1
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Pattoo TS, Khanday FA. Corelating the molecular structure of BAG3 to its oncogenic role. Cell Biol Int 2024; 48:1080-1096. [PMID: 38924608 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.12199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
BAG3 is a multifaceted protein characterised by having WW domain, PXXP motif and BAG domain. This protein gets upregulated during malignant transformation of cells and has been associated with poorer survival of patients. Procancerous activity of BAG domain of BAG3 is well documented. BAG domain interacts with ATPase domain of Hsp-70 preventing protein delivery to proteasome. This impediment results in enhanced cell survival, proliferation, resistance to apoptosis and chemoresistance. Besides BAG domain other two domains/motifs of BAG3 are under research vigilance to explore its further oncogenic role. This review summarises the role of different structural determinants of BAG3 in elevating oncogenesis. Based on the already existing findings, more interacting partners of BAG3 are anticipated. The anticipated partners of BAG3 can shed a wealth of information into the mechanistic insights of its proproliferative role. Proper insights into the mechanistic details adopted by BAG3 to curtail/elaborate activity of anticipated interacting partners can serve as a potent target for development of therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Firdous A Khanday
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
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2
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Amin A, Perera ND, Tomas D, Cuic B, Radwan M, Hatters DM, Turner BJ, Shabanpoor F. Systemic administration of a novel Beclin 1-derived peptide significantly upregulates autophagy in the spinal motor neurons of autophagy reporter mice. Int J Pharm 2024; 659:124198. [PMID: 38816263 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Autophagy, an intracellular degradation system, plays a vital role in protecting cells by clearing damaged organelles, pathogens, and protein aggregates. Autophagy upregulation through pharmacological interventions has gained significant attention as a potential therapeutic avenue for proteinopathies. Here, we report the development of an autophagy-inducing peptide (BCN4) derived from the Beclin 1 protein, the master regulator of autophagy. To deliver the BCN4 into cells and the central nervous system (CNS), it was conjugated to our previously developed cell and blood-brain barrier-penetrating peptide (CPP). CPP-BCN4 significantly upregulated autophagy and reduced protein aggregates in motor neuron (MN)-like cells. Moreover, its systemic administration in a reporter mouse model of autophagy resulted in a significant increase in autophagy activity in the spinal MNs. Therefore, this novel autophagy-inducing peptide with a demonstrated ability to upregulate autophagy in the CNS has significant potential for the treatment of various neurodegenerative diseases with protein aggregates as a characteristic feature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azin Amin
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, VIC, Australia
| | - Nirma D Perera
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, VIC, Australia
| | - Doris Tomas
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, VIC, Australia
| | - Brittany Cuic
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, VIC, Australia
| | - Mona Radwan
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, VIC, Australia
| | - Danny M Hatters
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, VIC, Australia
| | - Bradley J Turner
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, VIC, Australia
| | - Fazel Shabanpoor
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, VIC, Australia; School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
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3
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Sharma T, Kumar R, Mukherjee S. Neuronal Vulnerability to Degeneration in Parkinson's Disease and Therapeutic Approaches. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2024; 23:715-730. [PMID: 37185323 DOI: 10.2174/1871527322666230426155432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disease affecting millions of people worldwide. Despite the crucial threat it poses, currently, no specific therapy exists that can completely reverse or halt the progression of the disease. Parkinson's disease pathology is driven by neurodegeneration caused by the intraneuronal accumulation of alpha-synuclein (α-syn) aggregates in Lewy bodies in the substantia nigra region of the brain. Parkinson's disease is a multiorgan disease affecting the central nervous system (CNS) as well as the autonomic nervous system. A bidirectional route of spreading α-syn from the gut to CNS through the vagus nerve and vice versa has also been reported. Despite our understanding of the molecular and pathophysiological aspects of Parkinson's disease, many questions remain unanswered regarding the selective vulnerability of neuronal populations, the neuromodulatory role of the locus coeruleus, and alpha-synuclein aggregation. This review article aims to describe the probable factors that contribute to selective neuronal vulnerability in Parkinson's disease, such as genetic predisposition, bioenergetics, and the physiology of neurons, as well as the interplay of environmental and exogenous modulators. This review also highlights various therapeutic strategies with cell transplants, through viral gene delivery, by targeting α-synuclein and aquaporin protein or epidermal growth factor receptors for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. The application of regenerative medicine and patient-specific personalized approaches have also been explored as promising strategies in the treatment of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanushree Sharma
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh Lucknow Campus, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Molecular and Human Genetics, Banaras Hindu University Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rajnish Kumar
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh Lucknow Campus, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Sayali Mukherjee
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh Lucknow Campus, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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4
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He W, Sun F, Li W, Du R, Yan S, Liu C. GNL3L promotes autophagy via regulating AMPK signaling in esophageal cancer cells. Med Oncol 2023; 41:29. [PMID: 38148364 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02270-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein-like 3-like (GNL3L), a conserved GTP-binding nucleolar protein, participates in regulating cell proliferation, and associates with tumorigenesis and poor prognosis in several kind of cancers. However, the role of GNL3L in modulating autophagy remains unclear. Here, we verified that GNL3L was higher expressed in esophageal cancer (ESCA) biopsies than that in the corresponding normal biopsies by a human ESCA tissue array. Utilizing immunoblotting and real-time PCR assays, we analyzed the expression of GNL3L in several ESCA cell lines, and it was highly expressed in KYSE410 cells and rarely expressed in KYSE150 cells, respectively. GNL3L overexpression promoted cell viability and cell proliferation in KYSE150 cells. On the contrary, silencing of GNL3L resulted in opposite phenotypes in KYSE410 cells. Furthermore, GNL3L level correlated with autophagic flux and influenced the levels of autophagy core proteins. Meanwhile, GNL3L also affected the AMPK signaling pathway, which is a pivotal signaling pathway for autophagy regulation. In the GNL3L-silenced cells, the AMPK agonist AICAR partly rescued the autophagic flux. Inversely, both pharmacologically and genetically deprivation of AMPK attenuated the autophagic flux induced by GNL3L overexpression. Moreover, AMPK activity alteration influenced the effect of GNL3L in regulating cell proliferation. Collectively, these findings suggest that GNL3L positively regulates cell proliferation and autophagy in ESCA cells via regulating the AMPK signaling, making itself a promising therapeutic target for ESCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiting He
- School of Clinical Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233030, China
| | - Fengyao Sun
- Institute of Precision Medicine, Precision Medicine Laboratory for Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases of Shandong Province, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272067, China
| | - Wen Li
- Institute of Precision Medicine, Precision Medicine Laboratory for Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases of Shandong Province, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272067, China
| | - Ruihang Du
- Institute of Precision Medicine, Precision Medicine Laboratory for Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases of Shandong Province, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272067, China
| | - Siyuan Yan
- Institute of Precision Medicine, Precision Medicine Laboratory for Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases of Shandong Province, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272067, China.
| | - Changqing Liu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233030, China.
- School of Laboratory Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233030, China.
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5
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Coen PM, Huo Z, Tranah GJ, Barnes HN, Cawthon PM, Hepple RT, Toledo FGS, Evans DS, Fernández OS, Cuervo AM, Kritchevsky SB, Newman AB, Cummings SR, Esser KA. Autophagy gene expression in skeletal muscle of older individuals is associated with physical performance, muscle volume and mitochondrial function in the Study of Muscle, Mobility and Aging (SOMMA). MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.11.04.23297979. [PMID: 37961308 PMCID: PMC10635272 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.04.23297979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is an essential component of proteostasis and a key pathway in aging. Identifying associations between autophagy gene expression patterns in skeletal muscle and physical performance outcomes would further our knowledge of mechanisms related with proteostasis and healthy aging. Muscle biopsies were obtained from participants in the Study of Muscle, Mobility and Aging (SOMMA). For 575 participants, RNA was sequenced and expression of 281 genes related to autophagy regulation, mitophagy and mTOR/upstream pathways were determined. Associations between gene expression and outcomes including mitochondrial respiration in muscle fiber bundles (MAX OXPHOS), physical performance (VO2 peak, 400m walking speed, and leg power), and thigh muscle volume were determined using negative binomial regression models. For autophagy, key transcriptional regulators including TFE3 and NFKB-related genes (RELA, RELB, NFKB1) were negatively associated with outcomes. On the contrary, regulators of oxidative metabolism that also promote overall autophagy, mitophagy and pexophagy (PPARGC1A, PPARA, EPAS1) were positively associated with multiple outcomes. In line with this, several mitophagy, fusion and fission related genes (NIPSNAP2, DNM1L, OPA1) were also positively associated with outcomes. For mTOR pathway and related genes, expression of WDR59 and WDR24, both subunits of GATOR2 complex (an indirect inhibitor of mTORC1) and PRKAG3, which is a regulatory subunit of AMPK, were negatively correlated with multiple outcomes. Our study identifies autophagy and selective autophagy such as mitophagy gene expression patterns in human skeletal muscle related to physical performance, muscle volume and mitochondrial function in older persons which may lead to target identification to preserve mobility and independence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul M Coen
- Translational Research Institute, Advent Health, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Zhiguang Huo
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health & Health Professions, College of Medicine University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Gregory J Tranah
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Haley N Barnes
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Peggy M Cawthon
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Russell T Hepple
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Frederico G S Toledo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Daniel S Evans
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Olaya Santiago Fernández
- Department of Developmental & Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ana Maria Cuervo
- Department of Developmental & Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Steven B Kritchevsky
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Anne B Newman
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Steven R Cummings
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Karyn A Esser
- Department of Physiology and Ageing, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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6
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Cheng D, Zheng B, Sheng Y, Zeng Z, Mo Z. The Roles of Autophagy in the Genesis and Development of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Reprod Sci 2023; 30:2920-2931. [PMID: 37204635 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-023-01255-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common and frequent disease and always leads endocrine and metabolic disorder among women in reproductive age. Ovary is the main organ involved in polycystic ovary syndrome, and its function impairment will lead to reproductive dysfunction. Some recent studies have demonstrated that autophagy plays an important role in the pathogenesis of PCOS, and there are many different mechanisms that affect autophagy and the occurrence of PCOS, and they provide a new direction for us to predict the mechanism of PCOS. In this review, we discuss the role of autophagy in different ovarian cells: granulosa cells, oocytes, and theca cells, and introduce the important role that they play in the progress of PCOS. The main purpose of this review is to provide the research background and some relevant suggestions for our future work in autophagy and help us better explore the pathogenesis and autophagy mechanisms of PCOS. Furthermore, it will help us gain a new insight of the pathophysiology and treatment of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Cheng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Diabetic Systems Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Guilin Medical University, Guangxi, 541199, Guilin, China
- Joint Laboratory of Chronic Disease Prevention and Research, Guilin Medical University, Hunan Mingshun Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shaodong, Hunan, 422800, Guilin, China
| | - Biao Zheng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Diabetic Systems Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Guilin Medical University, Guangxi, 541199, Guilin, China
- Joint Laboratory of Chronic Disease Prevention and Research, Guilin Medical University, Hunan Mingshun Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shaodong, Hunan, 422800, Guilin, China
| | - Ying Sheng
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Zhaoming Zeng
- Joint Laboratory of Chronic Disease Prevention and Research, Guilin Medical University, Hunan Mingshun Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shaodong, Hunan, 422800, Guilin, China.
| | - Zhongcheng Mo
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Diabetic Systems Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Guilin Medical University, Guangxi, 541199, Guilin, China.
- Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Basic Research in Sphingolipid Metabolism Related Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, China.
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7
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Yu L, Zhang Y, Xue L, Liu F, Jing R, Luo J. EnsembleDL-ATG: Identifying autophagy proteins by integrating their sequence and evolutionary information using an ensemble deep learning framework. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2023; 21:4836-4848. [PMID: 37854634 PMCID: PMC10579870 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a primary mechanism for maintaining cellular homeostasis. The synergistic actions of autophagy-related (ATG) proteins strictly regulate the whole autophagic process. Therefore, accurate identification of ATGs is a first and critical step to reveal the molecular mechanism underlying the regulation of autophagy. Current computational methods can predict ATGs from primary protein sequences, but owing to the limitations of algorithms, significant room for improvement still exists. In this research, we propose EnsembleDL-ATG, an ensemble deep learning framework that aggregates multiple deep learning models to predict ATGs from protein sequence and evolutionary information. We first evaluated the performance of individual networks for various feature descriptors to identify the most promising models. Then, we explored all possible combinations of independent models to select the most effective ensemble architecture. The final framework was built and maintained by an organization of four different deep learning models. Experimental results show that our proposed method achieves a prediction accuracy of 94.5 % and MCC of 0.890, which are nearly 4 % and 0.08 higher than ATGPred-FL, respectively. Overall, EnsembleDL-ATG is the first ATG machine learning predictor based on ensemble deep learning. The benchmark data and code utilized in this study can be accessed for free at https://github.com/jingry/autoBioSeqpy/tree/2.0/examples/EnsembleDL-ATG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lezheng Yu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guizhou Education University, Guiyang 550018, Guizhou, China
- Basic Medical College, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Yonglin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Xue
- School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Fengjuan Liu
- School of Geography and Resources, Guizhou Education University, Guiyang 550018, Guizhou, China
| | - Runyu Jing
- School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiesi Luo
- Basic Medical College, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
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8
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Nechushtai L, Frenkel D, Pinkas-Kramarski R. Autophagy in Parkinson's Disease. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1435. [PMID: 37892117 PMCID: PMC10604695 DOI: 10.3390/biom13101435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a devastating disease associated with accumulation of α-synuclein (α-Syn) within dopaminergic neurons, leading to neuronal death. PD is characterized by both motor and non-motor clinical symptoms. Several studies indicate that autophagy, an important intracellular degradation pathway, may be involved in different neurodegenerative diseases including PD. The autophagic process mediates the degradation of protein aggregates, damaged and unneeded proteins, and organelles, allowing their clearance, and thereby maintaining cell homeostasis. Impaired autophagy may cause the accumulation of abnormal proteins. Incomplete or impaired autophagy may explain the neurotoxic accumulation of protein aggregates in several neurodegenerative diseases including PD. Indeed, studies have suggested the contribution of impaired autophagy to α-Syn accumulation, the death of dopaminergic neurons, and neuroinflammation. In this review, we summarize the recent literature on the involvement of autophagy in PD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ronit Pinkas-Kramarski
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat-Aviv, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; (L.N.); (D.F.)
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9
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Zhou J, Cao C, Zhang X, Zhang X, Li J, Deng H, Wang S. Gas-assisted phototherapy for cancer treatment. J Control Release 2023; 360:564-577. [PMID: 37442200 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Phototherapies, mainly including photodynamic and photothermal therapy, have made considerable strides in the field of cancer treatment. With the aid of phototherapeutic agents, reactive oxygen species (ROS) or heat are generated under light irradiation to selectively damage cancer cells. However, sole-modality phototherapy faces certain drawbacks, such as limited penetration of phototherapeutic agents into tumor tissues, inefficient ROS generation due to hypoxia, treatment-induced inflammation and resistance of tumor to treatment (e.g., high levels of antioxidants, expression of heat shock protein). Gas therapy, an emerging therapy approach that damages cancer cells by improving the level of certain gas at the tumor site, shows potential to overcome the challenges associated with phototherapies. In addition, with the rapid development of nanotechnology, gas-assisted phototherapy based on nanomedicines has emerged as a promising strategy to enhance the treatment efficacy. This review summarizes recent advances in gas-assisted phototherapy and discusses the prospects and challenges of this strategy in cancer phototherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Function and Application of Biological Macromolecular Structures, School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Chen Cao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Function and Application of Biological Macromolecular Structures, School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xinlu Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Function and Application of Biological Macromolecular Structures, School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Function and Application of Biological Macromolecular Structures, School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jiansen Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Function and Application of Biological Macromolecular Structures, School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Hongzhang Deng
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular & Neuroimaging, Ministry of Education School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710126, China.
| | - Sheng Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Function and Application of Biological Macromolecular Structures, School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
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10
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Jin D, Huang NN, Wei JX. Hepatotoxic mechanism of cantharidin: insights and strategies for therapeutic intervention. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1201404. [PMID: 37383714 PMCID: PMC10293652 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1201404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cantharidin (CTD), a natural compound derived from Mylabris, is widely used in traditional Oriental medicine for its potent anticancer properties. However, its clinical application is restricted due to its high toxicity, particularly towards the liver. This review provides a concise understanding of the hepatotoxic mechanisms of CTD and highlights novel therapeutic strategies to mitigate its toxicity while enhancing its anticancer efficacy. We systematically explore the molecular mechanisms underlying CTD-induced hepatotoxicity, focusing on the involvement of apoptotic and autophagic processes in hepatocyte injury. We further discuss the endogenous and exogenous pathways implicated in CTD-induced liver damage and potential therapeutic targets. This review also summarizes the structural modifications of CTD derivatives and their impact on anticancer activity. Additionally, we delve into the advancements in nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems that hold promise in overcoming the limitations of CTD derivatives. By offering valuable insights into the hepatotoxic mechanisms of CTD and outlining potential avenues for future research, this review contributes to the ongoing efforts to develop safer and more effective CTD-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dian Jin
- Department of Pharmacy, Sixth People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Na-Na Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing-Xia Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, Sixth People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
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11
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Santana-Sosa S, Matos-Perdomo E, Ayra-Plasencia J, Machín F. A Yeast Mitotic Tale for the Nucleus and the Vacuoles to Embrace. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9829. [PMID: 37372977 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The morphology of the nucleus is roughly spherical in most eukaryotic cells. However, this organelle shape needs to change as the cell travels through narrow intercellular spaces during cell migration and during cell division in organisms that undergo closed mitosis, i.e., without dismantling the nuclear envelope, such as yeast. In addition, the nuclear morphology is often modified under stress and in pathological conditions, being a hallmark of cancer and senescent cells. Thus, understanding nuclear morphological dynamics is of uttermost importance, as pathways and proteins involved in nuclear shaping can be targeted in anticancer, antiaging, and antifungal therapies. Here, we review how and why the nuclear shape changes during mitotic blocks in yeast, introducing novel data that associate these changes with both the nucleolus and the vacuole. Altogether, these findings suggest a close relationship between the nucleolar domain of the nucleus and the autophagic organelle, which we also discuss here. Encouragingly, recent evidence in tumor cell lines has linked aberrant nuclear morphology to defects in lysosomal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Santana-Sosa
- Research Unit, University Hospital Ntra Sra de Candelaria, Ctra del Rosario 145, 38010 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, University of La Laguna, 38200 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| | - Emiliano Matos-Perdomo
- Research Unit, University Hospital Ntra Sra de Candelaria, Ctra del Rosario 145, 38010 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, University of La Laguna, 38200 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| | - Jessel Ayra-Plasencia
- Research Unit, University Hospital Ntra Sra de Candelaria, Ctra del Rosario 145, 38010 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, University of La Laguna, 38200 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| | - Félix Machín
- Research Unit, University Hospital Ntra Sra de Candelaria, Ctra del Rosario 145, 38010 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, University of La Laguna, 38200 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Fernando Pessoa Canarias University, 35450 Santa María de Guía, Spain
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12
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Malar DS, Thitilertdecha P, Ruckvongacheep KS, Brimson S, Tencomnao T, Brimson JM. Targeting Sigma Receptors for the Treatment of Neurodegenerative and Neurodevelopmental Disorders. CNS Drugs 2023; 37:399-440. [PMID: 37166702 PMCID: PMC10173947 DOI: 10.1007/s40263-023-01007-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The sigma-1 receptor is a 223 amino acid-long protein with a recently identified structure. The sigma-2 receptor is a genetically unrelated protein with a similarly shaped binding pocket and acts to influence cellular activities similar to the sigma-1 receptor. Both proteins are highly expressed in neuronal tissues. As such, they have become targets for treating neurological diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Huntington's disease (HD), Parkinson's disease (PD), multiple sclerosis (MS), Rett syndrome (RS), developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEE), and motor neuron disease/amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (MND/ALS). In recent years, there have been many pre-clinical and clinical studies of sigma receptor (1 and 2) ligands for treating neurological disease. Drugs such as blarcamesine, dextromethorphan and pridopidine, which have sigma-1 receptor activity as part of their pharmacological profile, are effective in treating multiple aspects of several neurological diseases. Furthermore, several sigma-2 receptor ligands are under investigation, including CT1812, rivastigmine and SAS0132. This review aims to provide a current and up-to-date analysis of the current clinical and pre-clinical data of drugs with sigma receptor activities for treating neurological disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dicson S Malar
- Natural Products for Neuroprotection and Anti-ageing Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Premrutai Thitilertdecha
- Siriraj Research Group in Immunobiology and Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kanokphorn S Ruckvongacheep
- Department of Clinical Microscopy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sirikalaya Brimson
- Department of Clinical Microscopy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Tewin Tencomnao
- Natural Products for Neuroprotection and Anti-ageing Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - James M Brimson
- Natural Products for Neuroprotection and Anti-ageing Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
- Research, Innovation and International Affairs, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Room 409, ChulaPat-1 Building, 154 Rama 1 Road, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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13
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Zeng J, Acin-Perez R, Assali EA, Martin A, Brownstein AJ, Petcherski A, Fernández-Del-Rio L, Xiao R, Lo CH, Shum M, Liesa M, Han X, Shirihai OS, Grinstaff MW. Restoration of lysosomal acidification rescues autophagy and metabolic dysfunction in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2573. [PMID: 37142604 PMCID: PMC10160018 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38165-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease in the world. High levels of free fatty acids in the liver impair hepatic lysosomal acidification and reduce autophagic flux. We investigate whether restoration of lysosomal function in NAFLD recovers autophagic flux, mitochondrial function, and insulin sensitivity. Here, we report the synthesis of novel biodegradable acid-activated acidifying nanoparticles (acNPs) as a lysosome targeting treatment to restore lysosomal acidity and autophagy. The acNPs, composed of fluorinated polyesters, remain inactive at plasma pH, and only become activated in lysosomes after endocytosis. Specifically, they degrade at pH of ~6 characteristic of dysfunctional lysosomes, to further acidify and enhance the function of lysosomes. In established in vivo high fat diet mouse models of NAFLD, re-acidification of lysosomes via acNP treatment restores autophagy and mitochondria function to lean, healthy levels. This restoration, concurrent with reversal of fasting hyperglycemia and hepatic steatosis, indicates the potential use of acNPs as a first-in-kind therapeutic for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialiu Zeng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 308232, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Rebeca Acin-Perez
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90045, USA
| | - Essam A Assali
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90045, USA
| | - Andrew Martin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Alexandra J Brownstein
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90045, USA
| | - Anton Petcherski
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90045, USA
| | - Lucía Fernández-Del-Rio
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90045, USA
| | - Ruiqing Xiao
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Shenzhen Middle School, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518001, China
| | - Chih Hung Lo
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 308232, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Michaël Shum
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90045, USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Marc Liesa
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90045, USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Institut de Biologia Molecular de Barcelona, IBMB, CSIC, Barcelona, Catalonia, 08028, Spain
| | - Xue Han
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Orian S Shirihai
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90045, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
| | - Mark W Grinstaff
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
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14
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Liu CW, Le HHT, Denaro P, Dai Z, Shao NY, Ong SG, Lee WH. E-cigarettes Induce Dysregulation of Autophagy Leading to Endothelial Dysfunction in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Stem Cells 2023; 41:328-340. [PMID: 36640125 PMCID: PMC10128958 DOI: 10.1093/stmcls/sxad004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Given the increasing popularity of electronic cigarettes (e-cigs), it is imperative to evaluate the potential health risks of e-cigs, especially in users with preexisting health concerns such as pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). The aim of the present study was to investigate whether differential susceptibility exists between healthy and patients with PAH to e-cig exposure and the molecular mechanisms contributing to it. Patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cell-derived endothelial cells (iPSC-ECs) from healthy individuals and patients with PAH were used to investigate whether e-cig contributes to the pathophysiology of PAH and affects EC homeostasis in PAH. Our results showed that PAH iPSC-ECs showed a greater amount of damage than healthy iPSC-ECs upon e-cig exposure. Transcriptomic analyses revealed that differential expression of Akt3 may be responsible for increased autophagic flux impairment in PAH iPSC-ECs, which underlies increased susceptibility upon e-cig exposure. Moreover, knockdown of Akt3 in healthy iPSC-ECs significantly induced autophagic flux impairment and endothelial dysfunction, which further increased with e-cig treatment, thus mimicking the PAH cell phenotype after e-cig exposure. In addition, functional disruption of mTORC2 by knocking down Rictor in PAH iPSC-ECs caused autophagic flux impairment, which was mediated by downregulation of Akt3. Finally, pharmacological induction of autophagy via direct inhibition of mTORC1 and indirect activation of mTORC2 with rapamycin reverses e-cig-induced decreased Akt3 expression, endothelial dysfunction, autophagic flux impairment, and decreased cell viability, and migration in PAH iPSC-ECs. Taken together, these data suggest a potential link between autophagy and Akt3-mediated increased susceptibility to e-cig in PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-wei Liu
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Hoai Huong Thi Le
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Philip Denaro
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Zhiyu Dai
- Translational Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Ning-Yi Shao
- Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sang-Ging Ong
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Won Hee Lee
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Translational Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, USA
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15
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Bashiri H, Tabatabaeian H. Autophagy: A Potential Therapeutic Target to Tackle Drug Resistance in Multiple Myeloma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076019. [PMID: 37046991 PMCID: PMC10094562 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most prevalent hematologic malignancy. In the past few years, the survival of MM patients has increased due to the emergence of novel drugs and combination therapies. Nevertheless, one of the significant obstacles in treating most MM patients is drug resistance, especially for individuals who have experienced relapses or developed resistance to such cutting-edge treatments. One of the critical processes in developing drug resistance in MM is autophagic activity, an intracellular self-digestive process. Several possible strategies of autophagy involvement in the induction of MM-drug resistance have been demonstrated thus far. In multiple myeloma, it has been shown that High mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1)-dependent autophagy can contribute to drug resistance. Moreover, activation of autophagy via proteasome suppression induces drug resistance. Additionally, the effectiveness of clarithromycin as a supplemental drug in treating MM has been reported recently, in which autophagy blockage is proposed as one of the potential action mechanisms of CAM. Thus, a promising therapeutic approach that targets autophagy to trigger the death of MM cells and improve drug susceptibility could be considered. In this review, autophagy has been addressed as a survival strategy crucial for drug resistance in MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Bashiri
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency of Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138673, Singapore
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
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16
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Mitochondrial Lon-induced mitophagy benefits hypoxic resistance via Ca 2+-dependent FUNDC1 phosphorylation at the ER-mitochondria interface. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:199. [PMID: 36927870 PMCID: PMC10020552 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05723-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
During hypoxia, FUNDC1 acts as a mitophagy receptor and accumulates at the ER (endoplasmic reticulum)-mitochondria contact sites (EMC), also called mitochondria-associated membranes (MAM). In mitophagy, the ULK1 complex phosphorylates FUNDC1(S17) at the EMC site. However, how mitochondria sense the stress and send the signal from the inside to the outside of mitochondria to trigger mitophagy is still unclear. Mitochondrial Lon was reported to be localized at the EMC under stress although the function remained unknown. In this study, we explored the mechanism of how mitochondrial sensors of hypoxia trigger and stabilize the FUNDC1-ULK1 complex by Lon in the EMC for cell survival and cancer progression. We demonstrated that Lon is accumulated in the EMC and associated with FUNDC1-ULK1 complex to induce mitophagy via chaperone activity under hypoxia. Intriguingly, we found that Lon-induced mitophagy is through binding with mitochondrial Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCLX) to promote FUNDC1-ULK1-mediated mitophagy at the EMC site in vitro and in vivo. Accordingly, our findings highlight a novel mechanism responsible for mitophagy initiation under hypoxia by chaperone Lon in mitochondria through the interaction with FUNDC1-ULK1 complex at the EMC site. These findings provide a direct correlation between Lon and mitophagy on cell survival and cancer progression.
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17
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Kuk MU, Lee H, Song ES, Lee YH, Park JY, Jeong S, Kwon HW, Byun Y, Park SC, Park JT. Functional restoration of lysosomes and mitochondria through modulation of AKT activity ameliorates senescence. Exp Gerontol 2023; 173:112091. [PMID: 36657533 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2023.112091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Senescence is a phenomenon defined by alterations in cellular organelles and is the primary cause of aging and aging-related diseases. Recent studies have shown that oncogene-induced senescence is driven by activation of serine/threonine protein kinases (AKT1, AKT2 and AKT3). In this study, we evaluated twelve AKT inhibitors and revealed GDC0068 as a potential agent to ameliorate senescence. Senescence-ameliorating effect was evident from the finding that GDC0068 yielded lysosomal functional recovery as observed by reduction in lysosomal mass and induction in autophagic flux. Furthermore, GDC0068-mediated restoration of lysosomal function activated the removal of dysfunctional mitochondria, resulting in restoration of mitochondrial function. Together, our findings revealed a unique mechanism by which senescence is recovered by functional restoration of lysosomes and mitochondria through modulation of AKT activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myeong Uk Kuk
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Haneur Lee
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Seon Song
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Haeng Lee
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yun Park
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Subin Jeong
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Wook Kwon
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea; Convergence Research Center for Insect Vectors, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngjoo Byun
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang Chul Park
- The Future Life & Society Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
| | - Joon Tae Park
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea; Convergence Research Center for Insect Vectors, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea.
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18
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Liton PB, Boesze-Battaglia K, Boulton ME, Boya P, Ferguson TA, Ganley IG, Kauppinnen A, Laurie GW, Mizushima N, Morishita H, Russo R, Sadda J, Shyam R, Sinha D, Thompson DA, Zacks DN. AUTOPHAGY IN THE EYE: FROM PHYSIOLOGY TO PATHOPHYSOLOGY. AUTOPHAGY REPORTS 2023; 2:2178996. [PMID: 37034386 PMCID: PMC10078619 DOI: 10.1080/27694127.2023.2178996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a catabolic self-degradative pathway that promotes the degradation and recycling of intracellular material through the lysosomal compartment. Although first believed to function in conditions of nutritional stress, autophagy is emerging as a critical cellular pathway, involved in a variety of physiological and pathophysiological processes. Autophagy dysregulation is associated with an increasing number of diseases, including ocular diseases. On one hand, mutations in autophagy-related genes have been linked to cataracts, glaucoma, and corneal dystrophy; on the other hand, alterations in autophagy and lysosomal pathways are a common finding in essentially all diseases of the eye. Moreover, LC3-associated phagocytosis, a form of non-canonical autophagy, is critical in promoting visual cycle function. This review collects the latest understanding of autophagy in the context of the eye. We will review and discuss the respective roles of autophagy in the physiology and/or pathophysiology of each of the ocular tissues, its diurnal/circadian variation, as well as its involvement in diseases of the eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma B. Liton
- Departments of Ophthalmology & Pathology, Duke School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27705, USA
| | - Kathleen Boesze-Battaglia
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Michael E. Boulton
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Patricia Boya
- Department of Neuroscience and Movement Science. Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Thomas A. Ferguson
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Ian G. Ganley
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Anu Kauppinnen
- Faculty of Health and Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Gordon W. Laurie
- Departments of Cell Biology, Ophthalmology and Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Noboru Mizushima
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hideaki Morishita
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
- Department of Physiology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Rossella Russo
- Preclinical and Translational Pharmacology, Glaucoma Unit, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Jaya Sadda
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Debasish Sinha
- Department of Ophthalmology, Cell Biology, and Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Wilmer Eye Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Debra A. Thompson
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - David N. Zacks
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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BORC complex specific components and Kinesin-1 mediate autophagy evasion by the autophagy-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Beijing strain. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1663. [PMID: 36717601 PMCID: PMC9886903 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28983-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy induction by starvation has been shown to enhance lysosomal delivery to mycobacterial phagosomes, resulting in the restriction of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis reference strain H37Rv. In contrast to H37Rv, our previous study showed that strains belonging to the notorious M. tuberculosis Beijing genotype could evade autophagic elimination. Our recent RNA-Seq analysis also discovered that the autophagy-resistant M. tuberculosis Beijing strain (BJN) evaded autophagic control by upregulating the expression of Kxd1, a BORC complex component, and Plekhm2, both of which function in lysosome positioning towards the cell periphery in host macrophages, thereby suppressing enhanced lysosomal delivery to its phagosome and sparing the BJN from elimination as a result. In this work, we further characterised the other specific components of the BORC complex, BORC5-8, and Kinesin proteins in autophagy resistance by the BJN. Depletion of BORCS5-8 and Kinesin-1, but not Kinesin-3, reverted autophagy avoidance by the BJN, resulting in increased lysosomal delivery to the BJN phagosomes. In addition, the augmented lysosome relocation towards the perinuclear region could now be observed in the BJN-infected host cells depleted in BORCS5-8 and Kinesin-1 expressions. Taken together, the data uncovered new roles for BORCS5-8 and Kinesin-1 in autophagy evasion by the BJN.
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20
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Feng L, Lu CK, Wu J, Chan LL, Yue J. Identification of Anhydrodebromoaplysiatoxin as a Dichotomic Autophagy Inhibitor. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:46. [PMID: 36662219 PMCID: PMC9862050 DOI: 10.3390/md21010046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysfunctional autophagy is associated with various human diseases, e.g., cancer. The discovery of small molecules modulating autophagy with therapeutic potential could be significant. To this end, we screened the ability of a series of metabolites isolated from marine microorganisms to modulate autophagy. Anhydrodebromoaplysiatoxin (ADAT), a metabolite yielded by the marine red algae Gracilaria coronopifolia, inhibited autophagosome-lysosome fusion in mammalian cells, thereby inducing the accumulation of autophagosomes. Treatment of cells with ADAT alkalinized lysosomal pH. Interestingly, ADAT also activated the mTOR/p70S6K/FoxO3a signaling pathway, likely leading to the inhibition of autophagy induction. ADAT had little effect on apoptosis. Our results suggest that ADAT is a dichotomic autophagy inhibitor that inhibits both late-stage (autophagosome-lysosome fusion) and early-stage (autophagy induction) autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Feng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory in Sustainable Use of Marine Biodiversity, Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Chung-Kuang Lu
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
- Department of Bioscience and Institute of Genomics, National Yang Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Jiajun Wu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory in Sustainable Use of Marine Biodiversity, Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518000, China
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Leo Lai Chan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory in Sustainable Use of Marine Biodiversity, Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518000, China
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
- Department of Biomedical Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Jianbo Yue
- Division of Natural and Applied Sciences, Synear Molecular Biology Lab, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan 215316, China
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21
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Jeong YJ, Lee KH, Woo J, Kim JY, Lee CH, Yoo CG. Downregulation of Lysosome-Associated Membrane Protein-2A Contributes to the Pathogenesis of COPD. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2023; 18:289-303. [PMID: 36942278 PMCID: PMC10024500 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s378386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Macroautophagy plays an important role in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but the role of chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) has not been investigated. We investigated if and how CMA is involved in the pathogenesis of COPD. Methods We measured the level of lysosome-associated membrane protein-2A (LAMP-2A), which is a critical component of CMA that functions as a receptor for cytosolic substrate proteins, in total lung tissues and primary human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) from healthy never smokers, smokers, and COPD patients. We assessed the effects of LAMP-2A knock-down on cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-induced aging, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis in BEAS-2B cells and the expression levels of apoptosis hallmarks in primary HBECs and lung tissue sections. Results We found that the protein levels of LAMP-2A in lung homogenates and primary HBECs from smokers and COPD patients were lower than those from never smokers. In addition, its level in primary HBECs was negatively correlated with years of smoking. CSE caused degradation of LAMP-2A protein via the lysosomal pathway by activating macroautophagy. Knock-down of LAMP-2A markedly enhanced CSE-induced expression of senescence markers such as p16, p21, p27, and p53. G2/M cell cycle arrest, up-regulation of cyclin B1, and apoptosis in BEAS-2B cells. Apoptosis was increased in CSE-treated primary HBECs and in lung tissues from smokers and COPD patients. Conclusion Cigarette smoke-induced down-regulation of LAMP-2A is involved in acceleration of aging and apoptosis of lung epithelial cells, which might at least partially contribute to COPD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Jeong Jeong
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Ilsan Dong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Kyoung-Hee Lee
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jisu Woo
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Kim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang-Hoon Lee
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chul-Gyu Yoo
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Correspondence: Chul-Gyu Yoo, 101 Daehakno, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea, Tel +82-2-2072-3760, Fax +82-2-762-9662, Email
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22
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Hasholt LF. Upregulated Chaperone-Mediated Autophagy May Perform a Key Role in Reduced Cancer Incidence in Huntington's Disease. J Huntingtons Dis 2023; 12:371-376. [PMID: 37927269 PMCID: PMC11091607 DOI: 10.3233/jhd-230586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Incidence of cancer is markedly reduced in patients with the hereditary neurodegenerative polyglutamine (polyQ) diseases. We have very poor knowledge of the underlying molecular mechanisms, but the expanded polyQ sequence is assumed to play a central role, because it is common to the respective disease related proteins. The inhibition seems to take place in all kinds of cells, because the lower cancer frequency applies to nearly all types of tumors and is not related with the characteristic pathological changes in specific brain tissues. Further, the cancer repressing mechanisms appear to be active early in life including in pre-symptomatic and early phase polyQ patients. Autophagy plays a central role in clearing proteins with expanded polyQ tracts, and autophagy modulation has been demonstrated and particularly investigated in Huntington's disease (HD). Macroautophagy may be dysfunctional due to defects in several steps of the process, whereas increased chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) has been shown in HD patients, cell and animal models. Recently, CMA is assumed to play a key role in prevention of cellular transformation of normal cells into cancer cells. Investigations of normal cells from HD and other polyQ carriers could therefore add further insight into the protective mechanisms of CMA in tumorigenesis, and be important for development of autophagy based strategies to prevent malignant processes leading to cancer and neurodegeneration.
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23
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Mächtel R, Boros FA, Dobert JP, Arnold P, Zunke F. From Lysosomal Storage Disorders to Parkinson's Disease - Challenges and Opportunities. J Mol Biol 2022:167932. [PMID: 36572237 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2022.167932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Lysosomes are specialized organelles with an acidic pH that act as recycling hubs for intracellular and extracellular components. They harbour numerous different hydrolytic enzymes to degrade substrates like proteins, peptides, and glycolipids. Reduced catalytic activity of lysosomal enzymes can cause the accumulation of these substrates and loss of lysosomal integrity, resulting in lysosomal dysfunction and lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs). Post-mitotic cells, such as neurons, seem to be highly sensitive to damages induced by lysosomal dysfunction, thus LSDs often manifest with neurological symptoms. Interestingly, some LSDs and Parkinson's disease (PD) share common cellular pathomechanisms, suggesting convergence of aetiology of the two disease types. This is further underlined by genetic associations of several lysosomal genes involved in LSDs with PD. The increasing number of lysosome-associated genetic risk factors for PD makes it necessary to understand functions and interactions of lysosomal proteins/enzymes both in health and disease, thereby holding the potential to identify new therapeutic targets. In this review, we highlight genetic and mechanistic interactions between the complex lysosomal network, LSDs and PD, and elaborate on methodical challenges in lysosomal research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Mächtel
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Clinics Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Jan Philipp Dobert
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Clinics Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Philipp Arnold
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Friederike Zunke
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Clinics Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.
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24
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Khayati K, Bhatt V, Lan T, Alogaili F, wang W, Lopez E, Hu ZS, Gokhale S, Cassidy L, Narita M, Xie P, White E, Guo JY. Transient Systemic Autophagy Inhibition Is Selectively and Irreversibly Deleterious to Lung Cancer. Cancer Res 2022; 82:4429-4443. [PMID: 36156071 PMCID: PMC9722642 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-22-1039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a conserved catabolic process that maintains cellular homeostasis. Autophagy supports lung tumorigenesis and is a potential therapeutic target in lung cancer. A better understanding of the importance of tumor cell-autonomous versus systemic autophagy in lung cancer could facilitate clinical translation of autophagy inhibition. Here, we exploited inducible expression of Atg5 shRNA to temporally control Atg5 levels and to generate reversible tumor-specific and systemic autophagy loss mouse models of KrasG12D/+;p53-/- (KP) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Transient suppression of systemic but not tumor Atg5 expression significantly reduced established KP lung tumor growth without damaging normal tissues. In vivo13C isotope tracing and metabolic flux analyses demonstrated that systemic Atg5 knockdown specifically led to reduced glucose and lactate uptake. As a result, carbon flux from glucose and lactate to major metabolic pathways, including the tricarboxylic acid cycle, glycolysis, and serine biosynthesis, was significantly reduced in KP NSCLC following systemic autophagy loss. Furthermore, systemic Atg5 knockdown increased tumor T-cell infiltration, leading to T-cell-mediated tumor killing. Importantly, intermittent transient systemic Atg5 knockdown, which resembles what would occur during autophagy inhibition for cancer therapy, significantly prolonged lifespan of KP lung tumor-bearing mice, resulting in recovery of normal tissues but not tumors. Thus, systemic autophagy supports the growth of established lung tumors by promoting immune evasion and sustaining cancer cell metabolism for energy production and biosynthesis, and the inability of tumors to recover from loss of autophagy provides further proof of concept that inhibition of autophagy is a valid approach to cancer therapy. SIGNIFICANCE Transient loss of systemic autophagy causes irreversible damage to tumors by suppressing cancer cell metabolism and promoting antitumor immunity, supporting autophagy inhibition as a rational strategy for treating lung cancer. See related commentary by Gan, p. 4322.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khoosheh Khayati
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA
| | - Vrushank Bhatt
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA
| | - Taijin Lan
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA
| | - Fawzi Alogaili
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA
| | - Wenping wang
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA
| | - Enrique Lopez
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA
| | - Zhixian Sherrie Hu
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA
| | - Samantha Gokhale
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Liam Cassidy
- University of Cambridge, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Masashi Narita
- University of Cambridge, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Ping Xie
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Eileen White
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
- Ludwig Princeton Branch, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA
| | - Jessie Yanxiang Guo
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA
- Department of Chemical Biology, Rutgers Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
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25
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Park JY, Lee H, Song ES, Lee YH, Kuk MU, Ko G, Kwon HW, Byun Y, Park JT. Restoration of Lysosomal and Mitochondrial Function Through p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Inhibition Ameliorates Senescence. Rejuvenation Res 2022; 25:291-299. [PMID: 36205578 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2022.0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncogene-induced senescence (OIS), characterized by irreversible cell cycle arrest by oncogene activation, plays an important role in the pathogenesis of aging and age-related diseases. Recent research indicates that OIS is driven by activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). However, it is not apparent whether MAPK inhibition helps to recover senescence. In our previous study, we uncovered p38 MAPK inhibitor, SB203580, as an effective agent to reduce reactive oxygen species and increase proliferation in premature senescent cells. In this study, we evaluated whether SB203580 could ameliorate senescence in normal senescent cells. The senescence-improving effect was observed in the results that SB203580 treatment restored lysosomal function, as evidenced by a decrease in lysosomal mass and an increase in autophagic vacuoles. Then, SB203580-mediated lysosomal function restoration triggered the clearance of damaged mitochondria, leading to metabolic reprogramming necessary for amelioration of senescence. Indeed, p38 MAPK inhibition by SB203580 improved key senescent phenotypes. Our findings suggest a novel mechanism by which modulation of p38 MAPK activity leads to senescence improvement through functional restoration of lysosome and mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yun Park
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Haneur Lee
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Seon Song
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Haeng Lee
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong Uk Kuk
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Gahyun Ko
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Wook Kwon
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea.,Convergence Research Center for Insect Vectors, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngjoo Byun
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Tae Park
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea.,Convergence Research Center for Insect Vectors, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
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26
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Park SW, Jeon P, Yamasaki A, Lee HE, Choi H, Mun JY, Jun YW, Park JH, Lee SH, Lee SK, Lee YK, Song HK, Lazarou M, Cho DH, Komatsu M, Noda NN, Jang DJ, Lee JA. Development of new tools to study membrane-anchored mammalian Atg8 proteins. Autophagy 2022:1-20. [PMID: 36250672 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2022.2132040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
ABBREVIATIONS A:C autophagic membrane:cytosol; ALS amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; ATG4 autophagy related 4; Atg8 autophagy related 8; BafA1 bafilomycin A1; BNIP3L/Nix BCL2 interacting protein 3 like; CALCOCO2/NDP52 calcium binding and coiled-coil domain 2; EBSS Earle's balanced salt solution; GABARAP GABA type A receptor-associated protein; GST glutathione S transferase; HKO hexa knockout; Kd dissociation constant; LIR LC3-interacting region; MAP1LC3/LC3 microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; NLS nuclear localization signal/sequence; PE phosphatidylethanolamine; SpHfl1 Schizosaccharomyces pombeorganic solute transmembrane transporter; SQSTM1/p62 SQSTM1/p62; TARDBP/TDP-43 TAR DNA binding protein; TKO triple knockout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Won Park
- Department of Vector Entomology, College of Ecology and Environment, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, Korea
| | - Pureum Jeon
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Nanotechnology, Hannam University, Daejeon, Korea
| | | | - Hye Eun Lee
- Neural circuit research group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, Korea
| | - Haneul Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Nanotechnology, Hannam University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Ji Young Mun
- Neural circuit research group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, Korea
| | - Yong-Woo Jun
- Department of Ecological Science, College of Ecology and Environment, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, Korea
| | - Ju-Hui Park
- Department of Ecological Science, College of Ecology and Environment, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, Korea
| | - Seung-Hwan Lee
- Department of Ecological Science, College of Ecology and Environment, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, Korea
| | - Soo-Kyeong Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Nanotechnology, Hannam University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - You-Kyung Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Nanotechnology, Hannam University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hyun Kyu Song
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Michael Lazarou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dong-Hyong Cho
- School of Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Masaaki Komatsu
- Department of Physiology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuo N Noda
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry, Tokyo, Japan.,Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Deok-Jin Jang
- Department of Vector Entomology, College of Ecology and Environment, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, Korea.,Department of Ecological Science, College of Ecology and Environment, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, Korea
| | - Jin-A Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Nanotechnology, Hannam University, Daejeon, Korea
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27
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Rotimi DE, Singh SK. Interaction between apoptosis and autophagy in testicular function. Andrologia 2022; 54:e14602. [PMID: 36161318 DOI: 10.1111/and.14602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Several processes including oxidative stress, apoptosis, inflammation and autophagy are related to testicular function. Recent studies indicate that a crosstalk between apoptosis and autophagy is essential in regulating testicular function. Autophagy and apoptosis communicate with each other in a complex way, allowing them to work for or against each other in testicular cell survival and death. Several xenobiotics especially endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) have caused reproductive toxicity because of their potential to modify the rate of autophagy and trigger apoptosis. Therefore, the purpose of the present review was to shed light on how autophagy and apoptosis interact together in the testis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damilare E Rotimi
- SDG 03 Group - Good Health & Well-being, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Nigeria.,Department of Biochemistry, Medicinal Biochemistry, Nanomedicine & Toxicology Laboratory, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Nigeria
| | - Shio Kumar Singh
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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28
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Lorusso B, Cerasoli G, Falco A, Frati C, Graiani G, Madeddu D, Nogara A, Corradini E, Roti G, Cerretani E, Gherli A, Caputi M, Gnetti L, Pilato FP, Quaini F, Lagrasta C. Β-blockers activate autophagy on infantile hemangioma-derived endothelial cells in vitro. Vascul Pharmacol 2022; 146:107110. [PMID: 36103993 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2022.107110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying the success of propranolol in the treatment of infantile hemangioma (IH) remain elusive and do not fully explain the rapid regression of hemangiomatous lesions following drug administration. As autophagy is critically implicated in vascular homeostasis, we determined whether β-blockers trigger the autophagic flux on infantile hemangioma-derived endothelial cells (Hem-ECs) in vitro. MATERIAL AND METHODS Fresh tissue specimens, surgically removed for therapeutic purpose to seven children affected by proliferative IH, were subjected to enzymatic digestion. Cells were sorted with anti-human CD31 immunolabeled magnetic microbeads. Following phenotypic characterization, expanded Hem-ECs, at P2 to P6, were exposed to different concentrations (50 μM to 150 μM) of propranolol, atenolol or metoprolol alone and in combination with the autophagy inhibitor Bafilomycin A1. Rapamycin, a potent inducer of autophagy, was also used as control. Autophagy was assessed by Lysotracker Red staining, western blot analysis of LC3BII/LC3BI and p62, and morphologically by transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS Hem-ECs treated with either propranolol, atenolol or metoprolol displayed positive LysoTracker Red staining. Increased LC3BII/LC3BI ratio, as well as p62 modulation, were documented in β-blockers treated Hem-ECs. Abundant autophagic vacuoles and multilamellar bodies characterized the cytoplasmic ultrastructural features of autophagy in cultured Hem-ECs exposed in vitro to β-blocking agents. Importantly, similar biochemical and morphologic evidence of autophagy were observed following rapamycin while Bafilomycin A1 significantly prevented the autophagic flux promoted by β-blockers in Hem-ECs. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that autophagy may be ascribed among the mechanisms of action of β-blockers suggesting new mechanistic insights on the potential therapeutic application of this class of drugs in pathologic conditions involving uncontrolled angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Lorusso
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cerasoli
- Pediatric Surgery, Ospedale dei Bambini of Parma, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Angela Falco
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Caterina Frati
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Gallia Graiani
- Dental School, University of Parma Medical School, Parma, Italy
| | - Denise Madeddu
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Antonella Nogara
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Emilia Corradini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Giovanni Roti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Elisa Cerretani
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy; Department of Medical Science, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Andrea Gherli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Letizia Gnetti
- Pathology Section, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Federico Quaini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Costanza Lagrasta
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
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29
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Shim MS, Liton PB. The physiological and pathophysiological roles of the autophagy lysosomal system in the conventional aqueous humor outflow pathway: More than cellular clean up. Prog Retin Eye Res 2022; 90:101064. [PMID: 35370083 PMCID: PMC9464695 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2022.101064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
During the last few years, the autophagy lysosomal system is emerging as a central cellular pathway with roles in survival, acting as a housekeeper and stress response mechanism. Studies by our and other labs suggest that autophagy might play an essential role in maintaining aqueous humor outflow homeostasis, and that malfunction of autophagy in outflow pathway cells might predispose to ocular hypertension and glaucoma pathogenesis. In this review, we will collect the current knowledge and discuss the molecular mechanisms by which autophagy does or might regulate normal outflow pathway tissue function, and its response to different types of stressors (oxidative stress and mechanical stress). We will also discuss novel roles of autophagy and lysosomal enzymes in modulation of TGFβ signaling and ECM remodeling, and the link between dysregulated autophagy and cellular senescence. We will examine what we have learnt, using pre-clinical animal models about how dysregulated autophagy can contribute to disease and apply that to the current status of autophagy in human glaucoma. Finally, we will consider and discuss the challenges and the potential of autophagy as a therapeutic target for the treatment of ocular hypertension and glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myoung Sup Shim
- Duke University, Department of Ophthalmology, Durham, NC, 27705, USA
| | - Paloma B Liton
- Duke University, Department of Ophthalmology, Durham, NC, 27705, USA.
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30
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Zhang G, Wang Y, Lin J, Wang B, Mohsin A, Cheng Z, Hao W, Gao WQ, Xu H, Guo M. Biological activity reduction and mitochondrial and lysosomal dysfunction of mesenchymal stem cells aging in vitro. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:411. [PMID: 35964126 PMCID: PMC9375398 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-03107-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been extensively used for the treatment of various diseases in preclinical and clinical trials. In vitro propagation is needed to attain enough cells for clinical use. However, cell aging and viability reduction caused by long-time culture have not been thoroughly investigated, especially for the function of mitochondria and lysosomes. Therefore, this study was designed to detect mitochondrial and lysosomal activity, morphological and functional changes in human umbilical cord MSCs (UMSCs) after long-time culture. METHODS First, we examined cell activities, including proliferation and immigration ability, differentiation potential, and immunosuppressive capacity of UMSCs at an early and late passages as P4 (named UMSC-P4) and P9 (named UMSC-P9), respectively. Then, we compared the mitochondrial morphology of UMSC-P4 and UMSC-P9 using the electronic microscope and MitoTracker Red dyes. Furthermore, we investigated mitochondrial function, including mitochondrial membrane potential, antioxidative ability, apoptosis, and ferroptosis detected by respective probe. Cell energy metabolism was tested by mass spectrometry. In addition, we compared the lysosomal morphology of UMSC-P4 and UMSC-P9 by electronic microscope and lysoTracker Red dyes. Finally, the transcriptome sequence was performed to analyze the total gene expression of these cells. RESULTS It was found that UMSC-P9 exhibited a reduced biological activity and showed an impaired mitochondrial morphology with disordered structure, reduced mitochondrial crista, and mitochondrial fragments. They also displayed decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, antioxidative ability, tricarboxylic acid cycle activity and energy production. At the same time, apoptosis and ferroptosis were increased. In addition, UMSC-P9, relative to UMSC-P4, showed undegraded materials in their lysosomes, the enhancement in lysosomal membrane permeability, the reduction in autophagy and phagocytosis. Moreover, transcriptome sequence analysis also revealed a reduction of cell function, metabolism, mitochondrial biogenesis, DNA replication and repair, and an increase of gene expression related to cell senescence, cancer, diseases, and infection in UMSC-P9. CONCLUSION This study indicates that in vitro long-time culturing of MSCs can cause mitochondrial and lysosomal dysfunction, probably contributing to the decline of cell activity and cell aging. Therefore, the morphology and function of mitochondria and lysosomes can be regarded as two important parameters to monitor cell viability, and they can also serve as two important indicators for optimizing in vitro culture conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 329#, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-MedX Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Yuli Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Jianhua Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Bo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 329#, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-MedX Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Ali Mohsin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 329#, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhimin Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-MedX Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Weijie Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-MedX Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Wei-Qiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-MedX Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China. .,Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China.
| | - Huiming Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-MedX Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China.
| | - Meijin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 329#, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China.
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31
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Huang S, Zhao Y, Liu J. HIF-1α enhances autophagy to alleviate apoptosis in marginal cells in the stria vascular in neonatal rats under hypoxia. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2022; 149:106259. [PMID: 35779841 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2022.106259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In the cochlea, various factors, such as noise, aging, and inflammation, induce hypoxia, resulting in the up-regulation of hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α). The role of HIF-1α in hypoxic marginal cells (MCs) of the stria vascularis is unknown. This study examined HIF-1α-mediated autophagy in MCs of neonatal rats and its mechanism of action. We found that an increase in HIF-1α expression was associated with autophagy and apoptosis. Treatment with PX478, a specific inhibitor of HIF-1α, decreased the HIF-1α level, and the degree of autophagy decreased in hypoxic and apoptotic MCs. By contrast, treatment with DMOG, an activator of HIF-1α, increased autophagy and decreased apoptosis. Both PX478 and DMOG had no effect on the apoptotic rate after treatment with 3-methyladenine, an inhibitor of autophagy, indicating that HIF-1α promoted autophagy to protect MCs from hypoxia-induced apoptosis. Lastly, we silenced Bnip3(Bcl-2/adenovirus E1B 19-kDa interacting protein) in MCs to identify the mechanism of action. Our results show that the HIF-1α-BNIP3 pathway mediates the anti-apoptotic effects through an increase in autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihan Huang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanyun Zhao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.
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Cueto-Ureña C, Mocholí E, Escrivá-Fernández J, González-Granero S, Sánchez-Hernández S, Solana-Orts A, Ballester-Lurbe B, Benabdellah K, Guasch RM, García-Verdugo JM, Martín F, Coffer PJ, Pérez-Roger I, Poch E. Rnd3 Expression is Necessary to Maintain Mitochondrial Homeostasis but Dispensable for Autophagy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:834561. [PMID: 35832788 PMCID: PMC9271580 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.834561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly conserved process that mediates the targeting and degradation of intracellular components to lysosomes, contributing to the maintenance of cellular homeostasis and to obtaining energy, which ensures viability under stress conditions. Therefore, autophagy defects are common to different neurodegenerative disorders. Rnd3 belongs to the family of Rho GTPases, involved in the regulation of actin cytoskeleton dynamics and important in the modulation of cellular processes such as migration and proliferation. Murine models have shown that Rnd3 is relevant for the correct development and function of the Central Nervous System and lack of its expression produces several motor alterations and neural development impairment. However, little is known about the molecular events through which Rnd3 produces these phenotypes. Interestingly we have observed that Rnd3 deficiency correlates with the appearance of autophagy impairment profiles and irregular mitochondria. In this work, we have explored the impact of Rnd3 loss of expression in mitochondrial function and autophagy, using a Rnd3 KO CRISPR cell model. Rnd3 deficient cells show no alterations in autophagy and mitochondria turnover is not impaired. However, Rnd3 KO cells have an altered mitochondria oxidative metabolism, resembling the effect caused by oxidative stress. In fact, lack of Rnd3 expression makes these cells strictly dependent on glycolysis to obtain energy. Altogether, our results demonstrate that Rnd3 is relevant to maintain mitochondria function, suggesting a possible relationship with neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Cueto-Ureña
- School of Health Sciences, Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain
| | - Enric Mocholí
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Josep Escrivá-Fernández
- School of Health Sciences, Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain
| | - Susana González-Granero
- Laboratorio de Neurobiologia Comparada, Instituto Cavanilles de Biodiversidad y Biologia Evolutiva, Universidad de Valencia and CIBER de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Valencia, Spain
| | - Sabina Sánchez-Hernández
- Genomic Medicine Department, GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer-University of Granada-Andalusian Regional Government, Health Sciences Technology Park, Granada, Spain
| | - Amalia Solana-Orts
- School of Health Sciences, Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain
| | - Begoña Ballester-Lurbe
- School of Health Sciences, Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain
| | - Karim Benabdellah
- Genomic Medicine Department, GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer-University of Granada-Andalusian Regional Government, Health Sciences Technology Park, Granada, Spain
| | - Rosa M. Guasch
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - José Manuel García-Verdugo
- Laboratorio de Neurobiologia Comparada, Instituto Cavanilles de Biodiversidad y Biologia Evolutiva, Universidad de Valencia and CIBER de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisco Martín
- Genomic Medicine Department, GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer-University of Granada-Andalusian Regional Government, Health Sciences Technology Park, Granada, Spain
| | - Paul J. Coffer
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Ignacio Pérez-Roger
- School of Health Sciences, Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain
- *Correspondence: Ignacio Pérez-Roger, ; Enric Poch,
| | - Enric Poch
- School of Health Sciences, Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain
- *Correspondence: Ignacio Pérez-Roger, ; Enric Poch,
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The Rab11-regulated endocytic pathway and BDNF/TrkB signaling: Roles in plasticity changes and neurodegenerative diseases. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 171:105796. [PMID: 35728773 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurons are highly polarized cells that rely on the intracellular transport of organelles. This process is regulated by molecular motors such as dynein and kinesins and the Rab family of monomeric GTPases that together help move cargo along microtubules in dendrites, somas, and axons. Rab5-Rab11 GTPases regulate receptor trafficking along early-recycling endosomes, which is a process that determines the intracellular signaling output of different signaling pathways, including those triggered by BDNF binding to its tyrosine kinase receptor TrkB. BDNF is a well-recognized neurotrophic factor that regulates experience-dependent plasticity in different circuits in the brain. The internalization of the BDNF/TrkB complex results in signaling endosomes that allow local signaling in dendrites and presynaptic terminals, nuclear signaling in somas and dynein-mediated long-distance signaling from axons to cell bodies. In this review, we briefly discuss the organization of the endocytic pathway and how Rab11-recycling endosomes interact with other endomembrane systems. We further expand upon the roles of the Rab11-recycling pathway in neuronal plasticity. Then, we discuss the BDNF/TrkB signaling pathways and their functional relationships with the postendocytic trafficking of BDNF, including axonal transport, emphasizing the role of BDNF signaling endosomes, particularly Rab5-Rab11 endosomes, in neuronal plasticity. Finally, we discuss the evidence indicating that the dysfunction of the early-recycling pathway impairs BDNF signaling, contributing to several neurodegenerative diseases.
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Zhou X, Jin W, Sun H, Li C, Jia J. Perturbation of autophagy: An intrinsic toxicity mechanism of nanoparticles. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 823:153629. [PMID: 35131247 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) have been widely used for various purposes due to their unique physicochemical properties. Such widespread applications greatly increase the possibility of human exposure to NPs in various ways. Once entering the human body, NPs may interfere with cellular homeostasis and thus affect the physiological system. As a result, it is necessary to evaluate the potential disturbance of NPs to multiple cell functions, including autophagy. Autophagy is an important cell function to maintain cellular homeostasis, and minimizing the disturbance caused by NP exposures to autophagy is critical to nanosafety. Herein, we summarized the recent research progress in nanotoxicity with particular focuses on the perturbation of NPs to cell autophagy. The basic processes of autophagy and complex relationships between autophagy and major human diseases were further discussed to emphasize the importance of keeping autophagy under control. Moreover, the most recent advances on perturbation of different types of NPs to autophagy were also reviewed. Last but not least, we also discussed major research challenges and potential coping strategies and proposed a safe-by-design strategy towards safer applications of NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Zhou
- College of Science & Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Huanghua 061100, China
| | - Weitao Jin
- College of Science & Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Huanghua 061100, China
| | - Hainan Sun
- Shandong Vocational College of Light Industry, Zibo 255300, China
| | - Chengjun Li
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Jianbo Jia
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Dash P, Mohapatra SR, Pati S. Metabolomics of Multimorbidity: Could It Be the Quo Vadis? Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:848971. [PMID: 35359598 PMCID: PMC8962190 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.848971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Multimorbidity, the simultaneous presence of two or more chronic diseases, affects the health care to a great extent. Its association with health care cost, more disability, and poor quality of life makes it a major public health risk. The matter of worry is that management of a multimorbid condition is complicated by the fact that multiple types of treatment may be required to treat different diseases at a time, and the interaction between some of the therapies can be detrimental. Understanding the causal factors of simultaneously occurring disease conditions and investigating the connected pathways involved in the whole process may resolve the complication. When different disease conditions present in an individual share common responsible factors, treatment strategies targeting at those common causes will certainly reduce the chance of development of multimorbidity occurring because of those factors. Metabolomics that can dig out the underlying metabolites/molecules of a medical condition is believed to be an effective technique for identification of biomarkers and intervention of effective treatment strategies for multiple diseases. We hypothesize that understanding the metabolic profile may shed light on targeting the common culprit for different/similar chronic diseases ultimately making the treatment strategy more effective with a combinatorial effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pujarini Dash
- Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Soumya R. Mohapatra
- Department of Research and Development, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, KIIT Deemed to Be University, Bhubaneswar, India
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to Be University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Sanghamitra Pati
- Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, India
- *Correspondence: Sanghamitra Pati,
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Liu D, Liu J, Zhang D, Yang W. Advances in relationship between cell senescence and atherosclerosis. Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2022; 51:95-101. [PMID: 35576118 PMCID: PMC9109755 DOI: 10.3724/zdxbyxb-2021-0270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a biological process associated with the degeneration of cell structure and function, which contribute to age-related diseases. Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease that can cause a variety of cardiovascular disorders. In this article, we review the effects of cellular senescence on the development of atherosclerosis through diverse physiopathological changes, focusing on the alterations in senescent organelles and the increased senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), and exploring the relevant therapeutic strategies for atherosclerosis by clearing senescent cells and reducing SASP, to provide new insights for the treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dekun Liu
- 1. Faculty of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250300, China
| | - Jiali Liu
- 1. Faculty of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250300, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- 3. Innovation Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250300, China
| | - Wenqing Yang
- 2. Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250300, China
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Baindara P, Agrawal S, Franco OL. Host-directed therapies for malaria and tuberculosis: common infection strategies and repurposed drugs. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2022; 20:849-869. [DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2022.2044794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Piyush Baindara
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Sonali Agrawal
- Immunology Division, ICMR-National JALMA Institute for Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Diseases, Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - O. L. Franco
- Proteomics Analysis and Biochemical Center, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil; S-Inova Biotech, Catholic University Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
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38
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Paduraru E, Iacob D, Rarinca V, Rusu A, Jijie R, Ilie OD, Ciobica A, Nicoara M, Doroftei B. Comprehensive Review Regarding Mercury Poisoning and Its Complex Involvement in Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23041992. [PMID: 35216107 PMCID: PMC8879904 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23041992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) is considered one of the most widespread toxic environmental pollutants, which seems to have multiple effects on organisms even at low concentrations. It has a critical role in many health problems with harmful consequences, with Hg primarily targeting the brain and its components, such as the central nervous system (CNS). Hg exposure was associated with numerous CNS disorders that frequently trigger Alzheimer's disease (AD). Patients with AD have higher concentrations of Hg in blood and brain tissue. This paper aims to emphasize a correlation between Hg and AD based on the known literature in the occupational field. The outcome shows that all these concerning elements could get attributed to Hg. However, recent studies did not investigate the molecular level of Hg exposure in AD. The present review highlights the interactions between Hg and AD in neuronal degenerations, apoptosis, autophagy, oxidative stress (OS), mitochondrial malfunctions, gastrointestinal (GI) microflora, infertility and altering gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Paduraru
- Doctoral School of Geosciences, Faculty of Geography and Geology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, No 20A, Carol I Avenue, 700505 Iasi, Romania; (E.P.); (D.I.); (V.R.); (A.R.)
| | - Diana Iacob
- Doctoral School of Geosciences, Faculty of Geography and Geology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, No 20A, Carol I Avenue, 700505 Iasi, Romania; (E.P.); (D.I.); (V.R.); (A.R.)
| | - Viorica Rarinca
- Doctoral School of Geosciences, Faculty of Geography and Geology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, No 20A, Carol I Avenue, 700505 Iasi, Romania; (E.P.); (D.I.); (V.R.); (A.R.)
| | - Angelica Rusu
- Doctoral School of Geosciences, Faculty of Geography and Geology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, No 20A, Carol I Avenue, 700505 Iasi, Romania; (E.P.); (D.I.); (V.R.); (A.R.)
| | - Roxana Jijie
- Department of Exact and Natural Sciences, Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, No 20A, Carol I Avenue, 700505 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Ovidiu-Dumitru Ilie
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, No 20A, Carol I Avenue, 700505 Iasi, Romania;
- Correspondence: (O.-D.I.); (M.N.)
| | - Alin Ciobica
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, No 20A, Carol I Avenue, 700505 Iasi, Romania;
- Center of Biomedical Research, Romanian Academy, No 8, Carol I Avenue, 700506 Iasi, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, No 54, Independence Street, Sector 5, 050094 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mircea Nicoara
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, No 20A, Carol I Avenue, 700505 Iasi, Romania;
- Correspondence: (O.-D.I.); (M.N.)
| | - Bogdan Doroftei
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Grigore T. Popa, No 16, University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
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Belyaeva E, Kharwar RK, Ulasov IV, Karlina I, Timashev P, Mohammadinejad R, Acharya A. Isoforms of autophagy-related proteins: role in glioma progression and therapy resistance. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 477:593-604. [PMID: 34854022 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04308-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is the process of recycling and utilization of degraded organelles and macromolecules in the cell compartments formed during the fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes. During autophagy induction the healthy and tumor cells adapt themselves to harsh conditions such as cellular stress or insufficient supply of nutrients in the cell environment to maintain their homeostasis. Autophagy is currently seen as a form of programmed cell death along with apoptosis and necroptosis. In recent years multiple studies have considered the autophagy as a potential mechanism of anticancer therapy in malignant glioma. Although, subsequent steps in autophagy development are known and well-described, on molecular level the mechanism of autophagosome initiation and maturation using autophagy-related proteins is under investigation. This article reviews current state about the mechanism of autophagy, its molecular pathways and the most recent studies on roles of autophagy-related proteins and their isoforms in glioma progression and its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizaveta Belyaeva
- Group of Experimental Biotherapy and Diagnostics, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, World-Class Research Center "Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare", Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia, 119991
| | - Rajesh Kumar Kharwar
- Endocrine Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Kutir Post Graduate College, Chakkey, Jaunpur, UP, India
| | - Ilya V Ulasov
- Group of Experimental Biotherapy and Diagnostics, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, World-Class Research Center "Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare", Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia, 119991.
| | - Irina Karlina
- Group of Experimental Biotherapy and Diagnostics, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, World-Class Research Center "Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare", Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia, 119991
| | - Petr Timashev
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation, 119991
- Department of Polymers and Composites, N.N.Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, 4 Kosygin st., Moscow, Russian Federation, 119991
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory 1-3, Moscow, Russian Federation, 119991
| | - Reza Mohammadinejad
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Arbind Acharya
- Tumor Immunology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, 221005, India.
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Xue YY, Lu YY, Sun GQ, Fang F, Ji YQ, Tang HF, Qiu PC, Cheng G. CN-3 increases TMZ sensitivity and induces ROS-dependent apoptosis and autophagy in TMZ-resistance glioblastoma. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2021; 36:e22973. [PMID: 34967073 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Many glioma patients develop resistance to temozolomide (TMZ) treatment, resulting in reduced efficacy and survival rates. TMZ-resistant cell lines SHG44R and U87R, which highly express O6 -methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) and P-gp, were established. CN-3, a new asterosaponin, showed cytotoxic effects on TMZ-resistant cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner via reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated apoptosis and autophagy. Transmission electron microscopy and monodansylcadaverine (MDC) staining showed turgidity of the mitochondria and autophagosomes in CN-3-treated SHG44R and U87R cells. The autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine was used to confirm the important role of autophagy in CN-3 cytotoxicity in TMZ-resistant cells. The ROS scavenger N-acetyl- l-cysteine (NAC) attenuated the levels of ROS induced by CN-3 and, therefore, rescued the CN-3 cytotoxic effect on the viability of SHG44R and U87R cells by Cell Counting Kit-8 assays and JuLI-Stage videos. MDC staining also confirmed that NAC rescued an autophagosome increase in CN-3-treated SHG44R and U87R cells. Western blotting revealed that CN-3 increased Bax, cleaved-caspase 3, cytochrome C, PARP-1, LC3-Ⅱ, and Beclin1, and decreased P-AKT, Bcl-2, and p62. Further rescue experiments revealed that CN-3 induced apoptosis and autophagy through ROS-mediated cytochrome C, cleaved-caspase 3, Bcl-2, P-AKT, PARP-1, and LC3-Ⅱ. In addition, CN-3 promoted SHG44R and U87R cells sensitive to TMZ by reducing the expression of P-gp, MGMT, and nuclear factor kappa B p65, and it had a synergistic cytotoxic effect with TMZ. Moreover, CN-3 disrupted the natural cycle arrest and inhibited the migration of SHG44R and U87R cells by promoting cyclin E1 and D1, and by decreasing P21, P27, N-cadherin, β-catenin, transforming growth factor beta 1, and Smad2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ye Xue
- School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Yun-Yang Lu
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica and Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Guang-Qiang Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Fei Fang
- Central Laboratory of Xi'an No. 1 Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Yu-Qiang Ji
- Central Laboratory of Xi'an No. 1 Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Hai-Feng Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China.,Department of Chinese Materia Medica and Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Peng-Cheng Qiu
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica and Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Guang Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Institute of Clinical Neuroscience, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Valko A, Perez-Pandolfo S, Sorianello E, Brech A, Wappner P, Melani M. Adaptation to hypoxia in Drosophila melanogaster requires autophagy. Autophagy 2021; 18:909-920. [PMID: 34793268 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2021.1991191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy/autophagy, a mechanism of degradation of intracellular material required to sustain cellular homeostasis, is exacerbated under stress conditions like nutrient deprivation, protein aggregation, organelle senescence, pathogen invasion, and hypoxia, among others. Detailed in vivo description of autophagic responses triggered by hypoxia is limited. We have characterized the autophagic response induced by hypoxia in Drosophila melanogaster. We found that this process is essential for Drosophila adaptation and survival because larvae with impaired autophagy are hypersensitive to low oxygen levels. Hypoxia triggers a bona fide autophagic response, as evaluated by several autophagy markers including Atg8, LysoTracker, Lamp1, Pi3K59F/Vps34 activity, transcriptional induction of Atg genes, as well as by transmission electron microscopy. Autophagy occurs in waves of autophagosome formation and maturation as hypoxia exposure is prolonged. Hypoxia-triggered autophagy is induced cell autonomously, and different tissues are sensitive to hypoxic treatments. We found that hypoxia-induced autophagy depends on the basic autophagy machinery but not on the hypoxia master regulator sima/HIF1A. Overall, our studies lay the foundation for using D. melanogaster as a model system for studying autophagy under hypoxic conditions, which, in combination with the potency of genetic manipulations available in this organism, provides a platform for studying the involvement of autophagy in hypoxia-associated pathologies and developmentally regulated processes.Abbreviations: Atg: autophagy-related; FYVE: zinc finger domain from Fab1 (yeast ortholog of PIKfyve); GFP: green fluorescent protein; HIF: hypoxia-inducible factor; hsf: heat shock factor; Hx: hypoxia; mCh: mCherry; PtdIns: phosphatidylinositol; PtdIns3P: phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate; Rheb: Ras homolog enriched in brain; sima: similar; Stv: Starvation; TEM: transmission electron microscopy; Tor: target of rapamycin; UAS: upstream activating sequence; Vps: vacuolar protein sorting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayelén Valko
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sebastián Perez-Pandolfo
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional De Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eleonora Sorianello
- Consejo Nacional De Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Laboratorio De Regulación Hipofisaria, Instituto De Medicina Y Biología Experimental (Ibyme-conicet), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andreas Brech
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pablo Wappner
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional De Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento De Fisiología, Biología Molecular Y Celular, Facultad De Ciencias Exactas Y Naturales, Universidad De Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariana Melani
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional De Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento De Fisiología, Biología Molecular Y Celular, Facultad De Ciencias Exactas Y Naturales, Universidad De Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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A Decade of Mighty Lipophagy: What We Know and What Facts We Need to Know? OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:5539161. [PMID: 34777688 PMCID: PMC8589519 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5539161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Lipids are integral cellular components that act as substrates for energy provision, signaling molecules, and essential constituents of biological membranes along with a variety of other biological functions. Despite their significance, lipid accumulation may result in lipotoxicity, impair autophagy, and lysosomal function that may lead to certain diseases and metabolic syndromes like obesity and even cell death. Therefore, these lipids are continuously recycled and redistributed by the process of selective autophagy specifically termed as lipophagy. This selective form of autophagy employs lysosomes for the maintenance of cellular lipid homeostasis. In this review, we have reviewed the current literature about how lipid droplets (LDs) are recruited towards lysosomes, cross-talk between a variety of autophagy receptors present on LD surface and lysosomes, and lipid hydrolysis by lysosomal enzymes. In addition to it, we have tried to answer most of the possible questions related to lipophagy regulation at different levels. Moreover, in the last part of this review, we have discussed some of the pathological states due to the accumulation of these LDs and their possible treatments under the light of currently available findings.
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Li P, Ma Y, Yu C, Wu S, Wang K, Yi H, Liang W. Autophagy and Aging: Roles in Skeletal Muscle, Eye, Brain and Hepatic Tissue. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:752962. [PMID: 34778264 PMCID: PMC8581214 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.752962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionary conserved degradative process contributing to cytoplasm quality control, metabolic recycling and cell defense. Aging is a universal phenomenon characterized by the progressive accumulation of impaired molecular and reduced turnover of cellular components. Recent evidence suggests a unique role for autophagy in aging and age-related disease. Indeed, autophagic activity declines with age and enhanced autophagy may prevent the progression of many age-related diseases and prolong life span. All tissues experience changes during aging, while the role of autophagy in different tissues varies. This review summarizes the links between autophagy and aging in the whole organism and discusses the physiological and pathological roles of autophagy in the aging process in tissues such as skeletal muscle, eye, brain, and liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- College of Life Sciences and Health, Institute of Visual Neuroscience and Stem Cell Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuanzheng Ma
- Department of Physiology, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Chengwei Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shoutong Wu
- Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hongyang Yi
- Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
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Olfati A, Tvrda E. Riboflavin recovery of spermatogenic dysfunction via a dual inhibition of oxidative changes and regulation of the PINK1-mediated pathway in arsenic-injured rat model. Physiol Res 2021; 70:591-603. [PMID: 34062077 PMCID: PMC8820542 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Arsenic trioxide (As2O3) poisoning and associated potential lesions are of a global concern. Inversely, riboflavin (vitamin B2, VB2) as a component of flavoproteins could play a vital role in the spermatogenic enzymatic reactions. Thus, this research aimed to explore potential beneficial roles of VB2 during As2O3-injured-toxicity. Rats were randomly allocated into 4 groups (n=8/group) and challenged as follows (for 30 days continuously): Group 1 received normal saline; Group 2 was treated with 3 mg As2O3/L; Group 3 received 40 mg VB2/L; Group 4 received 3 mg As2O3/L + 40 mg VB2/L. Both As2O3 and VB2 were dissolved in deionized water. Malondialdehyde (MDA), Glutathione Peroxidase (GSH-Px), Superoxide dismutase (SOD), and Catalase (CAT) were assessed for the oxidative profile, while TAS (Total Antioxidative Status) levels were evaluated for the antioxidant system, in both serum and testicular tissue. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. The results show that As2O3 significantly decreased the body weight, testicular weight and testis volume, semen quality and testicular cell count (p<0.05). Furthermore, MDA content in the testicular tissue of the As2O3 group rats was significantly higher in comparison to the vehicle group (p<0.05). Likewise, TAS and the activities of GSH-Px, CAT and SOD were reduced (p<0.05) when compared to the control. As(2)O(3) induced testicular damage and seminiferous tubular atrophy. Monodansylcadaverine assays mirrored the histopathology observations. Meanwhile, As2O3 upregulated the expression of mitophagy-related genes including PINK1, Parkin, USP8, LC3-I, Fis1 and Mfn2. The p38 gene, responsible to stress stimuli, was also upregulated by As2O3 administration. Meanwhile, exposure to VB2 led to a significant decrease of the expression levels of mitophagy related genes. Our study revealed that VB2 supplementation protected testicular structures against As2O3-induced injury via a dual inhibition of oxidative changes and a regulation of the PINK1-mediated pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Olfati
- Young Researchers and Elites Club, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran.
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Song S, Guo Q, Zhu Y, Yuan P, Yan Z, Yan L, Qiao J. Exploring the role of autophagy during early human embryonic development through single-cell transcriptome and methylome analyses. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2021; 65:940-952. [PMID: 34302606 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-021-1948-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Early human embryogenesis is a very sophisticated process due to its unique gene regulatory network. Autophagy has been suggested to play an important role in mediating the development of early embryonic cells in mammals. However, evidence showing how autophagy regulates early human embryogenesis remains to be further explored. In this study, we systematically investigated the human transcriptome and methylome patterns of autophagy-related (ATG) genes in early embryonic cells at single-cell resolution. We analyzed the transcriptomic data of 365 cells and methylome data of 265 cells. The results showed that most ATG genes remained epigenetically active and were expressed stably throughout early embryogenesis, whereas the dynamics varied among different developmental stages. This evidence indicated that the autophagy pathway was constitutively activated and exerted a fundamental role in early human embryo development. Our work, for the first time, comprehensively reveals the features of autophagy during early human embryo development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Song
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital), Beijing, 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Qianying Guo
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital), Beijing, 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yiru Zhu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital), Beijing, 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Peng Yuan
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital), Beijing, 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Zhiqiang Yan
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital), Beijing, 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Liying Yan
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital), Beijing, 100191, China.
- Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Jie Qiao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital), Beijing, 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, 100191, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, Beijing, 100871, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Research Units of Comprehensive Diagnosis and Treatment of Oocyte Maturation Arrest, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100191, China
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Pandey K, Yu XW, Steinmetz A, Alberini CM. Autophagy coupled to translation is required for long-term memory. Autophagy 2021; 17:1614-1635. [PMID: 32501746 PMCID: PMC8354608 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2020.1775393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
An increase in protein synthesis following learning is a fundamental and evolutionarily conserved mechanism of long-term memory. To maintain homeostasis, this protein synthesis must be counterbalanced by mechanisms such as protein degradation. Recent studies reported that macroautophagy/autophagy, a major protein degradation mechanism, is required for long-term memory formation. However, how learning regulates autophagy and recruits it into long-term memory formation remains to be established. Here, we show that inhibitory avoidance in rats significantly increases the levels of autophagy and lysosomal degradation proteins, including BECN1/beclin 1, LC3-II, SQSTM1/p62 and LAMP1, as well as autophagic flux in the hippocampus. Moreover, pharmacological inhibition or targeted molecular disruption of the learning-induced autophagy impairs long-term memory, leaving short-term memory intact. The increase in autophagy proteins results from active translation of their mRNA and not from changes in their total mRNA levels. Additionally, the induction of autophagy requires the immediate early gene Arc/Arg3.1. Finally, in contrast to classical regulation of autophagy in other systems, we found that the increase in autophagy upon learning is dispensable for the increase in protein synthesis. We conclude that coupling between learning-induced translation and autophagy, rather than translation per se, is an essential mechanism of long-term memory.Abbreviations: AAV: adeno-associated virus; ARC/ARG3.1: activity regulated cytoskeletal-associated protein; ATG: autophagy related; DG: dentate gyrus; GFP: green fluorescent protein; IA: inhibitory avoidance; LAMP1: lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1; MAP1LC3B/LC3B: microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; ODN: oligodeoxynucleotide; qPCR: quantitative polymerase chain reaction; SBI: SBI0206965; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; SUnSET: surface sensing of translation; TRAP: translating ribosome affinity purification; ULK1: unc-51 like kinase 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Pandey
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xiao-Wen Yu
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Adam Steinmetz
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY, USA
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Sethna S, Scott PA, Giese APJ, Duncan T, Jian X, Riazuddin S, Randazzo PA, Redmond TM, Bernstein SL, Riazuddin S, Ahmed ZM. CIB2 regulates mTORC1 signaling and is essential for autophagy and visual function. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3906. [PMID: 34162842 PMCID: PMC8222345 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24056-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder. Although molecular mechanisms remain elusive, deficits in autophagy have been associated with AMD. Here we show that deficiency of calcium and integrin binding protein 2 (CIB2) in mice, leads to age-related pathologies, including sub-retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) deposits, marked accumulation of drusen markers APOE, C3, Aβ, and esterified cholesterol, and impaired visual function, which can be rescued using exogenous retinoids. Cib2 mutant mice exhibit reduced lysosomal capacity and autophagic clearance, and increased mTORC1 signaling-a negative regulator of autophagy. We observe concordant molecular deficits in dry-AMD RPE/choroid post-mortem human tissues. Mechanistically, CIB2 negatively regulates mTORC1 by preferentially binding to 'nucleotide empty' or inactive GDP-loaded Rheb. Upregulated mTORC1 signaling has been implicated in lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) cancer. Over-expressing CIB2 in LAM patient-derived fibroblasts downregulates hyperactive mTORC1 signaling. Thus, our findings have significant implications for treatment of AMD and other mTORC1 hyperactivity-associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saumil Sethna
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Patrick A Scott
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Arnaud P J Giese
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Todd Duncan
- Laboratory of Retinal Cell and Molecular Biology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Xiaoying Jian
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sheikh Riazuddin
- Allama Iqbal Medical College, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Paul A Randazzo
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - T Michael Redmond
- Laboratory of Retinal Cell and Molecular Biology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Steven L Bernstein
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Saima Riazuddin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Zubair M Ahmed
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Wu Z, Xu H, Liu J, Zhou F, Liang Y. The ESCRT-III complex contributes to macromitophagy in yeast. Traffic 2021; 22:258-273. [PMID: 34089296 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria play important roles in energy generation and homeostasis maintenance in eukaryotic cells. The damaged or superfluous mitochondria can be nonselectively or selectively removed through the autophagy/lysosome pathway, which was referred as mitophagy. According to the molecular machinery for degrading mitochondria, the selectively removed mitochondria can occur through macromitophagy or micromitophagy. In this study, we show that the endosomal sorting complex required for transport III (ESCRT-III) in budding yeast regulates macromitophagy induced by nitrogen starvation, but not by the post-logarithmic phase growth in lactate medium by monitoring a mitochondrial marker, Om45. Firstly, loss of ESCRT-III subunit Snf7 or Vps4-Vta1 complex subunit Vps4, two representative subunits of the ESCRT complex, suppresses the delivery and degradation of Om45-GFP to vacuoles. Secondly, we show that the mitochondrial marker Om45 and mitophagy receptor Atg32 accumulate on autophagosomes marked with Atg8 (mitophagosomes, MPs) in ESCRT mutants. Moreover, the protease-protection assay indicates that Snf7 and Vps4 are involved in MP closure. Finally, Snf7 interacts with Atg11, which was detected by two ways, glutathione-S-transferase (GST) pulldown and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assay, and this BiFC interaction happens on mitochondrial reticulum. Therefore, we proposed that the ESCRT-III machinery mediates nitrogen starvation-induced macromitophagy by the interaction between Snf7 and Atg11 so that Snf7 is recruited to Atg32-marked MPs by the known Atg11-Atg32 interaction to seal them. These results reveal that the ESCRT-III complex plays a new role in yeast on macromitophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zulin Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haiqian Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Junze Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fan Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongheng Liang
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Abstract
Septins, a conserved family of GTP-binding proteins, are widely recognized as an essential cytoskeletal component, playing important roles in a variety of biological processes, including division, polarity, and membrane remodeling, in different eukaryotes. Although the roles played by septins were identified in the model organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae, their importance in other fungi, especially pathogenic fungi, have recently been determined. In this review, we summarize the functions of septins in pathogenic fungi in the cell cycle, autophagy, endocytosis and invasion host-microbe interactions that were reported in the last two years in the field of septin cell biology. These new discoveries may be expanded to investigate the functions of septin proteins in fungal pathogenesis and may be of wide interest to the readers of Microbiology and Molecular Pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xue-Ming Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhen-Zhu Su
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Maurizio Del Poeta
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA.,Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Northport, New York, USA
| | - Xiao-Hong Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fu-Cheng Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Romero EL, Morilla MJ. Preclinical autophagy modulatory nanomedicines: big challenges, slow advances. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2021; 18:1415-1434. [PMID: 34030559 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2021.1933428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Autophagy is a critical housekeeping pathway to remove toxic protein aggregates, damaged organelles, providing cells with bioenergetic substrates needed to survive under adverse conditions. Since altered autophagy is associated with diverse diseases, its pharmacological modulation is considered of therapeutic interest. Nanomedicines may reduce the toxicity and improve the activity of toxic autophagy modulatory drugs (amd). AREAS COVERED The status of the most relevant anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, and anti-infectious treatments mediated by autophagy modulatory nanomedicines (amN) published in the last 5 years is discussed. EXPERT OPINION Antitumor and anti-inflammatory treatments may be improved by administering amN for selective, massive, and targeted delivery of amd to diseased tissues. The use of amN as antimicrobial agent remains almost underexploited. Assessing the effect of amN on the complex autophagy machinery operating under different basal diseases, however, is not a trivial task. Besides structural reproducibility, nanomedicines must grant higher efficiency, and lower adverse effects than conventional medication. Simplicity of design, carefully chosen (scalable) preparation techniques, and rigorous monitoring of preclinical efficacy and nanotoxicity will improve the chances of clinical success. Currently, available data are not sufficient to envisage a fast-succeeding translation. Application of quality by design criteria would help to reach such milestones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eder Lilia Romero
- Department of Science and Technology, Nanomedicines Research and Development Center, Quilmes National University, Bernal, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria Jose Morilla
- Department of Science and Technology, Nanomedicines Research and Development Center, Quilmes National University, Bernal, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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