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Hussain K, Lim HD, Devkota SR, Kemp-Harper BK, Lane JR, Canals M, Pease JE, Stone MJ. The chemokine receptor CCR8 is not a high-affinity receptor for the human chemokine CCL18. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0305312. [PMID: 39259753 PMCID: PMC11389940 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The primate-specific chemokine CCL18 is a potent chemoattractant for T cells and is expressed at elevated levels in several inflammatory diseases. However, the cognate receptor for CCL18 remains unconfirmed. Here, we describe attempts to validate a previous report that the chemokine receptor CCR8 is the human CCL18 receptor (Islam et al. J Exp Med. 2013, 210:1889-98). Two mouse pre-B cell lines (4DE4 and L1.2) exogenously expressing CCR8 exhibited robust migration in response to the known CCR8 ligand CCL1 but not to CCL18. Similarly, CCL1 but not CCL18 induced internalization of CCR8 on 4DE4 cells. CCR8 expressed on Chinese hamster ovarian (CHO) cells mediated robust G protein activation, inhibition of cAMP synthesis and β-arrestin2 recruitment in response to CCL1 but not CCL18. Several N- and C-terminal variants of CCL18 also failed to stimulate CCR8 activation. On the other hand, and as previously reported, CCL18 inhibited CCL11-stimulated migration of 4DE4 cells expressing the receptor CCR3. These data suggest that CCR8, at least in the absence of unidentified cofactors, does not function as a high affinity receptor for CCL18.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khansa Hussain
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Herman D Lim
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Shankar Raj Devkota
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Barbara K Kemp-Harper
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - J Robert Lane
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Centre of Membrane Protein and Receptors, Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Meritxell Canals
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Centre of Membrane Protein and Receptors, Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - James E Pease
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Martin J Stone
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
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Aravind A, Mathew RT, Kuruba L, Vijayakumar M, Prasad TSK. Proteomic analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from OSCC patients reveals potential immune checkpoints to enable personalized treatment. Mol Omics 2024. [PMID: 39177064 DOI: 10.1039/d4mo00112e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most prevalent cancers worldwide, with high mortality and prevalence rates. OSCC is defined as an immunogenic tumor with the potential to be recognized and targeted by the immune system. It is characterized by the extensive infiltration of immune cells and plays a vital role in tumorigenesis. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) are a functional subset of immune cells readily accessible through minimally invasive procedures. The molecular characterization of immune cells aids in understanding their functional roles in various pathophysiological conditions. Proteomic analysis of PBMCs from cancer patients provides insight into the mechanism of immunoregulation and the role of immune cells in impeding tumor development and progression. Therefore, the present study investigated the immune cell proteome of a cancer control cohort within OSCC, leveraging data-independent acquisition analysis by mass spectrometry (DIA-MS). Among the differentially abundant proteins in OSCC, we identified promising molecular targets, including LMNB1, CTSB, CD14, CD177, and SPI1. Further exploration of the signaling pathways related to the candidate molecules demonstrated their involvement in cancer immunomodulation. Therefore, this study can serve as a platform for identifying new candidate proteins to further investigate their potential as immunotherapeutic targets and prognostic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjana Aravind
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka - 575018, India.
| | - Rohan Thomas Mathew
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Yenepoya Medical College, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka - 575018, India.
| | - Lepakshi Kuruba
- Department of Medical Oncology, Yenepoya Medical College, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka - 575018, India
| | - Manavalan Vijayakumar
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Yenepoya Medical College, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka - 575018, India.
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Guo H, Hu WC, Xian H, Shi YX, Liu YY, Ma SB, Pan KQ, Wu SX, Xu LY, Luo C, Xie RG. CCL2 Potentiates Inflammation Pain and Related Anxiety-Like Behavior Through NMDA Signaling in Anterior Cingulate Cortex. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:4976-4991. [PMID: 38157119 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03881-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that the C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) is widely expressed in the nervous system and involved in regulating the development of chronic pain and related anxiety-like behaviors, but its precise mechanism is still unclear. This paper provides an in-depth examination of the involvement of CCL2-CCR2 signaling in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) in intraplantar injection of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) leading to inflammatory pain and its concomitant anxiety-like behaviors by modulation of glutamatergic N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR). Our findings suggest that local bilateral injection of CCR2 antagonist in the ACC inhibits CFA-induced inflammatory pain and anxiety-like behavior. Meanwhile, the expression of CCR2 and CCL2 was significantly increased in ACC after 14 days of intraplantar injection of CFA, and CCR2 was mainly expressed in excitatory neurons. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings showed that the CCR2 inhibitor RS504393 reduced the frequency of miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSC) in ACC, and CCL2 was involved in the regulation of NMDAR-induced current in ACC neurons in the pathological state. In addition, local injection of the NR2B inhibitor of NMDAR subunits, Ro 25-6981, attenuated the effects of CCL2-induced hyperalgesia and anxiety-like behavior in the ACC. In summary, CCL2 acts on CCR2 in ACC excitatory neurons and participates in the regulation of CFA-induced pain and related anxiety-like behaviors through upregulation of NR2B. CCR2 in the ACC neuron may be a potential target for the treatment of chronic inflammatory pain and pain-related anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Guo
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Shantou University Medical College, No.22, Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041, China
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Wen-Chao Hu
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Hang Xian
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yun-Xin Shi
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
- School of Life Science & Research Center for Resource Peptide Drugs, Shaanxi Engineering & Technological Research Center for Conversation & Utilization of Regional Biological Resources, Yanan University, Yanan, 716000, China
| | - Yuan-Ying Liu
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
- School of Life Science & Research Center for Resource Peptide Drugs, Shaanxi Engineering & Technological Research Center for Conversation & Utilization of Regional Biological Resources, Yanan University, Yanan, 716000, China
| | - Sui-Bin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Kun-Qing Pan
- No.19 Cadet Regiment, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Sheng-Xi Wu
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Li-Yan Xu
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Shantou University Medical College, No.22, Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041, China.
| | - Ceng Luo
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Rou-Gang Xie
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
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Liu X, Ji JX, Pang AN, Li L, Nie P, Zhang LQ, Zeng KW, Chen SN. Molecular cloning and functional analyses of C-C motif chemokine ligand 3 (CCL3) in mandarin fish Siniperca chuatsi. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 149:109614. [PMID: 38710342 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Chemokines are critical molecules involved in immune reaction and immune system homeostasis, and some chemokines play a role in antiviral immunity. It is not known if the C-C motif chemokine ligand 3 (CCL3), a member of the CC chemokine family, possesses antiviral properties in fish. In this study, a ccl3 was cloned from the mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi), and it has an open reading frame (ORF) of 276 base pairs, which are predicted to encode a 91-amino acid peptide. Mandarin fish CCL3 revealed conserved sequence features with four cysteine residues and closely relationships with the CCL3s from other vertebrates based on the sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis. The transcripts of ccl3 were notably enriched in immune-related organs, such as spleen and gills in healthy mandarin fish, and the ccl3 was induced in the isolated mandarin fish brain (MFB) cells following infection with infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV). Moreover, in MFB cells, overexpression of CCL3 induced immune factors, such as IL1β, TNFα, MX, IRF1 and IFNh, and exhibited antiviral activity against ISKNV. This study sheds light on the immune role of CCL3 in immune response of mandarin fish, and its antiviral defense mechanism is of interest for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Liu
- Wuhan Fisheries Science Research Institute, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430070, China; College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430070, China
| | - Jia Xiang Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, and Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430072, China
| | - An Ning Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, and Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430072, China
| | - Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, and Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430072, China
| | - Pin Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, and Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430072, China
| | - Li Qiang Zhang
- Wuhan Fisheries Science Research Institute, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430070, China
| | - Ke Wei Zeng
- Wuhan Fisheries Science Research Institute, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430070, China; College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430070, China.
| | - Shan Nan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, and Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430072, China.
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Xia W, Eltrich N, Vielhauer V. The atypical chemokine receptor 2 reduces T cell expansion and tertiary lymphoid tissue but does not limit autoimmune organ injury in lupus-prone B6lpr mice. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1377913. [PMID: 38799420 PMCID: PMC11116673 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1377913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The atypical chemokine receptor 2 (ACKR2) is a chemokine scavenger receptor, which limits inflammation and organ damage in several experimental disease models including kidney diseases. However, potential roles of ACKR2 in reducing inflammation and tissue injury in autoimmune disorders like systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and lupus nephritis are unknown, as well as its effects on systemic autoimmunity. Methods To characterize functional roles of ACKR2 in SLE, genetic Ackr2 deficiency was introduced into lupus-prone C57BL/6lpr (Ackr2-/- B6lpr) mice. Results Upon inflammatory stimulation in vitro, secreted chemokine levels increased in Ackr2 deficient tubulointerstitial tissue but not glomeruli. Moreover, Ackr2 expression was induced in kidneys and lungs of female C57BL/6lpr mice developing SLE. However, female Ackr2-/- B6lpr mice at 28 weeks of age showed similar renal functional parameters as wildtype (WT)-B6lpr mice. Consistently, assessment of activity and chronicity indices for lupus nephritis revealed comparable renal injury. Interestingly, Ackr2-/- B6lpr mice showed significantly increased renal infiltrates of CD3+ T and B cells, but not neutrophils, macrophages or dendritic cells, with T cells predominantly accumulating in the tubulointerstitial compartment of Ackr2-/- B6lpr mice. In addition, histology demonstrated significantly increased peribronchial lung infiltrates of CD3+ T cells in Ackr2-/- B6lpr mice. Despite this, protein levels of pro-inflammatory chemokines and mRNA expression of inflammatory mediators were not different in kidneys and lungs of WT- and Ackr2-/- B6lpr mice. This data suggests compensatory mechanisms for sufficient chemokine clearance in Ackr2-deficient B6lpr mice in vivo. Analysis of systemic autoimmune responses revealed comparable levels of circulating lupus-associated autoantibodies and glomerular immunoglobulin deposition in the two genotypes. Interestingly, similar to kidney and lung CD4+ T cell numbers and activation were significantly increased in spleens of Ackr2-deficient B6lpr mice. In lymph nodes of Ackr2-/- B6lpr mice abundance of activated dendritic cells decreased, but CD4+ T cell numbers were comparable to WT. Moreover, increased plasma levels of CCL2 were present in Ackr2-/- B6lpr mice, which may facilitate T cell mobilization into spleens and peripheral organs. Discussion In summary, we show that ACKR2 prevents expansion of T cells and formation of tertiary lymphoid tissue, but is not essential to limit autoimmune tissue injury in lupus-prone B6lpr mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenkai Xia
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine IV, LMU University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Department of Nephrology, Jiangyin People’s Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Jiangyin, China
| | - Nuru Eltrich
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine IV, LMU University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Volker Vielhauer
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine IV, LMU University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
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Gygi JP, Maguire C, Patel RK, Shinde P, Konstorum A, Shannon CP, Xu L, Hoch A, Jayavelu ND, Haddad EK, Reed EF, Kraft M, McComsey GA, Metcalf JP, Ozonoff A, Esserman D, Cairns CB, Rouphael N, Bosinger SE, Kim-Schulze S, Krammer F, Rosen LB, van Bakel H, Wilson M, Eckalbar WL, Maecker HT, Langelier CR, Steen H, Altman MC, Montgomery RR, Levy O, Melamed E, Pulendran B, Diray-Arce J, Smolen KK, Fragiadakis GK, Becker PM, Sekaly RP, Ehrlich LI, Fourati S, Peters B, Kleinstein SH, Guan L. Integrated longitudinal multiomics study identifies immune programs associated with acute COVID-19 severity and mortality. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e176640. [PMID: 38690733 PMCID: PMC11060740 DOI: 10.1172/jci176640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDPatients hospitalized for COVID-19 exhibit diverse clinical outcomes, with outcomes for some individuals diverging over time even though their initial disease severity appears similar to that of other patients. A systematic evaluation of molecular and cellular profiles over the full disease course can link immune programs and their coordination with progression heterogeneity.METHODSWe performed deep immunophenotyping and conducted longitudinal multiomics modeling, integrating 10 assays for 1,152 Immunophenotyping Assessment in a COVID-19 Cohort (IMPACC) study participants and identifying several immune cascades that were significant drivers of differential clinical outcomes.RESULTSIncreasing disease severity was driven by a temporal pattern that began with the early upregulation of immunosuppressive metabolites and then elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines, signatures of coagulation, formation of neutrophil extracellular traps, and T cell functional dysregulation. A second immune cascade, predictive of 28-day mortality among critically ill patients, was characterized by reduced total plasma Igs and B cells and dysregulated IFN responsiveness. We demonstrated that the balance disruption between IFN-stimulated genes and IFN inhibitors is a crucial biomarker of COVID-19 mortality, potentially contributing to failure of viral clearance in patients with fatal illness.CONCLUSIONOur longitudinal multiomics profiling study revealed temporal coordination across diverse omics that potentially explain the disease progression, providing insights that can inform the targeted development of therapies for patients hospitalized with COVID-19, especially those who are critically ill.TRIAL REGISTRATIONClinicalTrials.gov NCT04378777.FUNDINGNIH (5R01AI135803-03, 5U19AI118608-04, 5U19AI128910-04, 4U19AI090023-11, 4U19AI118610-06, R01AI145835-01A1S1, 5U19AI062629-17, 5U19AI057229-17, 5U19AI125357-05, 5U19AI128913-03, 3U19AI077439-13, 5U54AI142766-03, 5R01AI104870-07, 3U19AI089992-09, 3U19AI128913-03, and 5T32DA018926-18); NIAID, NIH (3U19AI1289130, U19AI128913-04S1, and R01AI122220); and National Science Foundation (DMS2310836).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cole Maguire
- The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | | | - Pramod Shinde
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
| | | | - Casey P. Shannon
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Prevention of Organ Failure (PROOF) Centre of Excellence, Providence Research, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Leqi Xu
- Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Annmarie Hoch
- Clinical and Data Coordinating Center (CDCC) and
- Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Elias K. Haddad
- Drexel University, Tower Health Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - IMPACC Network
- The Immunophenotyping Assessment in a COVID-19 Cohort (IMPACC) Network is detailed in Supplemental Acknowledgments
| | - Elaine F. Reed
- David Geffen School of Medicine at the UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Monica Kraft
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Grace A. McComsey
- Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jordan P. Metcalf
- Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Al Ozonoff
- Clinical and Data Coordinating Center (CDCC) and
- Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Charles B. Cairns
- Drexel University, Tower Health Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | | | | | - Florian Krammer
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Ignaz Semmelweis Institute, Interuniversity Institute for Infection Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lindsey B. Rosen
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Harm van Bakel
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Hanno Steen
- Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | - Ofer Levy
- Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Bali Pulendran
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Joann Diray-Arce
- Clinical and Data Coordinating Center (CDCC) and
- Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kinga K. Smolen
- Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Patrice M. Becker
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Rafick P. Sekaly
- Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Slim Fourati
- Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Bjoern Peters
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
| | | | - Leying Guan
- Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Wei Q, An Y, Zhao X, Li M, Zhang J. Three-dimensional bioprinting of tissue-engineered skin: Biomaterials, fabrication techniques, challenging difficulties, and future directions: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 266:131281. [PMID: 38641503 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
As an emerging new manufacturing technology, Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting provides the potential for the biomimetic construction of multifaceted and intricate architectures of functional integument, particularly functional biomimetic dermal structures inclusive of cutaneous appendages. Although the tissue-engineered skin with complete biological activity and physiological functions is still cannot be manufactured, it is believed that with the advances in matrix materials, molding process, and biotechnology, a new generation of physiologically active skin will be born in the future. In pursuit of furnishing readers and researchers involved in relevant research to have a systematic and comprehensive understanding of 3D printed tissue-engineered skin, this paper furnishes an exegesis on the prevailing research landscape, formidable obstacles, and forthcoming trajectories within the sphere of tissue-engineered skin, including: (1) the prevalent biomaterials (collagen, chitosan, agarose, alginate, etc.) routinely employed in tissue-engineered skin, and a discerning analysis and comparison of their respective merits, demerits, and inherent characteristics; (2) the underlying principles and distinguishing attributes of various current printing methodologies utilized in tissue-engineered skin fabrication; (3) the present research status and progression in the realm of tissue-engineered biomimetic skin; (4) meticulous scrutiny and summation of the extant research underpinning tissue-engineered skin inform the identification of prevailing challenges and issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Wei
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China; Innovation Center NPU Chongqing, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Chongqing 400000, China.
| | - Yalong An
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Xudong Zhao
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Mingyang Li
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
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8
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Chen RJ, Nabila A, Gal Toth J, Stuhlmann H, Toth M. The chemokine XCL1 functions as a pregnancy hormone to program offspring innate anxiety. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 118:178-189. [PMID: 38428650 PMCID: PMC11044916 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Elevated levels of cytokines in maternal circulation increase the offspring's risk for neuropsychiatric disease. Because of their low homeostatic levels, circulating maternal cytokines during normal pregnancies have not been considered to play a role in fetal brain development and offspring behavior. Here we report that the T/NK cell chemotactic cytokine XCL1, a local paracrine immune signal, can function as a pregnancy hormone and is required for the proper development of placenta and male offspring approach-avoidance behavior. We found that circulating XCL1 levels were at a low pregestational level throughout pregnancy except for a midgestational rise and fall. Blunted elevation in maternal plasma XCL1 in dams with a genetic 5HT1A receptor deficit or following neutralization by anti-XCL1 antibodies increased the expression of tissue damage associated factors in WT fetal placenta and led to increased innate anxiety and stress reactivity in the WT male offspring. Therefore, chemokines like XCL1 may act as pregnancy hormones to regulate placenta development and offspring emotional behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa J Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Anika Nabila
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Judit Gal Toth
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Heidi Stuhlmann
- Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Miklos Toth
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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9
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Mizejewski GJ. The Role of Ion Channels and Chemokines in Cancer Growth and Metastasis: A Proposed Mode of Action Using Peptides in Cancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1531. [PMID: 38672613 PMCID: PMC11048196 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16081531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Metastasis (Met) largely contributes to the major cause of cancer deaths throughout the world, rather than the growth of the tumor mass itself. The present report brings together several of the pertinent contributors to cancer growth and metastatic processes from an activity standpoint. Such biological activities include the following: (1) cell adherence and detachment; (2) cell-to-cell contact; (3) contact inhibition; (4) the cell interfacing with the extracellular matrix (ECM); (5) tumor cell-to-stroma communication networks; (6) chemotaxis; and (7) cell membrane potential. Moreover, additional biochemical factors that contribute to cancer growth and metastasis have been shown to comprise the following: (a) calcium levels in the extracellular matrix and in intracellular compartments; (b) cation voltage and ATP-regulated potassium channels; (c) selective and non-selective cation channels; and (d) chemokines (cytokines) and their receptors, such as CXCL12 (SDF-1) and its receptor/binding partner, CXCR4. These latter molecular components represent a promising group of an interacting and synchronized set of candidates ideal for peptide therapeutic targeting for cancer growth and metastasis. Such peptides can be obtained from naturally occurring proteins such as alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), an onco-fetal protein and clinical biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald J. Mizejewski
- Division of Translational Medicine, Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, Albany, NY 12201, USA; ; Tel.: +518-486-5900; Fax: +518-402-5002
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Empire State Plaza, Albany, NY 12201, USA
- Biggs Laboratory, Empire State Plaza, Albany, NY 12237, USA
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10
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Zhang L, Miao C, Wang Z, Guan X, Ma Y, Song J, Shen S, Song H, Li M, Liu C. Preparation and characterisation of baicalin magnesium and its protective effect in ulcerative colitis via gut microbiota-bile acid axis modulation. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 126:155416. [PMID: 38394726 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi is a well-known herb in traditional Chinese medicine that is frequently prescribed for various gastrointestinal conditions, including ulcerative colitis (UC). Its primary active constituent, baicalin, has poorly water solubility that reduces its efficacy. PURPOSE To enhance the aqueous solubility of baicalin by optimising its extraction process. We compared the modulatory effects of isolated water-soluble baicalin and water-insoluble baicalin on UC, and delved deeper into the potential mechanisms of water-soluble baicalin. METHODS We successfully extracted a more hydrophilic baicalin directly from an aqueous S. baicalensis Georgi extract through the process of recrystallisation following alcoholic precipitation of the aqueous extract obtained from S. baicalensis Georgi, eliminating the need for acid additives. This specific form of baicalin was conclusively identified by UV, IR, atomic absorption spectroscopy, elemental analysis, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and ESI-HRMS. We subsequently compared the regulatory effects of baicalin on UC before and after optimisation, employing 16S rDNA sequencing, bile acid-targeted metabolomics, and transcriptome analysis to elucidate the potential mechanism of water-soluble baicalin; and the key genes and proteins implicated in this mechanism were verified through RT-PCR and western blotting. RESULTS A new form of baicalin present in the aqueous solution of S. baicalensis Georgi was isolated, and its structural characterisation showed that it was bound to magnesium ions (baicalin magnesium) and exhibited favorable water solubility. Baicalin magnesium offers enhanced therapeutic benefits over baicalin for UC treatment, which alleviated the inflammatory response and oxidative stress levels while improving intestinal mucosal damage. Further investigation of the mechanism revealed that baicalin magnesium could effectively regulate bile acid metabolism and maintain intestinal microecological balance in UC mice, and suppress the activation of the nuclear factor-kappa B and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α signalling pathways, thereby playing a therapeutic role. CONCLUSIONS Baicalin magnesium has good water solubility, which solves the bottleneck problem of water insolubility in the practical applications of baicalin. Moreover, baicalin magnesium exhibits therapeutic potential for UC significantly better than baicalin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development for Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei 067000, PR China
| | - Ceyu Miao
- Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development for Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei 067000, PR China
| | - Zhixuan Wang
- Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development for Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei 067000, PR China
| | - Xiulu Guan
- Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development for Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei 067000, PR China
| | - Yechao Ma
- Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development for Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei 067000, PR China
| | - Jingyu Song
- Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development for Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei 067000, PR China
| | - Shiyuan Shen
- Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development for Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei 067000, PR China
| | - Hongru Song
- Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, PR China
| | - Mingqian Li
- Cancer Institute of Integrated Tradition Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012, PR China.
| | - Cuizhe Liu
- Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development for Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei 067000, PR China.
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11
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Aleotti A, Goulty M, Lewis C, Giorgini F, Feuda R. The origin, evolution, and molecular diversity of the chemokine system. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202302471. [PMID: 38228369 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Chemokine signalling performs key functions in cell migration via chemoattraction, such as attracting leukocytes to the site of infection during host defence. The system consists of a ligand, the chemokine, usually secreted outside the cell, and a chemokine receptor on the surface of a target cell that recognises the ligand. Several noncanonical components interact with the system. These include a variety of molecules that usually share some degree of sequence similarity with canonical components and, in some cases, are known to bind to canonical components and/or to modulate cell migration. Whereas canonical components have been described in vertebrate lineages, the distribution of the noncanonical components is less clear. Uncertainty over the relationships between canonical and noncanonical components hampers our understanding of the evolution of the system. We used phylogenetic methods, including gene-tree to species-tree reconciliation, to untangle the relationships between canonical and noncanonical components, identify gene duplication events, and clarify the origin of the system. We found that unrelated ligand groups independently evolved chemokine-like functions. We found noncanonical ligands outside vertebrates, such as TAFA "chemokines" found in urochordates. In contrast, all receptor groups are vertebrate-specific and all-except ACKR1-originated from a common ancestor in early vertebrates. Both ligand and receptor copy numbers expanded through gene duplication events at the base of jawed vertebrates, with subsequent waves of innovation occurring in bony fish and mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Aleotti
- https://ror.org/04h699437 Neurogenetics Group, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- https://ror.org/04h699437 Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Matthew Goulty
- https://ror.org/04h699437 Neurogenetics Group, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- https://ror.org/04h699437 Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Clifton Lewis
- https://ror.org/04h699437 Neurogenetics Group, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- https://ror.org/04h699437 Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Flaviano Giorgini
- https://ror.org/04h699437 Neurogenetics Group, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- https://ror.org/04h699437 Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Roberto Feuda
- https://ror.org/04h699437 Neurogenetics Group, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- https://ror.org/04h699437 Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
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12
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Luan X, Lei T, Fang J, Liu X, Fu H, Li Y, Chu W, Jiang P, Tong C, Qi H, Fu Y. Blockade of C5a receptor unleashes tumor-associated macrophage antitumor response and enhances CXCL9-dependent CD8 + T cell activity. Mol Ther 2024; 32:469-489. [PMID: 38098230 PMCID: PMC10861991 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2023.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages play a crucial role in shaping the immune state within the tumor microenvironment (TME) and are often influenced by tumors to hinder antitumor immunity. However, the underlying mechanisms are still elusive. Here, we observed abnormal expression of complement 5a receptor (C5aR) in human ovarian cancer (OC), and identified high levels of C5aR expression on tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), which led to the polarization of TAMs toward an immunosuppressive phenotype. C5aR knockout or inhibitor treatment restored TAM antitumor response and attenuated tumor progression. Mechanistically, C5aR deficiency reprogrammed macrophages from a protumor state to an antitumor state, associating with the upregulation of immune response and stimulation pathways, which in turn resulted in the enhanced antitumor response of cytotoxic T cells in a manner dependent on chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 9 (CXCL9). The pharmacological inhibition of C5aR also improved the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade therapy. In patients, C5aR expression associated with CXCL9 production and infiltration of CD8+ T cells, and a high C5aR level predicted poor clinical outcomes and worse benefits from anti-PD-1 therapy. Thus, our study sheds light on the mechanisms underlying the modulation of TAM antitumor immune response by the C5a-C5aR axis and highlights the potential of targeting C5aR for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojin Luan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Ting Lei
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jie Fang
- Department of Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xue Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Department of Obstetrics, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Huijia Fu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yiran Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Wei Chu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Peng Jiang
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Chao Tong
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Hongbo Qi
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China.
| | - Yong Fu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
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13
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Dillemans L, Yu K, De Zutter A, Noppen S, Gouwy M, Berghmans N, Verhallen L, De Bondt M, Vanbrabant L, Brusselmans S, Martens E, Schols D, Verschueren P, Rosenkilde MM, Marques PE, Struyf S, Proost P. Natural carboxyterminal truncation of human CXCL10 attenuates glycosaminoglycan binding, CXCR3A signaling and lymphocyte chemotaxis, while retaining angiostatic activity. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:94. [PMID: 38308278 PMCID: PMC10835923 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01453-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interferon-γ-inducible protein of 10 kDa (IP-10/CXCL10) is a dual-function CXC chemokine that coordinates chemotaxis of activated T cells and natural killer (NK) cells via interaction with its G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), CXC chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3). As a consequence of natural posttranslational modifications, human CXCL10 exhibits a high degree of structural and functional heterogeneity. However, the biological effect of natural posttranslational processing of CXCL10 at the carboxy (C)-terminus has remained partially elusive. We studied CXCL10(1-73), lacking the four endmost C-terminal amino acids, which was previously identified in supernatant of cultured human fibroblasts and keratinocytes. METHODS Relative levels of CXCL10(1-73) and intact CXCL10(1-77) were determined in synovial fluids of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) through tandem mass spectrometry. The production of CXCL10(1-73) was optimized through Fmoc-based solid phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) and a strategy to efficiently generate human CXCL10 proteoforms was introduced. CXCL10(1-73) was compared to intact CXCL10(1-77) using surface plasmon resonance for glycosaminoglycan (GAG) binding affinity, assays for cell migration, second messenger signaling downstream of CXCR3, and flow cytometry of CHO cells and primary human T lymphocytes and endothelial cells. Leukocyte recruitment in vivo upon intraperitoneal injection of CXCL10(1-73) was also evaluated. RESULTS Natural CXCL10(1-73) was more abundantly present compared to intact CXCL10(1-77) in synovial fluids of patients with RA. CXCL10(1-73) had diminished affinity for GAG including heparin, heparan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate A. Moreover, CXCL10(1-73) exhibited an attenuated capacity to induce CXCR3A-mediated signaling, as evidenced in calcium mobilization assays and through quantification of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2 (ERK1/2) and protein kinase B/Akt. Furthermore, CXCL10(1-73) incited significantly less primary human T lymphocyte chemotaxis in vitro and peritoneal ingress of CXCR3+ T lymphocytes in mice. In contrast, loss of the four endmost C-terminal residues did not affect the inhibitory properties of CXCL10 on migration, proliferation, wound closure, phosphorylation of ERK1/2, and sprouting of human microvascular endothelial cells. CONCLUSION Our study shows that the C-terminal residues Lys74-Pro77 of CXCL10 are important for GAG binding, signaling through CXCR3A, T lymphocyte chemotaxis, but dispensable for angiostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luna Dillemans
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Karen Yu
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Alexandra De Zutter
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sam Noppen
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 Box 1042, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mieke Gouwy
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nele Berghmans
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lisa Verhallen
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mirre De Bondt
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lotte Vanbrabant
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stef Brusselmans
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Erik Martens
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dominique Schols
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 Box 1042, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrick Verschueren
- Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mette M Rosenkilde
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pedro Elias Marques
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sofie Struyf
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paul Proost
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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Zhang Y, Jin Y, Li J, Yan Y, Wang T, Wang X, Li Z, Qin X. CXCL14 as a Key Regulator of Neuronal Development: Insights from Its Receptor and Multi-Omics Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1651. [PMID: 38338930 PMCID: PMC10855946 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
CXCL14 is not only involved in the immune process but is also closely related to neurodevelopment according to its molecular evolution. However, what role it plays in neurodevelopment remains unclear. In the present research, we found that, by crossbreeding CXCL14+/- and CXCL14-/- mice, the number of CXCL14-/- mice in their offspring was lower than the Mendelian frequency; CXCL14-/- mice had significantly fewer neurons in the external pyramidal layer of cortex than CXCL14+/- mice; and CXCL14 may be involved in synaptic plasticity, neuron projection, and chemical synaptic transmission based on analysis of human clinical transcriptome data. The expression of CXCL14 was highest at day 14.5 in the embryonic phase and after birth in the mRNA and protein levels. Therefore, we hypothesized that CXCL14 promotes the development of neurons in the somatic layer of the pyramidal cells of mice cortex on embryonic day 14.5. In order to further explore its mechanism, CXCR4 and CXCR7 were suggested as receptors by Membrane-Anchored Ligand and Receptor Yeast Two-Hybrid technology. Through metabolomic techniques, we inferred that CXCL14 promotes the development of neurons by regulating fatty acid anabolism and glycerophospholipid anabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinjie Zhang
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan 030006, China (T.W.)
| | - Yue Jin
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan 030006, China (T.W.)
| | - Jingjing Li
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yan Yan
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan 030006, China (T.W.)
| | - Ting Wang
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan 030006, China (T.W.)
| | - Xuanlin Wang
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan 030006, China (T.W.)
| | - Zhenyu Li
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan 030006, China (T.W.)
| | - Xuemei Qin
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan 030006, China (T.W.)
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15
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Wolszczak-Biedrzycka B, Dorf J, Wojewódzka-Żelezniakowicz M, Żendzian-Piotrowska M, Dymicka-Piekarska V, Matowicka-Karna J, Maciejczyk M. Changes in chemokine and growth factor levels may be useful biomarkers for monitoring disease severity in COVID-19 patients; a pilot study. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1320362. [PMID: 38239363 PMCID: PMC10794366 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1320362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim The aim of the present study was to assess differences in the serum levels of chemokines and growth factors (GFs) between COVID-19 patients and healthy controls. The diagnostic utility of the analyzed proteins for monitoring the severity of the SARS-CoV- 2 infection based on the patients' MEWS scores was also assessed. Materials and methods The serum levels of chemokines and growth factors were analyzed in hospitalized COVID-19 patients (50 women, 50 men) with the use of the Bio-Plex Pro™ Human Cytokine Screening Panel (Biorad) and the Bio-Plex Multiplex system. Results The study demonstrated that serum levels of MIP-1α, RANTES, Eotaxin, CTACK, GRO-α, IP-10, MIG, basic-FGF, HGF, SCGF-β, G-CSF, M-CSF, SCF, MIF, LIF, and TRAIL were significant higher in COVID-19 patients than in the control group. The concentrations of CTACK, GRO-α, IP-10, MIG, basic-FGF, HGF, PDGF- BB, GM-CSF, SCF, LIF, and TRAIL were higher in asymptomatic/mildly symptomatic COVID-19 patients (stage 1) and COVID-19 patients with pneumonia without respiratory failure (stage 2). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis revealed that IP-10, MIF, MIG, and basic-FGF differentiated patients with COVID-19 from healthy controls with the highest sensitivity and specificity, whereas GM-CSF, basic-FGF, and MIG differentiated asymptomatic/mildly symptomatic COVID-19 patients (stage 1) from COVID-19 patients with pneumonia without respiratory failure (stage 2) with the highest sensitivity and specificity. Conclusions MIG, basic-FGF, and GM-CSF can be useful biomarkers for monitoring disease severity in patients with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanka Wolszczak-Biedrzycka
- Department of Psychology and Sociology of Health and Public Health, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Justyna Dorf
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | | | | | | | - Joanna Matowicka-Karna
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Mateusz Maciejczyk
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Ergonomics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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Sammari H, Jedidi S, Selmi H, Jridi M, Ayari A, Sebai H. Phytochemical Properties of Crataegus azarolus Berries Decoction Extract and Evaluation of its Protective Activity Against Acetic Acid-Induced Ulcerative Colitis in Rats. Dose Response 2024; 22:15593258241226890. [PMID: 38223297 PMCID: PMC10785741 DOI: 10.1177/15593258241226890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The present study aims to evaluate the protective effect of Crataegus azarolus berries decoction extract (CAB-DE) against acetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis as well as the mechanisms implicated in such protection. Adult male Wistar rats were separated into seven groups: Control (H2O), acetic acid (AA), AA + various doses of CAB-DE (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg, b.w.,p.o.), and AA + sulfasalazine (100 mg/kg, b.w.,p.o.) or gallic acid (50 mg/kg, b.w.,p.o.) during 10 days. All rats were kept fasting overnight and ulcerative colitis was induced by rectal infusion of AA (300 mg kg-1, b.w.) (3%, v/v, 5 mL kg-1 b.w), for 30 s. The colon was rapidly excised and macroscopically examined to measure ulcerated surfaces and the ulcer index. In vitro, we found that CAB-DE exhibited a high antioxidant activity against DPPH radical (IC50 = 164.17 ± 4.78 μg/mL). In vivo, pretreatment with CAB-DE significantly protected the colonic mucosa against AA-induced damage by stimulating mucus secretion, reducing ulcer index as well as histopathological changes. Also, CAB-DE limited the oxidative status induced by AA in the colonic mucosa, as assessed by MDA and H2O2 increased levels and the depletion of both enzymatic activities and non-enzymatic levels. In addition, AA intoxication increased iron and calcium levels in colonic mucosa and plasma, while CAB-DE pretreatment regulated all intracellular mediators deregulation and significantly reduced inflammatory markers such as CRP (1.175 ± .04 ─ .734 ± .06 μg/dl) and ALP (161.53 ± 5.02 ─ 98.60 ± 4.21 UI/L) levels. We suggest that CAB-DE protected against AA-induced ulcerative colitis due in part to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houcem Sammari
- Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Beja, Université de Jendouba, Beja, Tunisie
- Université de Jendouba, Institut Sylvo-Pastoral de Tabarka, Tabarka, Tunisie
| | - Saber Jedidi
- Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Beja, Université de Jendouba, Beja, Tunisie
- Université de Jendouba, Institut Sylvo-Pastoral de Tabarka, Tabarka, Tunisie
| | - Houcine Selmi
- Université de Jendouba, Institut Sylvo-Pastoral de Tabarka, Tabarka, Tunisie
| | - Mourad Jridi
- Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Beja, Université de Jendouba, Beja, Tunisie
| | - Ala Ayari
- Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Beja, Université de Jendouba, Beja, Tunisie
| | - Hichem Sebai
- Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Beja, Université de Jendouba, Beja, Tunisie
- Ecole Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire de Sidi Thabet, Université de la Manouba, Manouba, Tunisie
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17
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Xia S, Qin X, Wang J, Ren H. Advancements in the pathogenesis of hepatic osteodystrophy and the potential therapeutic of mesenchymal stromal cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:359. [PMID: 38087318 PMCID: PMC10717286 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03605-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic osteodystrophy (HOD) is a metabolically associated bone disease mainly manifested as osteoporosis with the characteristic of bone loss induced by chronic liver disease (CLD). Due to its high incidence in CLD patients and increased risk of fracture, the research on HOD has received considerable interest. The specific pathogenesis of HOD has not been fully revealed. While it is widely believed that disturbance of hormone level, abnormal secretion of cytokines and damage of intestinal barrier caused by CLD might jointly affect the bone metabolic balance of bone formation and bone absorption. At present, the treatment of HOD is mainly to alleviate the bone loss by drug treatment, but the efficacy and safety are not satisfactory. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are cells with multidirectional differentiation potential, cell transplantation therapy based on MSCs is an emerging therapeutic approach. This review mainly summarized the pathogenesis and treatment of HOD, reviewed the research progress of MSCs therapy and the combination of MSCs and scaffolds in the application of osteoporotic bone defects, and discussed the potential and limitations of MSCs therapy, providing theoretical basis for subsequent studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senzhe Xia
- Department of Oncological Surgery, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Xueqian Qin
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Transplantation Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Jinglin Wang
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Transplantation Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Jiangsu University, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China.
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Transplantation Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China.
| | - Haozhen Ren
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Transplantation Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Jiangsu University, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China.
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Transplantation Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China.
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18
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Gygi JP, Maguire C, Patel RK, Shinde P, Konstorum A, Shannon CP, Xu L, Hoch A, Jayavelu ND, Network I, Haddad EK, Reed EF, Kraft M, McComsey GA, Metcalf J, Ozonoff A, Esserman D, Cairns CB, Rouphael N, Bosinger SE, Kim-Schulze S, Krammer F, Rosen LB, van Bakel H, Wilson M, Eckalbar W, Maecker H, Langelier CR, Steen H, Altman MC, Montgomery RR, Levy O, Melamed E, Pulendran B, Diray-Arce J, Smolen KK, Fragiadakis GK, Becker PM, Augustine AD, Sekaly RP, Ehrlich LIR, Fourati S, Peters B, Kleinstein SH, Guan L. Integrated longitudinal multi-omics study identifies immune programs associated with COVID-19 severity and mortality in 1152 hospitalized participants. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.03.565292. [PMID: 37986828 PMCID: PMC10659275 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.03.565292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Hospitalized COVID-19 patients exhibit diverse clinical outcomes, with some individuals diverging over time even though their initial disease severity appears similar. A systematic evaluation of molecular and cellular profiles over the full disease course can link immune programs and their coordination with progression heterogeneity. In this study, we carried out deep immunophenotyping and conducted longitudinal multi-omics modeling integrating ten distinct assays on a total of 1,152 IMPACC participants and identified several immune cascades that were significant drivers of differential clinical outcomes. Increasing disease severity was driven by a temporal pattern that began with the early upregulation of immunosuppressive metabolites and then elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines, signatures of coagulation, NETosis, and T-cell functional dysregulation. A second immune cascade, predictive of 28-day mortality among critically ill patients, was characterized by reduced total plasma immunoglobulins and B cells, as well as dysregulated IFN responsiveness. We demonstrated that the balance disruption between IFN-stimulated genes and IFN inhibitors is a crucial biomarker of COVID-19 mortality, potentially contributing to the failure of viral clearance in patients with fatal illness. Our longitudinal multi-omics profiling study revealed novel temporal coordination across diverse omics that potentially explain disease progression, providing insights that inform the targeted development of therapies for hospitalized COVID-19 patients, especially those critically ill.
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19
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Hirani DV, Thielen F, Mansouri S, Danopoulos S, Vohlen C, Haznedar-Karakaya P, Mohr J, Wilke R, Selle J, Grosch T, Mizik I, Odenthal M, Alvira CM, Kuiper-Makris C, Pryhuber GS, Pallasch C, van Koningsbruggen-Rietschel S, Al-Alam D, Seeger W, Savai R, Dötsch J, Alejandre Alcazar MA. CXCL10 deficiency limits macrophage infiltration, preserves lung matrix, and enables lung growth in bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Inflamm Regen 2023; 43:52. [PMID: 37876024 PMCID: PMC10594718 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-023-00301-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Preterm infants with oxygen supplementation are at high risk for bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), a neonatal chronic lung disease. Inflammation with macrophage activation is central to the pathogenesis of BPD. CXCL10, a chemotactic and pro-inflammatory chemokine, is elevated in the lungs of infants evolving BPD and in hyperoxia-based BPD in mice. Here, we tested if CXCL10 deficiency preserves lung growth after neonatal hyperoxia by preventing macrophage activation. To this end, we exposed Cxcl10 knockout (Cxcl10-/-) and wild-type mice to an experimental model of hyperoxia (85% O2)-induced neonatal lung injury and subsequent regeneration. In addition, cultured primary human macrophages and murine macrophages (J744A.1) were treated with CXCL10 and/or CXCR3 antagonist. Our transcriptomic analysis identified CXCL10 as a central hub in the inflammatory network of neonatal mouse lungs after hyperoxia. Quantitative histomorphometric analysis revealed that Cxcl10-/- mice are in part protected from reduced alveolar. These findings were related to the preserved spatial distribution of elastic fibers, reduced collagen deposition, and protection from macrophage recruitment/infiltration to the lungs in Cxcl10-/- mice during acute injury and regeneration. Complimentary, studies with cultured human and murine macrophages showed that hyperoxia induces Cxcl10 expression that in turn triggers M1-like activation and migration of macrophages through CXCR3. Finally, we demonstrated a temporal increase of macrophage-related CXCL10 in the lungs of infants with BPD. In conclusion, our data demonstrate macrophage-derived CXCL10 in experimental and clinical BPD that drives macrophage chemotaxis through CXCR3, causing pro-fibrotic lung remodeling and arrest of alveolarization. Thus, targeting the CXCL10-CXCR3 axis could offer a new therapeutic avenue for BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharmesh V Hirani
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Translational Experimental Pediatrics, Experimental Pulmonology, University Hospital Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, Cologne, 50937, Germany
- Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Institute for Lung Health (ILH) and Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Gießen, Germany
| | - Florian Thielen
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Translational Experimental Pediatrics, Experimental Pulmonology, University Hospital Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, Cologne, 50937, Germany
| | - Siavash Mansouri
- Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Soula Danopoulos
- Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Christina Vohlen
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Translational Experimental Pediatrics, Experimental Pulmonology, University Hospital Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, Cologne, 50937, Germany
- Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Institute for Lung Health (ILH) and Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Gießen, Germany
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, and University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Pinar Haznedar-Karakaya
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Translational Experimental Pediatrics, Experimental Pulmonology, University Hospital Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, Cologne, 50937, Germany
| | - Jasmine Mohr
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Translational Experimental Pediatrics, Experimental Pulmonology, University Hospital Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, Cologne, 50937, Germany
| | - Rebecca Wilke
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Translational Experimental Pediatrics, Experimental Pulmonology, University Hospital Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, Cologne, 50937, Germany
| | - Jaco Selle
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Translational Experimental Pediatrics, Experimental Pulmonology, University Hospital Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, Cologne, 50937, Germany
| | - Thomas Grosch
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Translational Experimental Pediatrics, Experimental Pulmonology, University Hospital Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, Cologne, 50937, Germany
| | - Ivana Mizik
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Translational Experimental Pediatrics, Experimental Pulmonology, University Hospital Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, Cologne, 50937, Germany
| | - Margarete Odenthal
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University Hospital Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, and University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Institute for Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, and University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Cristina M Alvira
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Celien Kuiper-Makris
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Translational Experimental Pediatrics, Experimental Pulmonology, University Hospital Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, Cologne, 50937, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University Hospital Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, and University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Gloria S Pryhuber
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Christian Pallasch
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO) Köln-Bonn, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - S van Koningsbruggen-Rietschel
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, and University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Denise Al-Alam
- Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Werner Seeger
- Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Institute for Lung Health (ILH) and Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Gießen, Germany
- Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Rajkumar Savai
- Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Institute for Lung Health (ILH) and Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Gießen, Germany
- Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Jörg Dötsch
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, and University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Miguel A Alejandre Alcazar
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Translational Experimental Pediatrics, Experimental Pulmonology, University Hospital Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, Cologne, 50937, Germany.
- Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Institute for Lung Health (ILH) and Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Gießen, Germany.
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University Hospital Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, and University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
- Cologne Excellence Cluster On Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
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20
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Duan H, Wang L, Huangfu M, Li H. The impact of microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids on macrophage activities in disease: Mechanisms and therapeutic potentials. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115276. [PMID: 37542852 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) derived from the fermentation of carbohydrates by gut microbiota play a crucial role in regulating host physiology. Among them, acetate, propionate, and butyrate are key players in various biological processes. Recent research has revealed their significant functions in immune and inflammatory responses. For instance, butyrate reduces the development of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) generating cells while promoting the development of regulatory T (Treg) cells. Propionate inhibits the initiation of a Th2 immune response by dendritic cells (DCs). Notably, SCFAs have an inhibitory impact on the polarization of M2 macrophages, emphasizing their immunomodulatory properties and potential for therapeutics. In animal models of asthma, both butyrate and propionate suppress the M2 polarization pathway, thus reducing allergic airway inflammation. Moreover, dysbiosis of gut microbiota leading to altered SCFA production has been implicated in prostate cancer progression. SCFAs trigger autophagy in cancer cells and promote M2 polarization in macrophages, accelerating tumor advancement. Manipulating microbiota- producing SCFAs holds promise for cancer treatment. Additionally, SCFAs enhance the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) by blocking histone deacetylase, resulting in increased production of antibacterial effectors and improved macrophage-mediated elimination of microorganisms. This highlights the antimicrobial potential of SCFAs and their role in host defense mechanisms. This comprehensive review provides an in-depth analysis of the latest research on the functional aspects and underlying mechanisms of SCFAs in relation to macrophage activities in a wide range of diseases, including infectious diseases and cancers. By elucidating the intricate interplay between SCFAs and macrophage functions, this review aims to contribute to the understanding of their therapeutic potential and pave the way for future interventions targeting SCFAs in disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Duan
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
| | - LiJuan Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China.
| | - Mingmei Huangfu
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Hanyang Li
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
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21
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Pawlik K, Mika J. Targeting Members of the Chemokine Family as a Novel Approach to Treating Neuropathic Pain. Molecules 2023; 28:5766. [PMID: 37570736 PMCID: PMC10421203 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is a debilitating condition that affects millions of people worldwide. Numerous studies indicate that this type of pain is a chronic condition with a complex mechanism that tends to worsen over time, leading to a significant deterioration in patients' quality of life and issues like depression, disability, and disturbed sleep. Presently used analgesics are not effective enough in neuropathy treatment and may cause many side effects due to the high doses needed. In recent years, many researchers have pointed to the important role of chemokines not only in the development and maintenance of neuropathy but also in the effectiveness of analgesic drugs. Currently, approximately 50 chemokines are known to act through 20 different seven-transmembrane G-protein-coupled receptors located on the surface of neuronal, glial, and immune cells. Data from recent years clearly indicate that more chemokines than initially thought (CCL1/2/3/5/7/8/9/11, CXCL3/9/10/12/13/14/17; XCL1, CX3CL1) have pronociceptive properties; therefore, blocking their action by using neutralizing antibodies, inhibiting their synthesis, or blocking their receptors brings neuropathic pain relief. Several of them (CCL1/2/3/7/9/XCL1) have been shown to be able to reduce opioid drug effectiveness in neuropathy, and neutralizing antibodies against them can restore morphine and/or buprenorphine analgesia. The latest research provides irrefutable evidence that chemokine receptors are promising targets for pharmacotherapy; chemokine receptor antagonists can relieve pain of different etiologies, and most of them are able to enhance opioid analgesia, for example, the blockade of CCR1 (J113863), CCR2 (RS504393), CCR3 (SB328437), CCR4 (C021), CCR5 (maraviroc/AZD5672/TAK-220), CXCR2 (NVPCXCR220/SB225002), CXCR3 (NBI-74330/AMG487), CXCR4 (AMD3100/AMD3465), and XCR1 (vMIP-II). Recent research has shown that multitarget antagonists of chemokine receptors, such as CCR2/5 (cenicriviroc), CXCR1/2 (reparixin), and CCR2/CCR5/CCR8 (RAP-103), are also very effective painkillers. A multidirectional strategy based on the modulation of neuronal-glial-immune interactions by changing the activity of the chemokine family can significantly improve the quality of life of patients suffering from neuropathic pain. However, members of the chemokine family are still underestimated pharmacological targets for pain treatment. In this article, we review the literature and provide new insights into the role of chemokines and their receptors in neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joanna Mika
- Department of Pain Pharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smetna Str., 31-343 Cracow, Poland;
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22
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Lu J, Li H, Zhang Z, Xu R, Wang J, Jin H. Platelet-rich plasma in the pathologic processes of tendinopathy: a review of basic science studies. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1187974. [PMID: 37545895 PMCID: PMC10401606 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1187974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Tendinopathy is a medical condition that includes a spectrum of inflammatory and degenerative tendon changes caused by traumatic or overuse injuries. The pathological mechanism of tendinopathy has not been well defined, and no ideal treatment is currently available. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is an autologous whole blood derivative containing a variety of cytokines and other protein components. Various basic studies have found that PRP has the therapeutic potential to promote cell proliferation and differentiation, regulate angiogenesis, increase extracellular matrix synthesis, and modulate inflammation in degenerative tendons. Therefore, PRP has been widely used as a promising therapeutic agent for tendinopathy. However, controversies exist over the optimal treatment regimen and efficacy of PRP for tendinopathy. This review focuses on the specific molecular and cellular mechanisms by which PRP manipulates tendon healing to better understand how PRP affects tendinopathy and explore the reason for the differences in clinical trial outcomes. This article has also pointed out the future direction of basic research and clinical application of PRP in the treatment of tendinopathy, which will play a guiding role in the design of PRP treatment protocols for tendinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Lu
- Department of Pain, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Norman Bethune Health Science Center of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Han Li
- Norman Bethune Health Science Center of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ziyu Zhang
- Norman Bethune Health Science Center of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Rui Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jincheng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hui Jin
- Department of Pain, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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23
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Zhang Y, Liu D, Vithran DTA, Kwabena BR, Xiao W, Li Y. CC chemokines and receptors in osteoarthritis: new insights and potential targets. Arthritis Res Ther 2023; 25:113. [PMID: 37400871 PMCID: PMC10316577 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-023-03096-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent degenerative disease accompanied by the activation of innate and adaptive immune systems-associated inflammatory responses. Due to the local inflammation, the expression of various cytokines was altered in affected joints, including CC motif chemokine ligands (CCLs) and their receptors (CCRs). As essential members of chemokines, CCLs and CCRs played an important role in the pathogenesis and treatment of OA. The bindings between CCLs and CCRs on the chondrocyte membrane promoted chondrocyte apoptosis and the release of multiple matrix-degrading enzymes, which resulted in cartilage degradation. In addition, CCLs and CCRs had chemoattractant functions to attract various immune cells to osteoarthritic joints, further leading to the aggravation of local inflammation. Furthermore, in the nerve endings of joints, CCLs and CCRs, along with several cellular factors, contributed to pain hypersensitivity by releasing neurotransmitters in the spinal cord. Given this family's diverse and complex functions, targeting the functional network of CCLs and CCRs is a promising strategy for the prognosis and treatment of OA in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Di Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | | | - Bosomtwe Richmond Kwabena
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Wenfeng Xiao
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
| | - Yusheng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
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24
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Dhanushkodi NR, Prakash S, Quadiri A, Zayou L, Srivastava R, Tran J, Dang V, Shaik AM, Chilukurri A, Suzer B, De Vera P, Sun M, Nguyen P, Lee A, Salem A, Loi J, Singer M, Nakayama T, Vahed H, Nesburn AB, BenMohamed L. Mucosal CCL28 Chemokine Improves Protection against Genital Herpes through Mobilization of Antiviral Effector Memory CCR10+CD44+ CD62L-CD8+ T Cells and Memory CCR10+B220+CD27+ B Cells into the Infected Vaginal Mucosa. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 211:118-129. [PMID: 37222480 PMCID: PMC10330291 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Four major mucosal-associated chemokines, CCL25, CCL28, CXCL14, and CXCL17, play an important role in protecting mucosal surfaces from infectious pathogens. However, their role in protection against genital herpes remains to be fully explored. The CCL28 is a chemoattractant for the CCR10 receptor-expressing immune cells and is produced homeostatically in the human vaginal mucosa (VM). In this study, we investigated the role of the CCL28/CCR10 chemokine axis in mobilizing protective antiviral B and T cell subsets into the VM site of herpes infection. We report a significant increase in the frequencies of HSV-specific memory CCR10+CD44+CD8+ T cells, expressing high levels of CCR10, in herpes-infected asymptomatic (ASYMP) women compared with symptomatic women. Similarly, a significant increase in the CCL28 chemokine (a ligand of CCR10), was detected in the VM of herpes-infected ASYMP C57BL/6 mice, associated with the mobilization of high frequencies of HSV-specific effector memory CCR10+CD44+CD62L-CD8+ TEM cells and memory CCR10+B220+CD27+ B cells in the VM of HSV-infected ASYMP mice. Inversely, compared with wild-type C57BL/6 mice, the CCL28 knockout (CCL28-/-) mice (1) appeared to be more susceptible to intravaginal infection and reinfection with HSV type 2, and (2) exhibited a significant decrease in the frequencies of HSV-specific effector memory CCR10+CD44+CD62L-CD8+ TEM cells and of memory CD27+B220+ B cells in the infected VM. These findings suggest a critical role of the CCL28/CCR10 chemokine axis in the mobilization of antiviral memory B and T cells within the VM to protect against genital herpes infection and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Rajeswari Dhanushkodi
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Swayam Prakash
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Afshana Quadiri
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Latifa Zayou
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Ruchi Srivastava
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Jennifer Tran
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Vivian Dang
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Amin Mohammed Shaik
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Amruth Chilukurri
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Berfin Suzer
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Phil De Vera
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Miyo Sun
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Pauline Nguyen
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Ashley Lee
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Amirah Salem
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Joyce Loi
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Mahmoud Singer
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697
| | | | - Hawa Vahed
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697
- Department of Vaccines and Immunotherapies, TechImmune, LLC, University Lab Partners, Irvine, CA 92660; USA
| | - Anthony B. Nesburn
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Lbachir BenMohamed
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry
- Institute for Immunology; the University of California Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697
- Department of Vaccines and Immunotherapies, TechImmune, LLC, University Lab Partners, Irvine, CA 92660; USA
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Chaudhuri D, Lu T, Jacob B, Abraham S, Shankar P, Poss MA, Neamati N, Camarero JA. Lipidation of a bioactive cyclotide-based CXCR4 antagonist greatly improves its pharmacokinetic profile in vivo. J Control Release 2023; 359:26-32. [PMID: 37236320 PMCID: PMC10527528 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The CXCR4 chemokine is a key molecular regulator of many biological functions controlling leukocyte functions during inflammation and immunity, and during embryonic development. Overexpression of CXCR4 is also associated with many types of cancer where its activation promotes angiogenesis, tumor growth/survival, and metastasis. In addition, CXCR4 is involved in HIV replication, working as a co-receptor for viral entry, making CXCR4 a very attractive target for developing novel therapeutic agents. Here we report the pharmacokinetic profile in rats of a potent CXCR4 antagonist cyclotide, MCo-CVX-5c, previously developed in our group that displayed a remarkable in vivo resistance to biological degradation in serum. This bioactive cyclotide, however, was rapidly eliminated through renal clearance. Several lipidated versions of cyclotide MCo-CVX-5c showed a significant increase in the half-life when compared to the unlipidated form. The palmitoylated version of cyclotide MCo-CVX-5c displayed similar CXCR4 antagonistic activity as the unlipidated cyclotide, while the cyclotide modified with octadecanedioic (18-oxo-octadecanoic) acid exhibited a remarkable decrease in its ability to antagonize CXCR4. Similar results were also obtained when tested for its ability to inhibit growth in two cancer cell lines and HIV infection in cells. These results show that the half-life of cyclotides can be improved by lipidation although it can also affect their biological activity depending on the lipid employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipankar Chaudhuri
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Alfred E. Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Tiangong Lu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2800, USA
| | - Binu Jacob
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Alfred E. Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Sojan Abraham
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Center of Excellence in Infectious Disease, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX 79430, USA
| | - Premlata Shankar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Center of Excellence in Infectious Disease, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX 79430, USA
| | - Michael A Poss
- Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, NJ 08543, USA
| | - Nouri Neamati
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2800, USA
| | - Julio A Camarero
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Alfred E. Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA9033, USA.
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26
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Nigam M, Mishra AP, Deb VK, Dimri DB, Tiwari V, Bungau SG, Bungau AF, Radu AF. Evaluation of the association of chronic inflammation and cancer: Insights and implications. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 164:115015. [PMID: 37321055 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Among the most extensively researched processes in the development and treatment of cancer is inflammatory condition. Although acute inflammation is essential for the wound healing and reconstruction of tissues that have been damaged, chronic inflammation may contribute to the onset and growth of a number of diseases, including cancer. By disrupting the signaling processes of cells, which result in cancer induction, invasion, and development, a variety of inflammatory molecules are linked to the development of cancer. The microenvironment surrounding the tumor is greatly influenced by inflammatory cells and their subsequent secretions, which also contribute significantly to the tumor's growth, survivability, and potential migration. These inflammatory variables have been mentioned in several publications as prospective diagnostic tools for anticipating the onset of cancer. Targeting inflammation with various therapies can reduce the inflammatory response and potentially limit or block the proliferation of cancer cells. The scientific medical literature from the past three decades has been studied to determine how inflammatory chemicals and cell signaling pathways related to cancer invasion and metastasis are related. The current narrative review updates the relevant literature while highlighting the specifics of inflammatory signaling pathways in cancer and their possible therapeutic possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Nigam
- Department of Biochemistry, Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University, 246174 Srinagar Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Abhay Prakash Mishra
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Science, University of Free State, 9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa.
| | - Vishal Kumar Deb
- Dietetics and Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, 176061 Palampur, Himanchal Pradesh, India
| | - Deen Bandhu Dimri
- Department of Biochemistry, Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University, 246174 Srinagar Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Vinod Tiwari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology BHU, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Simona Gabriela Bungau
- Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410028 Oradea, Romania.
| | - Alexa Florina Bungau
- Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania
| | - Andrei-Flavius Radu
- Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania; Department of Preclinical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania
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Darbouret- Hervier A, Assi N, Asensio MJ, Bernabe B, Lechevallier A, Iantomasi R, Rokbi B, Botelho-Nevers E, Ruiz S. Anti-staphylococcus aureus adaptive immunity is impaired in end-stage renal disease patients on hemodialysis: one-year longitudinal study. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1123160. [PMID: 37304264 PMCID: PMC10250961 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1123160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) display defects in adaptive and innate immunity, increasing susceptibility to infection. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a major cause of bacteraemia in this population and is associated with increased mortality. More information on the immune response to S. aureus in these patients is needed to inform effective vaccine development. Methods A longitudinal prospective study was carried out at two medical centers and included 48 ESRD patients who started chronic hemodialysis (HD) treatment ≤3 months before inclusion. Control samples were taken from 62 consenting healthy blood donors. Blood samples were obtained from ESRD patients at each visit, on month (M) 0 (beginning of HD), M6 and M12. Around 50 immunological markers of adaptive and innate immunity were assessed to compare immune responses to S. aureus in ESRD patients versus controls to document the changes on their immune profile during HD. Results S. aureus survival in whole blood was significantly higher in ESRD patients than in controls at M0 (P=0.049), while impaired oxidative burst activity was observed in ESRD patients at all timepoints (P<0.001). S. aureus-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) responses to iron surface determinant B (IsdB) and S. aureus α hemolysin (Hla) antigens were lower in ESRD patients than in healthy donors at M0 (P=0.003 and P=0.007, respectively) and M6 (P=0.05 and P=0.03, respectively), but were restored to control levels at M12. Moreover, S. aureus-specific T-helper cell responses were comparable to controls for IsdB but were impaired for Hla antigen at all timepoints: 10% of ESRD patients responded to Hla at M0, increasing to 30% at M12, compared with 45% of healthy donors. B-cell and T-cell concentrations in blood were significantly reduced (by 60% and 40%, respectively) compared with healthy controls. Finally, upregulation of Human Leucocyte Antigen-DR (HLA-DR) and C-C chemokine Receptor type 2 (CCR2) was impaired at M0 but was restored during the first year of HD. Conclusion All together, these results show that adaptive immunity was largely impaired in ESRD patients, whereas innate immunity was less impacted and tended to be restored by HD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nada Assi
- Research Department, Sanofi, Marcy l’Etoile, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Bachra Rokbi
- Research Department, Sanofi, Marcy l’Etoile, France
| | - Elisabeth Botelho-Nevers
- Infectious Diseases Department, University Hospital, Saint-Etienne, France
- CIC Inserm, University Hospital, Saint-Etienne, France
- CIRI – Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP, University, Lyon, Université Jean Monnet, Inserm, CNRS, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Sophie Ruiz
- Research Department, Sanofi, Marcy l’Etoile, France
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Dhanushkodi NR, Prakash S, Quadiri A, Zayou L, Singer M, Takashi N, Vahed H, BenMohamed L. High Frequencies of Antiviral Effector Memory T EM Cells and Memory B Cells Mobilized into Herpes Infected Vaginal Mucosa Associated With Protection Against Genital Herpes. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.23.542021. [PMID: 37292784 PMCID: PMC10245907 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.23.542021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Vaginal mucosa-resident anti-viral effector memory B- and T cells appeared to play a crucial role in protection against genital herpes. However, how to mobilize such protective immune cells into the vaginal tissue close to infected epithelial cells remains to be determined. In the present study, we investigate whether and how, CCL28, a major mucosal-associated chemokine, mobilizes effector memory B- and T cells in leading to protecting mucosal surfaces from herpes infection and disease. The CCL28 is a chemoattractant for the CCR10 receptor-expressing immune cells and is produced homeostatically in the human vaginal mucosa (VM). We found the presence of significant frequencies of HSV-specific memory CCR10+CD44+CD8+ T cells, expressing high levels of CCR10 receptor, in herpes-infected asymptomatic (ASYMP) women compared to symptomatic (SYMP) women. A significant amount of the CCL28 chemokine (a ligand of CCR10), was detected in the VM of herpes-infected ASYMP B6 mice, associated with the mobilization of high frequencies of HSV-specific effector memory CCR10+CD44+ CD62L- CD8+ TEM cells and memory CCR10+B220+CD27+ B cells in the VM of HSV-infected asymptomatic mice. In contrast, compared to wild-type (WT) B6 mice, the CCL28 knockout (CCL28(-/-)) mice: (i) Appeared more susceptible to intravaginal infection and re-infection with HSV-2; (ii) Exhibited a significant decrease in the frequencies of HSV-specific effector memory CCR10+CD44+ CD62L- CD8+ TEM cells and of memory CD27+B220+ B cells in the infected VM. The results imply a critical role of the CCL28/CCR10 chemokine axis in the mobilization of anti-viral memory B and T cells within the VM to protect against genital herpes infection and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Rajeswari Dhanushkodi
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Swayam Prakash
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Afshana Quadiri
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Latifa Zayou
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Mahmoud Singer
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697
| | | | - Hawa Vahed
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697
- Department of Vaccines and Immunotherapies, TechImmune, LLC, University Lab Partners, Irvine, CA 92660; USA
| | - Lbachir BenMohamed
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry; the University of California Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697
- Institute for Immunology; the University of California Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697
- Department of Vaccines and Immunotherapies, TechImmune, LLC, University Lab Partners, Irvine, CA 92660; USA
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Frank JC, Song BH, Lee YM. Mice as an Animal Model for Japanese Encephalitis Virus Research: Mouse Susceptibility, Infection Route, and Viral Pathogenesis. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12050715. [PMID: 37242385 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12050715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), a zoonotic flavivirus, is principally transmitted by hematophagous mosquitoes, continually between susceptible animals and incidentally from those animals to humans. For almost a century since its discovery, JEV was geographically confined to the Asia-Pacific region with recurrent sizable outbreaks involving wildlife, livestock, and people. However, over the past decade, it has been detected for the first time in Europe (Italy) and Africa (Angola) but has yet to cause any recognizable outbreaks in humans. JEV infection leads to a broad spectrum of clinical outcomes, ranging from asymptomatic conditions to self-limiting febrile illnesses to life-threatening neurological complications, particularly Japanese encephalitis (JE). No clinically proven antiviral drugs are available to treat the development and progression of JE. There are, however, several live and killed vaccines that have been commercialized to prevent the infection and transmission of JEV, yet this virus remains the main cause of acute encephalitis syndrome with high morbidity and mortality among children in the endemic regions. Therefore, significant research efforts have been directed toward understanding the neuropathogenesis of JE to facilitate the development of effective treatments for the disease. Thus far, multiple laboratory animal models have been established for the study of JEV infection. In this review, we focus on mice, the most extensively used animal model for JEV research, and summarize the major findings on mouse susceptibility, infection route, and viral pathogenesis reported in the past and present, and discuss some unanswered key questions for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan C Frank
- Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, College of Agriculture and Applied Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | - Byung-Hak Song
- Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, College of Agriculture and Applied Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | - Young-Min Lee
- Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, College of Agriculture and Applied Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA
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30
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Nowak R, Trzeciak-Ryczek A, Ciechanowicz A, Brodkiewicz A, Urasińska E, Kostrzewa-Nowak D. The Impact of Different Types of Physical Effort on the Expression of Selected Chemokine and Interleukin Receptor Genes in Peripheral Blood Cells. Cells 2023; 12:cells12081119. [PMID: 37190028 DOI: 10.3390/cells12081119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the post-effort transcriptional changes of selected genes encoding receptors for chemokines and interleukins in young, physically active men to better understand the immunomodulatory effect of physical activity. The participants, aged 16-21 years, performed physical exercise tasks of either a maximal multistage 20 m shuttle-run test (beep test) or a repeated speed ability test. The expression of selected genes encoding receptors for chemokines and interleukins in nucleated peripheral blood cells was determined using RT-qPCR. Aerobic endurance activity was a positive stimulant that induced increased expression of CCR1 and CCR2 genes following lactate recovery, while the maximum expression of CCR5 was found immediately post-effort. The increase in the expression of inflammation-related genes encoding chemokine receptors triggered by aerobic effort strengthens the theory that physical effort induces sterile inflammation. Different profiles of studied chemokine receptor gene expression induced by short-term anaerobic effort suggest that not all types of physical effort activate the same immunological pathways. A significant increase in IL17RA gene expression after the beep test confirmed the hypothesis that cells expressing this receptor, including Th17 lymphocyte subsets, can be involved in the creation of an immune response after endurance efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Nowak
- Institute of Physical Culture Sciences, University of Szczecin, 17C Narutowicza St., 70-240 Szczecin, Poland
- Department of Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 1 Unii Lubelskiej St., 71-242 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Alicja Trzeciak-Ryczek
- Institute of Biology, University of Szczecin, 13 Wąska St., 71-415 Szczecin, Poland
- The Centre for Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Szczecin, 13 Wąska St., 71-415 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Andrzej Ciechanowicz
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Biochemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 72 Powstańców Wlkp. Al., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Andrzej Brodkiewicz
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Nephrology, Dialysotherapy and Management of Acute Poisoning, Pomeranian Medical University, 4 Maczna St., 70-204 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Urasińska
- Department of Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 1 Unii Lubelskiej St., 71-242 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Dorota Kostrzewa-Nowak
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Biochemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 72 Powstańców Wlkp. Al., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
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31
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Chen Y, Liu S, Wu L, Liu Y, Du J, Luo Z, Xu J, Guo L, Liu Y. Epigenetic regulation of chemokine (CC-motif) ligand 2 in inflammatory diseases. Cell Prolif 2023:e13428. [PMID: 36872292 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Appropriate responses to inflammation are conducive to pathogen elimination and tissue repair, while uncontrolled inflammatory reactions are likely to result in the damage of tissues. Chemokine (CC-motif) Ligand 2 (CCL2) is the main chemokine and activator of monocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils. CCL2 played a key role in amplifying and accelerating the inflammatory cascade and is closely related to chronic non-controllable inflammation (cirrhosis, neuropathic pain, insulin resistance, atherosclerosis, deforming arthritis, ischemic injury, cancer, etc.). The crucial regulatory roles of CCL2 may provide potential targets for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Therefore, we presented a review of the regulatory mechanisms of CCL2. Gene expression is largely affected by the state of chromatin. Different epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation, post-translational modification of histones, histone variants, ATP-dependent chromatin remodelling, and non-coding RNA, could affect the 'open' or 'closed' state of DNA, and then significantly affect the expression of target genes. Since most epigenetic modifications are proven to be reversible, targeting the epigenetic mechanisms of CCL2 is expected to be a promising therapeutic strategy for inflammatory diseases. This review focuses on the epigenetic regulation of CCL2 in inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingyi Chen
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyan Liu
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Wu
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yitong Liu
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Du
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenhua Luo
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Junji Xu
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijia Guo
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Liu
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Dillemans L, De Somer L, Neerinckx B, Proost P. A review of the pleiotropic actions of the IFN-inducible CXC chemokine receptor 3 ligands in the synovial microenvironment. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:78. [PMID: 36862204 PMCID: PMC11071919 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04715-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Chemokines are pivotal players in instigation and perpetuation of synovitis through leukocytes egress from the blood circulation into the inflamed articulation. Multitudinous literature addressing the involvement of the dual-function interferon (IFN)-inducible chemokines CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11 in diseases characterized by chronic inflammatory arthritis emphasizes the need for detangling their etiopathological relevance. Through interaction with their mutual receptor CXC chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3), the chemokines CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11 exert their hallmark function of coordinating directional trafficking of CD4+ TH1 cells, CD8+ T cells, NK cells and NKT cells towards inflammatory niches. Among other (patho)physiological processes including infection, cancer, and angiostasis, IFN-inducible CXCR3 ligands have been implicated in autoinflammatory and autoimmune diseases. This review presents a comprehensive overview of the abundant presence of IFN-induced CXCR3 ligands in bodily fluids of patients with inflammatory arthritis, the outcomes of their selective depletion in rodent models, and the attempts at developing candidate drugs targeting the CXCR3 chemokine system. We further propose that the involvement of the CXCR3 binding chemokines in synovitis and joint remodeling encompasses more than solely the directional ingress of CXCR3-expressing leukocytes. The pleotropic actions of the IFN-inducible CXCR3 ligands in the synovial niche reiteratively illustrate the extensive complexity of the CXCR3 chemokine network, which is based on the intercommunion of IFN-inducible CXCR3 ligands with distinct CXCR3 isoforms, enzymes, cytokines, and infiltrated and resident cells present in the inflamed joints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luna Dillemans
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lien De Somer
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Barbara Neerinckx
- Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paul Proost
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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Carmon H, Haley EC, Parikh V, Tronson NC, Sarter M. Neuro-Immune Modulation of Cholinergic Signaling in an Addiction Vulnerability Trait. eNeuro 2023; 10:ENEURO.0023-23.2023. [PMID: 36810148 PMCID: PMC9997697 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0023-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Sign-tracking (ST) describes the propensity to approach and contact a Pavlovian reward cue. By contrast, goal-trackers (GTs) respond to such a cue by retrieving the reward. These behaviors index the presence of opponent cognitive-motivational traits, with STs exhibiting attentional control deficits, behavior dominated by incentive motivational processes, and vulnerability for addictive drug taking. Attentional control deficits in STs were previously attributed to attenuated cholinergic signaling, resulting from deficient translocation of intracellular choline transporters (CHTs) into synaptosomal plasma membrane. Here, we investigated a posttranslational modification of CHTs, poly-ubiquitination, and tested the hypothesis that elevated cytokine signaling in STs contributes to CHT modification. We demonstrated that intracellular CHTs, but not plasma membrane CHTs, are highly ubiquitinated in male and female sign-tracking rats when compared with GTs. Moreover, levels of cytokines measured in cortex and striatum, but not spleen, were higher in STs than in GTs. Activation of the innate immune system by systemic administration of the bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) elevated ubiquitinated CHT levels in cortex and striatum of GTs only, suggesting ceiling effects in STs. In spleen, LPS increased levels of most cytokines in both phenotypes. In cortex, LPS particularly robustly increased levels of the chemokines CCL2 and CXCL10. Phenotype-specific increases were restricted to GTs, again suggesting ceiling effects in STs. These results indicate that interactions between elevated brain immune modulator signaling and CHT regulation are essential components of the neuronal underpinnings of the addiction vulnerability trait indexed by sign-tracking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Carmon
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Evan C Haley
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122
| | - Vinay Parikh
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122
| | - Natalie C Tronson
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Martin Sarter
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
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Eight Aging-Related Genes Prognostic Signature for Cervical Cancer. Int J Genomics 2023; 2023:4971345. [PMID: 36880057 PMCID: PMC9985510 DOI: 10.1155/2023/4971345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This study searched for aging-related genes (ARGs) to predict the prognosis of patients with cervical cancer (CC). All data were obtained from Molecular Signatures Database, Cancer Genome Atlas, Gene Expression Integration, and Genotype Organization Expression. The R software was used to screen out the differentially expressed ARGs (DE-ARGs) between CC and normal tissues. A protein-protein interaction network was established by the DE-ARGs. The univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were conducted on the first extracted Molecular Complex Detection component, and a prognostic model was constructed. The prognostic model was further validated in the testing set and GSE44001 dataset. Prognosis was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier curves, and accuracy of the prognostic model was assessed by receiver operating characteristic area under the curve analysis. An independent prognostic analysis of risk score and some clinicopathological factors of CC was also performed. The copy-number variant (CNV) and single-nucleotide variant (SNV) of prognostic ARGs were analyzed by the BioPortal database. A clinical practical nomogram was established to predict individual survival probability. Finally, we carried out cell experiment to further verify the prognostic model. An eight-ARG prognostic signature for CC was constructed. High-risk CC patients had significantly shorter overall survival than low-risk patients. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve validated the good performance of the signature in survival prediction. The Figo_stage and risk score served as independent prognostic factors. The eight ARGs mainly enriched in growth factor regulation and cell cycle pathway, and the deep deletion of FN1 was the most common CNV. An eight-ARG prognostic signature for CC was successfully constructed.
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Komori T, Morikawa Y. Essential roles of the cytokine oncostatin M in crosstalk between muscle fibers and immune cells in skeletal muscle after aerobic exercise. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102686. [PMID: 36370846 PMCID: PMC9720348 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Crosstalk between muscle fibers and immune cells is well known in the processes of muscle repair after exercise, especially resistance exercise. In aerobic exercise, however, this crosstalk is not fully understood. In the present study, we found that macrophages, especially anti-inflammatory (M2) macrophages, and neutrophils accumulated in skeletal muscles of mice 24 h after a single bout of an aerobic exercise. The expression of oncostatin M (OSM), a member of the interleukin 6 family of cytokines, was also increased in muscle fibers immediately after the exercise. In addition, we determined that deficiency of OSM in mice inhibited the exercise-induced accumulation of M2 macrophages and neutrophils, whereas intramuscular injection of OSM increased these immune cells in skeletal muscles. Furthermore, the chemokines related to the recruitment of macrophages and neutrophils were induced in skeletal muscles after aerobic exercise, which were attenuated in OSM-deficient mice. Among them, CC chemokine ligand 2, CC chemokine ligand 7, and CXC chemokine ligand 1 were induced by OSM in skeletal muscles. Next, we analyzed the direct effects of OSM on the skeletal muscle macrophages, because the OSM receptor β subunit was expressed predominantly in macrophages in the skeletal muscle. OSM directly induced the expression of these chemokines and anti-inflammatory markers in the skeletal muscle macrophages. From these findings, we conclude that OSM is essential for aerobic exercise-induced accumulation of M2 macrophages and neutrophils in the skeletal muscle partly through the regulation of chemokine expression in macrophages.
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Andrés CMC, Pérez de la Lastra JM, Juan CA, Plou FJ, Pérez-Lebeña E. The Role of Reactive Species on Innate Immunity. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10101735. [PMID: 36298601 PMCID: PMC9609844 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10101735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This review examines the role of reactive species RS (of oxygen ROS, nitrogen RNS and halogen RHS) on innate immunity. The importance of these species in innate immunity was first recognized in phagocytes that underwent a “respiratory burst” after activation. The anion superoxide •O2− and hydrogen peroxide H2O2 are detrimental to the microbial population. NADPH oxidase NOx, as an •O2− producer is essential for microbial destruction, and patients lacking this functional oxidase are more susceptible to microbial infections. Reactive nitrogen species RNS (the most important are nitric oxide radical -•NO, peroxynitrite ONOO— and its derivatives), are also harmful to microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, and parasites. Hypochlorous acid HOCl and hypothiocyanous acid HOSCN synthesized through the enzyme myeloperoxidase MPO, which catalyzes the reaction between H2O2 and Cl− or SCN−, are important inorganic bactericidal molecules, effective against a wide range of microbes. This review also discusses the role of antimicrobial peptides AMPs and their induction of ROS. In summary, reactive species RS are the heart of the innate immune system, and they are necessary for microbial lysis in infections that can affect mammals throughout their lives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José Manuel Pérez de la Lastra
- Institute of Natural Products and Agrobiology, CSIC-Spanish Research Council, Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez 3, 38206 La Laguna, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Celia Andrés Juan
- Cinquima Institute and Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Valladolid University, Paseo de Belén 7, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Plou
- Institute of Catalysis and Petrochemistry, CSIC-Spanish Research Council, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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Kim B, Vasanthakumar A, Li QS, Nudelman KN, Risacher SL, Davis JW, Idler K, Lee J, Seo SW, Waring JF, Saykin AJ, Nho K. Integrative analysis of DNA methylation and gene expression identifies genes associated with biological aging in Alzheimer's disease. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 14:e12354. [PMID: 36187194 PMCID: PMC9489162 DOI: 10.1002/dad2.12354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction The acceleration of biological aging is a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, we performed weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to identify modules and dysregulated genesinvolved in biological aging in AD. Methods We performed WGCNA to identify modules associated with biological clocks and hub genes of the module with the highest module significance. In addition, we performed differential expression analysis and association analysis with AD biomarkers. Results WGCNA identified five modules associated with biological clocks, with the module designated as "purple" showing the strongest association. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that the purple module was related to cell migration and death. Ten genes were identified as hub genes in purple modules, of which CX3CR1 was downregulated in AD and low levels of CX3CR1 expression were associated with AD biomarkers. Conclusion Network analysis identified genes associated with biological clocks, which suggests the genetic architecture underlying biological aging in AD. Highlights Examine links between Alzheimer's disease (AD) peripheral transcriptome and biological aging changes.Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) found five modules related to biological aging.Among the hub genes of the module, CX3CR1 was downregulated in AD.The CX3CR1 expression level was associated with cognitive performance and brain atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo‐Hyun Kim
- Center for NeuroimagingDepartment of Radiology and Imaging SciencesIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
- Samsung Alzheimer Research CenterSamsung Medical CenterSeoulRepublic of Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and TechnologySHAISTSungkyunkwan UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | | | - Qingqin S. Li
- Neuroscience Therapeutic AreaJanssen Research & Development, LLCTitusvilleNew JerseyUSA
| | - Kelly N.H. Nudelman
- National Centralized Repository for Alzheimer's Disease and Related DementiasIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
- Indiana Alzheimer Disease CenterIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
- Department of Medical and Molecular GeneticsIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Shannon L. Risacher
- Center for NeuroimagingDepartment of Radiology and Imaging SciencesIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
- Indiana Alzheimer Disease CenterIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | | | - Kenneth Idler
- Genomics Research CenterAbbVieNorth ChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Jong‐Min Lee
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringHanyang UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Sang Won Seo
- Samsung Alzheimer Research CenterSamsung Medical CenterSeoulRepublic of Korea
- Department of NeurologySamsung Medical CenterSungkyunkwan University School of MedicineSeoulRepublic of Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and TechnologySHAISTSungkyunkwan UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | | | - Andrew J. Saykin
- Center for NeuroimagingDepartment of Radiology and Imaging SciencesIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
- Indiana Alzheimer Disease CenterIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
- Department of Medical and Molecular GeneticsIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Kwangsik Nho
- Center for NeuroimagingDepartment of Radiology and Imaging SciencesIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
- Indiana Alzheimer Disease CenterIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
- Center for Computational Biology and BioinformaticsIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
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Yan Y, Hu K, Fu M, Deng X, Guan X, Luo S, Zhang M, Liu Y, Hu Q. CCL28 Enhances HSV-2 gB-Specific Th1-Polarized Immune Responses against Lethal Vaginal Challenge in Mice. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10081291. [PMID: 36016177 PMCID: PMC9415327 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10081291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmid DNA (pDNA) represents a promising “genetic vaccine platform” capable of overcoming major histocompatibility complex barriers. We previously demonstrated that low-to-moderate doses of mucosae-associated epithelial chemokine (MEC or CCL28) as an immunomodulatory adjuvant can trigger effective and long-lasting systemic and mucosal HSV-2 gD-specific immune responses, whereas mice immunized with gD in combination with high-dose CCL28 showed toxicity and lost their immunoprotective effects after lethal HSV-2 challenge. The exact causes underlying high-dose, CCL28-induced lesions remain unknown. In an intramuscularly immunized mouse model, we investigated the immune-enhancement mechanisms of low-dose CCL28 as a molecular adjuvant combined with the relatively weak immunogen HSV-2 gB. Compared with the plasmid gB antigen group, we found that a low-dose of plasmid CCL28 (pCCL28) codelivered with pgB induced increased levels of gB-specific serum IgG and vaginal fluid IgA, serum neutralizing antibodies (NAb), Th1-polarized IgG2a, and cytokine IL-2 (>5-fold). Furthermore, low-dose pCCL28 codelivery with pgB enhanced CCL28/CCR10-axis responsive CCR10− plus CCR10+ B-cell (~1.2-fold) and DC pools (~4-fold) in the spleen, CCR10− plus CCR10+ T-cell pools (~2-fold) in mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs), and the levels of IgA-ASCs in colorectal mucosal tissues, leading to an improved protective effect against a lethal dose of HSV-2 challenge. Findings in this study provide a basis for the development of CCL28-adjuvant vaccines against viral mucosal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yan
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, The Fifth People’s Hospital of Wuxi, Wuxi Affiliated Clinical Academy of Nantong University, Wuxi 214016, China
| | - Kai Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Ming Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xu Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xinmeng Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Sukun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Mudan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yalan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Qinxue Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St. George’s University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK
- Correspondence:
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Sehgal M, Jakhete SM, Manekar AG, Sasikumar S. Specific epigenetic regulators serve as potential therapeutic targets in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09773. [PMID: 36061031 PMCID: PMC9434059 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), a disorder observed mostly in older human beings, is characterised by chronic and progressive lung scarring leading to an irreversible decline in lung function. This health condition has a dismal prognosis and the currently available drugs only delay but fail to reverse the progression of lung damage. Consequently, it becomes imperative to discover improved therapeutic compounds and their cellular targets to cure IPF. In this regard, a number of recent studies have targeted the epigenetic regulation by histone deacetylases (HDACs) to develop and categorise antifibrotic drugs for lungs. Therefore, this review focuses on how aberrant expression or activity of Classes I, II and III HDACs alter TGF-β signalling to promote events such as epithelial-mesenchymal transition, differentiation of activated fibroblasts into myofibroblasts, and excess deposition of the extracellular matrix to propel lung fibrosis. Further, this study describes how certain chemical compounds or dietary changes modulate dysregulated HDACs to attenuate five faulty TGF-β-dependent profibrotic processes, both in animal models and cell lines replicating IPF, thereby identifying promising means to treat this lung disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manas Sehgal
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Tathawade, Pune, Maharashtra, PIN - 411033, India
| | - Sharayu Manish Jakhete
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Tathawade, Pune, Maharashtra, PIN - 411033, India
| | - Amruta Ganesh Manekar
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Tathawade, Pune, Maharashtra, PIN - 411033, India
| | - Satish Sasikumar
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Tathawade, Pune, Maharashtra, PIN - 411033, India
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Biodetection Techniques for Quantification of Chemokines. CHEMOSENSORS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors10080294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Chemokines are a class of cytokine whose special properties, together with their involvement and relevant role in various diseases, make them a restricted group of biomarkers suitable for diagnosis and monitoring. Despite their importance, biodetection techniques dedicated to the selective determination of one or more chemokines are very scarce. For some years now, the critical diagnosis of inflammatory diseases by detecting both cytokine and chemokine biomarkers, has had a strong impact on the development of multiple detection platforms. However, it would be desirable to implement methodologies with a higher degree of selectivity for chemokines, in order to provide more precise information. In addition, better development of biosensor technology applied to this specific field would make it possible to address the main challenges of detection methods for several diseases with a high incidence in the population, avoiding high costs and low sensitivity. Taking this into account, this review aims to present the state of the art of chemokine biodetection techniques and emphasize the role of these systems in the prevention, monitoring and treatment of various diseases associated with chemokines as a starting point for future developments that are also analyzed throughout the article.
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Zhao R, Liu J, Li Z, Zhang W, Wang F, Zhang B. Recent Advances in CXCL12/CXCR4 Antagonists and Nano-Based Drug Delivery Systems for Cancer Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14081541. [PMID: 35893797 PMCID: PMC9332179 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14081541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemokines can induce chemotactic cell migration by interacting with G protein-coupled receptors to play a significant regulatory role in the development of cancer. CXC chemokine-12 (CXCL12) can specifically bind to CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) and is closely associated with the progression of cancer via multiple signaling pathways. Over recent years, many CXCR4 antagonists have been tested in clinical trials; however, Plerixafor (AMD3100) is the only drug that has been approved for marketing thus far. In this review, we first summarize the mechanisms that mediate the physiological effects of the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis. Then, we describe the use of CXCL12/CXCR4 antagonists. Finally, we discuss the use of nano-based drug delivery systems that exert action on the CXCL12/CXCR4 biological axis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Feng Wang
- Correspondence: (F.W.); (B.Z.); Tel.: +86-536-8462490 (B.Z.)
| | - Bo Zhang
- Correspondence: (F.W.); (B.Z.); Tel.: +86-536-8462490 (B.Z.)
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Zhuang C, Chen R, Zheng Z, Lu J, Hong C. Toll-Like Receptor 3 in Cardiovascular Diseases. Heart Lung Circ 2022; 31:e93-e109. [PMID: 35367134 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2022.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) is an important member of the innate immune response receptor toll-like receptors (TLRs) family, which plays a vital role in regulating immune response, promoting the maturation and differentiation of immune cells, and participating in the response of pro-inflammatory factors. TLR3 is activated by pathogen-associated molecular patterns and damage-associated molecular patterns, which support the pathophysiology of many diseases related to inflammation. An increasing number of studies have confirmed that TLR3, as a crucial medium of innate immunity, participates in the occurrence and development of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) by regulating the transcription and translation of various cytokines, thus affecting the structure and physiological function of resident cells in the cardiovascular system, including vascular endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts and macrophages. The dysfunction and structural damage of vascular endothelial cells and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells are the key factors in the occurrence of vascular diseases such as pulmonary arterial hypertension, atherosclerosis, myocardial hypertrophy, myocardial infarction, ischaemia/reperfusion injury, and heart failure. Meanwhile, cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts, and macrophages are involved in the development of CVDs. Therefore, the purpose of this review was to explore the latest research published on TLR3 in CVDs and discuss current understanding of potential mechanisms by which TLR3 contributes to CVDs. Even though TLR3 is a developing area, it has strong treatment potential as an immunomodulator and deserves further study for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunying Zhuang
- China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; First Clinical School, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Riken Chen
- China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenzhen Zheng
- Department of Respiration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianmin Lu
- China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cheng Hong
- China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Hu LT, Deng WJ, Chu ZS, Sun L, Zhang CB, Lu SZ, Weng JR, Ren QS, Dong XY, Li WD, Li XB, Du YT, Li Y, Wang WQ. Comprehensive analysis of CXCR family members in lung adenocarcinoma with prognostic values. BMC Pulm Med 2022; 22:259. [PMID: 35768814 PMCID: PMC9245315 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-022-02051-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The expression profiles and molecular mechanisms of CXC chemokine receptors (CXCRs) in Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) have been extensively explored. However, the comprehensive prognostic values of CXCR members in LUAD have not yet been clearly identified. Methods Multiple available datasets, including Oncomine datasets, the cancer genome atlas (TCGA), HPA platform, GeneMANIA platform, DAVID platform and the tumor immune estimation resource (TIMER) were used to detect the expression of CXCRs in LUAD, as well as elucidate the significance and value of novel CXCRs-associated genes and signaling pathways in LUAD.
Results The mRNA and/or protein expression of CXCR1, CXCR2, CXCR3, CXCR4, CXCR5 and CXCR6 displayed predominantly decreased in LUAD tissues as compared to normal tissues. On the contrary, compared with the normal tissues, the expression of CXCR7 was significantly increased in LUAD tissues. Subsequently, we constructed a network including CXCR family members and their 20 related genes, and the related GO functions assay showed that CXCRs connected with these genes participated in the process of LUAD through several signal pathways including Chemokine signaling pathway, Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction and Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction. TCGA and Timer platform revealed that the mRNA expression of CXCR family members was significantly related to individual cancer stages, cancer subtypes, patient’s gender and the immune infiltration level. Finally, survival analysis showed that low mRNA expression levels of CXCR2 (HR = 0.661, and Log-rank P = 1.90e−02), CXCR3 (HR = 0.674, and Log-rank P = 1.00e−02), CXCR4 (HR = 0.65, and Log-rank P = 5.01e−03), CXCR5 (HR = 0.608, and Log-rank P = 4.80e−03) and CXCR6 (HR = 0.622, and Log-rank P = 1.85e−03) were significantly associated with shorter overall survival (OS), whereas high CXCR7 mRNA expression (HR = 1.604, and Log-rank P = 4.27e−03) was extremely related with shorter OS in patients.
Conclusion Our findings from public databases provided a unique insight into expression characteristics and prognostic values of CXCR members in LUAD, which would be benefit for the understanding of pathogenesis, diagnosis, prognosis prediction and targeted treatment in LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian-Tao Hu
- Basic Medical College, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, 154002, Heilongjiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Microecology-Immune Regulatory Network and Related Diseases, Jiamusi, 154002, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Wen-Jun Deng
- Basic Medical College, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, 154002, Heilongjiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Microecology-Immune Regulatory Network and Related Diseases, Jiamusi, 154002, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zhen-Sheng Chu
- Basic Medical College, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, 154002, Heilongjiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Microecology-Immune Regulatory Network and Related Diseases, Jiamusi, 154002, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Luo Sun
- Key Laboratory of Microecology-Immune Regulatory Network and Related Diseases, Jiamusi, 154002, Heilongjiang, China.,First Affiliated Hospital, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, 154002, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Chun-Bin Zhang
- Department of Medical Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Translation Medical Testing and Application Technology Zhangzhou, Zhang Zhou Health Vocational College, Zhangzhou, 363000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Shi-Zhen Lu
- Basic Medical College, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, 154002, Heilongjiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Microecology-Immune Regulatory Network and Related Diseases, Jiamusi, 154002, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jin-Ru Weng
- Key Laboratory of Microecology-Immune Regulatory Network and Related Diseases, Jiamusi, 154002, Heilongjiang, China.,Stomatological Hospital, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, 154002, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Qiao-Sheng Ren
- Key Laboratory of Microecology-Immune Regulatory Network and Related Diseases, Jiamusi, 154002, Heilongjiang, China.,Stomatological Hospital, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, 154002, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xin-Yu Dong
- Basic Medical College, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, 154002, Heilongjiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Microecology-Immune Regulatory Network and Related Diseases, Jiamusi, 154002, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Wei-Dong Li
- Basic Medical College, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, 154002, Heilongjiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Microecology-Immune Regulatory Network and Related Diseases, Jiamusi, 154002, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xue-Bin Li
- Key Laboratory of Microecology-Immune Regulatory Network and Related Diseases, Jiamusi, 154002, Heilongjiang, China.,First Affiliated Hospital, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, 154002, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yun-Ting Du
- Department of Laboratory, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang,, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yue Li
- Basic Medical College, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, 154002, Heilongjiang, China. .,Key Laboratory of Microecology-Immune Regulatory Network and Related Diseases, Jiamusi, 154002, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Wei-Qun Wang
- Basic Medical College, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, 154002, Heilongjiang, China. .,Key Laboratory of Microecology-Immune Regulatory Network and Related Diseases, Jiamusi, 154002, Heilongjiang, China.
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Gupta M, Chandan K, Sarwat M. Natural Products and their Derivatives as Immune Check Point Inhibitors: Targeting Cytokine/Chemokine Signalling in Cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:214-232. [PMID: 35772610 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy is the new generation and widely accepted form of tumour treatment. It is, however, associated with exclusive challenges which include organ-specific inflammation, and single-target strategies. Therefore, approaches that can enhance the efficiency of existing immunotherapies and expand their indications are required for the further development of immunotherapy. Natural products and medicines are stated to have this desired effect on cancer immunotherapy (adoptive immune-cells therapy, cancer vaccines, and immune-check point inhibitors). They refurbish the immunosuppressed tumour microenvironment, which is the primary location of interaction of tumour cells with the host immune system. Various immune cell subsets, via interaction with cytokine/chemokine receptors, are recruited into this microenvironment, and these subsets have roles in tumour progression and treatment responsiveness. This review summarises cytokine/chemokine signalling, types of cancer immunotherapy and the herbal medicine-derived natural products targeting cytokine/chemokines and immune checkpoints. These natural compounds possess immunomodulatory activities and exert their anti-tumour effect by either blocking the interaction or modulating the expression of the proteins linked with immune checkpoint signaling pathways. Some compounds also show a synergistic effect in combination with existing monoclonal antibody drugs to reverse the tumour microenvironment. Additionally, we have also reported some studies about the derivatives and formulations used to overcome the limitations of natural forms. This review can provide important insights for directing future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Gupta
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida-201313, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kumari Chandan
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida-201313, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Maryam Sarwat
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida-201313, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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45
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Chemokines and chemokine receptors in allergic rhinitis: from mediators to potential therapeutic targets. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2022; 279:5089-5095. [PMID: 35732904 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-022-07485-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Allergic rhinitis (AR) is an immune-mediated inflammatory condition characterized by immune cell infiltration of the nasal mucosa, with symptoms of rhinorrhea, sneezing, nasal obstruction, and itchiness. Currently, common medication for AR is anti-inflammatory treatment including intranasal steroids, oral, or intranasal anti-histamines, and immunotherapy. These strategies are effective to the majority of patients with AR, but some patients under medication cannot achieve symptom relieve and suffer from bothersome side effects, indicating a demand for novel anti-inflammatory treatment as alternatives. Chemokines, a complex superfamily of small, secreted proteins, were initially recognized for their chemotactic effects on various immune cells. Chemokines constitute both physiological and inflammatory cell positioning systems and mediate cell localization to certain sites via interaction with their receptors, which are expressed on responding cells. Chemokines and their receptors participate in the sensitization, early phase response, and late phase response of AR by promoting inflammatory cell recruitment, differentiation, and allergic mediator release. In this review, we first systemically summarize chemokines and chemokine receptors that are important in AR pathophysiology and then discuss potential strategies targeting chemokines and their receptors for AR therapy.
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46
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Chang H, Ni Y, Shen C, Li C, He K, Zhu X, Chen L, Chen L, Qiu J, Ji Y, Hou M, Ji M, Xu Z. Peritoneal GATA6 + macrophage drives hepatic immunopathogenesis and maintains the T reg cell niche in the liver. Immunol Suppl 2022; 167:77-93. [PMID: 35689656 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The source of macrophages that contribute to human liver disease remains poorly understood. The purpose of this study is to investigate the functional mechanism of peritoneal macrophages in the development of hepatic immunopathology. By performing the natural infection with the blood fluke Schistosoma japonicum (S. japonicum) and the chemically carbon tetrachloride (CCl4 )-induced liver injured mouse model, we identified the peritoneal cavity as an essential source of hepatic macrophages. Here, we show that a large number of F4/80+ macrophages was accumulated in the peritoneal cavity during liver injury. An unknown source population of macrophages, which highly expressed GATA6 that is specific to peritoneal macrophages, was found to exist in the injured livers. Peritoneal macrophage deletion by injection with clodronate-containing liposomes led to an attenuated hepatic pathology and the inflammatory microenvironment, while adoptive transfer of macrophages into the abdominal cavity, by contrast, results in restoring liver pathology. Importantly, there are set genes of monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, -2, and -3 that are highly related to recruit GATA6+ macrophages during S. japonicum infection, while administration of bindarit, a selective inhibitor of MCPs synthesis, dramatically decreased the hepatic expression of GATA6+ macrophages and thus attenuated hepatic pathology. Furthermore, in vivo study showed that peritoneal macrophages promote hepatic immunopathology is dependent on the accumulation of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the liver. Altogether, these data provide the first clear evidence that GATA6+ peritoneal macrophages play critical roles in both the formation of hepatic immunopathology and the accumulation of Tregs cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yangyue Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chunxiang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kaiyue He
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinyi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingfan Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yong Ji
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Min Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Minjun Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhipeng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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47
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Ghasemi K, Ghasemi K. MSX-122: Is an effective small molecule CXCR4 antagonist in cancer therapy? Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 108:108863. [PMID: 35623288 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Chemokines, a subgroup of cytokines along with their receptors, are involved in various biologic processes and regulation of a wide range of immune responses in different physiologic and pathologic states such as tissue repair, infection, and inflammation. C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4), a G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), has one identified natural ligand termed stromal-derived factor-1(SDF-1 or CXCL12). Evidence demonstrated that the ligation of SDF-1 to CXCR4 initiates several intracellular signaling pathways, regulating cell proliferation, survival, chemotaxis, migration, angiogenesis, adhesion, as well as bone marrow (BM)-resident cells homing and mobilization. Additionally, CXCR4 is expressed by tumor cells in blood malignancies and solid tumors. Therefore, CXCR4 is considered a potential therapeutic target in cancer therapy, and CXCR4 antagonists, including AMD3100, MSX-122, BPRCX807, WZ811, Motixafortide, TN14003, AMD3465, and AMD1170, have been employed in experimental and clinical studies to enhance cancer therapy. MSX-122 is a specific small-molecule antagonist of CXCR4/CXCL12 and the only orally available non-peptide CXCR4 antagonist with promising anti-cancer properties. Studies have shown that MSX-122 is particularly important in treating metastatic cancers and has great therapeutic potential. Accordingly, this review summarized the characteristics of MSX-122 and its effects on the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis as well as cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimia Ghasemi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Kosar Ghasemi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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48
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Masih M, Agarwal S, Kaur R, Gautam PK. Role of chemokines in breast cancer. Cytokine 2022; 155:155909. [PMID: 35597171 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2022.155909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chemokines belong to a family of chemoattractant cytokines and are well known to have an essential role in various cancer aetiologies. Multiplesubsets of immune cells are recruited and enrolled into the tumor microenvironment through interactions between chemokines and their specific receptors. These populations and their interactions have a distinct impact on tumor growth, progression, and treatment outcomes. While it is clear that many chemokines and their cognate receptors can be detected in breast and other cancers, the role of each chemokine and receptor has yet to be determined. This review focuses on the main chemokines that play a crucial role in the tumor microenvironment, emphasizing breast cancer. We have also discussed the techniques used to identify the chemokines and their future implication in the early diagnosis of cancer. In-depth knowledge of chemokines and their role in breast cancer progression can provide specific targets for breast cancer biotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilyn Masih
- Department of Biochemistry, AIIMS, New Delhi -110029, India.
| | - Sonam Agarwal
- Department of Biochemistry, AIIMS, New Delhi -110029, India.
| | - Rupinder Kaur
- Department of Biochemistry, AIIMS, New Delhi -110029, India.
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49
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Hoch T, Schulz D, Eling N, Gómez JM, Levesque MP, Bodenmiller B. Multiplexed imaging mass cytometry of the chemokine milieus in melanoma characterizes features of the response to immunotherapy. Sci Immunol 2022; 7:eabk1692. [PMID: 35363540 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abk1692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Intratumoral immune cells are crucial for tumor control and antitumor responses during immunotherapy. Immune cell trafficking into tumors is mediated by binding of specific immune cell receptors to chemokines, a class of secreted chemotactic cytokines. To broadly characterize chemokine expression and function in melanoma, we used multiplexed mass cytometry-based imaging of protein markers and RNA transcripts to analyze the chemokine landscape and immune infiltration in metastatic melanoma samples. Tumors that lacked immune infiltration were devoid of most of the profiled chemokines and exhibited low levels of antigen presentation and markers of inflammation. Infiltrated tumors were characterized by expression of multiple chemokines. CXCL9 and CXCL10 were often localized in patches associated with dysfunctional T cells expressing the B lymphocyte chemoattractant CXCL13. In tumors with B cells but no B cell follicles, T cells were the sole source of CXCL13, suggesting that T cells play a role in B cell recruitment and potentially in B cell follicle formation. B cell patches and follicles were also enriched with TCF7+ naïve-like T cells, a cell type that is predictive of response to immune checkpoint blockade. Our data highlight the strength of targeted RNA and protein codetection to analyze tumor immune microenvironments based on chemokine expression and suggest that the formation of tertiary lymphoid structures may be accompanied by naïve and naïve-like T cell recruitment, which may contribute to antitumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Hoch
- University of Zürich, Department of Quantitative Biomedicine, Zürich 8057, Switzerland.,ETH-Zürich, Institute for Molecular Health Sciences, Zürich 8093, Switzerland.,Particles-Biology Interactions Laboratory, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Schulz
- University of Zürich, Department of Quantitative Biomedicine, Zürich 8057, Switzerland.,ETH-Zürich, Institute for Molecular Health Sciences, Zürich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Nils Eling
- University of Zürich, Department of Quantitative Biomedicine, Zürich 8057, Switzerland.,ETH-Zürich, Institute for Molecular Health Sciences, Zürich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Julia Martínez Gómez
- University Hospital Zürich, Department of Dermatology, Schlieren 8952, Switzerland
| | - Mitchell P Levesque
- University Hospital Zürich, Department of Dermatology, Schlieren 8952, Switzerland
| | - Bernd Bodenmiller
- University of Zürich, Department of Quantitative Biomedicine, Zürich 8057, Switzerland.,ETH-Zürich, Institute for Molecular Health Sciences, Zürich 8093, Switzerland
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50
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Allosteric modulation of the chemokine receptor-chemokine CXCR4-CXCL12 complex by tyrosine sulfation. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 206:812-822. [PMID: 35306016 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.03.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The chemokine receptor CXCR4 and its cognate ligand CXCL12 mediate pathways that lead to cell migration and chemotaxis. Although the structural details of related receptor-ligand complexes have been resolved, the roles of the N-terminal domain of the receptor and post-translational sulfation that are determinants of ligand selectivity and affinity remain unclear. Here, we analyze the structural dynamics induced by receptor sulfation by combining molecular dynamics, docking and network analysis. The sulfotyrosine residues, 7YsN-term, 12YsN-term and 21YsN-term allow the N-terminal domain of the apo-sulfated receptor to adopt an "open" conformation that appears to facilitate ligand binding. The overall topology of the CXCR4-CXCL12 complex is independent of the sulfation state, but an extensive network of protein-protein interactions characterizes the sulfated receptor, in line with its increased ligand affinity. The altered interactions of sulfotyrosine residues, such as 21YsN-term-47RCXCL12 replacing the 21YN-term-13FCXCL12 interaction, propagate via allosteric pathways towards the receptor lumen. In particular, our results suggest that the experimentally-reported receptor-ligand interactions 262D6.58-8RCXCL12 and 277E7.28-12RCXCL12 could be dependent on the sulfation state of the receptor and need to be carefully analyzed. Our work is an important step in understanding chemokine-receptor interactions and how post-translational modifications could modulate receptor-ligand complexes.
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