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Luzardo ML. Effects of higher dietary acid load: a narrative review with special emphasis in children. Pediatr Nephrol 2024:10.1007/s00467-024-06466-7. [PMID: 39093454 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-024-06466-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic effects of high diet acid load (DAL) have been studied for years in adults, although only recently in children. Contemporary diets, especially those of Western societies, owe their acidogenic effect to high animal-origin protein content and low contribution of base-forming elements, such as fruits and vegetables. This imbalance, where dietary acid precursors exceed the body's buffering capacity, results in an acid-retaining state known by terms such as "eubicarbonatemic metabolic acidosis," "low-grade metabolic acidosis," "subclinical acidosis," or "acid stress". Its consequences have been linked to chronic systemic inflammation, contributing to various noncommunicable diseases traditionally considered more common in adulthood, but now have been recognized to originate at much earlier ages. In children, effects of high DAL are not limited to growth impairment caused by alterations of bone and muscle metabolism, but also represent a risk factor for conditions such as obesity, insulin resistance, diabetes, hypertension, urolithiasis, and chronic kidney disease (CKD). The possibility that high DAL may be a cause of chronic acid-retaining states in children with growth impairment should alert pediatricians and pediatric nephrologists, since its causes have been attributed traditionally to inborn errors of metabolism and renal pathologies such as CKD and renal tubular acidosis. The interplay between DAL, overall diet quality, and its cascading effects on children's health necessitates comprehensive nutritional assessments and interventions. This narrative review explores the clinical relevance of diet-induced acid retention in children and highlights the potential for prevention through dietary modifications, particularly by increasing fruit and vegetable intake alongside appropriate protein consumption.
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Elkhamary A, Gerner I, Bileck A, Oreff GL, Gerner C, Jenner F. Comparative proteomic profiling of the ovine and human PBMC inflammatory response. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14939. [PMID: 38942936 PMCID: PMC11213919 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66059-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms of inflammation requires robust animal models. Sheep are commonly used in immune-related studies, yet the validity of sheep as animal models for immune and inflammatory diseases remains to be established. This cross-species comparative study analyzed the in vitro inflammatory response of ovine (oPBMCs) and human PBMCs (hPBMCs) using mass spectrometry, profiling the proteome of the secretome and whole cell lysate. Of the entire cell lysate proteome (oPBMCs: 4217, hPBMCs: 4574 proteins) 47.8% and in the secretome proteome (oPBMCs: 1913, hPBMCs: 1375 proteins) 32.8% were orthologous between species, among them 32 orthologous CD antigens, indicating the presence of six immune cell subsets. Following inflammatory stimulation, 71 proteins in oPBMCs and 176 in hPBMCs showed differential abundance, with only 7 overlapping. Network and Gene Ontology analyses identified 16 shared inflammatory-related terms and 17 canonical pathways with similar activation/inhibition patterns in both species, demonstrating significant conservation in specific immune and inflammatory responses. However, ovine PMBCs also contained a unique WC1+γδ T-cell subset, not detected in hPBMCs. Furthermore, differences in the activation/inhibition trends of seven canonical pathways and the sets of DAPs between sheep and humans, emphasize the need to consider interspecies differences in translational studies and inflammation research.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Elkhamary
- Department for Companion Animals and Horses, Veterm, University Equine Hospital, Vetmeduni Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department for Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - I Gerner
- Department for Companion Animals and Horses, Veterm, University Equine Hospital, Vetmeduni Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - A Bileck
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - G L Oreff
- Department for Companion Animals and Horses, Veterm, University Equine Hospital, Vetmeduni Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - C Gerner
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - F Jenner
- Department for Companion Animals and Horses, Veterm, University Equine Hospital, Vetmeduni Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria.
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Mengelkoch S, Slavich GM. Sex Differences in Stress Susceptibility as a Key Mechanism Underlying Depression Risk. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2024; 26:157-165. [PMID: 38470558 PMCID: PMC10978685 DOI: 10.1007/s11920-024-01490-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Although females are at relatively greater risk for a variety of disorders, including depression, the biological mechanisms underlying this striking health disparity remain unclear. To address this issue, we highlight sex differences in stress susceptibility as a key mechanism potentially driving this effect and describe the interacting inflammatory, hormonal, epigenomic, and social-environmental mechanisms involved. RECENT FINDINGS Using the Social Signal Transduction Theory of Depression as a theoretical framework, women's elevated risk for depression may stem from a tight link between life stress, inflammation, and depression in women. Further, research finds hormonal contraceptive use alters cortisol and inflammatory reactivity to acute stress in ways that may increase depression risk in females. Finally, beyond established epigenetic mechanisms, mothers may transfer risk for depression to their female offspring through stressful family environments, which influence stress generation and stress-related gene expression. Together, these findings provide initial, biologically plausible clues that may help explain the relatively greater risk for depression in females vs. males. Looking forward, much more research is needed to address the longstanding underrepresentation of females in biomedical research on the biology of stress and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Summer Mengelkoch
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - George M Slavich
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Shields GS, Vinograd M, Bui T, Sichko S, Irwin MR, Slavich GM. Heightened neural activity and functional connectivity responses to social rejection in female adolescents at risk for depression: Testing the Social Signal Transduction Theory of Depression. J Affect Disord 2024; 345:467-476. [PMID: 37852590 PMCID: PMC11121539 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.10.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although social rejection is among the strongest proximal precipitants of major depressive disorder (MDD), little is known about the underlying neurobiological mechanisms and whether neural sensitivity to social rejection may help explain differences in MDD risk. To address this issue, we tested whether neural responses to social threat differed in female adolescents at high vs. low maternal risk for MDD. METHOD Female adolescents with (high-risk; n = 22, Mage = 14.68) and without (low-risk; n = 30, Mage = 15.07) a maternal history of depression were experimentally exposed to negative and neutral social evaluation while undergoing an fMRI scan. Neural responses were assessed by event-related activity and functional connectivity, as well as multivoxel pattern analysis. Activity and functional connectivity analyses focused on a priori-selected regions of interest implicated in self-referential processing and emotion regulation. RESULTS Compared to low-risk female adolescents, high-risk female adolescents exhibited greater increases in self-reported depression and social disconnection following social evaluation. Moreover, compared to low-risk female adolescents, high-risk female adolescents exhibited greater amygdala responses to negative social evaluation and a differential pattern of functional connectivity in brain regions related to emotion regulation, self-referential processing, and negative affect. Additionally, these markers of neural threat reactivity were related to depressive symptoms. LIMITATIONS A cross-sectional study design and relatively small, Western sample. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that exaggerated neural reactivity to social threat-and an atypical pattern of related functional connectivity-is evident in individuals with a preclinical risk factor for depression. Targeting such responding may thus be a fruitful strategy for preventing depression in at-risk youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant S Shields
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Meghan Vinograd
- Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, VA San Diego Healthcare System, Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Theresa Bui
- Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Stassja Sichko
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael R Irwin
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - George M Slavich
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Laubacher C, Kral TRA, Imhoff-Smith T, Klaus DR, Goldman RI, Sachs J, Davidson RJ, Busse WW, Rosenkranz MA. Resting state functional connectivity changes following mindfulness-based stress reduction predict improvements in disease control for patients with asthma. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 115:480-493. [PMID: 37924961 PMCID: PMC10842225 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The staggering morbidity associated with chronic inflammatory diseases can be reduced by psychological interventions, including Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR). Proposed mechanisms for MBSR's beneficial effects include changes in salience network function. Salience network perturbations are also associated with chronic inflammation, including airway inflammation in asthma, a chronic inflammatory disease affecting approximately 10% of the population. However, no studies have examined whether MBSR-related improvements in disease control are related to changes in salience network function. METHODS Adults with asthma were randomized to 8 weeks of MBSR or a waitlist control group. Resting state functional connectivity was measured using fMRI before randomization, immediately post-intervention, and 4 months post-intervention. Using key salience network regions as seeds, we calculated group differences in change in functional connectivity over time and examined whether functional connectivity changes were associated with increased mindfulness, improved asthma control, and decreased inflammatory biomarkers. RESULTS The MBSR group showed greater increases in functional connectivity between salience network regions relative to the waitlist group. Improvements in asthma control correlated with increased functional connectivity between the salience network and regions important for attention control and emotion regulation. Improvements in inflammatory biomarkers were related to decreased functional connectivity between the salience network and other networks. CONCLUSIONS Increased resting salience network coherence and connectivity with networks that subserve attention and emotion regulation may contribute to the benefits of MBSR for patients with asthma. Understanding the neural underpinnings of MBSR-related benefits in patients is a critical step towards optimizing brain-targeted interventions for chronic inflammatory disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Laubacher
- Center for Healthy Minds, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 625 W. Washington Ave, Madison, WI 53703, USA
| | - Tammi R A Kral
- Center for Healthy Minds, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 625 W. Washington Ave, Madison, WI 53703, USA; Healthy Minds Innovations, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 625 W. Washington Ave, Madison, WI 53703, USA
| | - Ted Imhoff-Smith
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - Danika R Klaus
- Healthy Minds Innovations, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 625 W. Washington Ave, Madison, WI 53703, USA
| | - Robin I Goldman
- Center for Healthy Minds, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 625 W. Washington Ave, Madison, WI 53703, USA
| | - Jane Sachs
- Center for Healthy Minds, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 625 W. Washington Ave, Madison, WI 53703, USA
| | - Richard J Davidson
- Center for Healthy Minds, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 625 W. Washington Ave, Madison, WI 53703, USA; Healthy Minds Innovations, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 625 W. Washington Ave, Madison, WI 53703, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 6001 Research Park Blvd, Madison, WI 53719, USA
| | - William W Busse
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - Melissa A Rosenkranz
- Center for Healthy Minds, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 625 W. Washington Ave, Madison, WI 53703, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 6001 Research Park Blvd, Madison, WI 53719, USA.
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Mengelkoch S, Gassen J, Slavich GM, Hill SE. Hormonal contraceptive use is associated with differences in women's inflammatory and psychological reactivity to an acute social stressor. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 115:747-757. [PMID: 37914104 PMCID: PMC11216059 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Women using hormonal contraceptives (HCs) exhibit numerous signs of chronic inflammation, including elevated C-reactive protein levels and greater risk of developing mood and autoimmune disorders. However, users and non-users of HCs often have similar circulating proinflammatory cytokine levels, making the mechanism of association unclear. One possible explanation for this paradox is that HC users exhibit differences in their inflammatory responses to psychosocial stress that, over time, could contribute to chronic inflammation and its pathologies. Here, we tested this possibility by examining women's glucocorticoid, inflammatory, and psychological responses to the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) in 67 naturally cycling (NC) and 60 oral HC-using women (Mage = 19.31, SDage = 1.95). As hypothesized, HC users and NC women exhibited different glucocorticoid and proinflammatory cytokine responses to the TSST. For NC women, TSST-induced increases in glucocorticoids were uncommon, and increases in glucocorticoids were accompanied by elevations in IL-6. In contrast, for women using HCs, increases in glucocorticoids in response to the TSST were common, and increases in glucocorticoids were accompanied by increases in TNF-α. HC users and NC women also differed in their psychological responses to the TSST, with HC users reporting elevated stress levels compared to NC women. Together, these results suggest that HC use impacts women's glucocorticoid, inflammatory, and psychological responses to psychosocial stress, potentially contributing to observed differences in these women's mental and physical health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Summer Mengelkoch
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States; Department of Psychology, Texas Christian University, 2955 South University Drive, Fort Worth TX 76129, United States.
| | - Jeffrey Gassen
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - George M Slavich
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Sarah E Hill
- Department of Psychology, Texas Christian University, 2955 South University Drive, Fort Worth TX 76129, United States
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Gilgoff R, Mengelkoch S, Elbers J, Kotz K, Radin A, Pasumarthi I, Murthy R, Sindher S, Harris NB, Slavich GM. The Stress Phenotyping Framework: A multidisciplinary biobehavioral approach for assessing and therapeutically targeting maladaptive stress physiology. Stress 2024; 27:2327333. [PMID: 38711299 PMCID: PMC11219250 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2024.2327333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Although dysregulated stress biology is becoming increasingly recognized as a key driver of lifelong disparities in chronic disease, we presently have no validated biomarkers of toxic stress physiology; no biological, behavioral, or cognitive treatments specifically focused on normalizing toxic stress processes; and no agreed-upon guidelines for treating stress in the clinic or evaluating the efficacy of interventions that seek to reduce toxic stress and improve human functioning. We address these critical issues by (a) systematically describing key systems and mechanisms that are dysregulated by stress; (b) summarizing indicators, biomarkers, and instruments for assessing stress response systems; and (c) highlighting therapeutic approaches that can be used to normalize stress-related biopsychosocial functioning. We also present a novel multidisciplinary Stress Phenotyping Framework that can bring stress researchers and clinicians one step closer to realizing the goal of using precision medicine-based approaches to prevent and treat stress-associated health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Gilgoff
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Summer Mengelkoch
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jorina Elbers
- Trauma recovery Program, HeartMath Institute, Boulder Creek, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Isha Pasumarthi
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Reanna Murthy
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Sayantani Sindher
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | | | - George M. Slavich
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Ortiz-Mendoza N, Martínez-Gordillo MJ, Martínez-Ambriz E, Basurto-Peña FA, González-Trujano ME, Aguirre-Hernández E. Ethnobotanical, Phytochemical, and Pharmacological Properties of the Subfamily Nepetoideae (Lamiaceae) in Inflammatory Diseases. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3752. [PMID: 37960108 PMCID: PMC10648697 DOI: 10.3390/plants12213752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Nepetoideae is the most diverse subfamily of Lamiaceae, and some species are well known for their culinary and medicinal uses. In recent years, there has been growing interest in the therapeutic properties of the species of this group regarding inflammatory illnesses. This study aims to collect information on traditional uses through ethnobotanical, pharmacological, and phytochemical information of the subfamily Nepetoideae related to inflammatory diseases. UNAM electronic resources were used to obtain the information. The analysis of the most relevant literature was compiled and organised in tables. From this, about 106 species of the subfamily are traditionally recognised to alleviate chronic pain associated with inflammation. Pharmacological studies have been carried out in vitro and in vivo on approximately 308 species belonging to the genera Salvia, Ocimum, Thymus, Mentha, Origanum, Lavandula, and Melissa. Phytochemical and pharmacological evaluations have been performed and mostly prepared as essential oil or high polarity extracts, whose secondary metabolites are mainly of a phenolic nature. Other interesting and explored metabolites are diterpenes from the abietane, clerodane, and kaurane type; however, they have only been described in some species of the genera Salvia and Isodon. This review reveals that the Nepetoideae subfamily is an important source for therapeutics of the inflammatory process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Ortiz-Mendoza
- Laboratorio de Productos Naturales, Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico;
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Unidad de Posgrado, Ciudad Universitaria Coyoacán, Edificio D, 1° Piso, Circuito de Posgrados, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Martha Juana Martínez-Gordillo
- Departamento de Biología Comparada, Herbario de la Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Emmanuel Martínez-Ambriz
- Instituto de Ecología, A.C., Red de Biodiversidad y Sistemática, Xalapa 91073, Veracruz, Mexico;
| | | | - María Eva González-Trujano
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología de Productos Naturales, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City 14370, Mexico;
| | - Eva Aguirre-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Productos Naturales, Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico;
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Rastgoo S, Fateh ST, Nikbaf-Shandiz M, Rasaei N, Aali Y, Zamani M, Shiraseb F, Asbaghi O. The effects of L-carnitine supplementation on inflammatory and anti-inflammatory markers in adults: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis. Inflammopharmacology 2023; 31:2173-2199. [PMID: 37656233 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01323-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
L-carnitine supplementation may be beneficial in improving inflammatory conditions and reducing the level of inflammatory cytokines. Therefore, according to the finding of randomized controlled trials (RCTs), the systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the effect of L-carnitine supplementation on inflammation in adults. To obtain acceptable articles up to October 2022, a thorough search was conducted in databases including PubMed, ISI Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, and Scopus. A random-effects model was used to estimate the weighted mean difference (WMD). We included the 48 RCTs (n = 3255) with 51 effect sizes in this study. L-carnitine supplementation had a significant effect on C-reactive protein (CRP) (p < 0.001), interleukin-6 (IL-6) (p = 0.001), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) (p = 0.002), malondialdehyde (MDA) (p = 0.001), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) (p = 0.029), alanine transaminase (ALT) (p < 0.001), and aspartate transaminase (AST) (p < 0.001) in intervention, compared to the placebo group. Subgroup analyses showed that L-carnitine supplementation had a lowering effect on CRP and TNF-α in trial duration ≥ 12 weeks in type 2 diabetes and BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2. L-carnitine supplementation reduced ALT levels in overweight and normal BMI subjects at any trial dose and trial duration ≥ 12 weeks and reduced AST levels in overweight subjects and trial dose ≥ 2 g/day. This meta-analysis revealed that L-carnitine supplementation effectively reduces the inflammatory state by increasing the level of TAC and decreasing the levels of CRP, IL-6, TNF-α and MDA in the serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Rastgoo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition Science and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Niloufar Rasaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Yasaman Aali
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Zamani
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farideh Shiraseb
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Omid Asbaghi
- Student Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Rathmacher JA, Fuller JC, Abumrad NN, Flynn CR. Inflammation Biomarker Response to Oral 2-Hydroxybenzylamine (2-HOBA) Acetate in Healthy Humans. Inflammation 2023; 46:1343-1352. [PMID: 36935449 PMCID: PMC10025056 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-023-01801-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is associated with the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the formation of lipid-derived compounds, such as isolevuglandins (IsoLGs), malondialdehyde, 4-hydroxy-nonenal, and 4-oxo-nonenal. The most reactive of these are the IsoLGs, which form covalent adducts with lysine residues and other cellular primary amines leading to changes in protein function, immunogenicity, and epigenetic alterations and have been shown to contribute to a number of inflammatory diseases. 2-Hydroxybenzylamine (2-HOBA) is a natural compound found in buckwheat seeds and reacts with all IsoLG adducts preventing adduct formation with proteins and DNA. Therefore, 2-HOBA is well positioned as an agent for the prevention of inflammatory-prone diseases. In this study, we examined the potential beneficial effects of 2-HOBA on oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers in two cohorts of healthy younger and older adults. We utilized the Olink® targeted inflammation panel before and after an oral 15-day treatment regimen with 2-HOBA. We found significant relative changes in the plasma concentration of 15 immune proteins that may reflect the in vivo immune targets of 2-HOBA. Treatment of 2-HOBA resulted in significant increased levels of CCL19, IL-12β, IL-20Rα, and TNFβ, whereas levels of TWEAK significantly decreased. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis identified canonical pathways regulated by the differentially secreted cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors upon 2-HOBA treatment and further points to biofunctions related to the recruitment, attraction, and movement of different immune cell types. In conclusion, 2-HOBA significantly altered the protein biomarkers CCL19, IL-12β, IL-20Rα, TNFβ, and TWEAK, and these may be responsible for the protective effects of 2-HOBA against reactive electrophiles, such as IsoLGs, commonly expressed in conditions of excessive oxidative stress. 2-HOBA has a role as a IsoLG scavenger to proactively improve immune health in a variety of conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Rathmacher
- MTI BioTech, Inc, Iowa State University Research Park, Ames, IA, USA
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | | | - Naji N Abumrad
- MTI BioTech, Inc, Iowa State University Research Park, Ames, IA, USA
- Metabolic Technologies, LLC, Missoula, MT, USA
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, MRBIV Room 8465A, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Charles R Flynn
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, MRBIV Room 8465A, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
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11
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Zhao F, Bai Y, Xiang X, Pang X. The role of fibromodulin in inflammatory responses and diseases associated with inflammation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1191787. [PMID: 37483637 PMCID: PMC10360182 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1191787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is an immune response that the host organism eliminates threats from foreign objects or endogenous signals. It plays a key role in the progression, prognosis as well as therapy of diseases. Chronic inflammatory diseases have been regarded as the main cause of death worldwide at present, which greatly affect a vast number of individuals, producing economic and social burdens. Thus, developing drugs targeting inflammation has become necessary and attractive in the world. Currently, accumulating evidence suggests that small leucine-rich proteoglycans (SLRPs) exhibit essential roles in various inflammatory responses by acting as an anti-inflammatory or pro-inflammatory role in different scenarios of diseases. Of particular interest was a well-studied member, termed fibromodulin (FMOD), which has been largely explored in the role of inflammatory responses in inflammatory-related diseases. In this review, particular focus is given to the role of FMOD in inflammatory response including the relationship of FMOD with the complement system and immune cells, as well as the role of FMOD in the diseases associated with inflammation, such as skin wounding healing, osteoarthritis (OA), tendinopathy, atherosclerosis, and heart failure (HF). By conducting this review, we intend to gain insight into the role of FMOD in inflammation, which may open the way for the development of new anti-inflammation drugs in the scenarios of different inflammatory-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Bai
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuerong Xiang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Pang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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12
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Enichen E, Adams RB, Demmig-Adams B. Physical Activity as an Adjunct Treatment for People Living with HIV? Am J Lifestyle Med 2023; 17:502-517. [PMID: 37426740 PMCID: PMC10328202 DOI: 10.1177/15598276221078222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
This review evaluates physical activity as a candidate for an adjunct treatment, in conjunction with antiretroviral therapy (ART), for people living with HIV (PLWH). Evidence is summarized that chronic, non-resolving inflammation (a principal feature of immune system dysfunction) and a dysfunctional state of the gut environment are key factors in HIV infection that persist despite treatment with ART. In addition, evidence is summarized that regular physical activity may restore normal function of both the immune system and the gut environment and may thereby ameliorate symptoms and non-resolving inflammation-associated comorbidities that burden PLWH. Physicians who care for PLWH could thus consider incorporating physical activity into treatment plans to complement ART. It is also discussed that different types of physical activity can have different effects on the gut environment and immune function, and that future research should establish more specific criteria for the design of exercise regimens tailored to PLWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Enichen
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA, (EE, BDA); Physical Therapy of Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA, (RBA)
| | - Robert B. Adams
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA, (EE, BDA); Physical Therapy of Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA, (RBA)
| | - Barbara Demmig-Adams
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA, (EE, BDA); Physical Therapy of Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA, (RBA)
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13
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Bashir B, Riaz N, Ejaz SA, Saleem M, Iqbal A, Ashraf M, Ejaz S, -Rehman AU, Aziz M, Bhattarai K. Investigations of p-tolyloxy-1,3,4-oxadiazole propionamides as soybean 15-lipoxygenase inhibitors in comforting with in vitro and in silico studies. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:15549-15568. [PMID: 36946200 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2190807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory disorders are the prime contributor to public health issue and the development of more effective and safer anti-inflammatory drugs in addition to other therapeutic alternatives to treat inflammatory illnesses, particularly chronic inflammatory diseases, is one of the foremost current issues. In this regard, our present work is concerned with the synthesis of a new series of N-alkyl/aralkyl/aryl derivatives (7a-o) of 5-((p-tolyloxymethyl)-4H-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-ylthio)propionamide which was instigated by the successive conversions of p-tolyloxyacetic acid into ester, hydrazide and 5-(p-tolyloxymethyl)-4H-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-thiol. The planned compounds (7a-o) were attained by the reaction of 5-(p-tolyloxymethyl)-4H-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-thiol with variety of N-alkyl/aralkyl/aryl electrophiles in potassium hydroxide and were characterized by FTIR, 1H-, 13C-NMR spectroscopy, EI-MS and HR-EI-MS spectrometry and probed for their inhibiting potential against soybean 15-lipoxygenase (15-LOX) enzyme. The compounds 7a, 7n, 7 g, 7e, 7h, 7i, 7j and 7b promulgated the potent inhibiting potential with IC50 values 9.43 ± 0.45, 16.75 ± 0.49, 19.45 ± 0.37, 21.32 ± 0.46, 22.64 ± 0.56, 23.53 ± 0.62, 24.32 ± 0.45 and 29.15 ± 0.57 µM, respectively, while excellent to good inhibitory activities were shown by 7o, 7 m, 7k, 7f, 7c, 7 l and 7d with IC50 values in the range 30.29 ± 0.56 to 52.54 ± 0.64 µM. Compounds 7i-o maintained 91.12 ± 1.5 to 98.23 ± 1.2% blood mononuclear cells (MNCs) viability at 0.25 mM by MTT assay whilst compounds 7d-h observed 46.51 ± 1.3 to 57.12 ± 1.4% viability where as the most toxic compounds were 7b (12.51 ± 1.4%), 7a (28.12 ± 1.5%) and 7c (38.23 ± 1.5%) as compared with controls. Pharmacokinetic profiles predicted good oral bioavailability and drug-likeness properties of molecules as per rule of five. Molecular docking studies displayed hydrogen bonding between the compounds and the enzyme with Arg378 which was common in 7n, 7 g, 7h and baicalein. In 7a and quercetin, hydrogen bonding was established through Asn375; Tyr512 and Val589 were also involved in bonding with other analogues. RMSD (root mean square deviation) values exhibited good inhibitory profiles in the order quercetin (0.73 Å)<7 g (0.98 Å)
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Affiliation(s)
- Bushra Bashir
- Institute of Chemistry, Baghdad-ul-Jadeed Campus, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Naheed Riaz
- Institute of Chemistry, Baghdad-ul-Jadeed Campus, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Syeda Abida Ejaz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Saleem
- Institute of Chemistry, Baghdad-ul-Jadeed Campus, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Ambar Iqbal
- Institute of Chemistry, Baghdad-ul-Jadeed Campus, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics (IBBB), Baghdad-ul-Jadeed Campus, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ashraf
- Institute of Chemistry, Baghdad-ul-Jadeed Campus, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Samina Ejaz
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics (IBBB), Baghdad-ul-Jadeed Campus, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Aziz-Ur -Rehman
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mubashir Aziz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Keshab Bhattarai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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14
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Méndez Leal AS, Silvers JA, Carroll JE, Cole SW, Ross KM, Ramey SL, Shalowitz MU, Dunkel Schetter C. Maternal early life stress is associated with pro-inflammatory processes during pregnancy. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 109:285-291. [PMID: 36280180 PMCID: PMC10035632 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2022.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Early life stress (ELS) is common in the United States and worldwide, and contributes to the development of psychopathology in individuals with these experiences and their offspring. A growing body of research suggests that early life stress may contribute to adverse health partly through modulation of immune (and particularly inflammatory) responses. Therefore, increased maternal prenatal inflammation has been proposed as a mechanistic pathway by which the observed cross-generational effects of parental early life stress on child neuropsychiatric outcomes may be exerted. We examined associations between early life stress and molecular markers of inflammation (specifically pro-inflammatory gene expression and receptor-mediated transcription factor activity) and a commonly studied circulating marker of inflammation (C-Reactive Protein) in a diverse group of women in or near their third trimester of pregnancy, covarying for age, race/ethnicity, BMI, concurrent infection, concurrent perceived stress, and per capita household income. Mothers who experienced higher levels of early life stress had significantly increased pro-inflammatory (NF-κB) and decreased anti-viral (IRF) transcription factor activity. Transcripts that were up or down regulated in mothers with high ELS were preferentially derived from both CD16+ and CD16- monocytes. Early life stress was not associated with elevated CRP. Taken together, these findings provide preliminary evidence for an association between ELS and a pro-inflammatory transcriptional phenotype during pregnancy that may serve as a mechanistic pathway for cross-generational transmission of the effects of early life stress on mental and physical health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jennifer A Silvers
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Judith E Carroll
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Steve W Cole
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kharah M Ross
- Centre for Social Sciences, Athabasca University, Athabasca, AB, Canada
| | - Sharon L Ramey
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA
| | - Madeleine U Shalowitz
- Department of Pediatrics, NorthShore University HealthSystem Research Institute, Evanston, IL, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Department of Pediatrics, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
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15
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Slavich GM, Mengelkoch S, Cole SW. Human social genomics: Concepts, mechanisms, and implications for health. LIFESTYLE MEDICINE 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/lim2.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- George M. Slavich
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences University of California Los Angeles California USA
| | - Summer Mengelkoch
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences University of California Los Angeles California USA
| | - Steven W. Cole
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences University of California Los Angeles California USA
- Department of Medicine University of California Los Angeles California USA
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Shields GS, Fassett-Carman A, Gray ZJ, Gonzales JE, Snyder HR, Slavich GM. Why is subjective stress severity a stronger predictor of health than stressor exposure? A preregistered two-study test of two hypotheses. Stress Health 2023; 39:87-102. [PMID: 35599238 PMCID: PMC10243213 DOI: 10.1002/smi.3165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Subjective stress severity appraisals have consistently emerged as better predictors of poor health than stressor exposure, but the reason for this is unclear. Subjective stress may better predict poor health for one of at least two reasons. First, because stressor exposure measures consider all stressors as equal, stress severity measures-which "weight" stressors by self-reported severity-might better predict poor health simply by not treating all stressors as being equally impactful. Second, subjective stress appraisals may index important individual differences in stress vulnerability. We tested these two possibilities in this preregistered, two-study manuscript. Across these two different studies, subjective stress severity was a better predictor of poor health than independently weighted stress severity or stressor exposure. These results demonstrate that, beyond weighting of stressful experiences, subjective stress severity indexes health-relevant individual differences. Moreover, the results suggest that subjective stress severity may be the preferred stress summary metric even when derived from imprecise stress assessment instruments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zach J. Gray
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Arkansas
| | - Joseph E. Gonzales
- Department of Psychology and Center for Women and Work, University of Massachusetts Lowell
| | - Hannah R. Snyder
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, Brandeis University
| | - George M. Slavich
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology and Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles
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17
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Cheng Z, Zhou ST, Zhang XH, Fu Q, Yang Y, Ji WB, Liu HG. Effects of early intermittent maternal separation on behavior, physiological, and growth performance in piglets. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skad122. [PMID: 37094606 PMCID: PMC10195192 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In pig production, the management of piglets by batch lactation due to the increase in litter sizes of sows may result in intermittent early neonatal maternal separation (NMS). We speculated that NMS may affect the piglets cognitive growth performance and health. To determine the extent of the effect, 12 litters of crossbred piglets (Large White × Duroc × Min-pig) were used in this trial. Piglets in the control (Con) group (n = 6) were given a standard feeding method during lactation. Piglets in the experimental group (n = 6) were subjected to the NMS model, in which sows were led out of the enclosure with food every day (8:00-11:00 and 13:00-16:00) starting from postnatal day (PND) 7. During the separation, the piglets were supplemented with milk. All experimental piglets were weaned on PND 35. The piglets were observed for aggression, play, mutual sniffing, and exploratory behavior on PNDs 7, 8, 21, 22, 34, 35, 38, 39, 51, 52, 64, and 65. Physiological indicators, namely serum adrenaline, cortisol, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-4, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were measured on PNDs 35, 38, and 65, while piglet growth performance was evaluated during suckling and 1 month after weaning. The results showed that aggressive behavior in the MS group was significantly higher than that in the Con group (P < 0.05). Playful and mutual sniffing behaviors in the MS group were significantly lower than those in the Con group except for PNDs 38 and 39 (P < 0.05). Active exploratory behavior in the MS group was significantly higher than that in the Con group on PNDs 7 and 8, and PNDs 21 and 22 (P < 0.05). The frequency of belly-nosing behavior was significantly higher in the MS group than that in the Con group except for PNDs 64 and 65 (P < 0.05). Compared with the Con group, epinephrine, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α concentrations on PNDs 35, 38, and 65 were significantly increased in the MS group (P < 0.01), while IL-4 concentration was significantly decreased (PND 35: P < 0.05; PNDs 38 and 65: P < 0.01). Compared with the Con group, the piglet diarrhea rate in the MS group during suckling was significantly increased (P < 0.01), the weaning weight was significantly decreased (P < 0.05), and it had no significant effect on the body weight at the end of the trial (P > 0.05). In conclusion, the early intermittent NMS created stress and affected the growth performance of piglets during suckling. However, the growth rate was improved by compensatory measures during late weaning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Cheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Changjiang, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P.R. China
| | - Si-Tong Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Changjiang, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Hong Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Changjiang, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P.R. China
| | - Qin Fu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Changjiang, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P.R. China
| | - Yue Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Changjiang, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Bo Ji
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Changjiang, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Gui Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Changjiang, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Swine Facilities Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Changjiang, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P.R. China
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18
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Usenko OY, Khomenko IP, Kovalenko AE, Saliutin RV. Stress and surgical diseases of thyroid gland in environment of the armed conflict (review of literature and own observations). KLINICHESKAIA KHIRURGIIA 2022. [DOI: 10.26779/2522-1396.2022.3-4.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Stress and surgical diseases of thyroid gland in environment of the armed conflict (review of literature and own observations)
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19
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Rishworth A, Cao T, Niraula A, Wilson K. Health Care Use and Barriers to Care for Chronic Inflammatory Diseases (CID) among First and Second Generation South Asian Immigrant Children and Parents in Ontario Canada. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14608. [PMID: 36361486 PMCID: PMC9655293 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Although immigrants are disproportionately impacted by growing chronic inflammatory disease (CIDs) rates, yet suffer barriers to access health care, little attention has been given to their primary healthcare or specialist healthcare access as it relates to complex, chronic diseases in Canada, a country with universal health care. This study aims to investigate CID health care use and barriers to care among first- and second-generation immigrant South Asian children and parents in the Greater Toronto Area, Ontario. Drawing on analysis of 24 in depth interviews with children and parents (14 children, 10 parents), the results reveal that although CIDs disproportionately affects South Asian immigrants, they encounter health system, geographic, interpersonal, and knowledge barriers to access requisite care. These barriers exist despite participants having a GP, and are compounded further by limited familial systems, culturally insensitive care, and structural inequities that in some instances make parents choose between health access or other basic needs. Although all participants recognized the importance of specialized care, only 11 participants regularly accessed specialized care, creating new schisms in CID management. The findings suggest that a multisectoral approach that address individual and structural level socio-structural drivers of health inequities are needed to create more equitable healthcare access.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Rishworth
- Department of Geography, Geomatics and Environment, Faculty Geography, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Tiffany Cao
- Department of Geography, Geomatics and Environment, Faculty Geography, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Ashika Niraula
- CERC in Migration and Integration, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Kathi Wilson
- Department of Geography, Geomatics and Environment, Faculty Geography, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
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20
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Álvarez-López MJ, Conklin QA, Cosín-Tomás M, Shields GS, King BG, Zanesco AP, Kaliman P, Saron CD. Changes in the expression of inflammatory and epigenetic-modulatory genes after an intensive meditation retreat. COMPREHENSIVE PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINOLOGY 2022; 11:100152. [PMID: 35818436 PMCID: PMC9270205 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpnec.2022.100152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Meditation retreats are characterized by intensive or concentrated periods of meditation practice, commonly undertaken in a residential setting. Although research indicates that meditation training can positively influence physical and mental health outcomes, the biological consequences of meditation retreat interventions are relatively understudied. In this study, we examined the influence of a month-long, silent meditation retreat on the expression of genes involved in epigenetic modulation and immune processes. Method We assessed gene expression changes in experienced meditators attending a month-long Insight meditation retreat (n = 28), as compared to a community control group (n = 34) of experienced practitioners living their everyday lives. Blood samples were collected on day two of the retreat (Time 1) and again 3 weeks later (Time 2). Control participants were also assessed across a 3-week interval, during which they maintained their regular daily routines. Results As compared to controls, retreat participants showed differential changes in the expression of several genes involved in chromatin modulation and inflammation. The most substantive finding was downregulation of the TNF pathway in retreat participants, which was not observed in controls. Conclusions These findings indicate that meditation retreat participation may influence some of the inflammatory mechanisms involved in the development of chronic diseases, and that this style of psychosocial intervention may have therapeutic potential, particularly in experienced practitioners. Meditation retreat downregulated the TNF-a pathway, indicating lower inflammation. Retreat was associated with gene expression patterns consistent with lower inflammation. Retreats may offer a nonpharmacological approach to reducing inflammation.
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21
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de Freitas NPA, Carvalho TR, Gonçalves CCRA, da Silva PHA, de Melo Romão LG, Kwak-Kim J, Cavalcante MB. The Dietary Inflammatory Index as a predictor of pregnancy outcomes: Systematic review and meta-analysis. J Reprod Immunol 2022; 152:103651. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2022.103651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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22
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Olude MA, Mouihate A, Mustapha OA, Farina C, Quintana FJ, Olopade JO. Astrocytes and Microglia in Stress-Induced Neuroinflammation: The African Perspective. Front Immunol 2022; 13:795089. [PMID: 35707531 PMCID: PMC9190229 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.795089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Africa is laden with a youthful population, vast mineral resources and rich fauna. However, decades of unfortunate historical, sociocultural and leadership challenges make the continent a hotspot for poverty, indoor and outdoor pollutants with attendant stress factors such as violence, malnutrition, infectious outbreaks and psychological perturbations. The burden of these stressors initiate neuroinflammatory responses but the pattern and mechanisms of glial activation in these scenarios are yet to be properly elucidated. Africa is therefore most vulnerable to neurological stressors when placed against a backdrop of demographics that favor explosive childbearing, a vast population of unemployed youths making up a projected 42% of global youth population by 2030, repressive sociocultural policies towards women, poor access to healthcare, malnutrition, rapid urbanization, climate change and pollution. Early life stress, whether physical or psychological, induces neuroinflammatory response in developing nervous system and consequently leads to the emergence of mental health problems during adulthood. Brain inflammatory response is driven largely by inflammatory mediators released by glial cells; namely astrocytes and microglia. These inflammatory mediators alter the developmental trajectory of fetal and neonatal brain and results in long-lasting maladaptive behaviors and cognitive deficits. This review seeks to highlight the patterns and mechanisms of stressors such as poverty, developmental stress, environmental pollutions as well as malnutrition stress on astrocytes and microglia in neuroinflammation within the African context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Ayokunle Olude
- Vertebrate Morphology, Environmental Toxicology and Neuroscience Unit, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
- *Correspondence: Matthew Ayokunle Olude,
| | - Abdeslam Mouihate
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Health Sciences Centre, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Oluwaseun Ahmed Mustapha
- Vertebrate Morphology, Environmental Toxicology and Neuroscience Unit, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - Cinthia Farina
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCSS) San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE) and Division of Neuroscience, Milan, Italy
| | - Francisco Javier Quintana
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - James Olukayode Olopade
- Neuroscience Unit, Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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Graphene-Based Biosensors for Molecular Chronic Inflammatory Disease Biomarker Detection. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12040244. [PMID: 35448304 PMCID: PMC9030187 DOI: 10.3390/bios12040244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory diseases, such as cancer, diabetes mellitus, stroke, ischemic heart diseases, neurodegenerative conditions, and COVID-19 have had a high number of deaths worldwide in recent years. The accurate detection of the biomarkers for chronic inflammatory diseases can significantly improve diagnosis, as well as therapy and clinical care in patients. Graphene derivative materials (GDMs), such as pristine graphene (G), graphene oxide (GO), and reduced graphene oxide (rGO), have shown tremendous benefits for biosensing and in the development of novel biosensor devices. GDMs exhibit excellent chemical, electrical and mechanical properties, good biocompatibility, and the facility of surface modification for biomolecular recognition, opening new opportunities for simple, accurate, and sensitive detection of biomarkers. This review shows the recent advances, properties, and potentialities of GDMs for developing robust biosensors. We show the main electrochemical and optical-sensing methods based on GDMs, as well as their design and manufacture in order to integrate them into robust, wearable, remote, and smart biosensors devices. We also describe the current application of such methods and technologies for the biosensing of chronic disease biomarkers. We also describe the current application of such methods and technologies for the biosensing of chronic disease biomarkers with improved sensitivity, reaching limits of detection from the nano to atto range concentration.
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24
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Molina-Molina E, Furtado GE, Jones JG, Portincasa P, Vieira-Pedrosa A, Teixeira AM, Barros MP, Bachi ALL, Sardão VA. The advantages of physical exercise as a preventive strategy against NAFLD in postmenopausal women. Eur J Clin Invest 2022; 52:e13731. [PMID: 34890043 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence and severity of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) increase in women after menopause. This narrative review discusses the causes and consequences of NAFLD in postmenopausal women and describes how physical activity can contribute to its prevention. METHODS The authors followed the narrative review method to perform a critical and objective analysis of the current knowledge on the topic. The Medical Subject Heading keywords 'physical exercise', 'menopause', 'hormone replacement therapy', 'estradiol' and 'NAFLD' were used to establish a conceptual framework. The databases used to collect relevant references included Medline and specialized high-impact journals. RESULTS Higher visceral adiposity, higher rate of lipolysis in adipose tissue after oestrogen drop and changes in the expression of housekeeping proteins involved in hepatic lipid management are observed in women after menopause, contributing to NAFLD. Excessive liver steatosis leads to hepatic insulin resistance, oxidative stress and inflammation, accelerating NAFLD progression. Physical activity brings beneficial effects against several postmenopausal-associated complications, including NAFLD progression. Aerobic and resistance exercises partially counteract alterations induced by metabolic syndrome in sedentary postmenopausal women, impacting NAFLD progression and severity. CONCLUSIONS With the increased global obesity epidemic in developing countries, NAFLD is becoming a severe problem with increased prevalence in women after menopause. Evidence shows that physical activity may delay NAFLD development and severity in postmenopausal women, although the prescription of age-appropriate physical activity programmes is advisable to assure the health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Molina-Molina
- Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Clinica Medica "A. Murri", Bari, Italy
| | - Guilherme Eustaquio Furtado
- Health Sciences Research Unit: Nursing (UICISA:E), Nursing School of Coimbra (ESEnfC), Coimbra, Portugal.,Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity (CIDAF) Faculty of Sport Science and Physical Education, FCDEF-UC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - John G Jones
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB - Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Piero Portincasa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Clinica Medica "A. Murri", Bari, Italy
| | - Ana Vieira-Pedrosa
- Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity (CIDAF) Faculty of Sport Science and Physical Education, FCDEF-UC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Maria Teixeira
- Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity (CIDAF) Faculty of Sport Science and Physical Education, FCDEF-UC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Marcelo Paes Barros
- Institute of Physical Activity Sciences and Sports (ICAFE), Interdisciplinary Program in Health Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - André Luís Lacerda Bachi
- Brazilian Institute of Teaching and Research in Pulmonary and Exercise Immunology, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, ENT Lab, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil.,Post-Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Santo Amaro University (UNISA), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vilma A Sardão
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB - Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Sport Science and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Fisher JE, Krantz DS, Ogle CM, Zhou J, Zuleta RF, Strickman AK, Fullerton CS, Ursano RJ, Cozza SJ. Mental Health, Ill-Defined Conditions, and Healthcare Utilization Following Bereavement: A Prospective Case-Control Study. J Acad Consult Liaison Psychiatry 2022; 63:434-444. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaclp.2022.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Abstract
ABSTRACT Metabolic changes represent the most common sign of aging and lead to increased risk of developing diseases typical of old age. Age-associated metabolic changes, such as decreased insulin sensitivity, decreased mitochondrial function, and dysregulated nutrient uptake, fuel the low-grade chronic systemic inflammation, known as inflammaging, a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, linked to the development of several diseases of old age. How aging affects the metabolic phenotype of immune cells, and B cells in particular, is not well known and is under intensive investigation by several groups. In this study, we summarized the few published results linking intrinsic B-cell metabolism and B-cell function in different groups of young and elderly individuals: healthy, with type-2 diabetes mellitus, or with HIV infection. Although preliminary, these results suggest the intriguing possibility that metabolic pathways can represent potential novel therapeutic targets to reduce inflammaging and improve humoral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Frasca
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL; and
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Suresh Pallikkuth
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL; and
| | - Savita Pahwa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL; and
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Understanding associations between rumination and inflammation: A scoping review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 135:104523. [PMID: 34998832 PMCID: PMC8957598 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A growing body of evidence suggests that rumination, or focused attention on mental representations of negative events, may have physiological consequences that adversely affect long term health. We conducted a scoping review on quantitative studies of humans examining associations between rumination and inflammation, which included 13 studies representing 14 samples and 1,102 unique participants. The review included 8 biomarkers measured in plasma, serum and saliva (C reactive protein, and C-C motif chemokine 11, interleukin (IL)- 1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and tumor necrosis factor alpha). More consistent findings of an association between greater rumination and increased inflammation were found in studies that used experimental designs and manipulated rumination. Emerging research suggests rumination may interact with other factors (e.g., socioeconomic status, anxiety) to predict inflammation. This review offers an up to date synthesis of the emerging research focused on rumination and inflammation. The relationship between inflammation and rumination may be contingent on how rumination is conceptualized and measured, as well as the measure of inflammation (i.e., at rest/ in response to stress).
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A short Mindfulness retreat can improve biological markers of stress and inflammation. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2022; 135:105579. [PMID: 34775250 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mindfulness practice, a form of meditation, has shown benefit for psychological and physical health. In this study, we investigated the effect of an intensive period of Mindfulness practice on some biological mediators of stress and inflammation during a 3-day residential retreat. METHODS A total of 95 healthy individuals (aged 18-67) were recruited and randomized to a Mindfulness retreat arm or an active control arm. Before (t0) and after (t1) the intervention, all the participants were assessed for salivary cortisol levels and for a panel of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines measured in saliva. Psychometric measures on stress, anxiety and awareness were carried out using PSS, STAI-Y and MAAS questionnaires, respectively. RESULTS As to the within-group differences, we observed a statistically significant decrease in perceived stress (β = -8.85, p < 0.0001), and anxiety scores (β = -12.39, p < 0.0001), while awareness increased (β = 15.26, p < 0.0001) between t0 to t1 in retreat participants. In the mindfulness intervention group, we also observed a statistically significant reduction in the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 (β = -0.94 p = 0.001) and IL-8 (β = -176.40, p < 0.0001), and an increase in anti-inflammatory IL-10 (β = 0.89 p < 0.0001) levels at the end of the retreat. At t1 we observed a highly significant correlation between cortisol levels and both anxiety (r = 0.56, p < 0.0001) and perceived stress (r = 0.92, p < 0.0001) scores. CONCLUSIONS Mindfulness retreat participants showed a significant reduction in perceived stress and anxiety levels, as well as an improved balance of some key mediators of inflammatory states. Our data provide evidence that a mindfulness retreat may be effective in improving physical and mental health. Future studies with larger numbers of subjects and follow-up periods may examine mindfulness practice as a non-pharmacological alternative to promote stress reduction and overall health and wellbeing.
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Månsson KNT, Lasselin J, Karshikoff B, Axelsson J, Engler H, Schedlowski M, Benson S, Petrovic P, Lekander M. Anterior insula morphology and vulnerability to psychopathology-related symptoms in response to acute inflammation. Brain Behav Immun 2022; 99:9-16. [PMID: 34547400 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The role of inflammation in common psychiatric diseases is now well acknowledged. However, the factors and mechanisms underlying inter-individual variability in the vulnerability to develop psychopathology-related symptoms in response to inflammation are not well characterized. Herein, we aimed at investigating morphological brain regions central for interoception and emotion regulation, and if these are associated with acute inflammation-induced sickness and anxiety responses. METHODS Systemic inflammation was induced using an intravenous injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) at a dose of 0.6 ng/kg body weight in 28 healthy individuals, while 21 individuals received an injection of saline (placebo). Individuals' gray matter volume was investigated by automated voxel-based morphometry technique on T1-weighted anatomical images derived from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Plasma concentrations of TNF-α and IL-6, sickness symptoms (SicknessQ), and state anxiety (STAI-S) were measured before and after the injection. RESULTS A stronger sickness response to LPS was significantly associated with a larger anterior insula gray matter volume, independently from increases in cytokine concentrations, age, sex and body mass index (R2 = 65.6%). Similarly, a greater LPS-induced state anxiety response was related to a larger anterior insula gray matter volume, and also by a stronger increase in plasma TNF-α concentrations (R2 = 40.4%). DISCUSSION Anterior insula morphology appears central in the sensitivity to develop symptoms of sickness and anxiety in response to inflammation, and could thus be one risk factor in inflammation-related psychopathologies. Because of the limited sample size, the current results need to be replicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristoffer N T Månsson
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany; Max Planck UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, Berlin/London, Germany/United Kingdom; Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Cognitive and Computational Neuropsychiatry, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Julie Lasselin
- Stress Research Institute, Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Psychology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, ME Neuroradiologi, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bianka Karshikoff
- Division of Psychology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - John Axelsson
- Stress Research Institute, Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Psychology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Harald Engler
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology, Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Manfred Schedlowski
- Division of Psychology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology, Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Sven Benson
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology, Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Predrag Petrovic
- Center for Cognitive and Computational Neuropsychiatry, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Neuro Division, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mats Lekander
- Stress Research Institute, Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Psychology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, ME Neuroradiologi, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
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Large-scale genomic study reveals robust activation of the immune system following advanced Inner Engineering meditation retreat. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2110455118. [PMID: 34907015 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2110455118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The positive impact of meditation on human well-being is well documented, yet its molecular mechanisms are incompletely understood. We applied a comprehensive systems biology approach starting with whole-blood gene expression profiling combined with multilevel bioinformatic analyses to characterize the coexpression, transcriptional, and protein-protein interaction networks to identify a meditation-specific core network after an advanced 8-d Inner Engineering retreat program. We found the response to oxidative stress, detoxification, and cell cycle regulation pathways were down-regulated after meditation. Strikingly, 220 genes directly associated with immune response, including 68 genes related to interferon signaling, were up-regulated, with no significant expression changes in the inflammatory genes. This robust meditation-specific immune response network is significantly dysregulated in multiple sclerosis and severe COVID-19 patients. The work provides a foundation for understanding the effect of meditation and suggests that meditation as a behavioral intervention can voluntarily and nonpharmacologically improve the immune response for treating various conditions associated with excessive or persistent inflammation with a dampened immune system profile.
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Mohammadi H, Talebi S, Ghavami A, Rafiei M, Sharifi S, Faghihimani Z, Ranjbar G, Miraghajani M, Askari G. Effects of zinc supplementation on inflammatory biomarkers and oxidative stress in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2021; 68:126857. [PMID: 34560424 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2021.126857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE Current evidence is debatable regarding the feasible effects of zinc supplementation on the inflammation and oxidative stress status of adults. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to clarify this inconclusiveness. MATERIALS AND METHODS Literature search was conducted via online databases such as PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar until June 2020. The overall effect was presented as the weighted mean difference (WMD) at 95 % confidence interval (CI) in a random-effects meta-analysis model. Publication bias was also assessed using Egger's and Begg's statistics. RESULTS In total, 25 clinical trials (n = 1428) were reviewed, which indicated that zinc supplementation significantly affects the concentration of C- reactive protein (WMD: -0.03 mg/l; 95 % CI: -0.06, 0.0; P = 0.029), interlukin-6 (WMD: -3.81 pg/mL; 95 % CI: -6.87, -0.76; P = 0.014), malondialdehyde (WMD: -0.78 μmol/l; 95 % CI: -1.14, -0.42; P < 0.001), and total antioxidant capacity (WMD: 95.96 mmol/l; 95 % CI: 22.47, 169.44; P = 0.010). In addition, a significant between-study heterogeneity and a non-significant increment was reported in nitric oxide (WMD: 1.47 μmol/l; 95 % CI: -2.45, 5.40; P = 0.461) and glutathione (WMD: 34.84 μmol/l; 95 % CI: -5.12, 74.80; P = 0.087). CONCLUSION According to the results, zinc supplementation may have beneficial anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Mohammadi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepide Talebi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abed Ghavami
- Student Research Committee, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Rafiei
- Student Research Committee, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shima Sharifi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zahra Faghihimani
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Golnaz Ranjbar
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Miraghajani
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; The Early Life Research Unit, Division of Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Nottingham Digestive Disease Centre and Biomedical Research Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Gholamreza Askari
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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Kranjac AW, Kranjac D, Lounsbury O. Deconstructing sex differences in C-reactive protein trends over time. Am J Hum Biol 2021; 34:e23705. [PMID: 34792252 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Heightened inflammatory state, as measured by circulating C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, can promote inflammation-mediated disease risk. It is important to account for population fluctuation and sex variation in serum CRP concentrations on overall time trends. METHODS Using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data, we specify linear and algebraic decomposition models separately by sex to identify the drivers of the changing trends in the distribution of CRP values in the population. RESULTS We found a nonsignificant overall increase in CRP, but a significant decrease among women and increase among men, over a 10-year period. We then used linear and algebraic decomposition techniques to identify the sources of change in CRP over time, separately for women and men. CRP increased among men mainly because lifestyle/health characteristics worsened over time, and because the size of socioeconomic/demographic groups with higher CRP increased and the size of groups with lower CRP decreased. The downward shift in CRP among women occurred because the typical woman across all cohorts had lower CRP levels. CONCLUSIONS We identified two fundamentally different processes of change driving the decline and rise in CRP values among women and men, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley W Kranjac
- Department of Sociology, Wilkinson College, Chapman University, Orange, California, USA
| | - Dinko Kranjac
- Department of Psychology, College of Health & Community Well-Being, University of La Verne, La Verne, California, USA
| | - Olivia Lounsbury
- Department of Health Sciences, Crean College of Health and Behavioral Sciences, Chapman University, Orange, California, USA
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Marques CG, Dos Santos Quaresma MVL, Nakamoto FP, Magalhães ACO, Lucin GA, Thomatieli-Santos RV. Does Modern Lifestyle Favor Neuroimmunometabolic Changes? A Path to Obesity. Front Nutr 2021; 8:705545. [PMID: 34621773 PMCID: PMC8490681 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.705545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Factors linked to modern lifestyles, such as physical inactivity, Western diet, and poor sleep quality have been identified as key contributors to the positive energy balance (PEB). PEB rises adipose tissue hypertrophy and dysfunction over the years, affecting cells and tissues that are metabolically critical for energy homeostasis regulation, especially skeletal muscle, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, and gut microbiota. It is known that the interaction among lifestyle factors and tissue metabolic dysfunction increases low-grade chronic systemic inflammation, leading to insulin resistance and other adverse metabolic disorders. Although immunometabolic mechanisms are widely discussed in obesity, neuroimmunoendocrine pathways have gained notoriety, as a link to neuroinflammation and central nervous system disorders. Hypothalamic inflammation has been associated with food intake dysregulation, which comprises homeostatic and non-homeostatic mechanisms, promoting eating behavior changes related to the obesity prevalence. The purpose of this review is to provide an updated and integrated perspective on the effects of Western diet, sleep debt, and physical exercise on the regulation of energy homeostasis and low-grade chronic systemic inflammation. Subsequently, we discuss the intersection between systemic inflammation and neuroinflammation and how it can contribute to energy imbalance, favoring obesity. Finally, we propose a model of interactions between systemic inflammation and neuroinflammation, providing new insights into preventive and therapeutic targets for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Guazzelli Marques
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Psicobiologia, Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ana Carolina Oumatu Magalhães
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Psicobiologia, Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Departamento de Nutrição, Centro Universitário São Camilo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Ronaldo Vagner Thomatieli-Santos
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Psicobiologia, Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, Brazil
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Friuli M, Eramo B, Valenza M, Scuderi C, Provensi G, Romano A. Targeting the Oxytocinergic System: A Possible Pharmacological Strategy for the Treatment of Inflammation Occurring in Different Chronic Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10250. [PMID: 34638587 PMCID: PMC8508899 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Unresolved inflammation represents a central feature of different human pathologies including neuropsychiatric, cardiovascular, and metabolic diseases. The epidemiologic relevance of such disorders justifies the increasing interest in further understanding the mechanisms underpinning the inflammatory process occurring in such chronic diseases to provide potential novel pharmacological approaches. The most common and effective therapies for controlling inflammation are glucocorticoids; however, a variety of other molecules have been demonstrated to have an anti-inflammatory potential, including neuropeptides. In recent years, the oxytocinergic system has seen an explosion of scientific studies, demonstrating its potential to contribute to a variety of physiological processes including inflammation. Therefore, the aim of the present review was to understand the role of oxytocin in the modulation of inflammation occurring in different chronic diseases. The criterion we used to select the diseases was based on the emerging literature showing a putative involvement of the oxytocinergic system in inflammatory processes in a variety of pathologies including neurological, gastrointestinal and cardiovascular disorders, diabetes and obesity. The evidence reviewed here supports a beneficial role of oxytocin in the control of both peripheral and central inflammatory response happening in the aforementioned pathologies. Although future studies are necessary to elucidate the mechanistic details underlying such regulation, this review supports the idea that the modulation of the endogenous oxytocinergic system might represent a new potential pharmacological approach for the treatment of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzia Friuli
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.F.); (B.E.); (M.V.); (C.S.)
| | - Barbara Eramo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.F.); (B.E.); (M.V.); (C.S.)
| | - Marta Valenza
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.F.); (B.E.); (M.V.); (C.S.)
| | - Caterina Scuderi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.F.); (B.E.); (M.V.); (C.S.)
| | - Gustavo Provensi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Pharmacology of Toxicology, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy;
| | - Adele Romano
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.F.); (B.E.); (M.V.); (C.S.)
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Bagyi J, Sripada V, Aidone AM, Lin HY, Ruder EH, Crawford DR. Dietary rational targeting of redox-regulated genes. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 173:19-28. [PMID: 34274490 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Nutrigenomics is the study of how food and associated nutrients affect gene expression. This field sits at the intersection of diet, the genome and health with the ultimate goal of exploiting its understanding to design a precision nutrition strategy for humans. We have studied diet and nutrigenomics in the context of something we call "dietary rational gene targeting." Here, healthy diet is used to alter disease-causing gene expression back toward the normal to treat various diseases and conditions while lowering treatment cost and toxicity. In this paper, we discuss the use of this strategy to modulate the expression of redox-associated genes to improve human health. Most human disorders are associated, at least to some extent, with oxidative stress and so treatments (including diet) that target redox-related genes have major potential clinical significance. Healthy dietary options here are wide-ranging and include whole foods and botanical-based beverages. In some cases, botanical supplements may also be useful gene modulators although their health benefits are less clear. Key redox gene targets for these dietary agents include antioxidant genes, related transcription factors, detoxification genes, and DNA repair genes. Other important considerations include bioavailability, the contribution of the microbiome, and advancing technologies. In this review, specific examples of redox associated genes and pathologies and their potential treatment with healthy diet are presented to illustrate our approach. This will also serve as a foundation for the design of future clinical studies to improve diet-related health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce Bagyi
- Clinical Nutrition, Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Veda Sripada
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Andrea M Aidone
- Clinical Nutrition, Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - H-Y Lin
- Graduate Institute for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Wan Fang Hospital, Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Elizabeth H Ruder
- Wegmans School of Health and Nutrition, College of Health Science and Technology, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, 14620, USA
| | - Dana R Crawford
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, 12208, USA.
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Tabares-Guevara JH, Jaramillo JC, Ospina-Quintero L, Piedrahíta-Ochoa CA, García-Valencia N, Bautista-Erazo DE, Caro-Gómez E, Covián C, Retamal-Díaz A, Duarte LF, González PA, Bueno SM, Riedel CA, Kalergis AM, Ramírez-Pineda JR. IL-10-Dependent Amelioration of Chronic Inflammatory Disease by Microdose Subcutaneous Delivery of a Prototypic Immunoregulatory Small Molecule. Front Immunol 2021; 12:708955. [PMID: 34305950 PMCID: PMC8297659 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.708955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the interventional strategies to reestablish the immune effector/regulatory balance, that is typically altered in chronic inflammatory diseases (CID), is the reinforcement of endogenous immunomodulatory pathways as the one triggered by interleukin (IL)-10. In a recent work, we demonstrated that the subcutaneous (sc) administration of an IL-10/Treg-inducing small molecule-based formulation, using a repetitive microdose (REMID) treatment strategy to preferentially direct the effects to the regional immune system, delays the progression of atherosclerosis. Here we investigated whether the same approach using other IL-10-inducing small molecule, such as the safe, inexpensive, and widely available polyphenol curcumin, could induce a similar protective effect in two different CID models. We found that, in apolipoprotein E deficient mice, sc treatment with curcumin following the REMID strategy induced atheroprotection that was not consequence of its direct systemic lipid-modifying or antioxidant activity, but instead paralleled immunomodulatory effects, such as reduced proatherogenic IFNγ/TNFα-producing cells and increased atheroprotective FOXP3+ Tregs and IL-10-producing dendritic and B cells. Remarkably, when a similar strategy was used in the neuroinflammatory model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), significant clinical and histopathological protective effects were evidenced, and these were related to an improved effector/regulatory cytokine balance in restimulated splenocytes. The essential role of curcumin-induced IL-10 for neuroprotection was confirmed by the complete abrogation of the clinical effects in IL-10-deficient mice. Finally, the translational therapeutic prospection of this strategy was evidenced by the neuroprotection observed in mice starting the treatment one week after disease triggering. Collectively, results demonstrate the power of a simple natural IL-10-inducing small molecule to tackle chronic inflammation, when its classical systemic and direct pharmacological view is shifted towards the targeting of regional immune cells, in order to rationally harness its immunopharmacological potential. This shift implies that many well-known IL-10-inducing small molecules could be easily reformulated and repurposed to develop safe, innovative, and accessible immune-based interventions for CID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge H Tabares-Guevara
- Grupo Inmunomodulación (GIM), Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Corporación Académica para el Estudio de Patologías Tropicales (CAEPT), Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Julio C Jaramillo
- Grupo Inmunomodulación (GIM), Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Corporación Académica para el Estudio de Patologías Tropicales (CAEPT), Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Laura Ospina-Quintero
- Grupo Inmunomodulación (GIM), Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Corporación Académica para el Estudio de Patologías Tropicales (CAEPT), Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Christian A Piedrahíta-Ochoa
- Grupo Inmunomodulación (GIM), Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Corporación Académica para el Estudio de Patologías Tropicales (CAEPT), Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Natalia García-Valencia
- Grupo Inmunomodulación (GIM), Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Corporación Académica para el Estudio de Patologías Tropicales (CAEPT), Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - David E Bautista-Erazo
- Grupo Inmunomodulación (GIM), Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Corporación Académica para el Estudio de Patologías Tropicales (CAEPT), Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Erika Caro-Gómez
- Grupo Inmunomodulación (GIM), Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Corporación Académica para el Estudio de Patologías Tropicales (CAEPT), Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Camila Covián
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Angello Retamal-Díaz
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luisa F Duarte
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo A González
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Susan M Bueno
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudia A Riedel
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexis M Kalergis
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Endocrinología, Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - José R Ramírez-Pineda
- Grupo Inmunomodulación (GIM), Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Corporación Académica para el Estudio de Patologías Tropicales (CAEPT), Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
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Diamond LM, Dehlin AJ, Alley J. Systemic inflammation as a driver of health disparities among sexually-diverse and gender-diverse individuals. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2021; 129:105215. [PMID: 34090051 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Sexually-diverse individuals (those who seek sexual or romantic relationships with the same and/or multiple genders) and gender-diverse individuals (those whose gender identity and/or expression differs from their birth-assigned sex/gender) have disproportionately high physical health problems, but the underlying biological causes for these health disparities remain unclear. Building on the minority stress model linking social stigmatization to health outcomes, we argue that systemic inflammation (the body's primary response to both physical and psychological threats, indicated by inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein and proinflammatory cytokines) is a primary biobehavioral pathway linking sexual and gender stigma to physical health outcomes. Expectations and experiences of social threat (i.e., rejection, shame, and isolation) are widespread and chronic among sexually-diverse and gender-diverse individuals, and social threats are particularly potent drivers of inflammation. We review research suggesting that framing "minority stress" in terms of social safety versus threat, and attending specifically to the inflammatory consequences of these experiences, can advance our understanding of the biobehavioral consequences of sexual and gender stigma and can promote the development of health promoting interventions for this population.
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Mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond: The importance of the vagus nerve for biopsychosocial resilience. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 125:1-10. [PMID: 33582230 PMCID: PMC8106638 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has led to widespread increases in mental health problems, including anxiety and depression. The development of these and other psychiatric disorders may be related to changes in immune, endocrine, autonomic, cognitive, and affective processes induced by a SARS-CoV-2 infection. Interestingly, many of these same changes can be triggered by psychosocial stressors such as social isolation and rejection, which have become increasingly common due to public policies aimed at reducing the spread of SARS-CoV-2. The present review aims to shed light on these issues by describing how viral infections and stress affect mental health. First, we describe the multi-level mechanisms linking viral infection and life stress exposure with risk for psychopathology. Then, we summarize how resilience can be enhanced by targeting vagus nerve function by, for example, applying transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation and targeting lifestyle factors, such as exercise. With these biopsychosocial insights in mind, researchers and healthcare professionals will be better equipped to reduce risk for psychopathology and increase resilience during this challenging pandemic period and beyond.
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Ko W, Lee H, Kim N, Jo HG, Woo ER, Lee K, Han YS, Park SR, Ahn G, Cheong SH, Lee DS. The Anti-Oxidative and Anti-Neuroinflammatory Effects of Sargassum horneri by Heme Oxygenase-1 Induction in BV2 and HT22 Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10060859. [PMID: 34071911 PMCID: PMC8229279 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10060859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sargassum horneri is used as a traditional medicinal agent and exhibits various pharmacological effects. In this study, we found that the 70% EtOH extract contained 34.37 ± 0.75 μg/mg fucosterol. We tested the antioxidant activities of the 70% EtOH extracts and their fractions. The CH2Cl2-soluble fraction showed the strongest DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities. Next, we evaluated the anti-neuroinflammatory effects of S. horneri on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV2 cells. Pretreatment with the extract and fractions suppressed LPS-induced production of nitric oxide (NO) in BV2 cells. The 70% EtOH, CH2Cl2-soluble fraction, and water-soluble fraction inhibited the production of prostaglandin E2, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α, as well as markedly blocking LPS-induced expression of inducible NO synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 via inactivation of the nuclear factor-kappa B pathway. In addition, the CH2Cl2-soluble fraction showed the most remarkable heme oxygenase (HO)-1 expression effects and increased nuclear erythroid 2-related factor translocation in the nucleus. In HT22 cells, the CH2Cl2-soluble fraction inhibited cell damage and ROS production caused by glutamate via the regulation of HO-1. Therefore, CH2Cl2-soluble fractions of S. horneri can attenuate oxidative action and neuroinflammatory responses via HO-1 induction, demonstrating their potential in the treatment of neuroinflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonmin Ko
- Department of Marine Bio-Food Sciences, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Korea; (W.K.); (H.G.J.); (G.A.)
| | - Hwan Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Korea; (H.L.); (N.K.); (E.-R.W.)
| | - Nayeon Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Korea; (H.L.); (N.K.); (E.-R.W.)
| | - Hee Geun Jo
- Department of Marine Bio-Food Sciences, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Korea; (W.K.); (H.G.J.); (G.A.)
| | - Eun-Rhan Woo
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Korea; (H.L.); (N.K.); (E.-R.W.)
| | - Kyounghoon Lee
- Division of Fisheries Science, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Korea;
| | - Young Seok Han
- Neo Environmental Business Co., Daewoo Technopark, Doyak-ro, Bucheon 14523, Korea;
| | - Sang Rul Park
- Estuarine and Coastal Ecology Laboratory, Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea;
| | - Ginnae Ahn
- Department of Marine Bio-Food Sciences, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Korea; (W.K.); (H.G.J.); (G.A.)
| | - Sun Hee Cheong
- Department of Marine Bio-Food Sciences, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Korea; (W.K.); (H.G.J.); (G.A.)
- Correspondence: (S.H.C.); (D.-S.L.); Tel.: +82-62-230-6386 (D.-S.L.); Fax: +82-62-222-5414 (S.H.C.)
| | - Dong-Sung Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Korea; (H.L.); (N.K.); (E.-R.W.)
- Correspondence: (S.H.C.); (D.-S.L.); Tel.: +82-62-230-6386 (D.-S.L.); Fax: +82-62-222-5414 (S.H.C.)
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Human Saliva as a Diagnostic Specimen for Early Detection of Inflammatory Biomarkers by Real-Time RT-PCR. Inflammation 2021; 44:1713-1723. [PMID: 34031776 PMCID: PMC8143742 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-021-01484-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays human saliva is more frequently studied as a non-invasive, stress-free, and preferable diagnostic material than blood. Supporting evidences acknowledge saliva as a mirror that reflects the body’s physical state. Numerous studies have also demonstrated the presence and use of RNA derived from saliva in the early diagnosis of disease by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Assessing the host inflammatory response in patients and its resolution at an early stage can serve as a prognostic and predictive method in determining therapeutic response or disease progression. In this context, the potential of saliva as a specimen to diagnose early inflammatory biomarkers using RT-PCR seems fascinating and useful. Here, we review inflammatory biomarkers within the saliva, focusing on early detection of these biomarkers using RT-PCR and the factors influencing the quality of saliva specimen.
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Nguyen AW, Taylor HO, Lincoln KD, Qin W, Hamler T, Wang F, Mitchell UA. Neighborhood Characteristics and Inflammation among Older Black Americans: The Moderating Effects of Hopelessness and Pessimism. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2021; 77:315-322. [PMID: 33929517 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glab121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research documents the adverse health effects of systemic inflammation. Overall, older Black Americans tend to have higher inflammation than older non-Hispanic white adults. Given that inflammation is related to a range of chronic health problems that disproportionately affect Blacks compared to whites, this racial disparity in inflammation may contribute to racial disparities in particular chronic health problems. Thus, a better understanding of its determinants in the older Black population is of critical importance. This analysis examined the association between neighborhood characteristics and inflammation in a national sample of older non-Hispanic Black Americans. An additional aim of this study was to determine whether hopelessness and pessimism moderates the association between neighborhood characteristics and inflammation. METHODS A sample of older non-Hispanic Black Americans aged 60+ were drawn from the Health and Retirement Study (N=1,004). Neighborhood characteristics included neighborhood physical disadvantage and neighborhood social cohesion. Inflammation was assessed by C-reactive protein (CRP). RESULTS The analyses indicated that neighborhood physical disadvantage and social cohesion were not associated with CRP. Hopelessness and pessimism moderated the association between neighborhood physical disadvantage and CRP. CONCLUSIONS Knowledge regarding the role of hopelessness and pessimism as moderator in the neighborhood-inflammation association can inform cognitive-behavioral interventions targeted at changes in cognition patterns.
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Mughrabi IT, Hickman J, Jayaprakash N, Thompson D, Ahmed U, Papadoyannis ES, Chang YC, Abbas A, Datta-Chaudhuri T, Chang EH, Zanos TP, Lee SC, Froemke RC, Tracey KJ, Welle C, Al-Abed Y, Zanos S. Development and characterization of a chronic implant mouse model for vagus nerve stimulation. eLife 2021; 10:e61270. [PMID: 33821789 PMCID: PMC8051950 DOI: 10.7554/elife.61270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) suppresses inflammation and autoimmune diseases in preclinical and clinical studies. The underlying molecular, neurological, and anatomical mechanisms have been well characterized using acute electrophysiological stimulation of the vagus. However, there are several unanswered mechanistic questions about the effects of chronic VNS, which require solving numerous technical challenges for a long-term interface with the vagus in mice. Here, we describe a scalable model for long-term VNS in mice developed and validated in four research laboratories. We observed significant heart rate responses for at least 4 weeks in 60-90% of animals. Device implantation did not impair vagus-mediated reflexes. VNS using this implant significantly suppressed TNF levels in endotoxemia. Histological examination of implanted nerves revealed fibrotic encapsulation without axonal pathology. This model may be useful to study the physiology of the vagus and provides a tool to systematically investigate long-term VNS as therapy for chronic diseases modeled in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim T Mughrabi
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell HealthManhassetUnited States
| | - Jordan Hickman
- Departments of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraUnited States
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraUnited States
| | - Naveen Jayaprakash
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell HealthManhassetUnited States
| | - Dane Thompson
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell HealthManhassetUnited States
- The Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular MedicineManhassetUnited States
| | - Umair Ahmed
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell HealthManhassetUnited States
| | - Eleni S Papadoyannis
- Skirball Institute for Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York UniversityNew YorkUnited States
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Neuroscience Institute, Center for Neural Science, New York University School of Medicine, New York UniversityNew YorkUnited States
- Department of Otolaryngology, New York University School of Medicine, New York UniversityNew YorkUnited States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute Faculty Scholar, New York University School of Medicine, New York UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Yao-Chuan Chang
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell HealthManhassetUnited States
| | - Adam Abbas
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell HealthManhassetUnited States
| | - Timir Datta-Chaudhuri
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell HealthManhassetUnited States
| | - Eric H Chang
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell HealthManhassetUnited States
| | - Theodoros P Zanos
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell HealthManhassetUnited States
| | - Sunhee C Lee
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell HealthManhassetUnited States
| | - Robert C Froemke
- Skirball Institute for Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York UniversityNew YorkUnited States
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Neuroscience Institute, Center for Neural Science, New York University School of Medicine, New York UniversityNew YorkUnited States
- Department of Otolaryngology, New York University School of Medicine, New York UniversityNew YorkUnited States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute Faculty Scholar, New York University School of Medicine, New York UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Kevin J Tracey
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell HealthManhassetUnited States
| | - Cristin Welle
- Departments of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraUnited States
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraUnited States
| | - Yousef Al-Abed
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell HealthManhassetUnited States
| | - Stavros Zanos
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell HealthManhassetUnited States
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N-acetyl-chitooligosaccharide attenuates inflammatory responses by suppression of NF-κB signaling, MAPK and NLRP3 inflammasome in macrophages. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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Shields GS, Deer LK, Hastings PD, Hostinar CE. Adiposity, Inflammation, and Working Memory: Evidence for a Vicious Cycle. Brain Behav Immun Health 2021; 13. [PMID: 33899030 PMCID: PMC8061900 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2021.100202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Overweight and obesity constitute the fifth leading cause of preventable deaths worldwide. One pathway through which excess weight contributes to poor health outcomes is via inflammatory activity and changes in cognitive processes. Prior theory has proposed a vicious cycle whereby obesity potentiates inflammatory activity, which alters cognitive processes such as working memory, which in turn leads to a reduced ability to self-regulate and therefore manage weight. However, to date no longitudinal studies have examined this potential dynamic. In the current study, we addressed this gap by assessing the relations among fat mass, C-reactive protein (CRP), and working memory across time in a large sample of 8536 children followed through adolescence in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children in the United Kingdom. Adiposity was quantified via dual emission x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) at ages 9 and 15.5 years old, and inflammatory activity was indexed via circulating serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels assessed with a high-sensitivity assay at those same ages. Working memory was assessed between these two time points, at age 10, permitting examination of the temporal relations between working memory, adiposity, and inflammatory activity. As hypothesized, we found that fat mass predicted later poor working memory, and this association was statistically mediated by CRP. Further, we found that poor working memory predicted greater subsequent fat mass and CRP, and the link between working memory and subsequent CRP was partially mediated by fat mass. These results thus could be taken to suggest the existence of a vicious cycle of mutually amplifying adiposity, inflammatory activity, and poor working memory over time. Adiposity and inflammatory activity (CRP) was measured at ages 9 and 15.5 yrs. Working memory was assessed at age 10 yrs. Adiposity predicted working memory, and this association was mediated by CRP. Working memory predicted later adiposity and CRP, this was mediated by adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant S. Shields
- Center for Mind and Brain, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
| | - LillyBelle K. Deer
- Center for Mind and Brain, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Paul D. Hastings
- Center for Mind and Brain, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Camelia E. Hostinar
- Center for Mind and Brain, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
- Corresponding author. Center for Mind and Brain, University of California, Davis, CA, United States.
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Shields GS, Spahr CM, Slavich GM. Psychosocial Interventions and Immune System Function: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials. JAMA Psychiatry 2020; 77:1031-1043. [PMID: 32492090 PMCID: PMC7272116 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2020.0431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Recent estimates suggest that more than 50% of all deaths worldwide are currently attributable to inflammation-related diseases. Psychosocial interventions may represent a potentially useful strategy for addressing this global public health problem, but which types of interventions reliably improve immune system function, under what conditions, and for whom are unknown. OBJECTIVE To address this issue, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) in which we estimated associations between 8 different psychosocial interventions and 7 markers of immune system function, and examined 9 potential moderating factors. DATA SOURCES PubMed, Scopus, PsycInfo, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases were systematically searched from February 1, 2017, to December 31, 2018, for all relevant RCTs published through December 31, 2018. STUDY SELECTION Eligible RCTs included a psychosocial intervention, immune outcome, and preintervention and postintervention immunologic assessments. Studies were independently examined by 2 investigators. Of 4621 studies identified, 62 were eligible and 56 included. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Data were extracted and analyzed from January 1, 2019, to July 29, 2019. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guideline was followed. Data were extracted by 2 investigators who were blind to study hypotheses and analyses, and were then analyzed using robust variance estimation. Analysis included 8 psychosocial interventions (behavior therapy, cognitive therapy, cognitive behavior therapy [CBT], CBT plus additive treatment or mode of delivery that augmented the CBT, bereavement or supportive therapy, multiple or combined interventions, other psychotherapy, and psychoeducation), 7 immune outcomes (proinflammatory cytokine or marker levels, anti-inflammatory cytokine levels, antibody levels, immune cell counts, natural killer cell activity, viral load, and other immune outcomes), and 9 moderating factors (intervention type, intervention format, intervention length, immune marker type, basal vs stimulated markers, immune marker measurement timing, disease state or reason for treatment, age, and sex). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary a priori outcomes were pretest-posttest-control (ppc) group effect sizes (ppc g) for the 7 immunologic outcomes investigated. RESULTS Across 56 RCTs and 4060 participants, psychosocial interventions were associated with enhanced immune system function (ppc g = 0.30, 95% CI, 0.21-0.40; t50.9 = 6.22; P < .001). Overall, being randomly assigned to a psychosocial intervention condition vs a control condition was associated with a 14.7% (95% CI, 5.7%-23.8%) improvement in beneficial immune system function and an 18.0% (95% CI, 7.2%-28.8%) decrease in harmful immune system function over time. These associations persisted for at least 6 months following treatment and were robust across age, sex, and intervention duration. These associations were most reliable for CBT (ppc g = 0.33, 95% CI, 0.19-0.47; t27.2 = 4.82; P < .001) and multiple or combined interventions (ppc g = 0.52, 95% CI, 0.17-0.88; t5.7 = 3.63; P = .01), and for studies that assessed proinflammatory cytokines or markers (ppc g = 0.33, 95% CI, 0.19-0.48; t25.6 = 4.70; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE These findings suggest that psychosocial interventions are reliably associated with enhanced immune system function and may therefore represent a viable strategy for improving immune-related health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chandler M. Spahr
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California
| | - George M. Slavich
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology and Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles
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Slavich GM, Shields GS, Deal BD, Gregory A, Toussaint LL. Alleviating Social Pain: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Forgiveness and Acetaminophen. Ann Behav Med 2020; 53:1045-1054. [PMID: 31050715 DOI: 10.1093/abm/kaz015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research has suggested that physical pain (e.g., caused by injury) and social pain (e.g., caused by social rejection) are modulated by some of the same biological systems. Consequently, it is possible that acetaminophen, which is commonly used to alleviate physical pain through neurochemical pathways, may have social pain-relieving effects that interact with forgiveness, which reduces social pain through psychological pathways. To date, however, only a few studies have examined how experiences of social pain change over time, and none have examined how acetaminophen and forgiveness interact to influence these effects. PURPOSE We addressed these issues by investigating how acetaminophen administration and daily forgiveness are associated with experiences of social pain over 21 days. We hypothesized that acetaminophen-related reductions in social pain across the 21-day study period would be greatest on days following high levels of forgiveness. METHOD To test this hypothesis, we conducted a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial in which we randomly assigned 42 healthy young adults to an acetaminophen condition (1,000 mg of acetaminophen daily), placebo-control condition (400 mg of potassium daily), or empty-control (no pill) condition. We then assessed their levels of forgiveness and social pain for 20 consecutive days. RESULTS As hypothesized, acetaminophen reduced participants' social pain levels over time but only for those exhibiting high levels of forgiveness (i.e., 18.5% reduction in social pain over 20 days). CONCLUSIONS These data are the first to show that forgiveness and acetaminophen have interactive effects on experiences of social pain, which is one of the most common and impactful of all human experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- George M Slavich
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology and Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Grant S Shields
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Bailey D Deal
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Amy Gregory
- Department of Psychology, Luther College, Decorah, IA, USA
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[Looking into international journals]. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PSYCHOSOMATISCHE MEDIZIN UND PSYCHOTHERAPIE 2020; 66:302-305. [PMID: 32876556 DOI: 10.13109/zptm.2020.66.3.302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Demmig-Adams B, López-Pozo M, Stewart JJ, Adams WW. Zeaxanthin and Lutein: Photoprotectors, Anti-Inflammatories, and Brain Food. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25163607. [PMID: 32784397 PMCID: PMC7464891 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25163607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This review compares and contrasts the role of carotenoids across the taxa of life—with a focus on the xanthophyll zeaxanthin (and its structural isomer lutein) in plants and humans. Xanthophylls’ multiple protective roles are summarized, with attention to the similarities and differences in the roles of zeaxanthin and lutein in plants versus animals, as well as the role of meso-zeaxanthin in humans. Detail is provided on the unique control of zeaxanthin function in photosynthesis, that results in its limited availability in leafy vegetables and the human diet. The question of an optimal dietary antioxidant supply is evaluated in the context of the dual roles of both oxidants and antioxidants, in all vital functions of living organisms, and the profound impact of individual and environmental context.
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Slavich GM. Social Safety Theory: A Biologically Based Evolutionary Perspective on Life Stress, Health, and Behavior. Annu Rev Clin Psychol 2020; 16:265-295. [PMID: 32141764 PMCID: PMC7213777 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032816-045159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Social Safety Theory hypothesizes that developing and maintaining friendly social bonds is a fundamental organizing principle of human behavior and that threats to social safety are a critical feature of psychological stressors that increase risk for disease. Central to this formulation is the fact that the human brain and immune system are principally designed to keep the body biologically safe, which they do by continually monitoring and responding to social, physical, and microbial threats in the environment. Because situations involving social conflict, isolation, devaluation, rejection, and exclusion historically increased risk for physical injury and infection, anticipatory neural-immune reactivity to social threat was likely highly conserved. This neurocognitive and immunologic ability for humans to symbolically represent and respond to potentially dangerous social situations is ultimately critical for survival. When sustained, however, this multilevel biological threat response can increase individuals' risk for viral infections and several inflammation-related disease conditions that dominate present-day morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- George M Slavich
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology and Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-7076, USA;
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Slavich GM, Giletta M, Helms SW, Hastings PD, Rudolph KD, Nock MK, Prinstein MJ. Interpersonal life stress, inflammation, and depression in adolescence: Testing Social Signal Transduction Theory of Depression. Depress Anxiety 2020; 37:179-193. [PMID: 31995664 PMCID: PMC7000138 DOI: 10.1002/da.22987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression rates increase markedly for girls across the adolescent transition, but the social-environmental and biological processes underlying this phenomenon remain unclear. To address this issue, we tested a key hypothesis from Social Signal Transduction Theory of Depression, which posits that individuals who mount stronger inflammatory responses to social stress should exhibit greater increases in depressive symptoms following interpersonal life stress exposure than those who mount weaker inflammatory responses to such stress. METHOD Participants were 116 adolescent girls (Mage = 14.71) at risk for psychopathology, defined as having a history of mental health concerns (e.g., psychiatric treatment, significant symptoms) over the past 2 years. At baseline, we characterized their inflammatory reactivity to social stress by quantifying their salivary proinflammatory cytokine responses to a laboratory-based social stressor. Then, 9 months later, we assessed the interpersonal and noninterpersonal stressful life events that they experienced over the prior 9 months using an interview-based measure of life stress. RESULTS As hypothesized, greater interpersonal life stress exposure was associated with significant increases in depression over time, but only for girls exhibiting stronger salivary tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β reactivity to social stress. In contrast, noninterpersonal stress exposure was unrelated to changes in depression longitudinally, both alone and when combined with youths' cytokine reactivity scores. DISCUSSION These results are consistent with Social Signal Transduction Theory of Depression and suggest that heightened inflammatory reactivity to social stress may increase adolescents' risk for depression. Consequently, it may be possible to reduce depression risk by modifying inflammatory responses to social stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- George M. Slavich
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology and Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA,Correspondence: George M. Slavich, Ph.D., Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, University of California, Los Angeles, UCLA Medical Plaza 300, Room 3156, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7076, USA.
| | - Matteo Giletta
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Sarah W. Helms
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Paul D. Hastings
- Center for Mind & Brain and Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Karen D. Rudolph
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Matthew K. Nock
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mitchell J. Prinstein
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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