1
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Samadi A, Kermanshahi Pour A, Beims RF, Xu CC. Delignified porous wood as biofilm support for 1,4-dioxane-degrading bacterial consortium. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2024; 45:2541-2557. [PMID: 36749305 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2023.2178330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Delignified porous wood samples were used as carriers for biofilm formation of a bacterial consortium with the ability to degrade 1,4-dioxane (DX). The delignification treatment of the natural wood resulted in higher porosity, formation of macropores, increase in surface roughness and hydrophilicity of the treated wood pieces. These superior properties of two types of treated carriers (respectively, A and B) compared to the untreated wood resulted in 2.19 ± 0.52- and 2.66 ± 0.23-fold higher growth of biofilm. Moreover, analysis of the fatty acid profiles indicated an increase in proportion of the saturated fatty acids during the biofilm formation, characterising an enhancement in rigidity and hydrophobicity of the biofilms. DX initial concentration of 100 mg/L was completely degraded (detection limit 0.01 mg/L) in 24 and 32 h using the treated A and B woods, while only 25.84 ± 5.95% was removed after 32 h using the untreated wood. However, fitting the DX biodegradation data to the Monod model showed a lower maximum specific growth rate for biofilm (0.0276 ± 0.0018 1/h) versus planktonic (0.0382 ± 0.0024 1/h), because of gradual accumulation of inactive cells in the biofilm. Findings of this study can contribute to the knowledge of biofilm formation regarding the physical/chemical properties of biofilm carriers and be helpful to the ongoing research on bioremediation of DX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aryan Samadi
- Biorefining and Remediation Laboratory, Department of Process Engineering and Applied Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Azadeh Kermanshahi Pour
- Biorefining and Remediation Laboratory, Department of Process Engineering and Applied Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Ramon Filipe Beims
- Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Chunbao Charles Xu
- Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
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2
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Rosenblum JS, Liethen A, Miller-Robbie L. Prioritization and Risk Ranking of Regulated and Unregulated Chemicals in US Drinking Water. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:6878-6889. [PMID: 38564650 PMCID: PMC11044589 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c08745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Drinking water constituents were compared using more than six million measurements (USEPA data) to prioritize and risk-rank regulated and unregulated chemicals and classes of chemicals. Hazard indexes were utilized for hazard- and risk-based chemicals, along with observed (nondetects = 0) and censored (nondetects = method detection limit/2) data methods. Chemicals (n = 139) were risk-ranked based on population exposed, resulting in the highest rankings for inorganic compounds (IOCs) and disinfection byproducts (DBPs), followed by semivolatile organic compounds (SOCs), nonvolatile organic compounds (NVOCs), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) for observed data. The top 50 risk-ranked chemicals included 15 that were unregulated, with at least one chemical from each chemical class (chromium-6 [#1, IOC], chlorate and NDMA [#11 and 12, DBP], 1,4-dioxane [#25, SOC], PFOS, PFOA, PFHxS [#42, 44, and 49, NVOC], and 1,2,3-trichloropropane [#48, VOC]). These results suggest that numerous unregulated chemicals are of higher exposure risk or hazard in US drinking water than many regulated chemicals. These methods could be applied following each Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule (UCMR) data collection phase and compared to retrospective data that highlight what chemicals potentially pose the highest exposure risk or hazard among US drinking water, which could inform regulators, utilities, and researchers alike.
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Affiliation(s)
- James S. Rosenblum
- Civil and Environmental Engineering
Department, Colorado School of Mines Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Alexander Liethen
- Civil and Environmental Engineering
Department, Colorado School of Mines Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Leslie Miller-Robbie
- Civil and Environmental Engineering
Department, Colorado School of Mines Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
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3
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Wang C, Liu T, Qian Y, Zhang B, Liu W, Zhang Y, An W, Zhou X, Yang M, Yu J. Ubiquitous occurrence of 1,4-dioxane in drinking water of China and its ecological and human health risk. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 921:171155. [PMID: 38387591 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
The occurrence and distribution of 1,4-dioxane was investigated in 280 source and finished drinking water samples from 31 Chinese cities, based on which its ecological and health risks were systematically evaluated. The findings demonstrated that 1,4-dioxane was detected in about 80.0 % samples with values ranging from n.d. to 7757 ng/L in source water and n.d. to 2918 ng/L in drinking water. 1,4-Dioxane showed limited removal efficiency using conventional coagulation-sedimentation-filtration processes (14 % ± 48 %), and a removal efficiency of 35 % ± 44 % using ozonation-biological activated carbon advanced treatment processes. Relatively higher concentrations, detection frequency and environmental risk were observed in Taihu Lake, Yellow River, Yangtze River, Zhujiang River, and Huaihe River mainly in the eastern and southern regions, where there are considerable industrial activities and comparatively high population densities. The widespread presence as by-products during manufacturing consumer products e.g., ethoxylated surfactants, suggested municipal wastewater discharges were the dominant source for the ubiquitous occurrence of 1,4-dioxane, while industrial activities, e.g. resin manufacturing, also contribute considerably to the elevated concentrations of 1,4-dioxane. The estimated risk quotients were in the range of <1.5 × 10-4 for ecological risk, <5.0 × 10-3 by oral exposure and < 5.0 × 10-2 by inhalation exposure for health risk, illustrating limited ecological harm to water environment or chronic toxicity to human health. For carcinogenic risk, 1,4-Dioxane presented a mean risk of 1.8 × 10-6 by oral exposure, which slightly surpassed the recommended acceptable levels of U.S. EPA (<10-6), and risk from inhalation exposure could be negligible. The pervasiveness in drinking water, low removal efficiencies during water treatment processes, and suspected health impacts, highlighted the necessity to set related water quality standards of 1,4-dioxane in order to improve water environment in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmiao Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Tingting Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Yaohan Qian
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Wanqing Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yongxin Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Wei An
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Xujie Zhou
- Shanghai Chengtou Raw Water Co. Ltd., Beiai Rd. 1540, Shanghai 200125, China
| | - Min Yang
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Jianwei Yu
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Nishikawa A, Nagano K, Kojima H, Fukushima S, Ogawa K. Pathogenesis of chemically induced nasal cavity tumors in rodents: contribution to adverse outcome pathway. J Toxicol Pathol 2024; 37:11-27. [PMID: 38283373 PMCID: PMC10811384 DOI: 10.1293/tox.2023-0098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of nasal cavity tumors induced in rodents has been critically reviewed. Chemical substances that induce nasal cavity tumors in rats, mice, and hamsters were searched in the National Toxicology Program (NTP), International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), and Japan Bioassay Research Center (JBRC) databases, in addition to PubMed. Detailed data such as animal species, administration routes, and histopathological types were extracted for induced nasal cavity tumors. Data on non-neoplastic lesions were also extracted. The relationship between the tumor type and non-neoplastic lesions at equivalent sites was analyzed to evaluate tumor pathogenesis. Genotoxicity data were also analyzed. Squamous cell carcinoma was the most frequent lesion, regardless of the dosing route, and its precursor lesions were squamous metaplasia and/or respiratory epithelial hyperplasia, similar to squamous cell papilloma. The precursor lesions of adenocarcinoma, the second most frequent tumor type, were mainly olfactory epithelial hyperplasia, whereas those of adenoma were respiratory epithelial lesions. These pathways were consistent among species. Our results suggest that the responsible lesions may be commonly linked with chemically-induced cytotoxicity in each tumor type, irrespective of genotoxicity, and that the pathways may largely overlap between genotoxic and non-genotoxic carcinogens. These findings may support the documentation of adverse outcome pathways (AOPs), such as cytotoxicity, leading to nasal cavity tumors and the integrated approaches to testing and assessment (IATA) for non-genotoxic carcinogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiyoshi Nishikawa
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences,
3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Nagoya Tokushukai General
Hospital, 2-52 Kouzoji-cho kita, Kasugai-shi, Aichi 487-0016, Japan
| | - Kasuke Nagano
- Nagano Toxicologic-Pathology Consulting, 467-7 Ojiri,
Hadano-shi, Kanagawa 257-0011, Japan
| | - Hajime Kojima
- Division of Risk Assessment, National Institute of Health
Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
| | - Shoji Fukushima
- Association for Promotion of Research on Risk Assessment,
1-134 Arako, Nakagawa-ku, Nagoya 454-0869, Japan
- Japan Bioassay Research Center, 2445 Hirasawa, Hadano-shi,
Kanagawa 257-0015, Japan
| | - Kumiko Ogawa
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences,
3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
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Lin N, Ding N, Meza-Wilson E, Devasurendra AM, Godwin C, Park SK, Batterman S. Volatile Organic Compounds in Disposable Diapers and Baby Wipes in the US: A Survey of Products and Health Risks. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:13732-13743. [PMID: 37683294 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c02862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Many thousands of diapers are worn by young children and the elderly, who have thin and sensitive skin that is highly vulnerable to chemicals, including volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that may be ingredients of these products or present as inadvertent or residual components. The levels and potential health risks of VOCs in diapers have not been reported previously. In this study, we collected 31 disposable hygiene products in the US market based on market share and analyzed 98 target VOCs using purge and trap sampling and thermal desorption/gas chromatography/mass spectrometer analysis. Exposures and risks were modeled using reasonable upper level exposure scenarios. Adult diapers contained the highest total target VOC concentration (median level of 23.5 μg/g), and the predominant VOCs were alkanes. In some diapers, the estimated noncancer risk from these VOCs was sometimes very large (hazard quotient of 1609) due to n-heptane. Baby diapers contained several known or suspected carcinogens, including benzene and 1,4-dioxane, and the lifetime cancer risk from some diapers approached 1 per million under a worst-case scenario. Store-brand products had higher levels of VOCs than generic brands, and products labeled "organic" or "for sensitive skin" did not necessarily have lower levels. Our results show that toxic VOCs were found in all tested disposable diapers and wipes at trace levels, and risks from using some diapers in high use exposure scenarios are high enough to warrant additional attention and possibly corrective measures. We recommend eliminating and monitoring toxic ingredients and disclosing all chemicals that may be in these products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Lin
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Ning Ding
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Emily Meza-Wilson
- College of Literature, Science, and the Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Amila Manuradha Devasurendra
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Christopher Godwin
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Sung Kyun Park
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Stuart Batterman
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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Kim MC, Park SY, Kwon SY, Kim YK, Kim YI, Seo YS, Cho SM, Shin EC, Mok JH, Lee YB. Application of Static Headspace GC-MS Method for Selective 1,4-Dioxane Detection in Food Additives. Foods 2023; 12:3299. [PMID: 37685230 PMCID: PMC10486431 DOI: 10.3390/foods12173299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Efficient detection methods must be developed for 1,4-dioxane due to its suspected status as a human carcinogen, which is highly mobile in food and environmental resources. In this regard, this experiment has been conducted to develop reliable and selective detection and measurement methods by using static headspace (SH) isolation, followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A new method was developed for determining the spiked 1,4-dioxane contents in a polyethylene glycol 600 (PEG 600). The optimal condition for SH-GC-MS was discussed. The representative ions of 1,4-dioxane and 1,4-dioxane-d8 in the SIM mode of MS are 88 and 96, respectively, and the peaks of the SIM mode were separated and confirmed. The linear range for the method covers 0.25 to 100 mg/L with a coefficient of determination (R2) ≥ 0.999. The method applicability was demonstrated by spike recovery across a variety of food additives (i.e., chlorine bitartrate, choline chloride, polysorbate 20 and 60, and PEG 1000). All spike recovery from the tested samples was in the range of 89.50-102.68% with a precision of 0.44-11.22%. These findings suggest a new analytical method for food safety inspection, and could be applicable for ensuring the safety of foods and environmental and public health on a broad scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung-Chan Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea; (M.-C.K.); (S.-Y.P.); (S.-Y.K.); (Y.-K.K.); (Y.-I.K.); (S.-M.C.); (J.H.M.)
| | - Su-Yeon Park
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea; (M.-C.K.); (S.-Y.P.); (S.-Y.K.); (Y.-K.K.); (Y.-I.K.); (S.-M.C.); (J.H.M.)
| | - Seo-Yeon Kwon
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea; (M.-C.K.); (S.-Y.P.); (S.-Y.K.); (Y.-K.K.); (Y.-I.K.); (S.-M.C.); (J.H.M.)
| | - Yu-Kyeong Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea; (M.-C.K.); (S.-Y.P.); (S.-Y.K.); (Y.-K.K.); (Y.-I.K.); (S.-M.C.); (J.H.M.)
| | - Yeong-In Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea; (M.-C.K.); (S.-Y.P.); (S.-Y.K.); (Y.-K.K.); (Y.-I.K.); (S.-M.C.); (J.H.M.)
| | - Yong-Soo Seo
- Cooperative Laboratory Center, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sueng-Mok Cho
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea; (M.-C.K.); (S.-Y.P.); (S.-Y.K.); (Y.-K.K.); (Y.-I.K.); (S.-M.C.); (J.H.M.)
| | - Eui-Cheol Shin
- Department of Food Science/GreenBio Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jin Hong Mok
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea; (M.-C.K.); (S.-Y.P.); (S.-Y.K.); (Y.-K.K.); (Y.-I.K.); (S.-M.C.); (J.H.M.)
| | - Yang-Bong Lee
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea; (M.-C.K.); (S.-Y.P.); (S.-Y.K.); (Y.-K.K.); (Y.-I.K.); (S.-M.C.); (J.H.M.)
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Lafranconi M, Anderson J, Budinsky R, Corey L, Forsberg N, Klapacz J, LeBaron MJ. An integrated assessment of the 1,4-dioxane cancer mode of action and threshold response in rodents. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2023:105428. [PMID: 37277058 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2023.105428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
1,4-Dioxane is an environmental contaminant that has been shown to cause cancer in rodents after chronic high dose exposures. We reviewed and integrated information from recently published studies to update our understanding of the cancer mode of action of 1,4-dioxane. Tumor development in rodents from exposure to high doses of 1,4-dioxane is preceded by pre-neoplastic events including increased hepatic genomic signaling activity related to mitogenesis, elevation of Cyp2E1 activity and oxidative stress leading to genotoxicity and cytotoxicity. These events are followed by regenerative repair and proliferation and eventual development of tumors. Importantly, these events occur at doses that exceed the metabolic clearance of absorbed 1,4-dioxane in rats and mice resulting in elevated systemic levels of parent 1,4-dioxane. Consistent with previous reviews, we found no evidence of direct mutagenicity from exposure to 1,4-dioxane. We also found no evidence of CAR/PXR, AhR or PPARα activation resulting from exposure to 1,4-dioxane. This integrated assessment supports a cancer mode of action that is dependent on exceeding the metabolic clearance of absorbed 1,4-dioxane, direct mitogenesis, elevation of Cyp2E1 activity and oxidative stress leading to genotoxicity and cytotoxicity followed by sustained proliferation driven by regenerative repair and progression of heritable lesions to tumor development.
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8
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Samadi A, Kermanshahi-Pour A, Budge SM, Huang Y, Jamieson R. Biodegradation of 1,4-dioxane by a native digestate microbial community under different electron accepting conditions. Biodegradation 2023; 34:283-300. [PMID: 36808270 DOI: 10.1007/s10532-023-10019-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
The potential of a native digestate microbial community for 1,4-dioxane (DX) biodegradation was evaluated under low dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations (1-3 mg/L) under different conditions in terms of electron acceptors, co-substrates, co-contaminants and temperature. Complete DX biodegradation (detection limit of 0.01 mg/L) of initial 25 mg/L was achieved in 119 days under low DO concentrations, while complete biodegradation happened faster at 91 and 77 days, respectively in nitrate-amended and aerated conditions. In addition, conducting biodegradation at 30 ˚C showed that the time required for complete DX biodegradation in unamended flasks reduced from 119 days in ambient condition (20-25 °C) to 84 days. Oxalic acid, which is a common metabolite of DX biodegradation was identified in the flasks under different treatments including unamended, nitrate-amended and aerated conditions. Furthermore, transition of the microbial community was monitored during the DX biodegradation period. While the overall richness and diversity of the microbial community decreased, several families of known DX-degrading bacteria such as Pseudonocardiaceae, Xanthobacteraceae and Chitinophagaceae were able to maintain and grow in different electron-accepting conditions. The results suggested that DX biodegradation under low DO concentrations, where no external aeration was provided, is possible by the digestate microbial community, which can be helpful to the ongoing research for DX bioremediation and natural attenuation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aryan Samadi
- Biorefining and Remediation Laboratory, Department of Process Engineering and Applied Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Azadeh Kermanshahi-Pour
- Biorefining and Remediation Laboratory, Department of Process Engineering and Applied Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
| | - Suzanne M Budge
- Department of Process Engineering and Applied Science, Dalhousie University, 1360 Barrington Street, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Yannan Huang
- Centre for Water Resources Studies, Department of Civil and Resource Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Rob Jamieson
- Centre for Water Resources Studies, Department of Civil and Resource Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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9
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Ginsberg G, Chen Y, Vasiliou V. Mechanistic Considerations in 1,4-Dioxane Cancer Risk Assessment. CURRENT OPINION IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & HEALTH 2022; 30:100407. [PMID: 37091947 PMCID: PMC10120849 DOI: 10.1016/j.coesh.2022.100407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The risk assessment of many carcinogens involves extrapolation across large exposure differences between the dose levels used in animal studies and the much lower human exposures. This is true for 1,4-dioxane which has a consistent liver carcinogenic effect in both genders of rats and mice. These data have been applied to risk assessment assuming a linear low dose extrapolation in some cases but non-linear or threshold models have been used in others. This choice hinges on our understanding of the 1,4-dioxane cancer mechanism. While 1,4-dioxane is not genotoxic in standard test batteries and has non-linear toxicokinetics, the mechanism for its carcinogenic effect remains unknown and is an active area of research. This review summarizes the possible modes of action for this chemical, data gaps and application to risk assessment. We find that the cytotoxicity/hyperplasia and metabolic saturation hypotheses do not explain the carcinogenic response and do not take into account 1,4-dioxane's induction of its own metabolism, leading to less likelihood for saturation during chronic exposure. There is evidence for other mechanisms, especially oxidative stress associated with the induction of CYP2E1 and in vivo genotoxicity that is not seen in vitro. The dose response for these effects needs further exploration compared to the time course and dose response for 1,4-dioxane-induced carcinogenesis. An additional consideration is the manner in which these 1,4-dioxane effects may augment naturally occurring and disease-related processes that contribute to the increasing rate of human liver cancer. These factors add to the rationale for using a non-threshold linear approach for extrapolating to low dose for this carcinogen, which is consistent with the default for carcinogens which do not have a clearly defined mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Ginsberg
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Vasilis Vasiliou
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
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10
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Wang Y, Charkoftaki G, Davidson E, Orlicky DJ, Tanguay RL, Thompson DC, Vasiliou V, Chen Y. Oxidative stress, glutathione, and CYP2E1 in 1,4-dioxane liver cytotoxicity and genotoxicity: insights from animal models. CURRENT OPINION IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & HEALTH 2022; 29:100389. [PMID: 37483863 PMCID: PMC10361651 DOI: 10.1016/j.coesh.2022.100389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
1,4-Dioxane (DX) is an emerging drinking water contaminant worldwide, which poses a threat to public health due to its demonstrated liver carcinogenicity and potential for human exposure. The lack of drinking water standards for DX is attributed to undetermined mechanisms of DX carcinogenicity. This mini-review provides a brief discussion of a series of mechanistic studies, wherein unique mouse models were exposed to DX in drinking water to elucidate redox changes associated with DX cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. The overall conclusions from these studies support a direct genotoxic effect by high dose DX and imply that oxidative stress involving CYP2E1 activation may play a causal role in DX liver genotoxicity and potentially carcinogenicity. The mechanistic data derived from these studies can serve as important references to refine the assessment of carcinogenic pathways that may be triggered at environmentally relevant low doses of DX in future animal and human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yewei Wang
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Georgia Charkoftaki
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Emily Davidson
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - David J. Orlicky
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Robyn L. Tanguay
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - David C. Thompson
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Vasilis Vasiliou
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
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11
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Kobets T, Smith BPC, Williams GM. Food-Borne Chemical Carcinogens and the Evidence for Human Cancer Risk. Foods 2022; 11:foods11182828. [PMID: 36140952 PMCID: PMC9497933 DOI: 10.3390/foods11182828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Commonly consumed foods and beverages can contain chemicals with reported carcinogenic activity in rodent models. Moreover, exposures to some of these substances have been associated with increased cancer risks in humans. Food-borne carcinogens span a range of chemical classes and can arise from natural or anthropogenic sources, as well as form endogenously. Important considerations include the mechanism(s) of action (MoA), their relevance to human biology, and the level of exposure in diet. The MoAs of carcinogens have been classified as either DNA-reactive (genotoxic), involving covalent reaction with nuclear DNA, or epigenetic, involving molecular and cellular effects other than DNA reactivity. Carcinogens are generally present in food at low levels, resulting in low daily intakes, although there are some exceptions. Carcinogens of the DNA-reactive type produce effects at lower dosages than epigenetic carcinogens. Several food-related DNA-reactive carcinogens, including aflatoxins, aristolochic acid, benzene, benzo[a]pyrene and ethylene oxide, are recognized by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) as causes of human cancer. Of the epigenetic type, the only carcinogen considered to be associated with increased cancer in humans, although not from low-level food exposure, is dioxin (TCDD). Thus, DNA-reactive carcinogens in food represent a much greater risk than epigenetic carcinogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetyana Kobets
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-914-594-3105; Fax: +1-914-594-4163
| | - Benjamin P. C. Smith
- Future Ready Food Safety Hub, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Gary M. Williams
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
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12
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“For Asia Market Only”: A Green Tattoo Ink between Safety and Regulations. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27113491. [PMID: 35684430 PMCID: PMC9182426 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27113491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the increasing tattoo practicing in Eastern countries and general concern on tattoo ink composition and safety, the green tattoo inks Green Concentrate by Eternal, for European and “for Asia Market Only” were analyzed, under the premise that only the former falls under a composition regulation. A separation of the additives from the pigment was carried out by successive extraction in solvents of different polarities, i.e., water, acetone and dichloromethane. The solid residues were analyzed by IR and Raman spectroscopies, the liquid fractions by GC/mass spectrometry. The relative pigment load and element traces were also estimated. We found that the European and the Asian inks are based on the same pigment, PG7, restricted in Europe, though at different loads. They have a similar content of harmful impurities, such as Ni, As, Cd and Sb and both contain siloxanes, including harmful D4. Furthermore, they have different physical-chemical properties, the European ink being more hydrophilic, the Asian more hydrophobic. Additionally, the Asian ink contains harmful additives for the solubilization of hydrophobic matrices and by-products of the phthalocyanine synthesis. Teratogenic phthalates are present as well as chlorinated teratogenic and carcinogenic compounds usually associated to the laser treatment for removal purposes, to a larger extent in the European ink. The composition of the inks does not seem to reflect regulatory restrictions, where issued.
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13
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Chen Y, Wang Y, Charkoftaki G, Orlicky DJ, Davidson E, Wan F, Ginsberg G, Thompson DC, Vasiliou V. Oxidative stress and genotoxicity in 1,4-dioxane liver toxicity as evidenced in a mouse model of glutathione deficiency. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 806:150703. [PMID: 34600989 PMCID: PMC8633123 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
1,4-Dioxane (DX) is a synthetic chemical used as a stabilizer for industrial solvents. Recent occurrence data show widespread and significant contamination of drinking water with DX in the US. DX is classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer as a group 2B carcinogen with the primary target organ being the liver in animal studies. Despite the exposure and cancer risk, US EPA has not established a drinking water Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) for DX and a wide range of drinking water targets have been established across the US and by Health Canada. The DX carcinogenic mechanism remains unknown; this information gap contributes to the varied approaches to its regulation. Our recent mice study indicated alterations in oxidative stress response accompanying DNA damage as an early change by high dose DX (5000 ppm) in drinking water. Herein, we report a follow-up study, in which we used glutathione (GSH)-deficient glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit (Gclm)-null mice to investigate the role of redox homeostasis in DX-induced liver cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. Gclm-null and wild-type mice were exposed to DX for one week (1000 mg/kg/day by oral gavage) or three months (5000 ppm in drinking water). Subchronic exposure of high dose DX caused mild liver cytotoxicity. DX induced assorted molecular changes in the liver including: (i) a compensatory nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) anti-oxidative response at the early stage (one week), (ii) progressive CYP2E1 induction, (iii) development of oxidative stress, as evidenced by persistent NRF2 induction, oxidation of GSH pool, and accumulation of the lipid peroxidation by-product 4-hydroxynonenal, and (iv) elevations in oxidative DNA damage and DNA repair response. These DX-elicited changes were exaggerated in GSH-deficient mice. Collectively, the current study provides additional evidence linking redox dysregulation to DX liver genotoxicity, implying oxidative stress as a candidate mechanism of DX liver carcinogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
| | - Yewei Wang
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Georgia Charkoftaki
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - David J Orlicky
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Emily Davidson
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Fengjie Wan
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Gary Ginsberg
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - David C Thompson
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Skaggs School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Vasilis Vasiliou
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
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14
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Mo X, Liu Q, Gao L, Xie C, Wei X, Pang P, Tian Q, Gao Y, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Xiong T, Zhong B, Li D, Yao J. The industrial solvent 1,4-dioxane causes hyperalgesia by targeting capsaicin receptor TRPV1. BMC Biol 2022; 20:10. [PMID: 34996439 PMCID: PMC8742357 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-021-01211-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The synthetic chemical 1,4-dioxane is used as industrial solvent, food, and care product additive. 1,4-Dioxane has been noted to influence the nervous system in long-term animal experiments and in humans, but the molecular mechanisms underlying its effects on animals were not previously known. RESULTS Here, we report that 1,4-dioxane potentiates the capsaicin-sensitive transient receptor potential (TRP) channel TRPV1, thereby causing hyperalgesia in mouse model. This effect was abolished by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genetic deletion of TRPV1 in sensory neurons, but enhanced under inflammatory conditions. 1,4-Dioxane lowered the temperature threshold for TRPV1 thermal activation and potentiated the channel sensitivity to agonistic stimuli. 1,3-dioxane and tetrahydrofuran which are structurally related to 1,4-dioxane also potentiated TRPV1 activation. The residue M572 in the S4-S5 linker region of TRPV1 was found to be crucial for direct activation of the channel by 1,4-dioxane and its analogs. A single residue mutation M572V abrogated the 1,4-dioxane-evoked currents while largely preserving the capsaicin responses. Our results further demonstrate that this residue exerts a gating effect through hydrophobic interactions and support the existence of discrete domains for multimodal gating of TRPV1 channel. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest TRPV1 is a co-receptor for 1,4-dioxane and that this accounts for its ability to dysregulate body nociceptive sensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, China
| | - Luna Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, China
| | - Chang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, China
| | - Xin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, China
| | - Peiyuan Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, China
| | - Quan Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, China
| | - Yue Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, China
| | - Youjing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, China
| | - Tianchen Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, China
| | - Bo Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, China
| | - Dongdong Li
- Institute of Biology Paris Seine, Neuroscience Paris Seine, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR8246, INSERM U1130, UPMC UM119, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Jing Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, China.
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15
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Fallas PZ, Kimzey JQ, Hundi P, Islam MT, Noveron JC, Alvarez PJJ, Shahsavari R. Combinatorial Analysis of Sparse Experiments on Photocatalytic Performance of Cement Composites: A Route toward Optimizing Multifunctional Materials for Water Purification. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:5699-5706. [PMID: 33900778 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c00654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Blending TiO2 and cement to create photocatalytic composites holds promise for low-cost, durable water treatment. However, the efficiency of such composites hinges on cross-effects of several parameters such as cement composition, type of photocatalyst, and microstructure, which are poorly understood and require extensive combinatorial tests to discern. Here, we report a new combinatorial data science approach to understand the influence of various photocatalytic cement composites based on limited datasets. Using P25 nanoparticles and submicron-sized anatase as representative TiO2 photocatalysts and methyl orange and 1,4-dioxane as target organic pollutants, we demonstrate that the cement composition is a more influential factor on photocatalytic activity than the cement microstructure and TiO2 type and particle size. Among the various cement constituents, belite and ferrite had strong inverse correlation with photocatalytic activity, while natural rutile had a positive correlation, which suggests optimization opportunities by manipulating the cement composition. These results were discerned by screening 7806 combinatorial functions that capture cross-effects of multiple compositional phases and obtaining correlation scores. We also report •OH radical generation, cement aging effects, TiO2 leaching, and strategies to regenerate photocatalytic surfaces for reuse. This work provides several nonintuitive correlations and insights on the effect of cement composition and structure on performance, thus advancing our knowledge on development of scalable photocatalytic materials for drinking water treatment in rural and resource-limited areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Zuniga Fallas
- NSF ERC for Nanotechnology Enabled Water Treatment (NEWT), Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Jaime Quesada Kimzey
- Escuela de Química, Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, Cartago 159-7050, Costa Rica
| | - Prabhas Hundi
- Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Md Tariqul Islam
- NSF ERC for Nanotechnology Enabled Water Treatment (NEWT), Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Dept. of Chemistry, University of Texas, El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Juan C Noveron
- NSF ERC for Nanotechnology Enabled Water Treatment (NEWT), Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Dept. of Chemistry, University of Texas, El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Pedro J J Alvarez
- NSF ERC for Nanotechnology Enabled Water Treatment (NEWT), Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Rouzbeh Shahsavari
- C-Crete Technologies, 13000 Murphy Rd, Ste 102, Stafford, Texas 7477, United States
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16
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Matsumoto M, Yamano S, Senoh H, Umeda Y, Hirai S, Saito A, Kasai T, Aiso S. Carcinogenicity and chronic toxicity of acrolein in rats and mice by two-year inhalation study. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 121:104863. [PMID: 33465397 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2021.104863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The carcinogenicity and chronic toxicity of acrolein was examined by whole body inhalation to groups of 50 F344/DuCrlCrlj rats and 50 B6D2F1/Crlj mice of both sexes for two years. The concentration of acrolein was 0, 0.1, 0.5 or 2 ppm (v/v) for male and female rats; and 0, 0.1, 0.4 or 1.6 ppm for male and female mice. Two-year administration of acrolein induced the squamous cell carcinomas in nasal cavity which is rare tumor in one male and two female rats. In females, rhabdomyoma in nasal cavity was observed in four rats exposed to 2 ppm. In mice, since the survival rate of male and female of mice control group were lowered than 25% in late of the administration periods due to renal lesion and/or amyloid deposition, the mice study was terminated at 93rd week in males, and was terminated at 99th week in females. The incidences of adenomas in nasal cavity were observed in 16 females and significantly increased only in female mice. Thus, acrolein is carcinogenic in two species, i.e. rats and mice. Additionally, non-neoplastic nasal cavity lesions in rats and mice were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiharu Matsumoto
- Japan Bioassay Research Center, Japan Organization of Occupational Health and Safety, Japan.
| | - Shotaro Yamano
- Japan Bioassay Research Center, Japan Organization of Occupational Health and Safety, Japan
| | - Hideki Senoh
- Japan Bioassay Research Center, Japan Organization of Occupational Health and Safety, Japan
| | - Yumi Umeda
- Japan Bioassay Research Center, Japan Organization of Occupational Health and Safety, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Hirai
- Japan Bioassay Research Center, Japan Organization of Occupational Health and Safety, Japan
| | - Arata Saito
- Japan Bioassay Research Center, Japan Organization of Occupational Health and Safety, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Kasai
- Japan Bioassay Research Center, Japan Organization of Occupational Health and Safety, Japan
| | - Shigetoshi Aiso
- Japan Bioassay Research Center, Japan Organization of Occupational Health and Safety, Japan
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17
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Charkoftaki G, Golla JP, Santos-Neto A, Orlicky DJ, Garcia-Milian R, Chen Y, Rattray NJW, Cai Y, Wang Y, Shearn CT, Mironova V, Wang Y, Johnson CH, Thompson DC, Vasiliou V. Identification of Dose-Dependent DNA Damage and Repair Responses From Subchronic Exposure to 1,4-Dioxane in Mice Using a Systems Analysis Approach. Toxicol Sci 2021; 183:338-351. [PMID: 33693819 PMCID: PMC8921626 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfab030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
1,4-Dioxane (1,4-DX) is an environmental contaminant found in drinking water throughout the United States. Although it is a suspected liver carcinogen, there is no federal or state maximum contaminant level for 1,4-DX in drinking water. Very little is known about the mechanisms by which this chemical elicits liver carcinogenicity. In the present study, female BDF-1 mice were exposed to 1,4-DX (0, 50, 500, and 5,000mg/L) in their drinking water for 1 or 4 weeks, to explore the toxic effects. Histopathological studies and a multi-omics approach (transcriptomics and metabolomics) were performed to investigate potential mechanisms of toxicity. Immunohistochemical analysis of the liver revealed increased H2AXγ-positive hepatocytes (a marker of DNA double-strand breaks), and an expansion of precholangiocytes (reflecting both DNA damage and repair mechanisms) after exposure. Liver transcriptomics revealed 1,4-DX-induced perturbations in signaling pathways predicted to impact the oxidative stress response, detoxification, and DNA damage. Liver, kidney, feces, and urine metabolomic profiling revealed no effect of 1,4-DX exposure, and bile acid quantification in liver and feces similarly showed no effect of exposure. We speculate that the results may be reflective of DNA damage being counterbalanced by the repair response, with the net result being a null overall effect on the systemic biochemistry of the exposed mice. Our results show a novel approach for the investigation of environmental chemicals that do not elicit cell death but have activated the repair systems in response to 1,4-DX exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Charkoftaki
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06250, USA
| | - Jaya Prakash Golla
- Present address: Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Alvaro Santos-Neto
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06250, USA,São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Carlos 13566-590, SP, Brazil
| | - David J Orlicky
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Rolando Garcia-Milian
- Bioinformatics Support Program, Cushing/Whitney Medical Library, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06250, USA
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06250, USA
| | - Nicholas J W Rattray
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06250, USA,Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - Yuping Cai
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06250, USA
| | - Yewei Wang
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06250, USA
| | - Colin T Shearn
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
| | - Varvara Mironova
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06250, USA
| | - Yensheng Wang
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06250, USA
| | - Caroline H Johnson
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06250, USA
| | - David C Thompson
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
| | - Vasilis Vasiliou
- To whom correspondence should be addressed at Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, 60 College Street, Rm. 511, PO Box 208034, New Haven, CT 06520-8034, USA. E-mail:
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18
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Chappell GA, Heintz MM, Haws LC. Transcriptomic analyses of livers from mice exposed to 1,4-dioxane for up to 90 days to assess potential mode(s) of action underlying liver tumor development. Curr Res Toxicol 2021; 2:30-41. [PMID: 34345848 PMCID: PMC8320614 DOI: 10.1016/j.crtox.2021.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
1,4-Dioxane is a volatile organic compound with industrial and commercial applications as a solvent and in the manufacture of other chemicals. 1,4-Dioxane has been demonstrated to induce liver tumors in chronic rodent bioassays conducted at very high doses. The available evidence for 1,4-dioxane-induced liver tumors in rodents aligns with a threshold-dependent mode of action (MOA), with the underlying mechanism being less clear in the mouse than in rats. To gain a better understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms related to liver tumor development in mice orally exposed to 1,4-dioxane, transcriptomics analysis was conducted on liver tissue collected from a 90-day drinking water study in female B6D2F1/Crl mice (Lafranconi et al., 2020). Using tissue samples from female mice exposed to 1,4-dioxane in the drinking water at concentrations of 0, 40, 200, 600, 2,000 or 6,000 ppm for 7, 28, and 90 days, transcriptomic analyses demonstrate minimal treatment effects on global gene expression at concentrations below 600 ppm. At higher concentrations, genes involved in phase II metabolism and mitotic cell cycle checkpoints were significantly upregulated. There was an overall lack of enrichment of genes related to DNA damage response. The increase in mitotic signaling is most prevalent in the livers of mice exposed to 1,4-dioxane at the highest concentrations for 90 days. This finding aligns with phenotypic changes reported by Lafranconi et al. (2020) after 90-days of exposure to 6,000 ppm 1,4-dioxane in the same tissues. The transcriptomics analysis further supports overarching study findings demonstrating a non-mutagenic, threshold-based, mitogenic MOA for 1,4-dioxane-induced liver tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Chappell
- ToxStrategies, Inc., Asheville, NC, United States
| | - M M Heintz
- ToxStrategies, Inc., Asheville, NC, United States
| | - L C Haws
- ToxStrategies, Inc., Austin, TX, United States
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19
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A 90-day drinking water study in mice to characterize early events in the cancer mode of action of 1,4-dioxane. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2020; 119:104819. [PMID: 33189748 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2020.104819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Studies demonstrate that with sufficient dose and duration, 1,4-dioxane (1,4-DX) induces liver tumors in laboratory rodent models. The available evidence aligns with a threshold-dependent, tumor promotion mode of action (MOA). The MOA and key events (KE) in rats are well developed but less so in the mouse. Therefore, we conducted a 90-day drinking water study in female mice to evaluate early KE at 7, 28, and 90 days. Female B6D2F1/Crl mice consumed drinking water containing 0, 40, 200, 600, 2000 or 6000 ppm 1,4-DX. 1,4-DX was detected in blood at 90-days of exposure to 6000 ppm, but not in the other exposure groups, indicating a metabolic clearance threshold between 2000 and 6000. Early events identified in this study include glycogen-like vacuolization, centrilobular hypertrophy, centrilobular GST-P staining, apoptosis, and pan-lobular increase in cell proliferation observed after 90-days of exposure to 6000 ppm 1,4-DX. There was minimal evidence of hepatotoxicity over the duration of this study. These findings demonstrate a previously unreported direct mitogenic response following exposures exceeding the metabolic clearance threshold of 1,4-DX. Collectively, the information generated in this study supports a threshold MOA for the development of liver tumors in mice after exposure to 1,4-DX.
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20
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Zhou Q, Jiang L, Qiu J, Pan Y, Swanda RV, Shi P, Li AM, Zhang X. Oral Exposure to 1,4-Dioxane Induces Hepatic Inflammation in Mice: The Potential Promoting Effect of the Gut Microbiome. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:10149-10158. [PMID: 32674564 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c01543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
1,4-Dioxane is a widely used industrial solvent that has been frequently detected in aquatic environments. However, the hepatotoxicity of long-term dioxane exposure at environmentally relevant concentrations and underlying mechanisms of liver damage remain unclear. In this study, male mice were exposed to dioxane at concentrations of 0.5, 5, 50, and 500 ppm for 12 weeks, followed by histopathological examination of liver sections and multiomics investigation of the hepatic transcriptome, serum metabolome, and gut microbiome. Results showed that dioxane exposure at environmentally relevant concentrations induced hepatic inflammation and caused changes in the hepatic transcriptome and serum metabolic profiles. However, no inflammatory response was observed after in vitro exposure to all concentrations of dioxane and its in vivo metabolites. The gut microbiome was considered to be contributing to this apparently contradictory response. Increased levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) may be produced by some gut microbiota, such as Porphyromonadaceae and Helicobacteraceae, after in vivo 500 ppm of dioxane exposure. LPS may enter the blood circulation through an impaired intestinal wall and aggravate hepatic inflammation in mice. This study provides novel insight into the underlying mechanisms of hepatic inflammation induced by dioxane and highlights the need for concerns about environmentally relevant concentrations of dioxane exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Liujing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingfan Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology of Jiangsu Province, Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Robert V Swanda
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, 244 Garden Avenue, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Peng Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Ai-Min Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China
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Nomura Y, Fukahori S, Fujiwara T. Removal of 1,4-dioxane from landfill leachate by a rotating advanced oxidation contactor equipped with activated carbon/TiO 2 composite sheets. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 383:121005. [PMID: 31671356 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A rotating advanced oxidation contactor (RAOC) equipped with activated carbon (AC)/TiO2 composite sheets for 1,4-dioxane removal from biologically treated landfill leachate (BTLL) was developed. The performance of the RAOC in 1,4-dioxane removal was compared to that of a TiO2 slurry reactor by evaluating the removal efficiencies in pure water (PW) and the BTLL. In the TiO2 slurry reactor, 1,4-dioxane was hardly degraded in the BTLL during 66 h of treatment because of strong inhibition by coexisting substances in the BTLL. In contrast, the RAOC successfully removed 1,4-dioxane from the BTLL by 89% through adsorption and by 81% through photocatalysis during treatment for 66 h. The ratio of the rate constants for degrading 1,4-dioxane in the BTLL and PW by the RAOC was two orders of magnitude higher than that for a TiO2 slurry reactor. This shows that the RAOC greatly mitigated the inhibition by coexisting substances in the BTLL. The electrical energy required for 1,4-dioxane degradation in the BTLL by the RAOC was much lower than that required for degradation by the TiO2 slurry reactor. The results show that the RAOC equipped with AC/TiO2 composite sheets effectively removed 1,4-dioxane from BTLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youhei Nomura
- Research and Education Faculty, Natural Sciences Cluster, Agriculture Unit, Kochi University, 200 Monobe Otsu, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8502, Japan; The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan
| | - Shuji Fukahori
- Paper Industry Innovation Center of Ehime University, 127 Mendori-cho, Shikokuchuo, Ehime 799-0113, Japan
| | - Taku Fujiwara
- Research and Education Faculty, Natural Sciences Cluster, Agriculture Unit, Kochi University, 200 Monobe Otsu, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8502, Japan.
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22
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TOTSUKA Y, MAESAKO Y, ONO H, NAGAI M, KATO M, GI M, WANIBUCHI H, FUKUSHIMA S, SHIIZAKI K, NAKAGAMA H. Comprehensive analysis of DNA adducts (DNA adductome analysis) in the liver of rats treated with 1,4-dioxane. PROCEEDINGS OF THE JAPAN ACADEMY. SERIES B, PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2020; 96:180-187. [PMID: 32389918 PMCID: PMC7248212 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.96.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
1,4-Dioxane is a genotoxic carcinogen, and its mutagenic properties were recently observed in the liver of guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (gpt) delta transgenic rats. However, the mechanisms of its genotoxicity remain unclear. We analyzed DNA adduct formation in rat livers following 1,4-dioxane treatment. After administering 1,4-dioxane in drinking water at doses of 0, 20, 200, and 5,000 ppm, liver adduct formation was analyzed by DNA adductome analysis. Adducts in treated rat livers were dose-dependently increased compared with those in the control group. Principal component analysis-discriminant analysis (PCA-DA) clearly revealed two clusters of DNA adducts, associated with 0 ppm and low-dose (20 ppm) 1,4-dioxane-treatment versus middle- and high-dose (200, 5,000 ppm)-treated rats. After confirming the intensity of each adduct, three adducts were screened as characteristic of 1,4-dioxane treatment. Two of the three candidates contained thymine or cytidine/uracil moieties. Another candidate was identified as 8-oxo-dG based on mass fragmentation together with high-resolution accurate-mass (HRAM) mass spectrometry data. Oxidative stress responses may partly explain the mechanisms of increased mutations in the liver of gpt delta rats following 1,4-dioxane treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukari TOTSUKA
- Division of Carcinogenesis & Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuya MAESAKO
- Division of Carcinogenesis & Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Toyo University, Itakura, Gunma, Japan
| | - Hanako ONO
- Department of Bioinformatics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Momoko NAGAI
- Department of Bioinformatics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mamoru KATO
- Department of Bioinformatics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Min GI
- Department of Environmental Risk Assessment, Osaka City University, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hideki WANIBUCHI
- Department of Environmental Risk Assessment, Osaka City University, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shoji FUKUSHIMA
- Japan Bioassay Research Center, Japan Organization of Occupational Health and Safety, Hadano, Kanagawa, Japan
- Association for Promotion of Research on Risk Assessment, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro SHIIZAKI
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Toyo University, Itakura, Gunma, Japan
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Godri Pollitt KJ, Kim JH, Peccia J, Elimelech M, Zhang Y, Charkoftaki G, Hodges B, Zucker I, Huang H, Deziel NC, Murphy K, Ishii M, Johnson CH, Boissevain A, O'Keefe E, Anastas PT, Orlicky D, Thompson DC, Vasiliou V. 1,4-Dioxane as an emerging water contaminant: State of the science and evaluation of research needs. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 690:853-866. [PMID: 31302550 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
1,4-Dioxane has historically been used to stabilize chlorinated solvents and more recently has been found as a contaminant of numerous consumer and food products. Once discharged into the environment, its physical and chemical characteristics facilitate migration in groundwater, resulting in widespread contamination of drinking water supplies. Over one-fifth of U.S. public drinking water supplies contain detectable levels of 1,4-dioxane. Remediation efforts using common adsorption and membrane filtration techniques have been ineffective, highlighting the need for alternative removal approaches. While the data evaluating human exposure and health effects are limited, animal studies have shown chronic exposure to cause carcinogenic responses in the liver across multiple species and routes of exposure. Based on this experimental evidence, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has listed 1,4-dioxane as a high priority chemical and classified it as a probable human carcinogen. Despite these health concerns, there are no federal or state maximum contaminant levels for 1,4-dioxane. Effective public health policy for this emerging contaminant requires additional information about human health effects, chemical interactions, environmental fate, analytical detection, and treatment technologies. This review highlights the current state of knowledge, key uncertainties, and data needs for future research on 1,4-dioxane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystal J Godri Pollitt
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, United States.
| | - Jae-Hong Kim
- Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering & Applied Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, United States
| | - Jordan Peccia
- Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering & Applied Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, United States
| | - Menachem Elimelech
- Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering & Applied Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, United States
| | - Yawei Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, United States; Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, United States
| | - Georgia Charkoftaki
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, United States
| | - Brenna Hodges
- Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering & Applied Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, United States
| | - Ines Zucker
- Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering & Applied Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, United States
| | - Huang Huang
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, United States
| | - Nicole C Deziel
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, United States
| | - Kara Murphy
- Northeast States for Coordinated Air Use Management (NESCAUM), Boston, MA 02111, United States
| | - Momoko Ishii
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, United States
| | - Caroline H Johnson
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, United States
| | | | - Elaine O'Keefe
- Office of Public Health Practice, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, United States
| | - Paul T Anastas
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, United States; Center for Green Chemistry and Green Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Yale School of Forestry & Environmental Studies, New Haven, CT 06511, United States
| | - David Orlicky
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
| | - David C Thompson
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Colorado School of Pharmacy, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
| | - Vasilis Vasiliou
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, United States.
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Qiu J, Cheng J, Xie Y, Jiang L, Shi P, Li X, Swanda RV, Zhou J, Wang Y. 1,4-Dioxane exposure induces kidney damage in mice by perturbing specific renal metabolic pathways: An integrated omics insight into the underlying mechanisms. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 228:149-158. [PMID: 31029960 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.04.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Revised: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
1,4-Dioxane (dioxane), an industrial solvent widely detected in environmental and biological matrices, has potential nephrotoxicity. However, the underlying mechanism by which dioxane induces kidney damage remains unclear. In this study, we used an integrated approach, combining kidney transcriptomics and urine metabolomics, to explore the mechanism for the toxic effects of dioxane on the mouse kidney. Transcriptomics profiling showed that exposure to 0.5 mg/L dioxane induced perturbations of multiple signaling pathways in kidneys, such as MAPK and Wnt, although no changes in oxidative stress indicators or anatomical pathology were observed. Exposure to 500 mg/L dioxane significantly disrupted various metabolic pathways, concomitantly with observed renal tissue damage and stimulated oxidant defense system. Urine metabolomic analysis using NMR indicated that exposure to dioxane gradually altered the metabolic profile of urine. Within the full range of altered metabolites, the metabolic pathway containing glycine, serine and threonine was the most significantly altered pathway at the early stage of exposure (3 weeks) in both 0.5 and 500 mg/L dioxane-treated groups. However, with prolonged exposure (9 and 12 weeks), the level of taurine significantly decreased after treatment of 0.5 mg/L dioxane, while exposure to 500 mg/L dioxane significantly increased glutathione levels in urine and decreased arginine metabolism. Furthermore, integrated omics analysis showed that 500 mg/L dioxane exposure induced arginine deficiency by perturbing several genes involved in renal arginine metabolism. Shortage of arginine coupled with increased oxidative stress could lead to renal dysfunction. These findings offer novel insights into the toxicity of dioxane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingfan Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology of Jiangsu Province, Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
| | - Jiade Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yanci Xie
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology of Jiangsu Province, Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Liujing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Peng Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xinying Li
- High School Affiliated to Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210003, China
| | - Robert V Swanda
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, 14853, United States
| | - Jun Zhou
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology of Jiangsu Province, Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
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Rahman MM, Wahid A, Asiri AM. Development of highly sensitive 1,4-dioxane sensor with semiconductor NiO-doped Nd2O3 nanostructures by electrochemical approach. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj05050g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this approach, selective and sensitive 1,4-dioxane sensor probe was developed based on facile NiO@Nd2O3 nanocomposites embedded GCE for the safety management of environment and health care fields at a large scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed M. Rahman
- Chemistry Department
- King Abdulaziz University
- Faculty of Science
- Jeddah 21589
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul Wahid
- Chemistry Department
- King Abdulaziz University
- Faculty of Science
- Jeddah 21589
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah M. Asiri
- Chemistry Department
- King Abdulaziz University
- Faculty of Science
- Jeddah 21589
- Saudi Arabia
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Itoh S, Hattori C. In vivo genotoxicity of 1,4-dioxane evaluated by liver and bone marrow micronucleus tests and Pig-a assay in rats. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2018; 837:8-14. [PMID: 30595213 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
1,4-Dioxane, used widely as a solvent in the manufacture of chemicals and as a laboratory reagent, induced liver adenomas and carcinomas in mice and rats, and nasal tumors in rats in several long-term studies. 1,4-Dioxane has been reported to be non-genotoxic in vitro, and there is no clear conclusion concerning its in vivo genotoxicity in rodents. In the present study, we investigated the ability of 1,4-dioxane to induce micronuclei in the liver and bone marrow of rats. For the liver micronucleus test, we performed the juvenile animal method and two methods using partial hepatectomy (PH), dosing before PH or dosing after PH. We also evaluated the in vivo mutagenicity of 1,4-dioxane by Pig-a gene mutation assay using rat peripheral blood. As a result, all methods of liver micronucleus test showed an increase in the frequency of micronucleated hepatocytes by 1,4-dioxane. The dosing before PH, a suitable method for detecting structural chromosome aberration inducers, showed the clearest response for micronucleated hepatocytes induction among the three methods. This finding is consistent with a previous report that 1,4-dioxane induces mainly chromosome breakage in the liver. Negative results were obtained in the bone marrow micronucleus test and Pig-a gene mutation assay in our study. These results suggested that 1,4-dioxane is clastogenic in the liver but not genotoxic in the bone marrow of rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Itoh
- Medicinal Safety Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-16-13, Kitakasai, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo, 134-8630, Japan.
| | - Chiharu Hattori
- Biologics & Immuno-Oncology Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-2-58, Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 140-8710, Japan
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28
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Gi M, Fujioka M, Kakehashi A, Okuno T, Masumura K, Nohmi T, Matsumoto M, Omori M, Wanibuchi H, Fukushima S. In vivo positive mutagenicity of 1,4-dioxane and quantitative analysis of its mutagenicity and carcinogenicity in rats. Arch Toxicol 2018; 92:3207-3221. [PMID: 30155721 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-018-2282-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
1,4-Dioxane is a widely used synthetic industrial chemical and its contamination of drinking water and food is a potential health concern. It induces liver tumors when administered in the drinking water to rats and mice. However, the mode of action (MOA) of the hepatocarcinogenicity of 1,4-dioxane remains unclear. Importantly, it is unknown if 1,4-dioxane is genotoxic, a key consideration for risk assessment. To determine the in vivo mutagenicity of 1,4-dioxane, gpt delta transgenic F344 rats were administered 1,4-dioxane at various doses in the drinking water for 16 weeks. The overall mutation frequency (MF) and A:T- to -G:C transitions and A:T- to -T:A transversions in the gpt transgene were significantly increased by administration of 5000 ppm 1,4-dioxane. A:T- to -T:A transversions were also significantly increased by administration of 1000 ppm 1,4-dioxane. Furthermore, the DNA repair enzyme MGMT was significantly induced at 5000 ppm 1,4-dioxane, implying that extensive genetic damage exceeded the repair capacity of the cells in the liver and consequently led to liver carcinogenesis. No evidence supporting other MOAs, including induction of oxidative stress, cytotoxicity, or nuclear receptor activation, that could contribute to the carcinogenic effects of 1,4-dioxane were found. These findings demonstrate that 1,4-dioxane is a genotoxic hepatocarcinogen and induces hepatocarcinogenesis through a mutagenic MOA in rats. Because our data indicate that 1,4-dioxane is a genotoxic carcinogen, we estimated the point of departure of the mutagenicity and carcinogenicity of 1,4-dioxane using the no-observed effect-level approach and the Benchmark dose approach to characterize its dose-response relationship at low doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Gi
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Masaki Fujioka
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Anna Kakehashi
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Takahiro Okuno
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Kenichi Masumura
- Division of Genetics and Mutagenesis, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan
| | - Takehiko Nohmi
- Biological Safety Research Center, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan
| | - Michiharu Matsumoto
- Japan Bioassay Research Center, Japan Organization of Occupational Health and Safety, Hadano, Kanagawa, 257-0015, Japan
| | - Masako Omori
- Association for Promotion of Research on Risk Assessment, Nakagawa-ku, Nagoya, 454-0869, Japan
| | - Hideki Wanibuchi
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Shoji Fukushima
- Japan Bioassay Research Center, Japan Organization of Occupational Health and Safety, Hadano, Kanagawa, 257-0015, Japan.
- Association for Promotion of Research on Risk Assessment, Nakagawa-ku, Nagoya, 454-0869, Japan.
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Matsumoto M, Kano H, Suzuki M, Noguchi T, Umeda Y, Fukushima S. Carcinogenicity of quinoline by drinking-water administration in rats and mice. J Toxicol Sci 2018; 43:113-127. [PMID: 29479033 DOI: 10.2131/jts.43.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The carcinogenicity of quinoline was examined by administrating quinoline in the drinking water to groups of 50 F344/DuCrj rats and 50 Crj: BDF1 mice of each sex. In rats, the doses of quinoline were 0, 200, 400, and 800 ppm for males and 0, 150, 300, and 600 ppm for females. In male rats, administration of quinoline was terminated at week 96 due to high mortality caused by tumors. There were significant increases of hepatocellular adenomas, hepatocellular carcinomas, hepatocellular adenomas and/or carcinomas (combined), and liver hemangiomas, hemangiosarcomas, hemangiomas and/or hemangiosarcomas (combined) in both male and female rats, and nasal esthesioneuroepitheliomas and sarcoma NOS (not otherwise specified) in males. In mice, doses of quinoline were 0, 150, 300 and 600 ppm for both males and females. Administration of quinoline was terminated at week 65 in males and at week 50 in females due to high mortality caused by tumors. There were marked increases of hemangiomas, hemangiosarcomas, and hemangiomas and/or hemangiosarcomas (combined) in the retroperitoneum, mesenterium, and liver in males, and in the retroperitoneum, mesenterium, peritoneum, and subcutis in females. Additionally, histiocytic sarcomas were statistically increased in the livers of female mice. Thus the present studies provided clear evidence of carcinogenic activity of quinoline administered in the drinking water in both rats and mice.
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Cortés-Arriagada D. Expanding the environmental applications of metal (Al, Ti, Mn, Fe) doped graphene: adsorption and removal of 1,4-dioxane. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 18:32281-32292. [PMID: 27849092 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp07311e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The potential applications of Al, Ti, Mn and Fe-doped graphene for environmental remediation of 1,4-dioxane (a critical pollutant and toxic compound) are analyzed in detail in the framework of density functional theory calculations. 1,4-Dioxane is a highly mobile and soluble pollutant and developing new strategies for its adsorption and subsequent removal becomes an important issue. All the systems were fully optimized and analyzed in their most stable spin states. The results determined that the proposed doped-graphene materials enhance the interaction with 1,4-dioxane compared to intrinsic graphene, with adsorption energies in the range of 1.2-1.6 eV. The high stability of the adsorbent-dioxane interactions is fully discussed in terms of chemical metal-dioxane binding, charge transfer and long-range interactions. The adsorbent-dioxane adsorption is also accompanied by changes in the electronic structure with respect to the isolated substrates, which are larger for Mn and Fe as dopants. Ab initio molecular dynamics simulations also show that the adsorbent-adsorbate interactions remain strong at room temperature (300 K). Finally, implicit/explicit solvent methodologies were implemented to get insights into the effects of aqueous environments on the adsorption strength, which shows the high stability of interaction in water, sorting the sorption efficiency as AlG ≈ FeG > MnG ≈ TiG. From these new insights, Al, Ti, Mn and Fe-doped graphene emerge as new potential materials to be applied in technologies related to the removal of 1,4-dioxane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Cortés-Arriagada
- Nucleus Millennium Chemical Processes and Catalysis, Laboratorio de Química Teórica Computacional (QTC), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago, Chile.
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Dourson ML, Higginbotham J, Crum J, Burleigh-Flayer H, Nance P, Forsberg ND, Lafranconi M, Reichard J. Update: Mode of action (MOA) for liver tumors induced by oral exposure to 1,4-dioxane. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 88:45-55. [PMID: 28366800 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2017.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Previous work has shown that the weight of evidence supports the hypothesis that 1,4-dioxane causes liver tumors in rodents through cytotoxicity and subsequent regenerative hyperplasia. Questions regarding a lack of concordant findings for this mode of action (MOA) in mice have not been resolved, however. In the current work, a reanalysis of data from two chronic mouse cancer bioassays on 1,4-dioxane, one 13-week mouse study, seven rat cancer bioassays, coupled with other data such as 1,4-dioxane's negative mutagenicity, its lack of up-regulated DNA repair, and the appearance of liver tumors with a high background incidence, support the conclusion that rodent liver tumors, including those in mice, are evoked by a regenerative hyperplasia MOA. The initiating event for this MOA is metabolic saturation of 1,4-dioxane. Above metabolic saturation, higher doses of the parent compound cause an ever increasing toxicity in the rodent liver as evidenced by higher blood levels of enzymes indicative of liver cell damage and associated histopathology that occurs in a dose and time related manner. Importantly, alternative modes of action can be excluded. The observed liver toxicity has a threshold in the dose scale at or below levels that saturate metabolism, and generally in the range of 9.6-42 mg/kg-day for rats and 57 to 66 mg/kg-day for mice. It follows that threshold approaches to the assessment of this chemical's toxicity are supported by the non-mutagenic, metabolic saturation kinetics, and cytotoxicity-generated regenerative repair information available for 1,4-dioxane promoted rodent liver tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L Dourson
- University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Jeri Higginbotham
- Kentucky Department for Environmental Protection, Frankfort, KY, United States
| | - Jeff Crum
- Hamp, Mathews & Associates, Inc., Bath, MI, United States
| | | | - Patricia Nance
- University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States.
| | | | - Mark Lafranconi
- Environmental Resources Management, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - John Reichard
- University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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Cortés-Arriagada D, Miranda-Rojas S, Ortega DE, Toro-Labbé A. Oxidized and Si-doped graphene: emerging adsorbents for removal of dioxane. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:17587-17597. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp03076b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The adsorption properties of oxidized graphene (GO) and Si-doped graphene (SiG) towards 1,4-dioxane were theoretically characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Cortés-Arriagada
- Programa Institucional de Fomento a la Investigación
- Desarrollo e Innovación
- Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana
- Santiago
- Chile
| | - Sebastián Miranda-Rojas
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas
- Universidad Andrés Bello
- Santiago
- Chile
| | - Daniela E. Ortega
- Laboratorio de Química Teórica Computacional (QTC)
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
- Santiago 9900087
- Chile
| | - Alejandro Toro-Labbé
- Laboratorio de Química Teórica Computacional (QTC)
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
- Santiago 9900087
- Chile
- Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies (FRIAS)
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Chiang SYD, Anderson RH, Wilken M, Walecka-Hutchison C. Practical Perspectives of 1,4-Dioxane Investigation and Remediation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/rem.21494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Perkins EJ, Antczak P, Burgoon L, Falciani F, Garcia-Reyero N, Gutsell S, Hodges G, Kienzler A, Knapen D, McBride M, Willett C. Adverse Outcome Pathways for Regulatory Applications: Examination of Four Case Studies With Different Degrees of Completeness and Scientific Confidence. Toxicol Sci 2016; 148:14-25. [PMID: 26500288 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfv181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) offer a pathway-based toxicological framework to support hazard assessment and regulatory decision-making. However, little has been discussed about the scientific confidence needed, or how complete a pathway should be, before use in a specific regulatory application. Here we review four case studies to explore the degree of scientific confidence and extent of completeness (in terms of causal events) that is required for an AOP to be useful for a specific purpose in a regulatory application: (i) Membrane disruption (Narcosis) leading to respiratory failure (low confidence), (ii) Hepatocellular proliferation leading to cancer (partial pathway, moderate confidence), (iii) Covalent binding to proteins leading to skin sensitization (high confidence), and (iv) Aromatase inhibition leading to reproductive dysfunction in fish (high confidence). Partially complete AOPs with unknown molecular initiating events, such as 'Hepatocellular proliferation leading to cancer', were found to be valuable. We demonstrate that scientific confidence in these pathways can be increased though the use of unconventional information (eg, computational identification of potential initiators). AOPs at all levels of confidence can contribute to specific uses. A significant statistical or quantitative relationship between events and/or the adverse outcome relationships is a common characteristic of AOPs, both incomplete and complete, that have specific regulatory uses. For AOPs to be useful in a regulatory context they must be at least as useful as the tools that regulators currently possess, or the techniques currently employed by regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Perkins
- *Environmental Laboratory, US Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg Mississippi;
| | - Philipp Antczak
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, Merseyside L69 3BX, UK
| | - Lyle Burgoon
- *Environmental Laboratory, US Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg Mississippi
| | - Francesco Falciani
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, Merseyside L69 3BX, UK
| | - Natàlia Garcia-Reyero
- Mississippi State University, Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing and Biotechnology, Starkville, Mississippi
| | - Steve Gutsell
- Unilever, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook MK44 1LQ, UK
| | - Geoff Hodges
- Unilever, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook MK44 1LQ, UK
| | - Aude Kienzler
- JRC Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, Ispra, Italy
| | - Dries Knapen
- University of Antwerp, Zebrafishlab, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Mary McBride
- Agilent Technologies, Washington, District of Columbia; and
| | - Catherine Willett
- The Humane Society of the United States, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
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Mesnage R, Defarge N, Spiroux de Vendômois J, Séralini GE. Potential toxic effects of glyphosate and its commercial formulations below regulatory limits. Food Chem Toxicol 2015; 84:133-53. [PMID: 26282372 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2015.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 286] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate-based herbicides (GlyBH), including Roundup, are the most widely used pesticides worldwide. Their uses have increased exponentially since their introduction on the market. Residue levels in food or water, as well as human exposures, are escalating. We have reviewed the toxic effects of GlyBH measured below regulatory limits by evaluating the published literature and regulatory reports. We reveal a coherent body of evidence indicating that GlyBH could be toxic below the regulatory lowest observed adverse effect level for chronic toxic effects. It includes teratogenic, tumorigenic and hepatorenal effects. They could be explained by endocrine disruption and oxidative stress, causing metabolic alterations, depending on dose and exposure time. Some effects were detected in the range of the recommended acceptable daily intake. Toxic effects of commercial formulations can also be explained by GlyBH adjuvants, which have their own toxicity, but also enhance glyphosate toxicity. These challenge the assumption of safety of GlyBH at the levels at which they contaminate food and the environment, albeit these levels may fall below regulatory thresholds. Neurodevelopmental, reproductive, and transgenerational effects of GlyBH must be revisited, since a growing body of knowledge suggests the predominance of endocrine disrupting mechanisms caused by environmentally relevant levels of exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Mesnage
- University of Caen, Institute of Biology and Network on Risks, Quality and Sustainable Environment (MRSH), Esplanade de la Paix, 14032 Caen Cedex, France; CRIIGEN, 81 rue de Monceau, 75008 Paris, France
| | - N Defarge
- University of Caen, Institute of Biology and Network on Risks, Quality and Sustainable Environment (MRSH), Esplanade de la Paix, 14032 Caen Cedex, France; CRIIGEN, 81 rue de Monceau, 75008 Paris, France
| | | | - G E Séralini
- University of Caen, Institute of Biology and Network on Risks, Quality and Sustainable Environment (MRSH), Esplanade de la Paix, 14032 Caen Cedex, France; CRIIGEN, 81 rue de Monceau, 75008 Paris, France.
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Casey SC, Vaccari M, Al-Mulla F, Al-Temaimi R, Amedei A, Barcellos-Hoff MH, Brown DG, Chapellier M, Christopher J, Curran CS, Forte S, Hamid RA, Heneberg P, Koch DC, Krishnakumar PK, Laconi E, Maguer-Satta V, Marongiu F, Memeo L, Mondello C, Raju J, Roman J, Roy R, Ryan EP, Ryeom S, Salem HK, Scovassi AI, Singh N, Soucek L, Vermeulen L, Whitfield JR, Woodrick J, Colacci A, Bisson WH, Felsher DW. The effect of environmental chemicals on the tumor microenvironment. Carcinogenesis 2015; 36 Suppl 1:S160-83. [PMID: 26106136 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgv035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Potentially carcinogenic compounds may cause cancer through direct DNA damage or through indirect cellular or physiological effects. To study possible carcinogens, the fields of endocrinology, genetics, epigenetics, medicine, environmental health, toxicology, pharmacology and oncology must be considered. Disruptive chemicals may also contribute to multiple stages of tumor development through effects on the tumor microenvironment. In turn, the tumor microenvironment consists of a complex interaction among blood vessels that feed the tumor, the extracellular matrix that provides structural and biochemical support, signaling molecules that send messages and soluble factors such as cytokines. The tumor microenvironment also consists of many host cellular effectors including multipotent stromal cells/mesenchymal stem cells, fibroblasts, endothelial cell precursors, antigen-presenting cells, lymphocytes and innate immune cells. Carcinogens can influence the tumor microenvironment through effects on epithelial cells, the most common origin of cancer, as well as on stromal cells, extracellular matrix components and immune cells. Here, we review how environmental exposures can perturb the tumor microenvironment. We suggest a role for disrupting chemicals such as nickel chloride, Bisphenol A, butyltins, methylmercury and paraquat as well as more traditional carcinogens, such as radiation, and pharmaceuticals, such as diabetes medications, in the disruption of the tumor microenvironment. Further studies interrogating the role of chemicals and their mixtures in dose-dependent effects on the tumor microenvironment could have important general mechanistic implications for the etiology and prevention of tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie C Casey
- Division of Oncology, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA, Center for Environmental Carcinogenesis and Risk Assessment, Environmental Protection and Health Prevention Agency, 40126 Bologna, Italy, Department of Pathology, Kuwait University, 13110 Safat, Kuwait, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, 50134 Florence, Italy, Department of Radiation Oncology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA, Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University/ Colorado School of Public Health, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1680, USA, Centre De Recherche En Cancerologie De Lyon, U1052-UMR5286, Université de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France, Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, CB2 0RE Cambridge, UK, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA, Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, 95029 Viagrande, Italy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400 Selangor, Malaysia, Charles University in Prague, Third Faculty of Medicine, 100 00 Prague 10, Czech Republic, Center for Environment and Water, Research Institute, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia, Department of Science and Biomedical Technology, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy, Pathology Unit, Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, 95029 Viagrande, Italy, Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council, 27100 Pavia, Italy, Regulatory Toxicology Research Division, Bureau of Chemical Safety Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A0K9, Canada, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA, Molecular Oncology Program, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC 20057, USA, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine
| | - Monica Vaccari
- Center for Environmental Carcinogenesis and Risk Assessment, Environmental Protection and Health Prevention Agency, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Fahd Al-Mulla
- Department of Pathology, Kuwait University, 13110 Safat, Kuwait
| | | | - Amedeo Amedei
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | | | - Dustin G Brown
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University/ Colorado School of Public Health, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1680, USA
| | - Marion Chapellier
- Centre De Recherche En Cancerologie De Lyon, U1052-UMR5286, Université de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Joseph Christopher
- Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, CB2 0RE Cambridge, UK
| | - Colleen S Curran
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Stefano Forte
- Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, 95029 Viagrande, Italy
| | - Roslida A Hamid
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Petr Heneberg
- Charles University in Prague, Third Faculty of Medicine, 100 00 Prague 10, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel C Koch
- Division of Oncology, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA, Center for Environmental Carcinogenesis and Risk Assessment, Environmental Protection and Health Prevention Agency, 40126 Bologna, Italy, Department of Pathology, Kuwait University, 13110 Safat, Kuwait, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, 50134 Florence, Italy, Department of Radiation Oncology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA, Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University/ Colorado School of Public Health, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1680, USA, Centre De Recherche En Cancerologie De Lyon, U1052-UMR5286, Université de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France, Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, CB2 0RE Cambridge, UK, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA, Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, 95029 Viagrande, Italy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400 Selangor, Malaysia, Charles University in Prague, Third Faculty of Medicine, 100 00 Prague 10, Czech Republic, Center for Environment and Water, Research Institute, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia, Department of Science and Biomedical Technology, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy, Pathology Unit, Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, 95029 Viagrande, Italy, Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council, 27100 Pavia, Italy, Regulatory Toxicology Research Division, Bureau of Chemical Safety Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A0K9, Canada, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA, Molecular Oncology Program, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC 20057, USA, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine
| | - P K Krishnakumar
- Center for Environment and Water, Research Institute, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ezio Laconi
- Department of Science and Biomedical Technology, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Veronique Maguer-Satta
- Centre De Recherche En Cancerologie De Lyon, U1052-UMR5286, Université de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Fabio Marongiu
- Department of Science and Biomedical Technology, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Memeo
- Pathology Unit, Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, 95029 Viagrande, Italy
| | - Chiara Mondello
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Jayadev Raju
- Regulatory Toxicology Research Division, Bureau of Chemical Safety Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A0K9, Canada
| | - Jesse Roman
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Rabindra Roy
- Molecular Oncology Program, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC 20057, USA
| | - Elizabeth P Ryan
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University/ Colorado School of Public Health, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1680, USA
| | - Sandra Ryeom
- University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hosni K Salem
- Urology Department, Kasr Al-Ainy School of Medicine, Cairo University, El Manial, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - A Ivana Scovassi
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Neetu Singh
- Centre for Advanced Research, King George's Medical University, Chowk, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226003, India
| | - Laura Soucek
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO) and Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Louis Vermeulen
- Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine (CEMM), Academic Medical Center (AMC), Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jonathan R Whitfield
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO) and Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordan Woodrick
- Molecular Oncology Program, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC 20057, USA
| | - Annamaria Colacci
- Center for Environmental Carcinogenesis and Risk Assessment, Environmental Protection and Health Prevention Agency, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - William H Bisson
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Environmental Health Sciences Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA, and
| | - Dean W Felsher
- Division of Oncology, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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Dourson M, Reichard J, Nance P, Burleigh-Flayer H, Parker A, Vincent M, McConnell EE. Mode of action analysis for liver tumors from oral 1,4-dioxane exposures and evidence-based dose response assessment. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2014; 68:387-401. [PMID: 24491968 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2014.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Revised: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
1,4-Dioxane is found in consumer products and is used as a solvent in manufacturing. Studies in rodents show liver tumors to be consistently reported after chronic oral exposure. However, there were differences in the reporting of non-neoplastic lesions in the livers of rats and mice. In order to clarify these differences, a reread of mouse liver slides from the 1978 NCI bioassay on 1,4-dioxane in drinking water was conducted. This reread clearly identified dose-related non-neoplastic changes in the liver; specifically, a dose-related increase in the hypertrophic response of hepatocytes, followed by necrosis, inflammation and hyperplastic hepatocellular foci. 1,4-Dioxane does not cause point mutations, DNA repair, or initiation. However, it appears to promote tumors and stimulate DNA synthesis. Using EPA Guidelines (2005), the weight of the evidence suggests that 1,4-dioxane causes liver tumors in rats and mice through cytotoxicity followed by regenerative hyperplasia. Specific key events in this mode of action are identified. A Reference Dose (RfD) of 0.05mg/kgday is proposed to protect against regenerative liver hyperplasia based on a benchmark dose (BMD) approach. Based on this RfD, a maximum contaminant level goal of 350μg/L is proposed using a default relative source contribution for water of 20%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Dourson
- Toxicology Excellence for Risk Assessment, 2300 Montana Ave., Suite 409, Cincinnati, OH 45211, United States
| | - John Reichard
- Toxicology Excellence for Risk Assessment, 2300 Montana Ave., Suite 409, Cincinnati, OH 45211, United States
| | - Patricia Nance
- Toxicology Excellence for Risk Assessment, 2300 Montana Ave., Suite 409, Cincinnati, OH 45211, United States.
| | | | - Ann Parker
- Toxicology Excellence for Risk Assessment, 2300 Montana Ave., Suite 409, Cincinnati, OH 45211, United States
| | - Melissa Vincent
- Toxicology Excellence for Risk Assessment, 2300 Montana Ave., Suite 409, Cincinnati, OH 45211, United States
| | - Ernest E McConnell
- ToxPath, Inc., 3028 Ethan Lane, Laurdane Est., Raleigh, NC 27613, United States
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Park HG, Yeo MK. Ecotoxicity Estimation of Hazardous Air Pollutants Emitted from Semiconductor Manufacturing Processes Utilizing QSAR. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2013. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2013.34.12.3755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Agarwal S, Gupta M, Choudhury B. Solvent free biocatalytic synthesis of isoniazid from isonicotinamide using whole cell of Bacillus smithii strain IITR6b2. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2013.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Zhang R, Sun J, Zhang Y, Cheng S, Zhang X. Signal transduction disturbance related to hepatocarcinogenesis in mouse by prolonged exposure to Nanjing drinking water. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 20:6468-6481. [PMID: 23591932 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-1695-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2012] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Toxicogenomic approaches were used to investigate the potential hepatocarcinogenic effects on mice by oral exposure to Nanjing drinking water (NJDW). Changes in the hepatic transcriptome of 3 weeks male mice (Mus musculus) were monitored and dissected after oral exposure to NJDW for 90 days. No preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions were observed in the hepatic tissue by the end of NJDW exposure. However, total of 746 genes were changed transcriptionally. Thirty-one percent of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were associated with the functional categories of cell cycle regulation, adhesion, growth, apoptosis, and signal transduction, which are closely implicated in tumorigenesis and progression. Interrogation of Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes revealed that 43 DEGs were mapped to several crucial signaling pathways implicated in the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In signal transduction network constructed via Genes2Networks software, Egfr, Akt1, Atf2, Ctnnb1, Hras, Mapk1, Smad2, and Ccnd1 were hubs. Direct gene-disease relationships obtained from Comparative Toxicogenomics Database and scientific literatures revealed that the hubs have direct mechanism or biomarker relationships with hepatocellular preneoplastic lesions or hepatocarcinogenesis. Therefore, prolonged intake of NJDW without employing any indoor water treatment strategy might predispose mouse to HCC. Furthermore, Egfr, Akt1, Ctnnb1, Hras, Mapk1, Smad2, and Ccnd1 were identified as promising biomarkers of the potential combined hepatocarcinogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210046, People's Republic of China
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Zhang R, Cheng S, Li A, Sun J, Zhang Y, Zhang X. Genome-wide screening of indicator genes for assessing the potential carcinogenic risk of Nanjing city drinking water. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2011; 20:1033-1040. [PMID: 21424719 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-011-0647-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/13/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Effects of all pollutants existing in the Nanjing city drinking water (DWNC) on mouse gene transcription levels were measured to assess the DWNC carcinogenic risks and to identify candidate indicator genes for assessing and early warning the cancer risks. Transcriptional expression levels of 14,000 hepatic genes for the treatment group mice (Mus musculus, ICR) fed with DWNC for 90 days were detected using the GeneChip(®) Mouse Genome 430A 2.0 array. The analysis indicated that the transcriptional levels of 294 genes were up-regulated and 542 ones were down-regulated. Of these genes, 12 ones identified to be involved in at least five different types of cancers were further analyzed. An interrogation by Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) revealed that three (including ITGAV, CCND1 and SMAD2) of the 12 genes were mapped to pathway in cancer. Gene Ontology (GO) function annotation also showed that they were associated with the functional categories of cell cycle regulation, adhesion, apoptosis, signal transduction and so on which are closely implicated in tumorigenesis and progression. The correlations between the aberrant expressions of them and the genesis and progression of cancers have been further documented by a number of scientific researches. These results might demonstrate that the potential toxicity and carcinogenic risks were associated with DWNC. Moreover, ITGAV, CCND1 and SMAD2 were identified as the most likely candidate indicator genes for the assessment of the combined carcinogenic risk of all pollutants existing in DWNC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210046, People's Republic of China
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Mehdinia A, Roohi F, Jabbari A, Manafi MR. Self-doped polyaniline as new polyaniline substitute for solid-phase microextraction. Anal Chim Acta 2011; 683:206-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2010.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2010] [Revised: 10/17/2010] [Accepted: 10/22/2010] [Indexed: 09/30/2022]
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Abstract
Small, highly strained heterocycles are archetypical alkylating agents (oxiranes, beta-lactones, aziridinium, and thiirinium ions). Oxetanes, which are tetragonal ethers, are higher homologues of oxiranes and reduced counterparts of beta-lactones, and would therefore be expected to be active alkylating agents. Oxetanes are widely used in the manufacture of polymers, especially in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), and are present, as a substructure, in compounds such as the widely used antimitotic taxol. Whereas the results of animal tests suggest that trimethylene oxide (TMO), the parent compound, and beta,beta-dimethyloxetane (DMOX) are active carcinogens at the site of injection, no studies have explored the alkylating ability and genotoxicity of oxetanes. This work addresses the issue using a mixed methodology: a kinetic study of the alkylation reaction of 4-(p-nitrobenzyl)pyridine (NBP), a trap for alkylating agents with nucleophilicity similar to that of DNA bases, by three oxetanes (TMO, DMOX, and methyloxetanemethanol), and a mutagenicity, genotoxicity, and cell viability study (Salmonella microsome test, BTC E. coli test, alkaline comet assay, and MTT assay). The results suggest either that oxetanes lack genotoxic capacity or that their mode of action is very different from that of epoxides and beta-lactones.
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