:lqae046. [PMID: 38711861 PMCID: PMC11071119 DOI: 10.1093/nargab/lqae046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Variations in serum amino acid levels are linked to a multitude of complex disorders. We report the largest genome-wide association study (GWAS) on nine serum amino acids in the UK Biobank participants (117 944, European descent). We identified 34 genomic loci for circulatory levels of alanine, 48 loci for glutamine, 44 loci for glycine, 16 loci for histidine, 11 loci for isoleucine, 19 loci for leucine, 9 loci for phenylalanine, 32 loci for tyrosine and 20 loci for valine. Our gene-based analysis mapped 46-293 genes associated with serum amino acids, including MIP, GLS2, SLC gene family, GCKR, LMO1, CPS1 and COBLL1.The gene-property analysis across 30 tissues highlighted enriched expression of the identified genes in liver tissues for all studied amino acids, except for isoleucine and valine, in muscle tissues for serum alanine and glycine, in adrenal gland tissues for serum isoleucine and leucine, and in pancreatic tissues for serum phenylalanine. Mendelian randomization (MR) phenome-wide association study analysis and subsequent two-sample MR analysis provided evidence that every standard deviation increase in valine is associated with 35% higher risk of type 2 diabetes and elevated levels of serum alanine and branched-chain amino acids with higher levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein, and lower levels of high-density lipoprotein. In contrast to reports by observational studies, MR analysis did not support a causal association between studied amino acids and coronary artery disease, Alzheimer's disease, breast cancer or prostate cancer. In conclusion, we explored the genetic architecture of serum amino acids and provided evidence supporting a causal role of amino acids in cardiometabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Abar
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, St Mary’s Campus, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK
| | - Verena Zuber
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, St Mary’s Campus, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK
| | - Georg W Otto
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, St Mary’s Campus, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK
| | - Ioanna Tzoulaki
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, St Mary’s Campus, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK
- Centre for Systems Biology, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece
- BHF Centre of Excellence, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Abbas Dehghan
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, St Mary’s Campus, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK
- BHF Centre of Excellence, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, UK
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16
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Sun H, Zhong Y, Liao L, Wu J, Xu H, Ma J. Obesity and hypertension mediate the effect of education on deep intracerebral hemorrhage: A Mendelian randomization study. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2024; 33:107758. [PMID: 38710461 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2024.107758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Educational attainment (EA) as a stable indicator of socioeconomic status has been confirmed to affect intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), but the mechanism relating EA and ICH is still unknown. AIM To explore the causal relationship between EA and ICH through a bidirectional and two-step Mendelian randomization (MR) study. METHODS Using summary-level Genome-wide Association Study using GWAS data FROM CASES AND CONTROLS of European ancestry, we performed bidirectional and two-step MR analyses to explore the causal relationship between educational attainment and ICH to understand the mediating influence of risk factors in this process. We also carried out subgroup analysis according to the different sites (deep and lobar) of ICH. A set of sensitivity analyses were performed to test valid MR assumptions. RESULTS Bidirectional MR analysis consistently demonstrated a unidirectional causal effect, revealing that higher EA had a protective influence on ICH. Each additional 1-standard deviation (SD) increase in genetically predicted years of schooling was associated with a reduced risk of all ICH (inverse variance weighted (IVW) OR: 0.381 [95 %CI: 0.264-0.549]), deep ICH (OR: 0.334 [95 %CI: 0.216-0.517]), and lobar ICH (OR: 0.422 [95 %CI: 0.261-0.682]). The mediating effect of EA on all ICH was mediated via systolic blood pressure (SBP) (6.93 % [1.20-13.45 %]) and body mass index (BMI) (17.87 % [3.92-34.64 %]), and the mediating effect of EA on deep ICH was also mediated via SBP (7.85 % [1.55-15.07 %]) and BMI (18.63 % [4.02-36.26 %]). CONCLUSION This study provides robust genetic evidence for supporting the protective effect of EA on ICH risk, with further evidence that the effect of EA on deep ICH is partially mediated through hypertension and obesity. Further validation is needed to ascertain whether these findings are applicable to other racial or general population groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Sun
- Neurointensive Care Unit, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, PR China
| | - Yuan Zhong
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, PR China
| | - Lixian Liao
- Intensive Care Unit, Huizhou Third People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Huizhou, PR China
| | - Jujiang Wu
- Neurointensive Care Unit, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, PR China
| | - Hongwu Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, PR China
| | - Junqiang Ma
- Neurointensive Care Unit, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, PR China; Department of Population Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, PR China.
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17
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Lampousi AM, Lundberg T, Löfvenborg JE, Carlsson S. Vitamins C, E, and β-Carotene and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Adv Nutr 2024; 15:100211. [PMID: 38493875 PMCID: PMC11002795 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to assess the relationship between the common dietary antioxidants vitamin C, vitamin E, and β-carotene and type 2 diabetes (T2D) and related traits. MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched for relevant publications up until May 2023. Studies were eligible if they had a cohort, case-control, or randomized controlled trial (RCT) design and examined dietary intake, supplementation, or circulating levels of these antioxidants as exposure, and insulin resistance, β-cell function, or T2D incidence as outcomes. Summary relative risks (RR) or mean differences (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using random-effects models. The certainty of the evidence was assessed with the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations framework. Among 6190 screened records, 25 prospective observational studies and 15 RCTs were eligible. Inverse associations were found between dietary and circulating antioxidants and T2D (observational studies). The lowest risk was seen at intakes of 70 mg/d of vitamin C (RR: 0.76; CI: 0.61, 0.95), 12 mg/d of vitamin E (RR: 0.72; CI: 0.61, 0.86), and 4 mg/d of β-carotene (RR: 0.78; CI: 0.65, 0.94). Supplementation with vitamin E (RR: 1.01; CI: 0.93, 1.10) or β-carotene (RR: 0.98; CI: 0.90, 1.07) did not have a protective effect on T2D (RCTs), and data on vitamin C supplementation was limited. Regarding insulin resistance, higher dietary vitamin C (RR: 0.85; CI: 0.74, 0.98) and vitamin E supplementation (MD: -0.35; CI: -0.65, -0.06) were associated with a reduced risk. The certainty of evidence was high for the associations between T2D and dietary vitamin E and β-carotene, and low to moderate for other associations. In conclusion, moderate intakes of vitamins C, E, and β-carotene may lower risk of T2D by reducing insulin resistance. Lack of protection with supplementation in RCTs suggests that adequate rather than high intakes may play a role in T2D prevention. This systematic review and meta-analysis was registered in PROSPERO with registration number CRD42022343482.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Maria Lampousi
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Therese Lundberg
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Josefin E Löfvenborg
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Risk and Benefit Assessment, Swedish Food Agency, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sofia Carlsson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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18
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Pereira LMC, de Souza MFC, Aidar FJ, Getirana-Mota M, dos Santos-Junior AM, Filho MFDDS, Almeida-Santos MA, Rocha RMS, de Almeida RR, Baumworcel L, Costa LHSDM, Mendes RR, Sousa ACS. Wrist Circumference Cutoff Points for Determining Excess Weight Levels and Predicting Cardiometabolic Risk in Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:549. [PMID: 38791764 PMCID: PMC11120788 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21050549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
(1) Background: An elevated wrist circumference may indicate excess weight and cardiometabolic risk. The present study aims to identify wrist circumference cutoff points (WrC) to determine excess weight levels and predict cardiometabolic risk in adults. (2) Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with adults aged 20 to 59 years old, attending the outpatient clinic at University Hospital/Federal University of Sergipe HU/UFS-EBSERH. Demographic, anthropometric, biochemical, and blood pressure (BP) data were collected. Cardiometabolic risk was assessed, according to the global risk score (ERG) and Framingham score criteria. The descriptive analysis included calculating medians and frequencies of anthropometric, demographic, biochemical, and blood pressure variables. The gender and age of adult groups were compared using the Mann-Whitney test. Spearman's correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis were used to assess the association between wrist circumference (WrC) and the variables mentioned above. The predictive validity of WrC in identifying excess weight levels and cardiometabolic risk was analyzed using the ROC curve. The sample consisted of 1487 adults aged 20 to 59 years, 55.7% of whom were female; (3) Results: WrC correlated positively with other adiposity indicators such as waist circumference and Body Mass Index. WrC was the anthropometric indicator most significantly associated with cardiometabolic risk factors. WrC cutoff points identified by the study for determining excess weight were categorized by gender and age group. For males aged 20 to 40 years and >40 years, respectively, the cutoff points for overweight were 17.1 cm and 17.3 cm, and for obesity, 17.9 cm and 17.5 cm. For females aged 20 to 40 years and >40 years, respectively, the cutoff points for overweight were 15.6 cm and 15.4 cm, and for obesity, 16.1 cm and 16 cm (4). Conclusions: Wrist circumference showed a significant correlation with other adiposity indicators and can be used to identify adults with excess weight and predict cardiometabolic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Monteiro Costa Pereira
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), Aracaju 49100-676, Brazil; (L.M.C.P.); (R.M.S.R.); (R.R.d.A.); (A.C.S.S.)
| | - Márcia Ferreira Cândido de Souza
- Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão 49100-000, Brazil; (M.F.C.d.S.); (A.M.d.S.-J.); (M.F.D.d.S.F.)
| | - Felipe J. Aidar
- Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão 49100-000, Brazil;
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão 49100-000, Brazil
| | - Márcio Getirana-Mota
- Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão 49100-000, Brazil;
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão 49100-000, Brazil
| | - Alex Menezes dos Santos-Junior
- Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão 49100-000, Brazil; (M.F.C.d.S.); (A.M.d.S.-J.); (M.F.D.d.S.F.)
| | | | | | - Raysa Manuelle Santos Rocha
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), Aracaju 49100-676, Brazil; (L.M.C.P.); (R.M.S.R.); (R.R.d.A.); (A.C.S.S.)
| | - Rebeca Rocha de Almeida
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), Aracaju 49100-676, Brazil; (L.M.C.P.); (R.M.S.R.); (R.R.d.A.); (A.C.S.S.)
| | - Leonardo Baumworcel
- Division of Cardiology, University Hospital of Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), Aracaju 49100-000, Brazil;
- Clinic and Hospital São Lucas/Rede D’Or São Luiz, Aracaju 49060-676, Brazil;
| | | | - Renata Rebello Mendes
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão 49100-000, Brazil;
| | - Antônio Carlos Sobral Sousa
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), Aracaju 49100-676, Brazil; (L.M.C.P.); (R.M.S.R.); (R.R.d.A.); (A.C.S.S.)
- Clinic and Hospital São Lucas/Rede D’Or São Luiz, Aracaju 49060-676, Brazil;
- Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), Aracaju 49100-000, Brazil
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19
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Yu Y, Tong K, Hu G, Yang X, Wu J, Bai S, Yu R. Love-hate relationship between hepatitis B virus and type 2 diabetes: a Mendelian randomization study. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1378311. [PMID: 38646627 PMCID: PMC11026703 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1378311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective The impact of hepatitis B virus (HBV) on the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) remains a controversial topic. This study aims to analyze the causal relationship between HBV and T2D using Mendelian randomization (MR). Methods Single nucleotide polymorphisms on chronic hepatitis B (CHB), liver fibrosis, liver cirrhosis, and T2D were obtained from BioBank Japan Project, European Bioinformatics Institute, and FinnGen. Mendelian randomization was utilized to evaluate exposure-outcome causality. Inverse variance weighted was used as the primary method for MR analysis. To assess horizontal pleiotropy and heterogeneity, we conducted MR-Egger intercept analysis and Cochran's Q test, and the robustness of the MR analysis results was evaluated through leave-one-out sensitivity analysis. Results MR analysis revealed that CHB was associated with a decreased genetic susceptibility to T2D (OR, 0.975; 95% CI, 0.962-0.989; p < 0.001) while liver cirrhosis (OR, 1.021; 95% CI, 1.007-1.036; p = 0.004) as well as liver cirrhosis and liver fibrosis (OR, 1.015; 95% CI, 1.002-1.028; p = 0.020) were associated with an increased genetic susceptibility to T2D. MR-Egger intercept showed no horizontal pleiotropy (p > 0.05). Cochran's Q showed no heterogeneity (p > 0.05). Leave-one-out sensitivity analysis showed that the results were robust. Conclusion CHB has the potential to act as a protective factor for T2D, but its effectiveness is constrained by viral load and disease stage. This protective effect diminishes or disappears as viral load decreases, and it transforms into a risk factor with the progression to liver fibrosis and cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfeng Yu
- The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Keke Tong
- The Hospital of Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changde, China
| | - Gang Hu
- The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Xinyu Yang
- College of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Jingyi Wu
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Siyang Bai
- College of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Rong Yu
- The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
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20
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Lin YC, Tu HP, Wang TN. Blood lipid profile, HbA1c, fasting glucose, and diabetes: a cohort study and a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis. J Endocrinol Invest 2024; 47:913-925. [PMID: 37878156 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-023-02209-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The prevalence of diabetes is increasing worldwide. The associations between the lipid profile and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting glucose, and diabetes remain unclear, so we aimed to perform a cohort study and a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study to investigate the causality between blood lipid profile and HbA1c, fasting glucose, and diabetes. METHODS A total of 25,171 participants from the Taiwan Biobank were enrolled. We applied a cohort study and an MR study to assess the association between blood lipid profile and HbA1c, fasting glucose, and diabetes. The summary statistics were obtained from the Asian Genetic Epidemiology Network (AGEN), and the estimates between the instrumental variables (IVs) and outcomes were calculated using the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method. A series of sensitivity analyses were performed. RESULTS In the cohort study, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was negatively associated with HbA1c, fasting glucose, and diabetes, while the causal associations between HDL-C and HbA1c (βIVW = - 0.098, p = 0.003) and diabetes (βIVW = - 0.594, p < 0.001) were also observed. Furthermore, there was no pleiotropy effect in this study using the MR-Egger intercept test and MR-PRESSO global test. CONCLUSIONS Our results support the hypothesis that a genetically determined increase in HDL-C is causally related to a reduction in HbA1c and a lower risk of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-C Lin
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Shi-Chuan 1st Rd, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - H-P Tu
- Department of Public Health and Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - T-N Wang
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Shi-Chuan 1st Rd, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan.
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Hu T, Zhang W, Han F, Zhao R, Liu H, An Z. Machine learning reveals serum myristic acid, palmitic acid and heptanoylcarnitine as biomarkers of coronary artery disease risk in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Clin Chim Acta 2024; 556:117852. [PMID: 38438006 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2024.117852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the most important complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and the leading cause of death. Identifying the risk of CHD in T2DM patients is important for early clinical intervention. METHODS A total of 213 participants, including 81 healthy controls (HCs), 69 T2DM patients and 63 T2DM patients complicated with CHD were recruited in this study. Serum metabolomics were conducted by using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). Demographic information and clinical laboratory test results were also collected. RESULTS Metabolic phenotypes were significantly altered among HC, T2DM and T2DM-CHD. Acylcarnitines were the most disturbed metabolites between T2DM patients and HCs. Lower levels of bile acids and higher levels of fatty acids in serum were closely associated with CHD risk in T2DM patients. Artificial neural network model was constructed for the discrimination of T2DM and T2DM complicated with CHD based on myristic acid, palmitic acid and heptanoylcarnitine, with accuracy larger than 0.95 in both training set and testing set. CONCLUSION Altogether, these findings suggest that myristic acid, palmitic acid and heptanoylcarnitine have a good prospect for the warning of CHD complications in T2DM patients, and are superior to traditional lipid, blood glucose and blood pressure indicators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Hu
- Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.8 Gongti South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100020, PR China.
| | - Wen Zhang
- Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.8 Gongti South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100020, PR China
| | - Feifei Han
- Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.8 Gongti South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100020, PR China
| | - Rui Zhao
- Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.8 Gongti South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100020, PR China
| | - Hongchuan Liu
- Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.8 Gongti South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100020, PR China
| | - Zhuoling An
- Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.8 Gongti South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100020, PR China.
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Jin X, Chen Y, Feng H, Zhou M, Chan JWY, Liu Y, Kong APS, Tan X, Wing YK, Liang YY, Zhang J. Association of accelerometer-measured sleep duration and different intensities of physical activity with incident type 2 diabetes in a population-based cohort study. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2024; 13:222-232. [PMID: 36871624 PMCID: PMC10980868 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2023.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the current study was to investigate the association of accelerometer-measured sleep duration and different intensities of physical activity (PA) with the risk of incident type 2 diabetes in a population-based prospective cohort study. METHODS Altogether, 88,000 participants (mean age = 62.2 ± 7.9 years, mean ± SD) were included from the UK Biobank. Sleep duration (short: <6 h/day; normal: 6-8 h/day; long: >8 h/day) and PA of different intensities were measured using a wrist-worn accelerometer over a 7-day period between 2013 and 2015. PA was classified according to the median or World Health Organization-recommendation: total volume of PA (high, low), moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) (recommended, not recommended), and light-intensity PA (high, low). Incidence of type 2 diabetes was ascertained using hospital records or death registries. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 7.0 years, 1615 incident type 2 diabetes cases were documented. Compared with normal sleep duration, short (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.21, 95% confidence interval (95%CI): 1.03-1.41) but not long sleep duration (HR = 1.01, 95%CI: 0.89-1.15) was associated with excessive type 2 diabetes risk. This increased risk among short sleepers seems to be protected against by PA. Compared with normal sleepers with high or recommended PA, short sleepers with low volume of PA (HR = 1.81, 95%CI: 1.46-2.25), not recommended (below the World Health Organization-recommended level of) MVPA (HR = 1.92, 95%CI: 1.55-2.36), or low light-intensity PA (HR = 1.49, 95%CI: 1.13-1.90) had a higher risk of type 2 diabetes, while short sleepers with a high volume of PA (HR = 1.14, 95%CI: 0.88-1.49), recommended MVPA (HR = 1.02, 95%CI: 0.71-1.48), or high light-intensity PA (HR = 1.14, 95%CI: 0.92-1.41) did not. CONCLUSION Accelerometer-measured short but not long sleep duration was associated with a higher risk of incident type 2 diabetes. A higher level of PA, regardless of intensity, potentially ameliorates this excessive risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Jin
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yilin Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China; School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Hongliang Feng
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China; Center for Sleep and Circadian Medicine, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510180, China
| | - Mingqing Zhou
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China; Guangdong Mental Health Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Joey W Y Chan
- Li Chiu Kong Family Sleep Assessment Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Yaping Liu
- Li Chiu Kong Family Sleep Assessment Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Alice Pik Shan Kong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Xiao Tan
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala 751 85, Sweden; Department of Big Data in Health Science, Zhejiang University School of Public Health, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yun-Kwok Wing
- Li Chiu Kong Family Sleep Assessment Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Yannis Yan Liang
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Jihui Zhang
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Medicine, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510180, China; Guangdong Mental Health Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou 510260, China.
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Liu D, Li N, Zhou Y, Wang M, Song P, Yuan C, Shi Q, Chen H, Zhou K, Wang H, Li T, Pan XF, Tian H, Li S. Sex-specific associations between skeletal muscle mass and incident diabetes: A population-based cohort study. Diabetes Obes Metab 2024; 26:820-828. [PMID: 37997500 DOI: 10.1111/dom.15373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the sex-specific associations between predicted skeletal muscle mass index (pSMI) and incident type 2 diabetes in a retrospective longitudinal cohort of Chinese men and women. MATERIALS AND METHODS We enrolled Chinese adults without diabetes at baseline from WATCH (West chinA adulT health CoHort), a large health check-up-based database. We calculated pSMI to estimate skeletal muscular mass, and measured blood glucose variables and assessed self-reported history to identify new-onset diabetes. The nonlinear association between pSMI and incident type 2 diabetes was modelled using the penalized spline method. The piecewise association was estimated using segmented linear splines in weighted Cox proportional hazards regression models. RESULTS Of 47 885 adults (53.2% women) with a median age of 40 years, 1836 developed type 2 diabetes after a 5-year median follow-up. In women, higher pSMI was associated with a lower risk of incident type 2 diabetes (Pnonlinearity = 0.09, hazard ratio [HR] per standard deviation increment in pSMI: 0.79 [95% confidence interval {CI} 0.68, 0.91]). A nonlinear association of pSMI with incident type 2 diabetes was detected in men (Pnonlinearity < 0.001). In men with pSMI lower than 8.1, higher pSMI was associated with a lower risk of incident type 2 diabetes (HR 0.58 [95% CI 0.40, 0.84]), whereas pSMI was not significantly associated with incident diabetes in men with pSMI equal to or greater than 8.1 (HR 1.08 [95% CI 0.93, 1.25]). CONCLUSIONS In females, a larger muscular mass is associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes. For males, this association is significant only among those with diminished muscle mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Nan Li
- Department of Informatics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yiling Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Miye Wang
- Department of Informatics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Peige Song
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Changzheng Yuan
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingyang Shi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui Chen
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kaixin Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Division of Population Health and Genomics, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Laboratory of Mitochondria and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiong-Fei Pan
- Section of Epidemiology and Population Health, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Haoming Tian
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Sheyu Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Singh R, Gholipourmalekabadi M, Shafikhani SH. Animal models for type 1 and type 2 diabetes: advantages and limitations. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1359685. [PMID: 38444587 PMCID: PMC10912558 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1359685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus, commonly referred to as diabetes, is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by chronic elevation in blood glucose levels, resulting from inadequate insulin production, defective cellular response to extracellular insulin, and/or impaired glucose metabolism. The two main types that account for most diabetics are type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), each with their own pathophysiological features. T1D is an autoimmune condition where the body's immune system attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. This leads to lack of insulin, a vital hormone for regulating blood sugar levels and cellular glucose uptake. As a result, those with T1D depend on lifelong insulin therapy to control their blood glucose level. In contrast, T2DM is characterized by insulin resistance, where the body's cells do not respond effectively to insulin, coupled with a relative insulin deficiency. This form of diabetes is often associated with obesity, sedentary lifestyle, and/or genetic factors, and it is managed with lifestyle changes and oral medications. Animal models play a crucial role in diabetes research. However, given the distinct differences between T1DM and T2DM, it is imperative for researchers to employ specific animal models tailored to each condition for a better understanding of the impaired mechanisms underlying each condition, and for assessing the efficacy of new therapeutics. In this review, we discuss the distinct animal models used in type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus research and discuss their strengths and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Singh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology, & Cell Therapy, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Mazaher Gholipourmalekabadi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sasha H Shafikhani
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology, & Cell Therapy, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
- Cancer Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
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马 雨, 卢 燃, 周 泽, 李 晓, 闫 泽, 武 轶, 陈 大. [Association between insomnia and type 2 diabetes: A two-sample Mendelian rando-mization study]. BEIJING DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF PEKING UNIVERSITY. HEALTH SCIENCES 2024; 56:174-178. [PMID: 38318914 PMCID: PMC10845186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the robust relationship between insomnia and type 2 diabetes mellitus by two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis to overcome confounding factors and reverse causality in observational studies. METHODS We identified strong, independent single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of insomnia from the most up to date genome wide association studies (GWAS) within European ancestors and applied them as instrumental variable to GWAS of type 2 diabetes mellitus. After excluding SNPs that were significantly associated with smoking, physical activity, alcohol consumption, educational attainment, obesity, or type 2 diabetes mellitus, we assessed the impact of insomnia on type 2 diabetes mellitus using inverse variance weighting (IVW) method. Weighted median and MR-Egger regression analysis were also conducted to test the robustness of the association. We calculated the F statistic of the selected SNPs to test the applicability of instrumental variable and F statistic over than ten indicated that there was little possibility of bias of weak instrumental variables. We further examined the existence of pleiotropy by testing whether the intercept term in MR-Egger regression was significantly different from zero. In addition, the leave-one-out method was used for sensitivity analysis to verify the stability and reliability of the results. RESULTS We selected 248 SNPs independently associated with insomnia at the genome-wide level (P<5×10-8) as a preliminary candidate set of instrumental variables. After clumping based on the reference panel from 1000 Genome Project and removing the potential pleiotropic SNPs, a total of 167 SNPs associated with insomnia were included as final instrumental variables. The F statistic of this study was 39. 74, which was in line with the relevance assumption of Mendelian randomization. IVW method showed insomnia was associated with higher risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus that po-pulation with insomnia were 1. 14 times more likely to develop type 2 diabetes mellitus than those without insomnia (95% CI: 1.09-1.21, P<0.001). The weighted median estimator (WME) method and MR-Egger regression showed similar causal effect of insomnia on type 2 diabetes mellitus. And MR-Egger regression also showed that the effect was less likely to be triggered by pleiotropy. Sensitivity analyses produced directionally similar estimates. CONCLUSION Insomnia is a risk factor of type 2 diabetes mellitus, which has positively effects on type 2 diabetes mellitus. Our study provides further rationale for indivi-duals at risk for diabetes to keep healthy lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- 雨佳 马
- />北京大学公共卫生学院流行病与卫生统计学系, 北京大学重大疾病流行病学教育部重点实验室, 北京 100191Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Peking University School of Public Health; Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
| | - 燃藜 卢
- />北京大学公共卫生学院流行病与卫生统计学系, 北京大学重大疾病流行病学教育部重点实验室, 北京 100191Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Peking University School of Public Health; Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
| | - 泽宸 周
- />北京大学公共卫生学院流行病与卫生统计学系, 北京大学重大疾病流行病学教育部重点实验室, 北京 100191Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Peking University School of Public Health; Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
| | - 晓怡 李
- />北京大学公共卫生学院流行病与卫生统计学系, 北京大学重大疾病流行病学教育部重点实验室, 北京 100191Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Peking University School of Public Health; Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
| | - 泽玉 闫
- />北京大学公共卫生学院流行病与卫生统计学系, 北京大学重大疾病流行病学教育部重点实验室, 北京 100191Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Peking University School of Public Health; Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
| | - 轶群 武
- />北京大学公共卫生学院流行病与卫生统计学系, 北京大学重大疾病流行病学教育部重点实验室, 北京 100191Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Peking University School of Public Health; Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
| | - 大方 陈
- />北京大学公共卫生学院流行病与卫生统计学系, 北京大学重大疾病流行病学教育部重点实验室, 北京 100191Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Peking University School of Public Health; Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
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Guo W, Li BL, Zhao JY, Li XM, Wang LF. Causal associations between modifiable risk factors and intervertebral disc degeneration. Spine J 2024; 24:195-209. [PMID: 37939919 DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2023.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is a common degenerative condition, which is thought to be a major cause of lower back pain (LBP). However, the etiology and pathophysiology of IVDD are not yet completely clear. PURPOSE To examine potential causal effects of modifiable risk factors on IVDD. STUDY DESIGN Bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) study. PATIENT SAMPLE Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) with sample sizes between 54,358 and 766,345 participants. OUTCOME MEASURES Outcomes included (1) modifiable risk factors associated with IVDD use in the forward MR; and (2) modifiable risk factors that were determined to have a causal association with IVDD in the reverse MR, including smoking, alcohol intake, standing height, education level, household income, sleeplessness, hypertension, hip osteoarthritis, HDL, triglycerides, apolipoprotein A-I, type 2 diabetes, fasting glucose, HbA1c, BMI and obesity trait. METHODS We obtained genetic variants associated with 33 exposure factors from genome-wide association studies. Summary statistics for IVDD were obtained from the FinnGen consortium. The risk factors of IVDD were analyzed by inverse variance weighting method, MR-Egger method, weighted median method, MR-PRESSO method and multivariate MR Method. Reverse Mendelian randomization analysis was performed on risk factors found to be caustically associated with IVDD in the forward Mendelian randomization analysis. The heterogeneity of instrumental variables was quantified using Cochran's Q statistic. RESULTS Genetic predisposition to smoking (OR=1.221, 95% CI: 1.068-1.396), alcohol intake (OR=1.208, 95% CI: 1.056-1.328) and standing height (OR=1.149, 95% CI: 1.072-1.231) were associated with increased risk of IVDD. In addition, education level (OR=0.573, 95%CI: 0.502-0.654)and household income (OR=0.614, 95%CI: 0.445-0.847) had a protective effect on IVDD. Sleeplessness (OR=1.799, 95%CI: 1.162-2.783), hypertension (OR=2.113, 95%CI: 1.132-3.944) and type 2 diabetes (OR=1.069, 95%CI: 1.024-1.115) are three important risk factors causally associated with the IVDD. In addition, we demonstrated that increased levels of triglycerides (OR=1.080, 95%CI:1.013-1.151), fasting glucose (OR=1.189, 95%CI:1.007-1.405), and HbA1c (OR=1.308, 95%CI:1.017-1.683) could significantly increase the odds of IVDD. Hip osteoarthritis, HDL, apolipoprotein A-I, BMI and obesity trait factors showed bidirectional causal associations with IVDD, therefore we considered the causal associations between these risk factors and IVDD to be uncertain. CONCLUSIONS This MR study provides evidence of complex causal associations between modifiable risk factors and IVDD. It is noteworthy that metabolic disturbances appear to have a more significant effect on IVDD than biomechanical alterations, as individuals with type 2 diabetes, elevated triglycerides, fasting glucose, and elevated HbA1c are at higher risk for IVDD, and the causal association of obesity-related characteristics with IVDD incidence is unclear. These findings provide new insights into potential therapeutic and prevention strategies. Further research is needed to clarify the mechanisms of these risk factors on IVDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Guo
- Department of Orthopaedics, Hebei Province Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine-Western Medicine, 31 Huanghe Road, Cangzhou, P.R. China, 061001; Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine in Osteoarthrosis Research, 31 Huanghe Road, Cangzhou, P.R. China, 061001; The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 139 Ziqiang Road, Shijiazhuang, P.R. China, 050035
| | - Bao-Li Li
- The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 139 Ziqiang Road, Shijiazhuang, P.R. China, 050035
| | - Jian-Yong Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Hebei Province Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine-Western Medicine, 31 Huanghe Road, Cangzhou, P.R. China, 061001; Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine in Osteoarthrosis Research, 31 Huanghe Road, Cangzhou, P.R. China, 061001
| | - Xiao-Ming Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Hebei Province Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine-Western Medicine, 31 Huanghe Road, Cangzhou, P.R. China, 061001; Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine in Osteoarthrosis Research, 31 Huanghe Road, Cangzhou, P.R. China, 061001
| | - Lin-Feng Wang
- The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 139 Ziqiang Road, Shijiazhuang, P.R. China, 050035.
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Su DQ, Tian XF. Causal associations of cytokines and growth factors with cholelithiasis: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study. Postgrad Med J 2024; 100:84-90. [PMID: 37857513 DOI: 10.1093/postmj/qgad101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been reported that patients with cholelithiasis may have changes in levels of cytokines and growth factors, while their causal relationships were still unclear. METHODS This study was a bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) study. Datasets of 41 circulation cytokines and growth factors and the data on cholelithiasis were obtained. Six steps of strict instrumental variable filtration were set, and inverse-variance weighted analysis, MR-Egger regression, and weighted median test were used to identify the causal relationships. Benjamini-Hochberg method was used to adjust the P-values. RESULTS After adjustments of P-values, four cytokines and growth factors were still causally associated with cholelithiasis significantly: interleukin 2 receptor alpha (adjusted P: 4.59E-02), interleukin 8 (adjusted P: 1.09E-02), monocyte-specific chemokine 3 (adjusted P: 2.73E-04), and stem cell factor (adjusted P: 2.73E-04). In the reverse MR analysis, no significant causal relationship was detected after adjustment. CONCLUSIONS Four cytokines and growth factors, including interleukin 2 receptor alpha, interleukin 8, monocyte-specific chemokine 3, and stem cell factor, were proven to relate to cholelithiasis causally and unidirectionally.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Qiang Su
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 132000, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Tian
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 132000, China
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Liu M, Yu D, Pan Y, Ji S, Han N, Yang C, Sun G. Causal Roles of Lifestyle, Psychosocial Characteristics, and Sleep Status in Sarcopenia: A Mendelian Randomization Study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2024; 79:glad191. [PMID: 37549427 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glad191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many studies reported that lifestyle, psychosocial characteristics, and sleep status related to sarcopenia, although few studies provided evidence of causal relationships between them. METHODS The data used in our study were from UK Biobank, FinnGen Release 8, and large genome-wide association study meta-analyses. Two-sample Mendelian randomization was conducted to identify the causal associations of 21 traits of lifestyle, psychosocial characteristics, and sleep status with 6 traits of sarcopenia. Benjamini-Hochberg correction was performed to reduce the bias caused by multiple tests. Risk factor analyses were performed to explore the potential mechanism behind the exposures. RESULTS Mendelian randomization analyses after adjustment proved the causal roles of coffee intake, education years, smoking, leisure screen time, and moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity during leisure time in sarcopenia was proven although providing no significant evidence for causal roles for carbohydrates intake, protein intake, alcohol, and sleep status in sarcopenia. CONCLUSIONS Our results strongly support that coffee intake, education years, smoking, leisure screen time, and moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity during leisure time played significantly causal roles in sarcopenia, which may provide new intervention strategies for preventing the development of sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingchong Liu
- Department of Traumatic Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Daqian Yu
- Department of Traumatic Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yutao Pan
- Department of Traumatic Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengchao Ji
- Department of Traumatic Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Han
- Department of Traumatic Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chensong Yang
- Department of Traumatic Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guixin Sun
- Department of Traumatic Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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Mandra EV, Parfenov VA, Akhmedzhanova LT, Fadeev VV, Amosova MV, Popovskaya KA. [The intensity of neuropathic pain and the severity of insomnia in diabetic polyneuropathy]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2024; 124:87-92. [PMID: 38934671 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro202412405287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of insomnia and the effectiveness of its treatment in patients with a painful form of diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN). MATERIAL AND METHODS Fifty patients with the painful form of DPN were randomly divided into 2 groups: the standard therapy group (ST) and the extended therapy group (ET). In the ST group, a single lesson on sleep hygiene was conducted, in the ET group there were 3-4 face-to-face individual sessions for the treatment of insomnia for two weeks. Both groups were interviewed at the time of hospitalization, after 3 and 6 months. The severity of polyneuropathy and the nature of neuropathic pain were assessed using the Neuropathic Neuropathy Impairment Score in the Lower Limbs (NIS-LL) and the Neuropathy Total Symptom Score - 9 (NTSS-9); the intensity of pain was assessed using a Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Sleep disorders were analyzed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). RESULTS Sleep disorders of varying severity were observed in 82% of patients in the initial survey. In both groups, improvement in sleep quality was noted during treatment, but significantly better results were in the ET group, the ISI score after 6 months was 7.15±2.08 for the ST group and 3.07±2.49 for the ET group (p<0.0001). In the ST group, there was no significant decrease in the intensity of pain and the severity of polyneuropathy in dynamics. In the ET group, a significant decrease in NTSS-9 and VAS scores was found during the initial survey and after 6 months (p<0.0001). The intensity of pain also significantly decreased in the ET group compared with the ST group (p<0.0001) at the end of follow-up, which indicates the importance of sleep normalization in the treatment of neuropathic pain. CONCLUSION Most patients with the painful form of DPN have insomnia. Treatment of insomnia has shown its effectiveness as part of a multimodal approach to the managing of neuropathic pain in DPN and improving the quality of life of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- E V Mandra
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - V A Parfenov
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - L T Akhmedzhanova
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - V V Fadeev
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - M V Amosova
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - K A Popovskaya
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
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Xourafa G, Korbmacher M, Roden M. Inter-organ crosstalk during development and progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2024; 20:27-49. [PMID: 37845351 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-023-00898-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by tissue-specific insulin resistance and pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, which result from the interplay of local abnormalities within different tissues and systemic dysregulation of tissue crosstalk. The main local mechanisms comprise metabolic (lipid) signalling, altered mitochondrial metabolism with oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress and local inflammation. While the role of endocrine dysregulation in T2DM pathogenesis is well established, other forms of inter-organ crosstalk deserve closer investigation to better understand the multifactorial transition from normoglycaemia to hyperglycaemia. This narrative Review addresses the impact of certain tissue-specific messenger systems, such as metabolites, peptides and proteins and microRNAs, their secretion patterns and possible alternative transport mechanisms, such as extracellular vesicles (exosomes). The focus is on the effects of these messengers on distant organs during the development of T2DM and progression to its complications. Starting from the adipose tissue as a major organ relevant to T2DM pathophysiology, the discussion is expanded to other key tissues, such as skeletal muscle, liver, the endocrine pancreas and the intestine. Subsequently, this Review also sheds light on the potential of multimarker panels derived from these biomarkers and related multi-omics for the prediction of risk and progression of T2DM, novel diabetes mellitus subtypes and/or endotypes and T2DM-related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Xourafa
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Melis Korbmacher
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael Roden
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Düsseldorf, Germany.
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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Rao S, Chen X, Ou OY, Chair SY, Chien WT, Liu G, Waye MMY. A Positive Causal Effect of Shrimp Allergy on Major Depressive Disorder Mediated by Allergy- and Immune-Related Pathways in the East Asian Population. Nutrients 2023; 16:79. [PMID: 38201909 PMCID: PMC10780813 DOI: 10.3390/nu16010079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Observational studies have implied a potential correlation between allergic diseases and major depressive disorder (MDD). However, the relationship is still inconclusive as it is likely to be interfered with by substantial confounding factors and potential reverse causality. The present study aimed to investigate causal correlation of the two diseases by a Mendelian randomization (MR) study and further elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms. METHODS With the biggest summary datasets of a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in the East Asian population, we conducted a two-sample, bidirectional MR study to assess the causal correlation between shrimp allergy (SA) and MDD. Subsequently, we identified the pleiotropic genes' susceptibility to the two diseases at whole-genome and tissue-specific levels, respectively. Enriched GO sets and KEGG pathways were also discovered to elucidate the potential underlying mechanisms. RESULTS With the most suitable MR method, SA was identified as a causal risk factor for MDD based on three different groups of independent genetic instruments, respectively (p < 2.81 × 10-2). In contrast, we did not observe a significant causal effect of MDD on SA. The GWAS-pairwise program successfully identified seven pleiotropic genetic variants (PPA3 > 0.8), indicating that the two diseases indeed have a shared genetic basis. At a whole-genome level, the MAGMA program identified 44 pleiotropic genes, which were enriched in allergy-related pathways, such as antigen processing and presentation pathway (p = 1.46 × 10-2). In brain-specific tissue, the S-MultiXcan program found 17 pleiotropic genes that were significantly enriched in immune-related pathways and GO sets, including asthma-related pathway, T-cell activation-related, and major histocompatibility complex protein-related GO sets. Regarding whole-blood tissue, the program identified six pleiotropic genes that are significantly enriched in tolerance induction-related GO sets. CONCLUSIONS The present study for the first time indicated a significant causal effect of SA on the occurrence of MDD, but the reverse was not true. Enrichment analyses of pleiotropic genes at whole-genome and tissue-specific levels implied the involvement of allergy and immune-related pathways in the shared genetic mechanism of the two diseases. Elucidating the causal effect and the acting direction may be beneficial in reducing the incidence rate of MDD for the massive group of SA patients in the East Asian region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shitao Rao
- Department of Bioinformatics, Fujian Key Laboratory of Medical Bioinformatics, Institute of Precision Medicine, School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; (S.R.); (X.C.)
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaotong Chen
- Department of Bioinformatics, Fujian Key Laboratory of Medical Bioinformatics, Institute of Precision Medicine, School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; (S.R.); (X.C.)
| | - Olivia Yanlai Ou
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada;
| | - Sek Ying Chair
- Croucher Laboratory for Human Genomics, Asia-Pacific Genomic and Genetic Nursing Centre, The Nethersole School of Nursing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (S.Y.C.); (W.T.C.)
| | - Wai Tong Chien
- Croucher Laboratory for Human Genomics, Asia-Pacific Genomic and Genetic Nursing Centre, The Nethersole School of Nursing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (S.Y.C.); (W.T.C.)
| | - Guangming Liu
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food, Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Mary Miu Yee Waye
- Croucher Laboratory for Human Genomics, Asia-Pacific Genomic and Genetic Nursing Centre, The Nethersole School of Nursing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (S.Y.C.); (W.T.C.)
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Yuan JX, Jiang Q, Yu SJ. Diabetes mellitus and prostate cancer risk: A mendelian randomization analysis. World J Diabetes 2023; 14:1839-1848. [PMID: 38222791 PMCID: PMC10784790 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v14.i12.1839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some studies have directed towards an association between diabetes mellitus (DM) and prostate cancer (PCa); however, this specific relationship remains inconclusive. In recent years, Mendelian randomization (MR) has become a widely used analytical method for inferring epidemiological causes. AIM To investigated the potential relationship between DM and PCa using MR. METHODS We downloaded relevant data on "diabetes" and "PCa" from the IEU OpenGWAS project database, performed three different methods to conduct MR, and carried out sensitivity analysis for verification. RESULTS The results indicated that DM was an independent risk factor for PCa. The odds ratio (OR) values obtained using the inverse variance weighted method in this study were as follows: OR = 1.018 (95% confidence interval: 1.004-1.032), P = 0.014. CONCLUSION We found that DM could increase the incidence rate of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Xu Yuan
- Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Qing Jiang
- Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Sheng-Jie Yu
- Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
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Guo J, Redline S, Stone KL, Xiao Y. Redefining Comorbid Insomnia and Sleep Apnea: The Association of Sleep Breathing Impairment and Insomnia with Incident Diabetes. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2023; 20:1791-1800. [PMID: 37695743 PMCID: PMC10704235 DOI: 10.1513/annalsats.202302-171oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a prevalent sleep disorder that is frequently comorbid with insomnia and often accompanied by metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes. Although the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) is currently the diagnostic criterion for gauging the severity of OSA, the AHI has not consistently predicted incident diabetes. Objectives: To test whether a combined insomnia-OSA (COMISA) phenotype based on comorbid insomnia and sleep breathing impairment index (COMISA-SBII) predicts incident diabetes and to compare the association with an AHI definition of COMISA (COMISA-AHI) in the MrOS (Osteoporotic Fractures in Men) study. Methods: The study samples came from participants in the MrOS sleep study without diabetes at their baseline examination. The SBII was derived as the product of the duration of each respiratory event (apnea and hypopnea) and the accompanying desaturation area from baseline unattended polysomnography. A subgroup of individuals classified as having comorbid insomnia (difficulties falling asleep, waking up in the middle of the night and/or early morning awakenings >15 times per month, and daytime impairments) and sleep breathing impairment (greater than 50th percentile of SBII) were identified at baseline. The primary outcome was incident diabetes during the follow-up visits. Cox proportional models were built to assess the adjusted hazard ratios of COMISA-AHI and COMISA-SBII. Prediction model performances of incident diabetes were compared across different models. Results: A total of 2,365 men (mean age, 76 yr) without diabetes at baseline were included. During a median follow-up of 10.0 years, diabetes developed in 181. After adjusting for demographic characteristics, comorbidities, and behavioral risk factors, participants with COMISA-SBII had a higher risk of incident diabetes (hazard ratio, 1.82; 95% confidence interval, 1.15-2.89) than those without sleep disorders (those with an SBII ⩽13.17 and no insomnia). The result remained significant in the risk competing model. Compared with COMISA-AHI, the addition of COMISA-SBII to a crude model with established risk factors significantly improved the predictive value of incident diabetes. Conclusions: COMISA-SBII, but not COMISA-AHI, predicted incident diabetes after accounting for multiple covariates in a cohort of older men. A comorbid insomnia phenotype based on SBII plus insomnia symptoms may be an important clinical subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Guo
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Susan Redline
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Katie L. Stone
- Research Institute, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, California
| | - Yi Xiao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Mba CM, Jones KS, Forouhi NG, Imamura F, Assah F, Mbanya JC, Wareham NJ. The association between plasma zinc concentrations and markers of glucose metabolism in adults in Cameroon. Br J Nutr 2023; 130:1220-1227. [PMID: 36693633 PMCID: PMC7615052 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114523000223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
An abnormal Zn status has been suggested to play a role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. However, epidemiological studies of the relationship between plasma Zn concentrations and diabetes are sparse and inconclusive. We aimed to investigate the association between plasma Zn concentrations and glycaemic markers (fasting glucose, 2-h glucose and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance) in rural and urban Cameroon. We studied 596 healthy adults (63·3 % women) aged 25-55 years in a population-based cross-sectional study. The mean plasma Zn concentration was 13·7 ± 2·7 µmol/L overall, with higher levels in men (14·4 ± 2·9 µmol/l) than in women (13·2 ± 2·6 µmol/l), P-value < 0·0001. There was an inverse relationship between tertiles of plasma Zn and 2-h glucose concentrations (P-value for linear trend = 0·002). The difference in 2-h glucose between those in the highest tertile of plasma Zn compared to the lowest was -0·63 (95 % CI - 1·02, -0·23) mmol/l. This remained significant after adjusting for age, sex, smoking status, alcohol intake, education level, area of residence, adiposity and objectively measured physical activity -0·43(-0·82, -0·04). Similar inverse associations were observed between plasma Zn concentrations and fasting glucose and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance when adjusted for socio-demographic and health-related behavioural characteristics. The current findings of an inverse association between plasma Zn concentrations and several markers of glucose homeostasis, together with growing evidence from intervention studies, suggest a role for Zn in glucose metabolism. If supported by further evidence, strategies to improve Zn status in populations may provide a cheap public health prevention approach for diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille M. Mba
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Kerry S. Jones
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre Nutritional Biomarker Laboratory, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nita G. Forouhi
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Fumiaki Imamura
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Felix Assah
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Jean Claude Mbanya
- Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Nicholas J. Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Haycock PC, Borges MC, Burrows K, Lemaitre RN, Harrison S, Burgess S, Chang X, Westra J, Khankari NK, Tsilidis KK, Gaunt T, Hemani G, Zheng J, Truong T, O’Mara TA, Spurdle AB, Law MH, Slager SL, Birmann BM, Saberi Hosnijeh F, Mariosa D, Amos CI, Hung RJ, Zheng W, Gunter MJ, Davey Smith G, Relton C, Martin RM. Design and quality control of large-scale two-sample Mendelian randomization studies. Int J Epidemiol 2023; 52:1498-1521. [PMID: 38587501 PMCID: PMC10555669 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyad018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Mendelian randomization (MR) studies are susceptible to metadata errors (e.g. incorrect specification of the effect allele column) and other analytical issues that can introduce substantial bias into analyses. We developed a quality control (QC) pipeline for the Fatty Acids in Cancer Mendelian Randomization Collaboration (FAMRC) that can be used to identify and correct for such errors. Methods We collated summary association statistics from fatty acid and cancer genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and subjected the collated data to a comprehensive QC pipeline. We identified metadata errors through comparison of study-specific statistics to external reference data sets (the National Human Genome Research Institute-European Bioinformatics Institute GWAS catalogue and 1000 genome super populations) and other analytical issues through comparison of reported to expected genetic effect sizes. Comparisons were based on three sets of genetic variants: (i) GWAS hits for fatty acids, (ii) GWAS hits for cancer and (iii) a 1000 genomes reference set. Results We collated summary data from 6 fatty acid and 54 cancer GWAS. Metadata errors and analytical issues with the potential to introduce substantial bias were identified in seven studies (11.6%). After resolving metadata errors and analytical issues, we created a data set of 219 842 genetic associations with 90 cancer types, generated in analyses of 566 665 cancer cases and 1 622 374 controls. Conclusions In this large MR collaboration, 11.6% of included studies were affected by a substantial metadata error or analytical issue. By increasing the integrity of collated summary data prior to their analysis, our protocol can be used to increase the reliability of downstream MR analyses. Our pipeline is available to other researchers via the CheckSumStats package (https://github.com/MRCIEU/CheckSumStats).
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip C Haycock
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Maria Carolina Borges
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Kimberley Burrows
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Sean Harrison
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Stephen Burgess
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Xuling Chang
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Khoo Teck Puat—National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jason Westra
- Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, Dordt College, Sioux Center, IA, USA
| | - Nikhil K Khankari
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kostas K Tsilidis
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Tom Gaunt
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Gibran Hemani
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Jie Zheng
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Therese Truong
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, Team “Exposome, Heredity, Cancer and Health”, CESP, Villejuif, France
| | - Tracy A O’Mara
- Genetics and Computational Biology Division, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Amanda B Spurdle
- Genetics and Computational Biology Division, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Matthew H Law
- Statistical Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
| | - Susan L Slager
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Brenda M Birmann
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Daniela Mariosa
- Genomic Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - Christopher I Amos
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA
| | - Rayjean J Hung
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health and University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Marc J Gunter
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - George Davey Smith
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Caroline Relton
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Richard M Martin
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Yuan S, Xu F, Li X, Chen J, Zheng J, Mantzoros CS, Larsson SC. Plasma proteins and onset of type 2 diabetes and diabetic complications: Proteome-wide Mendelian randomization and colocalization analyses. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:101174. [PMID: 37652020 PMCID: PMC10518626 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
We conduct proteome-wide Mendelian randomization and colocalization analyses to decipher the associations of blood proteins with the risk of type 2 diabetes and diabetic complications. Genetic data on plasma proteome are obtained from 54,306 UK Biobank participants and 35,559 Icelanders. Summary-level data on type 2 diabetes are obtained from the DIAGRAM (DIAbetes Genetics Replication And Meta-analysis consortium) consortium (74,124 cases) and FinnGen study (33,043 cases). Data on 10 diabetic complications are obtained from FinnGen and corresponding studies. Among 1,886 proteins, genetically predicted levels of 47 plasma proteins are associated with type 2 diabetes. Eleven of these proteins have strong support of colocalization. Seventeen proteins are associated with at least one diabetic complication, although a few have colocalization support. HLA-DRA, AGER, HSPA1A, and HSPA1B are associated with most microvascular complications. This study reveals causal proteins for the onset of type 2 diabetes and diabetic complications, which enhances the understanding of molecular etiology and development of therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Yuan
- Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Fengzhe Xu
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Big Data in Health Science, School of Public Health, Center of Clinical Big Data and Analytics of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Big Data in Health Science, School of Public Health, Center of Clinical Big Data and Analytics of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, Shanghai Digital Medicine Innovation Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Christos S Mantzoros
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Section of Endocrinology, VA Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Susanna C Larsson
- Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Unit of Medical Epidemiology, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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37
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Zhuang Z, Dong X, Jia J, Liu Z, Huang T, Qi L. Sleep Patterns, Plasma Metabolome, and Risk of Incident Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 108:e1034-e1043. [PMID: 37084357 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT A healthy sleep pattern has been related to a lower risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). OBJECTIVE We aimed to identify the metabolomic signature for the healthy sleep pattern and assess its potential causality with T2DM. METHODS This study included 78 659 participants with complete phenotypic data (sleep information and metabolomic measurements) from the UK Biobank study. Elastic net regularized regression was applied to calculate a metabolomic signature reflecting overall sleep patterns. We also performed genome-wide association analysis of the metabolomic signature and one-sample mendelian randomization (MR) with T2DM risk. RESULTS During a median of 8.8 years of follow-up, we documented 1489 incident T2DM cases. Compared with individuals who had an unhealthy sleep pattern, those with a healthy sleep pattern had a 49% lower risk of T2DM (multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 0.51; 95% CI, 0.40-0.63). We further constructed a metabolomic signature using elastic net regularized regressions that comprised 153 metabolites, and robustly correlated with sleep pattern (r = 0.19; P = 3×10-325). In multivariable Cox regressions, the metabolomic signature showed a statistically significant inverse association with T2DM risk (HR per SD increment in the signature, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.52-0.60). Additionally, MR analyses indicated a significant causal relation between the genetically predicted metabolomic signature and incident T2DM (P for trend < .001). CONCLUSION In this large prospective study, we identified a metabolomic signature for the healthy sleep pattern, and such a signature showed a potential causality with T2DM risk independent of traditional risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhuang Zhuang
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xue Dong
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jinzhu Jia
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027-6902, USA
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
- Center for Intelligent Public Health, Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Lu Qi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Yang T, Yuan X, Gao W, Lu MJ, Hu MJ, Sun HS. Causal effect of hypertension and blood pressure on aortic diseases: evidence from Mendelian randomization. Hypertens Res 2023; 46:2203-2212. [PMID: 37443259 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-023-01351-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension or elevated blood pressure was documented to be an important risk factor for aortic diseases in observational studies, yet the causality remains to be determined. By applying a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach, we aim to determine whether hypertension or elevated blood pressure (systolic blood pressure [SBP] or diastolic blood pressure [DBP]) is linked causally to aortic aneurysm or aortic dissection. Genetic instruments and summary statistics for hypertension and aortic diseases were obtained from large genome-wide association studies. The traditional inverse variance weighted (IVW) method was used to obtain the causal estimates. Sensitivity analyses including MR-Egger, weighted median and multivariable MR were also performed. Our results suggested that genetic liability to hypertension was associated with aortic dissection (odds ratio [OR]: 1.81; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.27-2.58; P = 1.13 × 10-3) and aortic aneurysm (OR: 1.43; 95% CI: 1.22-1.66; P = 7.79 × 10-6). Per standard deviation increase in genetically-determined DBP was significantly associated with increased aortic dissection (OR: 1.14; 95% CI: 1.09-1.19; P = 1.58 × 10-9) and aortic aneurysm (OR: 1.07; 95% CI: 1.05-1.09; P = 8.37 × 10-14). There was a null association between SBP and aortic dissection (OR: 1.01; 95% CI: 0.99-1.94; P = 0.38) or aortic aneurysm (OR: 1.00; 95% CI: 0.99-1.01; P = 0.92). Sensitivity analyses documented similar results. Therefore, hypertension and elevated DBP are causally associated with higher risks of aortic aneurysm and aortic dissection. Preventive interventions for aortic diseases may consider individuals with hypertension, especially those with higher DBP. Meanwhile, further research is required to determine the mechanisms underlying the significantly greater correlation between DBP and aortic diseases than SBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Cardiovascular Institute and Fu Wai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, No.167 North Lishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Xin Yuan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Cardiovascular Institute and Fu Wai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, No.167 North Lishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Cardiovascular Institute and Fu Wai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, No.167 North Lishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Min-Jie Lu
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cardiovascular Institute and Fu Wai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, No.167 North Lishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China.
| | - Meng-Jin Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Han-Song Sun
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Cardiovascular Institute and Fu Wai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, No.167 North Lishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China.
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Ming L, Wang D, Zhu Y. Association of sodium intake with diabetes in adults without hypertension: evidence from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2009-2018. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1118364. [PMID: 37727604 PMCID: PMC10506081 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1118364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sodium is essential for human health, however the prevalence of various diseases is associated with excessive sodium intake, particularly cardiovascular disorders. However, in most countries, salt intake is much higher than the World Health Organization recommends. Several studies in recent years have revealed that high salt intake is associated with diabetes in the general population, but the association is uncertain in people who do not have hypertension. In this study, we aimed to find out whether high sodium intake increases the risk of diabetes in this particular population. Method Data were extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES; 2009-2018). Participants included adults aged over 20 years old who have undergone the diabetes questionnaire, and the hypertension population was excluded. In order to adjust the confounders, multivariate analysis models were built. Finally, subgroup analysis were conducted to investigate the association between sodium intake and diabetes separately. Result In the present study, 7,907 participants are included (3,920 female and 3,987 male), and 512 (6.48%) individuals reported diabetes. The median sodium intake of the participants was 3,341 mg/d (IQR: 2498, 4,364 mg/d). A linear association between sodium intake and the prevalence of diabetes was found (p = 0.003). According to the multivariate analysis models, the odds ratio of diabetes for every 1,000 mg sodium intake increment is 1.20 (OR: 1.20, 95% CI 1.07-1.35). The highest sodium intake quartile was 1.80-fold more likely to have diabetes than the lowest quartile (OR: 1.80, 95% CI 1.17-2.76). Conclusion Our results suggest that higher sodium intake is associated with an increased risk of diabetes in the population without hypertension, and for every 1,000 mg sodium intake increment, the risk of diabetes increased by 1.20-fold. To sum up, we have provided the clue to the etiology of diabetes and further prospective research is needed to contribute recommendations for the primary prevention of diabetes in the US.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ming
- Department of Pediatrics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Duan Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yong Zhu
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
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Kim JY, Song M, Kim MS, Natarajan P, Do R, Myung W, Won HH. An atlas of associations between 14 micronutrients and 22 cancer outcomes: Mendelian randomization analyses. BMC Med 2023; 21:316. [PMID: 37605270 PMCID: PMC10441703 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-023-03018-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Micronutrients, namely vitamins and minerals, are associated with cancer outcomes; however, their reported effects have been inconsistent across studies. We aimed to identify the causally estimated effects of micronutrients on cancer by applying the Mendelian randomization (MR) method, using single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with micronutrient levels as instrumental variables. METHODS We obtained instrumental variables of 14 genetically predicted micronutrient levels and applied two-sample MR to estimate their causal effects on 22 cancer outcomes from a meta-analysis of the UK Biobank (UKB) and FinnGen cohorts (overall cancer and 21 site-specific cancers, including breast, colorectal, lung, and prostate cancer), in addition to six major cancer outcomes and 20 cancer subset outcomes from cancer consortia. We used sensitivity MR methods, including weighted median, MR-Egger, and MR-PRESSO, to assess potential horizontal pleiotropy or heterogeneity. Genome-wide association summary statistical data of European descent were used for both exposure and outcome data, including up to 940,633 participants of European descent with 133,384 cancer cases. RESULTS In total, 672 MR tests (14 micronutrients × 48 cancer outcomes) were performed. The following two associations met Bonferroni significance by the number of associations (P < 0.00016) in the UKB plus FinnGen cohorts: increased risk of breast cancer with magnesium levels (odds ratio [OR] = 1.281 per 1 standard deviation [SD] higher magnesium level, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.151 to 1.426, P < 0.0001) and increased risk of colorectal cancer with vitamin B12 level (OR = 1.22 per 1 SD higher vitamin B12 level, 95% CI = 1.107 to 1.345, P < 0.0001). These two associations remained significant in the analysis of the cancer consortia. No significant heterogeneity or horizontal pleiotropy was observed. Micronutrient levels were not associated with overall cancer risk. CONCLUSIONS Our results may aid clinicians in deciding whether to regulate the intake of certain micronutrients, particularly in high-risk groups without nutritional deficiencies, and may help in the design of future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Yeob Kim
- Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology (SAIHST) Sungkyunkwan University, Samsung Medical Center, 81 Irwon-Ro, Gangnam-Gu, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Minku Song
- Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology (SAIHST) Sungkyunkwan University, Samsung Medical Center, 81 Irwon-Ro, Gangnam-Gu, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Seo Kim
- Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology (SAIHST) Sungkyunkwan University, Samsung Medical Center, 81 Irwon-Ro, Gangnam-Gu, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
- Medical and Population Genetics and Cardiovascular Disease Initiative Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pradeep Natarajan
- Medical and Population Genetics and Cardiovascular Disease Initiative Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ron Do
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Woojae Myung
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Hee Won
- Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology (SAIHST) Sungkyunkwan University, Samsung Medical Center, 81 Irwon-Ro, Gangnam-Gu, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea.
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Wang X, Zhao C, Feng H, Li G, He L, Yang L, Liang Y, Tan X, Xu Y, Cui R, Sun Y, Guo S, Zhao G, Zhang J, Ai S. Associations of Insomnia With Insulin Resistance Traits: A Cross-sectional and Mendelian Randomization Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 108:e574-e582. [PMID: 36794917 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Insomnia is associated with insulin resistance (IR) in observational studies; however, whether insomnia is causally associated with IR remains unestablished. OBJECTIVE This study aims to estimate the causal associations of insomnia with IR and its related traits. METHODS In primary analyses, multivariable regression (MVR) and 1-sample Mendelian randomization (1SMR) analyses were performed to estimate the associations of insomnia with IR (triglyceride-glucose index and triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [TG/HDL-C] ratio) and its related traits (glucose level, TG, and HDL-C) in the UK Biobank. Thereafter, 2-sample MR (2SMR) analyses were used to validate the findings from primary analyses. Finally, the potential mediating effects of IR on the pathway of insomnia giving rise to type 2 diabetes (T2D) were examined using a 2-step MR design. RESULTS Across the MVR, 1SMR, and their sensitivity analyses, we found consistent evidence suggesting that more frequent insomnia symptoms were significantly associated with higher values of triglyceride-glucose index (MVR, β = 0.024, P < 2.00E-16; 1SMR, β = 0.343, P < 2.00E-16), TG/HDL-C ratio (MVR, β = 0.016, P = 1.75E-13; 1SMR, β = 0.445, P < 2.00E-16), and TG level (MVR, β = 0.019 log mg/dL, P < 2.00E-16, 1SMR: β = 0.289 log mg/dL, P < 2.00E-16) after Bonferroni adjustment. Similar evidence was obtained by using 2SMR, and mediation analysis suggested that about one-quarter (25.21%) of the association between insomnia symptoms and T2D was mediated by IR. CONCLUSIONS This study provides robust evidence supporting that more frequent insomnia symptoms are associated with IR and its related traits across different angles. These findings indicate that insomnia symptoms can be served as a promising target to improve IR and prevent subsequent T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Life Science Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui 453100, China
| | - Chenhao Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Life Science Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui 453100, China
| | - Hongliang Feng
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, China
| | - Guohua Li
- Department of Cardiology, Life Science Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui 453100, China
| | - Lei He
- Department of Cardiology, Life Science Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui 453100, China
| | - Lulu Yang
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, China
| | - Yan Liang
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, China
| | - Xiao Tan
- Department of Neuroscience (Sleep Science, BMC), Uppsala University, Uppsala SE-75105, Sweden
| | - Yanmin Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Life Science Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui 453100, China
| | - Ruixiang Cui
- Department of Cardiology, Life Science Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui 453100, China
| | - Yujing Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Life Science Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui 453100, China
| | - Sheng Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Life Science Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui 453100, China
| | - Guoan Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Life Science Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui 453100, China
| | - Jihui Zhang
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Medicine, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510370, China
- Li Chiu Kong Family Sleep Assessment Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Sizhi Ai
- Department of Cardiology, Life Science Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui 453100, China
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Medicine, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510370, China
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Yuan S, Li X, Liu Q, Wang Z, Jiang X, Burgess S, Larsson SC. Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, and Type 2 Diabetes: Mendelian Randomization Analysis. J Endocr Soc 2023; 7:bvad090. [PMID: 37415875 PMCID: PMC10321115 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvad090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Context The causality and pathways of the associations between physical activity and inactivity and the risk of type 2 diabetes remain inconclusive. Objective We conducted an updated mendelian randomization (MR) study to explore the associations of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and leisure screen time (LST) with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods Genetic variants strongly associated with MVPA or LST with low linkage disequilibrium were selected as instrumental variables from a genome-wide meta-analysis including more than 600 000 individuals. Summary-level data on T2DM were obtained from the DIAbetes Genetics Replication And Meta-analysis consortium including 898 130 individuals. Data on possible intermediates (adiposity indicators, lean mass, glycemic traits, and inflammatory biomarkers) were extracted from large-scale genome-wide association studies (n = 21 758-681 275). Univariable and multivariable MR analyses were performed to estimate the total and direct effects of MVPA and LST on T2DM. Methylation MR analysis was performed for MVPA in relation to diabetes. Results The odds ratio of T2DM was 0.70 (95% CI, 0.55-0.88; P = .002) per unit increase in the log-odds ratio of having MVPA and 1.45 (95% CI, 1.30-1.62; P = 7.62 × 10-11) per SD increase in genetically predicted LST. These associations attenuated in multivariable MR analyses adjusted for genetically predicted waist-to-hip ratio, body mass index, lean mass, and circulating C-reactive protein. The association between genetically predicted MVPA and T2DM attenuated after adjusting for genetically predicted fasting insulin levels. Two physical activity-related methylation biomarkers (cg17332422 in ADAMTS2 and cg09531019) were associated with the risk of T2DM (P < .05). Conclusion The study suggests causal associations of MVPA and LST with T2DM that appear to be mediated by obesity, lean mass, and chronic low-grade inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Yuan
- Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 17165, Sweden
| | - Xue Li
- School of Public Health and the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Qianwen Liu
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 17165, Sweden
| | - Zhe Wang
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Xia Jiang
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 17165, Sweden
| | - Stephen Burgess
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK
| | - Susanna C Larsson
- Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 17165, Sweden
- Unit of Medical Epidemiology, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, 75185, Sweden
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Jiang H, Si M, Tian T, Shi H, Huang N, Chi H, Yang R, Long X, Qiao J. Adiposity and lipid metabolism indicators mediate the adverse effect of glucose metabolism indicators on oogenesis and embryogenesis in PCOS women undergoing IVF/ICSI cycles. Eur J Med Res 2023; 28:216. [PMID: 37400924 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01174-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) women have high incidences of dyslipidemia, obesity, impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), diabetes, and insulin resistance (IR) and are fragile to female infertility. Obesity and dyslipidemia may be the intermediate biological mechanism for the associations between glucose metabolism dysfunction and abnormal oogenesis and embryogenesis. METHODS This retrospective cohort study was performed at a university-affiliated reproductive center. A total of 917 PCOS women aged between 20 and 45 undergoing their first IVF/ICSI embryo transfer cycles from January 2018 to December 2020 were involved. Associations between glucose metabolism indicators, adiposity and lipid metabolism indicators, and IVF/ICSI outcomes were explored using multivariable generalized linear models. Mediation analyses were further performed to examine the potential mediation role of adiposity and lipid metabolism indicators. RESULTS Significant dose-dependent relationships were found between glucose metabolism indicators and IVF/ICSI early reproductive outcomes and between glucose metabolism indicators and adiposity and lipid metabolism indicators (all P < 0.05). Also, we found significant dose-dependent relationships between adiposity and lipid metabolism indicators and IVF/ICSI early reproductive outcomes (all P < 0.05). The mediation analysis indicated that elevated FPG, 2hPG, FPI, 2hPI, HbA1c, and HOMA2-IR were significantly associated with decreased retrieved oocyte count, MII oocyte count, normally fertilized zygote count, normally cleaved embryo count, high-quality embryo count, or blastocyst formation count after controlling for adiposity and lipid metabolism indicators. Serum TG mediated 6.0-31.0% of the associations; serum TC mediated 6.1-10.8% of the associations; serum HDL-C mediated 9.4-43.6% of the associations; serum LDL-C mediated 4.2-18.2% of the associations; and BMI mediated 26.7-97.7% of the associations. CONCLUSIONS Adiposity and lipid metabolism indicators (i.e., serum TG, serum TC, serum HDL-C, serum LDL-C, and BMI) are significant mediators of the effect of glucose metabolism indicators on IVF/ICSI early reproductive outcomes in PCOS women, indicating the importance of preconception glucose and lipid management and the dynamic equilibrium of glucose and lipid metabolism in PCOS women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huahua Jiang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Peking University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Manfei Si
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Peking University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Tian Tian
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Peking University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Huifeng Shi
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Centre for Healthcare Quality Management in Obstetrics, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Huang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Peking University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Hongbin Chi
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Peking University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Yang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Peking University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Long
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.
- Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Peking University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, China.
| | - Jie Qiao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.
- Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Peking University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, Peking University, Beijing, China.
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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Lempesis IG, Georgakopoulou VE. Physiopathological mechanisms related to inflammation in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. World J Exp Med 2023; 13:7-16. [PMID: 37396883 PMCID: PMC10308320 DOI: 10.5493/wjem.v13.i3.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Overweight, obesity, and type 2 diabetes mellitus pose global health problems that are ever-increasing. A chronic low-grade inflammatory status and the presence of various pro-inflammatory markers either in circulation or within dysfunctional metabolic tissues are well established. The presence of these factors can, to some extent, predict disease development and progression. A central role is played by the presence of dysfunctional adipose tissue, liver dysfunction, and skeletal muscle dysfunction, which collectively contribute to the increased circulatory levels of proinflammatory factors. Weight loss and classical metabolic interventions achieve a decrease in many of these factors’ circulating levels, implying that a better understanding of the processes or even the modulation of inflammation may alleviate these diseases. This review suggests that inflammation plays a significant role in the development and progression of these conditions and that measuring inflammatory markers may be useful for assessing disease risk and development of future treatment methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis G Lempesis
- Department of Infectious Diseases-COVID-19 Unit, Laiko General Hospital, Athens 11527, Greece
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Grohmann T, Walker AW, Russell WR, Hoggard N, Zhang X, Horgan G, de Roos B. A grape seed and bilberry extract reduces blood pressure in individuals at risk of developing type 2 diabetes: the PRECISE study, a double-blind placebo-controlled cross-over intervention study. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1139880. [PMID: 37351191 PMCID: PMC10283353 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1139880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a major risk factor for the development of cardiometabolic diseases. T2DM prevention is largely based on weight-loss and whole diet changes, but intervention with dietary plant bioactives may also improve metabolic health. Objective To assess whether supplementation with bilberry and grape seed extract for 12 weeks improves cardiometabolic outcomes in individuals at risk of developing T2DM, and to determine whether individual treatment response is associated with differences in gut microbiota composition and levels of phenolic metabolites in blood and feces. Methods In the randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over PRECISE intervention study, 14 participants, aged ≥45 years, with a BMI >28 kg/m2, and having an increased risk of T2DM, received a supplement containing 250 mg of bilberry plus 300 mg of grape seed extract, or 550 mg of a control extract, per day, for 12 weeks each. Blood samples were obtained for the assessment of HbA1c, fasting glucose, oral glucose tolerance tests, insulin, glucagon levels, total, LDL and HDL cholesterol, and phenolic acids. We also assessed advanced glycation end products in the skin, ambulatory 24 hours blood pressure, 7-day dietary intake by weighed food diaries, fecal levels of phenolic metabolites using LC-MS/MS and gut microbiota composition using 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis. Results The combined bilberry and grape seed extract did not affect glucose and cholesterol outcomes, but it decreased systolic and diastolic ambulatory blood pressure by 4.7 (p < 0.001) and 2.3 (p = 0.0009) mmHg, respectively. Eight out of fourteen participants were identified as blood pressure 'responders'. These responders had higher levels of phenylpropionic and phenyllactic acids in their fecal samples, and a higher proportional abundance of Fusicatenibacter-related bacteria (p < 0.01) in their baseline stool samples. Conclusion Long-term supplementation with bilberry and grape seed extract can improve systolic and diastolic blood pressure in individuals at risk of T2DM. Individual responsiveness was correlated with the presence of certain fecal bacterial strains, and an ability to metabolize (epi)catechin into smaller phenolic metabolites.Clinical trial registry number: Research Registry (number 4084).
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Grohmann
- Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Alan W. Walker
- Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Wendy R. Russell
- Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Nigel Hoggard
- Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | | | - Graham Horgan
- Biomathematics and Statistics Scotland, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Baukje de Roos
- Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom
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Lampousi AM, Löfvenborg JE, Ahlqvist E, Tuomi T, Wolk A, Carlsson S. Antioxidant Nutrients and Risk of Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults and Type 2 Diabetes: A Swedish Case-Control Study and Mendelian Randomization Analysis. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15112546. [PMID: 37299509 DOI: 10.3390/nu15112546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Antioxidant vitamins C and E are inversely associated with type 1 diabetes (T1D). We investigated if antioxidants are also associated with latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA), with low (LADAlow) and high (LADAhigh) autoantibody levels, type 2 diabetes (T2D), and estimates of beta cell function (HOMA-B) and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). We used Swedish case-control data with incident cases of LADA (n = 584) and T2D (n = 1989) and matched population-based controls (n = 2276). Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated per one standard deviation higher beta-carotene, vitamin C, vitamin E, selenium, and zinc intakes. Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses assessed causality between genetically predicted circulating antioxidants and LADA, T1D, and T2D, using summary statistics from genome-wide association studies. Among the antioxidants, vitamins C and E were inversely associated with LADAhigh (OR 0.84, CI 0.73, 0.98 and OR 0.80, CI 0.69, 0.94 respectively), but not with LADAlow or T2D. Vitamin E was also associated with higher HOMA-B and lower HOMA-IR. MR analyses estimated an OR of 0.50 (CI 0.20, 1.25) for the effect of vitamin E on T1D, but did not support causal relationships between antioxidants and either LADA or T2D. In conclusion, vitamin E may have a protective effect on autoimmune diabetes, possibly through preserved beta cell function and less insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Maria Lampousi
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Josefin E Löfvenborg
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Risk and Benefit Assessment, Swedish Food Agency, 751 26 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Emma Ahlqvist
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, 214 28 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Tiinamaija Tuomi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, 214 28 Malmö, Sweden
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM) and Research Programs Unit, Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Endocrinology, Helsinki University Hospital, 00029 Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, 00250 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Alicja Wolk
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sofia Carlsson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
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47
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Yin Q, Yang Q, Shi W, Kahlert UD, Li Z, Lin S, Song Q, Fan W, Wang L, Zhu Y, Huang X. Mendelian Randomization Analyses of Chronic Immune-Mediated Diseases, Circulating Inflammatory Biomarkers, and Cytokines in Relation to Liver Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15112930. [PMID: 37296892 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15112930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is closely linked to chronic inflammation. While observational studies have reported positive associations between extrahepatic immune-mediated diseases and systemic inflammatory biomarkers and liver cancer, the genetic association between these inflammatory traits and liver cancer remains elusive and merits further investigation. We conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis, using inflammatory traits as exposures and liver cancer as the outcome. The genetic summary data of both exposures and outcome were retrieved from previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Four MR methods, including inverse-variance-weighted (IVW), MR-Egger regression, weighted-median, and weighted-mode methods, were employed to examine the genetic association between inflammatory traits and liver cancer. Nine extrahepatic immune-mediated diseases, seven circulating inflammatory biomarkers, and 187 inflammatory cytokines were analyzed in this study. The IVW method suggested that none of the nine immune-mediated diseases were associated with the risk of liver cancer, with odds ratios of 1.08 (95% CI 0.87-1.35) for asthma, 0.98 (95% CI 0.91-1.06) for rheumatoid arthritis, 1.01 (95% CI 0.96-1.07) for type 1 diabetes, 1.01 (95% CI 0.98-1.03) for psoriasis, 0.98 (95% CI 0.89-1.08) for Crohn's disease, 1.02 (95% CI 0.91-1.13) for ulcerative colitis, 0.91 (95% CI 0.74-1.11) for celiac disease, 0.93 (95% CI 0.84-1.05) for multiple sclerosis, and 1.05 (95% CI 0.97-1.13) for systemic lupus erythematosus. Similarly, no significant association was found between circulating inflammatory biomarkers and cytokines and liver cancer after correcting for multiple testing. The findings were consistent across all four MR methods used in this study. Our findings do not support a genetic association between extrahepatic inflammatory traits and liver cancer. However, larger-scale GWAS summary data and more genetic instruments are needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiushi Yin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570100, China
| | - Qiuxi Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570100, China
| | - Wenjie Shi
- Molecular and Experimental Surgery, University Clinic for General-, Visceral-, Vascular- and Trans-Plantation Surgery, Medical Faculty University Hospital Magdeburg, Otto-von Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Ulf D Kahlert
- Molecular and Experimental Surgery, University Clinic for General-, Visceral-, Vascular- and Trans-Plantation Surgery, Medical Faculty University Hospital Magdeburg, Otto-von Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Zhongyi Li
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Shibu Lin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570100, China
| | - Qifeng Song
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570100, China
| | - Weiqiang Fan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570100, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570100, China
| | - Yi Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China
| | - Xiaolong Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570100, China
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48
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Li J, Niu Q, Wu A, Zhang Y, Hong L, Wang H. Causal relationship between circulating immune cells and the risk of type 2 diabetes: a Mendelian randomization study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1210415. [PMID: 37305035 PMCID: PMC10247959 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1210415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Though type 2 diabetes (T2D) has been known as a metabolic disease caused by multiple factors, the etiology remains insufficiently understood. Here, we aimed to figure out whether circulating immune cell profiles causally impact T2D liability. Methods We applied one genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics of blood traits in 563,085 participants from the Blood Cell Consortium and another GWAS of flow cytometric profile of lymphocyte subsets comprising 3,757 Sardinians to identify genetically predicted blood immune cells. We also obtained GWAS summary statistics in 898,130 individuals from the DIAGRAM Consortium to evaluate genetically predicted T2D. We primarily used inverse variance weighted (IVW) and weighted median methods to perform Mendelian randomization analyses and sensitivity analyses to evaluate heterogeneity and pleiotropy. Results For circulating blood leukocyte and its subpopulations, the increase of genetically predicted circulating monocyte count was causally correlated with a higher risk of T2D [odds ratio (OR) = 1.06, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.02-1.10, p = 0.0048]. For lymphocyte subsets, CD8+ T cell and CD4+ CD8dim T cell count were identified with causal effect on T2D susceptibility (CD8+ T cell: OR = 1.09, 95% CI = 1.03-1.17, p = 0.0053; CD4+ CD8dim T cell: OR = 1.04, 95% CI = 1.01-1.08, p = 0.0070). No pleiotropy was determined. Conclusions These findings demonstrated that higher circulating monocyte and T-lymphocyte subpopulation predicted increased T2D susceptibility, which confirmed the immunity predisposition for T2D. Our results may have the potential to provide new therapeutic targets for the diagnosis and treatment of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Hu Wang
- *Correspondence: Hu Wang, ; Liquan Hong,
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49
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Actkins KV, Jean-Pierre G, Aldrich MC, Velez Edwards DR, Davis LK. Sex modifies the effect of genetic risk scores for polycystic ovary syndrome on metabolic phenotypes. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1010764. [PMID: 37256887 PMCID: PMC10259776 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Females with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), the most common endocrine disorder in women, have an increased risk of developing cardiometabolic disorders such as insulin resistance, obesity, and type 2 diabetes (T2D). While only diagnosable in females, males with a family history of PCOS can also exhibit a poor cardiometabolic profile. Therefore, we aimed to elucidate the role of sex in the cardiometabolic comorbidities observed in PCOS by conducting bidirectional genetic risk score analyses in both sexes. We first conducted a phenome-wide association study (PheWAS) using PCOS polygenic risk scores (PCOSPRS) to identify potential pleiotropic effects of PCOSPRS across 1,380 medical conditions recorded in the Vanderbilt University Medical Center electronic health record (EHR) database, in females and males. After adjusting for age and genetic ancestry, we found that European (EUR)-ancestry males with higher PCOSPRS were significantly more likely to develop hypertensive diseases than females at the same level of genetic risk. We performed the same analysis in an African (AFR)-ancestry population, but observed no significant associations, likely due to poor trans-ancestry performance of the PRS. Based on observed significant associations in the EUR-ancestry population, we then tested whether the PRS for comorbid conditions (e.g., T2D, body mass index (BMI), hypertension, etc.) also increased the odds of a PCOS diagnosis. Only BMIPRS and T2DPRS were significantly associated with a PCOS diagnosis in EUR-ancestry females. We then further adjusted the T2DPRS for measured BMI and BMIresidual (regressed on the BMIPRS and enriched for the environmental contribution to BMI). Results demonstrated that genetically regulated BMI primarily accounted for the relationship between T2DPRS and PCOS. Overall, our findings show that the genetic architecture of PCOS has distinct sex differences in associations with genetically correlated cardiometabolic traits. It is possible that the cardiometabolic comorbidities observed in PCOS are primarily explained by their shared genetic risk factors, which can be further influenced by biological variables including sex and BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ky’Era V. Actkins
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Genevieve Jean-Pierre
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Melinda C. Aldrich
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Digna R. Velez Edwards
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Institute of Medicine and Public Health, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Division of Quantitative Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Lea K. Davis
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
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50
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Yuan S, Merino J, Larsson SC. Causal factors underlying diabetes risk informed by Mendelian randomisation analysis: evidence, opportunities and challenges. Diabetologia 2023; 66:800-812. [PMID: 36786839 PMCID: PMC10036461 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-023-05879-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes and its complications cause a heavy disease burden globally. Identifying exposures, risk factors and molecular processes causally associated with the development of diabetes can provide important evidence bases for disease prevention and spur novel therapeutic strategies. Mendelian randomisation (MR), an epidemiological approach that uses genetic instruments to infer causal associations between an exposure and an outcome, can be leveraged to complement evidence from observational and clinical studies. This narrative review aims to summarise the evidence on potential causal risk factors for diabetes by integrating published MR studies on type 1 and 2 diabetes, and to reflect on future perspectives of MR studies on diabetes. Despite the genetic influence on type 1 diabetes, few MR studies have been conducted to identify causal exposures or molecular processes leading to increased disease risk. In type 2 diabetes, MR analyses support causal associations of somatic, mental and lifestyle factors with development of the disease. These studies have also identified biomarkers, some of them derived from the gut microbiota, and molecular processes leading to increased disease risk. These studies provide valuable data to better understand disease pathophysiology and explore potential therapeutic targets. Because genetic association studies have mostly been restricted to participants of European descent, multi-ancestry cohorts are needed to examine the role of different types of physical activity, dietary components, metabolites, protein biomarkers and gut microbiome in diabetes development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Yuan
- Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jordi Merino
- Diabetes Unit and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics, Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Susanna C Larsson
- Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Unit of Medical Epidemiology, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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