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Wasser CR, Werthmann GC, Hall EM, Kuhbandner K, Wong CH, Durakoglugil MS, Herz J. Regulation of the hippocampal translatome by Apoer2-ICD release. Mol Neurodegener 2023; 18:62. [PMID: 37726747 PMCID: PMC10510282 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-023-00652-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND ApoE4, the most significant genetic risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD), sequesters a pro-synaptogenic Reelin receptor, Apoer2, in the endosomal compartment and prevents its normal recycling. In the adult brain, Reelin potentiates excitatory synapses and thereby protects against amyloid-β toxicity. Recently, a gain-of-function mutation in Reelin that is protective against early-onset AD has been described. Alternative splicing of the Apoer2 intracellular domain (Apoer2-ICD) regulates Apoer2 signaling. Splicing of juxtamembraneous exon 16 alters the γ-secretase mediated release of the Apoer2-ICD as well as synapse number and LTP, and inclusion of exon 19 ameliorates behavioral deficits in an AD mouse model. The Apoer2-ICD has also been shown to alter transcription of synaptic genes. However, the role of Apoer2-ICD release upon transcriptional regulation and its role in AD pathogenesis is unknown. METHODS To assess in vivo mRNA-primed ribosomes specifically in hippocampi transduced with Apoer2-ICD splice variants, we crossed wild-type, cKO, and Apoer2 cleavage-resistant mice to a Cre-inducible translating ribosome affinity purification (TRAP) model. This allowed us to perform RNA-Seq on ribosome-loaded mRNA harvested specifically from hippocampal cells transduced with Apoer2-ICDs. RESULTS Across all conditions, we observed ~4,700 altered translating transcripts, several of which comprise key synaptic components such as extracellular matrix and focal adhesions with concomitant perturbation of critical signaling cascades, energy metabolism, translation, and apoptosis. We further demonstrated the ability of the Apoer2-ICD to rescue many of these altered transcripts, underscoring the importance of Apoer2 splicing in synaptic homeostasis. A variety of these altered genes have been implicated in AD, demonstrating how dysregulated Apoer2 splicing may contribute to neurodegeneration. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate how alternative splicing of the APOE and Reelin receptor Apoer2 and release of the Apoer2-ICD regulates numerous translating transcripts in mouse hippocampi in vivo. These transcripts comprise a wide range of functions, and alterations in these transcripts suggest a mechanistic basis for the synaptic deficits seen in Apoer2 mutant mice and AD patients. Our findings, together with the recently reported AD-protective effects of a Reelin gain-of-function mutation in the presence of an early-onset AD mutation in Presenilin-1, implicate the Reelin/Apoer2 pathway as a target for AD therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine R Wasser
- Department of Molecular Genetics, UT Southwestern, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, 75390-9046, USA
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration Research, Department of Molecular Genetics, UT Southwestern, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Gordon C Werthmann
- Department of Molecular Genetics, UT Southwestern, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, 75390-9046, USA
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration Research, Department of Molecular Genetics, UT Southwestern, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Eric M Hall
- Department of Molecular Genetics, UT Southwestern, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, 75390-9046, USA
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration Research, Department of Molecular Genetics, UT Southwestern, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Kristina Kuhbandner
- Department of Molecular Genetics, UT Southwestern, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, 75390-9046, USA
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration Research, Department of Molecular Genetics, UT Southwestern, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Connie H Wong
- Department of Molecular Genetics, UT Southwestern, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, 75390-9046, USA
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration Research, Department of Molecular Genetics, UT Southwestern, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Murat S Durakoglugil
- Department of Molecular Genetics, UT Southwestern, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, 75390-9046, USA
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration Research, Department of Molecular Genetics, UT Southwestern, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Joachim Herz
- Department of Molecular Genetics, UT Southwestern, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, 75390-9046, USA.
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration Research, Department of Molecular Genetics, UT Southwestern, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, UT Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA.
- Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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Wang Y, Sarnowski C, Lin H, Pitsillides AN, Heard-Costa NL, Choi SH, Wang D, Bis JC, Blue EE, Boerwinkle E, De Jager PL, Fornage M, Wijsman EM, Seshadri S, Dupuis J, Peloso GM, DeStefano AL. Key variants via Alzheimer's Disease Sequencing Project whole genome sequence data. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.08.28.23294631. [PMID: 37693453 PMCID: PMC10491364 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.28.23294631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified loci associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) but did not identify specific causal genes or variants within those loci. Analysis of whole genome sequence (WGS) data, which interrogates the entire genome and captures rare variations, may identify causal variants within GWAS loci. METHODS We performed single common variant association analysis and rare variant aggregate analyses in the pooled population (N cases=2,184, N controls=2,383) and targeted analyses in sub-populations using WGS data from the Alzheimer's Disease Sequencing Project (ADSP). The analyses were restricted to variants within 100 kb of 83 previously identified GWAS lead variants. RESULTS Seventeen variants were significantly associated with AD within five genomic regions implicating the genes OARD1/NFYA/TREML1, JAZF1, FERMT2, and SLC24A4. KAT8 was implicated by both single variant and rare variant aggregate analyses. DISCUSSION This study demonstrates the utility of leveraging WGS to gain insights into AD loci identified via GWAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbing Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University, School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chloé Sarnowski
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University, School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Honghuang Lin
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | | | - Nancy L Heard-Costa
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University, School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Seung Hoan Choi
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University, School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dongyu Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University, School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joshua C Bis
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Elizabeth E Blue
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Brotman Baty Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Philip L De Jager
- Center for Translational & Computational Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Myriam Fornage
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ellen M Wijsman
- Div. of Medical Genetics and Dept. Biostatistics Statistical Genetics Lab, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer’s & Neurodegenerative Diseases, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Boston University School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Josée Dupuis
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University, School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, School of Population and Global Health, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Gina M Peloso
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University, School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anita L DeStefano
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University, School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
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Lambert JC, Ramirez A, Grenier-Boley B, Bellenguez C. Step by step: towards a better understanding of the genetic architecture of Alzheimer's disease. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:2716-2727. [PMID: 37131074 PMCID: PMC10615767 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02076-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is considered to have a large genetic component. Our knowledge of this component has progressed over the last 10 years, thanks notably to the advent of genome-wide association studies and the establishment of large consortia that make it possible to analyze hundreds of thousands of cases and controls. The characterization of dozens of chromosomal regions associated with the risk of developing AD and (in some loci) the causal genes responsible for the observed disease signal has confirmed the involvement of major pathophysiological pathways (such as amyloid precursor protein metabolism) and opened up new perspectives (such as the central role of microglia and inflammation). Furthermore, large-scale sequencing projects are starting to reveal the major impact of rare variants - even in genes like APOE - on the AD risk. This increasingly comprehensive knowledge is now being disseminated through translational research; in particular, the development of genetic risk/polygenic risk scores is helping to identify the subpopulations more at risk or less at risk of developing AD. Although it is difficult to assess the efforts still needed to comprehensively characterize the genetic component of AD, several lines of research can be improved or initiated. Ultimately, genetics (in combination with other biomarkers) might help to redefine the boundaries and relationships between various neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Charles Lambert
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-RID-AGE Facteurs de risque et déterminants moléculaires des maladies liées au vieillissement, Lille, France.
| | - Alfredo Ramirez
- Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Neurodegenerative diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Medical Faculty, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Antonio, TX, USA
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Benjamin Grenier-Boley
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-RID-AGE Facteurs de risque et déterminants moléculaires des maladies liées au vieillissement, Lille, France
| | - Céline Bellenguez
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-RID-AGE Facteurs de risque et déterminants moléculaires des maladies liées au vieillissement, Lille, France
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Fabo T, Khavari P. Functional characterization of human genomic variation linked to polygenic diseases. Trends Genet 2023; 39:462-490. [PMID: 36997428 PMCID: PMC11025698 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2023.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
The burden of human disease lies predominantly in polygenic diseases. Since the early 2000s, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified genetic variants and loci associated with complex traits. These have ranged from variants in coding sequences to mutations in regulatory regions, such as promoters and enhancers, as well as mutations affecting mediators of mRNA stability and other downstream regulators, such as 5' and 3'-untranslated regions (UTRs), long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), and miRNA. Recent research advances in genetics have utilized a combination of computational techniques, high-throughput in vitro and in vivo screening modalities, and precise genome editing to impute the function of diverse classes of genetic variants identified through GWAS. In this review, we highlight the vastness of genomic variants associated with polygenic disease risk and address recent advances in how genetic tools can be used to functionally characterize them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Fabo
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Graduate Program in Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Paul Khavari
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Graduate Program in Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
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Padhy B, Kapuganti RS, Hayat B, Mohanty PP, Alone DP. Wide-spread enhancer effect of SNP rs2279590 on regulating epoxide hydrolase-2 and protein tyrosine kinase 2-beta gene expression. Gene 2023; 854:147096. [PMID: 36470481 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.147096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Polymorphisms in the PTK2B-CLU locus have been associated with various neurodegenerative disorders including pseudoexfoliation glaucoma, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. Many of these genomic variants are within enhancer elements and modulate genes associated with the disease pathogenesis. However, mechanisms by which they control the gene expression is unknown. Previously, we have shown that clusterin enhancer element surrounding rs2279590 intronic variant, a risk factor in the pathogenesis of pseudoexfoliation glaucoma modulates gene expression of clusterin (CLU), protein tyrosine kinase 2 beta (PTK2B) and epoxide hydrolase 2 (EPHX2). Here, we explored the mechanism by which rs2279590 enhancer regulates their gene expression through chromosome conformation capture assays. 3C assays revealed a strong enhancer-promoter chromatin interaction between rs2279590 enhancer and promoters of genes CLU, PTK2B and EPHX2 in the HEK293 wild type cells. Moreover, genomic knockout of rs2279590 element significantly decreases the chromatin-chromatin cross-linking frequency suggesting gene regulation at transcriptional level through formation of chromatin loop. In addition, molecular assays showed a significantly decreased expression of EPHX2 but not PTK2B at both mRNA and protein level in the lens capsule of pseudoexfoliation affected patients in comparison to control subjects implying a role of EPHX2 in the pathogenesis of pseudoexfoliation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswajit Padhy
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) Bhubaneswar, P.O. Bhimpur-Padanpur, Jatni, Khurda, Odisha 752050, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Ramani Shyam Kapuganti
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) Bhubaneswar, P.O. Bhimpur-Padanpur, Jatni, Khurda, Odisha 752050, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Bushra Hayat
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) Bhubaneswar, P.O. Bhimpur-Padanpur, Jatni, Khurda, Odisha 752050, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | | | - Debasmita Pankaj Alone
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) Bhubaneswar, P.O. Bhimpur-Padanpur, Jatni, Khurda, Odisha 752050, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India.
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Andrade-Guerrero J, Santiago-Balmaseda A, Jeronimo-Aguilar P, Vargas-Rodríguez I, Cadena-Suárez AR, Sánchez-Garibay C, Pozo-Molina G, Méndez-Catalá CF, Cardenas-Aguayo MDC, Diaz-Cintra S, Pacheco-Herrero M, Luna-Muñoz J, Soto-Rojas LO. Alzheimer's Disease: An Updated Overview of Its Genetics. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043754. [PMID: 36835161 PMCID: PMC9966419 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease in the world. It is classified as familial and sporadic. The dominant familial or autosomal presentation represents 1-5% of the total number of cases. It is categorized as early onset (EOAD; <65 years of age) and presents genetic mutations in presenilin 1 (PSEN1), presenilin 2 (PSEN2), or the Amyloid precursor protein (APP). Sporadic AD represents 95% of the cases and is categorized as late-onset (LOAD), occurring in patients older than 65 years of age. Several risk factors have been identified in sporadic AD; aging is the main one. Nonetheless, multiple genes have been associated with the different neuropathological events involved in LOAD, such as the pathological processing of Amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide and Tau protein, as well as synaptic and mitochondrial dysfunctions, neurovascular alterations, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation, among others. Interestingly, using genome-wide association study (GWAS) technology, many polymorphisms associated with LOAD have been identified. This review aims to analyze the new genetic findings that are closely related to the pathophysiology of AD. Likewise, it analyzes the multiple mutations identified to date through GWAS that are associated with a high or low risk of developing this neurodegeneration. Understanding genetic variability will allow for the identification of early biomarkers and opportune therapeutic targets for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Andrade-Guerrero
- Laboratorio de Patogénesis Molecular, Laboratorio 4, Edificio A4, Carrera Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Edomex, Mexico
- Departamento de Neurobiología del Desarrollo y Neurofisiología, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla 76230, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Alberto Santiago-Balmaseda
- Laboratorio de Patogénesis Molecular, Laboratorio 4, Edificio A4, Carrera Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Edomex, Mexico
- Red MEDICI, Carrera Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Edomex, Mexico
| | - Paola Jeronimo-Aguilar
- Laboratorio de Patogénesis Molecular, Laboratorio 4, Edificio A4, Carrera Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Edomex, Mexico
- Red MEDICI, Carrera Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Edomex, Mexico
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico
| | - Isaac Vargas-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Neurobiología del Desarrollo y Neurofisiología, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla 76230, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Ana Ruth Cadena-Suárez
- National Dementia BioBank, Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad-Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuatitlan 53150, Edomex, Mexico
| | - Carlos Sánchez-Garibay
- Departamento de Neuropatología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Ciudad de México 14269, Mexico
| | - Glustein Pozo-Molina
- Laboratorio de Genética y Oncología Molecular, Laboratorio 5, Edificio A4, Carrera Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Edomex, Mexico
| | - Claudia Fabiola Méndez-Catalá
- Laboratorio de Genética y Oncología Molecular, Laboratorio 5, Edificio A4, Carrera Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Edomex, Mexico
- División de Investigación y Posgrado, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Tlalnepantla 54090, Edomex, Mexico
| | - Maria-del-Carmen Cardenas-Aguayo
- Laboratory of Cellular Reprogramming, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Sofía Diaz-Cintra
- Departamento de Neurobiología del Desarrollo y Neurofisiología, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla 76230, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Mar Pacheco-Herrero
- Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica Madre y Maestra, Santiago de los Caballeros 51000, Dominican Republic
| | - José Luna-Muñoz
- National Dementia BioBank, Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad-Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuatitlan 53150, Edomex, Mexico
- National Brain Bank-UNPHU, Universidad Nacional Pedro Henríquez Ureña, Santo Domingo 1423, Dominican Republic
- Correspondence: (J.L.-M.); (L.O.S.-R.); Tel.: +52-55-45-23-41-20 (J.L.-M.); +52-55-39-37-94-30 (L.O.S.-R.)
| | - Luis O. Soto-Rojas
- Laboratorio de Patogénesis Molecular, Laboratorio 4, Edificio A4, Carrera Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Edomex, Mexico
- Red MEDICI, Carrera Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Edomex, Mexico
- Correspondence: (J.L.-M.); (L.O.S.-R.); Tel.: +52-55-45-23-41-20 (J.L.-M.); +52-55-39-37-94-30 (L.O.S.-R.)
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Elzayat EM, Shahien SA, El-Sherif AA, Hosney M. miRNAs and Stem Cells as Promising Diagnostic and Therapeutic Targets for Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 94:S203-S225. [PMID: 37212107 PMCID: PMC10473110 DOI: 10.3233/jad-221298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a cumulative progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized mainly by impairment in cognitive functions accompanied by memory loss, disturbance in behavior and personality, and difficulties in learning. Although the main causes of AD pathogenesis are not fully understood yet, amyloid-β peptides and tau proteins are supposed to be responsible for AD onset and pathogenesis. Various demographic, genetic, and environmental risk factors are involved in AD onset and pathogenesis such as age, gender, several genes, lipids, malnutrition, and poor diet. Significant changes were observed in microRNA (miRNA) levels between normal and AD cases giving hope for a diagnostic procedure for AD through a simple blood test. As yet, only two classes of AD therapeutic drugs are approved by FDA. They are classified as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonists (NMDA). Unfortunately, they can only treat the symptoms but cannot cure AD or stop its progression. New therapeutic approaches were developed for AD treatment including acitretin due to its ability to cross blood-brain barrier in the brain of rats and mice and induce the expression of ADAM 10 gene, the α-secretase of human amyloid-β protein precursor, stimulating the non-amyloidogenic pathway for amyloid-β protein precursor processing resulting in amyloid-β reduction. Also stem cells may have a crucial role in AD treatment as they can improve cognitive functions and memory in AD rats through regeneration of damaged neurons. This review spotlights on promising diagnostic techniques such as miRNAs and therapeutic approaches such as acitretin and/or stem cells keeping in consideration AD pathogenesis, stages, symptoms, and risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emad M. Elzayat
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Sherif A. Shahien
- Biotechnology/Bimolecular Chemistry Program, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A. El-Sherif
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Hosney
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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Xia W, Gao Z, Jiang X, Jiang L, Qin Y, Zhang D, Tian P, Wang W, Zhang Q, Zhang R, Zhang N, Xu S. Alzheimer's risk factor FERMT2 promotes the progression of colorectal carcinoma via Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and contributes to the negative correlation between Alzheimer and cancer. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0278774. [PMID: 36480537 PMCID: PMC9731493 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence from epidemiological studies indicate that Alzheimer's disease (AD) has a negative relationship with the incidence of cancers. Whether the Alzheimer's genetic risk factor, named as fermitin family homolog-2 (FERMT2), plays a pivotal part in the progressive process of colorectal carcinoma (CRC) yet remains unclear. This study revealed that FERMT2 was upregulated in CRC tissues which predicted an unfavorable outcome of CRC using the PrognoScan web tool. FERMT2 was co-expressed with a variety of genes have been linked with CRC occurrence and implicated in the infiltration of immune cell in CRC tissues. Overexpressing FERMT2 promoted CRC progression with upregulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Knockdown of FERMT2 suppressed the cell multiplication, colony formation rate, migration and invasion, along with the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) with downregulation Wnt/β-catenin proteins in cells of CRC, while overexpressing β-catenin reversed the inhibitory effects of silencing FERMT2 on the migration or invasion of CRC cells. Furthermore, Aβ1-42 treated HT22 cells induced downregulation of FERMT2 and inhibited the migration, invasion and EMT in co-cultured CT26 cells through Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Our results revealed that the downregulated FERMT2 gene during AD is prominently activated in CRC, which promotes its progression via Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhen Xia
- Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Zhaoyu Gao
- Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China,Hebei International Joint Research Center for Brain Science, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China,Hebei Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Psychiatric-Psychologic Disease, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Xia Jiang
- Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China,Key Laboratory for Colorectal Cancer Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China,Hebei International Joint Research Center for Brain Science, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China,Hebei Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Psychiatric-Psychologic Disease, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yushi Qin
- Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Pei Tian
- Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Wanchang Wang
- Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China,Hebei International Joint Research Center for Brain Science, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China,Hebei Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Psychiatric-Psychologic Disease, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China,Hebei International Joint Research Center for Brain Science, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China,Hebei Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Psychiatric-Psychologic Disease, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Shunjiang Xu
- Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China,Hebei International Joint Research Center for Brain Science, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China,Hebei Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Psychiatric-Psychologic Disease, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China,* E-mail:
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9
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Xu J, Mao C, Hou Y, Luo Y, Binder JL, Zhou Y, Bekris LM, Shin J, Hu M, Wang F, Eng C, Oprea TI, Flanagan ME, Pieper AA, Cummings J, Leverenz JB, Cheng F. Interpretable deep learning translation of GWAS and multi-omics findings to identify pathobiology and drug repurposing in Alzheimer's disease. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111717. [PMID: 36450252 PMCID: PMC9837836 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Translating human genetic findings (genome-wide association studies [GWAS]) to pathobiology and therapeutic discovery remains a major challenge for Alzheimer's disease (AD). We present a network topology-based deep learning framework to identify disease-associated genes (NETTAG). We leverage non-coding GWAS loci effects on quantitative trait loci, enhancers and CpG islands, promoter regions, open chromatin, and promoter flanking regions under the protein-protein interactome. Via NETTAG, we identified 156 AD-risk genes enriched in druggable targets. Combining network-based prediction and retrospective case-control observations with 10 million individuals, we identified that usage of four drugs (ibuprofen, gemfibrozil, cholecalciferol, and ceftriaxone) is associated with reduced likelihood of AD incidence. Gemfibrozil (an approved lipid regulator) is significantly associated with 43% reduced risk of AD compared with simvastatin using an active-comparator design (95% confidence interval 0.51-0.63, p < 0.0001). In summary, NETTAG offers a deep learning methodology that utilizes GWAS and multi-genomic findings to identify pathobiology and drug repurposing in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jielin Xu
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Chengsheng Mao
- Division of Health and Biomedical Informatics, Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Yuan Hou
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Yuan Luo
- Division of Health and Biomedical Informatics, Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Jessica L Binder
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Yadi Zhou
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Lynn M Bekris
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Jiyoung Shin
- Division of Health and Biomedical Informatics, Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Ming Hu
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Charis Eng
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Tudor I Oprea
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Margaret E Flanagan
- Department of Pathology and Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Andrew A Pieper
- Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Geriatric Psychiatry, GRECC, Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland 44106, OH, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Jeffrey Cummings
- Chambers-Grundy Center for Transformative Neuroscience, Department of Brain Health, School of Integrated Health Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
| | - James B Leverenz
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Feixiong Cheng
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
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10
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Pfundstein G, Nikonenko AG, Sytnyk V. Amyloid precursor protein (APP) and amyloid β (Aβ) interact with cell adhesion molecules: Implications in Alzheimer’s disease and normal physiology. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:969547. [PMID: 35959488 PMCID: PMC9360506 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.969547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an incurable neurodegenerative disorder in which dysfunction and loss of synapses and neurons lead to cognitive impairment and death. Accumulation and aggregation of neurotoxic amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides generated via amyloidogenic processing of amyloid precursor protein (APP) is considered to play a central role in the disease etiology. APP interacts with cell adhesion molecules, which influence the normal physiological functions of APP, its amyloidogenic and non-amyloidogenic processing, and formation of Aβ aggregates. These cell surface glycoproteins also mediate attachment of Aβ to the neuronal cell surface and induce intracellular signaling contributing to Aβ toxicity. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge surrounding the interactions of cell adhesion molecules with APP and Aβ and analyze the evidence of the critical role these proteins play in regulating the processing and physiological function of APP as well as Aβ toxicity. This is a necessary piece of the complex AD puzzle, which we should understand in order to develop safe and effective therapeutic interventions for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant Pfundstein
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Vladimir Sytnyk
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: Vladimir Sytnyk,
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11
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Bellenguez C, Küçükali F, Jansen IE, Kleineidam L, Moreno-Grau S, Amin N, Naj AC, Campos-Martin R, Grenier-Boley B, Andrade V, Holmans PA, Boland A, Damotte V, van der Lee SJ, Costa MR, Kuulasmaa T, Yang Q, de Rojas I, Bis JC, Yaqub A, Prokic I, Chapuis J, Ahmad S, Giedraitis V, Aarsland D, Garcia-Gonzalez P, Abdelnour C, Alarcón-Martín E, Alcolea D, Alegret M, Alvarez I, Álvarez V, Armstrong NJ, Tsolaki A, Antúnez C, Appollonio I, Arcaro M, Archetti S, Pastor AA, Arosio B, Athanasiu L, Bailly H, Banaj N, Baquero M, Barral S, Beiser A, Pastor AB, Below JE, Benchek P, Benussi L, Berr C, Besse C, Bessi V, Binetti G, Bizarro A, Blesa R, Boada M, Boerwinkle E, Borroni B, Boschi S, Bossù P, Bråthen G, Bressler J, Bresner C, Brodaty H, Brookes KJ, Brusco LI, Buiza-Rueda D, Bûrger K, Burholt V, Bush WS, Calero M, Cantwell LB, Chene G, Chung J, Cuccaro ML, Carracedo Á, Cecchetti R, Cervera-Carles L, Charbonnier C, Chen HH, Chillotti C, Ciccone S, Claassen JAHR, Clark C, Conti E, Corma-Gómez A, Costantini E, Custodero C, Daian D, Dalmasso MC, Daniele A, Dardiotis E, Dartigues JF, de Deyn PP, de Paiva Lopes K, de Witte LD, Debette S, Deckert J, Del Ser T, Denning N, DeStefano A, Dichgans M, Diehl-Schmid J, Diez-Fairen M, Rossi PD, Djurovic S, Duron E, Düzel E, Dufouil C, Eiriksdottir G, Engelborghs S, Escott-Price V, Espinosa A, Ewers M, Faber KM, Fabrizio T, Nielsen SF, Fardo DW, Farotti L, Fenoglio C, Fernández-Fuertes M, Ferrari R, Ferreira CB, Ferri E, Fin B, Fischer P, Fladby T, Fließbach K, Fongang B, Fornage M, Fortea J, Foroud TM, Fostinelli S, Fox NC, Franco-Macías E, Bullido MJ, Frank-García A, Froelich L, Fulton-Howard B, Galimberti D, García-Alberca JM, García-González P, Garcia-Madrona S, Garcia-Ribas G, Ghidoni R, Giegling I, Giorgio G, Goate AM, Goldhardt O, Gomez-Fonseca D, González-Pérez A, Graff C, Grande G, Green E, Grimmer T, Grünblatt E, Grunin M, Gudnason V, Guetta-Baranes T, Haapasalo A, Hadjigeorgiou G, Haines JL, Hamilton-Nelson KL, Hampel H, Hanon O, Hardy J, Hartmann AM, Hausner L, Harwood J, Heilmann-Heimbach S, Helisalmi S, Heneka MT, Hernández I, Herrmann MJ, Hoffmann P, Holmes C, Holstege H, Vilas RH, Hulsman M, Humphrey J, Biessels GJ, Jian X, Johansson C, Jun GR, Kastumata Y, Kauwe J, Kehoe PG, Kilander L, Ståhlbom AK, Kivipelto M, Koivisto A, Kornhuber J, Kosmidis MH, Kukull WA, Kuksa PP, Kunkle BW, Kuzma AB, Lage C, Laukka EJ, Launer L, Lauria A, Lee CY, Lehtisalo J, Lerch O, Lleó A, Longstreth W, Lopez O, de Munain AL, Love S, Löwemark M, Luckcuck L, Lunetta KL, Ma Y, Macías J, MacLeod CA, Maier W, Mangialasche F, Spallazzi M, Marquié M, Marshall R, Martin ER, Montes AM, Rodríguez CM, Masullo C, Mayeux R, Mead S, Mecocci P, Medina M, Meggy A, Mehrabian S, Mendoza S, Menéndez-González M, Mir P, Moebus S, Mol M, Molina-Porcel L, Montrreal L, Morelli L, Moreno F, Morgan K, Mosley T, Nöthen MM, Muchnik C, Mukherjee S, Nacmias B, Ngandu T, Nicolas G, Nordestgaard BG, Olaso R, Orellana A, Orsini M, Ortega G, Padovani A, Paolo C, Papenberg G, Parnetti L, Pasquier F, Pastor P, Peloso G, Pérez-Cordón A, Pérez-Tur J, Pericard P, Peters O, Pijnenburg YAL, Pineda JA, Piñol-Ripoll G, Pisanu C, Polak T, Popp J, Posthuma D, Priller J, Puerta R, Quenez O, Quintela I, Thomassen JQ, Rábano A, Rainero I, Rajabli F, Ramakers I, Real LM, Reinders MJT, Reitz C, Reyes-Dumeyer D, Ridge P, Riedel-Heller S, Riederer P, Roberto N, Rodriguez-Rodriguez E, Rongve A, Allende IR, Rosende-Roca M, Royo JL, Rubino E, Rujescu D, Sáez ME, Sakka P, Saltvedt I, Sanabria Á, Sánchez-Arjona MB, Sanchez-Garcia F, Juan PS, Sánchez-Valle R, Sando SB, Sarnowski C, Satizabal CL, Scamosci M, Scarmeas N, Scarpini E, Scheltens P, Scherbaum N, Scherer M, Schmid M, Schneider A, Schott JM, Selbæk G, Seripa D, Serrano M, Sha J, Shadrin AA, Skrobot O, Slifer S, Snijders GJL, Soininen H, Solfrizzi V, Solomon A, Song Y, Sorbi S, Sotolongo-Grau O, Spalletta G, Spottke A, Squassina A, Stordal E, Tartan JP, Tárraga L, Tesí N, Thalamuthu A, Thomas T, Tosto G, Traykov L, Tremolizzo L, Tybjærg-Hansen A, Uitterlinden A, Ullgren A, Ulstein I, Valero S, Valladares O, Broeckhoven CV, Vance J, Vardarajan BN, van der Lugt A, Dongen JV, van Rooij J, van Swieten J, Vandenberghe R, Verhey F, Vidal JS, Vogelgsang J, Vyhnalek M, Wagner M, Wallon D, Wang LS, Wang R, Weinhold L, Wiltfang J, Windle G, Woods B, Yannakoulia M, Zare H, Zhao Y, Zhang X, Zhu C, Zulaica M, Farrer LA, Psaty BM, Ghanbari M, Raj T, Sachdev P, Mather K, Jessen F, Ikram MA, de Mendonça A, Hort J, Tsolaki M, Pericak-Vance MA, Amouyel P, Williams J, Frikke-Schmidt R, Clarimon J, Deleuze JF, Rossi G, Seshadri S, Andreassen OA, Ingelsson M, Hiltunen M, Sleegers K, Schellenberg GD, van Duijn CM, Sims R, van der Flier WM, Ruiz A, Ramirez A, Lambert JC. New insights into the genetic etiology of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias. Nat Genet 2022; 54:412-436. [PMID: 35379992 PMCID: PMC9005347 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-022-01024-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 812] [Impact Index Per Article: 406.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Characterization of the genetic landscape of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related dementias (ADD) provides a unique opportunity for a better understanding of the associated pathophysiological processes. We performed a two-stage genome-wide association study totaling 111,326 clinically diagnosed/'proxy' AD cases and 677,663 controls. We found 75 risk loci, of which 42 were new at the time of analysis. Pathway enrichment analyses confirmed the involvement of amyloid/tau pathways and highlighted microglia implication. Gene prioritization in the new loci identified 31 genes that were suggestive of new genetically associated processes, including the tumor necrosis factor alpha pathway through the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex. We also built a new genetic risk score associated with the risk of future AD/dementia or progression from mild cognitive impairment to AD/dementia. The improvement in prediction led to a 1.6- to 1.9-fold increase in AD risk from the lowest to the highest decile, in addition to effects of age and the APOE ε4 allele.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Bellenguez
- Université de Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur Lille, U1167-RID-AGE, Facteurs de risque et déterminants moléculaires des maladies liées au vieillissement, Lille, France.
| | - Fahri Küçükali
- Complex Genetics of Alzheimer's Disease Group, VIB Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born - Bunge, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Iris E Jansen
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Luca Kleineidam
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Cologne, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE Bonn), Bonn, Germany
| | - Sonia Moreno-Grau
- Research Center and Memory Clinic Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Najaf Amin
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - Adam C Naj
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rafael Campos-Martin
- Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Cologne, Germany
| | - Benjamin Grenier-Boley
- Université de Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur Lille, U1167-RID-AGE, Facteurs de risque et déterminants moléculaires des maladies liées au vieillissement, Lille, France
| | - Victor Andrade
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Cologne, Germany
| | - Peter A Holmans
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Anne Boland
- CEA, Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | - Vincent Damotte
- Université de Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur Lille, U1167-RID-AGE, Facteurs de risque et déterminants moléculaires des maladies liées au vieillissement, Lille, France
| | - Sven J van der Lee
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Section Genomics of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Aging, Department of Human Genetics Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marcos R Costa
- Université de Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur Lille, U1167-RID-AGE, Facteurs de risque et déterminants moléculaires des maladies liées au vieillissement, Lille, France
- Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Teemu Kuulasmaa
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Qiong Yang
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Itziar de Rojas
- Research Center and Memory Clinic Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joshua C Bis
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Amber Yaqub
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ivana Prokic
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Julien Chapuis
- Université de Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur Lille, U1167-RID-AGE, Facteurs de risque et déterminants moléculaires des maladies liées au vieillissement, Lille, France
| | - Shahzad Ahmad
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- LACDR, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Vilmantas Giedraitis
- Department of Public Health and Carins Sciences/Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Dag Aarsland
- Centre of Age-Related Medicine, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Pablo Garcia-Gonzalez
- Research Center and Memory Clinic Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carla Abdelnour
- Research Center and Memory Clinic Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilio Alarcón-Martín
- Research Center and Memory Clinic Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Surgery, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Daniel Alcolea
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Neurology, II B Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Alegret
- Research Center and Memory Clinic Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Alvarez
- Fundació Docència i Recerca MútuaTerrassa and Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, University Hospital MútuaTerrassa, Terrassa, Spain
- Memory Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, Terrassa, Spain
| | - Victoria Álvarez
- Laboratorio de Genética, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias- Oviedo and Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Nicola J Armstrong
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anthoula Tsolaki
- First Department of Neurology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Alzheimer Hellas, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Carmen Antúnez
- Unidad de Demencias, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Ildebrando Appollonio
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
- Neurology Unit, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Marina Arcaro
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca'Granda, Ospedale Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvana Archetti
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, III Laboratory of Analysis, Brescia Hospital, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alfonso Arias Pastor
- Unitat Trastorns Cognitius, Hospital Universitari Santa Maria de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Biomedica de Lleida (IRBLLeida), Lleida, Spain
| | - Beatrice Arosio
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Geriatic Unit, Fondazione Cà Granda, IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Henri Bailly
- EA 4468, Université de Paris, APHP, Hôpital Broca, Paris, France
| | - Nerisa Banaj
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Miquel Baquero
- Servei de Neurologia, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sandra Barral
- Taub Institute on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Unit of Neurology, University of Parma and AOU, Parma, Italy
- Clinic of Neurology, UH 'Alexandrovska', Medical University - Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Alexa Beiser
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Boston University and the NHLBI's Framingham Heart Study, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ana Belén Pastor
- CIEN Foundation/Queen Sofia Foundation Alzheimer Center, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jennifer E Below
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Penelope Benchek
- Cleveland Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Luisa Benussi
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Claudine Berr
- Neuropsychiatry: Epidemiological and Clinical Research, PSNREC, Université de Montpellier, INSERM U1061, Montpellier, France
| | - Céline Besse
- CEA, Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | - Valentina Bessi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Giuliano Binetti
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
- MAC - Memory Clinic, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Rafael Blesa
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Neurology, II B Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercè Boada
- Research Center and Memory Clinic Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Barbara Borroni
- Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Silvia Boschi
- Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Paola Bossù
- Experimental Neuro-psychobiology Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Geir Bråthen
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, University Hospital of Trondheim, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jan Bressler
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Catherine Bresner
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Henry Brodaty
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Dementia Centre for Research Collaboration, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Keeley J Brookes
- Biosciences, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Luis Ignacio Brusco
- Centro de Neuropsiquiatría y Neurología de la Conducta (CENECON), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), C.A.B.A., Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento Ciencias Fisiológicas UAII, Facultad de Medicina, UBA, C.A.B.A., Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Hospital Interzonal General de Agudos Eva Perón, San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Dolores Buiza-Rueda
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Katharina Bûrger
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig Maximilians Universität (LMU), Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE, Munich), Munich, Germany
| | - Vanessa Burholt
- Faculty of Medical & Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Wales Centre for Ageing & Dementia Research, Swansea University, Wales, New Zealand
| | - William S Bush
- Department of Population & Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Miguel Calero
- Research Center and Memory Clinic Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- CIEN Foundation/Queen Sofia Foundation Alzheimer Center, Madrid, Spain
- UFIEC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura B Cantwell
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Geneviève Chene
- INSERM, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219, ISPED, CIC 1401-EC, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- Pole Santé Publique, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jaeyoon Chung
- Medicine Biomedical Genetics Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael L Cuccaro
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Ángel Carracedo
- Grupo de Medicina Xenómica, Centro Nacional de Genotipado (CEGEN-PRB3-ISCIII), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica- CIBERER-IDIS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Roberta Cecchetti
- Institute of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Laura Cervera-Carles
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Neurology, II B Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Camille Charbonnier
- Department of Genetics and CNR-MAJ, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1245, CHU Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - Hung-Hsin Chen
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Caterina Chillotti
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Simona Ciccone
- Geriatic Unit, Fondazione Cà Granda, IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Jurgen A H R Claassen
- Radboudumc Alzheimer Center, Department of Geriatrics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Christopher Clark
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zürich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Elisa Conti
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Anaïs Corma-Gómez
- Unidad Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología, Hospital Universitario de Valme, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Emanuele Costantini
- Department of Neuroscience, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Delphine Daian
- CEA, Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | - Maria Carolina Dalmasso
- Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Cologne, Germany
| | - Antonio Daniele
- Department of Neuroscience, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Peter Paul de Deyn
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Katia de Paiva Lopes
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences & Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Estelle and Daniel Maggin Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lot D de Witte
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stéphanie Debette
- Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, University Bordeaux, INSERM, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jürgen Deckert
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Center of Mental Health, University Hospital, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Teodoro Del Ser
- CIEN Foundation/Queen Sofia Foundation Alzheimer Center, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nicola Denning
- UKDRI@ Cardiff, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Anita DeStefano
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martin Dichgans
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig Maximilians Universität (LMU), Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Janine Diehl-Schmid
- Klinikum rechts der Isar, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Mónica Diez-Fairen
- Fundació Docència i Recerca MútuaTerrassa and Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, University Hospital MútuaTerrassa, Terrassa, Spain
- Memory Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, Terrassa, Spain
| | - Paolo Dionigi Rossi
- Geriatic Unit, Fondazione Cà Granda, IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Emmanuelle Duron
- EA 4468, Université de Paris, APHP, Hôpital Broca, Paris, France
| | - Emrah Düzel
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-Von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Carole Dufouil
- INSERM, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219, ISPED, CIC 1401-EC, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- Pole Santé Publique, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Sebastiaan Engelborghs
- Center for Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Neurology, UZ Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Valentina Escott-Price
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- UKDRI@ Cardiff, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Ana Espinosa
- Research Center and Memory Clinic Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Michael Ewers
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig Maximilians Universität (LMU), Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE, Munich), Munich, Germany
| | - Kelley M Faber
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | | | - David W Fardo
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, Department of Biostatistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Lucia Farotti
- Centre for Memory Disturbances, Lab of Clinical Neurochemistry, Section of Neurology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Marta Fernández-Fuertes
- Unidad Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología, Hospital Universitario de Valme, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Raffaele Ferrari
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Reta Lila Weston Research Laboratories, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | | | - Evelyn Ferri
- Geriatic Unit, Fondazione Cà Granda, IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Bertrand Fin
- CEA, Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | - Peter Fischer
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Medicine Center East- Donauspital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tormod Fladby
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Klaus Fließbach
- Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Cologne, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE Bonn), Bonn, Germany
| | - Bernard Fongang
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Myriam Fornage
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Juan Fortea
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Neurology, II B Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tatiana M Foroud
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Silvia Fostinelli
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Nick C Fox
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Emlio Franco-Macías
- Unidad de Demencias, Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología. Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - María J Bullido
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria 'Hospital la Paz' (IdIPaz), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (UAM-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Frank-García
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria 'Hospital la Paz' (IdIPaz), Madrid, Spain
- Hospital Universitario la Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lutz Froelich
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Central Institute for Mental Health, Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Brian Fulton-Howard
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniela Galimberti
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca'Granda, Ospedale Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Jose Maria García-Alberca
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Alzheimer Research Center & Memory Clinic, Andalusian Institute for Neuroscience, Málaga, Spain
| | - Pablo García-González
- Research Center and Memory Clinic Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Roberta Ghidoni
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Ina Giegling
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Giaccone Giorgio
- Fondazione IRCCS, Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Alison M Goate
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Oliver Goldhardt
- Klinikum rechts der Isar, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Duber Gomez-Fonseca
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Caroline Graff
- Center for Alzheimer Research, Department NVS, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Unit for Hereditary Dementias, Karolinska University Hospital-Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Giulia Grande
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emma Green
- Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Timo Grimmer
- Klinikum rechts der Isar, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Edna Grünblatt
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michelle Grunin
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart Association, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Tamar Guetta-Baranes
- Human Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Life Sciences Building, University Park, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Annakaisa Haapasalo
- AI Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Jonathan L Haines
- Department of Population & Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Harald Hampel
- GRC 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine Initiative (APMI), Sorbonne University, AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Hanon
- EA 4468, Université de Paris, APHP, Hôpital Broca, Paris, France
| | - John Hardy
- Reta Lila Weston Research Laboratories, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Annette M Hartmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lucrezia Hausner
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Central Institute for Mental Health, Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Janet Harwood
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Stefanie Heilmann-Heimbach
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Seppo Helisalmi
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Neurology, University of Eastern, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Michael T Heneka
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE Bonn), Bonn, Germany
| | - Isabel Hernández
- Research Center and Memory Clinic Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Martin J Herrmann
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Center of Mental Health, University Hospital, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Per Hoffmann
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Clive Holmes
- Clinical and Experimental Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Henne Holstege
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Section Genomics of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Aging, Department of Human Genetics Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Raquel Huerto Vilas
- Unitat Trastorns Cognitius, Hospital Universitari Santa Maria de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Biomedica de Lleida (IRBLLeida), Lleida, Spain
| | - Marc Hulsman
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Section Genomics of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Aging, Department of Human Genetics Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jack Humphrey
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences & Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Estelle and Daniel Maggin Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience & Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Geert Jan Biessels
- Department of Neurology, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Xueqiu Jian
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Charlotte Johansson
- Center for Alzheimer Research, Department NVS, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gyungah R Jun
- Medicine Biomedical Genetics Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yuriko Kastumata
- Biostatistics, University of Kentucky College of Public Health, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - John Kauwe
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Patrick G Kehoe
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Lena Kilander
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anne Kinhult Ståhlbom
- Center for Alzheimer Research, Department NVS, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Miia Kivipelto
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Neuroepidemiology and Ageing Research Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Research & Development, UnitStockholms Sjukhem, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anne Koivisto
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Neurology, University of Eastern, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Helsinki and Department of Geriatrics, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, and Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mary H Kosmidis
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Walter A Kukull
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Pavel P Kuksa
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Brian W Kunkle
- Department of Neurology, Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Amanda B Kuzma
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Carmen Lage
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Neurology Service, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital (University of Cantabria and IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
| | - Erika J Laukka
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Stockholm Gerontology Research Center, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lenore Launer
- Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute of Aging, The National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Intramural Research Program/National Institute on Aging/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alessandra Lauria
- Geriatrics Unit, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Chien-Yueh Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jenni Lehtisalo
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Neurology, University of Eastern, Kuopio, Finland
- Public Health Promotion Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ondrej Lerch
- Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Praha, Czechia
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Alberto Lleó
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Neurology, II B Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - William Longstreth
- Departments of Neurology and Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Adolfo Lopez de Munain
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Donostia, OSAKIDETZA-Servicio Vasco de Salud, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Seth Love
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Malin Löwemark
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lauren Luckcuck
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Kathryn L Lunetta
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Yiyi Ma
- Section Genomics of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Aging, Department of Human Genetics Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Juan Macías
- Unidad Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología, Hospital Universitario de Valme, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Wolfgang Maier
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE Bonn), Bonn, Germany
| | - Francesca Mangialasche
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marco Spallazzi
- Unit of Neurology, University of Parma and AOU, Parma, Italy
| | - Marta Marquié
- Research Center and Memory Clinic Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rachel Marshall
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Eden R Martin
- The John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Angel Martín Montes
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria 'Hospital la Paz' (IdIPaz), Madrid, Spain
- Hospital Universitario la Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Martínez Rodríguez
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias- Oviedo and Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Carlo Masullo
- Institute of Neurology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Richard Mayeux
- Taub Institute on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Simon Mead
- MRC Prion Unit at UCL, UCL Institute of Prion Diseases, London, UK
| | - Patrizia Mecocci
- Institute of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Miguel Medina
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- CIEN Foundation/Queen Sofia Foundation Alzheimer Center, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alun Meggy
- UKDRI@ Cardiff, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Shima Mehrabian
- Clinic of Neurology, UH 'Alexandrovska', Medical University - Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Silvia Mendoza
- Alzheimer Research Center & Memory Clinic, Andalusian Institute for Neuroscience, Málaga, Spain
| | - Manuel Menéndez-González
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias- Oviedo and Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Pablo Mir
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento, Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología. Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Susanne Moebus
- Institute for Urban Public Health, University Hospital of University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Merel Mol
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Laura Molina-Porcel
- Neurological Tissue Bank of the Biobanc-Hospital Clinic-IDIBAPS, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Montrreal
- Research Center and Memory Clinic Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Morelli
- Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegeneration, FIL-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fermin Moreno
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Donostia, OSAKIDETZA-Servicio Vasco de Salud, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Kevin Morgan
- Human Genetics, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Thomas Mosley
- Memory Impairment and Neurodegenerative Dementia (MIND) Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Markus M Nöthen
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Carolina Muchnik
- Centro de Neuropsiquiatría y Neurología de la Conducta (CENECON), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), C.A.B.A., Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas A. Lanari, UBA, C.A.B.A, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Benedetta Nacmias
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Florence, Italy
| | - Tiia Ngandu
- Public Health Promotion Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Gael Nicolas
- Department of Genetics and CNR-MAJ, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1245, CHU Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - Børge G Nordestgaard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Robert Olaso
- CEA, Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | - Adelina Orellana
- Research Center and Memory Clinic Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Michela Orsini
- Department of Neuroscience, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Gemma Ortega
- Research Center and Memory Clinic Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alessandro Padovani
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Goran Papenberg
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lucilla Parnetti
- Centre for Memory Disturbances, Lab of Clinical Neurochemistry, Section of Neurology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Florence Pasquier
- Resources and Research Memory Center (MRRC) of Distalz, LicendUniversity of Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, UMR1172, Lille, France
| | - Pau Pastor
- Fundació Docència i Recerca MútuaTerrassa and Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, University Hospital MútuaTerrassa, Terrassa, Spain
- Memory Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, Terrassa, Spain
| | - Gina Peloso
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Boston University and the NHLBI's Framingham Heart Study, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alba Pérez-Cordón
- Research Center and Memory Clinic Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Pérez-Tur
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina de València-CSIC CIBERNED, València, Spain
- Unitat Mixta de de Neurología y Genética, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària La Fe, València, Spain
| | - Pierre Pericard
- US 41-UMS 2014-PLBS, bilille, Université de Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Oliver Peters
- Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
| | - Yolande A L Pijnenburg
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Juan A Pineda
- Unidad Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología, Hospital Universitario de Valme, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Gerard Piñol-Ripoll
- Unitat Trastorns Cognitius, Hospital Universitari Santa Maria de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Biomedica de Lleida (IRBLLeida), Lleida, Spain
| | - Claudia Pisanu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Thomas Polak
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Center of Mental Health, University Hospital, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Julius Popp
- CHUV, Old Age Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Old Age Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Danielle Posthuma
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Josef Priller
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Neuropsychiatry and Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Charité, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, Germany
| | - Raquel Puerta
- Research Center and Memory Clinic Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Olivier Quenez
- Department of Genetics and CNR-MAJ, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1245, CHU Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - Inés Quintela
- Grupo de Medicina Xenómica, Centro Nacional de Genotipado (CEGEN-PRB3-ISCIII), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | - Alberto Rábano
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- CIEN Foundation/Queen Sofia Foundation Alzheimer Center, Madrid, Spain
| | - Innocenzo Rainero
- Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Farid Rajabli
- The John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Inez Ramakers
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuropsychologie, Maastricht University, Alzheimer Center Limburg, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Luis M Real
- Unidad Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología, Hospital Universitario de Valme, Sevilla, Spain
- Depatamento de Especialidades Quirúrgicas Bioquímica e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Marcel J T Reinders
- Delft Bioinformatics Lab, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Christiane Reitz
- Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Delft Bioinformatics Lab, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands
- Taub Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dolly Reyes-Dumeyer
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Taub Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Perry Ridge
- Bioinformatics, College of Life Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Steffi Riedel-Heller
- Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter Riederer
- Center of Mental Health, Clinic and Policlinic of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Würzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Natalia Roberto
- Research Center and Memory Clinic Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eloy Rodriguez-Rodriguez
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Neurology Service, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital (University of Cantabria and IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
| | - Arvid Rongve
- Department of Research and Innovation, Helse Fonna, Haugesund Hospital, Haugesund, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine (K1), The University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Irene Rosas Allende
- Laboratorio de Genética, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias- Oviedo and Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Maitée Rosende-Roca
- Research Center and Memory Clinic Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Royo
- Departamento de Especialidades Quirúrgicas, Bioquímicas e Inmunología, School of Medicine, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Elisa Rubino
- Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Dan Rujescu
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Paraskevi Sakka
- Athens Association of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders, Athens, Greece
| | - Ingvild Saltvedt
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, University Hospital of Trondheim, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Geriatrics, St. Olav's Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ángela Sanabria
- Research Center and Memory Clinic Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Bernal Sánchez-Arjona
- Unidad de Demencias, Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología. Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Florentino Sanchez-Garcia
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario Doctor Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Pascual Sánchez Juan
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Neurology Service, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital (University of Cantabria and IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
| | - Raquel Sánchez-Valle
- Neurology Department-Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sigrid B Sando
- Experimental Neuro-psychobiology Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, University Hospital of Trondheim, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Chloé Sarnowski
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Claudia L Satizabal
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Michela Scamosci
- Institute of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Nikolaos Scarmeas
- Taub Institute on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- First Department of Neurology, Aiginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Elio Scarpini
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca'Granda, Ospedale Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Philip Scheltens
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Norbert Scherbaum
- LVR-Hospital Essen, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Martin Scherer
- Department of Primary Medical Care, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Schmid
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE Bonn), Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Anja Schneider
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE Bonn), Bonn, Germany
| | - Jonathan M Schott
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Geir Selbæk
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Davide Seripa
- Laboratory for Advanced Hematological Diagnostics, Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplant, Vito Fazzi Hospital, Lecce, Italy
| | - Manuel Serrano
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, CIBERDEM, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jin Sha
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Olivia Skrobot
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Susan Slifer
- The John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Gijsje J L Snijders
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hilkka Soininen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Neurology, University of Eastern, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Alina Solomon
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Neurology, University of Eastern, Kuopio, Finland
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yeunjoo Song
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Sandro Sorbi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Florence, Italy
| | - Oscar Sotolongo-Grau
- Research Center and Memory Clinic Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gianfranco Spalletta
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Annika Spottke
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE Bonn), Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Alessio Squassina
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | | | - Juan Pablo Tartan
- Research Center and Memory Clinic Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lluís Tárraga
- Research Center and Memory Clinic Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Niccolo Tesí
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Section Genomics of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Aging, Department of Human Genetics Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anbupalam Thalamuthu
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tegos Thomas
- First Department of Neurology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Alzheimer Hellas, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Giuseppe Tosto
- Taub Institute on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Latchezar Traykov
- Clinic of Neurology, UH 'Alexandrovska', Medical University - Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Lucio Tremolizzo
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
- Neurology Unit, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Anne Tybjærg-Hansen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andre Uitterlinden
- Department of Internal Medicine and Biostatistics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Abbe Ullgren
- Center for Alzheimer Research, Department NVS, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ingun Ulstein
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sergi Valero
- Research Center and Memory Clinic Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Otto Valladares
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Christine Van Broeckhoven
- Complex Genetics of Alzheimer's Disease Group, VIB Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born - Bunge, Antwerp, Belgium
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, VIB Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jeffery Vance
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Badri N Vardarajan
- Taub Institute on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Jasper Van Dongen
- Complex Genetics of Alzheimer's Disease Group, VIB Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born - Bunge, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jeroen van Rooij
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, ErasmusMC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Rik Vandenberghe
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Neurology Department, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Frans Verhey
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuropsychologie, Maastricht University, Alzheimer Center Limburg, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Jonathan Vogelgsang
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Martin Vyhnalek
- Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Praha, Czechia
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Michael Wagner
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE Bonn), Bonn, Germany
| | - David Wallon
- Department of Neurology and CNR-MAJ, F 76000, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1245, CHU Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - Li-San Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ruiqi Wang
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Leonie Weinhold
- Institute of Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Goettingen, Germany
- Medical Science Department, iBiMED, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Gill Windle
- School of Health Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, UK
| | - Bob Woods
- School of Health Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, UK
| | - Mary Yannakoulia
- Department of Nutrition and Diatetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Habil Zare
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Yi Zhao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Congcong Zhu
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Miren Zulaica
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Neurosciences Area, Instituto Biodonostia, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Lindsay A Farrer
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Medicine Biomedical Genetics Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bruce M Psaty
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Health Service, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mohsen Ghanbari
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Towfique Raj
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences & Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Estelle and Daniel Maggin Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience & Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Perminder Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Karen Mather
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Frank Jessen
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE Bonn), Bonn, Germany
| | - M Arfan Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Jakub Hort
- Intramural Research Program/National Institute on Aging/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Praha, Czechia
| | - Magda Tsolaki
- First Department of Neurology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Alzheimer Hellas, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Philippe Amouyel
- Université de Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur Lille, U1167-RID-AGE, Facteurs de risque et déterminants moléculaires des maladies liées au vieillissement, Lille, France
| | - Julie Williams
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- UKDRI@ Cardiff, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Ruth Frikke-Schmidt
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jordi Clarimon
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Neurology, II B Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jean-François Deleuze
- CEA, Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | - Giacomina Rossi
- Fondazione IRCCS, Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | | | - Martin Ingelsson
- Department of Public Health and Carins Sciences/Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mikko Hiltunen
- Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Kristel Sleegers
- Complex Genetics of Alzheimer's Disease Group, VIB Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born - Bunge, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Gerard D Schellenberg
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Cornelia M van Duijn
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - Rebecca Sims
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Wiesje M van der Flier
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Agustín Ruiz
- Research Center and Memory Clinic Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfredo Ramirez
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Cologne, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE Bonn), Bonn, Germany
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jean-Charles Lambert
- Université de Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur Lille, U1167-RID-AGE, Facteurs de risque et déterminants moléculaires des maladies liées au vieillissement, Lille, France.
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Eysert F, Coulon A, Boscher E, Vreulx AC, Flaig A, Mendes T, Hughes S, Grenier-Boley B, Hanoulle X, Demiautte F, Bauer C, Marttinen M, Takalo M, Amouyel P, Desai S, Pike I, Hiltunen M, Chécler F, Farinelli M, Delay C, Malmanche N, Hébert SS, Dumont J, Kilinc D, Lambert JC, Chapuis J. Alzheimer's genetic risk factor FERMT2 (Kindlin-2) controls axonal growth and synaptic plasticity in an APP-dependent manner. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:5592-5607. [PMID: 33144711 PMCID: PMC8758496 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-00926-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Although APP metabolism is being intensively investigated, a large fraction of its modulators is yet to be characterized. In this context, we combined two genome-wide high-content screenings to assess the functional impact of miRNAs and genes on APP metabolism and the signaling pathways involved. This approach highlighted the involvement of FERMT2 (or Kindlin-2), a genetic risk factor of Alzheimer's disease (AD), as a potential key modulator of axon guidance, a neuronal process that depends on the regulation of APP metabolism. We found that FERMT2 directly interacts with APP to modulate its metabolism, and that FERMT2 underexpression impacts axonal growth, synaptic connectivity, and long-term potentiation in an APP-dependent manner. Last, the rs7143400-T allele, which is associated with an increased AD risk and localized within the 3'UTR of FERMT2, induced a downregulation of FERMT2 expression through binding of miR-4504 among others. This miRNA is mainly expressed in neurons and significantly overexpressed in AD brains compared to controls. Altogether, our data provide strong evidence for a detrimental effect of FERMT2 underexpression in neurons and insight into how this may influence AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Eysert
- Université de Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-RID-AGE-Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies Liées au Vieillissement, Lille, 59019, France
| | - Audrey Coulon
- Université de Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-RID-AGE-Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies Liées au Vieillissement, Lille, 59019, France
| | - Emmanuelle Boscher
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, CHUL, Axe Neurosciences, Québec City, QC, Canada
- Faculté de Médecine, Département de Psychiatrie et de Neurosciences, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Anaїs-Camille Vreulx
- Université de Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-RID-AGE-Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies Liées au Vieillissement, Lille, 59019, France
| | - Amandine Flaig
- Université de Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-RID-AGE-Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies Liées au Vieillissement, Lille, 59019, France
| | - Tiago Mendes
- Université de Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-RID-AGE-Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies Liées au Vieillissement, Lille, 59019, France
| | - Sandrine Hughes
- E-Phy-Science, Bioparc de Sophia Antipolis, 2400 route des Colles, Biot, 06410, France
| | - Benjamin Grenier-Boley
- Université de Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-RID-AGE-Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies Liées au Vieillissement, Lille, 59019, France
| | - Xavier Hanoulle
- Université de Lille, CNRS, UMR8576-Labex DISTALZ, Villeneuve d'Ascq, 59655, France
| | - Florie Demiautte
- Université de Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-RID-AGE-Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies Liées au Vieillissement, Lille, 59019, France
| | - Charlotte Bauer
- Université Côte d'Azur, Inserm, CNRS, IPMC, DistAlz Laboratory of Excellence, Valbonne, France
| | - Mikael Marttinen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mari Takalo
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Philippe Amouyel
- Université de Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-RID-AGE-Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies Liées au Vieillissement, Lille, 59019, France
| | - Shruti Desai
- Université de Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-RID-AGE-Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies Liées au Vieillissement, Lille, 59019, France
| | - Ian Pike
- Proteome Sciences plc, Hamilton House, London, WC1H 9BB, UK
| | - Mikko Hiltunen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Frédéric Chécler
- Université Côte d'Azur, Inserm, CNRS, IPMC, DistAlz Laboratory of Excellence, Valbonne, France
| | - Mélissa Farinelli
- E-Phy-Science, Bioparc de Sophia Antipolis, 2400 route des Colles, Biot, 06410, France
| | - Charlotte Delay
- Université de Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-RID-AGE-Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies Liées au Vieillissement, Lille, 59019, France
| | - Nicolas Malmanche
- Université de Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-RID-AGE-Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies Liées au Vieillissement, Lille, 59019, France
| | - Sébastien S Hébert
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, CHUL, Axe Neurosciences, Québec City, QC, Canada
- Faculté de Médecine, Département de Psychiatrie et de Neurosciences, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Julie Dumont
- Université de Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-RID-AGE-Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies Liées au Vieillissement, Lille, 59019, France
| | - Devrim Kilinc
- Université de Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-RID-AGE-Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies Liées au Vieillissement, Lille, 59019, France
| | - Jean-Charles Lambert
- Université de Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-RID-AGE-Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies Liées au Vieillissement, Lille, 59019, France
| | - Julien Chapuis
- Université de Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-RID-AGE-Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies Liées au Vieillissement, Lille, 59019, France.
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14
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Qiu S, Palavicini JP, Wang J, Gonzalez NS, He S, Dustin E, Zou C, Ding L, Bhattacharjee A, Van Skike CE, Galvan V, Dupree JL, Han X. Adult-onset CNS myelin sulfatide deficiency is sufficient to cause Alzheimer's disease-like neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment. Mol Neurodegener 2021; 16:64. [PMID: 34526055 PMCID: PMC8442347 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-021-00488-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human genetic association studies point to immune response and lipid metabolism, in addition to amyloid-beta (Aβ) and tau, as major pathways in Alzheimer's disease (AD) etiology. Accumulating evidence suggests that chronic neuroinflammation, mainly mediated by microglia and astrocytes, plays a causative role in neurodegeneration in AD. Our group and others have reported early and dramatic losses of brain sulfatide in AD cases and animal models that are mediated by ApoE in an isoform-dependent manner and accelerated by Aβ accumulation. To date, it remains unclear if changes in specific brain lipids are sufficient to drive AD-related pathology. METHODS To study the consequences of CNS sulfatide deficiency and gain insights into the underlying mechanisms, we developed a novel mouse model of adult-onset myelin sulfatide deficiency, i.e., tamoxifen-inducible myelinating glia-specific cerebroside sulfotransferase (CST) conditional knockout mice (CSTfl/fl/Plp1-CreERT), took advantage of constitutive CST knockout mice (CST-/-), and generated CST/ApoE double knockout mice (CST-/-/ApoE-/-), and assessed these mice using a broad range of methodologies including lipidomics, RNA profiling, behavioral testing, PLX3397-mediated microglia depletion, mass spectrometry (MS) imaging, immunofluorescence, electron microscopy, and Western blot. RESULTS We found that mild central nervous system (CNS) sulfatide losses within myelinating cells are sufficient to activate disease-associated microglia and astrocytes, and to increase the expression of AD risk genes (e.g., Apoe, Trem2, Cd33, and Mmp12), as well as previously established causal regulators of the immune/microglia network in late-onset AD (e.g., Tyrobp, Dock, and Fcerg1), leading to chronic AD-like neuroinflammation and mild cognitive impairment. Notably, neuroinflammation and mild cognitive impairment showed gender differences, being more pronounced in females than males. Subsequent mechanistic studies demonstrated that although CNS sulfatide losses led to ApoE upregulation, genetically-induced myelin sulfatide deficiency led to neuroinflammation independently of ApoE. These results, together with our previous studies (sulfatide deficiency in the context of AD is mediated by ApoE and accelerated by Aβ accumulation) placed both Aβ and ApoE upstream of sulfatide deficiency-induced neuroinflammation, and suggested a positive feedback loop where sulfatide losses may be amplified by increased ApoE expression. We also demonstrated that CNS sulfatide deficiency-induced astrogliosis and ApoE upregulation are not secondary to microgliosis, and that astrogliosis and microgliosis seem to be driven by activation of STAT3 and PU.1/Spi1 transcription factors, respectively. CONCLUSION Our results strongly suggest that sulfatide deficiency is an important contributor and driver of neuroinflammation and mild cognitive impairment in AD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulan Qiu
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 4939 Charles Katz Drive, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Juan Pablo Palavicini
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 4939 Charles Katz Drive, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Jianing Wang
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 4939 Charles Katz Drive, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
- Present Address: State Key Lab. of Environmental & Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hongkong, China
| | - Nancy S Gonzalez
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 4939 Charles Katz Drive, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Sijia He
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 4939 Charles Katz Drive, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Elizabeth Dustin
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, 23284, USA
| | - Cheng Zou
- BRC Bioinformatics Facility, Institute of Biotechnology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Lin Ding
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 4939 Charles Katz Drive, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Anindita Bhattacharjee
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 4939 Charles Katz Drive, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Candice E Van Skike
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 4939 Charles Katz Drive, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Veronica Galvan
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 4939 Charles Katz Drive, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Dupree
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, 23284, USA
- Research Division, McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia, 23249, USA
| | - Xianlin Han
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 4939 Charles Katz Drive, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA.
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA.
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15
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Wang P, Ye Y. Astrocytes in Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Perspective from Tauopathy and α-Synucleinopathy. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11090938. [PMID: 34575087 PMCID: PMC8471224 DOI: 10.3390/life11090938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are aging-associated chronic pathological conditions affecting primarily neurons in humans. Inclusion bodies containing misfolded proteins have emerged as a common pathologic feature for these diseases. In many cases, misfolded proteins produced by a neuron can be transmitted to another neuron or a non-neuronal cell, leading to the propagation of disease-associated pathology. While undergoing intercellular transmission, misfolded proteins released from donor cells can often change the physiological state of recipient cells. Accumulating evidence suggests that astrocytes are highly sensitive to neuron-originated proteotoxic insults, which convert them into an active inflammatory state. Conversely, activated astrocytes can release a plethora of factors to impact neuronal functions. This review summarizes our current understanding of the complex molecular interplays between astrocyte and neuron, emphasizing on Tau and α-synuclein (α-syn), the disease-driving proteins for Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yihong Ye
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-301-594-0845; Fax: +1-301-496-0201
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16
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Xu P, Chang JC, Zhou X, Wang W, Bamkole M, Wong E, Bettayeb K, Jiang LL, Huang T, Luo W, Xu H, Nairn AC, Flajolet M, Ip NY, Li YM, Greengard P. GSAP regulates lipid homeostasis and mitochondrial function associated with Alzheimer's disease. J Exp Med 2021; 218:e20202446. [PMID: 34156424 PMCID: PMC8222926 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20202446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Biochemical, pathogenic, and human genetic data confirm that GSAP (γ-secretase activating protein), a selective γ-secretase modulatory protein, plays important roles in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Down's syndrome. However, the molecular mechanism(s) underlying GSAP-dependent pathogenesis remains largely elusive. Here, through unbiased proteomics and single-nuclei RNAseq, we identified that GSAP regulates multiple biological pathways, including protein phosphorylation, trafficking, lipid metabolism, and mitochondrial function. We demonstrated that GSAP physically interacts with the Fe65-APP complex to regulate APP trafficking/partitioning. GSAP is enriched in the mitochondria-associated membrane (MAM) and regulates lipid homeostasis through the amyloidogenic processing of APP. GSAP deletion generates a lipid environment unfavorable for AD pathogenesis, leading to improved mitochondrial function and the rescue of cognitive deficits in an AD mouse model. Finally, we identified a novel GSAP single-nucleotide polymorphism that regulates its brain transcript level and is associated with an increased AD risk. Together, our findings indicate that GSAP impairs mitochondrial function through its MAM localization and that lowering GSAP expression reduces pathological effects associated with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xu
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Jerry C. Chang
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Xiaopu Zhou
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong Science and Technology Parks, Hong Kong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Disease, and Drug Development, Shenzhen–Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Michael Bamkole
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Eitan Wong
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Karima Bettayeb
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Lu-Lin Jiang
- Neuroscience Initiative, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Timothy Huang
- Neuroscience Initiative, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Wenjie Luo
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Huaxi Xu
- Neuroscience Initiative, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Angus C. Nairn
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT
| | - Marc Flajolet
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Nancy Y. Ip
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong Science and Technology Parks, Hong Kong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Disease, and Drug Development, Shenzhen–Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yue-Ming Li
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Program of Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University, New York, NY
| | - Paul Greengard
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
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17
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Plasma lipidome is dysregulated in Alzheimer's disease and is associated with disease risk genes. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:344. [PMID: 34092785 PMCID: PMC8180517 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01362-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipidomics research could provide insights of pathobiological mechanisms in Alzheimer's disease. This study explores a battery of plasma lipids that can differentiate Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients from healthy controls and determines whether lipid profiles correlate with genetic risk for AD. AD plasma samples were collected from the Sydney Memory and Ageing Study (MAS) Sydney, Australia (aged range 75-97 years; 51.2% male). Untargeted lipidomics analysis was performed by liquid chromatography coupled-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). We found that several lipid species from nine lipid classes, particularly sphingomyelins (SMs), cholesterol esters (ChEs), phosphatidylcholines (PCs), phosphatidylethanolamines (PIs), phosphatidylinositols (PIs), and triglycerides (TGs) are dysregulated in AD patients and may help discriminate them from healthy controls. However, when the lipid species were grouped together into lipid subgroups, only the DG group was significantly higher in AD. ChEs, SMs, and TGs resulted in good classification accuracy using the Glmnet algorithm (elastic net penalization for the generalized linear model [glm]) with more than 80% AUC. In general, group lipids and the lipid subclasses LPC and PE had less classification accuracy compared to the other subclasses. We also found significant increases in SMs, PIs, and the LPE/PE ratio in human U251 astroglioma cell lines exposed to pathophysiological concentrations of oligomeric Aβ42. This suggests that oligomeric Aβ42 plays a contributory, if not causal role, in mediating changes in lipid profiles in AD that can be detected in the periphery. In addition, we evaluated the association of plasma lipid profiles with AD-related single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and polygenic risk scores (PRS) of AD. We found that FERMT2 and MS4A6A showed a significantly differential association with lipids in all lipid classes across disease and control groups. ABCA7 had a differential association with more than half of the DG lipids (52.63%) and PI lipids (57.14%), respectively. Additionally, 43.4% of lipids in the SM class were differentially associated with CLU. More than 30% of lipids in ChE, PE, and TG classes had differential associations with separate genes (ChE-PICALM, SLC24A4, and SORL1; PE-CLU and CR1; TG-BINI) between AD and control group. These data may provide renewed insights into the pathobiology of AD and the feasibility of identifying individuals with greater AD risk.
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18
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Functional brain defects in a mouse model of a chromosomal t(1;11) translocation that disrupts DISC1 and confers increased risk of psychiatric illness. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:135. [PMID: 33608504 PMCID: PMC7895946 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01256-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A balanced t(1;11) translocation that directly disrupts DISC1 is linked to schizophrenia and affective disorders. We previously showed that a mutant mouse, named Der1, recapitulates the effect of the translocation upon DISC1 expression. Here, RNAseq analysis of Der1 mouse brain tissue found enrichment for dysregulation of the same genes and molecular pathways as in neuron cultures generated previously from human t(1;11) translocation carriers via the induced pluripotent stem cell route. DISC1 disruption therefore apparently accounts for a substantial proportion of the effects of the t(1;11) translocation. RNAseq and pathway analysis of the mutant mouse predicts multiple Der1-induced alterations converging upon synapse function and plasticity. Synaptosome proteomics confirmed that the Der1 mutation impacts synapse composition, and electrophysiology found reduced AMPA:NMDA ratio in hippocampal neurons, indicating changed excitatory signalling. Moreover, hippocampal parvalbumin-positive interneuron density is increased, suggesting that the Der1 mutation affects inhibitory control of neuronal circuits. These phenotypes predict that neurotransmission is impacted at many levels by DISC1 disruption in human t(1;11) translocation carriers. Notably, genes implicated in schizophrenia, depression and bipolar disorder by large-scale genetic studies are enriched among the Der1-dysregulated genes, just as we previously observed for the t(1;11) translocation carrier-derived neurons. Furthermore, RNAseq analysis predicts that the Der1 mutation primarily targets a subset of cell types, pyramidal neurons and interneurons, previously shown to be vulnerable to the effects of common schizophrenia-associated genetic variants. In conclusion, DISC1 disruption by the t(1;11) translocation may contribute to the psychiatric disorders of translocation carriers through commonly affected pathways and processes in neurotransmission.
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19
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Femminella GD, Harold D, Scott J, Williams J, Edison P. The Differential Influence of Immune, Endocytotic, and Lipid Metabolism Genes on Amyloid Deposition and Neurodegeneration in Subjects at Risk of Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 79:127-139. [PMID: 33216025 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over 20 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are associated with increased risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We categorized these loci into immunity, lipid metabolism, and endocytosis pathways, and associated the polygenic risk scores (PRS) calculated, with AD biomarkers in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) subjects. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to identify associations between pathway-specific PRS and AD biomarkers in patients with MCI and healthy controls. METHODS AD biomarkers ([18F]Florbetapir-PET SUVR, FDG-PET SUVR, hippocampal volume, CSF tau and amyloid-β levels) and neurocognitive tests scores were obtained in 258 healthy controls and 451 MCI subjects from the ADNI dataset at baseline and at 24-month follow up. Pathway-related (immunity, lipid metabolism, and endocytosis) and total polygenic risk scores were calculated from 20 SNPs. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to test predictive value of the polygenic risk scores over longitudinal biomarker and cognitive changes. RESULTS Higher immune risk score was associated with worse cognitive measures and reduced glucose metabolism. Higher lipid risk score was associated with increased amyloid deposition and cortical hypometabolism. Total, immune, and lipid scores were associated with significant changes in cognitive measures, amyloid deposition, and brain metabolism. CONCLUSION Polygenic risk scores highlights the influence of specific genes on amyloid-dependent and independent pathways; and these pathways could be differentially influenced by lipid and immune scores respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - James Scott
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Julie Williams
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Edison
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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20
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Ristori E, Cicaloni V, Salvini L, Tinti L, Tinti C, Simons M, Corti F, Donnini S, Ziche M. Amyloid-β Precursor Protein APP Down-Regulation Alters Actin Cytoskeleton-Interacting Proteins in Endothelial Cells. Cells 2020; 9:cells9112506. [PMID: 33228083 PMCID: PMC7699411 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The amyloid-β precursor protein (APP) is a ubiquitous membrane protein often associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). Despite its role in the development of the pathogenesis, APP exerts several physiological roles that have been mainly investigated in neuronal tissue. To date, the role of APP in vasculature and endothelial cells has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we used molecular and proteomic approaches to identify and investigate major cellular targets of APP down-regulation in endothelial cells. We found that APP is necessary for endothelial cells proliferation, migration and adhesion. The loss of APP alters focal adhesion stability and cell-cell junctions' expression. Moreover, APP is necessary to mediate endothelial response to the VEGF-A growth factor. Finally, we document that APP propagates exogenous stimuli and mediates cellular response in endothelial cells by modulating the Scr/FAK signaling pathway. Thus, the intact expression and processing of APP is required for normal endothelial function. The identification of molecular mechanisms responsible for vasoprotective properties of endothelial APP may have an impact on clinical efforts to preserve and protect healthy vasculature in patients at risk of the development of cerebrovascular disease and dementia including AD and CAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Ristori
- Department of Life Science, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy;
- Toscana Life Sciences Foundation, 53100 Siena, Italy; (V.C.); (L.S.); (L.T.); (C.T.)
| | - Vittoria Cicaloni
- Toscana Life Sciences Foundation, 53100 Siena, Italy; (V.C.); (L.S.); (L.T.); (C.T.)
| | - Laura Salvini
- Toscana Life Sciences Foundation, 53100 Siena, Italy; (V.C.); (L.S.); (L.T.); (C.T.)
| | - Laura Tinti
- Toscana Life Sciences Foundation, 53100 Siena, Italy; (V.C.); (L.S.); (L.T.); (C.T.)
| | - Cristina Tinti
- Toscana Life Sciences Foundation, 53100 Siena, Italy; (V.C.); (L.S.); (L.T.); (C.T.)
| | - Michael Simons
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; (M.S.); (F.C.)
- Departments of Medicine (Cardiology) and Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Federico Corti
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; (M.S.); (F.C.)
| | - Sandra Donnini
- Department of Life Science, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy;
- Toscana Life Sciences Foundation, 53100 Siena, Italy; (V.C.); (L.S.); (L.T.); (C.T.)
- Correspondence: (S.D.); (M.Z.); Tel.: +39-0577-235382 (S.D.)
| | - Marina Ziche
- Toscana Life Sciences Foundation, 53100 Siena, Italy; (V.C.); (L.S.); (L.T.); (C.T.)
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Correspondence: (S.D.); (M.Z.); Tel.: +39-0577-235382 (S.D.)
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21
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Kilinc D, Vreulx AC, Mendes T, Flaig A, Marques-Coelho D, Verschoore M, Demiautte F, Amouyel P, Eysert F, Dourlen P, Chapuis J, Costa MR, Malmanche N, Checler F, Lambert JC. Pyk2 overexpression in postsynaptic neurons blocks amyloid β 1-42-induced synaptotoxicity in microfluidic co-cultures. Brain Commun 2020; 2:fcaa139. [PMID: 33718872 PMCID: PMC7941669 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcaa139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent meta-analyses of genome-wide association studies identified a number of genetic risk factors of Alzheimer's disease; however, little is known about the mechanisms by which they contribute to the pathological process. As synapse loss is observed at the earliest stage of Alzheimer's disease, deciphering the impact of Alzheimer's risk genes on synapse formation and maintenance is of great interest. In this article, we report a microfluidic co-culture device that physically isolates synapses from pre- and postsynaptic neurons and chronically exposes them to toxic amyloid β peptides secreted by model cell lines overexpressing wild-type or mutated (V717I) amyloid precursor protein. Co-culture with cells overexpressing mutated amyloid precursor protein exposed the synapses of primary hippocampal neurons to amyloid β1-42 molecules at nanomolar concentrations and induced a significant decrease in synaptic connectivity, as evidenced by distance-based assignment of postsynaptic puncta to presynaptic puncta. Treating the cells with antibodies that target different forms of amyloid β suggested that low molecular weight oligomers are the likely culprit. As proof of concept, we demonstrate that overexpression of protein tyrosine kinase 2 beta-an Alzheimer's disease genetic risk factor involved in synaptic plasticity and shown to decrease in Alzheimer's disease brains at gene expression and protein levels-selectively in postsynaptic neurons is protective against amyloid β1-42-induced synaptotoxicity. In summary, our lab-on-a-chip device provides a physiologically relevant model of Alzheimer's disease-related synaptotoxicity, optimal for assessing the impact of risk genes in pre- and postsynaptic compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devrim Kilinc
- Université de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, CHU Lille, INSERM U1167, LabEx DISTALZ, Lille 59019, France
| | - Anaïs-Camille Vreulx
- Université de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, CHU Lille, INSERM U1167, LabEx DISTALZ, Lille 59019, France
| | - Tiago Mendes
- Université de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, CHU Lille, INSERM U1167, LabEx DISTALZ, Lille 59019, France
| | - Amandine Flaig
- Université de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, CHU Lille, INSERM U1167, LabEx DISTALZ, Lille 59019, France
| | - Diego Marques-Coelho
- Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59056-450, Brazil
| | - Maxime Verschoore
- Université de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, CHU Lille, INSERM U1167, LabEx DISTALZ, Lille 59019, France
| | - Florie Demiautte
- Université de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, CHU Lille, INSERM U1167, LabEx DISTALZ, Lille 59019, France
| | - Philippe Amouyel
- Université de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, CHU Lille, INSERM U1167, LabEx DISTALZ, Lille 59019, France
| | | | - Fanny Eysert
- Université de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, CHU Lille, INSERM U1167, LabEx DISTALZ, Lille 59019, France
| | - Pierre Dourlen
- Université de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, CHU Lille, INSERM U1167, LabEx DISTALZ, Lille 59019, France
| | - Julien Chapuis
- Université de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, CHU Lille, INSERM U1167, LabEx DISTALZ, Lille 59019, France
| | - Marcos R Costa
- Université de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, CHU Lille, INSERM U1167, LabEx DISTALZ, Lille 59019, France
| | - Nicolas Malmanche
- Université de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, CHU Lille, INSERM U1167, LabEx DISTALZ, Lille 59019, France
| | - Frédéric Checler
- CNRS UMR7275 Laboratory of Excellence "Distalz", IPMC, Université Côte d'Azur, Inserm, Valbonne 06560, France
| | - Jean-Charles Lambert
- Université de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, CHU Lille, INSERM U1167, LabEx DISTALZ, Lille 59019, France
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22
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Boscher E, Husson T, Quenez O, Laquerrière A, Marguet F, Cassinari K, Wallon D, Martinaud O, Charbonnier C, Nicolas G, Deleuze JF, Boland A, Lathrop M, Frébourg T, Campion D, Hébert SS, Rovelet-Lecrux A. Copy Number Variants in miR-138 as a Potential Risk Factor for Early-Onset Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 68:1243-1255. [PMID: 30909216 DOI: 10.3233/jad-180940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Early-onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD) accounts for 5-10% of all AD cases, with a heritability ranging between 92% to 100%. With the exception of rare mutations in APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2 genes causing autosomal dominant EOAD, little is known about the genetic factors underlying most of the EOAD cases. In this study, we hypothesized that copy number variations (CNVs) in microRNA (miR) genes could contribute to risk for EOAD. miRs are short non-coding RNAs previously implicated in the regulation of AD-related genes and phenotypes. Using whole exome sequencing, we screened a series of 546 EOAD patients negative for autosomal dominant EOAD mutations and 597 controls. We identified 86 CNVs in miR genes of which 31 were exclusive to EOAD cases, including a duplication of the MIR138-2 locus. In functional studies in human cultured cells, we could demonstrate that miR-138 overexpression leads to higher Aβ production as well as tau phosphorylation, both implicated in AD pathophysiology. These changes were mediated in part by GSK-3β and FERMT2, a potential risk factor for AD. Additional disease-related genes were also prone to miR-138 regulation including APP and BACE1. This study suggests that increased gene dosage of MIR138-2 could contribute to risk for EOAD by regulating different biological pathways implicated in amyloid and tau metabolism. Additional studies are now required to better understand the role of miR-CNVs in EOAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Boscher
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, CHUL, Axe Neurosciences, Québec, Canada.,Faculté de médecine, Département de psychiatrie et de neurosciences, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Thomas Husson
- Department of Genetics and CNR-MAJ, Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Rouen University Hospital, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - Olivier Quenez
- Department of Genetics and CNR-MAJ, Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Rouen University Hospital, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - Annie Laquerrière
- Department of Pathology, Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Florent Marguet
- Department of Pathology, Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Kevin Cassinari
- Department of Genetics and CNR-MAJ, Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Rouen University Hospital, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - David Wallon
- Department of Neurology and CNR-MAJ, Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Rouen University Hospital, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - Olivier Martinaud
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine, Caen, France
| | - Camille Charbonnier
- Department of Genetics and CNR-MAJ, Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Rouen University Hospital, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - Gaël Nicolas
- Department of Genetics and CNR-MAJ, Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Rouen University Hospital, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - Jean-François Deleuze
- Centre National de recherche en Génomique Humaine, Institut de Génomique, CEA, Evry, France
| | - Anne Boland
- Centre National de recherche en Génomique Humaine, Institut de Génomique, CEA, Evry, France
| | - Mark Lathrop
- McGill University and Génome Québec Innovation Centre, Montréal, Canada
| | - Thierry Frébourg
- Department of Genetics and CNR-MAJ, Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Rouen University Hospital, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | | | - Dominique Campion
- Department of Genetics and CNR-MAJ, Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Rouen University Hospital, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - Sébastien S Hébert
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, CHUL, Axe Neurosciences, Québec, Canada.,Faculté de médecine, Département de psychiatrie et de neurosciences, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Anne Rovelet-Lecrux
- Department of Genetics and CNR-MAJ, Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Rouen University Hospital, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
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23
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Fan CC, Banks SJ, Thompson WK, Chen CH, McEvoy LK, Tan CH, Kukull W, Bennett DA, Farrer LA, Mayeux R, Schellenberg GD, Andreassen OA, Desikan R, Dale AM. Sex-dependent autosomal effects on clinical progression of Alzheimer's disease. Brain 2020; 143:2272-2280. [PMID: 32591829 PMCID: PMC7364740 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awaa164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex differences in the manifestations of Alzheimer's disease are under intense investigation. Despite the emerging importance of polygenic predictions for Alzheimer's disease, sex-dependent polygenic effects have not been demonstrated. Here, using a sex crossover analysis, we show that sex-dependent autosomal genetic effects on Alzheimer's disease can be revealed by characterizing disease progress via the hazard function. We first performed sex-stratified genome-wide associations, and then applied derived sex-dependent weights to two independent cohorts. Relative to sex-mismatched scores, sex-matched polygenic hazard scores showed significantly stronger associations with age-at-disease-onset, clinical progression, amyloid deposition, neurofibrillary tangles, and composite neuropathological scores, independent of apolipoprotein E. Models without using hazard weights, i.e. polygenic risk scores, showed lower predictive power than polygenic hazard scores with no evidence for sex differences. Our results indicate that revealing sex-dependent genetic architecture requires the consideration of temporal processes of Alzheimer's disease. This has strong implications not only for the genetic underpinning of Alzheimer's disease but also for how we estimate sex-dependent polygenic effects for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Chieh Fan
- Center for Human Development, University of California, San Diego, USA
| | - Sarah J Banks
- Department of Neuroscience, University of California, San Diego, USA
| | - Wesley K Thompson
- Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, USA
| | - Chi-Hua Chen
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, USA
| | - Linda K McEvoy
- Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, USA
| | - Chin Hong Tan
- Department of Psychology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Walter Kukull
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - David A Bennett
- Department of Neurological Science, Rush Medical College, Chicago, USA
| | | | - Richard Mayeux
- Department of Neurology and the Taub Institute at Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Gerard D Schellenberg
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rahul Desikan
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Anders M Dale
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, USA
- Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California, San Diego, USA
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24
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Artero-Castro A, Rodriguez-Jimenez FJ, Jendelova P, VanderWall KB, Meyer JS, Erceg S. Glaucoma as a Neurodegenerative Disease Caused by Intrinsic Vulnerability Factors. Prog Neurobiol 2020; 193:101817. [PMID: 32360241 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2020.101817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Glaucoma, one of the most common causes of blindness in developing countries today, involves a progressive loss of neural cells in the optic nerve that leads to progressive, irreversible vision loss. Increased intraocular pressure (IOP) presents as a major risk factor for glaucoma, although there exist cases of glaucoma patients with normal IOP that exhibit damage to retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and the optic nerve. However, treatment approaches have maintained their focus on modifying IOP due to a lack of other modifiable risks factors. Traditional concepts in glaucoma involve the neuronal environment and external effects as a source of causative factors; however, studies have yet to investigate whether the molecular profile of RGCs in glaucoma patients makes them more vulnerable and/or susceptible to external damage. Our hypothesis states that molecular changes at the whole cell, gene expression, and electrophysiological level of the neurons can contribute to their degeneration. Herein, we briefly describe different types of glaucoma and any similarities to different molecular and cellular features of neurodegeneration. To test our hypothesis, we describe human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) as a reliable cellular tool to model neurodegenerative aspects of glaucoma to reveal the multiple pathological molecular mechanisms underlying disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Artero-Castro
- Stem Cells Therapies in Neurodegenerative Diseases Lab, Research Center "Principe Felipe", Valencia, Spain.
| | | | - Pavla Jendelova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Department of Neuroregeneration, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Kirstin B VanderWall
- Department of Biology, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| | - Jason S Meyer
- Department of Biology, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| | - Slaven Erceg
- Stem Cells Therapies in Neurodegenerative Diseases Lab, Research Center "Principe Felipe", Valencia, Spain; National Stem Cell Bank-Valencia Node, Platform for Proteomics, Genotyping and Cell Lines, PRB3,ISCIII, Research Center "Principe Felipe", Valencia, Spain; Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Department of Neuroregeneration, Prague, Czech Republic.
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25
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Bellenguez C, Grenier-Boley B, Lambert JC. Genetics of Alzheimer’s disease: where we are, and where we are going. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2020; 61:40-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2019.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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26
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Sullivan SE, Liao M, Smith RV, White C, Lagomarsino VN, Xu J, Taga M, Bennett DA, De Jager PL, Young-Pearse TL. Candidate-based screening via gene modulation in human neurons and astrocytes implicates FERMT2 in Aβ and TAU proteostasis. Hum Mol Genet 2020; 28:718-735. [PMID: 30371777 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Large-scale 'omic' studies investigating the pathophysiological processes that lead to Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia have identified an increasing number of susceptibility genes, many of which are poorly characterized and have not previously been implicated in AD. Here, we evaluated the utility of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons and astrocytes as tools to systematically test AD-relevant cellular phenotypes following perturbation of candidate genes identified by genome-wide studies. Lentiviral-mediated delivery of shRNAs was used to modulate expression of 66 genes in astrocytes and 52 genes in induced neurons. Five genes (CNN2, GBA, GSTP1, MINT2 and FERMT2) in neurons and nine genes (CNN2, ITGB1, MINT2, SORL1, VLDLR, NPC1, NPC2, PSAP and SCARB2) in astrocytes significantly altered extracellular amyloid-β (Aβ) levels. Knockdown of AP3M2, CNN2, GSTP1, NPC1, NPC2, PSAP and SORL1 reduced interleukin-6 levels in astrocytes. Only knockdown of FERMT2 led to a reduction in the proportion of TAU that is phosphorylated. Further, CRISPR-Cas9 targeting of FERMT2 in both familial AD (fAD) and fAD-corrected human neurons validated the findings of reduced extracellular Aβ. Interestingly, FERMT2 reduction had no effect on the Aβ42:40 ratio in corrected neurons and a reduction of phospho-tau, but resulted in an elevation in Aβ42:40 ratio and no reduction in phospho-tau in fAD neurons. Taken together, this study has prioritized 15 genes as being involved in contributing to Aβ accumulation, phosphorylation of tau and/or cytokine secretion, and, as illustrated with FERMT2, it sets the stage for further cell-type-specific dissection of the role of these genes in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Sullivan
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Meichen Liao
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert V Smith
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Charles White
- Center for Translational and Computational Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Valentina N Lagomarsino
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jishu Xu
- Cell Circuits Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mariko Taga
- Center for Translational and Computational Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Philip L De Jager
- Cell Circuits Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Center for Translational and Computational Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tracy L Young-Pearse
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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27
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28
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Yan Y, Zhao A, Qui Y, Li Y, Yan R, Wang Y, Xu W, Deng Y. Genetic Association of FERMT2, HLA-DRB1, CD2AP, and PTK2B Polymorphisms With Alzheimer's Disease Risk in the Southern Chinese Population. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:16. [PMID: 32116649 PMCID: PMC7010721 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to explore the relationship between 18 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) within the southern Chinese population. Methods A total of 420 participants, consisting of 215 AD patients and 205 sex- and age-matched controls, were recruited. The SNaPshot technique and polymer chain reaction (PCR) were used to detect the 18 SNPs. Combined with the apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele and age at onset, we performed an association analysis between these SNPs and AD susceptibility. Furthermore, we analyzed SNP-associated gene expression using the expression quantitative trait loci analysis. Results Our study found that rs17125924 of FERMT2 was associated with the risk of developing AD in the dominant (P = 0.022, odds ratio [OR] = 1.57, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.07–2.32) and overdominant (P = 0.005, OR = 1.76, 95% CI: 1.18–2.61) models. Moreover, compared with APOE ε4 non-carriers, the frequency of the G-allele at rs17125924 was significantly higher among AD patients in APOE ε4 allele carriers (P = 0.029). The rs9271058 of HLA-DRB1 (dominant, overdominant, and additive models), rs9473117 of CD2AP (dominant and additive models), and rs73223431 of PTK2B (dominant, overdominant, and additive models) were associated with early onset AD (EOAD). Using the genotype-tissue expression (GTEx) and Braineac database, we found a significant association between rs9271058 genotypes and HLA-DRB1 expression levels, while the CC genotype at rs9473117 and the TT genotype of rs73223431 increased CD2AP and PTK2B gene expression, respectively. Conclusion Our study identifies the G-allele at rs17125924 as a risk factor for developing AD, especially in APOE ε4 carriers. In addition, we found that rs9271058 of HLA-DRB1, rs9473117 of CD2AP, and rs73223431 of PTK2B were associated with EOAD. Further studies with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yan
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Aonan Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinghui Qui
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ran Yan
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yulei Deng
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Luwan Branch, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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29
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Sartori M, Mendes T, Desai S, Lasorsa A, Herledan A, Malmanche N, Mäkinen P, Marttinen M, Malki I, Chapuis J, Flaig A, Vreulx AC, Ciancia M, Amouyel P, Leroux F, Déprez B, Cantrelle FX, Maréchal D, Pradier L, Hiltunen M, Landrieu I, Kilinc D, Herault Y, Laporte J, Lambert JC. BIN1 recovers tauopathy-induced long-term memory deficits in mice and interacts with Tau through Thr 348 phosphorylation. Acta Neuropathol 2019; 138:631-652. [PMID: 31065832 PMCID: PMC6778065 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-019-02017-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The bridging integrator 1 gene (BIN1) is a major genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this report, we investigated how BIN1-dependent pathophysiological processes might be associated with Tau. We first generated a cohort of control and transgenic mice either overexpressing human MAPT (TgMAPT) or both human MAPT and BIN1 (TgMAPT;TgBIN1), which we followed-up from 3 to 15 months. In TgMAPT;TgBIN1 mice short-term memory deficits appeared earlier than in TgMAPT mice; however-unlike TgMAPT mice-TgMAPT;TgBIN1 mice did not exhibit any long-term or spatial memory deficits for at least 15 months. After killing the cohort at 18 months, immunohistochemistry revealed that BIN1 overexpression prevents both Tau mislocalization and somatic inclusion in the hippocampus, where an increase in BIN1-Tau interaction was also observed. We then sought mechanisms controlling the BIN1-Tau interaction. We developed a high-content screening approach to characterize modulators of the BIN1-Tau interaction in an agnostic way (1,126 compounds targeting multiple pathways), and we identified-among others-an inhibitor of calcineurin, a Ser/Thr phosphatase. We determined that calcineurin dephosphorylates BIN1 on a cyclin-dependent kinase phosphorylation site at T348, promoting the open conformation of the neuronal BIN1 isoform. Phosphorylation of this site increases the availability of the BIN1 SH3 domain for Tau interaction, as demonstrated by nuclear magnetic resonance experiments and in primary neurons. Finally, we observed that although the levels of the neuronal BIN1 isoform were unchanged in AD brains, phospho-BIN1(T348):BIN1 ratio was increased, suggesting a compensatory mechanism. In conclusion, our data support the idea that BIN1 modulates the AD risk through an intricate regulation of its interaction with Tau. Alteration in BIN1 expression or activity may disrupt this regulatory balance with Tau and have direct effects on learning and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Sartori
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404, Illkirch, France
- INSERM U1258, Illkirch, France
- CNRS UMR7104, Illkirch, France
- Strasbourg University, Illkirch, France
| | - Tiago Mendes
- INSERM U1167, RID-AGE: Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Institut Pasteur de Lille, 1 rue du Pr. Calmette, 59019, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- University of Lille, DISTALZ Laboratory of Excellence (LabEx), Lille, France
- SANOFI Neuroscience Therapeutic Area, Chilly-Mazarin, France
| | - Shruti Desai
- INSERM U1167, RID-AGE: Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Institut Pasteur de Lille, 1 rue du Pr. Calmette, 59019, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- University of Lille, DISTALZ Laboratory of Excellence (LabEx), Lille, France
| | - Alessia Lasorsa
- University of Lille, DISTALZ Laboratory of Excellence (LabEx), Lille, France
- CNRS UMR8576, Lille, France
| | - Adrien Herledan
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- University of Lille, EGID, Lille, France
- INSERM U1177, Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, Lille, France
| | - Nicolas Malmanche
- INSERM U1167, RID-AGE: Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Institut Pasteur de Lille, 1 rue du Pr. Calmette, 59019, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- University of Lille, DISTALZ Laboratory of Excellence (LabEx), Lille, France
| | - Petra Mäkinen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mikael Marttinen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Idir Malki
- University of Lille, DISTALZ Laboratory of Excellence (LabEx), Lille, France
- CNRS UMR8576, Lille, France
| | - Julien Chapuis
- INSERM U1167, RID-AGE: Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Institut Pasteur de Lille, 1 rue du Pr. Calmette, 59019, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- University of Lille, DISTALZ Laboratory of Excellence (LabEx), Lille, France
| | - Amandine Flaig
- INSERM U1167, RID-AGE: Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Institut Pasteur de Lille, 1 rue du Pr. Calmette, 59019, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- University of Lille, DISTALZ Laboratory of Excellence (LabEx), Lille, France
| | - Anaïs-Camille Vreulx
- INSERM U1167, RID-AGE: Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Institut Pasteur de Lille, 1 rue du Pr. Calmette, 59019, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- University of Lille, DISTALZ Laboratory of Excellence (LabEx), Lille, France
| | - Marion Ciancia
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404, Illkirch, France
- INSERM U1258, Illkirch, France
- CNRS UMR7104, Illkirch, France
- Strasbourg University, Illkirch, France
| | - Philippe Amouyel
- INSERM U1167, RID-AGE: Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Institut Pasteur de Lille, 1 rue du Pr. Calmette, 59019, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- University of Lille, DISTALZ Laboratory of Excellence (LabEx), Lille, France
| | - Florence Leroux
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- University of Lille, EGID, Lille, France
- INSERM U1177, Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, Lille, France
| | - Benoit Déprez
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- University of Lille, EGID, Lille, France
- INSERM U1177, Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, Lille, France
| | - François-Xavier Cantrelle
- University of Lille, DISTALZ Laboratory of Excellence (LabEx), Lille, France
- CNRS UMR8576, Lille, France
| | - Damien Maréchal
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404, Illkirch, France
- INSERM U1258, Illkirch, France
- CNRS UMR7104, Illkirch, France
- Strasbourg University, Illkirch, France
| | - Laurent Pradier
- SANOFI Neuroscience Therapeutic Area, Chilly-Mazarin, France
| | - Mikko Hiltunen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Isabelle Landrieu
- University of Lille, DISTALZ Laboratory of Excellence (LabEx), Lille, France
- CNRS UMR8576, Lille, France
| | - Devrim Kilinc
- INSERM U1167, RID-AGE: Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Institut Pasteur de Lille, 1 rue du Pr. Calmette, 59019, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- University of Lille, DISTALZ Laboratory of Excellence (LabEx), Lille, France
| | - Yann Herault
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404, Illkirch, France.
- INSERM U1258, Illkirch, France.
- CNRS UMR7104, Illkirch, France.
- Strasbourg University, Illkirch, France.
| | - Jocelyn Laporte
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404, Illkirch, France.
- INSERM U1258, Illkirch, France.
- CNRS UMR7104, Illkirch, France.
- Strasbourg University, Illkirch, France.
| | - Jean-Charles Lambert
- INSERM U1167, RID-AGE: Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Institut Pasteur de Lille, 1 rue du Pr. Calmette, 59019, Lille, France.
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France.
- University of Lille, DISTALZ Laboratory of Excellence (LabEx), Lille, France.
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30
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Dourlen P, Kilinc D, Malmanche N, Chapuis J, Lambert JC. The new genetic landscape of Alzheimer's disease: from amyloid cascade to genetically driven synaptic failure hypothesis? Acta Neuropathol 2019; 138:221-236. [PMID: 30982098 PMCID: PMC6660578 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-019-02004-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A strong genetic predisposition (60–80% of attributable risk) is present in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In view of this major genetic component, identification of the genetic risk factors has been a major objective in the AD field with the ultimate aim to better understand the pathological processes. In this review, we present how the genetic risk factors are involved in APP metabolism, β-amyloid peptide production, degradation, aggregation and toxicity, innate immunity, and Tau toxicity. In addition, on the basis of the new genetic landscape, resulting from the recent high-throughput genomic approaches and emerging neurobiological information, we propose an over-arching model in which the focal adhesion pathway and the related cell signalling are key elements in AD pathogenesis. The core of the focal adhesion pathway links the physiological functions of amyloid precursor protein and Tau with the pathophysiological processes they are involved in. This model includes several entry points, fitting with the different origins for the disease, and supports the notion that dysregulation of synaptic plasticity is a central node in AD. Notably, our interpretation of the latest data from genome wide association studies complements other hypotheses already developed in the AD field, i.e., amyloid cascade, cellular phase or propagation hypotheses. Genetically driven synaptic failure hypothesis will need to be further tested experimentally within the general AD framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Dourlen
- Unité INSERM 1167, RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, U1167-Excellence Laboratory LabEx DISTALZ, BP 245, 1, rue du professeur Calmette, 59019, Lille Cedex, France
| | - Devrim Kilinc
- Unité INSERM 1167, RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, U1167-Excellence Laboratory LabEx DISTALZ, BP 245, 1, rue du professeur Calmette, 59019, Lille Cedex, France
| | - Nicolas Malmanche
- Unité INSERM 1167, RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, U1167-Excellence Laboratory LabEx DISTALZ, BP 245, 1, rue du professeur Calmette, 59019, Lille Cedex, France
| | - Julien Chapuis
- Unité INSERM 1167, RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, U1167-Excellence Laboratory LabEx DISTALZ, BP 245, 1, rue du professeur Calmette, 59019, Lille Cedex, France
| | - Jean-Charles Lambert
- Unité INSERM 1167, RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, U1167-Excellence Laboratory LabEx DISTALZ, BP 245, 1, rue du professeur Calmette, 59019, Lille Cedex, France.
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31
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Kunkle BW, Grenier-Boley B, Sims R, Bis JC, Damotte V, Naj AC, Boland A, Vronskaya M, van der Lee SJ, Amlie-Wolf A, Bellenguez C, Frizatti A, Chouraki V, Martin ER, Sleegers K, Badarinarayan N, Jakobsdottir J, Hamilton-Nelson KL, Moreno-Grau S, Olaso R, Raybould R, Chen Y, Kuzma AB, Hiltunen M, Morgan T, Ahmad S, Vardarajan BN, Epelbaum J, Hoffmann P, Boada M, Beecham GW, Garnier JG, Harold D, Fitzpatrick AL, Valladares O, Moutet ML, Gerrish A, Smith AV, Qu L, Bacq D, Denning N, Jian X, Zhao Y, Del Zompo M, Fox NC, Choi SH, Mateo I, Hughes JT, Adams HH, Malamon J, Sanchez-Garcia F, Patel Y, Brody JA, Dombroski BA, Naranjo MCD, Daniilidou M, Eiriksdottir G, Mukherjee S, Wallon D, Uphill J, Aspelund T, Cantwell LB, Garzia F, Galimberti D, Hofer E, Butkiewicz M, Fin B, Scarpini E, Sarnowski C, Bush WS, Meslage S, Kornhuber J, White CC, Song Y, Barber RC, Engelborghs S, Sordon S, Voijnovic D, Adams PM, Vandenberghe R, Mayhaus M, Cupples LA, Albert MS, De Deyn PP, Gu W, Himali JJ, Beekly D, Squassina A, Hartmann AM, Orellana A, Blacker D, Rodriguez-Rodriguez E, Lovestone S, Garcia ME, Doody RS, Munoz-Fernadez C, Sussams R, Lin H, Fairchild TJ, Benito YA, Holmes C, Karamujić-Čomić H, Frosch MP, Thonberg H, Maier W, Roshchupkin G, Ghetti B, Giedraitis V, Kawalia A, Li S, Huebinger RM, Kilander L, Moebus S, Hernández I, Kamboh MI, Brundin R, Turton J, Yang Q, Katz MJ, Concari L, Lord J, Beiser AS, Keene CD, Helisalmi S, Kloszewska I, Kukull WA, Koivisto AM, Lynch A, Tarraga L, Larson EB, Haapasalo A, Lawlor B, Mosley TH, Lipton RB, Solfrizzi V, Gill M, Longstreth WT, Montine TJ, Frisardi V, Diez-Fairen M, Rivadeneira F, Petersen RC, Deramecourt V, Alvarez I, Salani F, Ciaramella A, Boerwinkle E, Reiman EM, Fievet N, Rotter JI, Reisch JS, Hanon O, Cupidi C, Andre Uitterlinden AG, Royall DR, Dufouil C, Maletta RG, de Rojas I, Sano M, Brice A, Cecchetti R, George-Hyslop PS, Ritchie K, Tsolaki M, Tsuang DW, Dubois B, Craig D, Wu CK, Soininen H, Avramidou D, Albin RL, Fratiglioni L, Germanou A, Apostolova LG, Keller L, Koutroumani M, Arnold SE, Panza F, Gkatzima O, Asthana S, Hannequin D, Whitehead P, Atwood CS, Caffarra P, Hampel H, Quintela I, Carracedo Á, Lannfelt L, Rubinsztein DC, Barnes LL, Pasquier F, Frölich L, Barral S, McGuinness B, Beach TG, Johnston JA, Becker JT, Passmore P, Bigio EH, Schott JM, Bird TD, Warren JD, Boeve BF, Lupton MK, Bowen JD, Proitsi P, Boxer A, Powell JF, Burke JR, Kauwe JSK, Burns JM, Mancuso M, Buxbaum JD, Bonuccelli U, Cairns NJ, McQuillin A, Cao C, Livingston G, Carlson CS, Bass NJ, Carlsson CM, Hardy J, Carney RM, Bras J, Carrasquillo MM, Guerreiro R, Allen M, Chui HC, Fisher E, Masullo C, Crocco EA, DeCarli C, Bisceglio G, Dick M, Ma L, Duara R, Graff-Radford NR, Evans DA, Hodges A, Faber KM, Scherer M, Fallon KB, Riemenschneider M, Fardo DW, Heun R, Farlow MR, Kölsch H, Ferris S, Leber M, Foroud TM, Heuser I, Galasko DR, Giegling I, Gearing M, Hüll M, Geschwind DH, Gilbert JR, Morris J, Green RC, Mayo K, Growdon JH, Feulner T, Hamilton RL, Harrell LE, Drichel D, Honig LS, Cushion TD, Huentelman MJ, Hollingworth P, Hulette CM, Hyman BT, Marshall R, Jarvik GP, Meggy A, Abner E, Menzies GE, Jin LW, Leonenko G, Real LM, Jun GR, Baldwin CT, Grozeva D, Karydas A, Russo G, Kaye JA, Kim R, Jessen F, Kowall NW, Vellas B, Kramer JH, Vardy E, LaFerla FM, Jöckel KH, Lah JJ, Dichgans M, Leverenz JB, Mann D, Levey AI, Pickering-Brown S, Lieberman AP, Klopp N, Lunetta KL, Wichmann HE, Lyketsos CG, Morgan K, Marson DC, Brown K, Martiniuk F, Medway C, Mash DC, Nöthen MM, Masliah E, Hooper NM, McCormick WC, Daniele A, McCurry SM, Bayer A, McDavid AN, Gallacher J, McKee AC, van den Bussche H, Mesulam M, Brayne C, Miller BL, Riedel-Heller S, Miller CA, Miller JW, Al-Chalabi A, Morris JC, Shaw CE, Myers AJ, Wiltfang J, O'Bryant S, Olichney JM, Alvarez V, Parisi JE, Singleton AB, Paulson HL, Collinge J, Perry WR, Mead S, Peskind E, Cribbs DH, Rossor M, Pierce A, Ryan NS, Poon WW, Nacmias B, Potter H, Sorbi S, Quinn JF, Sacchinelli E, Raj A, Spalletta G, Raskind M, Caltagirone C, Bossù P, Orfei MD, Reisberg B, Clarke R, Reitz C, Smith AD, Ringman JM, Warden D, Roberson ED, Wilcock G, Rogaeva E, Bruni AC, Rosen HJ, Gallo M, Rosenberg RN, Ben-Shlomo Y, Sager MA, Mecocci P, Saykin AJ, Pastor P, Cuccaro ML, Vance JM, Schneider JA, Schneider LS, Slifer S, Seeley WW, Smith AG, Sonnen JA, Spina S, Stern RA, Swerdlow RH, Tang M, Tanzi RE, Trojanowski JQ, Troncoso JC, Van Deerlin VM, Van Eldik LJ, Vinters HV, Vonsattel JP, Weintraub S, Welsh-Bohmer KA, Wilhelmsen KC, Williamson J, Wingo TS, Woltjer RL, Wright CB, Yu CE, Yu L, Saba Y, Pilotto A, Bullido MJ, Peters O, Crane PK, Bennett D, Bosco P, Coto E, Boccardi V, De Jager PL, Lleo A, Warner N, Lopez OL, Ingelsson M, Deloukas P, Cruchaga C, Graff C, Gwilliam R, Fornage M, Goate AM, Sanchez-Juan P, Kehoe PG, Amin N, Ertekin-Taner N, Berr C, Debette S, Love S, Launer LJ, Younkin SG, Dartigues JF, Corcoran C, Ikram MA, Dickson DW, Nicolas G, Campion D, Tschanz J, Schmidt H, Hakonarson H, Clarimon J, Munger R, Schmidt R, Farrer LA, Van Broeckhoven C, C O'Donovan M, DeStefano AL, Jones L, Haines JL, Deleuze JF, Owen MJ, Gudnason V, Mayeux R, Escott-Price V, Psaty BM, Ramirez A, Wang LS, Ruiz A, van Duijn CM, Holmans PA, Seshadri S, Williams J, Amouyel P, Schellenberg GD, Lambert JC, Pericak-Vance MA. Genetic meta-analysis of diagnosed Alzheimer's disease identifies new risk loci and implicates Aβ, tau, immunity and lipid processing. Nat Genet 2019; 51:414-430. [PMID: 30820047 PMCID: PMC6463297 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-019-0358-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1647] [Impact Index Per Article: 329.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Risk for late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD), the most prevalent dementia, is partially driven by genetics. To identify LOAD risk loci, we performed a large genome-wide association meta-analysis of clinically diagnosed LOAD (94,437 individuals). We confirm 20 previous LOAD risk loci and identify five new genome-wide loci (IQCK, ACE, ADAM10, ADAMTS1, and WWOX), two of which (ADAM10, ACE) were identified in a recent genome-wide association (GWAS)-by-familial-proxy of Alzheimer's or dementia. Fine-mapping of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) region confirms the neurological and immune-mediated disease haplotype HLA-DR15 as a risk factor for LOAD. Pathway analysis implicates immunity, lipid metabolism, tau binding proteins, and amyloid precursor protein (APP) metabolism, showing that genetic variants affecting APP and Aβ processing are associated not only with early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease but also with LOAD. Analyses of risk genes and pathways show enrichment for rare variants (P = 1.32 × 10-7), indicating that additional rare variants remain to be identified. We also identify important genetic correlations between LOAD and traits such as family history of dementia and education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian W Kunkle
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
| | - Benjamin Grenier-Boley
- Inserm, U1167, RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- Univ. Lille, U1167-Excellence Laboratory LabEx DISTALZ, Lille, France
| | - Rebecca Sims
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Cardiff, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Joshua C Bis
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Vincent Damotte
- Inserm, U1167, RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- Univ. Lille, U1167-Excellence Laboratory LabEx DISTALZ, Lille, France
| | - Adam C Naj
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology/Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Anne Boland
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, and LabEx GENMED, Evry, France
| | - Maria Vronskaya
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Sven J van der Lee
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Alexandre Amlie-Wolf
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Céline Bellenguez
- Inserm, U1167, RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- Univ. Lille, U1167-Excellence Laboratory LabEx DISTALZ, Lille, France
| | - Aura Frizatti
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Vincent Chouraki
- Inserm, U1167, RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- Univ. Lille, U1167-Excellence Laboratory LabEx DISTALZ, Lille, France
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eden R Martin
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Kristel Sleegers
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium
- Laboratory for Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Nandini Badarinarayan
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - Kara L Hamilton-Nelson
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Sonia Moreno-Grau
- Research Center and Memory Clinic of Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades-Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Robert Olaso
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, and LabEx GENMED, Evry, France
| | - Rachel Raybould
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Cardiff, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Yuning Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amanda B Kuzma
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mikko Hiltunen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Taniesha Morgan
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Shahzad Ahmad
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Badri N Vardarajan
- Taub Institute on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jacques Epelbaum
- UMR 894, Center for Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Inserm, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Per Hoffmann
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Division of Medical Genetics, University Hospital and Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Merce Boada
- Research Center and Memory Clinic of Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades-Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gary W Beecham
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jean-Guillaume Garnier
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, and LabEx GENMED, Evry, France
| | - Denise Harold
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Annette L Fitzpatrick
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Otto Valladares
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Marie-Laure Moutet
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, and LabEx GENMED, Evry, France
| | - Amy Gerrish
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Albert V Smith
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Liming Qu
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Delphine Bacq
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, and LabEx GENMED, Evry, France
| | - Nicola Denning
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Cardiff, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Xueqiu Jian
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yi Zhao
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Maria Del Zompo
- Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Nick C Fox
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Seung-Hoan Choi
- Research Center and Memory Clinic of Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades-Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ignacio Mateo
- Neurology Service and CIBERNED, 'Marqués de Valdecilla' University Hospital (University of Cantabria and IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
| | - Joseph T Hughes
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Hieab H Adams
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - John Malamon
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Yogen Patel
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jennifer A Brody
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Beth A Dombroski
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Makrina Daniilidou
- Department of Neurology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | | | - David Wallon
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245, and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Neurology, Department of Genetics and CNR-MAJ, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - James Uphill
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, MRC Prion Unit at UCL, Institute of Prion Diseases, London, UK
| | - Thor Aspelund
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
- Centre for Public Health, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Laura B Cantwell
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Fabienne Garzia
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, and LabEx GENMED, Evry, France
| | - Daniela Galimberti
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neurodegenerative Diseases Unit, Milan, Italy
- University of Milan, Centro Dino Ferrari, Milan, Italy
| | - Edith Hofer
- Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Mariusz Butkiewicz
- Institute for Computational Biology, Department of Population & Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Bertrand Fin
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, and LabEx GENMED, Evry, France
| | - Elio Scarpini
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neurodegenerative Diseases Unit, Milan, Italy
- University of Milan, Centro Dino Ferrari, Milan, Italy
| | - Chloe Sarnowski
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Will S Bush
- Institute for Computational Biology, Department of Population & Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Stéphane Meslage
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, and LabEx GENMED, Evry, France
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Charles C White
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yuenjoo Song
- Institute for Computational Biology, Department of Population & Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Robert C Barber
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Sebastiaan Engelborghs
- Laboratory for Neurochemistry and Behavior, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic, Hospital Network Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sabrina Sordon
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Saarland, Germany
| | - Dina Voijnovic
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Perrie M Adams
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Rik Vandenberghe
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Manuel Mayhaus
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Saarland, Germany
| | - L Adrienne Cupples
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marilyn S Albert
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Peter P De Deyn
- Laboratory for Neurochemistry and Behavior, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic, Hospital Network Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Wei Gu
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Saarland, Germany
| | - Jayanadra J Himali
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Duane Beekly
- National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alessio Squassina
- Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Annette M Hartmann
- Department of Psychiatry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Adelina Orellana
- Research Center and Memory Clinic of Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades-Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Deborah Blacker
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eloy Rodriguez-Rodriguez
- Neurology Service and CIBERNED, 'Marqués de Valdecilla' University Hospital (University of Cantabria and IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
| | | | - Melissa E Garcia
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rachelle S Doody
- Alzheimer's Disease and Memory Disorders Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Carmen Munoz-Fernadez
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario Doctor Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Rebecca Sussams
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Honghuang Lin
- Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thomas J Fairchild
- Office of Strategy and Measurement, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Yolanda A Benito
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario Doctor Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Clive Holmes
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | | | - Matthew P Frosch
- C.S. Kubik Laboratory for Neuropathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Hakan Thonberg
- Theme Aging, Unit for Hereditary Dementias, Karolinska University Hospital-Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Alzheimer Research Center, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Solna, Sweden
| | - Wolfgang Maier
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Gennady Roshchupkin
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bernardino Ghetti
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Vilmantas Giedraitis
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences/Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Amit Kawalia
- Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Shuo Li
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ryan M Huebinger
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Lena Kilander
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences/Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Susanne Moebus
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital of Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Isabel Hernández
- Research Center and Memory Clinic of Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades-Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Ilyas Kamboh
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - RoseMarie Brundin
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences/Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - James Turton
- Institute of Genetics, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Qiong Yang
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mindy J Katz
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Letizia Concari
- Section of Neuroscience, DIMEC-University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- FERB-Alzheimer Center, Gazzaniga (Bergamo), Italy
| | - Jenny Lord
- Institute of Genetics, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Alexa S Beiser
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - C Dirk Keene
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Seppo Helisalmi
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Iwona Kloszewska
- Elderly and Psychiatric Disorders Department, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Walter A Kukull
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Anne Maria Koivisto
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Aoibhinn Lynch
- Mercer's Institute for Research on Aging, St. James's Hospital and Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
- St. James's Hospital and Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lluís Tarraga
- Research Center and Memory Clinic of Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades-Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eric B Larson
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Annakaisa Haapasalo
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Brian Lawlor
- Mercer's Institute for Research on Aging, St. James's Hospital and Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
- St. James's Hospital and Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Thomas H Mosley
- Departments of Medicine, Geriatrics, Gerontology and Neurology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Richard B Lipton
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Vincenzo Solfrizzi
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Geriatric Medicine and Memory Unity, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Michael Gill
- Mercer's Institute for Research on Aging, St. James's Hospital and Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
- St. James's Hospital and Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - W T Longstreth
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Thomas J Montine
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Vincenza Frisardi
- Department of Geriatrics, Center for Aging Brain, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Monica Diez-Fairen
- Fundació per la Recerca Biomèdica i Social Mútua Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
- Memory Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdamt, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Consortium on Health Aging and National Genomics Initiative, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Vincent Deramecourt
- CHU Lille, Memory Center of Lille (Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherche), Lille, France
| | - Ignacio Alvarez
- Fundació per la Recerca Biomèdica i Social Mútua Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
- Memory Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesca Salani
- Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, Experimental Neuropsychobiology Laboratory, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Ciaramella
- Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, Experimental Neuropsychobiology Laboratory, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- School of Public Health, Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Eric M Reiman
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Banner Alzheimer's Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Nathalie Fievet
- Inserm, U1167, RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- Univ. Lille, U1167-Excellence Laboratory LabEx DISTALZ, Lille, France
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Los Angeles BioMedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Joan S Reisch
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Olivier Hanon
- University Paris Descartes, EA 4468, AP-HP, Geriatrics Department, Hôpital Broca, Paris, France
| | - Chiara Cupidi
- Regional Neurogenetic Centre (CRN), ASP Catanzaro, Lamezia Terme, Italy
| | - A G Andre Uitterlinden
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdamt, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Consortium on Health Aging and National Genomics Initiative, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Donald R Royall
- Departments of Psychiatry, Medicine, Family & Community Medicine, South Texas Veterans Health Administration Geriatric Research Education & Clinical Center (GRECC), UT Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Carole Dufouil
- University of Bordeaux, Inserm 1219, Bordeaux, France
- Department of Neurology, Bordeaux University Hospital / CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Itziar de Rojas
- Research Center and Memory Clinic of Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades-Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mary Sano
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexis Brice
- Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UMRS 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Department of Genetics, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Roberta Cecchetti
- Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Peter St George-Hyslop
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Karen Ritchie
- Inserm U1061 Neuropsychiatry, La Colombière Hospital, Montpellier, France
- Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
- Department of Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Magda Tsolaki
- Department of Neurology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Debby W Tsuang
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System/>GRECC, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Bruno Dubois
- Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer and Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, Département de Neurologie, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- Institut des Neurosciences Translationnelles de Paris, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, Paris, France
- Inserm, CNRS, UMR-S975, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - David Craig
- Ageing Group, Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Chuang-Kuo Wu
- Departments of Neurology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Hilkka Soininen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Despoina Avramidou
- Department of Neurology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Roger L Albin
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System (VAAAHS), Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Michigan Alzheimer Disease Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Laura Fratiglioni
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Antonia Germanou
- Department of Neurology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Liana G Apostolova
- Indiana Alzheimer's Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Lina Keller
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Koutroumani
- Department of Neurology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Steven E Arnold
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Francesco Panza
- Department of Geriatrics, Center for Aging Brain, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Olymbia Gkatzima
- Department of Neurology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Sanjay Asthana
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Didier Hannequin
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Patrice Whitehead
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Craig S Atwood
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Paolo Caffarra
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Institute of Genetics, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Harald Hampel
- AXA Research Fund & Sorbonne University Chair, Paris, France
- Sorbonne University, GRC n° 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
- Brain & Spine Institute, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France
- Institute of Memory and Alzheimer's Disease, Department of Neurology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Inés Quintela
- Grupo de Medicina Xenomica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Centro Nacional de Genotipado, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ángel Carracedo
- Grupo de Medicina Xenomica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Centro Nacional de Genotipado, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Lars Lannfelt
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences/Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - David C Rubinsztein
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lisa L Barnes
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Florence Pasquier
- CHU Lille, Memory Center of Lille (Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherche), Lille, France
| | - Lutz Frölich
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sandra Barral
- Taub Institute on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bernadette McGuinness
- Ageing Group, Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Thomas G Beach
- Civin Laboratory for Neuropathology, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Janet A Johnston
- Ageing Group, Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - James T Becker
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Peter Passmore
- Ageing Group, Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Eileen H Bigio
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jonathan M Schott
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Thomas D Bird
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System/>GRECC, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jason D Warren
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | | | - Michelle K Lupton
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Genetic Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Petra Proitsi
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Adam Boxer
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - John F Powell
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - James R Burke
- Department of Neurology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - John S K Kauwe
- Departments of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Burns
- University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Michelangelo Mancuso
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Neurological Institute, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Joseph D Buxbaum
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ubaldo Bonuccelli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Neurological Institute, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Nigel J Cairns
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Chuanhai Cao
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Gill Livingston
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Chris S Carlson
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Nicholas J Bass
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - John Hardy
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL, Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Regina M Carney
- Mental Health & Behavioral Science Service, Bruce W. Carter VA Medical Center, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jose Bras
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | | | - Rita Guerreiro
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Mariet Allen
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Helena C Chui
- Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Fisher
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Carlo Masullo
- Department of Neurology, Catholic University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Elizabeth A Crocco
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Charles DeCarli
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Gina Bisceglio
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Malcolm Dick
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Ranjan Duara
- Wien Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Memory Disorders, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL, USA
| | | | - Denis A Evans
- Rush Institute for Healthy Aging, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Angela Hodges
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Kelley M Faber
- Indiana Alzheimer's Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Martin Scherer
- Department of Primary Medical Care, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kenneth B Fallon
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - David W Fardo
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, Department of Biostatistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Reinhard Heun
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Martin R Farlow
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Heike Kölsch
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Steven Ferris
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Markus Leber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Tatiana M Foroud
- Indiana Alzheimer's Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Isabella Heuser
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Douglas R Galasko
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ina Giegling
- Department of Psychiatry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Marla Gearing
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Emory Alzheimer's Disease Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Michael Hüll
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Daniel H Geschwind
- Neurogenetics Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - John R Gilbert
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - John Morris
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Hope Center Program on Protein Aggregation and Neurodegeneration, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Robert C Green
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine and Partners Center for Personalized Genetic Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kevin Mayo
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Genetics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - John H Growdon
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thomas Feulner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Saarland, Germany
| | - Ronald L Hamilton
- Department of Pathology (Neuropathology), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lindy E Harrell
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Dmitriy Drichel
- Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lawrence S Honig
- Taub Institute on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thomas D Cushion
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Cardiff, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Matthew J Huentelman
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Paul Hollingworth
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - Bradley T Hyman
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rachel Marshall
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Gail P Jarvik
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Medicine (Medical Genetics), University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alun Meggy
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Erin Abner
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, College of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Georgina E Menzies
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Cardiff, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Lee-Way Jin
- Unidad Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología, Hospital Universitario de Valme, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ganna Leonenko
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Luis M Real
- Unidad Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología, Hospital Universitario de Valme, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Gyungah R Jun
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Clinton T Baldwin
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Detelina Grozeva
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - Giancarlo Russo
- Functional Genomics Center Zurich, ETH/University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jeffrey A Kaye
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health &Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Neurology, Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Ronald Kim
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Frank Jessen
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Neil W Kowall
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bruno Vellas
- Inserm U558, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Joel H Kramer
- Department of Neuropsychology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Emma Vardy
- Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Frank M LaFerla
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Karl-Heinz Jöckel
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital of Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - James J Lah
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Martin Dichgans
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany
| | - James B Leverenz
- Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - David Mann
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Allan I Levey
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Stuart Pickering-Brown
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Norman Klopp
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Munich, Germany
| | - Kathryn L Lunetta
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - H-Erich Wichmann
- Helmholtz Center Munich, Institute of Epidemiology, Neuherberg, Munich, Germany
- Ludwig-Maximilians University Chair of Epidemiology, Munich, Germany
- Joint Biobank Munich and KORA Biobank, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Kevin Morgan
- Human Genetics, Schools of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Daniel C Marson
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Kristelle Brown
- Institute of Genetics, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Frank Martiniuk
- Department of Medicine-Pulmonary, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christopher Medway
- Institute of Genetics, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Deborah C Mash
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Markus M Nöthen
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Eliezer Masliah
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Nigel M Hooper
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Antonio Daniele
- Institute of Neurology, Catholic University of Sacred Hearth, Rome, Italy
| | - Susan M McCurry
- School of Nursing Northwest Research Group on Aging, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Anthony Bayer
- Institute of Primary Care and Public Health, Cardiff University, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Andrew N McDavid
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - John Gallacher
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ann C McKee
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hendrik van den Bussche
- Department of Primary Medical Care, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marsel Mesulam
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Carol Brayne
- Cambridge Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Bruce L Miller
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Steffi Riedel-Heller
- Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Carol A Miller
- Department of Pathology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joshua W Miller
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Ammar Al-Chalabi
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscienceó, King's College London, London, UK
| | - John C Morris
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Christopher E Shaw
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscienceó, King's College London, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Amanda J Myers
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Goettingen, Germany
- IBiMED, Medical Sciences Department, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Sid O'Bryant
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - John M Olichney
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Victoria Alvarez
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory-Hospital, University of Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Joseph E Parisi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Andrew B Singleton
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Henry L Paulson
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Michigan Alzheimer Disease Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - John Collinge
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, MRC Prion Unit at UCL, Institute of Prion Diseases, London, UK
| | - William R Perry
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Simon Mead
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, MRC Prion Unit at UCL, Institute of Prion Diseases, London, UK
| | - Elaine Peskind
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - David H Cribbs
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Martin Rossor
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Aimee Pierce
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Natalie S Ryan
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, MRC Prion Unit at UCL, Institute of Prion Diseases, London, UK
| | - Wayne W Poon
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Benedetta Nacmias
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Centro di Ricerca, Trasferimento e Alta Formazione DENOTHE, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Huntington Potter
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Sandro Sorbi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Florence, Italy
| | - Joseph F Quinn
- Department of Primary Medical Care, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Eleonora Sacchinelli
- Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, Experimental Neuropsychobiology Laboratory, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Ashok Raj
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Gianfranco Spalletta
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Murray Raskind
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Carlo Caltagirone
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Bossù
- Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, Experimental Neuropsychobiology Laboratory, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Donata Orfei
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Barry Reisberg
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University, New York, NY, USA
- Alzheimer's Disease Center, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert Clarke
- Oxford Healthy Aging Project, Clinical Trial Service Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Christiane Reitz
- Taub Institute on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - A David Smith
- Oxford Project to Investigate Memory and Ageing, University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - John M Ringman
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Donald Warden
- Oxford Project to Investigate Memory and Ageing, University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Erik D Roberson
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Gordon Wilcock
- Oxford Project to Investigate Memory and Ageing, University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Ekaterina Rogaeva
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Howard J Rosen
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Maura Gallo
- Regional Neurogenetic Centre (CRN), ASP Catanzaro, Lamezia Terme, Italy
| | - Roger N Rosenberg
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Yoav Ben-Shlomo
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Mark A Sager
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Patrizia Mecocci
- Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Andrew J Saykin
- Indiana Alzheimer's Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Pau Pastor
- Fundació per la Recerca Biomèdica i Social Mútua Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
- Memory Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Michael L Cuccaro
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jeffery M Vance
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Julie A Schneider
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Pathology (Neuropathology), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lori S Schneider
- Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Susan Slifer
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - William W Seeley
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Amanda G Smith
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Joshua A Sonnen
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Salvatore Spina
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Robert A Stern
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Russell H Swerdlow
- University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Mitchell Tang
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rudolph E Tanzi
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John Q Trojanowski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Juan C Troncoso
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Vivianna M Van Deerlin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Linda J Van Eldik
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Harry V Vinters
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jean Paul Vonsattel
- Taub Institute on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Department of Pathology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sandra Weintraub
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kathleen A Welsh-Bohmer
- Department of Neurology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kirk C Wilhelmsen
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jennifer Williamson
- Taub Institute on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thomas S Wingo
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Randall L Woltjer
- Department of Pathology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Clinton B Wright
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Chang-En Yu
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lei Yu
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yasaman Saba
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Alberto Pilotto
- Gerontology and Geriatrics Research Laboratory, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
- Department Geriatric Care, Orthogeriatrics and Rehabilitation, Galliera Hospital, Genova, Italy
| | - Maria J Bullido
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- IdiPAZ, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria la Paz, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Biologia Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Oliver Peters
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Berlin, Germany
| | - Paul K Crane
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - David Bennett
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Paola Bosco
- Instituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Associazione Oasi Maria Santissima Srl, Troina, Italy
| | - Eliecer Coto
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory-Hospital, University of Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Virginia Boccardi
- Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Phil L De Jager
- Center for Translational and Computational Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alberto Lleo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Memory Unit, Neurology Department and Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Autonomous University Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nick Warner
- Somerset Partnership NHS Trust, Somerset, UK
| | - Oscar L Lopez
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Martin Ingelsson
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences/Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Carlos Cruchaga
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Hope Center Program on Protein Aggregation and Neurodegeneration, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Caroline Graff
- Theme Aging, Unit for Hereditary Dementias, Karolinska University Hospital-Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Alzheimer Research Center, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Solna, Sweden
| | - Rhian Gwilliam
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Myriam Fornage
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alison M Goate
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pascual Sanchez-Juan
- Neurology Service and CIBERNED, 'Marqués de Valdecilla' University Hospital (University of Cantabria and IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
| | - Patrick G Kehoe
- University of Bristol Medical School, Learning & Research level 2, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK
| | - Najaf Amin
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nilifur Ertekin-Taner
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Claudine Berr
- Inserm U1061 Neuropsychiatry, La Colombière Hospital, Montpellier, France
- Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
| | - Stéphanie Debette
- Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UMRS 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Department of Genetics, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Seth Love
- University of Bristol Medical School, Learning & Research level 2, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK
| | - Lenore J Launer
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Steven G Younkin
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | | | | | - M Arfan Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Departments of Radiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Gael Nicolas
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245, and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Neurology, Department of Genetics and CNR-MAJ, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - Dominique Campion
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245, and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Neurology, Department of Genetics and CNR-MAJ, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
- Department of Research Rouvray Psychiatric Hospital, Sotteville-lès-Rouen, France
| | | | - Helena Schmidt
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
- Department of Neurology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jordi Clarimon
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Memory Unit, Neurology Department and Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Autonomous University Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Reinhold Schmidt
- Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Lindsay A Farrer
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christine Van Broeckhoven
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium
- Laboratory for Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Michael C O'Donovan
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Anita L DeStefano
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lesley Jones
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Cardiff, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Jonathan L Haines
- Institute for Computational Biology, Department of Population & Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jean-Francois Deleuze
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, and LabEx GENMED, Evry, France
| | - Michael J Owen
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Richard Mayeux
- Taub Institute on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Valentina Escott-Price
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Cardiff, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Bruce M Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Kaiser Permanente, Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alfredo Ramirez
- Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Li-San Wang
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Agustin Ruiz
- Research Center and Memory Clinic of Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades-Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Peter A Holmans
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Julie Williams
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Cardiff, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Phillippe Amouyel
- Inserm, U1167, RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- Univ. Lille, U1167-Excellence Laboratory LabEx DISTALZ, Lille, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Gerard D Schellenberg
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jean-Charles Lambert
- Inserm, U1167, RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Lille, France.
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France.
- Univ. Lille, U1167-Excellence Laboratory LabEx DISTALZ, Lille, France.
| | - Margaret A Pericak-Vance
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
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Arranz AM, De Strooper B. The role of astroglia in Alzheimer's disease: pathophysiology and clinical implications. Lancet Neurol 2019; 18:406-414. [PMID: 30795987 DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(18)30490-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Astrocytes, also called astroglia, maintain homoeostasis of the brain by providing trophic and metabolic support to neurons. They recycle neurotransmitters, stimulate synaptogenesis and synaptic neurotransmission, form part of the blood-brain barrier, and regulate regional blood flow. Although astrocytes have been known to display morphological alterations in Alzheimer's disease for more than a century, research has remained neurocentric. Emerging evidence suggests that these morphological changes reflect functional alterations that affect disease. RECENT DEVELOPMENTS Genetic studies indicate that most of the risk of developing late onset Alzheimer's disease, the most common form of the disease, affecting patients aged 65 years and older, is associated with genes (ie, APOE, APOJ, and SORL) that are mainly expressed by glial cells (ie, astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocytes). This insight has moved the focus of research away from neurons and towards glial cells and neuroinflammation. Molecular studies in rodent models suggest a direct contribution of astrocytes to neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative processes causing Alzheimer's disease; however, these models might insufficiently mimic the human disease, because rodent astrocytes differ considerably in morphology, functionality, and gene expression. In-vivo studies using stem-cell derived human astrocytes are allowing exploration of the human disease and providing insights into the neurotoxic or protective contributions of these cells to the pathogenesis of disease. The first attempts to develop astrocytic biomarkers and targeted therapies are emerging. WHERE NEXT?: Single-cell transcriptomics allows the fate of individual astrocytes to be followed in situ and provides the granularity needed to describe healthy and pathological cellular states at different stages of Alzheimer's disease. Given the differences between human and rodent astroglia, study of human cells in this way will be crucial. Although refined single-cell transcriptomic analyses of human post-mortem brains are important for documentation of pathology, they only provide snapshots of a dynamic reality. Thus, functional work studying human astrocytes generated from stem cells and exposed to pathological conditions in rodent brain or cell culture are needed to understand the role of these cells in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. These studies will lead to novel biomarkers and hopefully a series of new drug targets to tackle this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaia M Arranz
- VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurosciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bart De Strooper
- VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurosciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London, UK.
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Takatori S, Wang W, Iguchi A, Tomita T. Genetic Risk Factors for Alzheimer Disease: Emerging Roles of Microglia in Disease Pathomechanisms. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1118:83-116. [PMID: 30747419 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-05542-4_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The accumulation of aggregated amyloid β (Aβ) peptides in the brain is deeply involved in Alzheimer disease (AD) pathogenesis. Mutations in APP and presenilins play major roles in Aβ pathology in rare autosomal-dominant forms of AD, whereas pathomechanisms of sporadic AD, accounting for the majority of cases, remain unknown. In this chapter, we review current knowledge on genetic risk factors of AD, clarified by recent advances in genome analysis technology. Interestingly, TREM2 and many genes associated with disease risk are predominantly expressed in microglia, suggesting that these risk factors are involved in pathogenicity through common mechanisms involving microglia. Therefore, we focus on factors closely associated with microglia and discuss their possible roles in pathomechanisms of AD. Furthermore, we review current views on the pathological roles of microglia and emphasize the importance of microglial changes in response to Aβ deposition and mechanisms underlying the phenotypic changes. Importantly, functional outcomes of microglial activation can be both protective and deleterious to neurons. We further describe the involvement of microglia in tau pathology and the activation of other glial cells. Through these topics, we shed light on microglia as a promising target for drug development for AD and other neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Takatori
- Laboratory of Neuropathology and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wenbo Wang
- Laboratory of Neuropathology and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiro Iguchi
- Laboratory of Neuropathology and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taisuke Tomita
- Laboratory of Neuropathology and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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Veitch DP, Weiner MW, Aisen PS, Beckett LA, Cairns NJ, Green RC, Harvey D, Jack CR, Jagust W, Morris JC, Petersen RC, Saykin AJ, Shaw LM, Toga AW, Trojanowski JQ. Understanding disease progression and improving Alzheimer's disease clinical trials: Recent highlights from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. Alzheimers Dement 2018; 15:106-152. [PMID: 30321505 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The overall goal of the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) is to validate biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD) clinical trials. ADNI is a multisite, longitudinal, observational study that has collected many biomarkers since 2004. Recent publications highlight the multifactorial nature of late-onset AD. We discuss selected topics that provide insights into AD progression and outline how this knowledge may improve clinical trials. METHODS We used standard methods to identify nearly 600 publications using ADNI data from 2016 and 2017 (listed in Supplementary Material and searchable at http://adni.loni.usc.edu/news-publications/publications/). RESULTS (1) Data-driven AD progression models supported multifactorial interactions rather than a linear cascade of events. (2) β-Amyloid (Aβ) deposition occurred concurrently with functional connectivity changes within the default mode network in preclinical subjects and was followed by specific and progressive disconnection of functional and anatomical networks. (3) Changes in functional connectivity, volumetric measures, regional hypometabolism, and cognition were detectable at subthreshold levels of Aβ deposition. 4. Tau positron emission tomography imaging studies detailed a specific temporal and spatial pattern of tau pathology dependent on prior Aβ deposition, and related to subsequent cognitive decline. 5. Clustering studies using a wide range of modalities consistently identified a "typical AD" subgroup and a second subgroup characterized by executive impairment and widespread cortical atrophy in preclinical and prodromal subjects. 6. Vascular pathology burden may act through both Aβ dependent and independent mechanisms to exacerbate AD progression. 7. The APOE ε4 allele interacted with cerebrovascular disease to impede Aβ clearance mechanisms. 8. Genetic approaches identified novel genetic risk factors involving a wide range of processes, and demonstrated shared genetic risk for AD and vascular disorders, as well as the temporal and regional pathological associations of established AD risk alleles. 9. Knowledge of early pathological changes guided the development of novel prognostic biomarkers for preclinical subjects. 10. Placebo populations of randomized controlled clinical trials had highly variable trajectories of cognitive change, underscoring the importance of subject selection and monitoring. 11. Selection criteria based on Aβ positivity, hippocampal volume, baseline cognitive/functional measures, and APOE ε4 status in combination with improved cognitive outcome measures were projected to decrease clinical trial duration and cost. 12. Multiple concurrent therapies targeting vascular health and other AD pathology in addition to Aβ may be more effective than single therapies. DISCUSSION ADNI publications from 2016 and 2017 supported the idea of AD as a multifactorial disease and provided insights into the complexities of AD disease progression. These findings guided the development of novel biomarkers and suggested that subject selection on the basis of multiple factors may lower AD clinical trial costs and duration. The use of multiple concurrent therapies in these trials may prove more effective in reversing AD disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dallas P Veitch
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Francisco, CA, USA; Northern California Institute for Research and Education (NCIRE), Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michael W Weiner
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Paul S Aisen
- Alzheimer's Therapeutic Research Institute, University of Southern California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Laurel A Beckett
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Nigel J Cairns
- Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA; Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Robert C Green
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Danielle Harvey
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - William Jagust
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - John C Morris
- Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Andrew J Saykin
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Leslie M Shaw
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Arthur W Toga
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, Institute of Neuroimaging and Informatics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - John Q Trojanowski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Institute on Aging, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Alzheimer's Disease Core Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Udall Parkinson's Research Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Ameen-Ali KE, Wharton SB, Simpson JE, Heath PR, Sharp P, Berwick J. Review: Neuropathology and behavioural features of transgenic murine models of Alzheimer's disease. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2018; 43:553-570. [PMID: 28880417 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Our understanding of the underlying biology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been steadily progressing; however, this is yet to translate into a successful treatment in humans. The use of transgenic mouse models has helped to develop our understanding of AD, not only in terms of disease pathology, but also with the associated cognitive impairments typical of AD. Plaques and neurofibrillary tangles are often among the last pathological changes in AD mouse models, after neuronal loss and gliosis. There is a general consensus that successful treatments need to be applied before the onset of these pathologies and associated cognitive symptoms. This review discusses the different types of AD mouse models in terms of the temporal progression of the disease, how well they replicate the pathological changes seen in human AD and their cognitive defects. We provide a critical assessment of the behavioural tests used with AD mice to assess cognitive changes and decline, and discuss how successfully they correlate with cognitive impairments in humans with AD. This information is an important tool for AD researchers when deciding on appropriate mouse models, and when selecting measures to assess behavioural and cognitive change.
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Affiliation(s)
- K E Ameen-Ali
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - S B Wharton
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - J E Simpson
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - P R Heath
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - P Sharp
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - J Berwick
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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Dourlen P, Chapuis J, Lambert JC. Using High-Throughput Animal or Cell-Based Models to Functionally Characterize GWAS Signals. CURRENT GENETIC MEDICINE REPORTS 2018; 6:107-115. [PMID: 30147999 PMCID: PMC6096908 DOI: 10.1007/s40142-018-0141-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The advent of genome-wide association studies (GWASs) constituted a breakthrough in our understanding of the genetic architecture of multifactorial diseases. For Alzheimer's disease (AD), more than 20 risk loci have been identified. However, we are now facing three new challenges: (i) identifying the functional SNP or SNPs in each locus, (ii) identifying the causal gene(s) in each locus, and (iii) understanding these genes' contribution to pathogenesis. RECENT FINDINGS To address these issues and thus functionally characterize GWAS signals, a number of high-throughput strategies have been implemented in cell-based and whole-animal models. Here, we review high-throughput screening, high-content screening, and the use of the Drosophila model (primarily with reference to AD). SUMMARY We describe how these strategies have been successfully used to functionally characterize the genes in GWAS-defined risk loci. In the future, these strategies should help to translate GWAS data into knowledge and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Dourlen
- INSERM U1167, RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- University Lille, U1167-Excellence Laboratory LabEx DISTALZ, Lille, France
| | - Julien Chapuis
- INSERM U1167, RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- University Lille, U1167-Excellence Laboratory LabEx DISTALZ, Lille, France
| | - Jean-Charles Lambert
- INSERM U1167, RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- University Lille, U1167-Excellence Laboratory LabEx DISTALZ, Lille, France
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Padhy B, Hayat B, Nanda GG, Mohanty PP, Alone DP. Pseudoexfoliation and Alzheimer's associated CLU risk variant, rs2279590, lies within an enhancer element and regulates CLU, EPHX2 and PTK2B gene expression. Hum Mol Genet 2018; 26:4519-4529. [PMID: 28973302 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic variants at PTK2B-CLU locus pose as high-risk factors for many age-related disorders. However, the role of these variants in disease progression is less characterized. In this study, we aimed to investigate the functional significance of a clusterin intronic SNP, rs2279590, that has been associated with pseudoexfoliation, Alzheimer's disease (AD) and diabetes. We have previously shown that the alleles at rs2279590 differentially regulate clusterin (CLU) gene expression in lens capsule tissues. This polymorphism resides in an active regulatory region marked by H3K27Ac and DNase I hypersensitive site and is an eQTL for CLU expression. Here, we report the presence of an enhancer element in surrounding region of rs2279590. Deletion of a 115 bp intronic region flanking the rs2279590 variant through CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing in HEK293 cells demonstrated a decreased clusterin gene expression. Electrophoretic mobility shift and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays show that rs2279590 with allele 'A' constitutes a transcription factor binding site for heat shock factor-1 (HSF1) but not with allele 'G'. By binding to allele 'A', HSF1 abrogates the enhancer effect of the locus as validated by reporter assays. Interestingly, rs2279590 locus has a widespread enhancer effect on two nearby genes, protein tyrosine kinase 2 beta (PTK2B) and epoxide hydrolase-2 (EPHX2); both of which have been previously associated with AD as risk factors. To summarize, our study unveils a mechanistic role of the common variant rs2279590 that can affect a variety of aging disorders by regulating the expression of a specific set of genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswajit Padhy
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) Bhubaneswar, P.O. Jatni, Khurda, 752050, India, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training school complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Bushra Hayat
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) Bhubaneswar, P.O. Jatni, Khurda, 752050, India, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training school complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Gargi Gouranga Nanda
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) Bhubaneswar, P.O. Jatni, Khurda, 752050, India, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training school complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | | | - Debasmita Pankaj Alone
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) Bhubaneswar, P.O. Jatni, Khurda, 752050, India, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training school complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, India
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Zhang Q, Ma C, Gearing M, Wang PG, Chin LS, Li L. Integrated proteomics and network analysis identifies protein hubs and network alterations in Alzheimer's disease. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2018; 6:19. [PMID: 29490708 PMCID: PMC5831854 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-018-0524-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the genetic causes for several rare, familial forms of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) have been identified, the etiology of the sporadic form of AD remains unclear. Here, we report a systems-level study of disease-associated proteome changes in human frontal cortex of sporadic AD patients using an integrated approach that combines mass spectrometry-based quantitative proteomics, differential expression analysis, and co-expression network analysis. Our analyses of 16 human brain tissues from AD patients and age-matched controls showed organization of the cortical proteome into a network of 24 biologically meaningful modules of co-expressed proteins. Of these, 5 modules are positively correlated to AD phenotypes with hub proteins that are up-regulated in AD, and 6 modules are negatively correlated to AD phenotypes with hub proteins that are down-regulated in AD. Our study generated a molecular blueprint of altered protein networks in AD brain and uncovered the dysregulation of multiple pathways and processes in AD brain, including altered proteostasis, RNA homeostasis, immune response, neuroinflammation, synaptic transmission, vesicular transport, cell signaling, cellular metabolism, lipid homeostasis, mitochondrial dynamics and function, cytoskeleton organization, and myelin-axon interactions. Our findings provide new insights into AD pathogenesis and suggest novel candidates for future diagnostic and therapeutic development.
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Genetic Risk Factors for Complex Forms of Alzheimer’s Disease. NEURODEGENER DIS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-72938-1_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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RIFS: a randomly restarted incremental feature selection algorithm. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13013. [PMID: 29026108 PMCID: PMC5638869 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13259-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The advent of big data era has imposed both running time and learning efficiency challenges for the machine learning researchers. Biomedical OMIC research is one of these big data areas and has changed the biomedical research drastically. But the high cost of data production and difficulty in participant recruitment introduce the paradigm of “large p small n” into the biomedical research. Feature selection is usually employed to reduce the high number of biomedical features, so that a stable data-independent classification or regression model may be achieved. This study randomly changes the first element of the widely-used incremental feature selection (IFS) strategy and selects the best feature subset that may be ranked low by the statistical association evaluation algorithms, e.g. t-test. The hypothesis is that two low-ranked features may be orchestrated to achieve a good classification performance. The proposed Randomly re-started Incremental Feature Selection (RIFS) algorithm demonstrates both higher classification accuracy and smaller feature number than the existing algorithms. RIFS also outperforms the existing methylomic diagnosis model for the prostate malignancy with a larger accuracy and a lower number of transcriptomic features.
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