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Lundqvist MH, Pereira MJ, Eriksson JW. Glucose-dependent inflammatory responses in obese compared to lean individuals. Endocrine 2023; 81:464-476. [PMID: 37400734 PMCID: PMC10403442 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-023-03433-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Obesity is characterized by chronic inflammation that may contribute to insulin resistance and promote type 2 diabetes. We have investigated whether inflammatory responses to glycemic and insulinemic variations are altered in obese individuals. METHODS Eight obese and eight lean individuals without diabetes had undergone hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic-hypoglycemic and hyperglycemic clamps in a previous study. Using Proximity Extension Assay, 92 inflammatory markers were analyzed from plasma samples at fasting, hyperinsulinemia-euglycemia, hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia. RESULTS In all participants, hyperinsulinemia, hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia led to reductions of 11, 19 and 62 out of the 70 fully evaluable biomarkers, respectively. FGF-21 increased during both hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia while IL-6 and IL-10 increased during hypoglycemia. In obese vs lean participants, Oncostatin-M, Caspase-8 and 4E-BP1 were more markedly suppressed during hypoglycemia, whereas VEGF-A was more markedly suppressed during hyperglycemia. BMI correlated inversely with changes of PD-L1 and CD40 during hyperinsulinemia, Oncostatin-M, TNFSF14, FGF-21 and 4EBP-1 during hypoglycemia and CCL23, VEGF-A and CDCP1 during hyperglycemia (Rho ≤ -0.50). HbA1c correlated positively with changes of MCP-2 and IL-15-RA during hyperinsulinemia (Rho ≥ 0.51) and inversely with changes of CXCL1, MMP-1 and Axin-1 during hypoglycemia (Rho ≤ -0.55). M-value correlated positively with changes of IL-12B and VEGF-A during hyperglycemia (Rho ≥ 0.51). Results above were significant (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Overall, hyperinsulinemia, hypo- and hyperglycemia led to suppression of several inflammatory markers and this tended to be more marked in individuals with obesity, insulin resistance and dysglycemia. Thus, acute glycemic or insulinemic variations do not seem to potentiate possible inflammatory pathways in the development of insulin resistance and disturbed glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin H Lundqvist
- Clinical Diabetology and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Maria J Pereira
- Clinical Diabetology and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Vitale S, Palumbo E, Polesel J, Hebert JR, Shivappa N, Montagnese C, Porciello G, Calabrese I, Luongo A, Prete M, Pica R, Grimaldi M, Crispo A, Esindi N, Falzone L, Mattioli V, Martinuzzo V, Poletto L, Cubisino S, Dainotta P, De Laurentiis M, Pacilio C, Rinaldo M, Thomas G, D'Aiuto M, Serraino D, Massarut S, Ferraù F, Rossello R, Catalano F, Banna GL, Messina F, Gatti D, Riccardi G, Libra M, Celentano E, Jenkins DJA, Augustin LSA. One-year nutrition counselling in the context of a Mediterranean diet reduced the dietary inflammatory index in women with breast cancer: a role for the dietary glycemic index. Food Funct 2023; 14:1560-1572. [PMID: 36655860 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo02198f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Background: the Mediterranean diet, the low dietary glycemic index (GI) and the dietary inflammation index (DII®) have been associated with lower risk of breast cancer (BC) incidence and mortality. Objective: to investigate whether one-year nutrition counselling in the context of a Mediterranean diet, with or without low-GI carbohydrates counselling, may influence the DII in women with BC. Methods: data were obtained from participants of DEDiCa trial randomized to a Mediterranean diet (MD, n = 112) or a Mediterranean diet with low-GI carbohydrates (MDLGI, n = 111). The diet-derived DII and GI were calculated from 7-day food records while Mediterranean diet adherence from PREDIMED questionnaire. Differences between study arms were evaluated through Fisher's exact test or Mann-Whitney test and associations with multivariable regression analyses. Results: Mediterranean diet adherence significantly increased by 15% in MD and 20% in MDLGI with no difference between arms (p < 0.326). Dietary GI significantly decreased from 55.5 to 52.4 in MD and 55.1 to 47.6 in MDLGI with significant difference between arms (p < 0.001). DII significantly decreased by 28% in MD and 49% in MDLGI with no difference between arms (p < 0.360). Adjusting for energy intake (E-DII) did not change the results. Higher Mediterranean diet adherence and lower dietary GI independently contributed to DII lowering (β-coefficient -0.203, p < 0.001; 0.046, p = 0.003, respectively). Conclusions: DII and E-DII scores decreased significantly after one-year with 4 nutrition counselling sessions on the Mediterranean diet and low GI. Increased adherence to the Mediterranean diet and low GI independently contributed to the DII changes. These results are relevant given that lowering the inflammatory potential of the diet may have implications in cancer prognosis and overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Vitale
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples, Italy.
| | - Elvira Palumbo
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples, Italy.
| | - Jerry Polesel
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCSS, Aviano, Italy
| | - James R Hebert
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.,Department of Nutrition, Connecting Health Innovations LLC, Columbia, SC, 29201, USA
| | - Nitin Shivappa
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.,Department of Nutrition, Connecting Health Innovations LLC, Columbia, SC, 29201, USA
| | | | - Giuseppe Porciello
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Calabrese
- Healtcare Direction, "A. Cardarelli" Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Assunta Luongo
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples, Italy.
| | - Melania Prete
- Division of Radiotherapy, "Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione Pascale - IRCCS di Napoli", 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosa Pica
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples, Italy.
| | - Maria Grimaldi
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples, Italy.
| | - Anna Crispo
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples, Italy.
| | - Nadia Esindi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Luca Falzone
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples, Italy.
| | - Veronica Mattioli
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCSS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Valentina Martinuzzo
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCSS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Luigina Poletto
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCSS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Serena Cubisino
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Oncologic, Clinical and General Pathology Section, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Patrizia Dainotta
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Oncologic, Clinical and General Pathology Section, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Michelino De Laurentiis
- Division of Breast Oncology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS "Fondazione Giovanni Pascale", Naples, Italy
| | - Carmen Pacilio
- Division of Breast Oncology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS "Fondazione Giovanni Pascale", Naples, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Diego Serraino
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCSS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Samuele Massarut
- Chirurgia Oncologica del Seno - Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Gabriele Riccardi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Massimo Libra
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Oncologic, Clinical and General Pathology Section, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Egidio Celentano
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples, Italy.
| | - David J A Jenkins
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Medicine, Temerty, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada.,Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Livia S A Augustin
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples, Italy.
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Zhou C, Huang Z, Lin H, Ma Z, Wang J, Wang Y, Yu W. Rhizoma curcumae Longae ameliorates high dietary carbohydrate-induced hepatic oxidative stress, inflammation in golden pompano Trachinotus ovatus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 130:31-42. [PMID: 36038103 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.08.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In general, starch, as a complex carbohydrate, is the most economical energy source in aquaculture for its relatively low cost. However, excessive dietary levels of carbohydrate result in pathological conditions. An 8-week feeding trial with CT (control diet, containing 21% carbohydrate), HC (a high-carbohydrate diet, containing 50% carbohydrate) and HCR (a HC diet supplemented with 0.015% Rhizoma curcumae Longae) was performed to investigate the protective effect of curcumin on high-carbohydrate-induced hepatic oxidative stress and intestine lesion in juvenile Trachinotus ovatus. In the current study, HC group significantly decreased WGR, SGR, plasma CAT activity, intestinal C4 levels, hepatic Nrf2, Keap1, Bach1, HO1, CAT, and GPX mRNA expression as well as ZO-1, Occludin, and Claudin-3, TGF-β mRNA transcription levels, while the opposite was true for plasma AST activity, hepatic MDA contents, intestinal Claudin-15, NF-κB, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α mRNA expression. In contrast with the HC group, the HCR group significantly increased the activities of hepatic CAT, SOD, intestinal C3, C4, IgG and LZM levels, hepatic Nrf2, Bach1, CAT, and GPX mRNA expression as well as intestinal ZO-1, Occludin, Claudin-3, TGF-β and IL-10 mRNA expression levels, but the opposite trend was found in plasma triglyceride content, hepatic lipid deposition, hepatic Keap1 mRNA level as well as intestinal NF-κB, IL-6. In conclusion, high-carbohydrate diet can cause detrimental effect on physiological health status in Trachinotus ovatus, while adding Rhizoma curcumae Longae can improve hepatic and intestinal health status via attenuating the oxidative stress, inflammation, and reducing lipid deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanpeng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510300, PR China; Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization and Processing of Marine Fishery Resources of Hainan Province, PR China
| | - Zhong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510300, PR China; Shenzhen Base of South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shenzhen, 518121, PR China; Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization and Processing of Marine Fishery Resources of Hainan Province, PR China
| | - Heizhao Lin
- Shenzhen Base of South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shenzhen, 518121, PR China; Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization and Processing of Marine Fishery Resources of Hainan Province, PR China.
| | - Zhenhua Ma
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization and Processing of Marine Fishery Resources of Hainan Province, PR China
| | - Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510300, PR China; Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization and Processing of Marine Fishery Resources of Hainan Province, PR China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhanjiang, 524025, PR China
| | - Yun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510300, PR China; Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization and Processing of Marine Fishery Resources of Hainan Province, PR China
| | - Wei Yu
- Shenzhen Base of South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shenzhen, 518121, PR China; Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization and Processing of Marine Fishery Resources of Hainan Province, PR China
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Gonzalez A, Abrigo J, Achiardi O, Simon F, Cabello-Verrugio C. Intensive care unit-acquired weakness: From molecular mechanisms to its impact in COVID-2019. Eur J Transl Myol 2022; 32. [PMID: 36036350 PMCID: PMC9580540 DOI: 10.4081/ejtm.2022.10511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Intensive Care Unit-Acquired Weakness (ICU-AW) is a generalized and symmetric neuromuscular dysfunction associated with critical illness and its treatments. Its incidence is approximately 80% in intensive care unit patients, and it manifests as critical illness polyneuropathy, critical illness myopathy, and muscle atrophy. Intensive care unit patients can lose an elevated percentage of their muscle mass in the first days after admission, producing short- and long-term sequelae that affect patients’ quality of life, physical health, and mental health. In 2019, the world was faced with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. COVID-19 produces severe respiratory disorders, such as acute respiratory distress syndrome, which increases the risk of developing ICU-AW. COVID-19 patients treated in intensive care units have shown early diffuse and symmetrical muscle weakness, polyneuropathy, and myalgia, coinciding with the clinical presentation of ICU-AW. Besides, these patients require prolonged intensive care unit stays, invasive mechanical ventilation, and intensive care unit pharmacological therapy, which are risk factors for ICU-AW. Thus, the purposes of this review are to discuss the features of ICU-AW and its effects on skeletal muscle. Further, we will describe the mechanisms involved in the probable development of ICU-AW in severe COVID-19 patients.
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Association of Septic Shock with Mortality in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients in Wuhan, China. Adv Virol 2022; 2022:3178283. [PMID: 35502304 PMCID: PMC9056262 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3178283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Septic shock is a severe complication of COVID-19 patients. We aim to identify risk factors associated with septic shock and mortality among COVID-19 patients. Methods A total of 212 COVID-19 confirmed patients in Wuhan were included in this retrospective study. Clinical outcomes were designated as nonseptic shock and septic shock. Log-rank test was conducted to determine any association with clinical progression. A prediction model was established using random forest. Results The mortality of septic shock and nonshock patients with COVID-19 was 96.7% (29/30) and 3.8% (7/182). Patients taking hypnotics had a much lower chance to develop septic shock (HR = 0.096, p=0.0014). By univariate logistic regression analysis, 40 risk factors were significantly associated with septic shock. Based on multiple regression analysis, eight risk factors were shown to be independent risk factors and these factors were then selected to build a model to predict septic shock with AUC = 0.956. These eight factors included disease severity (HR = 15, p < 0.001), age > 65 years (HR = 2.6, p=0.012), temperature > 39.1°C (HR = 2.9, p=0.047), white blood cell count > 10 × 10⁹ (HR = 6.9, p < 0.001), neutrophil count > 75 × 10⁹ (HR = 2.4, p=0.022), creatine kinase > 5 U/L (HR = 1.8, p=0.042), glucose > 6.1 mmol/L (HR = 7, p < 0.001), and lactate > 2 mmol/L (HR = 22, p < 0.001). Conclusions We found 40 risk factors were significantly associated with septic shock. The model contained eight independent factors that can accurately predict septic shock. The administration of hypnotics could potentially reduce the incidence of septic shock in COVID-19 patients.
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Obesity and Leptin Resistance in the Regulation of the Type I Interferon Early Response and the Increased Risk for Severe COVID-19. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14071388. [PMID: 35406000 PMCID: PMC9002648 DOI: 10.3390/nu14071388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity, and obesity-associated conditions such as hypertension, chronic kidney disease, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, are important risk factors for severe Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). The common denominator is metaflammation, a portmanteau of metabolism and inflammation, which is characterized by chronically elevated levels of leptin and pro-inflammatory cytokines. These induce the “Suppressor Of Cytokine Signaling 1 and 3” (SOCS1/3), which deactivates the leptin receptor and also other SOCS1/3 sensitive cytokine receptors in immune cells, impairing the type I and III interferon early responses. By also upregulating SOCS1/3, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2 adds a significant boost to this. The ensuing consequence is a delayed but over-reactive immune response, characterized by high-grade inflammation (e.g., cytokine storm), endothelial damage, and hypercoagulation, thus leading to severe COVID-19. Superimposing an acute disturbance, such as a SARS-CoV-2 infection, on metaflammation severely tests resilience. In the long run, metaflammation causes the “typical western” conditions associated with metabolic syndrome. Severe COVID-19 and other serious infectious diseases can be added to the list of its short-term consequences. Therefore, preventive measures should include not only vaccination and the well-established actions intended to avoid infection, but also dietary and lifestyle interventions aimed at improving body composition and preventing or reversing metaflammation.
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Chukwurah E, Farabaugh KT, Guan BJ, Ramakrishnan P, Hatzoglou M. A tale of two proteins: PACT and PKR and their roles in inflammation. FEBS J 2021; 288:6365-6391. [PMID: 33387379 PMCID: PMC9248962 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is a pathological hallmark associated with bacterial and viral infections, autoimmune diseases, genetic disorders, obesity and diabetes, as well as environmental stresses including physical and chemical trauma. Among numerous proteins regulating proinflammatory signaling, very few such as Protein kinase R (PKR), have been shown to play an all-pervading role in inflammation induced by varied stimuli. PKR was initially characterized as an interferon-inducible gene activated by viral double-stranded RNA with a role in protein translation inhibition. However, it has become increasingly clear that PKR is involved in multiple pathways that promote inflammation in response to stress activation, both dependent on and independent of its cellular protein activator of PKR (PACT). In this review, we discuss the signaling pathways that contribute to the initiation of inflammation, including Toll-like receptor, interferon, and RIG-I-like receptor signaling, as well as inflammasome activation. We go on to discuss the specific roles that PKR and PACT play in such proinflammatory signaling, as well as in metabolic syndrome- and environmental stress-induced inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Chukwurah
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Kenneth T. Farabaugh
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Bo-Jhih Guan
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | | | - Maria Hatzoglou
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
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Chen F, Zhao CY, Guan JF, Liu XC, Li XF, Xie DZ, Xu C. High-Carbohydrate Diet Alleviates the Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Apoptosis of Megalobrama amblycephala Following Dietary Exposure to Silver Nanoparticles. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10091343. [PMID: 34572975 PMCID: PMC8471270 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A 12-week feeding trial was performed to evaluate the effects of high-carbohydrate diet on oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis induced by silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) in M. amblycephala. Fish (20.12 ± 0.85 g) were randomly fed four diets (one control diet (C, 30% carbohydrate), one control diet supplemented with 100 mg kg−1 Ag-NPs (CS), one high-carbohydrate diet (HC, 45% carbohydrate) and one HC diet supplemented with 100 mg kg−1 Ag-NPs (HCS)). The results indicated that weight gain rate (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR), antioxidant enzyme (SOD and CAT) activities and expression of Trx, Cu/Zn-SOD, Mn-SOD, CAT and GPx1 of fish fed CS diet were all remarkably lower than those of other groups, whereas the opposite was true for plasma IL 1β and IL 6 levels, liver ROS contents, hepatocytes apoptotic rate, AMP/ATP ratio, AMPKα, P 53 and caspase 3 protein contents and mRNA levels of AMPKα 1, AMPKα 2, TXNIP, NF-κB, TNFα, IL 1β, IL 6, P 53, Bax and caspase 3. However, high-carbohydrate diet remarkably increased WGR, SGR, liver SOD and CAT activities, AMPKα protein content and mRNA levels of antioxidant genes (Cu/Zn-SOD, Mn-SOD, CAT and GPx1), anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL 10) and anti-apoptotic genes (Bcl 2) of fish facing Ag-NPs compared with the CS group, while the opposite was true for liver ROS contents, hepatocytes apoptotic rate, P 53 and caspase 3 protein contents, as well as mRNA levels of TXNIP, NF-κB, TNFα, IL 1β, IL 6, P 53, Bax and caspase 3. Overall, high-carbohydrate diet could attenuate Ag-NPs-induced hepatic oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis of M. amblycephala through AMPK activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Chen
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, No.483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China; (F.C.); (J.-F.G.); (X.-C.L.); (D.-Z.X.)
| | - Cai-Yuan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Southern Marine Sciences and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China;
| | - Jun-Feng Guan
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, No.483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China; (F.C.); (J.-F.G.); (X.-C.L.); (D.-Z.X.)
| | - Xiao-Cheng Liu
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, No.483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China; (F.C.); (J.-F.G.); (X.-C.L.); (D.-Z.X.)
| | - Xiang-Fei Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang Road, Nanjing 210095, China;
| | - Di-Zhi Xie
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, No.483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China; (F.C.); (J.-F.G.); (X.-C.L.); (D.-Z.X.)
| | - Chao Xu
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, No.483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China; (F.C.); (J.-F.G.); (X.-C.L.); (D.-Z.X.)
- Correspondence:
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Kashani A, Moludi J, Lateef Fateh H, Tandorost A, Jafari-Vayghan H, Dey P. Dietary Inflammatory Index in Relation to Psoriasis Risk, Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Clinical Outcomes; A Result from Case-Control Study in Psoriasis Patients. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2021; 46:1517-1524. [PMID: 34348057 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2021-0217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Psoriasis is an inflammatory skin disease. Despite the understanding of the disease pathogenesis, the link between diet-induced inflammation and the risk of psoriasis remains underexplored. Therefore, we have examined the capability of literature-derived Energy-adjusted Dietary Inflammatory Index (E-DII) as a predictive tool for inflammation, incidence, and severity of psoriasis (as indexed by The Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI)). We have conducted a case-control study consisting of 149 adults (n = 75 cases and n = 74 controls). The E-DII score was calculated based on the dietary intake that was evaluated by a validated 168 item quantity food-frequency questionnaire. The E-DII tertile cut-offs were categorized based on the following cut points: tertiles 1 ≤ -1.99; tertiles 2 = -2.00 - 0.60; tertile 3 ≥ 0.61. Logistic regression models were applied to estimate the multivariable odds ratio (OR) that was adjusted for confounders. Patients with higher pro-inflammatory E-DII had a 3.60-times increased risk of psoriasis relative to patients in tertiles 1 (E-DIIT3 vs E-DIIT1: OR = 3.64; 95% CI 1.51, 8.79, P = 0.005). The severity of disease as indexed by PASI remained associated with E-DII (E-DIIT3 vs E-DIIT1: OR = 3.64; 95% CI 1.74, 7.57, P = 0.015). For each unit increase in E-DII, the odds of disease severity increased by 3-times. Patients consuming a more pro-inflammatory diet were at greater risk of psoriasis. These patients also demonstrate increased disease severity relative to individuals consuming a more anti-inflammatory diet. • A pro-inflammatory diet is associated with higher psoriasis incidence • Subjects with higher DII scores, had higher inflammatory markers levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvin Kashani
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran, Iran (the Islamic Republic of);
| | - Jalal Moludi
- Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, 48464, Kermanshah, Iran (the Islamic Republic of), 6715847141;
| | - Hawal Lateef Fateh
- Sulaimani Polytechnic University, 467127, Nursing Department, Kalar technical college, Sulaimanyah, Kurdistan, Iraq;
| | - Arash Tandorost
- Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, 48432, Tabriz, Iran (the Islamic Republic of);
| | - Hamed Jafari-Vayghan
- Arak University of Medical Sciences, 48412, Arak, Iran (the Islamic Republic of);
| | - Priyankar Dey
- Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi , India;
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The effects of foods available through the Food Distribution Program on Indian Reservations (FDPIR) on inflammation response, appetite and energy intake. Public Health Nutr 2021; 24:3037-3048. [PMID: 32867882 PMCID: PMC9884777 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980020002852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the effects of a typical Food Distribution Program on Indian Reservations (FDPIR) diet with an FDPIR diet that meets Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) on inflammation response, appetite and energy intake on a combination of American Indian (AI) and non-AI individuals. DESIGN A within-subjects, randomised, crossover design was used to compare two dietary conditions: (1) a FDPIR diet that met DGA and (2) a FDPIR diet that did not meet DGA. Each participant served as their own control and was exposed to both dietary conditions. Repeated-measures ANOVA and t tests assessed significance between the two dietary conditions. SETTING This took place in the Montana State University Nutrition Research Laboratory in the USA. PARTICIPANTS Female and male participants (n 13) aged 18-55 years from the university and local community. RESULTS There were no significant differences in inflammatory response and appetite sensations between the two dietary conditions. Findings indicated that participants ate 14 % more (P < 0·01) kcal on a typical FDPIR diet compared with a FDPIR diet that met DGA. CONCLUSIONS Higher energy intake during a typical FDPIR diet compared with a FDPIR diet that meets DGA may increase risk for obesity and nutrition-related diseases, including type 2 diabetes and other chronic inflammatory conditions.
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O'Connor KM, Ashoori M, Dias ML, Dempsey EM, O'Halloran KD, McDonald FB. Influence of innate immune activation on endocrine and metabolic pathways in infancy. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2021; 321:E24-E46. [PMID: 33900849 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00542.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Prematurity is the leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Premature infants often require extended hospital stays, with increased risk of developing infection compared with term infants. A picture is emerging of wide-ranging deleterious consequences resulting from innate immune system activation in the newborn infant. Those who survive infection have been exposed to a stimulus that can impose long-lasting alterations into later life. In this review, we discuss sepsis-driven alterations in integrated neuroendocrine and metabolic pathways and highlight current knowledge gaps in respect of neonatal sepsis. We review established biomarkers for sepsis and extend the discussion to examine emerging findings from human and animal models of neonatal sepsis that propose novel biomarkers for early identification of sepsis. Future research in this area is required to establish a greater understanding of the distinct neonatal signature of early and late-stage infection, to improve diagnosis, curtail inappropriate antibiotic use, and promote precision medicine through a biomarker-guided empirical and adjunctive treatment approach for neonatal sepsis. There is an unmet clinical need to decrease sepsis-induced morbidity in neonates, to limit and prevent adverse consequences in later life and decrease mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M O'Connor
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - M Ashoori
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Irish Centre for Maternal and Child Health Research (INFANT), University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - M L Dias
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - E M Dempsey
- Irish Centre for Maternal and Child Health Research (INFANT), University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health, Cork University Hospital, Wilton, Cork, Ireland
| | - K D O'Halloran
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Irish Centre for Maternal and Child Health Research (INFANT), University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - F B McDonald
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Irish Centre for Maternal and Child Health Research (INFANT), University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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12
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Womersley JS, Nothling J, Toikumo S, Malan-Müller S, van den Heuvel LL, McGregor NW, Seedat S, Hemmings SMJ. Childhood trauma, the stress response and metabolic syndrome: A focus on DNA methylation. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 55:2253-2296. [PMID: 34169602 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Childhood trauma (CT) is well established as a potent risk factor for the development of mental disorders. However, the potential of adverse early experiences to exert chronic and profound effects on physical health, including aberrant metabolic phenotypes, has only been more recently explored. Among these consequences is metabolic syndrome (MetS), which is characterised by at least three of five related cardiometabolic traits: hypertension, insulin resistance/hyperglycaemia, raised triglycerides, low high-density lipoprotein and central obesity. The deleterious effects of CT on health outcomes may be partially attributable to dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, which coordinates the response to stress, and the consequent fostering of a pro-inflammatory environment. Epigenetic tags, such as DNA methylation, which are sensitive to environmental influences provide a means whereby the effects of CT can be biologically embedded and persist into adulthood to affect health and well-being. The methylome regulates the transcription of genes involved in the stress response, metabolism and inflammation. This narrative review examines the evidence for DNA methylation in CT and MetS in order to identify shared neuroendocrine and immune correlates that may mediate the increased risk of MetS following CT exposure. Our review specifically highlights differential methylation of FKBP5, the gene that encodes FK506-binding protein 51 and has pleiotropic effects on stress responding, inflammation and energy metabolism, as a central candidate to understand the molecular aetiology underlying CT-associated MetS risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline S Womersley
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.,South African Medical Research Council/Stellenbosch University Genomics of Brain Disorders Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jani Nothling
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.,South African Medical Research Council/Stellenbosch University Genomics of Brain Disorders Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.,Gender and Health Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Sylvanus Toikumo
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Stefanie Malan-Müller
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Leigh L van den Heuvel
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.,South African Medical Research Council/Stellenbosch University Genomics of Brain Disorders Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nathaniel W McGregor
- Systems Genetics Working Group, Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Soraya Seedat
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.,South African Medical Research Council/Stellenbosch University Genomics of Brain Disorders Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Sîan M J Hemmings
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.,South African Medical Research Council/Stellenbosch University Genomics of Brain Disorders Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
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Naftaly A, Izgilov R, Omari E, Benayahu D. Revealing Advanced Glycation End Products Associated Structural Changes in Serum Albumin. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:3179-3189. [PMID: 34143596 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Structural alterations in proteins have a significant impact on their function and body physiology. Glycation via nonenzymatic forms of cross-linking leads to proteins' conformational changes, the macromolecule being recognized as a stable fibrillary structure, oligomerization, and becoming advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Protein that undergoes glycation-related modifications, namely, β-sheet enriched structural changes, are recognized as amyloid. In the current study, we characterized a single protein modified in vitro under physiological conditions to represent a protein glycation model. The glycation altered the helical conformation of serum albumin (SA) and promoted the formation of a β-sheet enriched with amyloid fibrils detected at multidimensional levels. The nanoscale resolution by spectroscopy in the presence of thioflavin-T (ThT) and 8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid (8-ANS) showed binding of the fibrils formed in the presence of glucose (GLU) and the carbonyl metabolites methylglyoxal (MGO) and glycolaldehyde (GAD). In the presence of MGO and GAD, the SA becomes insoluble aggregates, demonstrated by TEM microscopy and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The protein oligomerization was visualized when separated via SDS gel electrophoresis and mass photometry (MP) assays. Following the glycation, eventually, the material polymerized and became stiffer. The level of stiffness was analyzed by a rheometer that revealed a quick alteration under MGO and GAD. This is the first study to combine multiple spectroscopy assays, imaging, and rheology measurements of SA and to demonstrate a resolution on a nanoscale structural toward better resolution of the conformational changes of glycated SA, oligomerization, and protein aggregations under physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Naftaly
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Levanon St., P.O. Box 39040, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Roza Izgilov
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Levanon St., P.O. Box 39040, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Eman Omari
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Levanon St., P.O. Box 39040, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Dafna Benayahu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Levanon St., P.O. Box 39040, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
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Shirvani F, Sedighi M, Shahzamani M. Metabolic disturbance affects postoperative cognitive function in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass. Neurol Sci 2021; 43:667-672. [PMID: 33973078 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-021-05308-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Postoperative delirium is a common neuropsychiatric syndrome after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). We aimed to assess and compare clinical outcomes of CABG patients with delirium with a specific focus on the blood biochemical parameters. METHODS This investigation was carried out on the 90 eligible patients undergoing CABG. Delirium was measured using the Neecham confusion scale and assessed patients were divided into two groups of delirium (n = 43) and non-delirium (n = 47). Preoperative variables and intraoperative and postoperative outcomes were compared. RESULTS Delirium patients were older (p = 0.003) and had longer intubation time (p = 0.003). Non-delirium patients obtained a significantly higher Neecham confusion score (p = 0.001), and delirium patients experienced a hyperglycemic state at intraoperative (p = 0.004), intubation (p = 0.03), and extubation time (p = 0.02). Lower value of pH was seen at intubation (p = 0.03) and extubation periods (p = 0.001) in delirium group. A significant difference in base excess was observed between two groups at intubation (p = 0.04) and extubation periods (p = 0.004). Potassium level showed a significant decrease in delirium group at intubation (p = 0.01) and extubation periods (p = 0.001). Multivariate regression indicated that aging (OR = 1.08, p = 0.01), narcotic consumption (OR = 3.27, p = 0.05), DM (OR = 3.03, p=0.03), and prolonged intubation (OR = 1.18, p = 0.03) are predictors of delirium. Postoperative hyperglycemia (OR = 1.01, p = 0.002), low pH value (OR = 2.62, p = 0.02), and low potassium level (OR = 3.25, p = 0.03) are associated with development of delirium. CONCLUSIONS Postoperative metabolic disturbance and electrolyte imbalances are closely related to the development of delirium after CABG and need to be considered more carefully. Aging, DM, and preoperative use of narcotics are strong predictors of delirium following CABG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahimeh Shirvani
- Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, Shahid Chamran Heart Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohsen Sedighi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mehran Shahzamani
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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15
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Yen F, Wei JC, Liu J, Hsu C, Hwu C. Persons with type 2 diabetes and high insulin persistence were associated with a lower risk of mortality: A nationwide retrospective cohort study. J Diabetes Investig 2021; 12:146-154. [PMID: 32569417 PMCID: PMC7858118 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION Studies assessing the long-term outcomes of insulin persistence are scant. We compared the risk of all-cause mortality among patients with different degrees of insulin persistence. MATERIALS AND METHODS In total, 293,210 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus undergoing insulin therapy were enrolled during 2002-2014. Insulin persistence was defined as continual insulin treatment without a 90-day gap of discontinuation in the 2-year observation period. Mortality rates were compared between 111,220 patients with ≥90% insulin persistence and 111,220 matched patients with <90% insulin persistence during the observational period. RESULTS During the mean 5.37-year follow-up period, the mortality rates were 58.26 and 73.21 per 1,000 person-years for patients with ≥90% and <90% of insulin persistence. The adjusted hazard ratio for mortality was 0.80 (95% confidence interval 0.79-0.81, P < 0.001). Patients with high insulin persistence had significantly lower risks than did those with low insulin persistence of death due to hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, liver disease, kidney disease, respiratory disease, sepsis and cancer. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that patients with ≥90% insulin persistence were associated with lower risks of all-cause mortality than did patients with <90% insulin persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James Cheng‐Chung Wei
- Institute of MedicineChung Shan Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
- Department of MedicineChung Shan Medical University HospitalTaichungTaiwan
- Graduate Institute of Integrated MedicineChina Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
| | - Jia‐Sin Liu
- Institute of Population Health SciencesNational Health Research InstitutesTaichungTaiwan
| | - Chih‐Cheng Hsu
- Institute of Population Health SciencesNational Health Research InstitutesTaichungTaiwan
- Department of Health Services AdministrationChina Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
- Department of Family MedicineMin‐Sheng General HospitalTaoyuanTaiwan
| | - Chii‐Min Hwu
- Department of MedicineSchool of MedicineNational Yang‐Ming UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- Section of Endocrinology and MetabolismDepartment of MedicineTaipei Veterans General HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
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Gonzalez A, Orozco-Aguilar J, Achiardi O, Simon F, Cabello-Verrugio C. SARS-CoV-2/Renin-Angiotensin System: Deciphering the Clues for a Couple with Potentially Harmful Effects on Skeletal Muscle. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21217904. [PMID: 33114359 PMCID: PMC7663203 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has produced significant health emergencies worldwide, resulting in the declaration by the World Health Organization of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Acute respiratory syndrome seems to be the most common manifestation of COVID-19. A high proportion of patients require intensive care unit admission and mechanical ventilation (MV) to survive. It has been well established that angiotensin-converting enzyme type 2 (ACE2) is the primary cellular receptor for SARS-CoV-2. ACE2 belongs to the renin–angiotensin system (RAS), composed of several peptides, such as angiotensin II (Ang II) and angiotensin (1-7) (Ang-(1-7)). Both peptides regulate muscle mass and function. It has been described that SARS-CoV-2 infection, by direct and indirect mechanisms, affects a broad range of organ systems. In the skeletal muscle, through unbalanced RAS activity, SARS-CoV-2 could induce severe consequences such as loss of muscle mass, strength, and physical function, which will delay and interfere with the recovery process of patients with COVID-19. This article discusses the relationship between RAS, SARS-CoV-2, skeletal muscle, and the potentially harmful consequences for skeletal muscle in patients currently infected with and recovering from COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Muscle Pathology, Fragility and Aging, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370146, Chile; (A.G.); (J.O.-A.)
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago 8370146, Chile;
- Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CEDENNA), Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 8350709, Chile
| | - Josué Orozco-Aguilar
- Laboratory of Muscle Pathology, Fragility and Aging, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370146, Chile; (A.G.); (J.O.-A.)
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago 8370146, Chile;
- Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CEDENNA), Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 8350709, Chile
| | - Oscar Achiardi
- Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2340025, Chile;
| | - Felipe Simon
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago 8370146, Chile;
- Laboratory of Integrative Physiopathology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370146, Chile
- Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channels-Associated Diseases (MiNICAD), Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8370146, Chile
| | - Claudio Cabello-Verrugio
- Laboratory of Muscle Pathology, Fragility and Aging, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370146, Chile; (A.G.); (J.O.-A.)
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago 8370146, Chile;
- Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CEDENNA), Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 8350709, Chile
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +56-227-703-665
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Alkaline conditions better extract anti-inflammatory polysaccharides from winemaking by-products. Food Res Int 2020; 131:108532. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Reis DJ, Ilardi SS, Namekata MS, Wing EK, Fowler CH. The depressogenic potential of added dietary sugars. Med Hypotheses 2020; 134:109421. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2019.109421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Kumar A, Sharma S, Gupta A, Dasgupta A, Asirvatham A, Talwalkar P, Das A, Mohan V. Indian reality of managing type 2 diabetes: an expert review of global and national guidelines for optimum insulin use. JOURNAL OF DIABETOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/jod.jod_59_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Ramaholimihaso T, Bouazzaoui F, Kaladjian A. Curcumin in Depression: Potential Mechanisms of Action and Current Evidence-A Narrative Review. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:572533. [PMID: 33329109 PMCID: PMC7728608 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.572533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most prevalent and debilitating disorders. Current available treatments are somehow limited, so alternative therapeutic approaches targeting different biological pathways are being investigated to improve treatment outcomes. Curcumin is the main active component in the spice turmeric that has been used for centuries in Ayurvedic medicine to treat a variety of conditions, including anxiety and depressive disorders. In the past decades, curcumin has drawn researchers' attention and displays a broad range of properties that seem relevant to depression pathophysiology. In this review, we break down the potential mechanisms of action of curcumin with emphasis on the diverse systems that can be disrupted in MDD. Curcumin has displayed, in a number of studies, a potency in modulating neurotransmitter concentrations, inflammatory pathways, excitotoxicity, neuroplasticity, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal disturbances, insulin resistance, oxidative and nitrosative stress, and endocannabinoid system, all of which can be involved in MDD pathophysiology. To date, a handful of clinical trials have been published and suggest a benefit of curcumin in MDD. With evidence that is progressively growing, curcumin appears as a promising alternative option in the management of MDD.
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Swimming training by affecting the pancreatic Sirtuin1 (SIRT1) and oxidative stress, improves insulin sensitivity in diabetic male rats. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2019; 40:/j/hmbci.ahead-of-print/hmbci-2019-0011/hmbci-2019-0011.xml. [DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2019-0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AbstractBackgroundSirtuin1 is a regulator of oxidative stress involved in the management of diabetes complications. Due to the beneficial effects of swimming training in diabetes, this study aimed to investigate the effects of swimming training on pancreatic Sirtuin1, oxidative stress and metabolic parameters in type 2 diabetic male rats.Materials and methodsTwenty-eight male Wistar rats (200–250 g) were randomly divided into four groups: control, diabetic, swim trained and swim trained diabetic rats (n = 7). Diabetes was induced by a high-fat diet and streptozotocin injection [35/kg intraperitoneally]. After 72 hours, animals with blood glucose levels ≥300 mg/dL were considered diabetic. Seven days after the induction of diabetes, animals in the exercise groups were subjected to swimming training (60 min/daily, 5 days/week) for 12 weeks. At the end of the intervention, the animals were anesthetized, and tissue/blood samples were prepared for measurements of metabolic parameters, albumin, the Sitruin1 gene and its protein expression levels, oxidative stress and histological study.ResultsThis study indicated that the diabetic rats had a significant decrease (p < 0.01, p < 0.05) in pancreatic Sitruin1 gene and its protein expression levels, antioxidant enzymes, serum albumin, and the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index, but a significant increase (p < 0.01) in malondialdehyde level. Swimming training resulted in a considerable improvement (p < 0.01, p < 0.05) in pancreatic Sitruin1 gene and its protein expression levels, antioxidant enzymes, serum levels of albumin and metabolic parameters. In addition, histological findings indicated the beta-cells conservation.ConclusionsThis study suggested that pancreatic Sitruin1 may be a promising therapeutic target for diabetic complications.
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Xu C, Liu WB, Remø SC, Wang BK, Shi HJ, Zhang L, Liu JD, Li XF. Feeding restriction alleviates high carbohydrate diet-induced oxidative stress and inflammation of Megalobrama amblycephala by activating the AMPK-SIRT1 pathway. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 92:637-648. [PMID: 31271836 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.06.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of restricted feeding on the growth performance, oxidative stress and inflammation of Megalobrama amblycephala fed high-carbohydrate (HC) diets. Fish (46.94 ± 0.04 g) were randomly assigned to four groups containing the satiation of a control diet (30% carbohydrate) and three satiate levels (100% (HC1), 80% (HC2) and 60% (HC3)) of the HC diets (43% carbohydrate) for 8 weeks. Results showed that HC1 diet remarkably decreased final weight (FW), weight gain rate (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR), hepatic activities of total anti-oxidation capacity (T-AOC), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), the AMP/ATP ratio, the p-AMPKα/t-AMPKα ratio, sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) protein expression and hepatic transcriptions of AMPKα2, SIRT1, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), catalase (CAT), manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx1) and interleukin10 (IL 10) compared to the control group, whereas the opposite was true for protein efficiency ratio (PER), nitrogen retention efficiency (NRE), energy retention efficiency (ERE), plasma glucose levels, alanine transaminase (AST) and aspartate aminotransferase (ALT) activities, hepatic contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), tumour necrosis factor α (TNF α) and interleukin 1β (IL 1β), ATP and AMP contents and hepatic transcriptions of kelch-like ECH associating protein 1 (Keap1), IkB kinase α (IKK α), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), TNF α, IL 1β, interleukin 6 (IL 6) and transforming growth factor β (TGF β). As for the HC groups, fish fed the HC2 diet obtained relatively high values of SGR, PER, NRE, ERE, hepatic activities of T-AOC, SOD and CAT, the AMP/ATP ratio, the p-AMPKα/t-AMPKα ratio, SIRT1 protein expression and hepatic transcriptions of AMPKα2, Nrf2, CAT, copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD), Mn-SOD, GPx1, glutathione S-transferase (GST) and interleukin10 (IL 10), while the opposite was true for hepatic content of IL 6 and transcription of IKK α. Overall, an 80% satiation improved the growth performance and alleviated the oxidative stress and inflammation of blunt snout bream fed HC diets via the activation of the AMPK-SIRT1 pathway and the up-regulation of the activities and transcriptions of Nrf2-modulated antioxidant enzymes coupled with the depression of the levels and transcriptions of the NF-κB-mediated pro-inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Bin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Sofie Charlotte Remø
- Department of Requirement and Welfare, Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway
| | - Bing-Ke Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua-Juan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Dai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Fei Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
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23
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Tao J, Zhang D, Man Y, Wang W, Bi Y. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Sodium ferulate inhibits high-fat diet-induced inflammatory factors expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. CYTOL GENET+ 2019. [DOI: 10.3103/s0095452717030124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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24
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Hu Q, Li C, Wang S, Li Y, Wen B, Zhang Y, Liang K, Yao J, Ye Y, Hsiao H, Nguyen TK, Park PK, Egranov SD, Hawke DH, Marks JR, Han L, Hung MC, Zhang B, Lin C, Yang L. LncRNAs-directed PTEN enzymatic switch governs epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Cell Res 2019; 29:286-304. [PMID: 30631154 PMCID: PMC6461864 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-018-0134-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the structural conservation of PTEN with dual-specificity phosphatases, there have been no reports regarding the regulatory mechanisms that underlie this potential dual-phosphatase activity. Here, we report that K27-linked polyubiquitination of PTEN at lysines 66 and 80 switches its phosphoinositide/protein tyrosine phosphatase activity to protein serine/threonine phosphatase activity. Mechanistically, high glucose, TGF-β, CTGF, SHH, and IL-6 induce the expression of a long non-coding RNA, GAEA (Glucose Aroused for EMT Activation), which associates with an RNA-binding E3 ligase, MEX3C, and enhances its enzymatic activity, leading to the K27-linked polyubiquitination of PTEN. The MEX3C-catalyzed PTENK27-polyUb activates its protein serine/threonine phosphatase activity and inhibits its phosphatidylinositol/protein tyrosine phosphatase activity. With this altered enzymatic activity, PTENK27-polyUb dephosphorylates the phosphoserine/threonine residues of TWIST1, SNAI1, and YAP1, leading to accumulation of these master regulators of EMT. Animals with genetic inhibition of PTENK27-polyUb, by a single nucleotide mutation generated using CRISPR/Cas9 (PtenK80R/K80R), exhibit inhibition of EMT markers during mammary gland morphogenesis in pregnancy/lactation and during cutaneous wound healing processes. Our findings illustrate an unexpected paradigm in which the lncRNA-dependent switch in PTEN protein serine/threonine phosphatase activity is important for physiological homeostasis and disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingsong Hu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Chunlai Li
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Shouyu Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yajuan Li
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Bo Wen
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Institute of Immunology, Third Military Medical University, 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Ke Liang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jun Yao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Youqiong Ye
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGroven Medical School, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Heidi Hsiao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Tina K Nguyen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Peter K Park
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Sergey D Egranov
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - David H Hawke
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Marks
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Leng Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGroven Medical School, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Mien-Chie Hung
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Program in Cancer Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Bing Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Chunru Lin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Program in Cancer Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Liuqing Yang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Program in Cancer Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Several studies have demonstrated the benefits of glycemic control in the perioperative period and there is ongoing interest in development of systematic approaches to achieving glycemic control. This review discusses currently available data and proposes a new approach to the management of hyperglycemia in the perioperative period. RECENT FINDINGS In a recent study, we demonstrated that early preoperative identification of patients with poorly controlled diabetes and proactive treatment through various phases of surgery improves glycemic control, lowers the risk of surgical complications, and decreases the length of hospital stay. Implementation of a perioperative diabetes program that systematically identifies and treats patients with poor glycemic control early in the preoperative period is feasible and improves clinical care of patients undergoing elective surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine E Palermo
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Avenue, Suite 381, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Rajesh Garg
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 5555 Ponce de Leon Blvd, Coral Gables, FL, 33145, USA.
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26
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van Steen SC, Rijkenberg S, van der Voort PHJ, DeVries JH. The association of intravenous insulin and glucose infusion with intensive care unit and hospital mortality: a retrospective study. Ann Intensive Care 2019; 9:29. [PMID: 30742240 PMCID: PMC6370891 DOI: 10.1186/s13613-019-0507-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We assessed the association of intravenous insulin and glucose infusion with intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital mortality. Methods For this retrospective association study, we used data from all patients admitted to a medical-surgical ICU between January 2012 and September 2017. We excluded patients admitted < 24 h, patients with a diabetic ketoacidosis, patients with a therapy restriction upon ICU admission and readmissions. Using multivariate logistic regression, we examined the relation between intravenous insulin and glucose infusion and ICU and hospital mortality for all patients. Additionally, we used the same model to analyze the outcomes for patients admitted > 72 h. Results Of 9507 eligible patients, 3966 were included. After correction for potential confounders, intravenous insulin was associated with ICU and hospital mortality in patients admitted > 24 h (n = 3966) (odds ratio (OR) 1.09 [95% CI 1.05–1.13] and 1.09 [95% CI 1.06–1.13] per 0.1 IU/kg added, respectively). Likewise, intravenous glucose was associated with ICU mortality (OR 1.01 [95% CI 1.00–1.01]) but not with hospital mortality and (OR 1.00 [95% CI 1.00–1.01]) per g/day added, respectively. In patients admitted > 72 h (n = 1550), insulin dose was associated with both ICU and hospital mortality (p = 0.002 and p < 0.001, respectively), but glucose infusion was not (p = 0.08 and p = 0.2, respectively). Conclusions Intravenous insulin administration is associated with an increased risk of ICU and hospital mortality, after correction for potential confounders. Parenteral glucose administration was limited in amount but was still associated with ICU mortality. However, based on these results, it is unknown whether this association is an epiphenomenon, or represents a true harm of insulin and glucose administration. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13613-019-0507-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigrid C van Steen
- Department of Endocrinology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Intensive Care, OLVG Hospital, P.O. Box 95500, 1090 HM, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia Rijkenberg
- Department of Intensive Care, OLVG Hospital, P.O. Box 95500, 1090 HM, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter H J van der Voort
- Department of Intensive Care, OLVG Hospital, P.O. Box 95500, 1090 HM, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,TIAS, School for Business and Society, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands.
| | - J Hans DeVries
- Department of Endocrinology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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27
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Roy S, Rizvi ZA, Awasthi A. Metabolic Checkpoints in Differentiation of Helper T Cells in Tissue Inflammation. Front Immunol 2019; 9:3036. [PMID: 30692989 PMCID: PMC6340303 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.03036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Naïve CD4+ T cell differentiate into effector and regulatory subsets of helper T (Th) cells in various pathophysiological conditions and modulate tissue inflammation in autoimmune diseases. While cytokines play a key role in determining the fate of Th cells differentiation, metabolites, and metabolic pathways profoundly influence Th cells fate and their functions. Emerging literature suggests that interplay between metabolic pathways and cytokines potentiates T cell differentiation and functions in tissue inflammation in autoimmune diseases. Metabolic pathways, which are essential for the differentiation and functions of Th cell subsets, are regulated by cytokines, nutrients, growth factors, local oxygen levels, co-activation receptors, and metabolites. Dysregulation of metabolic pathways not only alters metabolic regulators in Th cells but also affect the outcome of tissue inflammation in autoimmune and allergic diseases. Understanding the modulation of metabolic pathways during T cells differentiation may potentially lead to a therapeutic strategy for immune-modulation of autoimmune and allergic diseases. In this review, we summarize the role of metabolic checkpoints and their crosstalk with different master transcription factors and signaling molecules in differentiation and function of Th subsets, which may potentially unravel novel therapeutic interventions for tissue inflammation and autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suyasha Roy
- Immuno-Biology Lab, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India
| | - Zaigham Abbas Rizvi
- Immuno-Biology Lab, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India
| | - Amit Awasthi
- Immuno-Biology Lab, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India
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28
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Yaribeygi H, Katsiki N, Butler AE, Sahebkar A. Effects of antidiabetic drugs on NLRP3 inflammasome activity, with a focus on diabetic kidneys. Drug Discov Today 2019; 24:256-262. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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29
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Yaribeygi H, Atkin SL, Pirro M, Sahebkar A. A review of the anti-inflammatory properties of antidiabetic agents providing protective effects against vascular complications in diabetes. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:8286-8294. [PMID: 30417367 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The global prevalence of Type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications are growing rapidly. Although the role of hyperglycemia is well recognized in the pathophysiology of diabetic complications, its exact underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. In this regard, accumulating evidence suggests that the role of inflammation appears pivotal, with studies showing that most diabetic complications are associated with an inflammatory response. Several classes of antidiabetic agents have been introduced for controlling glycemia, with evidence that these pharmacological agents may have modulatory effects on inflammation beyond their glucose-lowering activity. Here we review the latest evidence on the anti-inflammatory effects of commonly used antidiabetic medications and discuss the relevance of these effects on preventing diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habib Yaribeygi
- Chronic Kidney Disease Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Matteo Pirro
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Arteriosclerosis Diseases, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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30
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Koufakis T, Karras SN, Zebekakis P, Ajjan R, Kotsa K. Should the last be first? Questions and dilemmas regarding early short-term insulin treatment in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2018; 18:1113-1121. [PMID: 30244600 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2018.1526278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Early short-term insulin treatment (STIT), defined as insulin administration shortly after diabetes diagnosis for only a brief period of time, is an alternative concept, aiming to entirely revise the perspective of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) management. AREAS COVERED The present review intends to summarize what is already known regarding early STIT in T2DM and highlight questions and dilemmas from the clinician's point of view, with a discourse on future research agenda. EXPERT OPINION STIT has the potential to modify the natural history of T2DM, resulting in improved drug-free remission rates by favorably affecting the underlying pathophysiology of the disease. Existing data in the field manifest significant weaknesses, mainly being the small number of trials and patients included, the lack of control groups in most studies and the wide heterogeneity between study designs and explored outcomes, which limit definitive conclusions. Therefore, before such a therapeutic strategy is incorporated into daily practice, important issues require further clarification by future trials. These issues include the optimal time point for the intervention, the ideal insulin type, the identification of patients being most likely to benefit, the STIT effects on cardiovascular and other clinical outcomes and the cost-effectiveness evaluation of this therapeutic strategy. ABBREVIATIONS T2DM: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus; HbA1C: Hemoglobin A1c; OHA: Oral Hypoglycemic Agents; STIT: Short-term Insulin Treatment; CSII: Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion; MDI: Multiple Daily Injections; PPG: Postprandial Plasma Glucose; FPG: Fasting Plasma Glucose; HOMA-b: Homeostasis Model Assessment of beta-cell function; TDD: Total Daily Insulin Dose; DI: Disposition Index; HOMA-IR: Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance; ROS: Reactive Oxygen Species; TNF: Tumor Necrosis Factor; GLP-1: Glucagon-like peptide-1; GIP: Glucose-dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide; BMI: Body Mass Index; CV: Cardiovascular; DR: Diabetic Retinopathy; SU: Sulfonylurea; IGI: Insulinogenic Index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theocharis Koufakis
- a Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Diabetes Center, First Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , AHEPA University Hospital , Thessaloniki , Greece
| | - Spyridon N Karras
- a Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Diabetes Center, First Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , AHEPA University Hospital , Thessaloniki , Greece
| | - Pantelis Zebekakis
- a Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Diabetes Center, First Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , AHEPA University Hospital , Thessaloniki , Greece
| | - Ramzi Ajjan
- b Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetes Research, Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine , University of Leeds , Leeds , UK
| | - Kalliopi Kotsa
- a Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Diabetes Center, First Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , AHEPA University Hospital , Thessaloniki , Greece
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31
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Abstract
Vascular graft infection is a devastating complication of vascular reconstructive surgery. The infection can occur early in the postoperative period and is largely due to intraoperative contamination or by contiguous extension from a nearby infection. It can also occur years after implantation. Staphylococci remain the most common organisms and biofilm production makes eradication difficult. Factors commonly reported to predispose to vascular graft infection are periodontal disease, nasal colonization with Staphylococcus aureus, bacteremia, certain graft characteristics, diabetes mellitus, postoperative hyperglycemia, location of the incision, wound infection, and emergency procedure. Management consists of antibiotic and surgical therapy. Preventive methods are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Gharamti
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut, Cairo Street, Riad El Solh, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
| | - Zeina A Kanafani
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut, Cairo Street, Riad El Solh, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Cairo Street, PO Box 11-0236/11D, Riad El Solh, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon.
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32
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Duro M, Manso MC, Barreira S, Rebelo I, Medeiros R, Almeida C. Metabolic syndrome in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. Int J STD AIDS 2018; 29:1089-1097. [PMID: 29874955 DOI: 10.1177/0956462418775188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the factors underlying the development of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in HIV-infected patients. Two hundred and sixty-six clinical cases were selected for a retrospective study. The sample was classified using the Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines and the identification of risk or protective factors associated with MetS evaluated via multivariate logistic or multinomial regressions. HIV-infected individuals diagnosed with MetS tend to be older, overweight, or obese (85% have a BMI ≥ 25), with a waist circumference > 90 cm (96.5 [88.8-105.5] cm, median [interquartile range]). Blood testing these individuals revealed high fasting levels of insulin (8.1 [5.8-21.6] pg/ml), glucose (98.0 [84.0-116.0] mg/dl), triglycerides (201.0 [142.0-267.3] mg/dl), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (36.5 [29.8-43.3] mg/dl) in addition with higher levels of inflammatory mediators such as high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (2.5 [1.0-4.9] mg/dl) and interleukin-6 (3.4 [2.8-3.8] pg/ml). The likelihood of HIV-infected individuals who are virally suppressed developing MetS is about 60% higher than those with acute infection. Treatment with nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) and protease inhibitors (PIs) increases the chance of developing MetS by around 2.4 times. Individuals with a lower antioxidant capacity (total antioxidant status [TAS] <1.33) have a 2.6 times higher risk of developing MetS. HIV-related chronic inflammation, a low TAS, and treatment with NRTIs in association with PIs are additional MetS risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Duro
- 1 Faculty of Pharmacy, Oporto University, Oporto, Portugal.,2 FP-ENAS (UFP Energy, Environment and Health Research Unit), Faculty of Health Sciences, Fernando Pessoa University, Oporto, Portugal.,3 Vale do Sousa Clinical Analysis Laboratory, Penafiel, Portugal.,4 UCIBIO@REQUIMTE, Oporto University, Oporto, Portugal
| | - M C Manso
- 2 FP-ENAS (UFP Energy, Environment and Health Research Unit), Faculty of Health Sciences, Fernando Pessoa University, Oporto, Portugal.,5 LAQV@REQUIMTE, Oporto University, Oporto, Portugal
| | - S Barreira
- 2 FP-ENAS (UFP Energy, Environment and Health Research Unit), Faculty of Health Sciences, Fernando Pessoa University, Oporto, Portugal
| | - I Rebelo
- 1 Faculty of Pharmacy, Oporto University, Oporto, Portugal.,4 UCIBIO@REQUIMTE, Oporto University, Oporto, Portugal
| | - R Medeiros
- 2 FP-ENAS (UFP Energy, Environment and Health Research Unit), Faculty of Health Sciences, Fernando Pessoa University, Oporto, Portugal.,6 Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Oporto, Portugal
| | - C Almeida
- 2 FP-ENAS (UFP Energy, Environment and Health Research Unit), Faculty of Health Sciences, Fernando Pessoa University, Oporto, Portugal
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33
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Mendes-Braz M, Martins JO. Diabetes Mellitus and Liver Surgery: The Effect of Diabetes on Oxidative Stress and Inflammation. Mediators Inflamm 2018; 2018:2456579. [PMID: 29853784 PMCID: PMC5964489 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2456579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycaemia and high morbidity worldwide. The detrimental effects of hyperglycaemia include an increase in the oxidative stress (OS) response and an enhanced inflammatory response. DM compromises the ability of the liver to regenerate and is particularly associated with poor prognosis after ischaemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Considering the growing need for knowledge of the impact of DM on the liver following a surgical procedure, this review aims to present recent publications addressing the effects of DM (hyperglycaemia) on OS and the inflammatory process, which play an essential role in I/R injury and impaired hepatic regeneration after liver surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Mendes-Braz
- Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of University Sao Paulo (FCF/USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Joilson O. Martins
- Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of University Sao Paulo (FCF/USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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34
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de Meira JEC, Crovesy L, Santos ALA, Curioni CC, Rosado EL. Unsaturated fatty acids do not have a favourable metabolic response in overweight subjects: Results of a meta-analysis. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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35
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Kim Y, Chen J, Wirth MD, Shivappa N, Hebert JR. Lower Dietary Inflammatory Index Scores Are Associated with Lower Glycemic Index Scores among College Students. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10020182. [PMID: 29414858 PMCID: PMC5852758 DOI: 10.3390/nu10020182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The association between the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII®), the glycemic index (GI), and the glycemic load (GL) is not known, although it is known that carbohydrates are pro-inflammatory. We aimed to measure the association between the DII and both GI and GL among college students. In this cross-sectional study, 110 college students completed a 3-day food diary, which was used to calculate the DII, the GI, the GL, and the healthy eating index (HEI)-2010. Least square means and 95% confidence intervals of the GI, the GL, and the HEI-2010 were presented per DII tertile using generalized linear mixed models. Participants in tertile 1 of DII scores had lower GI and GL scores, but higher HEI-2010 scores than those in tertile 3. Pearson correlations showed that DII score was positively correlated with the GI score (r = 0.30, p < 0.01), but negatively correlated with the HEI-2010 (r = −0.56, p < 0.001). DII score was not correlated with GL score. Results from this study suggest that increased inflammatory potential of diet, as represented by higher DII scores, was associated with increased GI scores and lower quality of diet on the HEI-2010. Use of the DII suggests new directions for dietary approaches for preventing chronic diseases that moves beyond convention by decreasing systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeonsoo Kim
- Department of Human Environmental Studies, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48858, USA.
| | - Jie Chen
- School of Human Ecology, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA 71270, USA.
| | - Michael D Wirth
- South Carolina Statewide Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
- Connecting Health Innovations LLC, Columbia, SC 29201, USA.
- College of Nursing, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
| | - Nitin Shivappa
- South Carolina Statewide Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
- Connecting Health Innovations LLC, Columbia, SC 29201, USA.
| | - James R Hebert
- South Carolina Statewide Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
- Connecting Health Innovations LLC, Columbia, SC 29201, USA.
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36
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Wu Z, Xia Z, Wu B, Wei F, Lv X, Xie Y, Xu S, Xu J, Chen H, Huang F. Lipid profiling in serum from apolipoprotein E-knock out mice fed with different diets and its application to the study of the regulatory effect on lipid metabolism. Food Funct 2018; 9:5103-5114. [DOI: 10.1039/c8fo01076e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A lipidome profiling platform was established that could evaluate the cardiovascular health products from lipid changes, their metabolism regulation and intervention mechanism in chronic disease, such as atherosclerosis.
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37
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Heinemann L, Parkin CG. Rethinking the Viability and Utility of Inhaled Insulin in Clinical Practice. J Diabetes Res 2018; 2018:4568903. [PMID: 29707584 PMCID: PMC5863311 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4568903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite considerable advances in pharmacotherapy and self-monitoring technologies in the last decades, a large percentage of adults with diabetes remain unsuccessful in achieving optimal glucose due to suboptimal medication adherence. Contributors to suboptimal adherence to insulin treatment include pain, inconvenience, and regimen complexity; however, a key driver is hypoglycemia. Improvements in the PK/PD characteristics of today's SC insulins provide more physiologic coverage of basal and prandial insulin requirements than regular human insulin; however, they do not achieve the rapid on/rapid off characteristics of endogenously secreted insulin seen in healthy, nondiabetic individuals. Pulmonary administration of prandial insulin represents an attractive option that overcomes limitations of SC insulin by providing more a rapid onset of action and a faster return of action to baseline levels than SC administration of rapid-acting insulin analogs. This article reviews the unique PK/PD properties of a novel inhaled formulation that support its use in patient populations with T1D or T2D.
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Freese J, Klement RJ, Ruiz-Núñez B, Schwarz S, Lötzerich H. The sedentary (r)evolution: Have we lost our metabolic flexibility? F1000Res 2017; 6:1787. [PMID: 29225776 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.12724.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
During the course of evolution, up until the agricultural revolution, environmental fluctuations forced the human species to develop a flexible metabolism in order to adapt its energy needs to various climate, seasonal and vegetation conditions. Metabolic flexibility safeguarded human survival independent of food availability. In modern times, humans switched their primal lifestyle towards a constant availability of energy-dense, yet often nutrient-deficient, foods, persistent psycho-emotional stressors and a lack of exercise. As a result, humans progressively gain metabolic disorders, such as the metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, certain types of cancer, cardiovascular disease and Alzheimer´s disease, wherever the sedentary lifestyle spreads in the world. For more than 2.5 million years, our capability to store fat for times of food shortage was an outstanding survival advantage. Nowadays, the same survival strategy in a completely altered surrounding is responsible for a constant accumulation of body fat. In this article, we argue that the metabolic disease epidemic is largely based on a deficit in metabolic flexibility. We hypothesize that the modern energetic inflexibility, typically displayed by symptoms of neuroglycopenia, can be reversed by re-cultivating suppressed metabolic programs, which became obsolete in an affluent environment, particularly the ability to easily switch to ketone body and fat oxidation. In a simplified model, the basic metabolic programs of humans' primal hunter-gatherer lifestyle are opposed to the current sedentary lifestyle. Those metabolic programs, which are chronically neglected in modern surroundings, are identified and conclusions for the prevention of chronic metabolic diseases are drawn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Freese
- Institute of Outdoor Sports and Environmental Science, German Sports University Cologne, Cologne, 50933, Germany
| | - Rainer Johannes Klement
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Leopoldina Hospital Schweinfurt, Schweinfurt, 97422, Germany
| | - Begoña Ruiz-Núñez
- Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, 9713, Netherlands
| | - Sebastian Schwarz
- University College Physiotherapy Thim van der Laan,, Landquart, 7302, Switzerland
| | - Helmut Lötzerich
- Institute of Outdoor Sports and Environmental Science, German Sports University Cologne, Cologne, 50933, Germany
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Freese J, Klement RJ, Ruiz-Núñez B, Schwarz S, Lötzerich H. The sedentary (r)evolution: Have we lost our metabolic flexibility? F1000Res 2017; 6:1787. [PMID: 29225776 PMCID: PMC5710317 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.12724.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
During the course of evolution, up until the agricultural revolution, environmental fluctuations forced the human species to develop a flexible metabolism in order to adapt its energy needs to various climate, seasonal and vegetation conditions. Metabolic flexibility safeguarded human survival independent of food availability. In modern times, humans switched their primal lifestyle towards a constant availability of energy-dense, yet often nutrient-deficient, foods, persistent psycho-emotional stressors and a lack of exercise. As a result, humans progressively gain metabolic disorders, such as the metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, certain types of cancer, cardiovascular disease and Alzheimer´s disease, wherever the sedentary lifestyle spreads in the world. For more than 2.5 million years, our capability to store fat for times of food shortage was an outstanding survival advantage. Nowadays, the same survival strategy in a completely altered surrounding is responsible for a constant accumulation of body fat. In this article, we argue that the metabolic disease epidemic is largely based on a deficit in metabolic flexibility. We hypothesize that the modern energetic inflexibility, typically displayed by symptoms of neuroglycopenia, can be reversed by re-cultivating suppressed metabolic programs, which became obsolete in an affluent environment, particularly the ability to easily switch to ketone body and fat oxidation. In a simplified model, the basic metabolic programs of humans’ primal hunter-gatherer lifestyle are opposed to the current sedentary lifestyle. Those metabolic programs, which are chronically neglected in modern surroundings, are identified and conclusions for the prevention of chronic metabolic diseases are drawn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Freese
- Institute of Outdoor Sports and Environmental Science, German Sports University Cologne, Cologne, 50933, Germany
| | - Rainer Johannes Klement
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Leopoldina Hospital Schweinfurt, Schweinfurt, 97422, Germany
| | - Begoña Ruiz-Núñez
- Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, 9713, Netherlands
| | - Sebastian Schwarz
- University College Physiotherapy Thim van der Laan,, Landquart, 7302, Switzerland
| | - Helmut Lötzerich
- Institute of Outdoor Sports and Environmental Science, German Sports University Cologne, Cologne, 50933, Germany
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Owens DR, Monnier L, Barnett AH. Future challenges and therapeutic opportunities in type 2 diabetes: Changing the paradigm of current therapy. Diabetes Obes Metab 2017; 19:1339-1352. [PMID: 28432748 PMCID: PMC5637910 DOI: 10.1111/dom.12977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Most algorithms for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) do not recommend treatment escalation until glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) fails to reach the recommended target of 7% (53 mmol/mol) within approximately 3 months on any treatment regimen ("treat to failure"). Clinical inertia and/or poor adherence to therapy contribute to patients not reaching glycaemic targets when managed according to this paradigm. Clinical inertia exists across the entire spectrum of anti-diabetes therapies, although it is most pronounced when initiating and optimizing insulin therapy. Possible reasons include needle aversion, fear of hypoglycaemia, excessive weight gain and/or the need for increased self-monitoring of blood glucose. Studies have suggested, however, that early intensive insulin therapy in newly diagnosed, symptomatic patients with T2DM with HbA1c >9% (75 mmol/mol) can preserve beta-cell function, thereby modulating the disease process. Furthermore, postprandial plasma glucose is a key component of residual dysglycaemia, evident especially when HbA1c remains above target despite fasting normoglycaemia. Therefore, to achieve near normoglycaemia, additional treatment with prandial insulin or a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA) is often required. Long- or short-acting GLP-1 RAs offer effective alternatives to basal or prandial insulin in patients inadequately controlled with other therapies or basal insulin alone, respectively. This review highlights the limitations of current algorithms, and proposes an alternative based on the early introduction of insulin therapy and the rationale for the sequential or fixed combination of GLP-1 RAs with insulin ("treat-to-success" paradigm).
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Affiliation(s)
- David R. Owens
- Diabetes Research Unit, Institute of Life Sciences, College of MedicineSwansea UniversitySwanseaUK
| | - Louis Monnier
- Laboratory of Human Nutrition and Atherosclerosis, Institute of Clinical ResearchUniversity of MontpellierMontpellierFrance
| | - Anthony H. Barnett
- Diabetes and Endocrine CentreHeart of England NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham Heartlands HospitalBirminghamUK
- University of BirminghamBirminghamUK
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Montes-Nieto R, Insenser M, Murri M, Fernández-Durán E, Ojeda-Ojeda M, Martínez-García MÁ, Luque-Ramírez M, Escobar-Morreale HF. Plasma thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in young adults: Obesity increases fasting levels only in men whereas glucose ingestion, and not protein or lipid intake, increases postprandial concentrations regardless of sex and obesity. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 61. [PMID: 28722287 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Oxidative stress and damage participate in the pathophysiology of obesity and its metabolic complications. We studied the influence of sex, obesity, and ingestion of different macronutrients on fasting and postprandial thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), which can be considered as an index of lipid peroxidation and oxidative damage. METHODS AND RESULTS We studied 19 men and 17 women, out of whom nine men and eight women had obesity. We collected blood samples in the fasting state and, on alternate days, following the ingestion of 300 kcal in the form of glucose, lipids, or proteins. Fasting TBARS concentrations correlated with waist circumference and were increased in obese men compared with nonobese men. This increase was not, however, observed in women. TBARS concentrations showed a marked increase following the ingestion of glucose in parallel to the increase in plasma glucose when considering all subjects as a whole, but did not increase after the oral intake of lipids and proteins. CONCLUSION Plasma TBARS concentrations are increased in the fasting state only in obese men in association with abdominal adiposity, and increases markedly after the ingestion of glucose, but not after oral intake of lipids and proteins, regardless of sex and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Montes-Nieto
- Diabetes, Obesity and Human Reproduction Research Group, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Universidad de Alcalá, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria IRYCIS, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas CIBERDEM, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Insenser
- Diabetes, Obesity and Human Reproduction Research Group, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Universidad de Alcalá, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria IRYCIS, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas CIBERDEM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mora Murri
- Diabetes, Obesity and Human Reproduction Research Group, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Universidad de Alcalá, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria IRYCIS, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas CIBERDEM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Fernández-Durán
- Diabetes, Obesity and Human Reproduction Research Group, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Universidad de Alcalá, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria IRYCIS, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas CIBERDEM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miriam Ojeda-Ojeda
- Diabetes, Obesity and Human Reproduction Research Group, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Universidad de Alcalá, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria IRYCIS, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas CIBERDEM, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Martínez-García
- Diabetes, Obesity and Human Reproduction Research Group, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Universidad de Alcalá, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria IRYCIS, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas CIBERDEM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Luque-Ramírez
- Diabetes, Obesity and Human Reproduction Research Group, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Universidad de Alcalá, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria IRYCIS, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas CIBERDEM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Héctor F Escobar-Morreale
- Diabetes, Obesity and Human Reproduction Research Group, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Universidad de Alcalá, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria IRYCIS, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas CIBERDEM, Madrid, Spain
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Udo A, Goodlad C, Davenport A. Impact of Diabetes on Extracellular Volume Status in Patients Initiating Peritoneal Dialysis. Am J Nephrol 2017; 46:18-25. [PMID: 28564640 DOI: 10.1159/000477326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent reports have highlighted that diabetic patients with kidney failure are at increased risk of technique failure and transfer to haemodialysis within 90 days of initiating peritoneal dialysis (PD). We wished to determine whether there were differences between diabetic and non-diabetic patients within the first 3 months of starting PD. METHODS We reviewed results of corresponding bioimpedance and the 1st test of peritoneal membrane function (PET) in consecutive patients, 6-10 weeks after initiating PD electively. RESULTS Adult patients numbering 386 - 230 males (59.6%), 152 (39.4%) diabetic, 188 (48.7%) white, mean age 57.3 ±16.9 years - were studied. Although weight, residual renal function and peritoneal clearances were not different, diabetic patients had greater extracellular water to total body water (ECW/TBW; 40.4 ± 1.1 vs. 39.2 ± 1.4) and % ECW excess (9.6 [6.3-12.3] vs. 4.9 [0.7-8.9]), lower serum albumin (35.2 ± 4.7 vs. 37.8 ± 4.9 g/L), greater fat mass index (9.5 ± 4.2 vs. 7.7 ± 4.2), and although mean arterial blood pressure was similar, arterial pulse pressure was greater (66.9 ± 10.8 vs. 54.3 ± 17.3 mm Hg, all p < 0.001). On multivariate analysis, glycated haemoglobin was associated with pulse pressure (standardised β 0.24, p < 0.001), N terminal brain natriuretic peptide (β 0.24, p < 0.001), ECW/TBW (β 0.19, p = 0.012) and negatively with serum albumin (β -0.14, p = 0.033) and creatinine (β -0.18, p = 0.02). CONCLUSION Diabetic patients electively starting PD were found to have greater ECW/TBW ratios and ECW excess 6-10 weeks after starting PD compared to non-diabetics, despite similar PET. Increased ECW could predispose diabetic patients to be at greater risk of volume overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniema Udo
- Dialysis Unit, University of Uyo Teaching Hospital, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
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43
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Justicia C, Salas-Perdomo A, Pérez-de-Puig I, Deddens LH, van Tilborg GAF, Castellví C, Dijkhuizen RM, Chamorro Á, Planas AM. Uric Acid Is Protective After Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion in Hyperglycemic Mice. Transl Stroke Res 2016; 8:294-305. [PMID: 27981484 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-016-0515-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 12/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hyperglycemia at stroke onset is associated with poor long-term clinical outcome in numerous studies. Hyperglycemia induces intracellular acidosis, lipid peroxidation, and peroxynitrite production resulting in the generation of oxidative and nitrosative stress in the ischemic tissue. Here, we studied the effects of acute hyperglycemia on in vivo intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression, neutrophil recruitment, and brain damage after ischemia/reperfusion in mice and tested whether the natural antioxidant uric acid was protective. Hyperglycemia was induced by i.p. administration of dextrose 45 min before transient occlusion of the middle cerebral artery. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed at 24 h to measure lesion volume. A group of normoglycemic and hyperglycemic mice received an i.v. injection of micron-sized particles of iron oxide (MPIOs), conjugated with either anti-ICAM-1 antibody or control IgG, followed by T2*w MRI. Neutrophil infiltration was studied by immunofluorescence and flow cytometry. A group of hyperglycemic mice received an i.v. infusion of uric acid (16 mg/kg) or the vehicle starting after 45 min of reperfusion. ICAM-1-targeted MPIOs induced significantly larger MRI contrast-enhancing effects in the ischemic brain of hyperglycemic mice, which also showed more infiltrating neutrophils and larger lesions than normoglycemic mice. Uric acid reduced infarct volume in hyperglycemic mice but it did not prevent vascular ICAM-1 upregulation and did not significantly reduce the number of neutrophils in the ischemic brain tissue. In conclusion, hyperglycemia enhances stroke-induced vascular ICAM-1 and neutrophil infiltration and exacerbates the brain lesion. Uric acid reduces the lesion size after ischemia/reperfusion in hyperglycemic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carles Justicia
- Departament d'Isquemia Cerebral i Neurodegeneracio, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques de Barcelona (IIBB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), Rossello 161, planta 6, 08036, Barcelona, Spain. .,Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Rossello 161, planta 6, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Angélica Salas-Perdomo
- Departament d'Isquemia Cerebral i Neurodegeneracio, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques de Barcelona (IIBB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), Rossello 161, planta 6, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Rossello 161, planta 6, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Pérez-de-Puig
- Departament d'Isquemia Cerebral i Neurodegeneracio, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques de Barcelona (IIBB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), Rossello 161, planta 6, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Rossello 161, planta 6, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lisette H Deddens
- Biomedical MR Imaging and Spectroscopy Group, Center for Image Sciences, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Geralda A F van Tilborg
- Biomedical MR Imaging and Spectroscopy Group, Center for Image Sciences, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Clara Castellví
- Departament d'Isquemia Cerebral i Neurodegeneracio, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques de Barcelona (IIBB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), Rossello 161, planta 6, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rick M Dijkhuizen
- Biomedical MR Imaging and Spectroscopy Group, Center for Image Sciences, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ángel Chamorro
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Rossello 161, planta 6, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.,Comprehensive Stroke Center, Department of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna M Planas
- Departament d'Isquemia Cerebral i Neurodegeneracio, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques de Barcelona (IIBB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), Rossello 161, planta 6, 08036, Barcelona, Spain. .,Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Rossello 161, planta 6, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.
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Joy NG, Perkins JM, Mikeladze M, Younk L, Tate DB, Davis SN. Comparative effects of acute hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia on pro-atherothrombotic biomarkers and endothelial function in non-diabetic humans. J Diabetes Complications 2016; 30:1275-81. [PMID: 27445005 PMCID: PMC4987190 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2016.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The comparative effects of acute moderate hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia on in vivo endothelial function together with pro-inflammatory and pro-atherothrombotic responses in healthy individuals have not been determined. METHODS To investigate this question, 45 healthy subjects were compared during glucose clamp studies consisting of euinsulinemic hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemic hyperglycemia (plasma glucose 11.1mmol/L, both with pancreatic clamps) and hyperinsulinemic euglycemia and hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia (plasma glucose 5.1 and 2.9mmol/L, respectively). Two-dimensional Doppler ultrasound was used to determine brachial artery endothelial function. RESULTS Insulin levels during euinsulinemia hyperglycemia were 194±23 and (850±49-988±114) pmol/L during all hyperinsulinemic protocols. Responses of VCAM-1, ICAM-1, E-selectin, P-selectin, PAI-1, and IL-6 were increased (p<0.05-0.0001) during euinsulinemic hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia as compared to hyperinsulinemic euglycemia or hyperinsulinemic hyperglycemia. PAI-1 was increased (p<0.04) during hypoglycemia as compared to euinsulinemic hyperglycemia, and TNF-α responses were also increased during hypoglycemia as compared to hyperinsulinemic euglycemia or hyperinsulinemic hyperglycemia (p<0.05). In vivo endothelial function was similarly blunted by acute moderate hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia. CONCLUSION In summary, acute moderate hypoglycemia and euinsulinemic hyperglycemia can result in similar endothelial dysfunction and pro-atherothrombotic responses. Fibrinolytic balance was reduced by a greater extent by hypoglycemia as compared to moderate hyperglycemia. Acutely, hyperinsulinemia can prevent the acute pro-atherothrombotic and pro-inflammatory effects of moderate hyperglycemia but not hypoglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nino G Joy
- University of Maryland, Baltimore, Baltimore, MD
| | | | | | - Lisa Younk
- University of Maryland, Baltimore, Baltimore, MD
| | - Donna B Tate
- University of Maryland, Baltimore, Baltimore, MD
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Model Programs to Address Obesity and Cardiometabolic Disease: Interventions for Suboptimal Nutrition and Sedentary Lifestyles. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2016; 97:S238-46. [PMID: 27422346 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2016.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2015] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Problems posed by obesity-related endocrine diseases embody a national health crisis. Caloric excess and sedentary lifestyle from which they develop also pose significant challenges for rehabilitation providers. Almost two thirds of the U.S. population are currently overweight or obese, a number that has increased by >10% within the last decade and is expected to grow. An overweight body habitus is strongly associated with clinical hazards, including cardiometabolic syndrome, diabetes hypertension, and coronary artery disease. The component health risks of the cardiometabolic syndrome include coalescing of risk factors that predict a health calamity unless effective interventions can be developed and widely adopted. Obesity by itself is now considered an American Diabetes Association-qualified disability, but it is also disturbingly prevalent in other physical disability groupings of adults and children. This monograph describes successes of the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP), a National Institutes of Health multisite randomized controlled trial that reported significant weight reduction and a 58% decreased incidence of type-2 diabetes accompanying 1 year of structured lifestyle intervention. This treatment benefit (1) exceeded that of metformin pharmacotherapy, (2) was so powerful that the trial was closed before reaching endpoints, and (3) was judged cost-effective for the patient and society. The DPP roadmap incorporating physical activity, diet, and behavioral approaches has been widely adapted to specific community, faith, racial, ethnic, school, and national populations with excellent outcomes success. The lockstep physical activity approach, activity prescription, and long-term success of the program are described and compared with other programs to illustrate effective countermeasures for the pandemics of obesity and obesity-related cardioendocrine disease. We will illustrate adaptation of the DPP for a cohort of persons with disability from spinal cord injury and the benefits observed.
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Gillies N, Pendharkar SA, Asrani VM, Mathew J, Windsor JA, Petrov MS. Interleukin-6 is associated with chronic hyperglycemia and insulin resistance in patients after acute pancreatitis. Pancreatology 2016; 16:748-55. [PMID: 27401909 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2016.06.661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes is a pervasive disease, with a mounting prevalence and burden on health care systems. Under this collective term of diabetes falls diabetes after diseases of the exocrine pancreas, a condition which was previously under-recognised and often mislabeled as type 2 diabetes mellitus and is now increasingly acknowledged as a stand-alone entity. However, there is a paucity of clinical studies investigating the underlying pathophysiology of diabetes after acute pancreatitis, the most frequent disease of the pancreas. This study aimed to investigate the role of adipocytokines in glucose metabolism after acute pancreatitis. METHODS This was a cross-sectional follow-up study of a patient cohort diagnosed with acute pancreatitis. Fasting venous blood samples were collected to analyse markers of glucose metabolism (fasting blood glucose, haemoglobin A1c, homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR) as a measure of insulin resistance) and adypocytokines (adiponectin, interleukin-6, leptin, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, retinol binding protein-4, resistin, and tumor necrosis factor-α). Participants were categorized into two groups: normoglycemia after acute pancreatitis and chronic hyperglycemia after acute pancreatitis (CHAP). Binary logistic regression and linear regression analyses were used to investigate the association between each of the adipocytokines and markers of glucose metabolism. Potential confounders were adjusted for in multivariate analyses. RESULTS A total of 83 patients with acute pancreatitis were included, of whom 19 developed CHAP. Interleukin-6 was significantly associated with CHAP in both unadjusted and adjusted models (p = 0.030 and p = 0.018, respectively). Further, it was also significantly associated with HOMA-IR in both unadjusted and adjusted models (p = 0.029 and p = 0.037, respectively). Other adipocytokines were not significantly associated with markers of glucose metabolism. CONCLUSION Interleukin-6 appears to be implicated in the development of chronic hyperglycemia and insulin resistance in patients after acute pancreatitis. It may become a potential target in the prevention and early treatment of diabetes after diseases of the exocrine pancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Gillies
- Department of Surgery, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | | | - Juby Mathew
- Department of Surgery, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - John A Windsor
- Department of Surgery, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Maxim S Petrov
- Department of Surgery, University of Auckland, New Zealand.
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Tao J, Zhang D, Man Y, Wang W, Bi Y. Sodium ferulate inhibits high-fat diet-induced inflammatory factors expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Mol Cell Toxicol 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-016-0015-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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48
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Sachwani GR, Jaehne AK, Jayaprakash N, Kuzich M, Onkoba V, Blyden D, Rivers EP. The association between blood glucose levels and matrix-metalloproteinase-9 in early severe sepsis and septic shock. JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION-LONDON 2016; 13:13. [PMID: 27110221 PMCID: PMC4840979 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-016-0122-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Background Hyperglycemia is a frequent and important metabolic derangement that accompanies severe sepsis and septic shock. Matrix-Metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) has been shown to be elevated in acute stress hyperglycemia, chronic hyperglycemia, and in patient with sepsis. The objective of this study was to examine the clinical and pathogenic link between MMP-9 and blood glucose (BG) levels in patients with early severe sepsis and septic shock. Methods We prospectively examined 230 patients with severe sepsis and septic shock immediately upon hospital presentation and before any treatment including insulin administration. Clinical and laboratory data were obtained along with blood samples for the purpose of this study. Univariate tests for mean and median distribution using Spearman correlation and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were performed. A p value ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Patients were grouped based on their presenting BG level (mg/dL): BG <80 (n = 32), 80–120 (n = 53), 121–150 (n = 38), 151–200 (n = 23), and > 201 (n = 84). Rising MMP-9 levels were significantly associated with rising BG levels (p = 0.043). A corresponding increase in the prevalence of diabetes for each glucose grouping from 6.3 to 54.1 % (p = 0.0001) was also found. As MMP-9 levels increased a significantly (p < 0.001) decreases in IL-8 (pg/mL) and ICAM-1 (ng/mL) were noted. Conclusion This is the first study in humans demonstrating a significant and early association between MMP-9 and BG levels in in patients with severe sepsis and septic shock. Neutrophil affecting biomarkers such as IL-8 and ICAM-1 are noted to decrease as MMP-9 levels increase. Clinical risk stratification using MMP-9 levels could potentially help determine which patients would benefit from intensive versus conventional insulin therapy. In addition, antagonizing the up-regulation of MMP-9 could serve as a potential treatment option in severe sepsis or septic shock patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gul R Sachwani
- Henry Ford Hospital, 2799 W Grand Blvd, Detroit, MI 48202 USA
| | - Anja K Jaehne
- Henry Ford Hospital, 2799 W Grand Blvd, Detroit, MI 48202 USA
| | | | - Mark Kuzich
- Henry Ford Hospital, 2799 W Grand Blvd, Detroit, MI 48202 USA
| | - Violet Onkoba
- Henry Ford Hospital, 2799 W Grand Blvd, Detroit, MI 48202 USA
| | - Dione Blyden
- Henry Ford Hospital, 2799 W Grand Blvd, Detroit, MI 48202 USA
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Klement RJ, Fink MK. Dietary and pharmacological modification of the insulin/IGF-1 system: exploiting the full repertoire against cancer. Oncogenesis 2016; 5:e193. [PMID: 26878387 PMCID: PMC5154349 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2016.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
As more and more links between cancer and metabolism are discovered, new approaches to treat cancer using these mechanisms are considered. Dietary restriction of either calories or macronutrients has shown great potential in animal studies to both reduce the incidence and growth of cancer, and to act synergistically with other treatment strategies. These studies have also shown that dietary restriction simultaneously targets many of the molecular pathways that are targeted individually by anticancer drugs. The insulin/insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) system has thereby emerged as a key regulator of cancer growth pathways. Although lowering of insulin levels with diet or drugs such as metformin and diazoxide seems generally beneficial, some practitioners also utilize strategic elevations of insulin levels in combination with chemotherapeutic drugs. This indicates a broad spectrum of possibilities for modulating the insulin/IGF-1 system in cancer treatment. With a specific focus on dietary restriction, insulin administration and the insulin-lowering drug diazoxide, such modifications of the insulin/IGF-1 system are the topic of this review. Although preclinical data are promising, we point out that insulin regulation and the metabolic response to a certain diet often differ between mice and humans. Thus, the need for collecting more human data has to be emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Klement
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Leopoldina Hospital Schweinfurt, Schweinfurt, Germany
| | - M K Fink
- Onkologische Praxis, Fürth, Germany
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Borges MDC, Terra GA, Takeuti TD, Ribeiro BM, Silva AA, Terra-Júnior JA, Rodrigues-Júnior V, Crema E. IMMUNOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS SUBMITTED TO METABOLIC SURGERY. ABCD-ARQUIVOS BRASILEIROS DE CIRURGIA DIGESTIVA 2016; 28:266-9. [PMID: 26734798 PMCID: PMC4755180 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-6720201500040012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunological and inflammatory mechanisms play a key role in the development and progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus. AIM To raise the hypothesis that alterations in immunological parameters occur after duodenojejunal bypass surgery combined with ileal interposition without gastrectomy, and influences the insulin metabolism of betacells. METHODS Seventeen patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus under clinical management were submitted to surgery and blood samples were collected before and six months after surgery for evaluation of the serum profile of proinflammatory (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-17A) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-10). In addition, anthropometric measures, glucose levels and insulin use were evaluated in each patient. RESULTS No changes in the expression pattern of proinflammatory cytokines were observed before and after surgery. In contrast, there was a significant decrease in IL-10 expression, which coincided with a reduction in the daily insulin dose, glycemic index, and BMI of the patients. Early presentation of food to the ileum may have induced the production of incretins such as GLP-1 and PYY which, together with glycemic control, contributed to weight loss, diabetes remission and the consequent good surgical prognosis of these patients. In addition, the control of metabolic syndrome was responsible for the reduction of IL-10 expression in these patients. CONCLUSION These findings suggest the presence of low-grade inflammation in these patients during the postoperative period, certainly as a result of adequate glycemic control and absence of obesity, contributing to a good outcome of surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tharsus Dias Takeuti
- Department of Surgery, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Alex Augusto Silva
- Department of Surgery, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | - Eduardo Crema
- Department of Surgery, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, Brazil
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