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Bærentzen SL, Thomsen MB, Alstrup AK, Wegener G, Brooks DJ, Winterdahl M, Landau AM. Excessive sucrose consumption reduces synaptic density and increases cannabinoid receptors in Göttingen minipigs. Neuropharmacology 2024; 256:110018. [PMID: 38810925 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.110018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Diets high in sucrose and fat are becoming more prevalent the world over, accompanied by a raised prevalence of cardiovascular diseases, cancers, diabetes, obesity, and metabolic syndrome. Clinical studies link unhealthy diets with the development of mental health disorders, particularly depression. Here, we investigate the effects of 12 days of sucrose consumption administered as 2 L of 25% sucrose solution daily for 12 days in Göttingen minipigs on the function of brain receptors involved in reward and motivation, regulating feeding, and pre- and post-synaptic mechanisms. Through quantitative autoradiography of cryostat sections containing limbic brain regions, we investigated the effects of sucrose restricted to a 1-h period each morning, on the specific binding of [3H]raclopride on dopamine D2/3 receptors, [3H]UCB-J at synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A (SV2A), [3H]MPEPγ at metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 (mGluR5) and [3H]SR141716A at the cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1). Compared to control diet animals, the sucrose group showed significantly lower [3H]UCB-J and [3H]MPEPγ binding in the prefrontal cortex. The sucrose-consuming minipigs showed higher hippocampal CB1 binding, but unaltered dopamine D2/3 binding compared to the control group. We found that the sucrose diet reduced the synaptic density marker while increasing CB1 binding in limbic brain structures, which may subserve maladaptive changes in appetite regulation and feeding. Further studies of the effects of diets and lifestyle habits on brain neuroreceptor and synaptic density markers are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Larsen Bærentzen
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Majken Borup Thomsen
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Aage Ko Alstrup
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Gregers Wegener
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - David J Brooks
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Institute of Translational and Clinical Research, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Michael Winterdahl
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anne M Landau
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
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Vallone N, Drake M, Dawer A, Brill R, Sylvetsky AC. Understanding Factors that Influence Parents' Provision of Beverages to Their Children: A Qualitative Evidence Synthesis. Am J Health Promot 2024:8901171241266405. [PMID: 39034300 DOI: 10.1177/08901171241266405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Understand parental perceptions of beverages and factors influencing the beverage choices they make for their children. DATA SOURCE A literature search was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and CINAHL. STUDY INCLUSION AND EXCLUSION CRITERIA Included studies contained qualitative data examining parents' perceptions of beverages or factors that influence their child's beverage consumption, were conducted in the United States between 2000 and 2022, written in English, and enrolled parents of children aged 18 years or younger. DATA EXTRACTION Authors, titles, study aims, methods, qualitative results, and representative quotations were extracted using Covidence. DATA SYNTHESIS Qualitative findings were independently coded by two coders. Codes were compared and discrepancies resolved through discussion with a third team member. Themes and sub-themes were identified, and representative quotations selected. RESULTS 13 studies met inclusion criteria. Five major themes emerged: 1) factors that influence parents' provision of beverages to their children, 2) parents' concerns about sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), 3) barriers to limiting children's SSB consumption, 4) strategies to lower children's SSB consumption, and 5) parents' perceptions of beverage healthfulness. CONCLUSION Though most parents are aware of unfavorable health effects of frequent SSB intake, environmental and sociocultural factors pose barriers to limiting their child's SSB consumption. Changes to policy and the food environment are needed to initiate and sustain reductions in SSB intake, along with continued nutrition education efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Vallone
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, The George Washington University Milken Institute School of Public Health, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Morgan Drake
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, The George Washington University Milken Institute School of Public Health, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Adam Dawer
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, The George Washington University Milken Institute School of Public Health, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Rachel Brill
- Himmelfarb Health Sciences Library, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Allison C Sylvetsky
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, The George Washington University Milken Institute School of Public Health, Washington, DC, USA
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Zhang Y, Di H, Wu J, Wang X, Han X, Zhang B, Zeng X. Assessment of the correlation between KAP scores regarding sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and hyperuricemia amongst Chinese young adults. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1074. [PMID: 38632558 PMCID: PMC11025163 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18513-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of hyperuricemia in China has been consistently increasing, particularly among the younger generation. The excessive consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages is associated with hyperuricemia. This study examined the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of Chinese young adults regarding sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and the correlation with hyperuricemia. METHODS This cross-sectional investigation was conducted from June 28th, 2023, to July 21st, 2023, and enrolled Chinese young adults. Demographics and KAP were evaluated using a questionnaire (Cronbach's α = 0.787). Factors influencing KAP scores were analyzed using multivariable analyses. RESULTS A total of 1288 valid questionnaires were analyzed. The median knowledge, attitude, and practice scores were 16 (12,19)/22, 22 (20,24)/30, and 27.5 (23,31.75)/40. The multivariable analysis showed that bachelor's/associate education (OR = 1.912, 95%CI: 1.128-3.239), white collar/employee (OR = 0.147, 95%CI: 0.105-0.206), educator (OR = 0.300, 95%CI: 0.174-0.518), healthcare worker (OR = 0.277, 95%CI: 0.188-0.407), not suffering from hyperuricemia (OR = 0.386, 95%CI: 0.253-0.590), and not having gout (OR = 0.456, 95%CI: 0.282-0.736) were independently associated with knowledge. Age 26-30 (OR = 1.470, 95%CI: 1.052-2.052), age 31-35 (OR = 1.489, 95%CI: 1.097-2.022), age 36-40 (OR = 0.328, 95%CI: 1.010-1.746), age 41-44 (OR = 1.548, 95%CI: 1.091-2.198), and not having hyperuricemia (OR = 0.512, 95%CI: 0.345-0.760) were independently associated with attitude. White collar/employee (OR = 0.386, 95%CI: 0.285-0.521), educator (OR = 0.534, 95%CI: 0.317-0.899), healthcare worker (OR = 0.341, 95%CI: 0.236-0.493), having siblings (OR = 0.725, 95%CI: 0.573-0.917), and not suffering from hyperuricemia (OR = 0.442, 95%CI: 0.296-0.659), were independently associated with practice. CONCLUSION Chinese young adults display moderate KAP toward sugar-sweetened beverages. Notably, an association was observed between hyperuricemia and each KAP dimension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhang
- Department of Family Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases (Peking Union Medical College Hospital), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No.1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, 100730, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Di
- Department of Family Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases (Peking Union Medical College Hospital), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No.1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, 100730, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Wu
- Department of Family Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases (Peking Union Medical College Hospital), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No.1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, 100730, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxue Wang
- Department of Family Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases (Peking Union Medical College Hospital), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No.1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, 100730, Beijing, China
| | - Xinxin Han
- Department of Family Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases (Peking Union Medical College Hospital), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No.1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, 100730, Beijing, China
| | - Bingqing Zhang
- Department of Family Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases (Peking Union Medical College Hospital), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No.1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, 100730, Beijing, China
| | - Xuejun Zeng
- Department of Family Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases (Peking Union Medical College Hospital), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No.1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, 100730, Beijing, China.
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Qu D, Zhang X, Wang J, Liu B, Wen X, Feng Y, Chen R. New form of addiction: An emerging hazardous addiction problem of milk tea among youths. J Affect Disord 2023; 341:26-34. [PMID: 37625703 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.08.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Milk tea has experienced tremendous growth in popularity in China, especially among youths. The primary objective of this study is to investigate whether milk tea addiction may have a detrimental impact on youths' mental health, such as anxiety, depression, and suicidal ideation. Additionally, we aim to explore its potential role in influencing various mental health outcomes. METHODS A large-scale, cross-sectional study was conducted from 5281 college students in Beijing, China. Participants self-reported depressive, anxiety symptoms, suicidal ideation, and milk tea addiction symptoms including milk tea consumption, dependence, guilty feelings, withdrawal, tolerance, unable to stop, craving, and intention to stop. RESULTS Nearly 77 % of participants consumed milk tea at least 6-11 cups in the last year. The confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) supported the one-factor structure of the milk tea addiction scale, developed according to DSM-5 substance use guidelines. Moreover, we found that a higher level of milk tea addiction was significantly associated with a higher risk of depression (b = 0.24, p < 0.001), anxiety (b = 0.21, p < 0.001), and suicidal ideation (b = 0.06, p < 0.001), respectively, after controlling confounding variables, among youths consuming milk tea. The possible mediating role of milk tea addiction between loneliness feelings and mental health outcomes was further addressed. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our findings highlighted that milk tea consumption might lead to addiction, and it is associated with depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation. Current findings can assist policymakers in developing regulations such as restricting advertising, providing psycho-education, establishing food hygiene standards for such a prosperous youth-dominant consumption industry while protecting their mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diyang Qu
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Institute for Healthy China, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Institute for Healthy China, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Institute for Healthy China, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Bowen Liu
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Institute for Healthy China, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Wen
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Institute for Healthy China, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Feng
- Mental Health Center, Central University of Finance and Economics, Beijing, China; Psychology Application Center for Enterprise and Society, School of Sociology and Psychology, Central University of Finance and Economics, China.
| | - Runsen Chen
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Institute for Healthy China, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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Ker CR, Yang HC, Wang SH, Chan TF. Assessing sugar-sweetened beverage consumption in early pregnancy using a substance abuse framework. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18979. [PMID: 37923852 PMCID: PMC10624895 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46265-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) are previously reported to jeopardize maternal fetal health, most well-known for gestational diabetes, childhood obesity, and cognitive impairment. Although warnings and diet recommendations urge pregnant women to consume less SSB, there is no noticeable difference in their behavior. How and why reproductive women change their SSB consumption patterns were not investigated previously. Our study aims to investigate beverage consumption patterns and how these patterns change in pregnancy in the context of substance use disorder (SUD). We invited all pregnant women visiting the clinic to answer a structured 20-min questionnaire every trimester during the regular antennal visit. At the end of the study, 337 pregnant women aged over 20 participated. A total of 301 responses entered for final analysis, with a response rate of 89.3%. Our finding showed those with high DSM-5-TR scores reduced SSB intake after becoming pregnant, while those with mild or low DSM-5-TR scores increased SSB intake after becoming pregnant. The top 3 factors related to their SSB consumption were "use despite of known health hazard (n = 133)", "increased desire to drink (n = 88)", and "excessive time spent on seeking SSB (n = 85)". The least reported factors were in the domains of social impairment (ranging from n = 3 to n = 26), pharmacologic effects (i.e., tolerance (n = 24) and withdrawal (n = 70). When participants reduced SSB consumption after becoming pregnant, their choice of beverages largely shifted to sugarless beverage but not much plain water. The result provided new insights in deciphering pregnant women's psychomotor factors for SSB intake, which served as useful references for making clinical or even public health recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Ru Ker
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Tzyou 1st Road, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Ching Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Tzyou 1st Road, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Han Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Tzyou 1st Road, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Te-Fu Chan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Tzyou 1st Road, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.
- Center of Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.
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Park M, Kim D, Choi M, Shin J. Difference in Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Consumption before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic among Korean Adolescents. J Nutr 2023; 153:2147-2153. [PMID: 37149286 PMCID: PMC10159663 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have identified various factors associated with sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption among children and adolescents. Recent studies attempted to analyze changes in SSB consumption of adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic and showed conflicting results. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to estimate the difference in SSB consumption before (2018-2019) and during (2020-2021) the COVID-19 pandemic among Korean adolescents. METHODS The study population consisted of students (n = 227,139) aged 12-18 y from the Korean Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey (KYRBWS). Data collection was done between 2018 and 2021. The primary outcome was the difference in the SSB consumption status (none/<7 times/wk, ≥7 times/wk) before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Multinomial logistic regression was used to examine the association. Additional analysises were also conducted by gender, school grades, household income, grade point average, region, household members, fast-food intake, and fruit intake. RESULTS The COVID-19 pandemic was associated with a decrease in adolescents' SSB intake. [(<7 times/wk) 2019: 59.4, 2020: 58.8, (≥7 times/wk) 2019: 35.3, 2020: 33.4]. CONCLUSIONS The study found a difference in SSB consumption among Korean adolescents between before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. These findings are noteworthy considering the importance of continuous care in managing SSB intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munsu Park
- Department of Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dahyun Kim
- Department of Statistics, Sungshin Women's University, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mingee Choi
- Department of Healthcare Management, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jaeyong Shin
- Institute of Health Policy and Management, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Weiss AJ, Erickson DJ, Lammert SM, Laska MN, Berger AT, Wahlstrom KL, Widome R. The impact of delayed school start time on adolescent beverage consumption, findings from the START study. Appetite 2023; 185:106521. [PMID: 36905989 PMCID: PMC10150943 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.106521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We sought to examine the effects of high school start time delay, a proven sleep-promoting intervention, on sugary beverage (SB) consumption among U.S. adolescents. METHODS In the Spring of 2016 (baseline), the START study recruited 2134 ninth grade students who were enrolled high schools in the Twin Cities, MN metropolitan area. These participants were surveyed again in their 10th and 11th grade years, in Spring 2017 and 2018 (follow-ups 1 and 2). All five high schools started early (7:30 or 7:45 a.m.) at baseline. By follow-up 1, two "policy change" schools shifted their start times later (8:20 or 8:50 a.m.) and maintained these later start times through follow-up 2 while three "comparison schools" retained an early start time at all time points. Generalized estimating equations using a negative binomial distribution were used to obtain estimates of the number of sugary beverages consumed per day at each wave as well as the difference in difference (DiD) estimates between baseline and each follow-up period comparing policy change to comparison schools. RESULTS Mean baseline sugary beverage consumption was 0.9 (1.5) beverages per day in policy change schools and 1.2 (1.7) beverages per day in the comparison schools. While there was no evidence of impact of start time change on total SB consumption, DiD estimates revealed a small decrease in the number of caffeinated sugary beverages consumed between baseline and the second follow-up period in students attending the policy change schools relative to comparison schools in both crude (0.11/day reduction, p-value = 0.048) and adjusted analyses (0.11/day reduction, p-value = 0.028). CONCLUSION Although the differences in this study were quite modest, a population-wide reduction in sugary beverage consumption could have public health benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Weiss
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, MN, USA
| | - Darin J Erickson
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, MN, USA
| | - Sara M Lammert
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, MN, USA
| | - Melissa N Laska
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, MN, USA
| | - Aaron T Berger
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, MN, USA
| | - Kyla L Wahlstrom
- Department of Organizational Leadership, Policy and Development, College of Education and Human Development, University of Minnesota, USA
| | - Rachel Widome
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, MN, USA.
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Yu Z, Qin W, Li J. Intergenerational transmission of parental risky health behaviors in Chinese children: Are there socioeconomic status differences? Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 9:842817. [PMID: 36698800 PMCID: PMC9870313 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.842817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Risky health behaviors in childhood, including smoking, alcohol consumption, and having a poor diet, are the major sources of non-communicable diseases in adulthood. This study aimed to examine how parents affect children's risky health behaviors and whether intergenerational transmission differs based on socioeconomic status (SES). Methods Data were extracted from the 1991-2015 China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS). Smoking (n = 5,946), alcohol consumption (n = 7,821), and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) consumption (n = 3,537) were used as proxies for risky health behaviors in children. A binary choice model for panel data with a random-effect specification was employed to examine whether risky health behaviors can be transmitted from parents to their children. Subsequently, we conducted a seemingly unrelated estimation test (SUEST) to explore the differences in parental transmission between the different SES groups. Results We found strong intergenerational persistence of smoking, alcohol drinking, and SSBs drinking behaviors, except for the mothers' smoking behavior. Mothers had a greater influence on children's alcohol drinking and SSBs drinking behaviors than fathers both in urban and rural areas and in different SES groups. The intergenerational transmission of SSBs drinking behavior exhibited a decreasing trend with increasing SES for both urban and rural families. In urban areas, mothers' alcohol drinking behavior has a decreasing trend with increasing education level, occupation, and income; however, in rural areas, the influence of mothers' alcohol drinking behavior occurred in the same direction with increasing education level and occupation type. In rural areas, the influence of fathers' drinking and smoking behaviors on children appears to mostly increase with increasing SES. Meanwhile, the influence of such behaviors among urban fathers would decrease with increasing SES. Conclusion Parents' behaviors and SES can influence the initiation of risky health behaviors in their offspring. Thus, to promote healthy behaviors, policymakers can introduce health education programs for parents, particularly for those living in rural areas and with a low SES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zexuan Yu
- Center for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Biostatistics, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Wen Qin
- Infirmary of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jiajia Li
- Center for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Parnarouskis L, Leventhal AM, Ferguson SG, Gearhardt AN. Withdrawal: A key consideration in evaluating whether highly processed foods are addictive. Obes Rev 2022; 23:e13507. [PMID: 36196649 PMCID: PMC9786266 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Researchers are currently debating whether theories of addiction explain compulsive overeating of highly processed (HP) foods (i.e., industrially created foods high in refined carbohydrates and/or fat), which contributes to obesity and diet-related disease. A subset of individuals consumes HP foods with behavioral phenotypes that mirror substance use disorders. Withdrawal, the emergence of aversive physical and psychological symptoms upon reduction or cessation of substance use, is a core component of addiction that was central to historical debates about other substances' addictive potential (e.g., nicotine and cocaine). However, no one has systematically considered evidence for whether HP foods cause withdrawal, which represents a key knowledge gap regarding the utility of addiction models for understanding compulsive overeating. Thus, we reviewed evidence for whether animals and humans exhibit withdrawal when reducing or eliminating HP food intake. Controlled experimental evidence indicates animals experience HP food withdrawal marked by neural reward changes and behaviors consistent with withdrawal from other addictive substances. In humans, preliminary evidence supports subjective withdrawal-like experiences. However, most current human research is limited to retrospective recall. Further experimental research is needed to evaluate this construct. We outline future research directions to investigate HP food withdrawal in humans and consider potential clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adam M Leventhal
- Institute for Addiction Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Stuart G Ferguson
- Tasmanian School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Ashley N Gearhardt
- Department of Psychology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Beyond thirst: Cravings for non-alcoholic beverages including soft drink. Eat Behav 2022; 46:101662. [PMID: 35981488 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2022.101662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cravings for a range of substances including drugs, alcohol, and food have been shown to predict subsequent consumption or use. However, this link has not yet been systematically examined for beverages other than alcohol. The present study aimed to provide a comprehensive investigation of cravings for non-alcoholic beverages and their link to consumption. Participants were 128 undergraduate students (17-25 years) who completed a craving diary and daily consumption measure over a period of a week. Cravings were reported for a range of beverages, including tea, juice, and flavoured milk, but by far the most craved beverages were water, coffee, and soft drink. Stronger cravings were associated with a greater likelihood of drinking and drinking more of the craved beverage. This was particularly the case for soft drink. Unlike water, cravings for coffee and soft drink were triggered by factors other than thirst, and the number of cravings predicted the total amount drunk over the week. The findings demonstrate the existence of cravings for non-alcoholic beverages such as soft drink, and point to these cravings as a potential target for reducing consumption.
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Parnarouskis L, Gearhardt AN. Preliminary Evidence that Tolerance and Withdrawal Occur in Response to Ultra-processed Foods. CURRENT ADDICTION REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40429-022-00425-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Woelber JP, Al-Ahmad A, Alt KW. On the Pathogenicity of the Oral Biofilm: A Critical Review from a Biological, Evolutionary, and Nutritional Point of View. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14102174. [PMID: 35631315 PMCID: PMC9144701 DOI: 10.3390/nu14102174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Plaque control is one of the most recommended approaches in the prevention and therapy of caries and periodontal diseases. However, although most individuals in industrialized countries already perform daily oral hygiene, caries and periodontal diseases still are the most common diseases of mankind. This raises the question of whether plaque control is really a causative and effective approach to the prevention of these diseases. From an evolutionary, biological, and nutritional perspective, dental biofilms have to be considered a natural phenomenon, whereas several changes in human lifestyle factors during modern evolution are not “natural”. These lifestyle factors include the modern “Western diet” (rich in sugar and saturated fats and low in micronutrients), smoking, sedentary behavior, and continuous stress. This review hypothesizes that not plaque itself but rather these modern, unnatural lifestyle factors are the real causes of the high prevalence of caries and periodontal diseases besides several other non-communicable diseases. Accordingly, applying evolutionary and lifestyle medicine in dentistry would offer a causative approach against oral and common diseases, which would not be possible with oral hygiene approaches used on their own.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Peter Woelber
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany;
- Correspondence:
| | - Ali Al-Ahmad
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany;
| | - Kurt Werner Alt
- Center of Natural and Cultural Human History, Danube Private University, Steiner Landstrasse 124, 3500 Krems-Stein, Austria;
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13
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Kaidbey JH, Ferguson K, Halberg SE, Racke C, Visek AJ, Gearhardt AN, Juliano LM, Dietz WH, Sacheck J, Sylvetsky AC. Stop the Pop: A Mixed-Methods Study Examining Children's Physical and Emotional Responses during Three Days of Sugary Drink Cessation. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14071328. [PMID: 35405940 PMCID: PMC9003451 DOI: 10.3390/nu14071328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite public health efforts to reduce sugary drink consumption, children’s intake continues to exceed recommendations. While numerous barriers to lowering sugary drink consumption have been identified, aversive feelings during sugary drink cessation may further challenge sustained reduction in children’s sugary drink consumption. Herein, we describe “Stop the Pop”, an intervention to examine children’s physical and emotional responses during three days of sugary drink cessation. Children (n = 150) ages 8–14, who reported habitual consumption of ≥12 ounces of sugary drinks daily, were instructed to avoid sweetened beverages for three days. At baseline and on each day of cessation, children completed a daily feelings questionnaire, and a subset of children (n = 30) also completed a qualitative interview following cessation. During sugary drink cessation, children reported physical and emotional improvements, including being less tired, angry, and annoyed; having less trouble sleeping; and less frequently arguing with others, getting in trouble, and getting mad. However, unfavorable responses, such as mood disturbances and having less energy, were reported by some participants. Our results suggest that children who habitually consume sugary drinks may experience physical and emotional improvements during short-term sugary drink cessation, although longer-term examination is needed and inter-individual variability in responses to cessation warrants further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine H. Kaidbey
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA; (J.H.K.); (K.F.); (S.E.H.); (C.R.); (A.J.V.); (J.S.)
| | - Kacey Ferguson
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA; (J.H.K.); (K.F.); (S.E.H.); (C.R.); (A.J.V.); (J.S.)
| | - Sabrina E. Halberg
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA; (J.H.K.); (K.F.); (S.E.H.); (C.R.); (A.J.V.); (J.S.)
| | - Caroline Racke
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA; (J.H.K.); (K.F.); (S.E.H.); (C.R.); (A.J.V.); (J.S.)
| | - Amanda J. Visek
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA; (J.H.K.); (K.F.); (S.E.H.); (C.R.); (A.J.V.); (J.S.)
| | | | - Laura M. Juliano
- Department of Psychology, American University, Washington, DC 20016, USA;
| | - William H. Dietz
- Sumner M. Redstone Global Center for Prevention and Wellness, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA;
| | - Jennifer Sacheck
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA; (J.H.K.); (K.F.); (S.E.H.); (C.R.); (A.J.V.); (J.S.)
| | - Allison C. Sylvetsky
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA; (J.H.K.); (K.F.); (S.E.H.); (C.R.); (A.J.V.); (J.S.)
- Sumner M. Redstone Global Center for Prevention and Wellness, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +202-994-5602
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14
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Hoe C, Weiger C, Minosa MKR, Alonso F, Koon AD, Cohen JE. Strategies to expand corporate autonomy by the tobacco, alcohol and sugar-sweetened beverage industry: a scoping review of reviews. Global Health 2022; 18:17. [PMID: 35164801 PMCID: PMC8845406 DOI: 10.1186/s12992-022-00811-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Noncommunicable diseases contribute to over 70% of global deaths each year. Efforts to address this epidemic are complicated by the presence of powerful corporate actors. Despite this, few attempts have been made to synthesize existing evidence of the strategies used to advance corporate interests across industries. Given this, our study seeks to answer the questions: 1) Is there an emergent taxonomy of strategies used by the tobacco, alcohol and sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) industries to expand corporate autonomy? 2) How are these strategies similar and how are they different? METHODS Under the guidance of a framework developed by Arksey and O'Malley, a scoping review was carried out whereby six databases were searched in June 2021 to identify relevant peer-reviewed literature. To be included in this review, studies had to explicitly discuss the strategies used by the tobacco, alcohol, and/or sugar-sweetened beverage multinational corporations and be considered review articles aimed to synthesize existing evidence from at least one of the three industries. Eight hundred and fifty-eight articles were selected for full review and 59 articles were retained for extraction, analysis, and categorization. RESULTS Results identified six key strategies the industries used: 1) influencing government policy making and implementation, 2) challenging unfavorable science, 3) creating a positive image, 4) manipulating markets, 5) mounting legal challenges, and 6) anticipating future scenarios. Despite these similarities, there are few but important differences. Under the strategy of influencing government policy making and implementation, for example, literature showed that the alcohol and SSB industries have been "privileged with high levels of participation" within international public health organizations. CONCLUSIONS Understanding how industries resist efforts to control them is important for public health advocates working to reduce consumption of and death and diseases resulting from harmful commodities. Moreover, there is a greater need for the public health community to generate consensus about how to ethically engage or not engage with industries that produce unhealthy commodities. More studies are also needed to build the evidence base of industry tactics to resist regulation, particularly in the case of SSB, and in low-and middle-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connie Hoe
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 130.3, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Caitlin Weiger
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Marela Kay R Minosa
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Fernanda Alonso
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Adam D Koon
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Joanna E Cohen
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
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15
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Cao M, Zhu Y, Chen Y, Jing J. Sugar-Sweetened Beverages and Symptom Complaints among School-Aged Children: A National Longitudinal Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030406. [PMID: 35276766 PMCID: PMC8839686 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The association between sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) and symptom complaints among school-aged children remains unclear. Children aged 6−17 years (n = 29,028) were recruited on the basis of a national school-based study. Data collection included two waves: the exposure was the amount and frequency of SSB consumption, collected in the 2013 autumn semester, and outcomes were defined as having clinical symptom complaints after two weeks of observation, collected in the 2014 spring semester. Symptom complaints were defined as fever, cough, headache, loose bowels, vomiting, sore throat, rash, conjunctival congestion, and stomachache. The associations between the amount/frequency of SSBs and symptoms complaints were explored by a general linear model, with adjustments made for socio-demographic and other lifestyle information. Among the 12,454 children (10.32 ± 3.15 years, 48.7% male) in the final analysis, the odds ratio for having symptom complaints (1.46, 95% CI: 1.10−1.95) among children whose SSB consumption was >75 mL/day was significantly higher than that among children who had no SSB consumption. Among children with a daily SSB intake of more than 75 mL, there was a higher risk for symptom complaints. We recommend more support for decreasing SSB consumption among children to minimize negative health outcomes.
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16
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Braid L, Oliva R, Nichols K, Reyes A, Guzman J, Goldman RE, Woo Baidal JA. Community Perceptions in New York City: Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Policies and Programs in the First 1000 Days. Matern Child Health J 2021; 26:193-204. [PMID: 34618312 PMCID: PMC8495667 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-021-03255-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Objectives To examine perceptions of Sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) policies and programs focused on the first 1000 days—gestation through age 2 years—among community stakeholders in Washington Heights and the South Bronx, two neighborhoods in New York City with disproportionately high prevalence of childhood obesity. Methods A multilevel framework informed interview guide development. Using purposeful sampling, we recruited study participants who were (1) able to speak English or Spanish and (2) resided or employed in Washington Heights or the South Bronx. Participants included community leaders (local government officials, community board members, and employees from community- and faith-based organizations) as well as community members. Trained research staff conducted semi-structured in-depth interviews. Using immersion/crystallization and template style coding, the study team performed thematic analysis until no new relevant themes emerged. Results Among the 19 female study participants, perceived facilitators to SSB policy and program implementation included sustained partnerships with broad coalitions; continual education and clear messaging; and increased accessibility to healthier beverages. Perceived barriers included systems-level challenges accessing programs that support healthy beverage options, and individual-level lack of access to affordable healthy beverages. Acceptable potential intervention strategies included messaging that emphasizes health in pregnancy and infancy; policies that require healthy beverages as the default option in restaurants; and policies that remove SSBs from childcare settings. Some strongly favored SSB excise taxes while others opposed them, but all participants supported reinvestment of SSB tax revenue into health resources among marginalized communities. Conclusions A multi-pronged approach that incorporates engagement, access, equitable reinvestment of revenue, and continual clear messaging may facilitate implementation of policies and programs to reduce SSB consumption in the first 1000 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Braid
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 622 W. 168th Street, New York, NY, 100032, USA.,UC Berkeley School of Public Health, 2121 Berkeley Way, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Rocio Oliva
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 622 W. 168th Street, New York, NY, 100032, USA.,The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, 222 Richmond St, Providence, RI, USA.,Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University Medical Center, 630 W. 168th Street, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kelsey Nichols
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 622 W. 168th Street, New York, NY, 100032, USA
| | - Anita Reyes
- New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Center for Bronx Health Equity, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jairo Guzman
- Coalición Mexicana (Mexican Coalition), Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Roberta E Goldman
- The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, 222 Richmond St, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Jennifer A Woo Baidal
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 622 W. 168th Street, New York, NY, 100032, USA.
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17
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Negative Mood and Food Craving Strength Among Women with Overweight: Implications for Targeting Mechanisms Using a Mindful Eating Intervention. Mindfulness (N Y) 2021; 12:2997-3010. [PMID: 34584574 PMCID: PMC8460847 DOI: 10.1007/s12671-021-01760-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Objectives When experiencing negative mood, people often eat to improve their mood. A learned association between mood and eating may cultivate frequent food cravings, detracting from health goals. Training in mindful eating may target this cycle of emotion-craving-eating by teaching individuals to manage urges when experiencing negative mood. We examined the impact of a mobile mindful eating intervention on the link between negative mood and food cravings among overweight women. Methods In a single-arm trial, participants (n = 64, M age = 46.1 years, M BMI = 31.5 kg/m2) completed ecological momentary assessments of negative mood and food cravings 3 times/day for 3 days pre- and post-intervention, as well as 1-month post-intervention. Using multilevel linear regression, we compared associations between negative mood and food craving strength at pre- vs. post-intervention (model 1) and post-intervention vs. 1-month follow-up (model 2). Results In model 1, negative mood interacted with time point (β = − .20, SE = .09, p = .02, 95% CI [− .38, − .03]) to predict craving strength, indicating that the within-person association between negative mood and craving strength was significantly weaker at post-intervention (β = 0.18) relative to pre-intervention (β = 0.38). In model 2, negative mood did not interact with time point to predict craving strength (β = .13, SE = .09, p = .10, 95% CI − .03, .31]); the association did not significantly differ between post-intervention and 1-month follow-up. Conclusions Training in mindful eating weakened the mood-craving association from pre- to post-intervention. The weakened association remained at follow-up. Our findings highlight the mood-craving link as a target-worthy mechanism of mindful eating that should be assessed in clinical trials. Trial Registration NCT02694731 Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12671-021-01760-z.
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18
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Brittain M, Consedine N, Bagot KL, Booth N, Rodda SN. Sugar Habit Hacker: Initial evidence that a planning intervention reduces sugar intake. J Behav Addict 2021; 10:471-481. [PMID: 34550904 PMCID: PMC8997217 DOI: 10.1556/2006.2021.00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Sugar is a potentially addictive substance that is consumed in such high levels the World Health Organisation has set recommended consumption limits. To date there are no empirically tested brief interventions for reducing sugar consumption in adult populations. The current study aimed to preliminarily assess the feasibility of recruitment, retention, and intervention engagement and impact of a brief intervention. METHODS This pre-post study recruited 128 adults from New Zealand to complete a 30-day internet-delivered intervention with in-person and email coaching. The intervention components were derived from implementation intention principles whereby the gap between intention and behaviour was targeted. Participants selected sugar consumption goals aligned with WHO recommendations by gender. To meet these goals, participants developed action plans and coping plans and engaged in self-monitoring. Facilitation was provided by a coach to maintain retention and treatment adherence over the 30 days. RESULTS Intervention materials were rated as very useful and participants were mostly satisfied with the program. The total median amount of sugar consumed at baseline was 1,662.5 g (396 teaspoons per week) which was reduced to 362.5 g (86 teaspoons) at post-intervention evaluation (d = 0.83). The intervention was associated with large effects on reducing cravings (d = 0.59) and psychological distress (d = 0.68) and increasing situational self-efficacy (d = 0.92) and well-being (d = 0.68) with a reduction in BMI (d = 0.51). CONCLUSION This feasibility study indicates that a brief intervention delivering goal setting, implementation planning, and self-monitoring may assist people to reduce sugar intake to within WHO recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Brittain
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Nathan Consedine
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Kathleen L. Bagot
- Department of Stroke, Public Health and Health Services Research, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Natalia Booth
- School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Simone N. Rodda
- School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand,Corresponding author. Email
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19
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Robles B, Kuo T, Galván A. Understanding the Neuroscience Underpinnings of Obesity and Depression: Implications for Policy Development and Public Health Practice. Front Public Health 2021; 9:714236. [PMID: 34490195 PMCID: PMC8417597 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.714236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Robles
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Tony Kuo
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Family Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Population Health Program, Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Adriana Galván
- Department of Psychology, Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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20
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Ferretti F, Mariani M, Sarti E. Is the development of obesogenic food environments a self-reinforcing process? Evidence from soft drink consumption. Global Health 2021; 17:91. [PMID: 34407853 PMCID: PMC8371432 DOI: 10.1186/s12992-021-00735-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding how the development of obesogenic food environments and the consumption of ultra-processed foods and beverages influence each other can help policymakers to identify effective ways to curb the current obesity epidemic. This paper was designed to investigate whether, and to what extent, the consumption of soft drinks and the prevalence of obesity are linked through feedback effects. METHODS An ecological study design and a simultaneous equation model were used to investigate the existence of a vicious cycle between the consumption of soft drinks and the prevalence of obesity. The analysis was based on a longitudinal dataset covering per capita sales of soft drinks, the age-standardised prevalence rate of obesity and several demographic and socio-economic control variables in a sample of 98 countries worldwide for the period 2005-2019. RESULTS Using a Two-Stage Least Squares (2SLS) regression model with fixed effects, we documented a self-reinforcing process that links consumption and obesity. Changes in the spread of obesity were associated with changes in soft drink consumption: a one-unit increase in the age-adjusted prevalence rate of obesity increased consumption by about 2.39 l per person per year. Similarly, as the consumption of soft drinks rose, so did the prevalence of obesity: the age-adjusted rate of obesity increased by 0.07% for every additional litre consumed per capita. Computing the impact multipliers, we found that the outcome of a one-unit decrease in the average price of soft drinks was twofold: a) the prevalence of obesity increased by around 0.17%; and b) consumption increased by around 2.40 l per person, the sum of the increase directly caused by the price reduction (2 l) and the increase due to the interplay between consumption and obesity (0.4 l). CONCLUSIONS This study has identified a feedback loop between unhealthy habits (i.e. the consumption of soft drinks) and health outcomes (i.e. the prevalence of obesity). This interplay amplifies the impact of any exogenous changes in the determinants of consumption and obesity. These feedback effects should be considered and exploited in planning effective strategies to tackle the burden of obesity and the global epidemic of non-communicable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Ferretti
- School of Social Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy.
- Department of Communication and Economics, Viale Allegri 9, 42121, Reggio Emilia, Italy.
| | - Michele Mariani
- School of Social Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
- Department of Communication and Economics, Viale Allegri 9, 42121, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Elena Sarti
- School of Social Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
- Department of Communication and Economics, Viale Allegri 9, 42121, Reggio Emilia, Italy
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21
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Ker CR, Wu CH, Lee CH, Wang SH, Chan TF. Increased sugar-sweetened beverage use tendency in pregnancy positively associates with peripartum Edinburgh postpartum depression scores. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15324. [PMID: 34321556 PMCID: PMC8319412 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94790-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The association among sugar sweetened beverages (SSB) consumption, addiction and depression in adults, children and adolescents is widely reported. Dieting patterns during pregnancy is complicated by maternal fetal concerns. Specifically, restrained use of SSB might be potentially a source of perinatal distress. The current study modified diagnostic criteria for Substance Use Disorder (SUD) in Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), into SSB-specific questions to assess SSB use tendency. Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scores (EPDS) is used to assess maternal distress during pregnancy. One hundred and ninety-six consecutive pregnant women receiving antenatal care at Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital were invited to participate in this study. In the first trimester, 46.6% of women had none or 1 DSM-5 symptom, 27.0% had 2–3 symptoms, while 26.4% had ≥ 4 symptoms. The mean numbers of DSM-5 symptoms in each trimester were found to be 2.5 ± 2.25, 2.6 ± 2.45, 2.4 ± 2.43 for the first, second and third trimester, respectively, p = 0.750. While EPDS score showed no difference among DSM-5 symptoms 0–1, 2–3 and ≥ 4 groups in the first trimester (8.1 ± 4.59, 8.4 ± 5.00, 8.8 ± 4.82, p = 0.343), women with ≥ 4 DSM-symptoms was found significantly higher EPDS scores than those with < 4 DSM-symptoms in the second (7.2 ± 4.81, 7.7 ± 4.98, 8.8 ± 4.33, p = 0.030) and third trimester (6.8 ± 5.00, 7.2 ± 4.63, 8.7 ± 5.24, p = 0.019). The relationship remained significant after adjusting for covariates including actual SSB amount consumed (adjusted β = 0.25 with 95% confident interval (CI) 0.04–0.45 and 0.21 with 95% CI 0.04–0.38 for the second and third trimesters, respectively). Overall, the study is the first to characterize the positive relationship between SSB use tendency and antenatal distress in pregnancy, independent of actual SSB amount consumed. The observational nature of the study design precludes inferences of its underlying socio-psychomotor mechanisms, although restrained SSB use in pregnancy is suspected to contribute. The novel employment of modified SSB-specific DSM-5 scores and EPDS in this setting is feasible and further validation is promising. With better understanding and awareness, pregnant women with increased SSB use tendency should be properly counseled with special attention to their mental state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Ru Ker
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Tzyou 1st Road, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Hsuan Wu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan. .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, 123 Dapi Road, Niaosong District, Kaohsiung, 833, Taiwan.
| | - Chien-Hung Lee
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Sanmin District, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Han Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Tzyou 1st Road, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Te-Fu Chan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Tzyou 1st Road, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan. .,Center of Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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22
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Sylvetsky AC, Blake EF, Visek AJ, Halberg S, Comstock K, Essel KD, Dietz WH, Sacheck J. Feasibility and acceptability of a randomized controlled trial to investigate withdrawal symptoms in response to caffeinated sugary drink cessation among children. Contemp Clin Trials Commun 2021; 22:100791. [PMID: 34189336 PMCID: PMC8219652 DOI: 10.1016/j.conctc.2021.100791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sugary drinks (SDs) are key contributors to excess added sugar intake and the predominant source of caffeine among children. Chronic caffeine intake causes dependence, and evidence for sugar dependence is emerging. Development of withdrawal symptoms may pose an obstacle to SD cessation among children. We examined the feasibility and acceptability of a three-arm randomized controlled trial (RCT) designed to investigate withdrawal symptoms resulting from replacement of children's usual caffeinated SD intake with either caffeine-free alternatives or caffeine-free and sugar-free alternatives, compared with continued consumption of caffeinated SDs. Methods Twenty-nine children 8–12 years old, who consumed ≥12 ounces caffeinated SDs daily, enrolled. The two-week RCT required three in-person meetings and daily completion of electronic questionnaires to assess withdrawal symptoms and intervention adherence. Children were randomized to replace their usual caffeinated SD consumption with 1) caffeine-free alternatives, 2) caffeine-free and sugar-free alternatives, or 3) caffeinated SDs (control), provided by the study team. Feasibility and acceptability were assessed quantitatively and qualitatively. Results Twenty-eight participants (97%) completed the study. Adherence was high, with 73% reporting compliance with beverage assignments, and 76% completing all questionnaires. In qualitative interviews at follow-up, children described feelings of importance and commitment, and parents did not find the procedures to be overly burdensome. While challenges to adherence were reported (e.g., child wanting other SDs, time commitment), participants described innovative strategies (e.g., designating a place for study drinks in the refrigerator) to maintain adherence. Conclusion Results indicated high levels of RCT feasibility and acceptability. The reported barriers and strategies for adherence will inform modifications required to design a larger and longer-term trial investigating withdrawal symptoms after SD cessation in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison C Sylvetsky
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, 950 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Suite 200, Washington, DC, 20052, USA.,Sumner M. Redstone Global Center for Prevention and Wellness, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, 950 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Suite 300, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Emily F Blake
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, 950 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Suite 200, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Amanda J Visek
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, 950 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Suite 200, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Sabrina Halberg
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, 950 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Suite 200, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Kathryn Comstock
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, 950 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Suite 200, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Kofi D Essel
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, 2300 I Street NW, Washington, DC, 20052, USA.,Division of General & Community Pediatrics, Children's National Hospital, 111 Michigan Avenue NW, Washington, DC, 20010, USA
| | - William H Dietz
- Sumner M. Redstone Global Center for Prevention and Wellness, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, 950 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Suite 300, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Jennifer Sacheck
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, 950 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Suite 200, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
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Choeda T, Jeyashree K, Kathirvel S, Dorji T, Dorjee K, Tenzin K, Thinley S, Tenzin T, Gurung MS. Dietary behavior of school-going adolescents in Bhutan: Findings from the global school-based student health survey in 2016. Nutrition 2021; 90:111290. [PMID: 34111832 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2021.111290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Bhutan is experiencing a dual burden of undernutrition and overnutrition among adolescents. Understanding dietary behavior is vital to designing evidence-based interventions to improve adolescent nutrition and prevent non-communicable diseases in adults. The aim of this study was to assess the pattern of dietary behavior and associated sociodemographic, behavioral, and metabolic risk factors among school-going adolescents in Bhutan. METHODS The Bhutan Global School-based Student Health Survey 2016 studied students in grades 7 to 11 (N = 7576), sampled from 50 schools, randomly selected based on probability proportional to enrollment size, using a standardized self-administered questionnaire. Consumption of adequate fruits and vegetables (each at least twice daily, or a combination of at least five times daily), high-protein food at least twice weekly) in the past 30 d, no fast food in the past week, and no carbonated/sweetened drinks in the past 30 d were studied. Weighted prevalence of dietary behaviors and adjusted prevalence ratio (95% confidence interval) for factors associated with them were calculated. RESULTS Of 5809 students from 13 to 17 y of age comprising 3255 (56%) girls and 3184 (54.8%) day students, 1166 (20.1%) were underweight, 1655 (28.5%) were tobacco users, and 1349 (23.2%) were alcohol users. Adequate fruit and vegetable intake, high protein consumption, not consuming fast foods and carbonated beverages were reported by 29.6%, 31.8%, 9.6%, and 14.9%, respectively. Being a day student, sex, and not reporting health risk behaviors were significantly associated with any healthy dietary behavior. CONCLUSION Healthy eating behavior was low among Bhutanese adolescents. Policies influencing availability, affordability, and acceptability of healthy diets through peer-led, school- and community-based interventions are required to promote adolescent health and prevent non-communicable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tshering Choeda
- Faculty of Postgraduate Medicine, Khesar Gyalpo University of Medical Sciences of Bhutan, Thimphu, Bhutan.
| | | | - Soundappan Kathirvel
- Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Thinley Dorji
- Kidu Medical Unit, His Majesty's People's Project, Thimphu, Bhutan; Jigme Dorji Wangchuck National Referral Hospital, Ministry of Health, Thimphu, Bhutan
| | - Kinley Dorjee
- Policy and Planning Division, Ministry of Health, Thimphu, Bhutan
| | - Karma Tenzin
- Faculty of Postgraduate Medicine, Khesar Gyalpo University of Medical Sciences of Bhutan, Thimphu, Bhutan
| | | | - Tashi Tenzin
- Faculty of Postgraduate Medicine, Khesar Gyalpo University of Medical Sciences of Bhutan, Thimphu, Bhutan; Jigme Dorji Wangchuck National Referral Hospital, Ministry of Health, Thimphu, Bhutan
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24
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Optimisation of natural sweeteners for sugar reduction in chocolate flavoured milk and their impact on sensory attributes. Int Dairy J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2020.104922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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25
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Mason AE, Schmidt L, Ishkanian L, Jacobs LM, Leung C, Jensen L, Cohn MA, Schleicher S, Hartman AR, Wojcicki JM, Lustig RH, Epel ES. A Brief Motivational Intervention Differentially Reduces Sugar-sweetened Beverage (SSB) Consumption. Ann Behav Med 2021; 55:1116-1129. [PMID: 33778854 PMCID: PMC8557363 DOI: 10.1093/abm/kaaa123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Environmental and behavioral interventions hold promise to reduce sugar-sweetened beverage (SSBs) consumption. Purpose To test, among frequent SSB consumers, whether motivations to consume SSBs moderated the effects of (a) a workplace SSB sales ban (environmental intervention) alone, and (b) a “brief motivational intervention” (BI) in addition to the sales ban, on changes in SSB consumption. Methods We assessed whether (1) baseline motivations to consume SSBs (craving, psychological stress, or taste enjoyment) impacted changes in daily SSB consumption at 6-month follow-up among frequent (>12oz of SSBs/day) SSB consumers (N = 214); (2) participants randomized to the BI (n = 109) versus to the sales ban only (n = 105) reported greater reductions in SSB consumption at follow-up; and (3) motivations to consume SSBs moderated any changes in SSB consumption. Results In response to the sales ban alone, individuals with stronger SSB cravings (+1 SD) at baseline showed significantly smaller reductions in daily SSB consumption at 6-month follow-up relative to individuals with weaker (−1 SD) SSB cravings (2.5 oz vs. 22.5 oz), p < .01. Receiving the BI significantly increased reductions for those with stronger SSB cravings: Among individuals with stronger cravings, those who received the BI evidenced significantly greater reductions in daily SSB consumption [M(SE) = −19.2 (2.74) oz] than those who did not [M(SE) = −2.5 (2.3) oz, p < .001], a difference of 16.72 oz. Conclusions Frequent SSB consumers with stronger SSB cravings report minimal reductions in daily SSB consumption with a sales ban only, but report greater reductions if they also receive a motivational intervention. Future multilevel interventions for institutions should consider both environmental and individualized multi-level interventions. Clinical Trial information NCT02585336.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley E Mason
- Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, UCSF, San Francisco, USA
| | - Laura Schmidt
- Phillip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, UCSF, San Francisco, USA
| | - Laura Ishkanian
- Campus Life Services, UCSF Wellness Program, UCSF, San Francisco, USA
| | - Laurie M Jacobs
- Phillip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, UCSF, San Francisco, USA
| | - Cindy Leung
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Leeane Jensen
- Campus Life Services, UCSF Wellness Program, UCSF, San Francisco, USA
| | - Michael A Cohn
- Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, USA
| | | | - Alison R Hartman
- Department of Psychology, College of Arts & Sciences, Drexel University, Philadelphia, USA
| | | | - Robert H Lustig
- Phillip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, UCSF, San Francisco, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, UCSF, San Francisco, USA
| | - Elissa S Epel
- Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, UCSF, San Francisco, USA.,Phillip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, UCSF, San Francisco, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Center for Health and Community, UCSF, San Francisco, USA
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26
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Halberg SE, Visek AJ, Blake EF, Essel KD, Sacheck J, Sylvetsky AC. SODA MAPS: A Framework for Understanding Caffeinated Sugary Drink Consumption Among Children. Front Nutr 2021; 8:640531. [PMID: 33777993 PMCID: PMC7988216 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.640531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Excess sugary drink (SD) consumption is associated with childhood obesity and development of cardiometabolic disease. In addition to having high added sugar content, many SDs also contain caffeine, which may further encourage excess SD consumption among children. The objective of this study was to develop a conceptual framework of children's caffeinated SD consumption using group concept mapping, an applied social research multimethodology that collectively harnesses qualitative and quantitative data from participants to generate a visual representation of their ideas and input. Children, 8–14 years old, who reported consuming ≥12 ounces of caffeinated SDs (e.g., sodas, sweet teas) per day were recruited throughout Washington, D.C. and invited to participate. Concept mapping included three participant-driven activities: (1) brainstorming (n = 51), during which children reported reasons for their SD consumption, from which 58 unique reasons were identified; (2) sorting (n = 70), during which children sorted each of the reported reasons into categories and named each category; and (3) rating (n = 74), during which children rated the influence of each reason on their own caffeinated SD consumption. Similarity matrices, multidimensional scaling, and hierarchical cluster analysis were used to generate concept maps (hereafter “SODA MAPS”), which display the 58 reasons organized within eight overarching clusters. Among these eight clusters, Taste and Feel, Something to Do, and Energy were rated as particularly influential. Children's caffeinated SD consumption is encouraged not only by the palatable taste and reported preferences for these beverages (e.g., Taste and Feel), but also by psychological (e.g., Mood and Focus), biological (e.g., Energy), social (e.g., Something to Do) and environmental reasons (e.g., Nothing Better Available). Thus, the SODA MAPS can inform the development of tailored, multi-level SD reduction interventions that incorporate strategies to address important and currently overlooked reasons for caffeinated SD consumption among children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina E Halberg
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Amanda J Visek
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Emily F Blake
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States.,Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Kofi D Essel
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States.,Division of General and Community Pediatrics, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Jennifer Sacheck
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Allison C Sylvetsky
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
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27
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Voegtle E, Dombret S, Bonabi A, Friederich HC, Brockmeyer T. Approach avoidance training to curb consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages - A pilot randomized controlled trial in healthy volunteers. Appetite 2021; 162:105194. [PMID: 33705891 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Elevated consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) contributes to overweight and obesity. Automatic action tendencies like an approach bias might promote the consumption of SSBs. We investigated whether an Approach-Avoidance Training (AAT) reduces this approach bias and related behaviors like craving for and consumption of SSBs. Fifty-six healthy participants, with a self-reported SSB consumption of at least 330 ml per day, were randomized to 6 sessions of real or sham AAT. In the real AAT condition, participants were trained to react with avoidance movements to pictures of SSBs in an implicit learning paradigm (i.e. participants were instructed to respond to a task-irrelevant feature), whereas in the sham AAT condition the same pictures were used but no systematic (avoidance) reaction was trained. Approach bias, craving for SSB and SSB intake in a bogus taste test were assessed. Real AAT was not superior to sham AAT in any outcome measure. AAT in its current form and as a stand-alone intervention does not appear to be effective in reducing SSB consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Voegtle
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Sophia Dombret
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Anahita Bonabi
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Hans-Christoph Friederich
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany; Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Timo Brockmeyer
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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28
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Stoica RA, Diaconu CC, Rizzo M, Toth PP, Stefan SD, Serafinceanu C, Nikolic D, Poiana C, Ionescu-Tirgoviste C, Pantea-Stoian A. Weight loss programmes using low carbohydrate diets to control the cardiovascular risk in adolescents (Review). Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:90. [PMID: 33363601 PMCID: PMC7725014 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular risk (CVR) is a broad term that includes traditional factors like hypertension, hyper lipidemia, abdominal obesity, hyperinsulinemia or overt type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and emerging ones such as hypothyroidism or inflammatory diseases. In epidemiologic studies, all of these factors are associated with atherogenesis and have complex interactions between them. They have in common an increased prevalence in the general population beginning in childhood, and are correlated with endothelial damage as demonstrated by echocardiographic modifications of the left ventricle or carotid intima-media thickness. Adolescence is a transition period where behavioural eating patterns develop and have a major impact on cardiovascular risk. To address these patterns, weight-loss programmes under medical supervision for overweight and obese adolescents are developed. It was observed that those who control the quality and quantity of their carbohydrates, by consuming more fruits and vegetables, associated with increased physical activity reduce their CVR. Some limited studies have shown that low carbohydrate diet (LCD) is safe and effective, but one should take into consideration the limited duration and the structure of the LCD. If there is a proper adherence to this type of nutritional intervention, it results in weight loss, improvement in insulin resistance, lipid profile and subclinical hypothyroidism reversal. We reviewed the literature starting from 2009 by searching all the observational, randomised clinical trials and meta-analyses on MEDLINE and SCOPUS databases regarding obesity and related metabolic diseases (dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, hypothyroidism, LCD) in adolescents and synthesized the nutritional interventions for this population that could decrease CVR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxana Adriana Stoica
- Department of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020475 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Camelia Cristina Diaconu
- Department of Internal Medicine, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 014461 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Manfredi Rizzo
- Biomedical Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Palermo, I-90139 Palermo, Italy
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, Romania
| | - Peter P. Toth
- Ciccarone' Center for The Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205-2196, USA
| | - Simona Diana Stefan
- Department of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020475 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristian Serafinceanu
- Department of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020475 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dragana Nikolic
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, I-90127 Palermo, Italy
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), I-90139 Palermo, Italy
| | - Catalina Poiana
- Department of Endocrinology, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 011863 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Constantin Ionescu-Tirgoviste
- Department of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020475 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Medical Sciences, Romanian Academy, 050711 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Anca Pantea-Stoian
- Department of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020475 Bucharest, Romania
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29
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Falbe J. The ethics of excise taxes on sugar-sweetened beverages. Physiol Behav 2020; 225:113105. [PMID: 32712210 PMCID: PMC7377978 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.113105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) taxation has emerged as a priority policy for promoting health and funding investments in communities most affected by diet-related disease. There are now 8 U.S. jurisdictions and over 40 countries that have implemented SSB taxes. Evaluations show that these policies reduce SSB consumption and purchasing while raising revenues to fund public health, education, and equity. However, there have been few analyses of the ethical considerations of SSB taxation. Using a framework for evaluating the ethics of public health interventions, this paper considers the ethical aspects of SSB excise taxes with respect to: physical health, psychosocial well-being, equality, informed choice, liberty, social and cultural values, and responsibility. Available evidence suggests there is a strong ethical case for levying SSB excise taxes on manufacturers and distributors. SSB excise taxes reduce consumption and purchasing of SSBs and are expected to meaningfully reduce obesity and diet-related morbidity and mortality. Because SSB taxes are specific to a product and its manufacturers, they are unlikely to harm psychosocial health by stigmatizing people who are overweight. SSB excise taxes should lead to greater equality because the health and social benefits are progressive (i.e., low-income individuals are likely to accrue the largest benefits from the tax, even more so when revenues are spent on health and social equity). Meanwhile, the average consumer cost burden that would result if distributors raise SSB prices in reponse to the tax is minimally regressive. Regarding liberty, SSB taxes do not eliminate the option of buying SSBs, but if SSB distributors raise SSB prices, it becomes somewhat more expensive to continue purchasing the same amount of SSBs. Meanwhile, the taxes expand beverage options by funding drinking water availability and prompting industry to expand offerings of unsweetened drinks and SSBs containing less sugar. Furthermore, by averting poor health, SSB taxes should expand overall freedom to pursue one's goals. Informed choice could be facilitated by seeing a higher SSB shelf price (which indicates a drink contains added sugar) and exposure to nutrition education funded with tax revenues. SSB taxation is unlikely to negatively interfere with social or cultural values because taxation would not eliminate having SSBs for special occasions, and SSBs are not a staple of traditional diets. Lastly, SSB taxation attributes responsibility for health in a manner that reflects industry's contribution to obesity and the multisectoral solutions that are needed to prevent diet-related disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Falbe
- Human Development and Family Studies Program, Department of Human Ecology, UC Davis. 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA, 95616, United States.
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30
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Sylvetsky AC, Visek AJ, Halberg S, Rhee DK, Ongaro Z, Essel KD, Dietz WH, Sacheck J. Beyond taste and easy access: Physical, cognitive, interpersonal, and emotional reasons for sugary drink consumption among children and adolescents. Appetite 2020; 155:104826. [PMID: 32800838 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2020.104826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Consumption of sugary drinks is associated with the development of obesity and cardiometabolic diseases among children and adolescents. In addition to high added sugar content, many sugary drinks also contain caffeine. However, whether the combination of sugar and caffeine uniquely influences children's sugary drink intake is presently unknown. This study aimed to evaluate contextual factors surrounding children's sugary drink consumption and investigate reasons for sugary drink intake among children and adolescents, with a specific focus on caffeinated sodas and sweet tea. We also evaluated how sugary drink consumption makes children feel and how they anticipated that they would respond if sugary drinks were restricted. Focus group discussions (n = 9, 2-8 participants per group) were conducted with 37 predominantly AfricanAmerican children and adolescents, ages 8-14 years, who consumed ≥1 caffeine-containing sugary drink(s) daily, based on parental report. Focus groups were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Transcripts were independently coded by two coders, after which emergent themes were identified. Reported reasons for sugary drink consumption encompassed five themes: 1) perceived need (e.g., satisfy cravings, quench thirst); 2) physical and cognitive benefits (e.g., provide energy, improve attention); 3) emotional and interpersonal benefits (e.g., relieve anger, facilitate socializing); 4) sensory properties (e.g., taste, carbonation); and, 5) external cues (e.g., family/peer modeling, availability). Negative consequences resulting from excess intake were also reported, including gastrointestinal symptoms, headaches, fatigue, hyperactivity, and chronic disease. Perceived physical, cognitive, emotional, and interpersonal benefits encourage sugary drink consumption and exacerbate well-described challenges of sugary drink reduction, including their palatability, accessibility, and affordability. Findings also suggest that incorporation of strategies to enhance physical, cognitive, and emotional health may hold promise in reducing sugary drink consumption among children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison C Sylvetsky
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, 950 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Suite 200, Washington, DC, 20052, USA; Sumner M. Redstone Global Center for Prevention and Wellness, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University 950 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Suite 300, Washington, DC, 20052, USA.
| | - Amanda J Visek
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, 950 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Suite 200, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Sabrina Halberg
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, 950 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Suite 200, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Dong Keun Rhee
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, 950 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Suite 200, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Zoe Ongaro
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, 950 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Suite 200, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Kofi D Essel
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, 2300 I Street NW, Washington, DC, 20052, USA; Division of General & Community Pediatrics, Children's National Hospital, 111 Michigan Avenue NW, Washington, DC, 20010, USA
| | - William H Dietz
- Sumner M. Redstone Global Center for Prevention and Wellness, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University 950 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Suite 300, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Jennifer Sacheck
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, 950 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Suite 200, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
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31
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Cummings JR, Gearhardt AN. Prospective associations between parental substance use and youth highly processed food intake in the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study. Drug Alcohol Depend 2020; 211:107965. [PMID: 32361368 PMCID: PMC7233374 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.107965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given growing evidence of overlap in characteristics of addictive substances and highly processed foods (e.g., ice cream), transdiagnostic approaches may be appropriate. Prior work indicates youth with parents who use addictive substances are at risk for greater substance use. The current study tested hypotheses that parental substance use behaviors would prospectively predict greater youth highly processed food intake [but not minimally processed food intake (e.g., fruit)]. METHODS The Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study was a longitudinal birth cohort study of youth (N = 4,898) born in large U.S. cities in 1998-2000. The current study was an archival data analysis using parental substance use data collected at youth birth and when youth were age 3, and youth diet data collected when youth were ages 5, 9, and 15. RESULTS Over and above the influence of covariates including family income, prenatal maternal illicit drug use significantly predicted 0.34, 0.23, and 1.32 servings increase in youth sugary food/beverage intake at ages 5, 9, and 15, respectively, and 0.25 servings increase in youth snack foods or chips intake at age 9. Prenatal maternal illicit drug use did not significantly predict youth fruit and vegetable intake at any age. Less consistent and weaker significant prospective associations emerged between postnatal maternal substance use and youth diet, and between paternal substance use and youth diet. CONCLUSIONS Prenatal exposure to illicit drugs may present transdiagnostic risk for greater youth highly processed food intake and substance use. Future causal and mechanistic research is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna R Cummings
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, 530 Church St., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States; Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, 300 North Ingalls Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States.
| | - Ashley N Gearhardt
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, 530 Church St., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States
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Overconsumption of sugar-sweetened beverages: Why is it difficult to control? JOURNAL OF POPULATION THERAPEUTICS AND CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 27:e51-e57. [PMID: 32469485 DOI: 10.15586/jptcp.v27i2.678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages is a known contributory factor of childhood obesity that is documented around the globe. More importantly, reducing the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages could reduce weight gain among overweight or obese children. Although sugar is present in many natural foods, artificial sugar is added into sugar-sweetened beverages, which has little or no nutritional value. However, the calories obtained from the sugar-sweetened beverages are linked to overweight and obesity, and an increase serving sizes of sugar-sweetened beverages over the years partly contributed to the alarming rise of childhood obesity around the globe. The sugar-sweetened beverages not only contain a high amount of sugar, but also contain a high amount of phosphate, and the possibility exists for an enhancing dual adverse health effects of sugar and phosphate. Increasing health awareness and limiting marketing approaches targeted towards the younger population are essential to reduce long-term health burdens that are linked to the overconsumption of sugar-sweetened beverages.
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A narrative review of the effects of sugar-sweetened beverages on human health: A key global health issue. JOURNAL OF POPULATION THERAPEUTICS AND CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 27:e76-e103. [PMID: 32170920 DOI: 10.15586/jptcp.v27i1.666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The provision of healthy and safe food is vital for human health, and the addition of unnecessary sugars in foodstuffs is an important global issue, leading to multiple long- and short-term health issues and spiraling costs for individuals and governments alike. The negative effect of excess sugar consumption contributes to adverse health conditions, including obesity, type 2 diabetes, and poor oral health in both high and low resource settings. A key plank of governmental and health promotion bodies' nutritional guidance is to raise public awareness of "hidden" sugars, salt, and fats, such as found in processed foods and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), and guide individuals to reduce their consumption. This rapid narrative review brings together some of the key issues identified in the literature around the consumption of SSBs, including patterns of consumption, the general impact on human health and nutrition, specific effects on oral health and the oral microbiome, and strategies to address over-consumption. The range of long-term adverse effects on health is often misunderstood or unknown by the public. However, some strategies have succeeded in reducing the consumption of SSBs, including public health strategies and interventions and the imposition of taxes or levies, and this article makes recommendations for action.
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Cummings JR, Joyner MA, Gearhardt AN. Development and preliminary validation of the Anticipated Effects of Food Scale. PSYCHOLOGY OF ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS 2020; 34:403-413. [PMID: 31829666 PMCID: PMC7064385 DOI: 10.1037/adb0000544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Expectancy theory has been widely applied in substance use research but has received less attention in eating behavior research. Measuring food expectancies, or the anticipated outcomes of eating specific foods, holds theoretical and practical promise for investigations into nonhomeostatic eating behavior. The current study developed and assessed the psychometric properties of a novel measure of positively and negatively valenced highly (e.g., sweets, salty snacks, fast foods, sugary drinks) and minimally (e.g., fruits, vegetables) processed food expectancies. The Anticipated Effects of Food Scale (AEFS) was adapted from a self-report of alcohol expectancies, piloted for item generation/retention and readability, and preliminarily validated in an adult sample (N = 247; Mage = 36.84; 53.3% male; 74.5% White). Consistent with the substance expectancies literature, AEFS positive highly processed food expectancies were associated with greater added sugars intake, r = .17, p = .009, and food addiction symptoms, r = .56, p < .001. Of note, AEFS negative minimally processed food expectancies were robustly associated with food addiction symptoms, r = .81, p < .001, and, together with AEFS positive highly processed food expectancies, explained 67% of the variance in food addiction symptoms. Furthermore, AEFS food expectancies demonstrated incremental validity with food addiction symptoms above and beyond general eating expectancies. The AEFS seems to be a psychometrically sound measure and can be used to investigate cognitive-affective mechanisms implicated in highly processed food intake and food addiction. Moreover, the present results provide new insight into potential food expectancy challenge intervention approaches for preventing nonhomeostatic eating behavior. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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Sharma A, Jain M, Nahar VK, Sharma M. Determining predictors of change in sugar sweetened beverage consumption behaviour among university students in India. Int J Adolesc Med Health 2020; 34:ijamh-2019-0078. [PMID: 31981451 DOI: 10.1515/ijamh-2019-0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Background Consumption of sugar sweetened beverages (SSBs) is a significant risk behaviour that leads to the development of several chronic diseases. The present study aimed to predict the SSB consumption behaviour among Indian university students by utilising a multi theory model (MTM) of health behaviour change. Methods In a cross-sectional design, a validated 37-item self-report questionnaire was administered to 267 participants from a mid-size university in the National Capital Region (NCR) of India. Stepwise multiple regressions were used to determine predictors of change in initiation and sustenance of SSB consumption behaviour. For stepwise multiple regression, the a priori criteria of probability of F to enter the predictor in the model was set as less than or equal to 0.05 and for removing the predictor as greater than or equal to 0.10. Results The model was able to predict 16.7% variance in behavioural initiation through the constructs of participatory dialogue and behavioural confidence, and 30.2% variance in sustenance through emotional transformation and change in social environment. Participatory dialogue and behavioural confidence were predictors of behaviour initiation; and emotional transformation, and change in social environment were predictors of behaviour sustenance for SSB consumption behaviour change. Conclusion The study provided a pathway for design of interventions for SSB intake reduction in Indian university students. Interventions should be designed using participatory dialogue and behavioural confidence initiation, and emotional transformation and change in social environment for sustenance of change in SSB consumption in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankur Sharma
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Manav Rachna Dental College, Faridabad, India
| | - Meena Jain
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Manav Rachna Dental College, Delhi-Surajkund Road, Faridabad, India, Phone: +91 74286 72266
| | - Vinayak K Nahar
- School of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, University of Mississippi Medical Center Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America.,School of Medicine/John D. Bower School of Population Health,, Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Mississippi, United States of America
| | - Manoj Sharma
- Behavioral and Environmental Health, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, USA
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Cummings JR, Lumeng JC, Miller AL, Hyde LW, Siada R, Gearhardt AN. Parental substance use and child reward-driven eating behaviors. Appetite 2020; 144:104486. [PMID: 31605723 PMCID: PMC6890229 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2019.104486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Family history of substance use is a well-established risk factor for greater substance use in adolescence and adulthood. The biological vulnerability hypothesis proposes that family history of substance use might also confer risk for obesogenic eating behavior because of similar rewarding characteristics between substances and certain foods (e.g., processed foods high in refined carbohydrates and fat). Indeed, preliminary research shows that family history of substance use is linked with sweet liking and obesity in adults; however, it is unknown whether this factor is linked to eating behavior earlier in development. The present study (n = 52) tested the association of severity of parental nicotine dependence and alcohol use (drinking frequency, drinking quantity, binge drinking, and number of annual drinks consumed) with two types of child [Mage = 10.18 (0.83) years] eating behavior: homeostatic eatingbehavior, or eating regulated by internal satiety cues, and reward-driven eatingbehavior, or eating motivated by pleasure. Results indicated that-over and above the influence of child age, child biological sex, and family income-more severe parental nicotine dependence and frequent and/or heavy, frequent parental alcohol use were associated with significantly greater child reward-driven eating behaviors as indexed by the Food Responsiveness and Enjoyment of Food subscales on the Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire. Parental substance use was not associated with child homeostatic eating behavior as indexed by the Satiety Responsiveness subscale. Family history of substance use may be an important transdiagnostic risk factor that identifies children at risk for obesogenic, reward-driven eating behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna R Cummings
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, 530 Church St., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, 300 North Ingalls Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Julie C Lumeng
- Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, 300 North Ingalls Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Alison L Miller
- Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, 300 North Ingalls Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Luke W Hyde
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, 530 Church St., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, 300 North Ingalls Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Ruby Siada
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, 530 Church St., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Ashley N Gearhardt
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, 530 Church St., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, 300 North Ingalls Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Sylvetsky AC, Parnarouskis L, Merkel PE, Gearhardt AN. Children's Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Consumption: Striking Parallels With Substance Use Disorder Symptoms. Front Pediatr 2020; 8:594513. [PMID: 33282802 PMCID: PMC7689136 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2020.594513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Allison C Sylvetsky
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | | | - Patrick E Merkel
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Ashley N Gearhardt
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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Cummings JR, Gearhardt AN, Miller AL, Hyde LW, Lumeng JC. Maternal nicotine dependence is associated with longitudinal increases in child obesogenic eating behaviors. Pediatr Obes 2019; 14:e12541. [PMID: 31184441 PMCID: PMC6812585 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Meta-analysis shows that parental cigarette smoking is associated with child obesity. OBJECTIVES This study tested for associations between severity of maternal nicotine dependence and longitudinal changes in child eating behavior in archival data analysis. METHODS Maternal nicotine dependence was assessed with the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence. Child eating behavior was assessed with the Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire when children were ages 4, 6, 8, and 10. RESULTS Over and above the influence of child age, child biological sex, and family income-to-needs ratio, more severe maternal nicotine dependence was associated with greater increases in child Food Responsiveness (γ = 0.07, SEγ = 0.03, P = .014, 95% CI [0.01, 0.13]) and Emotional Overeating (γ = 0.06, SEγ = 0.03, P = .024, 95% CI [0.01, 0.11]) across 6 years. CONCLUSIONS Maternal nicotine dependence may be a transdiagnostic risk factor that identifies children at risk for reward-driven, obesogenic eating behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna R. Cummings
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, 530 Church St., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States,Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, 300 North Ingalls Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Ashley N. Gearhardt
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, 530 Church St., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States,Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, 300 North Ingalls Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Alison L. Miller
- Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, 300 North Ingalls Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States,School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Luke W. Hyde
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, 530 Church St., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States,Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, 300 North Ingalls Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Julie C. Lumeng
- Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, 300 North Ingalls Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States,Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
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Fahrenkamp AJ, Darling KE, Ruzicka EB, Sato AF. Food Cravings and Eating: The Role of Experiential Avoidance. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E1181. [PMID: 30986941 PMCID: PMC6479752 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16071181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Food cravings have been associated with problematic eating behaviors, such as emotional eating. Late adolescence is an important developmental period to examine this association, as late adolescents have greater independence in food choices as well as potentially higher demands during a transitional period of their lives. Mechanisms underlying the association between food cravings and problematic eating remain unclear. This study examined whether experiential avoidance (EA) may be one possible mechanism mediating the association between higher levels of food cravings and problematic eating behaviors. Late adolescents (n = 174) completed measures assessing EA, food cravings, and three problematic eating behaviors: emotional eating, cognitive restraint, and uncontrolled eating. Height and weight were measured objectively to calculate body mass index (BMI). Food cravings were positively associated with emotional eating and mediated by EA. EA also significantly mediated the association between greater cognitive restraint and greater food cravings. No significant mediation was detected for food cravings and uncontrolled eating. Future research may consider EA as a treatment target in intervention strategies for late adolescents seeking to decrease emotional or restrained eating behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katherine E Darling
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44224, USA.
| | - Elizabeth B Ruzicka
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44224, USA.
| | - Amy F Sato
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44224, USA.
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