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Pu C, Liu Y, Ma J, Hou L, Cheng Y, Zhang B, Wang B, Wang A, Zhang C. Bisphenol S exposed changes in intestinal microflora and metabolomics of freshwater crayfish, Procambarus clarkii. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2024; 272:106957. [PMID: 38772067 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.106957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Bisphenol S (BPS), a typical endocrine-disrupting chemical (EDC), can cause hepatopancreas damage and intestinal flora disturbance. Comprehensive studies on the mechanisms of acute toxicity in crustaceans are lacking. In this study, 16S rRNA and liquid chromatography were used to investigate intestinal microbiota and metabolites of freshwater crayfish (Procambarus clarkii). In this study, freshwater crayfish were exposed to BPS (10 µg/L and 100 µg/L). The results showed a significant decrease in catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities after exposure to BPS, which inhibited the Nrf2-Keap1 signaling pathway and induced oxidative stress toxicity in freshwater crayfish. In addition, BPS exposure induced the structural changes of intestinal microbial in the freshwater crayfish, showing different patterns of effects. The number of potentially pathogenic bacteria increased, such as Citrobacter, Hafnia-Obesumbacterium, and RsaHf231. A total of 128 different metabolites were analyzed by LC-MS/MS. The inositol and leukotriene (LT) contents in the hepatopancreas of freshwater crayfish were significantly decreased after 10 µg/L BPS exposure, which in turn led to the accumulation of lipids causing hepatopancreas damage. In conclusion, when the concentration of BPS in the water environment exceeded 10 µg/L, the freshwater crayfish intestinal microbiota was dysbiosis and the hepatopancreas metabolism was disturbed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changchang Pu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyi Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianshuang Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lixiao Hou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinfeng Cheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Boyang Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingke Wang
- Henan Academy of Fishery Sciences, Zhengzhou 450044, People's Republic of China
| | - Aimin Wang
- College of Marine and Bioengineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunnuan Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Satheeshkumar A, Duraimurugan R, Parthipan P, Sathishkumar K, AlSalhi MS, Devanesan S, Rajamohan R, Rajasekar A, Malik T. Integrated Electrochemical Oxidation and Biodegradation for Remediation of a Neonicotinoid Insecticide Pollutant. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:15239-15250. [PMID: 38585078 PMCID: PMC10993376 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c09749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
A novel integrated electrochemical oxidation (EO) and bacterial degradation (BD) technique was employed for the remediation of the chloropyridinyl and chlorothiazolyl classes of neonicotinoid (NEO) insecticides in the environment. Imidacloprid (IM), clothianidin (CL), acetamiprid (AC), and thiamethoxam (TH) were chosen as the target NEOs. Pseudomonas oleovorans SA2, identified through 16S rRNA gene analysis, exhibited the potential for BD. In EO, for the selected NEOs, the total percentage of chemical oxygen demand (COD) was noted in a range of 58-69%, respectively. Subsequently, in the biodegradation of EO-treated NEOs (BEO) phase, a higher percentage (80%) of total organic carbon removal was achieved. The optimum concentration of NEOs was found to be 200 ppm (62%) for EO, while for BEO, the COD efficiency was increased up to 79%. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy confirms that the heterocyclic group and aromatic ring were degraded in the EO and further utilized by SA2. Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy indicated up to 96% degradation of IM and other NEOs in BD (BEO) compared to that of EO (73%). New intermediate molecules such as silanediamine, 1,1-dimethyl-n,n'-diphenyl produced during the EO process served as carbon sources for bacterial growth and further mineralized. As a result, BEO enhanced the removal of NEOs with a higher efficiency of COD and a lower consumption of energy. The removal efficiency of the NEOs by the integrated approach was achieved in the order of AC > CL > IM > TH. This synergistic EO and BD approach holds promise for the efficient detoxification of NEOs from polluted environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azhagarsamy Satheeshkumar
- Environmental
Molecular Microbiology Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Thiruvalluvar University, Serkkadu, Vellore 632115, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramanathan Duraimurugan
- Environmental
Molecular Microbiology Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Thiruvalluvar University, Serkkadu, Vellore 632115, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Punniyakotti Parthipan
- Department
of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu, Kattankulathur 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kuppusamy Sathishkumar
- Center
for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals,
Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University Chennai, 602105, India
| | - Mohamad S. AlSalhi
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box- 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sandhanasamy Devanesan
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box- 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rajaram Rajamohan
- Organic Materials
Synthesis Lab, School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan-si 38541, Republic
of Korea
| | - Aruliah Rajasekar
- Environmental
Molecular Microbiology Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Thiruvalluvar University, Serkkadu, Vellore 632115, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Tabarak Malik
- Adjunct
Faculty, Division of Research & Development, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India
- Department
of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma 378, Ethiopia
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3
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Pu C, Liu Y, Ma J, Li J, Sun R, Zhou Y, Wang B, Wang A, Zhang C. The effects of bisphenol S exposure on the growth, physiological and biochemical indices, and ecdysteroid receptor gene expression in red swamp crayfish, Procambarus clarkii. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2024; 276:109811. [PMID: 38061619 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2023.109811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of Bisphenol S (BPS) on growth, physiological and biochemical indices, and the expression of ecdysteroid receptor (ECR) of the red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii). The gene encoding ECR was isolated from red swamp crayfish by homologous cloning and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). The ECR transcripts were 1757 bp long and encoded proteins of 576 amino acids. The quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis showed that the ECR gene was expressed in various tissues under normal conditions, and the highest level was observed in the ovary and the lowest level was observed in the muscle (P < 0.05). Then, the experiment was designed with four different BPS concentrations (0, 1, 10, and 100 μg/L), BPS exposure for 14 days, three parallel groups, and a total of 240 red swamp crayfish. At 100 μg/L BPS, the survival rate, weight gain rate, and relative length rate were decreased significantly (P < 0.05). Malonaldehyde (MDA) content reached the highest level at 100 μg/L BPS. When BPS concentration was higher than 10 μg/L, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were significantly lower than those of the control group (P < 0.05). The expression levels of the ECR gene in ovary, intestinal, gill, and hepatopancreas tissues were significantly increased after BPS exposure (P < 0.05). The ECR gene expression in ovaries and Y-organs was significantly higher than other groups in 10 μg/L BPS (P < 0.05). The expressions of the tumor necrosis factor -α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) genes in the hepatopancreas gradually increased, and the highest expression was observed exposed in 100 μg/L BPS (P < 0.05). This research will provide novel insights into the health risk assessment of BPS in aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changchang Pu
- Laboratory of Aquatic Environment and Animal Safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Yuanyi Liu
- Laboratory of Aquatic Environment and Animal Safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Jianshuang Ma
- Laboratory of Aquatic Environment and Animal Safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Jiajin Li
- Laboratory of Aquatic Environment and Animal Safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Ruyi Sun
- Laboratory of Aquatic Environment and Animal Safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Laboratory of Aquatic Environment and Animal Safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Bingke Wang
- Henan Academy of Fishery Sciences, Zhengzhou 450044, China
| | - Aimin Wang
- Institute of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Marine and Bioengineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Chunnuan Zhang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Environment and Animal Safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China.
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Chris DI, Wokeh OK, Téllez-Isaías G, Kari ZA, Azra MN. Ecotoxicity of commonly used oilfield-based emulsifiers on Guinean Tilapia ( Tilapia guineensis) using histopathology and behavioral alterations as protocol. Sci Prog 2024; 107:368504241231663. [PMID: 38490166 PMCID: PMC10943731 DOI: 10.1177/00368504241231663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
This study examined the histological aberrations in the gill and liver tissues and behavioural changes of Tilapia guineensis fingerlings exposed to lethal concentrations of used Oilfield-based emulsifiers for 96 h. Various concentrations of the surfactants were tested, ranging from 0.0 to 15.0 ml/L. The behaviour of the fish was observed throughout the experiment, and the results showed that increasing concentrations of the surfactants led to progressively abnormal behaviour, including hyperventilation and altered opercular beat frequency. These behavioural changes indicated respiratory distress and neurotoxic effects. Histological analysis revealed structural aberrations in the gill and liver tissues, with higher concentrations causing more severe damage, such as lesions, necrosis, inflammation, and cellular degeneration. This implies that surfactants released even at low concentrations are capable of inducing changes in the tissues of aquatic organisms. These findings highlight the toxic effects of the surfactants on fish health and provide biomarkers of toxicity. Future research should focus on understanding the specific mechanisms and long-term consequences of surfactant toxicity on fish genetic composition, populations, and ecosystems to implement effective conservation measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davies Ibienebo Chris
- World Bank Africa Centre of Excellence, Centre for Oilfield Chemicals Research, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Rivers State, Nigeria
- Department of Fisheries, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Rivers State, Nigeria
| | - Okechukwu Kenneth Wokeh
- Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Rivers State, Nigeria
| | | | - Zulhisyam Abdul Kari
- Department of Agricultural Science, Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Nor Azra
- Institute of Climate Adaptation and Marine Biotechnology (ICAMB), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT), Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
- Research Center for Marine and Land Bioindustry (Earth Sciences and Maritime), National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Pemenang, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia
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5
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Stahlschmidt ZR, Choi J, Choy B, Perez PL, Whitlock J. A simulated heat wave-but not herbicide exposure-alters resource investment strategy in an insect. J Therm Biol 2023; 116:103670. [PMID: 37536102 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2023.103670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Animals are increasingly exposed to potential stressors related to environmental change, and multiple stressors may alter the dynamics by which animals acquire resources and invest those resources into important life-history traits. Stress may lead to the prioritization of current reproduction to maximize lifetime reproduction (i.e., terminal investment [TI]) or, in contrast, prioritize somatic investment over current reproduction to facilitate future reproductive opportunities (i.e., reproductive restraint [RR]). Tests of the TI and RR hypotheses typically use immune challenges as stressors, and have not been explicitly tested in the context of environmental change even though warming influences resource allocation patterns across taxa. Further, the multiple-stressor framework has been a useful construct to clarify the costs of complex environmental shifts to animals, but it has not been leveraged to understand such effects on investment strategy. Thus, we tested the TI and RR hypotheses by manipulating widespread features of environmental change-glyphosate-based herbicide (GBH; Roundup®) exposure and a simulated heat wave-in the variable field cricket (Gryllus lineaticeps). A simulated heat wave affected the life-history tradeoff between investment into reproduction and soma. Specifically, heat wave prioritized investment into ovary mass over non-reproductive tissue, even after accounting for food consumption, in support of the TI hypothesis. In contrast, GBH exposure did not affect any measured trait, and crickets did not discriminate between tap water and GBH solution during drinking. Therefore, some-but not all-aspects of environmental change may alter resource investment strategies in animals. We encourage continued integration of the multiple-stressor framework and life-history theory to better understand how animals respond to their rapidly changing environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z R Stahlschmidt
- University of the Pacific, 3601 Pacific Ave., Stockton, CA, 95211, USA.
| | - J Choi
- University of the Pacific, 3601 Pacific Ave., Stockton, CA, 95211, USA
| | - B Choy
- University of the Pacific, 3601 Pacific Ave., Stockton, CA, 95211, USA
| | - P L Perez
- University of the Pacific, 3601 Pacific Ave., Stockton, CA, 95211, USA
| | - J Whitlock
- University of the Pacific, 3601 Pacific Ave., Stockton, CA, 95211, USA
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6
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Meng QY, Kang CQ, Dang W, Melvin SD, Lu HL. Minor metabolomic disturbances induced by glyphosate-isopropylammonium exposure at environmentally relevant concentrations in an aquatic turtle, Pelodiscus sinensis. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 256:106415. [PMID: 36746075 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The ecotoxicological and environmental impacts of glyphosate-based herbicides have received considerable attention due to their extensive use globally. However, the potential for adverse effects in cultured non-fish vertebrate species are commonly ignored. In this study, effects on growth, indicators of functional performance, gut microbial diversity, liver antioxidant responses and metabolite profiles were evaluated in soft-shelled turtle hatchlings (Pelodiscus sinensis) exposed to different concentrations of glyphosate-isopropylammonium (0, 0.02, 0.2, 2 and 20 mg/L). No significant changes in growth or functional performance (food intake, swimming speed), gut microbiota, and liver antioxidant responses (SOD and CAT activities, MDA content) were observed in exposed turtles. However, hepatic metabolite profiles revealed distinct perturbations that primarily involved amino acid metabolism in turtles exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations. Overall, our results suggested that metabolite profiles may be more sensitive than phenotypic or general physiological endpoints and gut microbiota profiling, and indicate a potential mechanism of hepatotoxicity caused by glyphosate-isopropylammonium based on untargeted metabolomics analysis. Furthermore, the toxicity of glyphosate at environmentally relevant concentrations might be relatively minor in aquatic turtle species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin-Yuan Meng
- Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Chun-Quan Kang
- Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Wei Dang
- Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Steven D Melvin
- Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Hong-Liang Lu
- Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China.
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7
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Mo B, Li J, Liao G, Wang L, Fan L. Toxic effects of glyphosate on histopathology and intestinal microflora of juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 255:106399. [PMID: 36680893 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate is a widely used broad-spectrum herbicide, its pollution to the surrounding conditions can't be ignored. It has been reported that glyphosate has poisonous impacts on aquatic animals. In this study, juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei (L. vannamei) was exposed to glyphosate, and the lethal concentration 50 (LC50) of glyphosate to juvenile L. vannamei for 48 h was 47.6 mg/L. The histological analysis for intestine and hepatopancreas and the intestinal microorganisms of L. vannamei were evaluated after 48 h of exposure to glyphosate with LC50. The histological analysis results showed that the lumen of hepatic tubules was diffused and deformed, the hepatic tubules were ruptured and intestinal villi were fallen off seriously after exposure to glyphosate for 48 h Moreover, the intestinal microbial composition and structure of L. vannamei were changed, with the abundance of Alphaproteobacteria increased significantly. The abundance of Rhodobacteraceae, Vibrio and Legionella increased, but there was no significant difference. The abundance of Bacillus, Paraburkholderia, Enhydrobacter, Comamonas and Alkanindiges decreased significantly. However, the homeostasis of intestinal microorganisms was destroyed. Phenotypic prediction of the two groups of microorganisms revealed a significant increase in the abundance of Facultatively Anaerobic in the glyphosate challenged group. This study suggested that hepatopancreas and intestinal tissue of L. vannamei were seriously damaged after 48 h of exposure to glyphosate with LC50, and intestinal microbial homeostasis was disrupted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binhua Mo
- College of Marine Sciences, University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jingping Li
- College of Marine Sciences, University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Guowei Liao
- College of Marine Sciences, University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering (IMASE), South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China.
| | - Lanfen Fan
- College of Marine Sciences, University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Research Center for Green Development of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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8
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Glyphosate-based herbicide (GBH) causes damage in embryo-larval stages of zebrafish (Danio rerio). Neurotoxicol Teratol 2023; 95:107147. [PMID: 36493994 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2022.107147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Glyphosate-Based Herbicides (GBH) show risks to the environment and also to aquatic organisms, such as fish. The present work aimed to evaluate the effects of GBH and Pure Glyphosate (PG) exposure on Danio rerio embryos at drinking water concentrations. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to 250, 500, and 1000 μg L-1 of Roundup Original DI® and pure glyphosate for 96 h. Glyphosate concentration in water, parameters physicochemical water, survival, hatching rate, heart rate, malformations, behavior, and biomarkers were evaluated. We verified that at 6 h post-fertilization (hpf), animals exposed to GBH 500 showed decreased survival as compared to the control. The hatching rate increased in all groups exposed to GBH at 48 hpf as compared to the control group. The embryos exposed did not present changes in the spontaneous movement and touch response. Exposed groups to GBH demonstrated a higher number of malformations in fish embryos as compared to the control. Most malformations were: pericardial edema, yolk sac edema, body malformations, and curvature of the spine. In heart rate, bradycardia occurred in groups exposed, as predicted due to cardiac abnormalities. As biochemical endpoints, we observed a decrease in Glutathione S-transferase (GBH 250, GBH 500 and PG 250) and Acetylcholinesterase (GBH 250 and PG 250) activity. No differences were found between the groups in the concentration of protein, Total Antioxidant Capacity Against Peroxyl Radicals, Lipid peroxidation, Reactive Oxygen Species, Non-protein thiols, and Catalase. In conclusion, the damage in all evaluated stages of development was aggravated by survival and malformations. Therefore, the large-scale use of GBHs, coupled with the permissiveness of its presence could be the cause damage to the aquatic environment affecting the embryonic development of non-target organisms.
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Ames J, Miragem AA, Cordeiro MF, Cerezer FO, Loro VL. Effects of glyphosate on zebrafish: a systematic review and meta-analysis. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 31:1189-1204. [PMID: 36065034 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-022-02581-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate herbicide is widely used in worldwide crop production. Consequently, its active ingredient, surfactants, and adjuvants commonly reach the aquatic ecosystem, thereby harming the biota. An investigation into how this herbicide affects aquatic species is important, especially in fish, as they have the ability to absorb and concentrate toxins. We aimed to evaluate the effects of glyphosate on the embryonic, larval and adult stages of zebrafish (Danio rerio), an appreciable organismal model. In this sense, we performed a meta-analysis using published articles from online databases (PubMed and ScienceDirect), which covered studies published until 2022. From a massive compilation of studies evaluating the effects of active substance glyphosate and Glyphosate-Based Herbicides (GBH) on zebrafish, we selected 36 studies used in downstream analyses. Overall, we report that glyphosate affects developmental stages and demonstrates toxicity and damage in zebrafish. We observed that embryos exposed to glyphosate exhibit increased mortality. There was also an increase in the number of morphological abnormalities related to yolk sac oedema, pericardial oedema, spinal curvature and body malformations, and a decrease in body size was observed. Furthermore, there was a decrease in the number of beats. The biochemical results demonstrated an increase in reactive oxygen species and antioxidant capacity against peroxyl radicals in the gills. The literature shows that glyphosate decreased the distance covered and the mean speed of the animals and increased the number of rotations. We concluded that glyphosate causes damage in the embryonic, larval and adult stages of this species. These results are valid for zebrafish and can be applied to other freshwater fish species. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaíne Ames
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
- Laboratório de Análises Biológicas, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Farroupilha, Santa Rosa, RS, 98787-740, Brazil
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Aquática, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Antônio Azambuja Miragem
- Laboratório de Análises Biológicas, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Farroupilha, Santa Rosa, RS, 98787-740, Brazil
| | - Marcos Freitas Cordeiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências e Saúde, Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina, Joaçaba, SC, Brazil
| | - Felipe Osmari Cerezer
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Animal, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Vania Lucia Loro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Análises Biológicas, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Farroupilha, Santa Rosa, RS, 98787-740, Brazil.
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10
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Sun Y, Yuan C, Cui Q. Acute toxic effects of thiamethoxam on Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:63512-63519. [PMID: 35460484 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20294-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The information about toxic effects of thiamethoxam on non-target aquatic organisms is still incomplete. The semi-static toxicity test method was used to investigate the acute toxic effects of thiamethoxam on Eriocheir sinensis. The results showed that the median lethal concentration (LC50) of thiamethoxam to E. sinensis at 96 h was 510 μg/L, and the safety concentration (SC) was 51 μg/L. After 96 h exposure to thiamethoxam, the survival rates of crabs at concentrations of 0, 151.11, 226.67, 340, and 510 μg/L were 100%, 76.19%, 64.29%, 61.91%, and 46.43%, respectively. A significant (P < 0.05) decrease of the number of hemocytes was observed in thiamethoxam groups. With the increase of thiamethoxam concentration, the phagocytic activity of hemocytes, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), and the activities of protease, amylase, and lipase of crabs increased firstly and then decreased, and the above indexes reached the maximum in 151.11 μg/L thiamethoxam group. Collectively, a high concentration of thiamethoxam (510 μg/L) had a great effect on the gene expression of immune metabolism-related factors in hepatopancreas and gill of crabs. These findings indicated that thiamethoxam exposure had the ability to impair immune and metabolic systems and resulted in the reduction of survival rate of crabs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Sun
- College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Chunying Yuan
- College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China.
| | - Qingman Cui
- College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
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11
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van Rensburg GJ, Wepener V, Horn S, Greenfield R. Oxidative stress in the freshwater shrimp Caridina africana following exposure to atrazine. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2022; 109:443-449. [PMID: 35476078 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-022-03526-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The toxicity of pesticides to non-target organisms continues to be important in understanding the dynamic interactions between anthropogenic chemicals and ecosystem health. This study assesses biochemical markers to determine the effects that varying concentrations of atrazine (13.1-5557 µg/l) have on the freshwater shrimp, Caridina africana. Exposure and oxidative stress biomarkers were analysed and followed by univariate, integrated biomarker response v2 (IBRv2) and Kendall Tau correlation statistical analyses, to gain insight into the concentration-dependent responses. Oxidative stress biomarkers such as reduced glutathione content (GSH), glutathione-S-transferase activity (GST), superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) and catalase activity (CAT) were significantly correlated with increasing atrazine exposure concentration (p < 0.01). Bimodality has been seen when looking at both the univariate statistically significant differences as well as the IBRv2, with the first peak at 106.8 µg/l and the second peak at 5557 µg/l atrazine. The results indicate that while individual responses may indicate statistically significant differences, using correlation and integrated statistical analysis can shed light on trends in the adaptive response of these.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregg J van Rensburg
- Department of Zoology, Kingsway Campus, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 524, 2006, Auckland Park, South Africa
| | - Victor Wepener
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Science and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Suranie Horn
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Science and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
- Environment & Health Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC), 7505, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Richard Greenfield
- Department of Zoology, Kingsway Campus, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 524, 2006, Auckland Park, South Africa.
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12
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Telahigue K, Rabeh I, Mhadhbi L, Nechi S, Chelbi E, Ben Ali M, Hedfi A, Al-Harbi MS, Hajji T. Glyphosate exposure modulates lipid composition, histo-architecture and oxidative stress status and induces neurotoxicity in the smooth scallop Flexopecten glaber. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 184:105099. [PMID: 35715038 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2022.105099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate is the most sprayed pesticide across the globe. Its toxicity to non-target marine organisms has recently piqued the scientific community's interest. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the potentially toxic effects of glyphosate on scallops, an ecologically and economically important bivalve group. To do that, specimens of the smooth scallop Flexopecten glaber were exposed to different concentrations (10, 100, and 1000 μg L-1) of the technical-grade glyphosate acid (GLY) for 96 h. The detrimental effects of this pollutant were assayed at cellular and tissular levels. The obtained results showed that the GLY was able to induce oxidative stress in the gills and the digestive gland of F. glaber as revealed by the enhanced hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), protein carbonyls (PCO), malondialdehyde (MDA), and lipid peroxides (LOOH) levels and the altered antioxidant defense system (the glutathione GSH content and the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity). Additionally, GLY was found to alter the fatty acid profile, to exert a neurotoxic effect through the inhibition of the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, and to provoke several histopathological damages in the two organs studied. The obtained results revealed that the pure form of GLY may exert toxic effects on F. glaber even at relatively low concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaoula Telahigue
- Lab. of Ecology, Biology and Physiology of Aquatic Organisms (LR18ES41), Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Imen Rabeh
- Lab. of Ecology, Biology and Physiology of Aquatic Organisms (LR18ES41), Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Lazhar Mhadhbi
- Lab. of Ecology, Biology and Physiology of Aquatic Organisms (LR18ES41), Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Salwa Nechi
- Anatomy and Cytology Service, CHU Mohamed Taher Maamouri hospital, University Tunis El Manar, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Emna Chelbi
- Anatomy and Cytology Service, CHU Mohamed Taher Maamouri hospital, University Tunis El Manar, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Manel Ben Ali
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amor Hedfi
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad S Al-Harbi
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tarek Hajji
- Lab. Of Biotechnology and Valorization fo Bio-GeResources (LR11ES31), Higher Institute of Biotechnology - Sidi Thabet, Biotechpole Sidi Thabet, University Manouba, 2020 Ariana, Tunisia
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13
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Potential Risks of Microplastic Fomites to Aquatic Organisms with Special Emphasis on Polyethylene-Microplastic-Glyphosate Exposure Case in Aquacultured Shrimp. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12105135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Plastic litter is increasingly becoming pervasive in aquatic environments, characterized by circulatory patterns between different compartments and continual loading with new debris. Microplastic pollution can cause a variety of effects on aquatic organisms. This review presents the current knowledge of microplastics distribution and sorption capacity, reflecting on possible bioaccumulation and health effects in aquatic organisms. A model case study reveals the fate and toxic effects of glyphosate, focusing on the simultaneous exposure of aquacultured shrimp to polyethylene and glyphosate and their contact route and on the potential effects on their health and the risk for transmission of the contaminants. The toxicity and bioaccumulation of glyphosate-sorbed polyethylene microplastics in shrimp are not well understood, although individual effects have been studied extensively in various organisms. We aim to delineate this knowledge gap by compiling current information regarding the co-exposure to polyethylene microplastic adsorbed with glyphosate to assist in the assessment of the possible health risks to aquacultured shrimp and their consumers.
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14
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Alvarez-Moya C, Sámano-León AG, Reynoso-Silva M, Ramírez-Velasco R, Ruiz-López MA, Villalobos-Arámbula AR. Antigenotoxic Effect of Ascorbic Acid and Resveratrol in Erythrocytes of Ambystoma mexicanum, Oreochromis niloticus and Human Lymphocytes Exposed to Glyphosate. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:2230-2242. [PMID: 35678680 PMCID: PMC9164025 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44050151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glyphosate is a controversial herbicide. Its genotoxicity and presence in various ecosystems have been reported. The use of ascorbic acid and resveratrol could protect different organisms from glyphosate-induced genetic damage. In the present study, specific genetic damage induced by glyphosate was evaluated in erythrocytes of Oreochromis niloticus, Ambystoma mexicanum and human lymphocytes. Simultaneously, the antigenotoxic capacity of various concentrations of ascorbic acid and resveratrol was evaluated by means of pretreatment and simultaneous treatment protocols. The 0.03, 0.05 and 0.07 mM concentrations of glyphosate induced significant genotoxic activity (p < 0.05) in human lymphocytes and in erythrocytes of the species studied, and could cause genomic instability in these populations. The reduction in genetic damage observed in human lymphocytes exposed to high concentrations of glyphosate is only apparent: excessive genetic damage was associated with undetectable excessive tail migration length. A significant (p < 0.05) antigenotoxic effect of ascorbic acid and resveratrol was observed in all concentrations, organisms and protocols used. Both ascorbic acid and resveratrol play an important role in maintaining the integrity of DNA. Ascorbic acid in Oreochromis niloticus, Ambystoma mexicanum reduced glyphosate-induced genetic damage to a basal level. Therefore, our data indicate that these antioxidants could help preserve the integrity of the DNA of organisms exposed to glyphosate. The consumption of antioxidants is a useful tool against the genotoxicity of glyphosate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Alvarez-Moya
- Environmental Mutagenesis Laboratory, Cellular and Molecular Department, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 45200, Jalisco, Mexico; (A.G.S.-L.); (R.R.-V.)
- Correspondence: (C.A.-M.); (M.R.-S.); Tel.: +52-377-77-1121 (C.A.-M.); +52-333-777-1121 (M.R.-S.)
| | - Alexis Gerardo Sámano-León
- Environmental Mutagenesis Laboratory, Cellular and Molecular Department, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 45200, Jalisco, Mexico; (A.G.S.-L.); (R.R.-V.)
| | - Mónica Reynoso-Silva
- Environmental Mutagenesis Laboratory, Cellular and Molecular Department, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 45200, Jalisco, Mexico; (A.G.S.-L.); (R.R.-V.)
- Correspondence: (C.A.-M.); (M.R.-S.); Tel.: +52-377-77-1121 (C.A.-M.); +52-333-777-1121 (M.R.-S.)
| | - Rafael Ramírez-Velasco
- Environmental Mutagenesis Laboratory, Cellular and Molecular Department, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 45200, Jalisco, Mexico; (A.G.S.-L.); (R.R.-V.)
| | - Mario Alberto Ruiz-López
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Botany and Zoology, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 45200, Jalisco, Mexico;
| | - Alma Rosa Villalobos-Arámbula
- Molecular and Functional Genetics and Ecosystems Laboratory of Biomarkers and Molecular Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Departament, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 45200, Jalisco, Mexico;
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15
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Uçkun M. Assessing the toxic effects of bisphenol A in consumed crayfish Astacus leptodactylus using multi biochemical markers. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:25194-25208. [PMID: 34839436 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17701-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA), an endocrine-disrupting chemical (EDC), has strong potential for daily exposure to humans and animals due to its persistence and widespread in the environment, so its effects directly concern public health. Although invertebrates represent important components of aquatic ecosystems and are at significant risk of exposure, there is little information about the biological effects of EDCs in these organisms. Astacus leptodactylus used in this study is one of the most consumed and exported freshwater species in Europe. In this study, the 96-h effect of BPA on A. leptodactylus was examined using various biomarkers. The LC50 value of BPA was determined as 96.45 mg L-1. After 96 h of exposure to BPA, there were increases in superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione S-transferase (GST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities and levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), and total oxidant status context (TOSC), and there were decreases in the activity of glutathione reductase (GR), carboxylesterase (CaE), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), Na+/K+ ATPase, Mg2+ ATPase, Ca2+ ATPase, and total ATPase and the total antioxidant context (TAC). From the results of this study, it can be concluded that BPA has significant toxic effects on A. leptodactylus based on the selected biochemical parameters of antioxidant, cholinergic, detoxification, and metabolic systems in crayfish even at low doses. Thus, it can be said that BPA can seriously threaten the aquatic ecosystem and public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miraç Uçkun
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Adıyaman University, Altınşehir neighborhood, Ataturk Boulevard, No. 1, Central Campus, 02040, Central, Adiyaman, Turkey.
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16
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Wang X, Lu Q, Guo J, Ares I, Martínez M, Martínez-Larrañaga MR, Wang X, Anadón A, Martínez MA. Oxidative Stress and Metabolism: A Mechanistic Insight for Glyphosate Toxicology. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2022; 62:617-639. [PMID: 34990202 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-020821-111552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Glyphosate (GLYP) is a widely used pesticide; it is considered to be a safe herbicide for animals and humans because it targets 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase. However, there has been increasing evidence that GLYP causes varying degrees of toxicity. Moreover, oxidative stress and metabolism are highly correlated with toxicity. This review provides a comprehensive introduction to the toxicity of GLYP and, for the first time, systematically summarizes the toxicity mechanism of GLYP from the perspective of oxidative stress, including GLYP-mediated oxidative damage, changes in antioxidant status, altered signaling pathways, and the regulation of oxidative stress by exogenous substances. In addition, the metabolism of GLYP is discussed, including metabolites,metabolic pathways, metabolic enzymes, and the toxicity of metabolites. This review provides new ideas for the toxicity mechanism of GLYP and proposes effective strategies for reducing its toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Wang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China;
| | - Qirong Lu
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China;
| | - Jingchao Guo
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China;
| | - Irma Ares
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, and Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Marta Martínez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, and Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - María-Rosa Martínez-Larrañaga
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, and Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Xu Wang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China;
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, and Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- MAO Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan, Hubei 430023, China
| | - Arturo Anadón
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, and Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - María-Aránzazu Martínez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, and Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
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17
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Bernardi F, Lirola JR, Cestari MM, Bombardelli RA. Effects on reproductive, biochemical and genotoxic parameters of herbicides 2,4-D and glyphosate in silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen). ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 89:103787. [PMID: 34896630 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2021.103787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of the herbicides 2,4-D, glyphosate and the mixture of both on oxidative stress, genotoxicity and the rates of fertilization, hatching and larval normality in silver catfish. Exposure to glyphosate and the mixture of herbicides significantly decreased the fertilization of oocytes and the hatching of eggs. The different concentrations of 2,4-D and glyphosate, in addition to the mixture of both, did not affect the rates of larval normality, the activity of CAT, GST, LPO, and PCO. SOD activity was not evident in any of the treatments. Exposure to 2,4-D and the mixture of herbicides caused damage to the genetic material of larvae silver catfish. Our results show that although high concentrations of the herbicides were used, changes caused by them were detected in only some of the tested biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Bernardi
- Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná - Campus de Marechal Cândido Rondon, Rua Pernambuco, 1777, Caixa Postal: 91, CEP: 85960-000, Marechal Cândido Rondon, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Juliana Roratto Lirola
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Avenida Coronel Francisco Heráclito dos Santos, 100, Centro Politécnico - Jardim das Américas, Caixa Postal: 19031, CEP: 81531-980, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Marta Margarete Cestari
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Avenida Coronel Francisco Heráclito dos Santos, 100, Centro Politécnico - Jardim das Américas, Caixa Postal: 19031, CEP: 81531-980, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Robie Allan Bombardelli
- Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná - Campus de Toledo, Rua da Faculdade, 645, Jardim Santa Maria, CEP: 85903-000, Toledo, Paraná, Brazil.
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18
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Yang H, Jiang Y, Lu K, Xiong H, Zhang Y, Wei W. Herbicide atrazine exposure induce oxidative stress, immune dysfunction and WSSV proliferation in red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 283:131227. [PMID: 34147975 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Atrazine is considered as a potential environmental endocrine disruptors and exhibits various toxic effects on animals. It has a great impact in the aquatic ecosystems, but there are few studies on its immunotoxicity in crustaceans. In the present study, the Procambarus clarkii were utilized to assess the immune toxicity after 0.5 mg/L and 5 mg/L atrazine exposure. A significant decrease in total hemocytes count (THC) was observed at 5 mg/L atrazine exposure throughout the experiment. The activities of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) were significantly inhibited, but the content of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were up-regulated, indicating the potential oxidative stress. The analysis of the integrated biomarker response (IBR) showed the induction of oxidative stress biomarkers and the inhibition of antioxidants. After 5 mg/L atrazine exposure for 144 h, the integrity of crayfish hepatopancreas was destroyed with disappeared connections between tubules and increased liver tubules vacuoles. The relative expression levels of different immune genes in hepatopancreas after atrazine exposure were measured. Most of these genes were suppressed and exhibited a certain dose-dependent effect. The results of crayfish white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) replication shown the amount of virus in muscle was significantly higher and exhibited a higher mortality rate at 5 mg/L group than other groups. The present study determined the impact of atrazine exposure on WSSV outbreaks, and also provide an important basis for further assessing the occurrence of pesticides on diseases of P. clarkii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
| | - Yinan Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Kaiyuan Lu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Haoran Xiong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Wenzhi Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
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19
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Mesnage R, Brandsma I, Moelijker N, Zhang G, Antoniou MN. Genotoxicity evaluation of 2,4-D, dicamba and glyphosate alone or in combination with cell reporter assays for DNA damage, oxidative stress and unfolded protein response. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 157:112601. [PMID: 34626751 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The current generation of carcinogenicity tests is often insufficient to predict cancer outcomes from pesticide exposures. In order to facilitate health risk assessment, The International Agency for Research on Cancer identified 10 key characteristics which are commonly exhibited by human carcinogens. The ToxTracker panel of six validated GFP-based mouse embryonic stem reporter cell lines is designed to measure a number of these carcinogenic properties namely DNA damage, oxidative stress and the unfolded protein response. Here we present an evaluation of the carcinogenic potential of the herbicides glyphosate, 2,4-D and dicamba either alone or in combination, using the ToxTracker assay system. The pesticide 2,4-D was found to be a strong inducer of oxidative stress and an unfolded protein response. Dicamba induced a mild oxidative stress response, whilst glyphosate did not elicit a positive outcome in any of the assays. The results from a mixture of the three herbicides was primarily an oxidative stress response, which was most likely due to 2,4-D with dicamba or glyphosate only playing a minor role. These findings provide initial information regarding the risk assessment of carcinogenic effects arising from exposure to a mixture of these herbicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Mesnage
- Gene Expression and Therapy Group, King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Inger Brandsma
- Toxys, De Limes 7, 2342, DH, Oegstgeest, the Netherlands
| | | | - Gaonan Zhang
- Toxys, De Limes 7, 2342, DH, Oegstgeest, the Netherlands
| | - Michael N Antoniou
- Gene Expression and Therapy Group, King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK.
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20
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Wang L, Feng J, Wang G, Guan T, Zhu C, Li J, Wang H. Effects of cadmium on antioxidant and non-specific immunity of Macrobrachium nipponense. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 224:112651. [PMID: 34419645 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
As a non-essential and toxic element, cadmium poses an important threat to aquatic organisms and human food safety. In this study, the effects of cadmium on antioxidant and non-specific immunity of Macrobrachium nipponense were studied from the physiological and biochemical indexes, histology and expression of related genes. These results showed that low concentrations (0.01, 0.02 mg/L) of cadmium have a positive effect on the non-specific immunity of M. nipponense, but high concentration (0.04 mg/L) of cadmium could inhibit or even damage the non-specific immunity of M. nipponense. The cadmium could induce oxidative stress in M. nipponense, and M. nipponense actived the antioxidant defense system to deal with oxidative stress, but high concentration (0.04 mg/L) of cadmium could inhibit the antioxidant defense system of M. nipponense, leading to oxidative damage, and may induce apoptosis in severe case. At the same time, the results of histology showed that cadmium can damage the structure of gill and hepatopancreas tissues of M. nipponense. This study provides theoretical data for evaluating the influences of heavy metal cadmium on M. nipponense and the toxic mechanism of heavy metal cadmium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Wang
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Breeding of Special Aquatic Organisms, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an 223300, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Jianbin Feng
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Guiling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Tianyu Guan
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Chuankun Zhu
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Breeding of Special Aquatic Organisms, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an 223300, China
| | - Jiale Li
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Breeding of Special Aquatic Organisms, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an 223300, China.
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21
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Effects of Temperature and Glyphosate on Fatty Acid Composition, Antioxidant Capacity, and Lipid Peroxidation in the Gastropod Lymneae sp. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13081039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about the potential effects of glyphosate on freshwater gastropods and possible interactions between glyphosate and other stressors. A two-way factorial experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of temperature (20 °C/25 °C) and glyphosate (0 µg/L/200 µg/L) on Lymnaea sp. After 21 days, antioxidant capacity (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST)), malondialdehyde content (MDA), and fatty acid (FA) composition of Lymnaea sp. tissue were measured. Temperature had an effect on SOD activity and GPx activity. In contrast, an increase in GST activity was observed in glyphosate-exposed snails, highlighting the role of GST in the glyphosate detoxification process. Differences in temperature and glyphosate did not affect lipid peroxidation (MDA); however, we observed a trend suggesting the presence of higher MDA content in glyphosate-exposed snails at 20 °C. The FA groups were generally not strongly affected by the treatments, except for omega−9 (n-9) that was markedly lower at the higher temperature. Changes were also observed in individual FA as a response to glyphosate and/or temperature. For example, a significant decrease in 18:1n9 was observed at 25 °C. Our results showed that antioxidant capacity and FA profiles were mainly affected by temperature, while glyphosate seemed to have a lesser impact.
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Telahigue K, Rabeh I, Hajji T, Trabelsi W, Fouzai C, Nechi S, Chelbi E, El Cafsi M, Soudani N. Assessment of the impacts of glyphosate and its commercial formulation Roundup® on the respiratory tree of the sea cucumber Holothuria forskali using a multivariate biomarker approach. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 269:129376. [PMID: 33385670 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the potential hazardous impacts of the technical grade glyphosate acid (GLY) and its commercial formulation roundup (RD®) were evaluated for the first time on holothurians. To do this, redox status, fatty acid (FA) profile, and histopathology aspects were assessed in the respiratory tree tissue of the sea cucumber Holothuria forskali following short-term exposure (96 h) to a series of concentrations (10, 100 and 1000 μg L-1) of GLY and RD® (glyphosate acid equivalent). Our results showed that both GLY and RD® promoted oxidative stress highlighted with an increase of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA), lipid peroxides (LOOH) and advanced oxidation protein product (AOPP) levels in all treated groups. In addition, both glyphosate forms were found to perturb the FA composition. However, changes in saturated (SFA) and polyunsaturated (PUFA) including some essential FA (LA, ARA, EPA and DHA) revealed differential compensatory/adaptive processes in H. forskali depending on the treatment. GLY and RD® were also found to modulate the enzymatic (glutathione S-transferases, glutathione peroxidase and catalase) and non-enzymatic (reduced glutathione and ascorbic acid) antioxidant defense status. Taken together, our results revealed that the commercial formulation produced more pronounced effects on H. forskali respiratory tree than the pure form. This finding was further confirmed by the histological observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaoula Telahigue
- LR18ES41 Lab. of Ecology, Biology and Physiology of Aquatic Organisms, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Imen Rabeh
- LR18ES41 Lab. of Ecology, Biology and Physiology of Aquatic Organisms, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Tarek Hajji
- BVBGR-LR11ES31, Higher Institute of Biotechnology - Sidi Thabet, Biotechpole Sidi Thabet, Univ. Manouba, 2020, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Wafa Trabelsi
- LR18ES41 Lab. of Ecology, Biology and Physiology of Aquatic Organisms, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Chaima Fouzai
- LR18ES41 Lab. of Ecology, Biology and Physiology of Aquatic Organisms, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Salwa Nechi
- Anatomy and Cytology Service, CHU Mohamed Taher Maamouri Hospital, University Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Emna Chelbi
- Anatomy and Cytology Service, CHU Mohamed Taher Maamouri Hospital, University Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - M'hamed El Cafsi
- LR18ES41 Lab. of Ecology, Biology and Physiology of Aquatic Organisms, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Nejla Soudani
- LR18ES41 Lab. of Ecology, Biology and Physiology of Aquatic Organisms, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
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Fabrello J, Masiero L, Finos L, Marin MG, Matozzo V. Effects of a mixture of glyphosate, 17α-ethynylestradiol and amyl salicylate on cellular and biochemical parameters of the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 165:105247. [PMID: 33429113 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.105247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study the effects of a mixture of glyphosate (herbicide), 17a-ethinylestradiol (synthetic estrogen) and amyl salicylate (fragrance) to the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis were evaluated. Mussels were exposed for 7 days to two realistic concentrations of the mixture (10 and 100 ng/L) and the effects on total haemocyte counts, haemocyte diameter and volume, haemocyte proliferation, haemolymph lactate dehydrogenase activity and haemocyte lysate lysozyme activity were measured. In addition, superoxide dismutase, catalase, acetylcholinesterase, glutathione-S-transferase and glutathione reductase activities were measured in gills and digestive gland. The survival-in-air test was also performed. Results demonstrated that the mixture affected both cellular and biochemical biomarkers, but not tolerance to aerial exposure of M. galloprovincialis. The negative effects recorded in this study suggested that more efforts should be done to assess the ecotoxicological risks posed by contaminant mixture to aquatic invertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Fabrello
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Luciano Masiero
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Livio Finos
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialisation, University of Padova, Via Venezia 8, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Maria Gabriella Marin
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Valerio Matozzo
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padova, Italy.
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Liu J, Dong C, Zhai Z, Tang L, Wang L. Glyphosate-induced lipid metabolism disorder contributes to hepatotoxicity in juvenile common carp. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 269:116186. [PMID: 33302084 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Residues of glyphosate (GLY) are widely detected in aquatic systems, raising potential environmental threats and public health concerns, but the mechanism underlying GLY-induced hepatotoxicity in fish has not been fully elucidated yet. This study was designed to explore the hepatotoxic mechanism using juvenile common carp exposed to GLY for 45 d, and plasma and liver samples were collected at 15 d, 30 d, and 45 d to analyze the assays. First, GLY-induced hepatic damage was confirmed by serum liver damage biomarker and hepatic histopathological analysis. Next, changes in oxidative stress biomarkers, gene expression levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, and lipid metabolism-related parameters in collected samples were analyzed to clarify their roles in GLY-induced hepatic damage. Data showed that oxidative stress was an early event during GLY exposure, followed by hepatic inflammatory response. Lipid metabolism disorder was a late event during GLY exposure, as evidenced by overproduced hepatic free fatty acids, enhanced lipogenesis-related gene expression levels, reduced lipolysis-related gene expression levels, and resultant hepatic lipid accumulation. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that GLY induces hepatotoxicity in fish through involvement of oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and lipid metabolism disorder, which are intimately interrelated with each other during GLY exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingbo Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, 271018, China
| | - Chenyu Dong
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, 510000, China
| | - Zhenzhen Zhai
- Tai'an City Central Hospital, 29 Longtan Road, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, 271000, China
| | - Liang Tang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, 271018, China
| | - Lin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, 271018, China.
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25
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Suppa A, Kvist J, Li X, Dhandapani V, Almulla H, Tian AY, Kissane S, Zhou J, Perotti A, Mangelson H, Langford K, Rossi V, Brown JB, Orsini L. Roundup causes embryonic development failure and alters metabolic pathways and gut microbiota functionality in non-target species. MICROBIOME 2020; 8:170. [PMID: 33339542 PMCID: PMC7780628 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-020-00943-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research around the weedkiller Roundup is among the most contentious of the twenty-first century. Scientists have provided inconclusive evidence that the weedkiller causes cancer and other life-threatening diseases, while industry-paid research reports that the weedkiller has no adverse effect on humans or animals. Much of the controversial evidence on Roundup is rooted in the approach used to determine safe use of chemicals, defined by outdated toxicity tests. We apply a system biology approach to the biomedical and ecological model species Daphnia to quantify the impact of glyphosate and of its commercial formula, Roundup, on fitness, genome-wide transcription and gut microbiota, taking full advantage of clonal reproduction in Daphnia. We then apply machine learning-based statistical analysis to identify and prioritize correlations between genome-wide transcriptional and microbiota changes. RESULTS We demonstrate that chronic exposure to ecologically relevant concentrations of glyphosate and Roundup at the approved regulatory threshold for drinking water in the US induce embryonic developmental failure, induce significant DNA damage (genotoxicity), and interfere with signaling. Furthermore, chronic exposure to the weedkiller alters the gut microbiota functionality and composition interfering with carbon and fat metabolism, as well as homeostasis. Using the "Reactome," we identify conserved pathways across the Tree of Life, which are potential targets for Roundup in other species, including liver metabolism, inflammation pathways, and collagen degradation, responsible for the repair of wounds and tissue remodeling. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that chronic exposure to concentrations of Roundup and glyphosate at the approved regulatory threshold for drinking water causes embryonic development failure and alteration of key metabolic functions via direct effect on the host molecular processes and indirect effect on the gut microbiota. The ecological model species Daphnia occupies a central position in the food web of aquatic ecosystems, being the preferred food of small vertebrates and invertebrates as well as a grazer of algae and bacteria. The impact of the weedkiller on this keystone species has cascading effects on aquatic food webs, affecting their ability to deliver critical ecosystem services. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Suppa
- Environmental Genomics Group, School of Biosciences, the University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability University of Parma, Department of Life Sciences, Viale Usberti, 11/A, Parma, Italy
| | - Jouni Kvist
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | - Xiaojing Li
- Environmental Genomics Group, School of Biosciences, the University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | - Vignesh Dhandapani
- Environmental Genomics Group, School of Biosciences, the University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | - Hanan Almulla
- Environmental Genomics Group, School of Biosciences, the University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | | | - Stephen Kissane
- Environmental Genomics Group, School of Biosciences, the University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | - Jiarui Zhou
- Environmental Genomics Group, School of Biosciences, the University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | - Alessio Perotti
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | | | | | - Valeria Rossi
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability University of Parma, Department of Life Sciences, Viale Usberti, 11/A, Parma, Italy
| | - James B. Brown
- Environmental Bioinformatics, Centre for Computational Biology, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
- Statistics Department, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720 USA, Preminon LLC, Rodeo, CA 94572 USA
| | - Luisa Orsini
- Environmental Genomics Group, School of Biosciences, the University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
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26
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Song Y, Song X, Wu M, Pang Y, Shi A, Shi X, Niu C, Cheng Y, Yang X. The protective effects of melatonin on survival, immune response, digestive enzymes activities and intestinal microbiota diversity in Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) exposed to glyphosate. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2020; 238:108845. [PMID: 32777465 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2020.108845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate is one of the most widely used pesticides, which can cause toxicity to aquatic animals. In this study, the survival rate, immune response, digestive enzyme activities, and the intestinal microbiota diversity of Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) were evaluated after 14 days of exposure to glyphosate (48.945 mg/L from 50% 96 h LC50 value) and melatonin feeding (80 mg/kg). The results showed that MT significantly improved the survival rate, antibacterial capacity of E. sinensis (P < 0.05). After exposure to glyphosate, the expression of Hsp60, Hsp70 and Hsp90 in cranial ganglia and thoracic ganglia was decreased significantly, but MT significantly raised the expression of these proteins (P < 0.05). Glyphosate significantly decreased lipase activity compared with the control group (P < 0.05), while melatonin significantly increased the lipase, amylase and trypsin activities (P < 0.05). Melatonin significantly increased the Chao1 and Shannon index and the relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes (P < 0.05). This study shows that melatonin has a protective effect on the glyphosate exposed E. sinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yameng Song
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaozhe Song
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengyao Wu
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yangyang Pang
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Aoya Shi
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingliang Shi
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Niu
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongxu Cheng
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiaozhen Yang
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.
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27
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Ganesan S, Keating AF. Ovarian mitochondrial and oxidative stress proteins are altered by glyphosate exposure in mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 402:115116. [PMID: 32634520 PMCID: PMC8500330 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.115116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Glyphosate (GLY) usage for weed control is extensive. To investigate ovarian impacts of chronic GLY exposure, female C57BL6 mice were orally administered saline as vehicle control (CT) or GLY at 0.25 (G0.25), 0.5 (G0.5), 1.0 (G1.0), 1.5 (G1.5), or 2 (G2.0) mg/kg for five days per wk. for 20 wks. Feed intake increased (P < .05) in G1.5 and G2.0 mice and body weight increased (P < .05) in G1.0 mice. There was no impact of GLY on estrous cyclicity, nor did GLY affect circulating levels of 17β-estradiol or progesterone. Exposure to GLY did not impact heart, liver, spleen, kidney or uterus weight. Both ovarian weight and follicle number were increased (P < .05) by G2.0 but not affected at lower GLY concentrations. There were no detectable effects of GLY on ovarian protein abundance of pAKT, AKT, pAKT:AKT, γH2AX, STAR, CYP11A1, HSD3B, CYP19A, ERA or ERB. Increased (P < .05) abundance of ATM protein was observed at G0.25 but not higher GLY doses. A dose-dependent effect (P < .10) of GLY exposure on ovarian protein abundance as quantified by LC-MS/MS was observed (G0.25-4 increased, 19 decreased; G0.5-5 increased, 25 decreased; G1.0-65 increased, 7 decreased; G1.5-145 increased, 2 decreased; G2.0-159 increased, 4 decreased). Pathway analysis was performed using DAVID and identified glutathione metabolism, metabolic and proteasome pathways as GLY exposure targets. These data indicate that chronic low-level exposure to GLY alters the ovarian proteome and may ultimately impact ovarian function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanthi Ganesan
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
| | - Aileen F Keating
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
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Chagas BRC, Utsunomiya HSM, Fernandes MN, Carvalho CS. Metabolic responses in bullfrog, Lithobates catesbeianus after exposure to zinc, copper and cadmium. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2020; 233:108768. [PMID: 32304870 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2020.108768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the activity of lactated dehydrogenase (LDH), malate dehydrogenase (MDH) enzymes and the levels of glucose, protein and triglyceride in bullfrog tadpoles after exposure to 1 μg L-1 of zinc (Zn), copper (Cu) and cadmium (Cd) isolated and combined for 2 and 16 days. Zn, Cu + Cd and Zn + Cu + Cd increased the activity of the LDH (2 and 16 days) and MDH (2 days) enzymes in the liver; and MDH increased in the kidney after 16 days in all co-exposed groups compared to the control. Glucose increased in the liver in the Zn and Cu groups at 2 and 16 days of exposure and decreased in the kidney (groups Cd, Zn + Cd and Cu + Cd) and muscle (Cd) at 2 days of exposure. After 2 days of exposure, the protein increased in the liver (Zn), in the kidney in all groups exposed to metals except in the groups exposed to Cd and Zn + Cu + Cd, which did not change and decreased in muscle in all the groups exposed to isolated metals. Regarding triglycerides, the kidney and muscle were the most affected, leading to a decrease in the Zn, Cu and Cd groups and in the Zn + Cu (16 days) and Zn + Cu + Cd groups (2 days). The anaerobiosis and aerobiosis were activated in the liver and kidney after short-term exposure (2 days) and in the kidney, the aerobic metabolism was activated after chronic exposure (16 days). The metals caused toxicity and were higher in co-exposure to metals with a potential to cause metabolism damage in L. catesbeianus.
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Affiliation(s)
- B R C Chagas
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia e Monitoramento Ambiental, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Campus Sorocaba, Rodovia João Leme dos Santos, km 110, SP-264, CEP 18052-780 Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - H S M Utsunomiya
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Campus Sorocaba, Rodovia João Leme dos Santos, km 110, SP-264, CEP 18052-780 Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M N Fernandes
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Caixa Postal 676, Rodovia Washington Luis km 235, CEP 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - C S Carvalho
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia e Monitoramento Ambiental, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Campus Sorocaba, Rodovia João Leme dos Santos, km 110, SP-264, CEP 18052-780 Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil; Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Campus Sorocaba, Rodovia João Leme dos Santos, km 110, SP-264, CEP 18052-780 Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
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29
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Fantón N, Bacchetta C, Rossi A, Gutierrez MF. Effects of a glyphosate-based herbicide on the development and biochemical biomarkers of the freshwater copepod Notodiaptomus carteri (Lowndes, 1934). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 196:110501. [PMID: 32247958 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this work we analyzed the effects of Sulfosato Touchdown®, a glyphosate-based herbicide, on the ontogenic development and biochemical markers of the freshwater copepod Notodiaptomus carteri. A 30-days life-cycle experiment was carried out with three different glyphosate concentrations (0, 0.38, and 0.81 mg L-1) to analyze the developmental time from nauplii to adult copepods and their individual growth. An additional 10-days experiment with the same glyphosate concentrations was designed to evaluate the energy reserves (glycogen, proteins and lipids) and the activity of three antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) in adult copepods, separately for females and males. We found that the lowest glyphosate concentration increased the nauplii and total development time. The highest glyphosate concentration prevented copepods from reaching the adult stage, inhibited the growth of the first copepodite stage and increased the GST and SOD activity in adult females. According to our results, the presence of this herbicide in freshwater systems could impose a risk in the ecological role of copepods in nature. This study will contribute to propose the Notodiaptomus genus as model specie for monitoring purposes in the Neotropical aquatic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Fantón
- Instituto Nacional de Limnología (CONICET-UNL), Ciudad Universitaria, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - Carla Bacchetta
- Instituto Nacional de Limnología (CONICET-UNL), Ciudad Universitaria, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Andrea Rossi
- Instituto Nacional de Limnología (CONICET-UNL), Ciudad Universitaria, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina; Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias (FHUC-UNL), Ciudad Universitaria, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - María Florencia Gutierrez
- Instituto Nacional de Limnología (CONICET-UNL), Ciudad Universitaria, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina; Escuela Superior de Sanidad "Dr. Ramón Carrillo" (FBCB-UNL), Ciudad Universitaria, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina.
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30
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Zhang HC, Shi CY, Yang YJ, Chen GW, Liu DZ. Biomarkers of Planarian Dugesia japonica in Response to Herbicide Glyphosate Exposure. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2020; 104:804-808. [PMID: 32372209 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-020-02865-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
As the worldwide top-selling herbicide, glyphosate is ubiquitously distributed in the natural environment, and its influence on the ecological safety and human health has being increasingly concerned. In this study, mRNA expressions of GPX and three heat shock protein genes in freshwater planarian Dugesia japonica in response to glyphosate were determined, and two oxidative stress parameters were measured. The results suggested that GPX activity can be used as a more sensitive biomarker in contrast with GPX gene expression, and mRNA expressions of Hsp70, Hsp90 genes are more sensitive than Hsp40 for planarians in response to glyphosate stress. Besides, the deduced T-AOC as well as varied GPX activity and mRNA expression levels of Hsps also indicated that glyphosate exposure would inhibit antioxidation and induce oxidative stress in D. japonica, while specific antioxidant systems and stress proteins tried to protect cells by their own regulation. The results of this study will be helpful to elucidate the stress response mechanisms of freshwater planarians to herbicide glyphosate.
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Affiliation(s)
- He-Cai Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, No. 46, Jianshe East Road, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Chang-Ying Shi
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, No. 46, Jianshe East Road, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Yu-Juan Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, No. 46, Jianshe East Road, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Guang-Wen Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, No. 46, Jianshe East Road, Xinxiang, 453007, China.
| | - De-Zeng Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, No. 46, Jianshe East Road, Xinxiang, 453007, China
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Bataillard D, Christe P, Pigeault R. Impact of field-realistic doses of glyphosate and nutritional stress on mosquito life history traits and susceptibility to malaria parasite infection. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:5079-5088. [PMID: 32551083 PMCID: PMC7297737 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Glyphosate is the world's most widely used herbicide. The commercial success of this molecule is due to its nonselectivity and its action, which would supposedly target specific biosynthetic pathways found mainly in plants. Multiple studies have however provided evidence for high sensitivity of many nontarget species to glyphosate and/or to formulations (glyphosate mixed with surfactants). This herbicide, found at significant levels in aquatic systems through surface runoffs, impacts life history traits and immune parameters of several aquatic invertebrates' species, including disease-vector mosquitoes. Mosquitoes, from hatching to emergence, are exposed to aquatic chemical contaminants. In this study, we first compared the toxicity of pure glyphosate to the toxicity of glyphosate-based formulations for the main vector of avian malaria in Europe, Culex pipiens mosquito. Then we evaluated, for the first time, how field-realistic dose of glyphosate interacts with larval nutritional stress to alter mosquito life history traits and susceptibility to avian malaria parasite infection. Our results show that exposure of larvae to field-realistic doses of glyphosate, pure or in formulation, did not affect larval survival rate, adult size, and female fecundity. One of our two experimental blocks showed, however, that exposure to glyphosate decreased development time and reduced mosquito infection probability by malaria parasite. Interestingly, the effect on malaria infection was lost when the larvae were also subjected to a nutritional stress, probably due to a lower ingestion of glyphosate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danaé Bataillard
- Department of Ecology and EvolutionUniversity of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Philippe Christe
- Department of Ecology and EvolutionUniversity of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Romain Pigeault
- Department of Ecology and EvolutionUniversity of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
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de Melo MS, Nazari EM, Müller YMR, Gismondi E. Modulation of antioxidant gene expressions by Roundup® exposure in the decapod Macrobrachium potiuna. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 190:110086. [PMID: 31864119 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.110086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate-based herbicides (GBH), including Roundup®, are the most used herbicides in agricultural and non-agricultural areas, which can reach aquatic environments through drift during application or surface runoff. Some studies, mostly in fish, demonstrated that GBH caused oxidative stress in non-target animals. However, only few information is available on the GBH effects in the antioxidant and stress proteins of many other organisms, such as freshwater crustaceans. Thus, we aimed to investigate the effects of environmentally relevant GBH concentrations on the relative transcript expression (RTE) of the superoxide dismutase (sod1), catalase (cat), selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase (gpx), glutathione-S-transferase (gst), thioredoxin (txn), heat shock protein (hsp70 and hsp90) in the hepatopancreas of the ecologically important freshwater prawn Macrobrachium potiuna. Moreover, this study aimed to assess the gender-differences responses to GBH exposure. Male and female prawns were exposed to three Roundup WG® concentrations (0.0065, 0.065 and 0.28 mg of glyphosate/L) and a control group (0.0 mg/L) for 7 and 14 days. In general, males had an under-expression of the studied genes, indicating an oxidative stress and possible accumulation of ROS in the hepatopancreas. In the opposite, females had an overexpression of the same genes, indicating a more robust antioxidant system, in order to cope with the possible ROS increase after Roundup WG® exposure. Therefore, results confirmed that gender could be a confounding factor in ecotoxicological assessment of GBH effects. Additionally, this work highlights that sod1, cat, gpx, gst, txn, hsp70 and hsp90 gene expressions seem to be useful biomarkers to investigate the oxidative stress caused by Roundup WG® in Macrobrachium sp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madson Silveira de Melo
- Laboratório de Reprodução e Desenvolvimento Animal, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Embriologia e Genética, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Evelise Maria Nazari
- Laboratório de Reprodução e Desenvolvimento Animal, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Embriologia e Genética, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Yara Maria Rauh Müller
- Laboratório de Reprodução e Desenvolvimento Animal, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Embriologia e Genética, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Eric Gismondi
- Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Ecotoxicology (LEAE), Freshwater and Oceanic Sciences Unit of ReSearch (FOCUS), University of Liège B6c, 11 allée du 6 Août, 4000, Liège, Belgium.
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33
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Hong Y, Huang Y, Huang Z. Oxidative stress, immunological response, and heat shock proteins induction in the Chinese Mitten Crab, Eriocheir sinensis following avermectin exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2020; 35:213-222. [PMID: 31617668 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the Chinese mitten crabs, Eriocheir sinensis were exposed to avermectin at 0.03, 0.06, 0.12, 0.24, and 0.48 mg/L respectively for 96 hours. The results showed that levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase in hepatopancreas were slightly induced at concentration of 0.03 and 0.06 mg/L, but significantly (P < .05) decreased at higher concentrations, meanwhile similar trend of the activities of acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase and lysozyme were observed. Significant induction of HSP70 and HSP90 mRNA expression was detected at 24 hours whereas no significant change was found in HSP60. In addition, levels of reactive oxygen species in hepatocytes increased in dose- and time- dependent manners, and cell viabilities of hepatocytes and haemocytes decreased. These results indicated that sublethal concentration exposure of avermectin had a prominent oxidative stress effect on E. sinensis based on the antioxidative and immunological activity inhibition, and HSP60, 70, and 90 perform a protective response during the exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Hong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Detection and Prevention in Panxi District, Xichang University, Xichang, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Detection and Prevention in Panxi District, Xichang University, Xichang, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Zhiqiu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Detection and Prevention in Panxi District, Xichang University, Xichang, Sichuan Province, China
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34
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Turhan DÖ, Güngördü A, Ozmen M. Developmental and lethal effects of glyphosate and a glyphosate-based product on Xenopus laevis embryos and tadpoles. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2020; 104:173-179. [PMID: 31932905 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-019-02774-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Effects of pure glyphosate and a glyphosate-based product were evaluated comparatively using two embryonic development stages of Xenopus laevis as model system. When pure glyphosate was applied in pH adjusted media, lethal or developmental effects were not observed at concentrations up to 500 mg L-1. The 96 h LC50 values for the commercial herbicide, in contrast, were 32.1 and 35.1 mg active ingredient L-1 for embryos and tadpoles, respectively. Since pure glyphosate has no effect on the selected biomarkers, it is thought that developmental toxic effects caused by glyphosate-based products are increased mainly due to formulation additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duygu Özhan Turhan
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Inonu University, 44280, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Abbas Güngördü
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Inonu University, 44280, Malatya, Turkey.
| | - Murat Ozmen
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Inonu University, 44280, Malatya, Turkey
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35
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Jansen van Rensburg G, Bervoets L, Smit NJ, Wepener V, van Vuren J. Biomarker Responses in the Freshwater Shrimp Caridina nilotica as Indicators of Persistent Pollutant Exposure. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2020; 104:193-199. [PMID: 31873761 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-019-02773-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Biomarkers are applied as early warning indicators of organisms' exposure to pollutants. The aim of this study was to utilise a multi-biomarker approach in the freshwater shrimp Caridina nilotica (Decapoda: Atyidae) as indicators of persistent pollutant exposure. A suite of biomarkers was selected to cover oxidative stress and damage, and energetics of the organisms. Five sites, representing an agricultural and pesticide application gradient, were sampled during two flow related hydro-periods in rivers of the Phongolo floodplain, north-eastern South Africa. Cytochrome P450 (CYP) activity was significantly higher in shrimp at sites directly adjacent to regions of increased human activity. Increased oxidative responses, i.e. catalase (CAT; p < 0.01) and protein carbonyl (PC, p < 0.01) were also found at these sites. The energetics biomarker did not show any influence of increased contaminant exposure. We demonstrated that the biomarkers of exposure (CYP) and effect (CAT, PC) were suitable to detect effects of stressors, probably persistent pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lieven Bervoets
- Systematic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research unit, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Nico J Smit
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Science and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Victor Wepener
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Science and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Johan van Vuren
- Department of Zoology, Kingsway Campus, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, South Africa
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36
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Hong Y, Yin H, Huang Y, Huang Q, Yang X. Immune response to abamectin-induced oxidative stress in Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 188:109889. [PMID: 31704331 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
It is known that abamectin (ABM) inflicts oxidative damage on aquatic animals; however, knowledge about the immune response under pesticide-induced oxidative stress is incomplete. In the present study, several cellular and humoral immune parameters, including total haemocyte counts (THC), lysosomal membrane stability (LMS), activities of acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (AKP) and lysozyme (LZM) were investigated to reveal the effects of ABM exposure on the immune defence mechanisms of the important freshwater crab, Erocheir sinensis. According to the results, a significant increase of THC was found in low concentration groups (0.03 and 0.06 mg/L), while dramatic decreases occurred in high concentration groups (0.12 and 0.24 mg/L) after 96 h of exposure. We also detected significant increases of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in haemocytes at 0.12 and 0.24 mg/L, and there was a dose- and time-dependent decrease of lysosomal membrane stability. These results suggest that the excessive generation of ROS induced by ABM may be leading the massive collapse of lysosomal membrane, which in turn may be causing the sharp drop of haemocyte counts in E. sinensis. The increase of hydrolytic enzymes ACP and AKP at low concentrations and the decrease at high concentrations also indicate an immune response associated with haemocytes status under stress. However, activities of LZM decreased significantly. After injection of Aeromonas hydrophil, mortalities increased under exposure to ABM and were positively related to ABM concentration. These results confirm that ABM exposure has the ability to impair immune defence and result in the host's susceptibility to pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Hong
- Key Laboratory of Application of Ecology and Environmental Protection in Plateau Wetland of Sichuan, Xichang University, Xichang, 415000, Sichuan Province, China.
| | - Hongmei Yin
- Key Laboratory of Application of Ecology and Environmental Protection in Plateau Wetland of Sichuan, Xichang University, Xichang, 415000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Application of Ecology and Environmental Protection in Plateau Wetland of Sichuan, Xichang University, Xichang, 415000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Qiang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Application of Ecology and Environmental Protection in Plateau Wetland of Sichuan, Xichang University, Xichang, 415000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xiaozhen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Huchenghuan Road, Lingang New District, Shanghai, 201306, China
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37
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Guo K, Ruan G, Fan W, Fang L, Wang Q, Luo M, Yi T. The effect of nitrite and sulfide on the antioxidant capacity and microbial composition of the intestines of red swamp crayfish, Procambarus clarkii. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 96:290-296. [PMID: 31765791 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.11.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nitrite and sulfide are harmful pollutants in water ecosystems that negatively influence the survival and growth of crayfish. It is currently known that the intestine of crustaceans acts as a significant immune organ, serving as the front line of defense against diseases. In this study, we investigated how the oxidative damage parameters, antioxidant status and microbial composition of the intestine of Procambarus clarkii were influenced under acute nitrite (60 mg/L) and sulfide (18 mg/L) stress for 72 h. Compared with the control, after exposure to nitrite and sulfide stress, the production of reactive oxygen species, and the lipid peroxide and malondialdehyde contents increased in the intestines and were significantly higher after 72 h of exposure. The superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities increased to maximum levels at 6, 24 and 12 h, respectively. These activities then decreased gradually and were significantly lower than those of the control after 48 or 72 h of exposure. In the crayfish exposed to stress, the expression of antioxidant genes including heat shock protein 70, ferritin and metallothionein increased to their maximum values at 12, 48 and 12 h, respectively. The expression levels then decreased gradually, and after 72 h, were lower than, or lacked significant differences with, the expression levels in the control. Additionally, nitrite and sulfide exposure restructured the intestinal microbial community of P. clarkii. This led to decreases in the abundance of some genera such as Citrobacter. However, the abundance of other genera, such as Shewanella and Acinetobacter, increased. Therefore, the health of P. clarkii was seriously impaired when exposed to nitrite and sulfide stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Guo
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434000, PR China
| | - Guoliang Ruan
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434000, PR China; Hubei Research Institute of Aquatic Industry Technology, Jingzhou, 434000, PR China.
| | - Wenhao Fan
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434000, PR China
| | - Liu Fang
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434000, PR China; Hubei Research Institute of Aquatic Industry Technology, Jingzhou, 434000, PR China
| | - Qian Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434000, PR China
| | - Mingzhong Luo
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434000, PR China
| | - Tilin Yi
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434000, PR China; Hubei Research Institute of Aquatic Industry Technology, Jingzhou, 434000, PR China
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38
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Pala A. The effect of a glyphosate-based herbicide on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, oxidative stress, and antioxidant status in freshwater amphipod: Gammarus pulex (Crustacean). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:36869-36877. [PMID: 31745777 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06804-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study had determined the effect of glyphosate-based herbicide (GBH) on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme activity, oxidative stress, and antioxidant status in Gammarus pulex. Firstly, the 96-h LC50 value of glyphosate on G. pulex was determined and calculated as 403 μg/L. Subsequently, the organisms were exposed to sub-lethal concentrations (10, 20, and 40 μg/L) of the determined GHB for 24 and 96 h. The samples were taken from control and GBH-treated groups at 24 and 96 h of study and analysed to determine the malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, the AChE, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) enzyme activities. In the G. pulex exposed to GBH for 24 and 96 h, the MDA level increased significantly (p < 0.05). The GSH level, the AChE, the CAT, and the GPx activities decreased compared with the control group (p < 0.05). G. pulex exposure to GBH for 24 h showed a temporary reduction in the SOD. GBH exposure led to oxidative stress in the G. pulex as well as affected the cholinergic system of the organism. These results indicated that the parameters measured may be important indicators of herbicide contamination in G. pulex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayşegül Pala
- Faculty of Fisheries, Munzur University, Tunceli, Turkey.
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Xiong G, Deng Y, Li J, Cao Z, Liao X, Liu Y, Lu H. Immunotoxicity and transcriptome analysis of zebrafish embryos in response to glufosinate-ammonium exposure. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 236:124423. [PMID: 31545209 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Glufosinate-ammonium (Gla) is a broad-spectrum and non-selective herbicide that widely used in many countries worldwide, but the biological safety including potentially negative effects on aquatic organisms remains largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the immunotoxic effects of Gla exposure on zebrafish embryos. Firstly, Gla markedly decreased the survival rate and caused a series of morphological malformations in a dose-dependent manner. Meanwhile, the number of macrophages and neutrophils was substantially reduced upon Gla exposure. In addition, the levels of oxidative stress were changed and the antioxidant enzyme activities such as CAT and SOD were elevated with the increase of Gla concentrations. Secondly, comparative transcriptome analysis identified 1, 366 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) including 789 up-regulated and 577 down-regulated in zebrafish embryos after Gla exposure. KEGG pathway analysis revealed that metabolic pathways such as drug metabolism-cytochrome P450 was markedly regulated and proteolysis, oxidation-reduction process, and peptidase activity were significantly enriched by the GO analysis. Besides, 55 immunity-related genes were identified in the DEGs, and we found that the genes in the metabolism, redox and immunity display an unique expression profilings by clustering analysis. Finally, 8 inflammatory cytokines and chemokines were further confirmed and they were differentially regulated after Gla exposure. In summary, a global survey of zebrafish defense against glufosinate was performed, and a large number of gene expression levels regarding metabolism, redox, and immunity-related genes were acquired from RNA-Seq. This study provides valuable informations for future elucidating the molecular mechanism of herbicide induced immunotoxicity in aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghua Xiong
- College of Life Sciences, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, 343009, Jiangxi, China; Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, Ji'an, 343009, Jiangxi, China; Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Ji'an, 343009, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yunyun Deng
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, Ji'an, 343009, Jiangxi, China; Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Ji'an, 343009, Jiangxi, China; College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jiali Li
- College of Life Sciences, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, 343009, Jiangxi, China; Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, Ji'an, 343009, Jiangxi, China; Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Ji'an, 343009, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zigang Cao
- College of Life Sciences, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, 343009, Jiangxi, China; Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, Ji'an, 343009, Jiangxi, China; Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Ji'an, 343009, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xinjun Liao
- College of Life Sciences, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, 343009, Jiangxi, China; Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, Ji'an, 343009, Jiangxi, China; Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Ji'an, 343009, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yi Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, Jiangxi, China
| | - Huiqiang Lu
- College of Life Sciences, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, 343009, Jiangxi, China; Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, Ji'an, 343009, Jiangxi, China; Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Ji'an, 343009, Jiangxi, China.
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40
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Matozzo V, Munari M, Masiero L, Finos L, Marin MG. Ecotoxicological hazard of a mixture of glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid to the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis (Lamarck 1819). Sci Rep 2019; 9:14302. [PMID: 31586082 PMCID: PMC6778070 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50607-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Assessment of the effects of chemical mixtures is a very important objective of the ecotoxicological risk assessment. This study was aimed at evaluating for the first time the effects of a mixture of glyphosate and its main breakdown product aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) on various biomarkers in the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. Mussels were exposed for 7, 14 and 21 days to either 100 µg/L of glyphosate, 100 µg/L of AMPA or a mixture of both (100 + 100 µg/L). Various haemocyte parameters, such as total haemocyte counts, haemocyte diameter and volume, haemocyte proliferation, haemolymph lactate dehydrogenase activity and haemocyte lysate acid phosphatase activities were measured. In addition, the effects of exposure on the activity of antioxidant enzymes, acetylcholinesterase and glutathione-S-transferase were evaluated in gills and digestive gland from mussels. On the whole, this study demonstrated that the variables considered in the experimental plan, namely treatment, exposure time and their interaction, affect significantly biomarker responses in M. galloprovincialis. The effects of the mixture were comparable to those of the individual compounds, whereas their synergistic effects were occasionally observed, under the experimental conditions tested at least.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Matozzo
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padova, Italy.
| | - Marco Munari
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Villa Dohrn-Benthic Ecology Center Ischia, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121, Naples, Italy
| | - Luciano Masiero
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Livio Finos
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialisation, University of Padova, Via Venezia 8, Padova, Italy
| | - Maria Gabriella Marin
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padova, Italy
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Yang X, Song Y, Zhang C, Pang Y, Song X, Wu M, Cheng Y. Effects of the glyphosate-based herbicide roundup on the survival, immune response, digestive activities and gut microbiota of the Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 214:105243. [PMID: 31319294 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.105243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate is one of the most widely used pesticides in the world and can be transported easily by surface runoff, air, and rivers, potentially affecting aquaculture. In this study, the survival rate, intestinal and hepatopancreatic immune and digestive functions, and the intestinal microbial diversity of Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) were evaluated after 7 days of exposure to glyphosate (48.945 mg/L from 1/2 96-h LC50 value). The results showed that glyphosate significantly reduced the survival rate of E. sinensis. After exposure to glyphosate, the totoal antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) in the midgut and hindgut of E. sinensis was significantly decreased, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in the midgut was significantly increased (P < 0.05). After glyphosate exposure, the activities of digestive enzymes (including lipase and amylase) in the intestinal tract were significantly decreased and trypsin was significantly increased, while three enzymes in the hepatopancreas were significantly increased (P < 0.05). Using high-throughput sequencing analysis of the gut microbiota, the results showed that glyphosate significantly decreased the diversity of E. sinensis gut microbiota, while significantly increasing the taxonomic richness of Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria (P < 0.05). This study suggested that these bacteria may be involved in glyphosate effects on survival by regulation of immune and digestive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhen Yang
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, China; Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yameng Song
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, China; Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cong Zhang
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, China; Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yangyang Pang
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, China; Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaozhe Song
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, China; Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengyao Wu
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, China; Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongxu Cheng
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, China; Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.
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Antoniou MN, Nicolas A, Mesnage R, Biserni M, Rao FV, Martin CV. Glyphosate does not substitute for glycine in proteins of actively dividing mammalian cells. BMC Res Notes 2019; 12:494. [PMID: 31395095 PMCID: PMC6686468 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-019-4534-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Glyphosate (N-phosphonomethyl glycine) and its commercial herbicide formulations have been shown to exert toxicity via various mechanisms. It has been asserted that glyphosate substitutes for glycine in polypeptide chains leading to protein misfolding and toxicity. However, as no direct evidence exists for glycine to glyphosate substitution in proteins, including in mammalian organisms, we tested this claim by conducting a proteomics analysis of MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells grown in the presence of 100 mg/L glyphosate for 6 days. Protein extracts from three treated and three untreated cell cultures were analysed as one TMT-6plex labelled sample, to highlight a specific pattern (+/+/+/-/-/-) of reporter intensities for peptides bearing true glyphosate treatment induced-post translational modifications as well as allowing an investigation of the total proteome. RESULTS Comparative statistical analysis of global proteome changes between glyphosate treated and non-treated samples did not show significant differences. Crucially, filtering of data to focus analysis on peptides potentially bearing glycine for glyphosate replacement revealed that the TMT reporter intensity pattern of all candidates showed conclusively that they are all false discoveries, with none displaying the expected TMT pattern for such a substitution. Thus, the assertion that glyphosate substitutes for glycine in protein polypeptide chains is incorrect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael N. Antoniou
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, Gene Expression and Therapy Group, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, 8th Floor, Tower Wing, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT UK
| | - Armel Nicolas
- DC Biosciences, James Lindsay Place, Dundee, DD1 5JJ UK
- Present Address: IST Austria Proteomics Service, Lab Building East, Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Robin Mesnage
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, Gene Expression and Therapy Group, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, 8th Floor, Tower Wing, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT UK
| | - Martina Biserni
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, Gene Expression and Therapy Group, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, 8th Floor, Tower Wing, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT UK
| | - Francesco V. Rao
- DC Biosciences, James Lindsay Place, Dundee, DD1 5JJ UK
- Present Address: Platinum Informatics Ltd., Unit 8, The Vision Building, 20 Greenmarket, Dundee, DD1 4QB UK
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Banaee M, Akhlaghi M, Soltanian S, Gholamhosseini A, Heidarieh H, Fereidouni MS. Acute exposure to chlorpyrifos and glyphosate induces changes in hemolymph biochemical parameters in the crayfish, Astacus leptodactylus (Eschscholtz, 1823). Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 222:145-155. [PMID: 31055068 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Acute and subacute toxicity tests for chlorpyrifos and glyphosate were performed on the crayfish, Astacus leptodactylus. The crayfish were divided into a control group and four experimental groups with exposure from 50.18 to 301.11 μg L-1 of chlorpyrifos for 96 h under semi-static test conditions. In the same experiment, the crayfish were exposed to different concentrations of glyphosate (from 0.0, 8.14 to 13.05 mg L-1) for 96 h. Mortality was recorded, and the median lethal concentrations (LC50) were calculated using probit analysis. The 96 h LC50 values of chlorpyrifos and glyphosate to A. leptodactylus were 49.55 ± 4.66 μg L-1 and 7.83 ± 0.50 mg L-1, respectively. The results showed that chlorpyrifos was a few hundred times more toxic than glyphosate for the crayfish. Then, the crayfish were exposed to different subacute concentrations of chlorpyrifos (12.5 and 25 μg L-1) and glyphosate (2 mg L-1 and 4 mg L-1) for seven days, and their toxicity was evaluated through several hemolymph biochemical parameters. Chlorpyrifos and glyphosate exposure caused a significant (P < 0.01) increase in the activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT). The results showed a significant (P < 0.01) decrease in acetylcholinesterase (AChE), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and phenoloxidase (PO) activities in the hemolymph of the crayfish exposed to chlorpyrifos and glyphosate. The total protein and cholesterol levels showed a significant decrease (P < 0.01) in the hemolymph of the crayfish after seven days of exposure to chlorpyrifos and glyphosate. There was a significant increase in triglycerides and glucose levels in treated crayfish. These results show that chlorpyrifos is highly toxic, while glyphosate is moderately toxic to A. leptodactylus. According to the results, subacute concentrations of chlorpyrifos and glyphosate could lead to a collapse of cellular homeostasis and changes in the hemolymph biochemical parameters in the crayfish. Physiological changes caused by exposure to chlorpyrifos and glyphosate in A. leptodactylus may have direct effects on the survival of these organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Banaee
- Aquaculture Department, Faculty of Natural Resources and the Environment, Behbahan Khatam Alanbia University of Technology, Behbahan, Iran.
| | - Mostafa Akhlaghi
- Aquatic Animal Health and Diseases Department, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Siyavash Soltanian
- Aquatic Animal Health and Diseases Department, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amin Gholamhosseini
- Aquatic Animal Health and Diseases Department, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hassan Heidarieh
- Aquatic Animal Health and Diseases Department, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Saeed Fereidouni
- Aquatic Animal Health and Diseases Department, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
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Córdova López AM, Sarmento RA, de Souza Saraiva A, Pereira RR, Soares AMVM, Pestana JLT. Exposure to Roundup® affects behaviour, head regeneration and reproduction of the freshwater planarian Girardia tigrina. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 675:453-461. [PMID: 31030151 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The demand of glyphosate-based herbicides including Roundup® is rising in the tropics due to increase occurence of glyphosate-resistant weeds that require higher herbicide application rates but also because of their use associated with genetically engineered, glyphosate-tolerant crops. Consequently, there is now an excessive use of glyphosate in agricultural areas with potential adverse effects also for the surrounding aquatic environments. This study aimed to determine the sensitivity of the freshwater planarian Girardia tigrina to acute and chronic exposures of Roundup®. Planarians were exposed to a range of lethal and sub-lethal concentrations of Roundup® to determine the median lethal concentration (LC50) concerning its active ingredient glyphosate and also effects on locomotor velocity (pLMV), feeding rate, regeneration, reproductive parameters and morphological abnormalities. Regeneration endpoints included length of blastema and time for photoreceptors and auricles regeneration after decapitation, while effects on reproduction were assessed measuring fecundity (number of deposited cocoons) and fertility (number of hatchlings) over five weeks of exposure to glyphosate. The estimated 48 h LC50 of was 35.94 mg glyphosate/L. Dose dependent effects were observed for feeding, locomotion and regeneration endpoints with Lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC) values as low as 3.75 mg glyphosate/L. Chronic exposures to environmentally relevant concentrations of glyphosate significantly impaired fecundity and fertility rates of exposed planarians (median effective concentration, EC50 = 1.6 mg glyphosate/L for fecundity and fertility rates). Our results show deleterious effects of Roundup® on regeneration, behavior and reproduction of freshwater planarians and add important ecotoxicological data towards the environmental risk assessment of glyphosate-based herbicide in freshwater ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Córdova López
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Produção Vegetal, Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Campus Universitário de Gurupi, 77402-970 Gurupi, TO, Brazil; ICEMR Amazonia Laboratory and Emerging Diseases - Iquitos Headquarters, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Iquitos, Perú
| | - Renato Almeida Sarmento
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Produção Vegetal, Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Campus Universitário de Gurupi, 77402-970 Gurupi, TO, Brazil
| | - Althiéris de Souza Saraiva
- Departamento de Agropecuária (Conservação de Agroecossistemas e Ecotoxicologia), Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano, campus Campos Belos, 73840-000 Campos Belos, GO, Brazil
| | - Renata Ramos Pereira
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900 Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Amadeu M V M Soares
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - João L T Pestana
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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de Melo MS, Nazari EM, Joaquim-Justo C, Muller YMR, Gismondi E. Effects of low glyphosate-based herbicide concentrations on endocrine-related gene expression in the decapoda Macrobrachium potiuna. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:21535-21545. [PMID: 31127518 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05496-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate-based herbicides (GBH) are the most used herbicides worldwide and are considered as endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDC) for non-target organisms. However, effects of GBH on their endocrine systems remain poorly understood. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the effects of low concentrations of Roundup WG® on growth and reproduction process molecules in both males and females of the decapod crustacean Macrobrachium potiuna, by the relative transcript expression levels of the ecdysteroid receptor (EcR), the molt-inhibiting hormone (MIH), and the vitellogenin (Vg) genes. Prawns were exposed to three concentrations of GBH (0.0065, 0.065, and 0.28 mg L-1) for 7 and 14 days. The results revealed that only in males the three genes transcript levels were influenced by the GBH concentration, time of exposure, and the interaction between the concentrations and time of exposure, suggesting that males were more sensitive to GBH than females. For males, after 7 days of exposure at 0.065 mg L-1, EcR and MIH were over-expressed, while the Vg expression was only over-expressed after 14 days. The present study highlighted that GBH impacted endocrine systems of M. potiuna. Moreover, EcR and MIH gene expressions could be promising EDC biomarkers of exposure in crustaceans. These results also indicate that GBH concentrations, considered secure by regulatory agencies, should be reviewed to minimize the effects on non-target organisms. Potential effects of glyphosate-based herbicides on the endocrine system of decapods Macrobrachium sp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madson Silveira de Melo
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Embriologia e Genética, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Evelise Maria Nazari
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Embriologia e Genética, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Célia Joaquim-Justo
- Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Ecotoxicology (LEAE) - Chemistry Institute, University of Liège, Bât. B6C, 11 allée du 6 Août, Sart-Tilman, 4000, Liege, Belgium
| | - Yara Maria Rauh Muller
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Embriologia e Genética, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Eric Gismondi
- Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Ecotoxicology (LEAE) - Chemistry Institute, University of Liège, Bât. B6C, 11 allée du 6 Août, Sart-Tilman, 4000, Liege, Belgium.
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de Melo MS, Dos Santos TPG, Jaramillo M, Nezzi L, Rauh Muller YM, Nazari EM. Histopathological and ultrastructural indices for the assessment of glyphosate-based herbicide cytotoxicity in decapod crustacean hepatopancreas. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 210:207-214. [PMID: 30870667 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate-based herbicides (GBH), including Roundup, are the most widely used pesticides in the world. Glyphosate residues have been detected in surface and groundwater, in food, and in human blood and urine. The effects of this herbicide on different levels of biological organization are an important concern that needs to be investigated. In general, the toxicity of GBH in invertebrates is poorly understood, and it is the motivation of this study. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate cellular responses of the hepatopancreas, an organ involved in the detoxification process in invertebrates, after exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of GBH, using prawn Macrobrachium potiuna as a model. Prawns were exposed to three concentrations of GBH (0.0065, 0.065 and 0.28 mg L-1) for 7 or 14 days. Alterations in the morphology of the hepatopancreas and in subcellular components of R cells, which are responsible for the detoxification process, were analyzed, and an index for subcellular alterations was standardized. GBH exposure induced tissue commitments on the hepatopancreas, as well as important impairments of R cells that could compromise the normal functioning of the cells, especially in the detoxification processes. The major cellular impairments were intense vacuolization, dilatation of the cisterns of the rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi bodies, increase of perinuclear space, necrosis, concentric membrane formation and mitochondria crest loss. Our data contribute to the knowledge of the cytotoxic effects of low GBH concentrations on aquatic invertebrates, specifically their effects on the hepatopancreas, an important organ for the metabolism of crustaceans. These results also indicate that concentrations considered safe by regulatory agencies should be reviewed to minimize the effects on non-target organisms. This study also contributes to the standardization of an ultrastructure index for the assessment of GBH in palaemonids, which could be used for the assessment of contaminants in crustaceans and other species with hepatopancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madson Silveira de Melo
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Embriologia e Genética, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | | | - Michael Jaramillo
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Embriologia e Genética, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Luciane Nezzi
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Embriologia e Genética, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Yara Maria Rauh Muller
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Embriologia e Genética, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Evelise Maria Nazari
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Embriologia e Genética, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
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Matozzo V, Zampieri C, Munari M, Marin MG. Glyphosate affects haemocyte parameters in the clam Ruditapes philippinarum. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 146:66-70. [PMID: 30922606 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
This study was aimed at evaluating the effects of glyphosate on haemocyte parameters of the clam Ruditapes philippinarum. Clams were exposed for 7 days to differing glyphosate concentrations (10, 100 and 1000 μg/L) and various haemocyte parameters were measured, such as total haemocyte count (THC), haemocyte diameter and volume, haemocyte proliferation, haemolymph lactate dehydrogenase activity, haemocyte lysate lysozyme and acid phosphatase activities. Glyphosate reduced significantly THC values, while increased both diameter and volume of haemocytes. Exposure to the highest herbicide concentration increased significantly haemocyte proliferation. No significant effects on haemolymph lactate dehydrogenase and haemocyte lysate lysozyme activities were observed, whereas haemocyte lysate acid phosphatase activity resulted significantly increased in clams exposed at 100 and 1000 μg/L. On the whole, this study demonstrated that glyphosate influenced significantly haemocyte parameters in R. philippinarum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Matozzo
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padova, Italy.
| | - Carlo Zampieri
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Munari
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Villa Dohrn-Benthic Ecology Center Ischia, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Gabriella Marin
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padova, Italy
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