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Sajovic J, Drevenšek G, Plut A, Eberlinc A, Kosmač Vrabec M, Setnikar Lesjak A, Selič Zupančič P, Drevenšek M. Beyond the face: An interdisciplinary evaluation of satisfaction with appearance in young people with orofacial clefts. iScience 2024; 27:110738. [PMID: 39290840 PMCID: PMC11406071 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Orofacial clefts are the most common congenital anomaly of the face, and they significantly affect appearance. The combined effects of demographics, psychology, neurophysiology, and cleft characteristics to explain satisfaction with appearance in young people with a cleft have not yet been comprehensively studied in an interdisciplinary manner. We found that interpersonal difficulties, age, and conscientiousness were significant explanatory factors for satisfaction with appearance (tinterpersonal difficulties = -3.022, p = 0.006; tage = -3.563, p = 0.016; tconscientiousness = 4.161, p = 0.003); the model explained 50% of variance in satisfaction with appearance (R2 Adjusted = 0.504, Fvs. constant = 4.05, p = 0.00117). Furthermore, frontal alpha asymmetry was complexly intertwined with other variables, affecting the overall accuracy of the model, but explaining only 10.5% of variance in satisfaction with appearance when used as a factor alone. The results show that an interdisciplinary approach can substantially expand our understanding of the factors influencing self-perception in young people with orofacial clefts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Sajovic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Gorazd Drevenšek
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Alja Plut
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Andreja Eberlinc
- Department of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Manca Kosmač Vrabec
- Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, 6000 Koper, Slovenia
| | - Anina Setnikar Lesjak
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Polona Selič Zupančič
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Martina Drevenšek
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Hill PL, Olaru G, Allemand M. Examining sense of purpose and conscientiousness as unique correlates of health: A bifactor examination. J Health Psychol 2024; 29:1195-1209. [PMID: 38312017 DOI: 10.1177/13591053241226814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Conscientiousness and sense of purpose consistently predict health, wellbeing, and health behavior. However, it remains an open question whether they are unique or overlapping predictors of health and wellbeing. The current study considered this question using the MOSAiCH study, a nationally representative sample of 2305 Swiss adults (M: 52.33 years old; SD = 17.36). Participants reported on sense of purpose and conscientiousness, in addition to multiple health, wellbeing, and health behavior indicators (e.g. dietary practices, activity engagement, health conditions, psychological concerns, and doctor visits). Results found conscientiousness and sense of purpose were moderately associated with multiple health, wellbeing, and health behavior indicators. Bifactor modeling was employed to test the incremental validity of conscientiousness and sense of purpose, when accounting for their shared variance. The specific factor for purpose predicted outcomes even when accounting for conscientiousness. However, conscientiousness had little incremental validity over the general factor.
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Wells DL, Treacy KR. Pet attachment and owner personality. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1406590. [PMID: 38736622 PMCID: PMC11082317 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1406590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Research points to a relationship between owner personality and strength of attachment to one's pet, with implications for psychological health. So far, studies in this area, albeit sparse, have focused on the 'Big Five' traits of owner personality. The 'Dark Triad' is a cluster of traits that has also been linked to emotional deficits, but has been overlooked in relation to pet attachment. This study therefore examined the association between owner personality and pet attachment, focusing on both the 'Big Five' and 'Dark Triad' traits of personality. Methods A cross-sectional design was employed to collect quantitative data from dog and cat owners across the globe between May-June 2023. A purpose-designed online survey collected sociodemographic details, along with information on pet ownership, strength of the pet-owner bond and participant personality, assessed using the Big Five personality scale and the Short Dark Triad scale. The survey was fully completed by 759 dog and 179 cat owners. Results Analysis revealed significant correlations between many of the participants' personality traits, both within and between scales. Strength of pet attachment was positively correlated with neuroticism and conscientiousness, and, more weakly, to Machiavellianism. Regression analysis revealed that females, dog owners, people over the age of 50 and individuals who had children under 18 years to care for were more strongly attached to their pets than others. Both neuroticism and conscientiousness were found to be significant predictors of participants' pet attachment scores. None of the Dark Triad traits significantly predicted the criterion. Discussion This study points to a relationship between strength of attachment to one's pet and owner personality, at least as measured using the Big Five approach to personality assessment. There was little to support an association between the Dark Triad traits and strength of attachment to one's pet, although the link between these characteristics and attachment styles is still unknown. The investigation lends support for the idea that high attachment levels are associated with personality traits aligned to psychological ill-health. Further work is recommended in this area, with a greater focus on both strength and quality (e.g., attachment style) of the pet-owner bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah L. Wells
- Animal Behaviour Centre, School of Psychology, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
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Griffith ZM, Polet J, Lintunen T, Hamilton K, Hagger MS. Social cognition, personality and social-political correlates of health behaviors: Application of an integrated theoretical model. Soc Sci Med 2024; 347:116779. [PMID: 38513564 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.116779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dispositional, intra-personal constructs such as personality traits and generalized beliefs are consistently related to health behaviors, but relatively few studies have tested the theory-based mechanisms by which these constructs relate to health behaviors and compared them across behavior type. In the current study we tested an integrated theoretical model in which belief-based social cognition constructs (attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control) were proposed to mediate effects of personality traits (conscientiousness, extroversion) and socio-political beliefs (political beliefs, locus of control, free will beliefs) on participation in three health-related behaviors: physical activity, COVID-19 vaccination, and sugar-sweetened beverage restriction. METHODS Proposed integrated model effects were tested in a five-week prospective correlational study. Finnish residents completed measures of personality, socio-political, and social cognition constructs with respect to physical activity participation (N = 557), COVID-19 vaccination uptake (N = 1,115), and sugar-sweetened beverage restriction (N = 558) and self-reported their behavior at follow-up. RESULTS Structural equation models revealed direct effects of intention on behavior, and of social-cognition constructs on intention, across all behaviors. We also found indirect effects of political beliefs on behavior mediated by social cognition constructs and intentions for COVID-19 vaccination and sugar-sweetened beverage restriction behaviors, indirect effects of conscientiousness on behavior mediated by social cognition constructs and intentions for physical activity and sugar-sweetened beverage restriction behaviors, and indirect effects of health locus of control on behavior mediated by social cognition constructs and intentions for physical activity behavior. Finally, we found a negative total effect of populist beliefs on behavior for COVID-19 vaccination behavior. CONCLUSION Findings contribute to an evidence base for the effects of dispositional and social cognition constructs of health behaviors, point to a possible mechanism by which these generalized constructs relate to health behavior, and outline how the pattern of effects varies across the different behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe M Griffith
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of California, Merced, USA.
| | - Juho Polet
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Finland; Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Finland; Centre of Excellence in Learning Dynamics and Intervention Research (InterLearn), Finland.
| | - Taru Lintunen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - Kyra Hamilton
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Australia.
| | - Martin S Hagger
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of California, Merced, USA; Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Finland; Health Sciences Research Institute, University of California, Merced, USA; School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Australia.
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Oi K, Hardy M. Are Changes in Somatic Health Reflected Differently in Updated Self-Ratings by Big-Five Personality Traits? J Aging Health 2024; 36:182-193. [PMID: 37273188 DOI: 10.1177/08982643231180934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: This longitudinal study tests whether the Big-Five personality traits influence the changes individuals make in self-rated health (SRH) as they adjust their initial level to account for information on concurrent changes in disease burden, activities of daily living (ADLs), and pain. Methods: A bi-variate Latent Growth Curve model was fitted to data to estimate longitudinal associations between SRH and each health measure across up-to-five repeated observations, collected from the year 2006 to 2018 from 13,096 participants in the Health and Retirement Study. Results: Negative longitudinal associations between SRH and all three health reports were significantly stronger for those who are more conscientious. No significant moderation was found for the other four personality traits. Discussion: Compared to the less conscientious, highly conscientious people may assign greater importance to specific health reports when rating and revising their assessments of SRH. This moderating effect was previously tested but not supported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuya Oi
- Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Melissa Hardy
- Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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Kyle KM, Ford BQ, Willroth EC. Personality Trait Change Across a Major Global Stressor. PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN 2024:1461672241228624. [PMID: 38388368 DOI: 10.1177/01461672241228624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
The current research examined three related questions in a 21-month longitudinal study of a diverse sample of U.S. participants (N = 504): (a) How did Big Five traits change during the COVID-19 pandemic? (b) What factors were associated with individual differences in trait change? and (c) How was Big Five trait change associated with downstream well-being, mental health, and physical health? On average, across the 21-month study period, conscientiousness increased slightly, and extraversion decreased slightly. Individual trajectories varied around these average trajectories, and although few factors predicted these individual differences, greater increases in conscientiousness, extraversion, and agreeableness, and greater decreases in neuroticism were associated better well-being and fewer mental and physical health symptoms. The present research provides evidence that traits can change in the context of a major global stressor and that socially desirable patterns of trait change are associated with better health.
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Godfrey O, Bogg T, Milad E. A Psychosocial Model of COVID-19 Vaccination: Antecedent and Concurrent Effects of Demographics, Traits, Political Beliefs, Vaccine Intention, Information Sources, Mandates, and Flu Vaccine History. Ann Behav Med 2024; 58:12-21. [PMID: 37540839 DOI: 10.1093/abm/kaad043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To date, research investigating psychosocial correlates of COVID-19 vaccination has been cross-sectional, parochial, and/or reliant upon non-stratified international samples, resulting in difficulty in clarifying the contributions of various vaccination-related influences. PURPOSE The present study tested a novel integration of prospective and concurrent associations of demographic and dispositional tendencies, intervening illness and preventive beliefs, vaccine intention, illness experiences, and concurrent contextual vaccine-related influences with subsequent COVID-19 vaccination. METHODS The preregistered study used a stratified online U.S. sample (N = 500), with assessments aligned to (a) "15 days to slow the spread" in March 2020, (b) vaccine authorization and major case/mortality surge during December 2020 and January 2021, and (c) the period following full vaccine approval in August 2021 during the third major/case mortality surge during September and October 2021. RESULTS Path modeling showed the absence of children in the household and greater education were prospective predictors of vaccination. Trait openness and less conservative political beliefs showed indirect prospective associations with vaccination via stronger intermediating vaccine intention. Contextual vaccine-related influences of vaccine-related information sources, employer mandates, and flu vaccine history also showed direct associations with vaccination. In contrast to expectations, lower conscientiousness showed a direct prospective association with vaccination. CONCLUSIONS Controlling for interrelations among study variables, the results of the integrative psychosocial model clarified the unique contributions and pathways from antecedent characteristics to vaccination while accounting for vaccine-related contextual influences, providing further direction for refining the timing and content of public health messaging for vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Godfrey
- Wayne State University, Department of Psychology, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Tim Bogg
- Wayne State University, Department of Psychology, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Elizabeth Milad
- Wayne State University, Department of Psychology, Detroit, MI, USA
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Martinez S, Garcia-Romeu A, Perez F, Jones JD. Resilience Phenotypes and Psychological Functioning among Individuals with Opioid Use Disorder. Subst Use Misuse 2023; 59:41-49. [PMID: 37752751 PMCID: PMC10829514 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2023.2259450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Opioid use disorder (OUD) is a heterogeneous disorder. However, there is a lack of deep phenotyping investigations focusing on important psychological constructs such as resilience that may impact OUD. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between trait resilience and the five-factor model of personality (FFM) among individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD). We also explored whether the FFM and trait resilience form specific phenotypes associated with psychological functioning. METHODS This secondary analysis of an epigenetic study included participants of African ancestry (n = 72), an understudied population, who met DSM-5 criteria for OUD. Participants completed measures to assess personality traits, trait resilience, current and previous drug use, and psychological functioning (depression, anxiety, and stress). RESULTS Linear regression revealed a significant relationship between resilience (CD-RISC-25 score) and the FFM, R2 = 0.56, F(5,62) = 15.7, p<.001. Further, a two-cluster classification emerged as the optimal solution from the cluster analysis. Cluster 1 (n = 33, 45.8% of the sample) showed lower resilience (CD-RISC-25 score: M = 58.6, SD = 11.2) compared to Cluster 2 (n = 35, 48.6%; CD-RISC-25 score: M = 76.1, SD = 11.9). The "High-Resilience Cluster" (Cluster 2) was characterized by higher FFM traits of: Extraversion, Openness, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness, and lower Neuroticism versus Cluster 1. Multivariate analysis of variance revealed statistically significant differences between the two resilience clusters concerning other psychological symptoms, Λ = 0.732, F(4, 50) = 7.05, p < 0.003. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest associations between the FFM and trait resilience among individuals with OUD. Two distinct "resilience phenotypes" emerged, with high-resilience individuals displaying less stress, anxiety, and depressive symptoms. Results highlight the clinical importance of resilience as a potential target for intervention in people with OUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suky Martinez
- Division on Substance Use Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons and New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Albert Garcia-Romeu
- Behavioral Pharmacology Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 5510 Nathan Shock Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA
| | - Freymon Perez
- Division on Substance Use Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons and New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jermaine D. Jones
- Division on Substance Use Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons and New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Macovei CM, Bumbuc Ș, Martinescu-Bădălan F. The role of personality traits in mediating the relation between fear of negative evaluation and social interaction anxiety. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1268052. [PMID: 37928579 PMCID: PMC10621049 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1268052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Social interaction anxiety and fear of negative evaluation have many maladaptive outcomes and, in order to counteract their effects, it is essential to identify those psychological or social factors that make people vulnerable to them. One of these factors is the individual's personality structure: some personality traits increase the individuals' vulnerability to symptoms of social anxiety, while others protect them. Methods The aim of this paper is to analyse the role of HEXACO personality traits in mediating the relationship between fear of negative evaluation and social anxiety, in a sample of 352 cadets from the Land Forces Academy of Sibiu. The relationships between these concepts were analysed using structural equation modeling (SEM) in several hypothetical models, two of which were ultimately validated. Results In the first model, the fear of negative evaluation has an indirect effect on social interaction anxiety through the mediation of extraversion, conscientiousness, and altruism, separately. Furthermore, extraversion, conscientiousness, and altruism play a serial mediating role in the association between the fear of negative evaluation and social interaction anxiety. In the second model, the fear of negative evaluation has an indirect effect on social interaction anxiety through the mediation of social boldness, liveliness, and organization, separately, but not through altruism. Social boldness, liveliness, and organization played a serial mediating role in the relationship between the two constructs, while altruism moderated the relationship between liveliness, organization, and social interaction anxiety. Discussion Analysing the relationship between the individuals' personality traits, social anxiety, and fear of negative evaluation facilitated the identification of ways to cultivate desirable behaviours in social environments typified by compliance, discipline, uniformity, and rigor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crenguța Mihaela Macovei
- Department of Applied Social Sciences and Humanities, “Nicolae Bălcescu” Land Forces Academy, Sibiu, Romania
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Oi K. Do Older Adults Adjust Their Control Beliefs According to Changes in Mobility Limitations? Evidence From a Large-Scale Observational Study. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2023; 78:1501-1510. [PMID: 37129602 PMCID: PMC10848220 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbad067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study examines cross-over, time-lagged (cross-lagged) effects of nonintervened changes between mobility limitations and control constraints/self-mastery. METHODS Using the Health and Retirement Study data from the years 2006 to 2016 from 10,690 participants, changes in mobility limitations, control constraints, and self-mastery were analyzed simultaneously with 3 latent change score models, to account for measurement error and pre-existing mobility issues prior to baseline. RESULTS An increase in mobility limitations predicts a decrease in mastery observed in the next interval, but not the other way around. Cross-lagged effects of changes are significant only between control and local mobility limitations concerning upper/lower extremity and associated large muscles. DISCUSSION The results indicate reciprocity between perceived control constraints and local mobility regardless of pre-existing limitations. To better facilitate recovery and prevention, future intervention designs should consider alleviating control constraints in addition to improving self-mastery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuya Oi
- Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
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Uchida T, Ueno H, Konagata A, Nakamura T, Taniguchi N, Nabekura H, Kogo F, Nagatomo Y, Tanaka Y, Shimizu K, Shiiya T, Yamaguchi H, Shimoda K. Association between personality traits and glycemic control after inpatient diabetes education. Metabol Open 2023; 18:100244. [PMID: 37396672 PMCID: PMC10313504 DOI: 10.1016/j.metop.2023.100244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims The longitudinal effect of personality traits on glycemic control is unclear. This prospective observational study explored the relationship between personality traits and glycemic control in patients with uncontrolled diabetes after inpatient diabetes education. Methods Patients with diabetes mellitus (HbA1c ≥ 7.5%, measured by high-performance liquid chromatography) who received inpatient diabetes education were scored on the Big Five personality traits: neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness. Multiple linear analysis was used to determine whether any personality traits were independently associated with HbA1c on admission and HbA1c change from admission to 1, 3, and 6 months after discharge. Results One hundred seventeen participants (mean age 60.4 ± 14.5 years; 59.0% male) were enrolled. HbA1c values on admission and 1, 3, and 6 months after discharge were 10.2 ± 2.1%, 8.3 ± 1.4%, 7.6 ± 1.4%, and 7.7 ± 1.5%, respectively. Multiple linear analysis showed that no personality traits were associated with HbA1c on admission. Neuroticism was negatively associated with the HbA1c change from admission to 3 months (β = -0.192, P = 0.025) and 6 months after discharge (β = -0.164, P = 0.043). Conclusions Neuroticism was associated with good long-term glycemic control after inpatient diabetes education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taisuke Uchida
- Division of Hematology, Diabetes, and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, 889-1692, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ueno
- Division of Hematology, Diabetes, and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, 889-1692, Japan
| | - Ayaka Konagata
- Division of Hematology, Diabetes, and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, 889-1692, Japan
| | - Takayuki Nakamura
- Division of Hematology, Diabetes, and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, 889-1692, Japan
- Koga General Hospital, 1749-1 Sudaki, Ikeuchi, Miyazaki, 880-0041, Japan
| | - Norifumi Taniguchi
- Division of Hematology, Diabetes, and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, 889-1692, Japan
| | - Hiroki Nabekura
- Division of Hematology, Diabetes, and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, 889-1692, Japan
| | - Fumiko Kogo
- Division of Hematology, Diabetes, and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, 889-1692, Japan
| | - Yuma Nagatomo
- Division of Hematology, Diabetes, and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, 889-1692, Japan
| | - Yuri Tanaka
- Division of Hematology, Diabetes, and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, 889-1692, Japan
| | - Koichiro Shimizu
- Division of Hematology, Diabetes, and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, 889-1692, Japan
| | - Tomomi Shiiya
- Koga General Hospital, 1749-1 Sudaki, Ikeuchi, Miyazaki, 880-0041, Japan
| | - Hideki Yamaguchi
- Division of Hematology, Diabetes, and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, 889-1692, Japan
| | - Kazuya Shimoda
- Division of Hematology, Diabetes, and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, 889-1692, Japan
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Burro R, Vicentini G, Raccanello D. Big Five personality traits and coping strategies of Italian university students during the COVID-19 pandemic first wave. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1150674. [PMID: 37260964 PMCID: PMC10227622 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1150674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Little is known about the role personality traits may have played for university students in diminishing and compensating for the negative impact of COVID-19 in its early phases, promoting adaptive coping. University students represent a population which was consistently obliged to follow social distance rules due to the early shift of many organizations from face-to-face to online learning. Therefore, it is worth exploring whether the Big Five traits acted as risk or protective factors after the outbreak of a disaster such as the COVID-19 pandemic for Italian university students. Methods We involved a sample of 2,995 university students who completed an online survey in March 2020. We measured the Big Five personality traits through the Big Five Inventory-2-XS and their coping strategies through the Robust-Pandemic Coping Scale. The latter assessed four COVID-19-related coping dimensions, namely Despair (e.g., including helplessness and feeling lack of control), Aversion (e.g., referring to oppositive strategies), Proactivity (e.g., comprising problem solving and information seeking), and Adjustment (e.g., concerning reappraisal and assertiveness). Results Preliminarily, two Linear Mixed Models indicated that university students had higher scores in Conscientiousness, followed by Open-Mindedness, and then Agreeableness. These three traits were, in turn, higher than Extraversion and Negative Emotionality, which did not differ among them. Concerning coping, university students reacted more frequently utilizing adaptive strategies (with Proactivity used more frequently than Adjustment) rather than maladaptive strategies (with Despair higher than Aversion). A Path Analysis examining the relations between the Big Five traits and the four coping dimensions showed that Negative Emotionality can be considered as a risk factor, and that Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, and Open-Mindedness can be conceptualized as protective factors. More interestingly, we found that Extraversion entailed both a risk and a protective role for Italian university students after the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. Discussion Notwithstanding limitations, these findings can be the basis for developing disaster preparation and prevention actions, aiming at promoting students' positive coping towards current and future disasters.
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Moussa S, Achkouty I, Malaeb D, Ghosn A, Obeid S, Hallit S. Personality traits and perceived cognitive function in lebanese healthcare professionals. BMC Psychol 2023; 11:90. [PMID: 37004098 PMCID: PMC10063952 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-023-01139-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The healthcare field, a well-known field associated with variety of stressors, leaves healthcare professionals at an increased risk of both physical and mental problems. COVID-19 pandemic has recently been added to the stressful factors by endangering further the cognitive function of healthcare workers. On another hand, personality traits have been shown to have pervasive associations with functioning across various cognitive domains. Thus, this study aims to evaluate association between personality traits and perceived cognitive function among healthcare professionals in Lebanon during the collapsing period (following the severe economic crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic). METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted between November 2021 and January 2022 enrolled 406 Lebanese participants using the convenience sampling technique for data collection. Healthcare professionals from all specialties who received the online link to the survey were eligible to participate. The Big Five Inventory-2 (BFI-2) and Fact Cog scale were used to assess personality traits and cognitive function. RESULTS After adjustment over all variables (age, gender, household crowding index, physical activity index, marital status, profession and the other four personality traits), higher negative emotionality was significantly associated with a worse cognitive function, whereas more extroversion and conscientiousness were significantly associated with a better cognitive function. CONCLUSION Our study adds to the narrow body of research revolving around the relationship between personality traits and perceived cognitive function in Lebanese healthcare professionals during these hard times in Lebanon. These results show that the choice of these cognitive processes is strongly affected by different personality traits, such as extroversion, conscientiousness, and negative emotionality. This study encourages the need to conduct further research that assess the changes in cognition in life stressors along with personality traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Moussa
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Balamand, Koura, Lebanon
| | - Iris Achkouty
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, P.O. Box 446, Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Diana Malaeb
- College of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, UAE
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Anthony Ghosn
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, P.O. Box 446, Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Sahar Obeid
- Social and Education Sciences Department, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Jbeil, Lebanon
| | - Souheil Hallit
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, P.O. Box 446, Jounieh, Lebanon.
- Applied Science Research Center, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan.
- Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon.
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14
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Köslich-Strumann S, Strumann C, Voltmer E. Influence of students' personality on their leisure behaviour choices and moderating effects on their academic efficacy: An exploratory study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0280462. [PMID: 36638104 PMCID: PMC9838833 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Studying can be very stressful leading to a decreased academic efficacy. In this exploratory longitudinal study, we analysed a wide range of students' leisure activities and their effects on students' academic efficacy. Further, we identified the personality types of students who choose specific leisure activities as a strategy to stress reduction and determined how the use of leisure behaviours affects academic performance among students with different personality types. Students were asked about their personality (Neo-FFI), leisure time behaviour (self-generated items), and academic efficacy (MBI-SS) at three measurement points. Multivariate regression analyses were applied to estimate the moderation effects. In total, 331 students were included in the study. Social activities were found to have a direct effect on academic efficacy. The students' personality moderated the effects of leisure behaviour on efficacy, suggesting a negative effect on academic efficacy for some personality traits. Since our results suggest that the effectiveness of stress management through the use of leisure behaviour depends on the students' personality, universities offering stress management services should pay attention to precise targeting to attract the specific students who might benefit the most from the offered services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susen Köslich-Strumann
- Institute of Social Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Christoph Strumann
- Institute of Family Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Edgar Voltmer
- Institute of Social Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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15
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D'Antoine E, Jansz J, Barifcani A, Shaw-Mills S, Harris M, Lagat C. COVID-19 and offshore oil and gas workers: The role of personality. SOCIAL SCIENCES & HUMANITIES OPEN 2023; 7:100402. [PMID: 36685778 PMCID: PMC9842625 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssaho.2023.100402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
This qualitative study aimed to identify mental health hazards in the offshore oil and gas industry, as well as the role of the personality types of the Five Factor Model (FFM) in coping with these stressors. A focus group with 8 participants and a pilot study with 5 participants were conducted. Results showed that several stressors are currently present for Australian offshore oil and gas employees, in particular COVID-19 and the resulting negative effects on rosters, working hours, job security and time spent away from home. Other stressors revealed by participants were lack of space, working in a high-risk environment, stigma, helicopter travel and pressure to keep up with production. Poor safety behaviours were associated with neuroticism, extraversion and openness, while risk avoidance appear to be associated with agreeableness and conscientiousness. Tolerance to shift work was positively related to extraversion, yet negatively associated to neuroticism. Furthermore, neuroticism showed a negative association with help-seeking and productivity, as well as higher levels of concern relating to COVID-19 and job uncertainty. As personality traits are enduring throughout life, it is vital that employees are managed effectively through workplace interventions so that they are able to cope effectively, particularly during stressful events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma D'Antoine
- WA School of Mines: Minerals, Energy and Chemical Engineering, Curtin University, Bentley, W.A., 6102, Australia
| | - Janis Jansz
- WA School of Mines: Minerals, Energy and Chemical Engineering, Curtin University, Bentley, W.A., 6102, Australia
- Healthforce Group, PO Box 2061, High Wycombe, W.A., 6067, Australia
- Xi'an University of Science & Technology, 58 Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Ahmed Barifcani
- WA School of Mines: Minerals, Energy and Chemical Engineering, Curtin University, Bentley, W.A., 6102, Australia
| | - Sherrilyn Shaw-Mills
- WA School of Mines: Minerals, Energy and Chemical Engineering, Curtin University, Bentley, W.A., 6102, Australia
- Healthforce Group, PO Box 2061, High Wycombe, W.A., 6067, Australia
| | - Mark Harris
- School of Economics, Finance and Property, Curtin University, Bentley, W.A., 6102, Australia
| | - Christopher Lagat
- WA School of Mines: Minerals, Energy and Chemical Engineering, Curtin University, Bentley, W.A., 6102, Australia
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16
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Wong MYC, Ou KL, Chung PK. Healthy Lifestyle Behavior, Goal Setting, and Personality among Older Adults: A Synthesis of Literature Reviews and Interviews. Geriatrics (Basel) 2022; 7:131. [PMID: 36547267 PMCID: PMC9777641 DOI: 10.3390/geriatrics7060131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the well-known health benefits of adopting a healthy lifestyle, older adults' self-determination, goals, and motivation, as well as other personality factors, are known to influence their healthy lifestyle behaviors, yet these interactions have rarely been discussed. METHOD The literature that investigated and discussed the interaction of personality, goals, and healthy lifestyle behaviors among older adults was reviewed. In addition, interview responses from older adults regarding their experiences in participating in a real-life physical activity intervention and its relationship with their personality traits and goal setting were synthesized using content analysis. RESULTS The current review highlights the relationship between healthy living practices, goal setting, and personalities, and it is backed up and expanded upon by interviews with participants. People with different personality types are likely to have diverse views on HLBs. Individuals who are more conscientiousness or extraverted are more likely to adopt HLBs than those who are not. DISCUSSION It is suggested that a meta-analysis should be conducted on the relationship between personality, goal setting, and physical exercise or other specific HLBs. In addition, future research should focus on various types of HLB therapies that take into account personality and goal setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yu Claudia Wong
- Department of Health and Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kai-ling Ou
- Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Pak Kwong Chung
- Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
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17
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Monni A, Collison KL, Hill KE, Oumeziane BA, Foti D. The novel frontal alpha asymmetry factor and its association with depression, anxiety, and personality traits. Psychophysiology 2022; 59:e14109. [PMID: 35616309 PMCID: PMC9532346 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Frontal alpha asymmetry (FAA) is widely examined in EEG research, yet a procedural consensus on its assessment is lacking. In this study, we tested a latent factorial approach to measure FAA. We assessed resting-state FAA at broad, low, and high alpha bands (8-13; 8-10.5; and 11-13 Hz) using mastoids as reference electrodes and Current Source Density (CSD) transformation (N = 139 non-clinical participants). From mastoid-referenced data, we extracted a frontal alpha asymmetry factor (FAAf) and a parietal factor (PAAf) subjecting all asymmetry indices to a varimax-rotated, principal component analysis. We explored split-half reliability and discriminant validity of the mastoid factors and the mastoid and CSD raw asymmetry indices (F3/4, F7/8, P3/4, and P7/8). Both factor and raw scores reached an excellent split-half reliability (>.99), but only the FAAf reached the maximum discriminant validity from parietal scores. Next, we explored the correlations of latent factor and raw FAA scores with symptoms of depression, anxiety, and personality traits to determine which associations were driven by FAA after variance from parietal activity was removed. After correcting for false discovery rate, only FAAf at the low alpha band was negatively associated with depression symptoms (a latent CES-D factor) and significantly diverged from PAAf's association with depression symptoms. With respect to personality traits, only CSD-transformed F7/8 was positively correlated with Conscientiousness and significantly diverged from the correlations between Conscientiousness and P3/4 and P7/8. Overall, the latent factor approach shows promise for isolating functionally distinct resting-state EEG signatures, although further research is needed to examine construct validity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Monni
- Department of Psychology, University of Rome ‘La Sapienza’, Rome, Italy
- Department of Education, Psychology, Philosophy, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | | | - Kaylin E. Hill
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Belel Ait Oumeziane
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Dan Foti
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
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18
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Forgas-Coll S, Huertas-Garcia R, Andriella A, Alenyà G. Does the Personality of Consumers Influence the Assessment of the Experience of Interaction with Social Robots? Int J Soc Robot 2022; 16:1-21. [PMID: 36247491 PMCID: PMC9548086 DOI: 10.1007/s12369-022-00935-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, in response to the effects of Covid-19, there has been an increase in the use of social robots in service organisations, as well as in the number of interactions between consumers and robots. However, it is not clear how consumers are valuing these experiences or what the main drivers that shape them are. Furthermore, it is an open research question whether these experiences undergone by consumers can be affected by their own personality. This study attempts to shed some light on these questions and, to do so, an experiment is proposed in which a sample of 378 participants evaluate a simulated front-office service experience delivered by a social robot. The authors investigate the underlying process that explains the experience and find that cognitive-functional factors, emphasising efficiency, have practically the same relevance as emotional factors, emphasising stimulation. In addition, this research identifies the personality traits of the participants and explores their moderating role in the evaluation of the experience. The results reveal that each personality trait, estimated between high and low poles, generates different responses in the evaluation of the experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Forgas-Coll
- Business Department, University of Barcelona, Avda. Diagonal, 690, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ruben Huertas-Garcia
- Business Department, University of Barcelona, Avda. Diagonal, 690, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Andriella
- Institut de Robòtica i Informàtica Industrial CSIC-UPC, C/ Llorens i Artigas 4-6, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Guillem Alenyà
- Institut de Robòtica i Informàtica Industrial CSIC-UPC, C/ Llorens i Artigas 4-6, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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19
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Conner M, Norman P. Understanding the intention-behavior gap: The role of intention strength. Front Psychol 2022; 13:923464. [PMID: 35992469 PMCID: PMC9386038 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.923464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This manuscript overviews recent research on the intention-behavior gap, focusing on moderators of the intention-behavior relationship. The manuscript draws on the concept of intention strength to make two important points. First, strong intentions provide better predictions of behavior, thereby reducing the intention-behavior gap. However, strong intentions have the additional features of being more stable over time, less pliable in the face of interventions to change them, and more likely to bias information processing about engaging in the behavior. These four features of intention strength are not independent. For example, stable intentions are likely to provide better predictions of behavior. Second, various predictors of strength (e.g., importance, certainty, extremity) may also constitute important, but little studied, moderators of the intention-behavior relationship. Moreover, the effects of these moderators of the intention-behavior relationship may be mediated through intention stability (and perhaps other features of intention strength). Future research on the intention-behavior gap would benefit from a more systematic consideration of a broad range of moderators of the intention-behavior relationship both individually and in combination. In addition, future research could usefully explore how these moderating effects might be explained. Such a systematic approach may further our understanding of the intention-behavior gap in relation to physical activity and other behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Conner
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Mark Conner,
| | - Paul Norman
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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20
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Macía P, Gorbeña S, Barranco M, Iglesias N, Iraurgi I. A global health model integrating psychological variables involved in cancer through a longitudinal study. Front Psychol 2022; 13:873849. [PMID: 35967626 PMCID: PMC9366101 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.873849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveThe literature has shown the relevance of certain psychological variables in adjustment to cancer. However, there is a great variability, and these features could be modified through the disease process. The aim of this study is to provide an integrated and global perspective of the importance of variables such as coping, resilience, emotional control, social support, affect, and others in cancer patients through a longitudinal study, with the objective of exploring their associations and underlying interactions.MethodsThe sample was composed of 71 people diagnosed with cancer who were attending psychological support at the Spanish Association Against Cancer (Biscay). We assessed the following variables in two periods of 6 months: perceived stress (PSS), emotional control (CECS), resilience (CD-RISC), coping strategies (CERQ), personality (NEOFFI), social support (MOSS), affect (PANAS), emotional distress (GHQ), quality of life (SF-12) and visual-analogic scales (EVA).ResultsResults showed predictive effects of perceived stress on physical health perception (β = −0.22; t = −3.26; p = 0.002). Mental health perception was influenced by almost all the psychological variables. Consciousness at baseline (βCo = 0.15; p = 0.003), change in Extraversion (βEx = 0.16; p = 0.001) and Resilience (βRe = 0.15; p = 0.002) had significant effects on perceived mental health.ConclusionThis study provides a global health model that integrates and explores associations between psychological variables related to cancer disease. This information could be useful for guiding personalized psychotherapeutic interventions, with the aim of increasing adjustment to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Macía
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Basque Country, UPV/EHU, San Sebastian, Spain
- *Correspondence: Patricia Macía,
| | - Susana Gorbeña
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain
| | | | - Nerea Iglesias
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Ioseba Iraurgi
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain
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21
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Giorgi S, Nguyen KL, Eichstaedt JC, Kern ML, Yaden DB, Kosinski M, Seligman MEP, Ungar LH, Schwartz HA, Park G. Regional personality assessment through social media language. J Pers 2022; 90:405-425. [PMID: 34536229 PMCID: PMC9714561 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We explore the personality of counties as assessed through linguistic patterns on social media. Such studies were previously limited by the cost and feasibility of large-scale surveys; however, language-based computational models applied to large social media datasets now allow for large-scale personality assessment. METHOD We applied a language-based assessment of the five factor model of personality to 6,064,267 U.S. Twitter users. We aggregated the Twitter-based personality scores to 2,041 counties and compared to political, economic, social, and health outcomes measured through surveys and by government agencies. RESULTS There was significant personality variation across counties. Openness to experience was higher on the coasts, conscientiousness was uniformly spread, extraversion was higher in southern states, agreeableness was higher in western states, and emotional stability was highest in the south. Across 13 outcomes, language-based personality estimates replicated patterns that have been observed in individual-level and geographic studies. This includes higher Republican vote share in less agreeable counties and increased life satisfaction in more conscientious counties. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that regions vary in their personality and that these differences can be studied through computational linguistic analysis of social media. Furthermore, these methods may be used to explore other psychological constructs across geographies.
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22
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Damian RI, Serrano S, Matchanova A, Morgan EE, Woods SP. Personality and Everyday Functioning in Older Adults With and Without HIV. J Clin Psychol Med Settings 2022; 29:120-136. [PMID: 34036476 PMCID: PMC8613313 DOI: 10.1007/s10880-021-09783-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In a cross-sectional multi-method study of older adults living with and without HIV (n = 202; 69.8% HIV seropositive), we tested associations between personality traits and everyday functioning, and whether these associations differed depending on HIV serostatus. We found that higher levels of conscientiousness and lower levels of neuroticism were associated with higher odds of being clinically independent (vs. dependent) in everyday functioning. These findings replicated across self- and clinician-reports and persisted above and beyond relevant covariates. We found no evidence of interactions between personality and HIV serostatus, suggesting that personality was equally important for everyday functioning regardless of HIV serostatus. Given the present findings and the knowledge that personality is dynamic and amenable to intervention, we discuss two different possible pathways for intervention meant to improve everyday functioning and quality of life among older adults with and without HIV: personality change and personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Erin E. Morgan
- Department of Psychiatry; University of California, San Diego; San Diego, CA
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23
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Luo J, Zhang B, Estabrook R, Graham EK, Driver CC, Schalet BD, Turiano NA, Spiro A, Mroczek DK. Personality and health: Disentangling their between-person and within-person relationship in three longitudinal studies. J Pers Soc Psychol 2022; 122:493-522. [PMID: 35157486 PMCID: PMC8867777 DOI: 10.1037/pspp0000399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Personality traits and physical health both change over the life span. Theoretical models and empirical evidence suggest that these changes are related. The current study investigated the dynamic relations between personality traits and physical health at both the between-person and the within-person levels. Data were drawn from three longitudinal studies: the Veterans Affairs Normative Aging Study (NAS; N = 1,734), the Longitudinal Internet Studies for the Social Sciences (LISS; N = 13,559), and the Swedish Adoption/Twin Study of Aging (SATSA, N = 2,209). Using random intercept cross-lagged panel models (RI-CLPMs) and the continuous time (CT) models, after controlling the between-person variance, generally, evidence was found for bidirectional associations between changes in neuroticism and extraversion and changes in self-rated health and general disease level. Bidirectional associations between changes in neuroticism and change in cardiovascular diseases and central nervous system diseases were observed only when time was modeled as continuous. We also found within-person associations between changes in neuroticism and extraversion and changes in performance-based ratings of motor functioning impairment. According to the current findings, the dynamic within-person relations between personality traits and health outcomes were largely in the direction consistent with their between-person connections, although the within-person relationships were substantially smaller in strength when compared their between-person counterparts. Findings from the current study highlight the importance of distinguishing between-person and within-person effects when examining the longitudinal relationship between personality traits and health. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Luo
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 625 N. Michigan Ave., Chicago, IL 60611 USA
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, 4235 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843 USA
| | - Ryne Estabrook
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1007 W. Harrison St., Chicago, IL 60607 USA
| | - Eileen K. Graham
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 625 N. Michigan Ave., Chicago, IL 60611 USA
| | - Charles C. Driver
- Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Humboldt University, Lentzeallee 94, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Benjamin D. Schalet
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 625 N. Michigan Ave., Chicago, IL 60611 USA
| | - Nicholas A. Turiano
- Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, 1124 Life Sciences Building, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA
| | - Avron Spiro
- Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research & Information Center (MAVERIC), VA Boston Healthcare System, 150 S. Huntington Ave., Jamaica Plain, MA 02130 USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, 715 Albany St., Boston, MA 02118 USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, 720 Harrison Ave., Boston, MA 02118 USA
| | - Daniel K. Mroczek
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 625 N. Michigan Ave., Chicago, IL 60611 USA.,Department of Psychology, Weinberg College of Arts & Sciences, Northwestern University, 2029 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208 USA
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24
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The grandiose narcissism*self-esteem interaction: dynamic Nomological networks of grandiose narcissism and self-esteem. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-02516-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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25
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Di Sarno M, Costantini G, Richetin J, Preti E, Perugini M. Why are you (un)conscientious? The dynamic interplay of goals, states, and traits in everyday life. J Pers 2022. [PMID: 35037250 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Personality involves both trait and state components, personal goals serving a crucial regulatory function for the expression of personality states. The present study investigates the dynamic interplay between conscientiousness-related goals, conscientious personality states, and trait conscientiousness. A sample of 244 community participants responded to a baseline survey (T1), a 5-times-a-day Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) for 15 days, and a post-EMA survey (T2). Pre-registered multilevel analyses indicated significant contemporaneous positive and negative associations between momentary conscientious and unconscientious goals and state conscientiousness, respectively. Cross-lagged associations also emerged, with goals predicting future states of conscientiousness. A latent growth model was fitted on a subsample of participants (N = 159). Results indicated that change in trait conscientiousness from T1 to T2 was explained by growth in conscientiousness-related goals during the EMA phase, with a mediating effect of growth in state conscientiousness. Overall, the results corroborate the importance of goals for modeling contemporaneous and cross-lagged personality dynamics, both in short and longer timeframes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Di Sarno
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy.,Personality Disorders Lab (PDlab), Milano-Parma, Italy
| | - Giulio Costantini
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy.,Bicocca Center for Applied Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy
| | - Juliette Richetin
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy.,Bicocca Center for Applied Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy
| | - Emanuele Preti
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy.,Personality Disorders Lab (PDlab), Milano-Parma, Italy.,Bicocca Center for Applied Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy
| | - Marco Perugini
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy.,Bicocca Center for Applied Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy
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26
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Bessey D. Determinants of Lifestyle Choices Among South Korean College Students: An Experimental Analysis. Healthc Policy 2022; 15:93-105. [PMID: 35082543 PMCID: PMC8786388 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s333968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Based on theoretical predictions from human capital theory, the aim of this exploratory study is to analyze the relationship between experimentally elicited, incentivized economic preference parameters, Big Five and Grit personality traits, cognitive ability, and the Alameda Seven lifestyles: smoking, drinking excessively, being overweight or obese, experiencing stress, following a healthy diet, exercising, and sleeping enough. In addition, self-reported general physical and mental health are analyzed. Materials and Methods Data collection took place in an incentivized paper-and-pencil experiment. Undergraduate students were recruited as subjects, with the requirement that they be freshmen, but no restrictions based on gender, major, or age. A pre-test and three experimental sessions were conducted in March and in April 2018, with a total of 178 subjects participating. After deleting observations with missing values, a total of n = 138 subjects remained. Regression analysis (multivariate probit models, resulting marginal effects and changes in predicted probabilities of adopting a lifestyle for “ideal types”) was used to analyze and compare the determinants of the Alameda Seven health behaviors. Results Findings suggest that preference parameters, a measure of cognitive ability, and Big Five personality traits are statistically significantly estimated in regressions for the determinants of adopting Alameda Seven health behaviors, but the Grit score is only statistically significantly estimated in a regression for the determinants of reported better general mental health. Conclusion The findings regarding preference parameters partly lend support to predictions from human capital theory and partly confirm previous findings in health psychology. Those results might be explained by the relatively small sample size and the inclusion of a measure of cognitive ability in addition to personality traits and preferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donata Bessey
- EastAsia International College, Yonsei University (Mirae Campus), Wonju, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: Donata Bessey EastAsia International College, Yonsei University (Mirae Campus), Yonseidae-gil 1, Jeongui Hall, Wonju, 26493, Gangwon-do, Republic of KoreaTel +82-33-760-2276 Email
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Kummer S, Dalkner N, Schwerdtfeger A, Hamm C, Schwalsberger K, Reininghaus B, Krammer G, Reininghaus E. The conscientiousness-health link in depression: Results from a path analysis. J Affect Disord 2021; 295:1220-1228. [PMID: 34706436 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This was the first study aiming to develop a theory-based model to analyze the relation between conscientiousness and impaired physical health as well as between conscientiousness and subjective health-related well-being within a large clinical sample with depressive symptomatology. In addition, a mediating effect of health risk behaviors regarding the association between conscientiousness and objectively impaired physical health as well as subjective health-related well-being were exploratory examined. METHODS Individuals with depressive symptoms (n = 943) with a mean age of 52 years (ranging between 20 and 78 years) undergoing intensive psychiatric rehabilitation treatment were investigated with the Big Five Inventory-10 as well as several self-report health questionnaires (Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire, Food-Craving Inventory and lifestyle questions assessing physical inactivity and alcohol consumption). Health-related well-being was measured using the World Health Organisation Quality of Life Assessment and the construct of impaired physical health comprised anthropometric measurements (Body Mass Index, Waist-to-Height-Ratio), blood lipids, and impaired physical performance capacity on the bicycle-ergometric test. RESULTS Structural path analyses revealed that unhealthy eating habits and physical inactivity partially mediated the negative relation between conscientiousness and impaired physical health as well as the positive relation between conscientiousness and health-related well-being. LIMITATIONS Possible limitations include cross-sectional study design, missing data, assessment of conscientiousness on a global level and self-report assessment of health risk behaviors. CONCLUSIONS The findings highlight the importance concerning the extended inclusion of personality aspects in the treatment of depression in order to improve health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Kummer
- Institute of Psychology, Karl-Franzens University Graz, Austria
| | - Nina Dalkner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Austria.
| | - Andreas Schwerdtfeger
- Institute of Psychology, Karl-Franzens University Graz, Austria; BioTechMed Graz, Austria
| | - Carlo Hamm
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Austria; Therapiezentrum Justuspark, Bad Hall, Austria
| | - Karin Schwalsberger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Austria; Therapiezentrum Justuspark, Bad Hall, Austria
| | - Bernd Reininghaus
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Austria; Therapiezentrum Justuspark, Bad Hall, Austria
| | - Georg Krammer
- University College of Teacher Education Styria, Graz, Austria
| | - Eva Reininghaus
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Austria
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Gorgol J, Waleriańczyk W, Stolarski M. The moderating role of personality traits in the relationship between chronotype and depressive symptoms. Chronobiol Int 2021; 39:106-116. [PMID: 34612109 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2021.1979995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Due to the undeniably morning orientation of the social clock, the evening chronotype can be associated with negative consequences, both at the affective and cognitive levels. Evening-oriented individuals are more susceptible to affective disorders, show poorer educational achievements and consume stimulants more often than morning-oriented individuals. However, little is known about potential factors that may attenuate or amplify these negative emotional consequences of the evening preference. Thus, our aim was to examine whether personality traits interplay with chronotype in predicting depressive symptoms. We assessed the Big Five and the Big Two personality traits, morningness-eveningness and depressive symptoms in an online sample of 913 Polish individuals (468 females, 445 males), aged 18-35 (M = 26.34, SD = 5.15). Eveningness, higher neuroticism, lower conscientiousness and lower alpha-stability were associated with higher depressive symptoms. The magnitude of the association between eveningness and depressive symptoms decreased with higher conscientiousness and alpha-stability, as well as with lower neuroticism. In conclusion, high neuroticism, low conscientiousness and low alpha-stability increase the risk of depressive symptoms, particularly among evening chronotypes. The patients' chronotypes and personality traits should be taken into account in both the prevention and diagnostics of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Gorgol
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Abstract
Abstract. This review appraises evidence for the role of personality in COVID-19 related emotions and behaviors. Three key models of personality are considered: the Five-factor Model, HEXACO model, and Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory (RST). In line with personality research, more generally, most studies focus on the Five-Factor model. Key findings are that neuroticism is most associated with poor mental health, and extraversion is associated with a reluctance to socially isolate. Conscientiousness predicts compliance with safety guidelines but also with fewer prosocial behaviors, particularly stockpiling. Research within the HEXACO framework largely confirms these findings, especially for emotionality and mental health. The additional HEXACO Honesty-Humility factor is found to be associated with prosocial views and abstention from panic buying. Studies based on the Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory of personality indicate emotional conflict as people wish to stay safe while maintaining a sense of normality. Behavioral compliance is driven by activation in the Fight-Flight-Freeze System (FFFS; fear-related) and the Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS; anxiety-related). The Behavioral Approach System (BAS) is implicated in approach-driven behaviors such as avoiding infection. These findings have implications for health communications and post-pandemic support.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dino Krupić
- Department of Psychology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Croatia
| | - Nese Caki
- Department of Labour Economics and Industrial Relations, Istanbul University, Turkey
| | - Philip J. Corr
- Department of Psychology, City, University of London, UK
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Parenting styles and types: Breastfeeding attitudes in a large sample of mothers. Midwifery 2021; 103:103142. [PMID: 34562688 DOI: 10.1016/j.midw.2021.103142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The importance of breastfeeding for both maternal and infant health is well established. However, it remains the case that only a small percentage of infants are breastfed after the first six months of life. Maternal negative breastfeeding attitudes are associated with a reduced likelihood of breastfeeding an infant, but they are a malleable target for practitioner interventions. By adjusting perceptions, and therefore behaviours within the population, maternal and infant health outcomes may be improved. As such, it is important to understand whether certain types of mother might feel more negatively about breastfeeding. Here. we investigated the relationships between parenting styles, personality traits, and breastfeeding attitudes. In addition, we aimed to address the interrelated nature of parenting styles by identifying 'types' of mother who may feel more negatively about breastfeeding. DESIGN A cross-sectional survey was used in order to measure parenting styles, personality traits, and attitudes to breastfeeding. PARTICIPANTS A sample of 1,347 mothers (age M = 31.4 years, SD = 7.4 years) participated. Recruitment took place through online mother and baby groups based predominantly in the United Kingdom. RESULTS More permissive and less uninvolved mothers felt positively about breastfeeding, but limited associations between personality factors and breastfeeding attitudes were found. We applied a cluster analytical approach to investigate whether there were particular 'types' of mothers in our sample, and if these showed systematic differences. Our analyses revealed two profiles, best described as 'high nurturance' (high scoring on authoritative and permissive) and 'low nurturance' (low scoring on these dimensions). These two types of mother showed significant differences along all four parenting styles, and our 'high nurturance' type was more conscientious and emotionally stable, and felt more positively about breastfeeding. CONCLUSIONS Parenting styles were associated with breastfeeding attitudes. Through identifying an underlying nurturance dimension that best explains differences in parenting styles across mothers, we provide a potential avenue to improving breastfeeding attitudes. By focussing on 'low nurturance' mothers in particular, professionals may be able to provide interventions to improve breastfeeding attitudes and, as a result, address low rates of breastfeeding in the UK.
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Padashian F, Yadollahi P, Doostfatemeh M, Moshfeghy Z. Examining exclusive breastfeeding in Iranian mothers using the five-factor model of personality traits. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2021; 17:51-56. [PMID: 35140565 PMCID: PMC8801466 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2021.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The initiation of exclusive breastfeeding and its continuation plays a vital role in maternal and child health. This study investigates the prediction of exclusive breastfeeding in Iranian mothers using the five-factor model. Methods A descriptive correlational study was conducted using cluster random sampling. and 120 mothers with children aged 6 to 12 months, referred to health centres of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences in Valfagr and Enghelab in Iran, participated in this cross-sectional study. The participants were requested to fill 3 questionnaire containing demographic questionnaire, the exclusive breastfeeding scale, and the Big Five factors (BFF) questionnaire of personality traits. The data were collected between May and December 2019 and analysed using Pearson's correlation coefficient and multiple regression. Results The results showed that the agreeableness trait had the highest score (mean score = 16.13, SD = 2.10) and the neuroticism trait had the lowest score (mean score = 12.13, SD = 2.68). The main results indicated a significant relationship between the extraversion trait and exclusive breastfeeding (r = 0.36, p < 0.01). In the regression analysis, the results were indicative of the positive prediction of exclusive breastfeeding for the extraversion (p < 0.01, β = 0.43) and the conscientiousness traits (p < 0.05, β = 0.18). Conclusions Personality traits may potentially affect exclusive breastfeeding and could be a useful tool in reducing impediments to exclusive breastfeeding and in identifying mothers who need more mental support.
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Personality and reasoning ability during retirement age: Report from a Swedish population-based longitudinal study. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2021.104126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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de Visser RO, Conroy D, Davies E, Cooke R. Understanding Motivation to Adhere to Guidelines for Alcohol Intake, Physical Activity, and Fruit and Vegetable Intake Among U.K. University Students. HEALTH EDUCATION & BEHAVIOR 2021; 48:480-487. [PMID: 33593081 PMCID: PMC8278553 DOI: 10.1177/1090198120988251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To encourage people to lead healthier lifestyles, governments in many countries publish guidelines for alcohol intake, physical activity (PA), and fruit and vegetable (FV) intake. However, there is a need for better understanding of whether people understand such guidelines, consider them useful, and adhere to them. University students are a group worthy of attention because although they are less likely than older adults to exceed U.K. weekly alcohol intake guidelines or to be inactive, they are also less likely to meet FV consumption targets. Furthermore, because behavior during youth predicts adult behavior, it is important to identify influences on healthier behavior. METHOD An online survey was completed by 559 U.K. university students. Key outcome variables were knowledge of guidelines, motivation to adhere to them, and adherence to them. RESULTS A total of 72% adhered to guidelines for alcohol intake, 58% for PA, and 20% for FV intake. Students generally had poor or moderate knowledge of guidelines, perceived them as only moderately useful, and were only moderately motivated to adhere to them. Greater motivation to adhere to guidelines was not significantly related to more accurate knowledge. However, it was related to greater familiarity, and perceiving guidelines as useful and realistic, and greater conscientiousness. DISCUSSION There is a need to ensure that students understand the U.K. guidelines for alcohol intake, PA, and FV intake. However, simply increasing knowledge may not lead to greater adherence to the guidelines: There is also a need to focus on improving perceptions of how useful and realistic they are.
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Herb Neff KM, Schuh LM, Saules KK, Creel DB, Stote JJ, Schuh KM, Inman M. Psychological Functioning and Health Behaviors Associated with Weight Loss Patterns up to 13.7 Years After Weight Loss Surgery. J Clin Psychol Med Settings 2021; 28:833-843. [PMID: 34324141 DOI: 10.1007/s10880-021-09807-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Weight loss surgery produces dramatic health improvements immediately after surgery, including rapid declines in diabetes. However, less is known about its long-term effects. 124 St. Vincent Bariatric Center patients completed questionnaires on weight and psychological functioning a mean of 7.7 and 13.7 years post-surgery (T1 and T2, respectively). Because mean weight data may mask differing weight trajectories, participants were categorized based on weight over time. Most participants underwent Roux-En-Y gastric bypass (90.3%) and were Caucasian (96%), female (81.5%), and married (69.1%). Mean age at T2 was 64; mean %EWL was 64.9%. Most patients fit into one of three weight change patterns, reaching weight nadir, and regaining by T1 and then, by T2, experiencing (1) Weight Loss (n = 36), (2) Weight Maintenance (n = 37), or (3) Continued Weight Gain (n = 39). Groups differed significantly on body satisfaction, weighing frequency, and conscientiousness, with Weight Gainers significantly lower than other groups on conscientiousness and body satisfaction, and Weight Losers reporting higher frequency of weighing than Maintainers. Bariatric patients can maintain substantial weight loss and positive psychological functioning for many years post-surgery, although weight regain is associated with less body satisfaction. Conscientiousness may signify medical adherence, whereas frequent weighing may be a behavior that promotes ongoing weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leslie M Schuh
- St. Vincent Bariatrics, Ascension St. Vincent Carmel Hospital, Carmel, IN, USA
| | - Karen K Saules
- Department of Psychology, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, MI, USA. .,Community Behavioral Health Clinic, Eastern Michigan University, 1075 North Huron River Drive, Ypsilanti, MI, 48197, USA.
| | - David B Creel
- St. Vincent Bariatrics, Ascension St. Vincent Carmel Hospital, Carmel, IN, USA.,Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Joseph J Stote
- St. Vincent Bariatrics, Ascension St. Vincent Carmel Hospital, Carmel, IN, USA
| | - Kristen M Schuh
- St. Vincent Bariatrics, Ascension St. Vincent Carmel Hospital, Carmel, IN, USA.,Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Margaret Inman
- St. Vincent Bariatrics, Ascension St. Vincent Carmel Hospital, Carmel, IN, USA
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The Role of Social Health and Demographic Factors in Bread Quality: An Ecological Study in Isfahan, Iran. J FOOD QUALITY 2021. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/6654573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Social health has been defined as participation in and responsibility for social processes. Because bread is considered an essential staple food in Iran, several social policies have been implemented to improve the quality of bread, regardless of social aspects. The current study aims to investigate the relationship between bread quality, bakers’ social health, and demographic factors. This was a cross-sectional ecological study conducted in Isfahan, Iran. Stratified sampling was used to select 171 traditional bakeries from Isfahan’s 15 municipality districts. The Adult Social Health Questionnaire was used to collect data. A laboratory test was employed to obtain data on bread quality. The Spearman correlation test, bivariate logistic regression, and multiple logistic regression were applied to analyze the data. The results showed that 36.26% of bakeries had pH ≤ 6 (high-quality bread) and 63.74% of them had pH > 6 (bread quality was low). The use of baking soda had a negative relationship with bakers’ social health (
value = 0.029). According to the findings, low social health increased the likelihood of producing low-quality bread by 53% when compared to high social health. Education, specifically illiteracy and semiliteracy, increased the risk of low-quality bread production by 35% and 27%, respectively. Through responsibility, consciousness, and empathy, social health is linked to bread quality. This implies that health policies could be tailored to address the social health of bakeries in order to improve bread quality.
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Ausmees L, Talts M, Allik J, Vainik U, Sikka TT, Nikopensius T, Esko T, Realo A. Taking risks to feel excitement: Detailed personality profile and genetic associations. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/08902070211019242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study mapped the personality and genetics of risky excitement-seekers focusing on skydiving behavior. We compared 298 skydivers to 298 demographically matched controls across the NEO Personality Inventory-3 domains, facets, and 240 items. The most significant item-level effects were aggregated into a poly-item score of skydiving-associated personality markers (Study 1), where higher scores describe individuals who enjoy risky situations but have no self-control issues. The skydiving-associated personality marker score was associated with greater physical activity, higher rate of traumatic injuries, and better mental health in a sample of 3558 adults (Study 2). From genetic perspective, we associated skydiving behavior with 19 candidate variants that have previously been linked to excitement-seeking (Study 1). Polymorphisms in the SERT gene were the strongest predictors of skydiving, but the false discovery rate-adjusted (FDR-adjusted) p-values were non-significant. In Study 2, we predicted the skydiving-associated personality marker score and E5: Excitement-seeking from multiple risk-taking polygenic scores, using publicly available summary data from genome-wide association studies. While E5: Excitement-seeking was most strongly predicted by general risk tolerance and risky behaviors’ polygenic scores, the skydiving-associated personality marker score was most strongly associated with the adventurousness polygenic scores. Phenotypic and polygenic scores associations suggest that skydiving is a specific—perhaps more functional—form of excitement-seeking, which may nevertheless lead to physical injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liisi Ausmees
- Institute of Psychology, University of Tartu, Estonia
| | - Maie Talts
- Institute of Psychology, University of Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jüri Allik
- Institute of Psychology, University of Tartu, Estonia
- Estonian Academy of Sciences, Estonia
| | - Uku Vainik
- Institute of Psychology, University of Tartu, Estonia
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Canada
| | | | | | - Tõnu Esko
- Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Estonia
| | - Anu Realo
- Institute of Psychology, University of Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, UK
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Older adults' vaccine hesitancy: Psychosocial factors associated with influenza, pneumococcal, and shingles vaccine uptake. Vaccine 2021; 39:3520-3527. [PMID: 34023136 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.04.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Influenza, pneumococcal disease, and shingles (herpes zoster) are more prevalent in older people. These illnesses are preventable via vaccination, but uptake is low and decreasing. Little research has focused on understanding the psychosocial reasons behind older adults' hesitancy towards different vaccines. A cross-sectional survey with 372 UK-based adults aged 65-92 years (M = 70.5) assessed awareness and uptake of the influenza, pneumococcal, and shingles vaccines. Participants provided health and socio-demographic data and completed two scales measuring the psychosocial factors associated with vaccination behaviour. Self-reported daily functioning, cognitive difficulties, and social support were also assessed. Participants were additionally given the opportunity to provide free text responses outlining up to three main reasons for their vaccination decisions. We found that considerably more participants had received the influenza vaccine in the last 12 months (83.6%), relative to having ever received the pneumococcal (60.2%) and shingles vaccines (58.9%). Participants were more aware of their eligibility for the influenza vaccine, and were more likely to have been offered it. Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that a lower sense of collective responsibility independently predicted lack of uptake of all three vaccines. Greater calculation of disease and vaccination risk, and preference for natural immunity, also predicted not getting the influenza vaccine. For both the pneumococcal and shingles vaccines, concerns about profiteering further predicted lack of uptake. Analysis of the qualitative responses highlighted that participants vaccinated to protect their own health and that of others. Our findings suggest that interventions targeted towards older adults would benefit from being vaccine-specific and that they should emphasise disease risks and vaccine benefits for the individual, as well as the benefits of vaccination for the wider community. These findings can help inform intervention development aimed at increasing vaccination uptake in future.
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Hu Y, Wang Z, Lü W. Conscientiousness and perceived physical symptoms: Mediating effect of life events stress and moderating role of resting respiratory sinus arrhythmia. J Health Psychol 2021; 27:1819-1832. [PMID: 33878900 DOI: 10.1177/13591053211008225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the possible psychophysiological links between conscientiousness and perceived physical symptoms by examining the mediating role of life events stress and the moderating role of resting respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA). Participants participated in the collection of questionnaire data and physiological data (N = 396). Results showed life events stress mediated the association between conscientiousness and perceived physical symptoms, and the indirect effect was only significant among individuals with lower resting RSA. Findings indicate that low resting RSA as a risk-amplifying physiological marker may magnify the relationship that low conscientiousness affects physical symptoms by increasing life events stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Hu
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Research Center of Child Mental and Behavioral Health, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhenhong Wang
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Research Center of Child Mental and Behavioral Health, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wei Lü
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Research Center of Child Mental and Behavioral Health, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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Roso-Bas F, Alonso-Llobregat MD, Bento L, Sanchez-Gonzalez B, Herraez I, Garcia-Dilla P, Vallespir C, Rado F, Rodriguez R, Garcia-Pallarols F, Aguirre I, Bargay J, Sampol A, Salar A, Gutierrez A. Analysis of Personality Traits in Patients with Hodgkin Lymphoma. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10081631. [PMID: 33921383 PMCID: PMC8069925 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10081631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is a highly-curable malignancy mostly affecting young people. As far as we know, there is no published study that has analyzed personality profiles in HL nor their potential role in lymphomagenesis, natural history, or response to treatment. We aim to explore the personality traits of HL patients, as well as the prevalence of mental disorders and suicide ideas. We retrospectively identified all alive HL patients from three centers (Son Espases and Son Llatzer University Hospitals and Hospital del Mar of Barcelona) for using NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) and Personality Inventory for DSM-5 Brief Form. Patients with HL showed significantly higher neuroticism scores and lower conscientiousness, extraversion, and openness. Considering maladaptive personality traits, HL patients showed higher levels of detachment and psychoticism. All of these translated into the fact that HL patients showed more than double the prevalence of mental illnesses (41%) and more than triple the prevalence of suicidal ideation or attempts than the general population (15 and 6%, respectively). An exploratory analysis of biomarkers associated with HL personality traits showed that higher scores of neuroticism correlated with more elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and red cell distribution width (RDW), suggesting a potential link between neuroticism and proinflammatory activity in HL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Roso-Bas
- Clinical Practice and Biology of the Hematological Malignancies Research Group, IdISBa, Son Espases University Hospital, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (F.R.-B.); (M.D.A.-L.); (L.B.); (I.H.); (J.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Maria Dolores Alonso-Llobregat
- Clinical Practice and Biology of the Hematological Malignancies Research Group, IdISBa, Son Espases University Hospital, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (F.R.-B.); (M.D.A.-L.); (L.B.); (I.H.); (J.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Leyre Bento
- Clinical Practice and Biology of the Hematological Malignancies Research Group, IdISBa, Son Espases University Hospital, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (F.R.-B.); (M.D.A.-L.); (L.B.); (I.H.); (J.B.); (A.S.)
- Unit of Lymphoma, Department of Hematology, Son Espases University Hospital, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Blanca Sanchez-Gonzalez
- Department of Hematology, Hospital del Mar, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (B.S.-G.); (P.G.-D.); (F.G.-P.); (A.S.)
- IMIM, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ines Herraez
- Clinical Practice and Biology of the Hematological Malignancies Research Group, IdISBa, Son Espases University Hospital, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (F.R.-B.); (M.D.A.-L.); (L.B.); (I.H.); (J.B.); (A.S.)
- Department of Hematology. Son Llatzer University Hospital, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Pilar Garcia-Dilla
- Department of Hematology, Hospital del Mar, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (B.S.-G.); (P.G.-D.); (F.G.-P.); (A.S.)
| | - Catalina Vallespir
- Service of Psychiatry, Son Espases University Hospital, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (C.V.); (F.R.); (I.A.)
| | - Francesca Rado
- Service of Psychiatry, Son Espases University Hospital, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (C.V.); (F.R.); (I.A.)
| | - Raquel Rodriguez
- Psychosocial Support Team, Son Llatzer University Hospital, 07198 Palma de Mallorca, Spain;
| | - Francesc Garcia-Pallarols
- Department of Hematology, Hospital del Mar, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (B.S.-G.); (P.G.-D.); (F.G.-P.); (A.S.)
| | - Irache Aguirre
- Service of Psychiatry, Son Espases University Hospital, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (C.V.); (F.R.); (I.A.)
| | - Joan Bargay
- Clinical Practice and Biology of the Hematological Malignancies Research Group, IdISBa, Son Espases University Hospital, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (F.R.-B.); (M.D.A.-L.); (L.B.); (I.H.); (J.B.); (A.S.)
- Department of Hematology. Son Llatzer University Hospital, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Antonia Sampol
- Clinical Practice and Biology of the Hematological Malignancies Research Group, IdISBa, Son Espases University Hospital, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (F.R.-B.); (M.D.A.-L.); (L.B.); (I.H.); (J.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Antonio Salar
- Department of Hematology, Hospital del Mar, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (B.S.-G.); (P.G.-D.); (F.G.-P.); (A.S.)
- IMIM, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Gutierrez
- Clinical Practice and Biology of the Hematological Malignancies Research Group, IdISBa, Son Espases University Hospital, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (F.R.-B.); (M.D.A.-L.); (L.B.); (I.H.); (J.B.); (A.S.)
- Unit of Lymphoma, Department of Hematology, Son Espases University Hospital, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-(8)-7120-5000 (ext. 65115)
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Krupić D, Žuro B, Krupić D. Big Five traits, approach-avoidance motivation, concerns and adherence with COVID-19 prevention guidelines during the peak of pandemic in Croatia. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2021; 179:110913. [PMID: 33850340 PMCID: PMC8031466 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2021.110913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Without the vaccine, the only way to prevent the spread of coronavirus is following Covid-19 preventive guidelines such as keeping social distance, wearing masks and gloves, reducing mobility, etc. Success depends on how many individuals strictly follow the suggestions from epidemiologists. In this study, we examined who and why is adhering to the guidelines. A community sample of 500 participants fulfilled a short Big Five Inventory (BFI), Questionnaire of Approach and Avoidance Motivation (QAAM), and two scales constructed according to the Covid-19 epidemiological guidelines in Croatia. The results of the hierarchical regression analysis indicate that agreeable and conscientious individuals are complying more with preventive measures. In addition, approach, not avoidance, motivation appears to be more important in following the guidelines. Results are discussed in terms of framing messages to explain goals that might be reached by compliant behaviour rather than emphasising the negative consequences of the pandemic. Emphasising negative consequences seems to produce negative emotional states with no beneficial changes on the behavioural level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dino Krupić
- Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Osijek, Croatia
| | - Barbara Žuro
- Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Osijek, Croatia.,Peter McVerry Trust, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Dajana Krupić
- Centre for Psychological Counselling and Research Norvel, Croatia
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López-Fernández A, Villacampa G, Grau E, Salinas M, Darder E, Carrasco E, Torres-Esquius S, Iglesias S, Solanes A, Gadea N, Velasco A, Urgell G, Torres M, Tuset N, Brunet J, Corbella S, Balmaña J. Patients' and professionals' perspective of non-in-person visits in hereditary cancer: predictors and impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Genet Med 2021; 23:1450-1457. [PMID: 33824504 PMCID: PMC8023774 DOI: 10.1038/s41436-021-01157-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify predictors of patient acceptance of non-in-person cancer genetic visits before and after the COVID-19 pandemic and assess the preferences of health-care professionals. METHODS Prospective multicenter cohort study (N = 578, 1 February 2018-20 April 2019) and recontacted during the COVID-19 lockdown in April 2020. Health-care professionals participated in May 2020. Association of personality traits and clinical factors with acceptance was assessed with multivariate analysis. RESULTS Before COVID-19, videoconference was more accepted than telephone-based visits (28% vs. 16% pretest, 30% vs. 19% post-test). Predictors for telephone visits were age (pretest, odds ratio [OR] 10-year increment = 0.79; post-test OR 10Y = 0.78); disclosure of panel testing (OR = 0.60), positive results (OR = 0.52), low conscientiousness group (OR = 2.87), and post-test level of uncertainty (OR = 0.93). Predictors for videoconference were age (pretest, OR 10Y = 0.73; post-test, OR 10Y = 0.75), educational level (pretest: OR = 1.61), low neuroticism (pretest, OR = 1.72), and post-test level of uncertainty (OR = 0.96). Patients' reported acceptance for non-in-person visits after COVID-19 increased to 92% for the pretest and 85% for the post-test. Health-care professionals only preferred non-in-person visits for disclosure of negative results (83%). CONCLUSION These new delivery models need to recognize challenges associated with age and the psychological characteristics of the population and embrace health-care professionals' preferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrià López-Fernández
- Hereditary Cancer Genetics Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Elia Grau
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Duran i Reynals Hospital, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mónica Salinas
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Duran i Reynals Hospital, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esther Darder
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Josep Trueta University Hospital, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Estela Carrasco
- Hereditary Cancer Genetics Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain.,Medical Oncology Department, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Torres-Esquius
- Hereditary Cancer Genetics Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia Iglesias
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Duran i Reynals Hospital, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ares Solanes
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Germans Trias i Pujol Hospital, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Neus Gadea
- Medical Oncology Department, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Angela Velasco
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Josep Trueta University Hospital, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gisela Urgell
- Genetic Counseling Unit, Arnau de Vilanova University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maite Torres
- Hereditary Cancer Genetics Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Noemí Tuset
- Genetic Counseling Unit, Arnau de Vilanova University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Brunet
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Josep Trueta University Hospital, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Corbella
- School of Psychology, Education and Sports Sciences. Ramon Llull University-Blanquerna, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Judith Balmaña
- Hereditary Cancer Genetics Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain. .,Medical Oncology Department, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain.
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42
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Robinson MD, Irvin RL, Persich MR. Ego effectiveness: A novel individual difference approach to health behavior and coping. J Health Psychol 2021; 27:1679-1696. [PMID: 33765849 DOI: 10.1177/13591053211001412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Taking care of one's health can require trading current feelings for longer-term considerations of health and well-being. The present research (total N = 366) sought to assess ego operations of this type in terms of the extent to which the self would be capable of responding to health-challenging situations in ways deemed to be effective. Ego effective individuals engaged in a greater frequency of health-protective behaviors as well as a lesser frequency of risky behaviors, both with respect to a peer protocol (Study 1) and a daily life protocol (Study 2). Findings are informative concerning multiple self-regulation perspectives on health.
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43
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Rettew DC, McGinnis EW, Copeland W, Nardone HY, Bai Y, Rettew J, Devadenam V, Hudziak JJ. Personality trait predictors of adjustment during the COVID pandemic among college students. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248895. [PMID: 33730075 PMCID: PMC7968652 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Personality traits have been found to be related to a variety of health outcomes. The aim of this study was to examine how personality traits were associated with adjustment to the COVID pandemic in college students. The sample included 484 first-year university students (76% female) attending a northeastern university who completed the Big Five Inventory (BFI) personality assessment at the beginning of a semester that was disrupted by the COVID pandemic. Using a phone-based app, students completed daily ratings of mood, perceived stress levels, and engagement in a number of health promotion activities (exercise, mindfulness, adequate sleep, etc.) throughout the semester both before and after the onset of the pandemic (e.g., a within-person longitudinal design). Results, as expected, showed that mood and wellness indices generally declined during the COVID period, although stress levels actually decreased. Further, irrespective of COVID, improved mood, less perceived stress and greater participation in health promotion activities were significantly associated with a number of personality traits including neuroticism (lower), extraversion (higher), agreeableness (higher), and conscientiousness (higher). Of primary interest, mixed-effects models were used to test how major personality traits interacted with any changes in daily ratings from the pre-COVID to COVID period. Significant interactions terms were found suggesting differential impacts of the COVID epidemic for students with low versus high levels of particular traits. Higher levels of extraversion, for example, were found to be related to decreases in mood as the pandemic progressed in contrast to those with lower extraversion, for whom there was a slight increase in mood over time. These data support the conclusion that personality traits are related to mental health and can play a role in a person's ability to cope with major stressful events. Different traits may also be more adaptive to different types of stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C. Rettew
- Department of Psychiatry, Vermont Center for Children, Youth, and Families, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States of America
- Vermont Department of Mental Health, Child, Adolescent, and Family Unit, Waterbury, VT, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Ellen W. McGinnis
- Department of Psychiatry, Vermont Center for Children, Youth, and Families, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States of America
| | - William Copeland
- Department of Psychiatry, Vermont Center for Children, Youth, and Families, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States of America
| | - Hilary Y. Nardone
- Wellness Environment, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States of America
| | - Yang Bai
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America
- Department of Rehabilitation and Movement Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States of America
| | - Jeff Rettew
- Wellness Environment, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States of America
| | - Vinay Devadenam
- Wellness Environment, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States of America
| | - James J. Hudziak
- Department of Psychiatry, Vermont Center for Children, Youth, and Families, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States of America
- Wellness Environment, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States of America
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Campos-Mercade P, Meier AN, Schneider FH, Wengström E. Prosociality predicts health behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic. JOURNAL OF PUBLIC ECONOMICS 2021; 195:104367. [PMID: 33531719 PMCID: PMC7842154 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpubeco.2021.104367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Socially responsible behavior is crucial for slowing the spread of infectious diseases. However, economic and epidemiological models of disease transmission abstract from prosocial motivations as a driver of behaviors that impact the health of others. In an incentivized study, we show that a large majority of people are very reluctant to put others at risk for their personal benefit. Moreover, this experimental measure of prosociality predicts health behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic, measured in a separate and ostensibly unrelated study with the same people. Prosocial individuals are more likely to follow physical distancing guidelines, stay home when sick, and buy face masks. We also find that prosociality measured two years before the pandemic predicts health behaviors during the pandemic. Our findings indicate that prosociality is a stable, long-term predictor of policy-relevant behaviors, suggesting that the impact of policies on a population may depend on the degree of prosociality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Armando N Meier
- University of Lausanne, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Erik Wengström
- Lund University, Sweden
- Hanken School of Economics, Finland
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45
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Campos-Mercade P, Meier AN, Schneider FH, Wengström E. Prosociality predicts health behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic. JOURNAL OF PUBLIC ECONOMICS 2021. [PMID: 33531719 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpubeco.2020.104357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Socially responsible behavior is crucial for slowing the spread of infectious diseases. However, economic and epidemiological models of disease transmission abstract from prosocial motivations as a driver of behaviors that impact the health of others. In an incentivized study, we show that a large majority of people are very reluctant to put others at risk for their personal benefit. Moreover, this experimental measure of prosociality predicts health behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic, measured in a separate and ostensibly unrelated study with the same people. Prosocial individuals are more likely to follow physical distancing guidelines, stay home when sick, and buy face masks. We also find that prosociality measured two years before the pandemic predicts health behaviors during the pandemic. Our findings indicate that prosociality is a stable, long-term predictor of policy-relevant behaviors, suggesting that the impact of policies on a population may depend on the degree of prosociality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Armando N Meier
- University of Lausanne, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Erik Wengström
- Lund University, Sweden
- Hanken School of Economics, Finland
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46
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Biondolillo M, Epstein L. Constructing a Performance Measure of Future Time Orientation. J Pers Assess 2021; 103:278-288. [PMID: 31917605 PMCID: PMC9188834 DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2019.1705843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Three studies present the development of the Scrambled Sentences Task for Future Time Orientation (SST-FTO), a performance measure of future time orientation. In Study 1, undergraduate research assistants rated a pool of 30 experimental items as delineating between future and present time orientations demonstrating the content validity of SST-FTO items. Study 2 established the convergent validity of the SST-FTO administered online showing performance related to a self-report measure of time orientation and a performance measure of delay discounting but not to a measure of temporal focus. Study 3 further established the validity of a shortened SST-FTO administered online following an episodic future thinking intervention known to affect delay discounting. The intervention influenced delay discounting but not SST-FTO performance. SST-FTO measures correlated with pre-intervention self-reported future orientation and predicted delay discounting even after accounting for intervention effects and self-reported future orientation. Internal consistency of the measure was demonstrated in all three studies through item-total correlations and Cronbach's alphas. Results suggested the SST-FTO is a robust performance measure of future time orientation, predictive of decision-making on performance measures of delay discounting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathew Biondolillo
- Division of Behavioral Medicine, State University of New York at Buffalo
| | - Leonard Epstein
- Division of Behavioral Medicine, State University of New York at Buffalo
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47
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Richmond-Rakerd LS, Caspi A, Ambler A, d'Arbeloff T, de Bruine M, Elliott M, Harrington H, Hogan S, Houts RM, Ireland D, Keenan R, Knodt AR, Melzer TR, Park S, Poulton R, Ramrakha S, Rasmussen LJH, Sack E, Schmidt AT, Sison ML, Wertz J, Hariri AR, Moffitt TE. Childhood self-control forecasts the pace of midlife aging and preparedness for old age. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2010211118. [PMID: 33397808 PMCID: PMC7826388 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2010211118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to control one's own emotions, thoughts, and behaviors in early life predicts a range of positive outcomes in later life, including longevity. Does it also predict how well people age? We studied the association between self-control and midlife aging in a population-representative cohort of children followed from birth to age 45 y, the Dunedin Study. We measured children's self-control across their first decade of life using a multi-occasion/multi-informant strategy. We measured their pace of aging and aging preparedness in midlife using measures derived from biological and physiological assessments, structural brain-imaging scans, observer ratings, self-reports, informant reports, and administrative records. As adults, children with better self-control aged more slowly in their bodies and showed fewer signs of aging in their brains. By midlife, these children were also better equipped to manage a range of later-life health, financial, and social demands. Associations with children's self-control could be separated from their social class origins and intelligence, indicating that self-control might be an active ingredient in healthy aging. Children also shifted naturally in their level of self-control across adult life, suggesting the possibility that self-control may be a malleable target for intervention. Furthermore, individuals' self-control in adulthood was associated with their aging outcomes after accounting for their self-control in childhood, indicating that midlife might offer another window of opportunity to promote healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Avshalom Caspi
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710
- Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom
- Promenta Center, University of Oslo, 0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Antony Ambler
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom
- Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Research Unit, Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Tracy d'Arbeloff
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708
| | - Marieke de Bruine
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Tilburg University, 5037 AB Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Maxwell Elliott
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708
| | - HonaLee Harrington
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708
| | - Sean Hogan
- Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Research Unit, Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Renate M Houts
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708
| | - David Ireland
- Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Research Unit, Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Ross Keenan
- New Zealand Brain Research Institute, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand
- Christchurch Radiology Group, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand
| | - Annchen R Knodt
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708
| | - Tracy R Melzer
- New Zealand Brain Research Institute, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand
| | - Sena Park
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708
| | - Richie Poulton
- Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Research Unit, Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Sandhya Ramrakha
- Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Research Unit, Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Line Jee Hartmann Rasmussen
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708
- Clinical Research Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital Amager and Hvidovre, 2650 Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Elizabeth Sack
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708
| | - Adam T Schmidt
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79410
| | - Maria L Sison
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708
| | - Jasmin Wertz
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708
| | - Ahmad R Hariri
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708
| | - Terrie E Moffitt
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710
- Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom
- Promenta Center, University of Oslo, 0315 Oslo, Norway
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Testing a One-Item Risk Measure to Predict Alameda Seven Health Behaviors in the Republic of Korea. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18010300. [PMID: 33401574 PMCID: PMC7795147 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18010300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The college years provide an important window of opportunity for the implementation of preventive efforts, especially with respect to smoking, problematic drinking, and obesity. Targeting of individuals at high risk of adopting those health behaviors might increase the effectiveness of those efforts, yet little is known about possible criteria for targeting and their ability to predict the adoption of risky health behaviors. Human capital theory predicts that more risk-averse individuals are more likely to invest in their health capital and should therefore be less likely to engage in risky health behaviors. Building on this theoretical prediction, this study uses a simple one-item measure of risk attitude and examines its ability to predict the Alameda Seven health behaviors in a sample of college students in the Republic of Korea. Unlike previous research, it also controls for personality traits and cognitive ability. Experimental data were gathered and analyzed using regression analysis. The risk measure predicted the probability of smoking and reporting higher stress levels, with no correlations found for the other health behaviors, suggesting that replication studies using larger samples should be carried out to analyze if these findings persist.
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Cone N, Kim J, Arieli R, Jasper A, Baek Y, Martin P. Demographic differences on health personality in a United States older adult sample. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2020.110373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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50
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Kraal AZ, Massimo L, Fletcher E, Carrión CI, Medina LD, Mungas D, Gavett BE, Farias ST. Functional reserve: The residual variance in instrumental activities of daily living not explained by brain structure, cognition, and demographics. Neuropsychology 2021; 35:19-32. [PMID: 33393797 PMCID: PMC8753970 DOI: 10.1037/neu0000705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cognitive reserve is a concept that explains individual differences in resilience to brain pathology and susceptibility to poor late-life cognitive outcomes. We evaluate the analogous concept of "Functional Reserve," defined as the difference between observed functional abilities and those predicted by brain structure, cognitive performance, and demographics. This study aims to validate the construct of functional reserve by testing its utility in predicting clinical outcomes and exploring its predictors. METHOD Longitudinal data collected annually for up to 7 years from 1,084 older adults (ndementia = 163; nMCI = 333; nCN = 523) were analyzed. Functional reserve was operationalized as the residual variance in the Lawton-Brody Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) Scale after accounting for demographics (sex/gender, race, ethnicity, education), neuropathology (gray matter, hippocampal, and white matter hyperintensity volumes), and cognition (executive function, verbal episodic memory, semantic memory, and spatial function). Structural equation models estimated (a) functional reserve's associations with 7-year changes in clinical diagnosis and disease severity and (b) predictors of functional reserve. RESULTS Functional reserve was lower in dementia versus cognitively normal individuals. Higher baseline functional reserve was associated with lower concurrent dementia severity and slower clinical progression and attenuated the association of cognition with concurrent dementia severity. Physical function and apathy were the strongest predictors of functional reserve. CONCLUSIONS Results provide preliminary validation of functional reserve for explaining individual differences in susceptibility to IADL dysfunction independent of neuropathology, cognition, and demographics. Physical functioning and apathy are promising modifiable intervention targets to enhance functional reserve in the context of brain atrophy and cognitive decline. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Evan Fletcher
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis
| | | | | | - Dan Mungas
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis
| | - Brandon E Gavett
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia
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