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Winstone L, Jamal S, Mars B. Cyberbullying Perpetration and Victimization as Risk Factors for Self-Harm: Results From a Longitudinal Cohort Study of 13-14-Year-Olds in England. J Adolesc Health 2024; 75:298-304. [PMID: 38864792 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2024.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cyberbullying is a crucial issue that affects adolescent mental health, with evidence to suggest that adolescents who are victims of cyberbullying are at higher risk for self-harm. However, longitudinal evidence is lacking, meaning the direction of effects cannot be established. This study investigated longitudinal associations between levels of cyberbullying involvement (bully, victim, or both), frequency, and self-harm a year later in an adolescent sample. METHODS Data were collected from Year 9 students (13-14-year-olds; N = 1,195) enrolled in 19 schools in Southwest England using an online questionnaire with a 1-year follow-up period (October 2019-October 2020). Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to test for associations between different levels of cyberbullying involvement at baseline and the likelihood of self-harm a year later, adjusting for key covariates. A secondary regression analysis also explored the associations between the frequency of cyberbullying involvement at baseline and subsequent self-harm. RESULTS Compared to those with no cyberbullying involvement, individuals who were both victims and perpetrators (adjusted odds ratio = 2.94, 95% confidence interval: 1.99-4.34) as well as victims only (adjusted odds ratio = 2.81, 95% confidence interval: 1.95-4.04) showed an increased risk of subsequent self-harm. In terms of frequency, associations were found between frequent and occasional cyberbullying and self-harm for both victims and perpetrators; however, associations for the perpetrator group attenuated to the null following adjustment for covariates. DISCUSSION Our findings highlight cyberbullying in early adolescence as a risk factor for subsequent self-harm. Cyberbullying prevention should be a priority for school mental health interventions, with consideration that most perpetrators of cyberbullying may also be victims.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizzy Winstone
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at the University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom.
| | - Sarah Jamal
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Becky Mars
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at the University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom
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Shen Y, Chen D, Guo J, Zheng Y, Zhang J, Zhan S, You J. Co-developmental trajectories of suicidal ideation and non-suicidal self-injury among Chinese adolescents: Transdiagnostic predictors and association with suicide attempts. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2024; 54:632-648. [PMID: 38529888 DOI: 10.1111/sltb.13074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adolescent suicidal ideation (SI) and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) are crucial public health issues, yet their co-developmental trajectories during early adolescence and their associations with predictors and outcomes are unclear. This study aimed to (a) identify heterogeneous co-developmental trajectories of SI and NSSI, (b) explore associations between transdiagnostic predictors and trajectories, and (c) assess suicide attempt risk across trajectories. METHODS Four hundred fifty-three adolescents (Mage = 12.35 years, 48.3% boys) completed surveys at 6-month intervals across 2 years. At Time 1 (Nov 2020), participants completed surveys encompassing SI, and NSSI, along with family, peer, and individual predictors. Subsequent surveys (Times 2-4) measured SI and NSSI, with suicide attempts queried at Time 4. RESULTS Parallel process latent class growth models revealed three co-developmental groups (i.e., Stable low NSSI and SI; Moderate-NSSI and high-SI, parallel decreasing; High-NSSI and moderate-SI, parallel increasing). Multivariate logistic regression indicated that group membership was predicted by parental rejection, parental warmth, bullying victimization, depressive and anxiety symptoms, thwarted belongingness, and perceived burdensomeness. Adolescents in the "High-NSSI and moderate-SI, parallel increasing" group reported the highest suicide attempt frequency. CONCLUSION These findings underscore subgroup distinctions and transdiagnostic predictors in comprehending SI and NSSI progression, emphasizing the necessity of dynamic monitoring and tailored interventions for distinct subgroup characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhong Shen
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, & School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Danrui Chen
- Psychological Counseling Centre, Chang'an University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiaqi Guo
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, & School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Zheng
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, & School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiajing Zhang
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, & School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shiting Zhan
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, & School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianing You
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, & School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
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Siennick SE, Turanovic JJ. The longitudinal associations between bullying perpetration, bullying victimization, and internalizing symptoms: Bidirectionality and mediation by friend support. Dev Psychopathol 2024; 36:866-877. [PMID: 36852588 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579423000147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Internalizing symptoms have been linked to bullying perpetration and victimization in adolescence. However, the directions of any causal relationships remain unclear, and limited research has identified the mechanisms that explain the associations. Given the salience of peer relationships during the teenage years, we examine whether perceived support from friends is one such mechanism. By using a transactional framework and four waves of longitudinal panel data on over 900 youth, we test both cross-lagged and indirect associations between bullying perpetration, bullying victimization, internalizing symptoms, and perceived friend support. Our method represents one of the most rigorous tests to date of the mutual influences among these factors. The results show that internalizing symptoms and perceived friend support were reciprocally linked to bullying victimization, but perceived support did not predict internalizing symptoms, and bullying perpetration neither preceded nor followed perceived support or internalizing symptoms. There were no significant indirect paths between bullying involvement and internalizing symptoms through perceived friend support. The results provide only partial support for a transactional model in which bullying victimization, support, and internalizing symptoms are reciprocally related. The implications of these findings for theory, future research, and practice are discussed.
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Lin PI, Wu WT, Azasu EK, Wong TY. Pathway from attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder to suicide/self-harm. Psychiatry Res 2024; 337:115936. [PMID: 38705042 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2024.115936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
To evaluate the effect of ADHD diagnosis by the age of 10 on the suicide/self-harm risk at age 14 and examine factors that may modify/mediate the association, a longitudinal study based on the nationwide survey consisting of 5,107 children in Australia was used. Self-harm and suicidal risks in children with ADHD at age 14 were the main outcomes; ADHD medication, history of bullied or depression, and other sociodemographic disadvantages, were treated as covariates. The diagnosis of ADHD at age 10 is associated with elevated risks of self-harm, suicidal thoughts, planning, or attempts by age 14, with greater susceptibility in males. The pathway from ADHD symptoms to suicide/self-harm could also be mediated by depression and exposure to bullying assessed at age 12. Note that depression and exposure to bullying might at best contribute to less than 10 % of the total effect of ADHD diagnosis on either the risk of suicide or self-harm. Early gender-tailored intervention and prevention strategies are crucial in clinical practice and health policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-I Lin
- Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, New South Wales, Australia; Department of Mental Health, Western Sydney University, New South Wales, Australia; Neuroscience Research Australia, Australia.
| | - Weng Tong Wu
- Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Enoch Kordjo Azasu
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Science, Saint Louis University, Missouri, USA
| | - Tsz Ying Wong
- Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, New South Wales, Australia
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Madsen KR, Damsgaard MT, Petersen K, Qualter P, Holstein BE. Bullying at School, Cyberbullying, and Loneliness: National Representative Study of Adolescents in Denmark. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:414. [PMID: 38673326 PMCID: PMC11050631 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21040414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
AIMS The aim was to examine how loneliness was associated with bullying victimization at school and online. METHODS We used data from the Danish arm of the international Health Behavior in School-aged Children (HBSC) study from 2022. The study population was a nationally representative sample of 11-15-year-olds who completed the internationally standardized HBSC questionnaire at school, n = 5382. Multilevel logistic regression was applied to study the associations between bullying victimization and loneliness. RESULTS The prevalence of reporting loneliness often or very often was 9.0%; 6.3% of the sample experienced habitual bullying victimization at school, and 4.8% incurred cyberbullying. There was a strong and graded association between loneliness and bullying victimization at school and cyberbullying. The associations were significant for boys and girls, and the association between exposure to bullying at school and loneliness was steeper for boys than girls. The gradients were steeper for physical bullying than for cyberbullying. Students exposed to habitual bullying in both contexts had an adjusted OR (95% CI) of 11.21 (6.99-17.98) for loneliness. CONCLUSION Exposure to bullying at school and cyberbullying are strongly associated with loneliness. It is important to reduce bullying at school and on the internet and to promote effective interventions to reduce continuing loneliness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrine Rich Madsen
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, 1455 Copenhagen, Denmark; (K.R.M.); (M.T.D.)
| | - Mogens Trab Damsgaard
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, 1455 Copenhagen, Denmark; (K.R.M.); (M.T.D.)
| | | | - Pamela Qualter
- Manchester Institute of Education, University of Manchester, Manchester M1 5AN, UK;
| | - Bjørn E. Holstein
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, 1455 Copenhagen, Denmark; (K.R.M.); (M.T.D.)
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Xie R, Wu W, Jiang M, Sun Z, Li W, Ding W. The reciprocal relationship between child maltreatment and children's bullying victimization in China. Aggress Behav 2024; 50:e22140. [PMID: 38411030 DOI: 10.1002/ab.22140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Children who experience physical and psychological maltreatment within their family are more likely to become victims of abuse outside the family. In Chinese culture, children's victimization may also be a precursor to parenting behaviors. Nevertheless, the reciprocal relationship between child maltreatment and children's bullying victimization remains unclear, particularly in Chinese culture. This study aimed to evaluate the reciprocal association between child maltreatment and children's bullying victimization in China, as well as its gender differences. A total of 891 children aged 8-11 years in China participated in the study at four time points. The potential reciprocal link was examined using a cross-lagged model. The results indicated that physical abuse predicted children's bullying victimization across four time points, while physical neglect predicted children's bullying victimization during the first three time points. The effects of emotional abuse and neglect were negligible. Conversely, children's bullying victimization consistently predicted various types of parental maltreatment over time. Some gender differences in the relationship were found. The findings emphasized a reciprocal relationship between child maltreatment within the family and children's bullying victimization at school. Understanding the cyclical patterns between child maltreatment and bullying victimization may help improve family education approaches and reduce children's bullying victimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruibo Xie
- The Intelligent Laboratory of Child and Adolescent Mental Health and Crisis Intervention of Zhejiang Province, School of Psychology, Parent Education Research Center, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Wei Wu
- The Intelligent Laboratory of Child and Adolescent Mental Health and Crisis Intervention of Zhejiang Province, School of Psychology, Parent Education Research Center, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Min Jiang
- The Intelligent Laboratory of Child and Adolescent Mental Health and Crisis Intervention of Zhejiang Province, School of Psychology, Parent Education Research Center, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Zhaoxing Sun
- The Intelligent Laboratory of Child and Adolescent Mental Health and Crisis Intervention of Zhejiang Province, School of Psychology, Parent Education Research Center, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Weijian Li
- The Intelligent Laboratory of Child and Adolescent Mental Health and Crisis Intervention of Zhejiang Province, School of Psychology, Parent Education Research Center, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Wan Ding
- The Intelligent Laboratory of Child and Adolescent Mental Health and Crisis Intervention of Zhejiang Province, School of Psychology, Parent Education Research Center, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
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Solis I, Serna L, Stephen JM, Ciesielski KTR. Early Behavioral Markers of Anxiety and Reduced Frontal Brain Alpha May Predict High Risk for Bullying Victimization. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2024; 55:71-81. [PMID: 35752998 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-022-01372-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Bullying victimization has a profound negative impact on a child's emotional, social, and cognitive development. Childhood bullying victimization is reported across various social settings, suggesting common characteristics that increase a child's vulnerability to victimization. It is critical to identify early markers of such vulnerability to design preventative tools. Comprehensive semi-structured clinical interviews from mothers of child-victims and non-engaged control children included assessment of early developmental rituals and behavioral inhibition to social novelty, as potential behavioral correlates of anxiety. Neuropsychological and clinical assessment tools were used, and resting state spectral resting state EEG (rsEEG) was recorded. Increased frequency/severity of early developmental rituals and behaviorally inhibited responses to social novelty were apparent in all child-victims, alongside significantly reduced power of ventral prefrontal brain rsEEG alpha oscillations (8-13 Hz). This triad of findings, in line with prior studies, suggested an elevated early childhood anxiety, which, as current findings indicate, may be a cross-diagnostic marker of increased risk for life-long bullying victimization. Gaining insight into early childhood markers of anxiety may meaningfully complement neuropsychiatric prognosis and preventative efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Solis
- Pediatric Neuroscience Laboratory, Psychology Clinical Neuroscience Center, Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Loretta Serna
- Department of Special Education, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Julia M Stephen
- Mind Research Network, and Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, 1101Yale Blvd, Albuquerque, NM, 87106, USA
| | - Kristina T R Ciesielski
- Pediatric Neuroscience Laboratory, Psychology Clinical Neuroscience Center, Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA.
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 149-13th St, Boston, MA, 02 129, USA.
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Chandrasekhar JL, Bowen AE, Heberlein E, Pyle E, Studts CR, Simon SL, Shomaker L, Kaar JL. Universal, School-Based Mental Health Program Implemented Among Racially and Ethnically Diverse Youth Yields Equitable Outcomes: Building Resilience for Healthy Kids. Community Ment Health J 2023; 59:1109-1117. [PMID: 36757609 PMCID: PMC10289906 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-023-01090-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Although suicide is a leading cause of mortality among racial and ethnic minority youth, limited data exists regarding the impact of school-based mental health interventions on these populations, specifically. A single-arm pragmatic trial design was utilized to evaluate the equity of outcomes of the universal, school-based mental health coaching intervention, Building Resilience for Healthy Kids. All sixth-grade students at an urban middle school were invited to participate. Students attended six weekly sessions with a health coach discussing goal setting and other resilience strategies. 285 students (86%) participated with 252 (88%) completing both pre- and post-intervention surveys. Students were a mean age of 11.4 years with 55% identifying as girls, 69% as White, 13% as a racial minority, and 18% as Hispanic. Racial minority students exhibited greater improvements in personal and total resilience compared to White students, controlling for baseline scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Chandrasekhar
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - Erin Heberlein
- Children's Hospital Colorado Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, CO, USA
| | - Emily Pyle
- Children's Hospital Colorado Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, CO, USA
| | - Christina R Studts
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Stacey L Simon
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Lauren Shomaker
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
- Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Jill L Kaar
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.
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Yang Y, Jimmy J, Jones EE, Kreutzer KA, Bryan CJ, Gorka SM. Neural reactivity to threat impacts the association between bullying victimization and suicide risk in youth. J Psychiatr Res 2023; 163:288-295. [PMID: 37244067 PMCID: PMC10400269 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.05.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Bullying victimization is a risk factor for suicidal ideation, suicide behaviors, and death by suicide in youth. However, not all victims of bullying report suicidal thoughts and behaviors, suggesting that there may be certain subgroups who are at high risk for suicide. Neuroimaging studies suggest that individual differences in neurobiological threat reactivity may contribute to increased vulnerability to suicide, particularly in the context of repeated exposure to bullying. The purpose of the present study was to examine the unique and interactive effects of past-year bullying victimization and neural reactivity to threat on suicide risk in youth. Ninety-one youth (ages 16-19) completed self-report measures of past-year bullying victimization and current suicide risk. Participants also completed a task designed to probe neural reactivity to threat. Specifically, participants passively viewed negative or neutral images during functional magnetic resonance imaging. Bilateral anterior insula (AIC) and amygdala (AMYG) reactivity to threat/negative images (>neutral images) was used to capture threat sensitivity. Greater bullying victimization was associated with increased suicide risk. There was also a bullying by AIC reactivity interaction such that among individuals with high AIC reactivity, greater bullying was associated with increased suicide risk. Among individuals with low AIC reactivity, there was no association between bullying and suicide risk. Results suggest that youth with increased AIC reactivity to threat may be particularly vulnerable to suicide in the context of bullying. These individuals may represent a high-risk group for subsequent suicide behavior and AIC function may be a promising objective prevention target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yesol Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center-James, 406 W 10th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Jagan Jimmy
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 370 W. 9th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Emily E Jones
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 370 W. 9th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Kayla A Kreutzer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 370 W. 9th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Craig J Bryan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 370 W. 9th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Stephanie M Gorka
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 370 W. 9th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA; Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, 460 Medical Center Drive, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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Gonzalves LC, Ferrer E, Robins RW, Guyer AE, Hastings PD. Psychosocial Predictors of Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors in Mexican-Origin Youths: An 8-Year Prospective Cohort Study. Clin Psychol Sci 2023; 11:425-443. [PMID: 37197008 PMCID: PMC10184188 DOI: 10.1177/21677026221102924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Suicide is the second leading cause of death for youths in the United States. More Latino adolescents report suicidal thoughts and/or behaviors (STBs) than youths of most other ethnic communities. Yet few studies have examined multiple psychosocial predictors of STBs in Latino youths using multiyear longitudinal designs. In this study, we evaluated the progression of STBs in 674 Mexican-origin youths (50% female) from fifth grade (10 years old) to 12th grade (17 years old) and identified psychosocial predictors of changes in STBs across this period. Latent growth curve models revealed that being female and later-generation status were associated with increasing prevalence in STBs across adolescence. Family conflict and peer conflict predicted increased STBs, whereas greater familism predicted less STBs. Thus, interpersonal relationships and cultural values contribute to the development of STBs in Mexican-origin youths and may be key levers for decreasing suicidality in this understudied but rapidly growing portion of the U.S. adolescent population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren C. Gonzalves
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis
- Center for Mind and Brain, University of California, Davis
| | - Emilio Ferrer
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis
| | | | - Amanda E. Guyer
- Center for Mind and Brain, University of California, Davis
- Department of Human Ecology, University of California, Davis
| | - Paul D. Hastings
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis
- Center for Mind and Brain, University of California, Davis
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Nguyen TH, Shah G, Muzamil M, Ikhile O, Ayangunna E, Kaur R. Association of In-School and Electronic Bullying with Suicidality and Feelings of Hopelessness among Adolescents in the United States. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:children10040755. [PMID: 37190004 DOI: 10.3390/children10040755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide-related behaviors increasingly contribute to behavioral health crises in the United States (U.S.) and worldwide. The problem was worsened during the COVID-19 pandemic, especially for youth and young adults. Existing research suggests suicide-related behaviors are a consequence of bullying, while hopelessness is a more distal consequence. This study examines the association of in-school and electronic bullying with suicide-related behavior and feelings of despair among adolescents, adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics, abuse experience, risk-taking behaviors, and physical appearance/lifestyles. METHOD Using Chi-square, logistic regression, and multinomial logistic regression, we analyzed the US 2019 Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS) national component. The YRBSS includes federal, state, territorial, and freely associated state, tribal government, and local school-based surveys of representative sample middle and high school students in the US. The 2019 YRBSS participants comprised 13,605 students aged 12 to 18 years and roughly equal proportions of males and females (50.63% and 49.37%, respectively). RESULTS We observed a significant association (p < 0.05) between being bullied and depressive symptoms, and the association was more vital for youth bullied at school and electronically. Being bullied either at school or electronically was associated with suicidality, with a stronger association for youth who experienced being bullied in both settings. CONCLUSION Our findings shed light on assessing early signs of depression to prevent the formation of suicidality among bullied youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tran H Nguyen
- Department of Interdisciplinary Health Sciences, College of Allied Health, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Gulzar Shah
- Department of Health Policy and Community Health, Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA 30460, USA
| | - Maham Muzamil
- Department of Education, Kinnaird College for Women's University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Osaremhen Ikhile
- Department of Health Policy and Community Health, Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA 30460, USA
| | - Elizabeth Ayangunna
- Department of Health Policy and Community Health, Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA 30460, USA
| | - Ravneet Kaur
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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Wilson E, Crudgington H, Morgan C, Hirsch C, Prina M, Gayer-Anderson C. The longitudinal course of childhood bullying victimization and associations with self-injurious thoughts and behaviors in children and young people: A systematic review of the literature. J Adolesc 2023; 95:5-33. [PMID: 36210652 PMCID: PMC10092090 DOI: 10.1002/jad.12097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bullying victimization has consistently been highlighted as a risk factor for self-injurious thoughts and behaviors (SITBs) in young people. This systematic review of prospective, community-based studies explored associations between bullying victimization (traditional/face-to-face and cyber) across the full spectrum of self-harm and suicidality, in children and young people aged up to (and including) 25 years. Importantly, associations by sex/gender were explored. METHODS MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL and Scopus were searched for articles meeting the inclusion criteria. Articles were screened by title, abstract and full text. Quality appraisal was performed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for cohort studies. Data were synthesized narratively. The protocol is registered on PROSPERO (CRD42021261916) and followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines. RESULTS A total of 35 papers were included, across 17 countries. Results were presented by bullying type: traditional/face-to-face (n = 25), cyber (n = 7) and/or an aggregate of both types (n = 7). Outcomes included suicidal ideation (n = 17), self-harm (n = 10), suicide attempt (n = 4), NSSI (n = 4), other (n = 7). Studies measured outcomes in under 18s (n = 24), 18-25-year-olds (n = 8) and both under 18s and 18-25-year-olds (n = 3). Studies exploring the role of sex/gender (20%) found some interesting nuances. CONCLUSIONS Some weak to strong associations between bullying and SITBs were found yet conclusions are tentative due to study heterogeneity (e.g., methods used, conceptualizations and operationalisations of exposures/outcomes). Future research should address methodological issues raised in this review, and further explore gender differences in bullying, including by bullying sub-types (e.g., overt or relational) and victim status (e.g., victim or bully-victim).
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Wilson
- Department of Health Service & Population Research, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- ESRC Centre for Society and Mental Health, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Holly Crudgington
- Department of Health Service & Population Research, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- ESRC Centre for Society and Mental Health, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Craig Morgan
- Department of Health Service & Population Research, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- ESRC Centre for Society and Mental Health, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Colette Hirsch
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Bethlem Royal Hospital, Kent, UK
| | - Matthew Prina
- Department of Health Service & Population Research, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Charlotte Gayer-Anderson
- Department of Health Service & Population Research, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- ESRC Centre for Society and Mental Health, King's College London, London, UK
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13
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John A, Lee SC, Puchades A, Del Pozo-Baños M, Morgan K, Page N, Moore G, Murphy S. Self-harm, in-person bullying and cyberbullying in secondary school-aged children: A data linkage study in Wales. J Adolesc 2023; 95:97-114. [PMID: 36210647 DOI: 10.1002/jad.12102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although the evidence base on bullying victimization and self-harm in young people has been growing, most studies were cross-sectional, relied on self-reported non-validated measures of self-harm, and did not separate effects of in-person and cyberbullying. This study aimed to assess associations of self-harm following in-person bullying at school and cyberbullying victimization controlling for covariates. METHODS School survey data from 11 to 16 years pupils collected in 2017 from 39 Welsh secondary schools were linked to routinely collected data. Inverse probability weighting was performed to circumvent selection bias. Survival analyses for recurrent events were conducted to evaluate relative risks (adjusted hazard ratios [AHR]) of self-harm among bullying groups within 2 years following survey completion. RESULTS A total of 35.0% (weighted N = 6813) of pupils reported being bullied, with 18.1%, 6.4% and 10.5% being victims of in-person bullying at school only, cyberbullying only and both in-person bullying at school and cyberbullying respectively. Adjusting for covariates, effect sizes for self-harm were significant after being in-person bullied at school only (AHR = 2.2 [1.1-4.3]) and being both in-person bullied at school and cyberbullied (AHR = 2.2 [1.0-4.7]) but not being cyberbullied only (AHR = 1.2 [0.4-3.3]). Feeling lonely during recent summer holidays was also a robust predictor (AHR = 2.2 [1.2-4.0]). CONCLUSIONS We reaffirm the role of in-person bullying victimization on self-harm. Pupils were twice as likely to self-harm following in-person bullying as their nonvictimised peers. Interventions for young people that minimize the potential impacts of bullying on self-harm should also include strategies to prevent loneliness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann John
- Population Data Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, UK
- Public Health Wales, 2 Capital Quarter, Cardiff, UK
- Wolfson Centre for Young People's Mental Health, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Sze Chim Lee
- Population Data Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, UK
| | - Alice Puchades
- Population Data Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, UK
- Public Health Wales, 2 Capital Quarter, Cardiff, UK
| | - Marcos Del Pozo-Baños
- Population Data Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, UK
- Wolfson Centre for Young People's Mental Health, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Kelly Morgan
- Centre for Development, Evaluation, Complexity and Implementation in Public Health Improvement (DECIPHer), School of Social Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Nicholas Page
- Centre for Development, Evaluation, Complexity and Implementation in Public Health Improvement (DECIPHer), School of Social Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Graham Moore
- Wolfson Centre for Young People's Mental Health, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Centre for Development, Evaluation, Complexity and Implementation in Public Health Improvement (DECIPHer), School of Social Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Simon Murphy
- Wolfson Centre for Young People's Mental Health, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Centre for Development, Evaluation, Complexity and Implementation in Public Health Improvement (DECIPHer), School of Social Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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14
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Bullying in adolescence: how do emotional traits distinguish those involved? CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03956-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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15
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Guo D, Li C. Peer status buffers the detrimental Effects of peer victimization on School Burnout among chinese adolescents via negative cognition. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03867-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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16
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Zhou SJ, Wang LL, Wang TT, Wang JQ, Chen JX. Associations between experienced aggression, poor sleep, and suicide risk among Chinese adolescents. Sleep 2022; 45:6542305. [PMID: 35244179 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsac048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES The physical and mental health of adolescents is an important study area. This study aims to examine the occurrence of aggression, sleep disturbances, and suicide risk among Chinese adolescents, along with the relationships between these factors. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study conducted through an online survey. Of the original 7011 Chinese adolescent respondents, the analysis included data from 6122 adolescents, aged between 12 and 18 years, from 23 regions, whose average age was 16.12 (±1.44) years, with 48.8% being male. While the chi-square test and t-test were used for analyzing demographic data and continuous variables, respectively, mediation analysis was used to explore the mechanism of experiencing aggression on suicide risk. The respondents' sleep quality, nightmare distress, daytime sleepiness, fatigue, and suicide risk were assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Nightmare Distress Questionnaire-Chinese version (NDQ-CV), Chinese Adolescent Daytime Sleepiness Scale (CADSS), Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI-20), and the suicide risk module of the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI), respectively. Four items were used to assess adolescents' experiences with aggression. RESULTS Of the respondents, 42% reported experiencing aggression by others, especially parental physical maltreatment. Furthermore, 26.9% of adolescents in school, and in particular, 31.8% in senior high school experienced insomnia symptoms. Adolescents who reported experiences of aggression had more severe insomnia symptoms, nightmare distress, fatigue, and a higher risk of suicide when compared with those who did not (all ps < 0.001). Insomnia symptoms, nightmare distress, and fatigue all mediated the relationship between aggression and suicide risk, and there was a chain of mediating effects between these factors [for total indirect effect β = 1.1512, 95% CI (0.9671 to 1.3426), direct effect β = 0.4934, 95% CI (0.1978 to 0.7891), and total effect β = 1.6446, 95% CI (1.3479 to 1.9414)]. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that among adolescents, experiencing aggression is associated with an increased suicide risk. In addition to the direct effect of aggression on suicide risk, insomnia, nightmare distress, and fatigue mediate the relationship between aggression and suicide risk. More attention should be paid to adolescents experiencing aggression, and interventions should be implemented and strengthened.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang-Jiang Zhou
- Sleep Medicine Center, Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Lei-Lei Wang
- Sleep Medicine Center, Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Ting-Ting Wang
- School of Mental Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Jing-Qi Wang
- Binhai Eco-City School-Tianjin Nankai High School, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing-Xu Chen
- Sleep Medicine Center, Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, China
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17
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Whalen DJ, Hennefield L, Elsayed NM, Tillman R, Barch DM, Luby JL. Trajectories of Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors From Preschool Through Late Adolescence. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2022; 61:676-685. [PMID: 34506928 PMCID: PMC8898992 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2021.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STBs) represent a significant and escalating public health concern in youth. Evidence that STBs can emerge in the preschool years suggests that some pathways leading to clinically significant STBs begin early in life. METHOD This prospective longitudinal study examined the developmental trajectories of STBs in children from ages 3 to 17, oversampled for preschool-onset depression. RESULTS Three unique trajectories of STBs across childhood and adolescence were identified: low class (n = 273) characterized by low rates of STBs, early-persistent class (n = 21) characterized by steadily increasing STBs, and late-onset class (n = 21) characterized by low rates of STBs through age 10 followed by a dramatic increase from ages 11 to 14 years. Preschool measures of depression symptoms, externalizing symptoms, impulsivity, and lower income relative to needs were associated with both high-risk STB classes. Both high-risk STB classes reported greater functional impairment, more externalizing symptoms, and more cumulative stressful life events in adolescence relative to the low class; the late-onset class also reported poorer academic functioning relative to both the early-persistent and low classes. CONCLUSION A significant minority of this prospectively followed group of preschool children evidenced STBs by and/or after age 10. Although relatively rare before age 10, approximately half of the children who experienced STBs in adolescence first exhibited STBs in early childhood and comprised a trajectory suggesting increasing STBs. In contrast, approximately half of children first exhibited STBs in early adolescence. Early screening and identification of at-risk youth during both preschool and late childhood is important for early intervention regarding STBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana J Whalen
- Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Missouri.
| | | | | | - Rebecca Tillman
- Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Deanna M Barch
- Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Missouri; Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Joan L Luby
- Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Missouri
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18
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Hong JS, Espelage DL, Ostrov JM. Introduction to the Special Issue: Bullying and Its Linkage to Other Forms of Violence. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:5849-5856. [PMID: 35362351 DOI: 10.1177/08862605221085246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
As studies have documented, children and adolescents who are identified as bullies, bully victims, or both are at an elevated risk of being involved in other forms of violence, for example, dating violence and sexual violence. Moreover, those who are exposed to violence (e.g., exposure to community violence) have increased odds of being involved in bullying. This special issue brings together scholars from a variety of disciplines (e.g., psychology, criminology/criminal justice, and social work) to investigate how involvement in bullying and other forms of violence are interrelated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Sung Hong
- School of Social Work, 2954Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Dorothy L Espelage
- School of Education, 2331University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jamie M Ostrov
- Department of Psychology, 12292University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
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19
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Kwan C, Wong C, Chen Z, Yip PSF. Youth Bullying and Suicide: Risk and Protective Factor Profiles for Bullies, Victims, Bully-Victims and the Uninvolved. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19052828. [PMID: 35270521 PMCID: PMC8910292 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19052828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Bullying is closely associated with suicide. This study validates mixed evidence on whether young bullies, victims, bully-victims, and those uninvolved in bullying differ in suicidality, risk, protective factor profiles, and predictors of suicide. A total of 2004 Hong Kong adolescents and young adults completed the Hong Kong Online Survey on Youth Mental Health and Internet Usage in 2018. Bullies, victims, and bully victims, as opposed to the uninvolved, were found to possess higher tendencies of suicidal thoughts and behaviors. They had more distinct rather than overlapping risk and protective factor profiles yet shared psychological distress and diagnosis of a psychiatric disorder as common predictors of suicide. The results indicate that suicide screening assessments and training to detect common suicide predictors can benefit youngsters regardless of their bullying involvement. From the discussion, group-specific interventions include restorative justice approaches to promote reintegration and help-seeking among bullies, peer, and professional support programs geared towards lowering victim isolation and equipping gatekeepers such as teachers with skills to connect with both bullies and victims.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching Kwan
- HKJC Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, Hong Kong 999077, China; (C.K.); (C.W.)
| | - Clifford Wong
- HKJC Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, Hong Kong 999077, China; (C.K.); (C.W.)
| | - Zhansheng Chen
- Department of Psychology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China;
| | - Paul S. F. Yip
- HKJC Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, Hong Kong 999077, China; (C.K.); (C.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +852-2831-5232
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20
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Sandhu SK, Kouvroukoglou N, Campodonico M, Mehendale F. Lost in translation: a caution against using automated and commercial translation services for medical communications. BMJ Glob Health 2022; 7:bmjgh-2021-008067. [PMID: 35074789 PMCID: PMC8788188 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2021-008067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sanita Kaur Sandhu
- NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, UK
- School of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Niki Kouvroukoglou
- School of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Felicity Mehendale
- Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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21
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Yu Q, Wu S, Twayigira M, Luo X, Gao X, Shen Y, Long Y, Huang C, Shen Y. Prevalence and associated factors of school bullying among Chinese college students in Changsha, China. J Affect Disord 2022; 297:62-67. [PMID: 34655699 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND School bullying has attracted worldwide attention for its adverse outcomes; however, there is still a lack of research among college students. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of school bullying victimization and the associated factors among Chinese college students. METHODS 8098 Chinese college students from two universities in Hunan province were recruited in this cross-sectional study, and data on participants' demographic information, bullying history, suicidal behaviors, anxiety (Self-Rating Anxiety Scale) and depression (Self-reporting Depression Scale) were collected. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the independent correlates of school bullying. RESULTS The prevalence of school bullying was 8.03% in our study. Gender (OR,0.792;95%CI[0.660,0.950]; p = 0.012); depression (OR,1.979; 95%CI[1.359,2.883]; p < 0.001); anxiety (OR,1.996; 95%CI[1.388, 2.869]; p < 0.001); suicidal ideation (OR,1.353;95%CI[1.087,1.684]; p = 0.007); suicide attempts (OR,1.772;95%CI[1.306,2.403]; p < 0.001); family income between 30,000 and 70,000/year (yuan) (OR,0.763;95% CI[0.627,0.929]; p = 0.007) and family income more than 70,000/year (yuan) (OR,0.578;95%CI[0.461,0.725]; p < 0.001) were independent correlates of school bullying. The bullying score was positively correlated with physical or mental disorder history, family history of mental disorder, suicidal ideation, suicide plans, suicide attempts, anxiety, depression, smoking and drinking alcohol (all p < 0.05), and negatively correlated with right-handedness, good relationship with parents and family income (all p < 0.05). LIMITATIONS No causal relationship could be drawn due to the cross-sectional design. CONCLUSION School bullying is quite common among college students. In order to improve students' mental health and prevent suicide, we should pay attention to the negative effects of bullying victimization such as depression, anxiety, suicidal behaviors and so on, apart from putting in place anti-bullying interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianting Yu
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Autism Center of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Shuxian Wu
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Autism Center of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Mireille Twayigira
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Autism Center of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Xuerong Luo
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Autism Center of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Xueping Gao
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Autism Center of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Yidong Shen
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Autism Center of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Yicheng Long
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Autism Center of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Chunxiang Huang
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Autism Center of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.
| | - Yanmei Shen
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Autism Center of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.
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22
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Arango A, Clark M, King CA. Predicting the severity of peer victimization and bullying perpetration among youth with interpersonal problems: A 6-month prospective study. J Adolesc 2022; 94:57-68. [PMID: 35353403 DOI: 10.1002/jad.12005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Peer victimization is prevalent and associated with adverse outcomes. In this prospective study of youth who self-reported interpersonal problems, we examined school connectedness, school behavioral difficulties, academic difficulties, and internalizing problems (social anxiety, self-esteem, depression) as predictors of peer victimization and bullying perpetration severity. We also examined the moderating effects of gender. METHODS Participants were 218 youth (66.5% female), ages 12-15 years (M = 13.5, SD = 1.1), who screened positive for peer victimization, bullying perpetration, and/or low social connectedness using self-report measures. Youth were recruited from an emergency department in the United States as part of an intervention trial. Youth identified primarily as African American (53.7%) and Caucasian (31.7%). Youth completed a 6-month follow-up assessment (75% retention). Separate Bayesian regression models were used to examine the effects of baseline school connectedness, school behavioral difficulties, academic difficulties, and internalizing problems on the severity of 6-month peer victimization and bullying perpetration. RESULTS Baseline depression was positively related to both peer victimization and bullying perpetration severity. Baseline behavioral problems were positively related to bullying perpetration severity. Interactions indicated that gender moderated the relationship between school connectedness and peer victimization. CONCLUSIONS Given the adverse outcomes linked with peer victimization and bullying perpetration, an improved understanding of factors that predict victimization and perpetration severity may be helpful in defining intervention targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Arango
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Michael Clark
- Consulting for Statistics, Computing, and Analytics Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Cheryl A King
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Ng ED, Chua JYX, Shorey S. The Effectiveness of Educational Interventions on Traditional Bullying and Cyberbullying Among Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2022; 23:132-151. [PMID: 32588769 DOI: 10.1177/1524838020933867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In consideration of the adverse societal, physical, and psychological impacts of bullying on a child's development and future, many studies have developed anti-bullying programs and educational interventions to curb bullying occurrences. Therefore, this systematic review aimed to examine the effectiveness of such educational interventions at reducing the frequencies of traditional bullying or cyberbullying and cybervictimization among adolescents. A comprehensive search was conducted using PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Google Scholar, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses. Only quantitative studies that reported the effects of educational interventions on reducing the frequencies of traditional bullying or cyberbullying victimization and perpetration were included. Seventeen studies (Ntotal = 35,694 adolescents, Rangechild age = 10-18 years) were finalized, and meta-analyses were conducted using a random effect model. Overall, the existing educational interventions had very small to small effect sizes on traditional bullying and cyberbullying perpetration (traditional: standardized mean differences [SMD] = -.30 and cyber: SMD = -.16) and victimization (traditional: SMD = -18 and cyber: SMD = -.13) among adolescents. Type of intervention (i.e., whole school-based or classroom-based), program duration, and presence of parental involvement did not moderate program effectiveness, but cyberbullying programs were more effective when delivered by technology-savvy content experts compared to teachers. Since existing educational interventions were marginally effective in reducing bullying frequencies, further research is needed to identify key moderators that enhance educational programs or develop alternative forms of anti-bullying interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esperanza Debby Ng
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Shefaly Shorey
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Korkmaz YN, Arslan S, Buyuk SK. Bullying in individuals with cleft lip and palate: A Twitter analysis. Int J Clin Pract 2021; 75:e14856. [PMID: 34516711 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.14856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate bullying in individuals with cleft lip and/or palate (CLP) using Twitter analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS By using Twitter's advanced search feature, the four selected keywords; "bully", "bullying", "bullied" and "teased" were searched along with the terms "cleft lip and palate", "cleft lip" and "cleft palate", respectively. A total of 1010 tweets meeting the criteria were selected. The data were evaluated qualitatively using thematic analysis and the determination of the themes were based on this analysis. RESULTS Most of the tweets were posted by a layperson (80.8%), while most of the tweets were categorised in the theme "criticism of bullying" (36%). The tweets were distributed according to their uploader status as irrelevant individuals (60.6%), CLP subjects (26.9%), family of CLP subjects' (12.5%). Of the 1010 tweets evaluated, 707 were identified as negative, while 90 were identified as neutral and 213 were identified as positive. No significant differences were detected in retweet and like numbers between negative, neutral and positive comments (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS Twitter is an important platform, in which the bullying victims with CLP and their families feel free to share their personal experiences of being bullied and how they feel about it, while the others are standing against bullying and promoting social support for these individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasemin Nur Korkmaz
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Semiha Arslan
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
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Shu Y, Luo Z. Peer victimization and reactive aggression in junior high-school students: A moderated mediation model of retaliatory normative beliefs and self-perspective. Aggress Behav 2021; 47:583-592. [PMID: 34085295 DOI: 10.1002/ab.21982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Using an experimental design, we examined whether retaliatory normative beliefs mediated the relation between peer victimization and reactive aggression and whether self-perspective moderated the relations among peer victimization, retaliatory normative beliefs, and reactive aggressive behavior in a sample of 381 junior high-school students (165 girls) in Grades 7 and 8. Findings revealed that retaliatory normative beliefs fully mediated the relation between peer victimization and reactive aggression. Moreover, the mediating effect of retaliatory normative beliefs was moderated by self-perspective. Specifically, for the self-distanced group, peer victimization demonstrated a weaker impact on retaliatory normative beliefs than that of the self-immersed group and the control group. These results suggest that adolescents' beliefs about the acceptability of retaliatory aggression (rather than peer victimization) are directly associated with reactive aggression, and that self-distancing may be a protective factor against retaliatory normative beliefs and reactive aggression in provocative situations. The implications and limitations of these findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Shu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, School of Psychology Capital Normal University Beijing China
- Graduate School of Education Hokkaido University Hokkaido Japan
| | - Zheng Luo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, School of Psychology Capital Normal University Beijing China
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26
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Clemens V, Bürgin D, Huber-Lang M, Plener PL, Brähler E, Fegert JM. The Interplay between Child Maltreatment and Stressful Life Events during Adulthood and Cardiovascular Problems-A Representative Study. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10173937. [PMID: 34501385 PMCID: PMC8432252 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10173937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Psychological stress is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. While the relevance of early life stress, such as that which is due to child maltreatment (CM), is well known to impact individual stress responses in the long-term, and data on the interplay between CM and stressful events in adulthood on cardiovascular health are sparse. Here, we aimed to assess how stressful life events in adulthood are associated with cardiovascular health infarction in later life and whether this association is independent of CM. In a cross-sectional design, a probability sample of the German population above the age of 14 was drawn using different sampling steps. The final sample included 2510 persons (53.3% women, mean age: 48.4 years). Participants were asked about sociodemographic factors, adult life events, CM, and health conditions in adulthood. Results indicate that the number of experienced adverse life events in adulthood is associated with significantly increased odds for obesity (Odds Ration (OR)women = 1.6 [1.3; 2.0], ORmen = 1.4 [1.1; 1.9]), diabetes (ORwomen = 1.5 [1.1; 2.1], ORmen = 1.5 [1.1; 2.3]) and myocardial infarction (ORwomen = 2.1 [1.0; 4.3], ORmen = 1.8 [1.1; 2.8]). This association is not moderated by the experience of CM, which is associated with cardiovascular problems independently. Taken together, adult stressful life events and CM are significantly and independently associated with cardiovascular health in men and women in the German population in a dose-dependent manner. General practitioners, cardiologists and health policy-makers should be aware of this association between psychosocial stressors during childhood and adulthood and cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Clemens
- Department for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychotherapy, Steinhövelstraße 5, University of Ulm, 89075 Ulm, Germany; (P.L.P.); (J.M.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-731-500-61611
| | - David Bürgin
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychiatric Hospitals of the University of Basel, Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, 4002 Basel, Switzerland;
| | - Markus Huber-Lang
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Trauma Immunology, Ulm University Medical Centre, Helmholtzstraße 8/1, 89081 Ulm, Germany;
| | - Paul L. Plener
- Department for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychotherapy, Steinhövelstraße 5, University of Ulm, 89075 Ulm, Germany; (P.L.P.); (J.M.F.)
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Elmar Brähler
- Department for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Untere Zahlbacher Str. 8, 55131 Mainz, Germany;
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center (IFB) Adiposity Diseases-Behavioral Medicine, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Philipp-Rosenthal-Str. 27, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jörg M. Fegert
- Department for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychotherapy, Steinhövelstraße 5, University of Ulm, 89075 Ulm, Germany; (P.L.P.); (J.M.F.)
- Head of the Competence Area Mental Health Prevention Network Baden-Württemberg, Steinhövelstraße 5, 89075 Ulm, Germany
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O’Reilly LM, Pettersson E, Quinn PD, Klonsky ED, Baldwin JR, Lundström S, Larsson H, Lichtenstein P, D’Onofrio BM. A Co-Twin Control Study of the Association Between Bullying Victimization and Self-Harm and Suicide Attempt in Adolescence. J Adolesc Health 2021; 69:272-279. [PMID: 33478917 PMCID: PMC8286262 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the study was to investigate the magnitude of an independent association between bullying victimization and self-harm and suicide attempt in adolescence after adjusting for unmeasured and measured confounding factors. METHODS Using the Child and Adolescent Twin Study in Sweden, we examined twins born between 1994 and 1999 (n = 13,852). Twins self-reported bullying victimization at age 15 years and self-harm and suicide attempt at age 18 years. We created a factor score of 13 bullying items, on which self-harm and suicide attempt items were regressed in three models: (1) among unrelated individuals; (2) among co-twins, in which a twin exposed to more bullying was compared with his/her co-twin who was exposed to less; and (3) among co-twins while adjusting for indicators of childhood psychopathology. RESULTS Among unrelated individuals, a one standard deviation increase in bullying victimization was associated with increased odds for self-harm (odds ratio [OR], 1.29 [95% confidence interval, 1.23-1.36]) and suicide attempt (OR, 1.68 [1.53-1.85]). Among co-twins, the odds attenuated for self-harm (OR, 1.19 [1.09-1.30]) and suicide attempt (OR, 1.39 [1.17-1.66]). Finally, when accounting for childhood psychopathology, there was a 14% (1.04-1.25) and 25% (1.03-1.52) relative increase in odds of self-harm and suicide attempt, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that bullying victimization was uniquely associated with self-harm and suicide attempt over and above the confounding because of unmeasured and measured factors (i.e., familial vulnerability and pre-existing psychopathy). However, magnitudes were small, suggesting that additional interventions and screenings are needed to address suicidality apart from bullying interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M. O’Reilly
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, 1101 E. 10 St., Bloomington, IN, USA 47405,Corresponding Author: 1101 E. 10 St., Bloomington, IN 47405, Phone: (812) 856-0843, Fax: (812) 856-4544,
| | - Erik Pettersson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, SE
| | - Patrick D. Quinn
- Department of Applied Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, 809 E. 9 St., Bloomington, IN, USA 47408
| | - E. David Klonsky
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, 2136 West Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z4
| | - Jessie R. Baldwin
- Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, 26 Bedford Way, London, WC1H 0AP, UK,Social Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience King’s College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Sebastian Lundström
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry at Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Su Sahlgrenska, 413 45 Göteborg, SE
| | - Henrik Larsson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, SE,School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Campus USÖ S-701 82 Örebro, SE
| | - Paul Lichtenstein
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, SE
| | - Brian M. D’Onofrio
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, 1101 E. 10 St., Bloomington, IN, USA 47405,Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, SE
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Lie SØ, Bulik CM, Andreassen OA, Rø Ø, Bang L. The association between bullying and eating disorders: A case-control study. Int J Eat Disord 2021; 54:1405-1414. [PMID: 33942329 DOI: 10.1002/eat.23522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Childhood bullying is associated with a range of adverse mental health outcomes, and here we investigated the association between bullying exposure and eating disorders (EDs). METHOD In this case-control study, we compared bullying history in individuals with EDs with community controls. Participants (n = 890, mean age = 29.50 ± 10.60) completed an online self-report battery assessing bullying history and lifetime history of bulimia nervosa (BN), binge-eating disorder (BED), and anorexia nervosa (binge-eating/purging (AN-BP) or restrictive (AN-R) subtype). Logistic regressions were performed to estimate odds ratios (ORs). RESULTS In the combined ED sample, individuals with a history of any ED were significantly more likely than controls to have experienced bullying victimization during childhood or adolescence (ORs = 1.99-3.30), particularly verbal, indirect, and digital bullying. Bullying prior to ED onset was also significantly more common than bullying within the same time frame for controls (ORs = 1.75-2.16). Further analysis showed that these effects were due to individuals with BN or BED reporting significantly more lifetime (p < .001) and premorbid bullying (p = .002) than controls, while individuals in the other diagnostic subgroups did not differ significantly from controls. DISCUSSION Our results confirm an association between bullying and binge-eating/purging ED subtypes. Prospective studies are needed to establish bullying as a risk factor for EDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selma Ø Lie
- Regional Department for Eating Disorders, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Cynthia M Bulik
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Øyvind Rø
- Regional Department for Eating Disorders, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lasse Bang
- Regional Department for Eating Disorders, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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Seong E, Noh G, Lee KH, Lee JS, Kim S, Seo DG, Yoo JH, Hwang H, Choi CH, Han DH, Hong SB, Kim JW. Relationship of Social and Behavioral Characteristics to Suicidality in Community Adolescents With Self-Harm: Considering Contagion and Connection on Social Media. Front Psychol 2021; 12:691438. [PMID: 34326799 PMCID: PMC8315269 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.691438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A close link has been established between self-harm and suicide risk in adolescents, and increasing attention is given to social media as possibly involved in this relationship. It is important to identify indicators of suicidality (i.e., suicide ideation or attempt) including aspects related to contagion in online and offline social networks and explore the role of social media in the relationship between social circumstances and suicidality in young adolescents with self-harm. This study explored characteristics of Korean adolescents with a recent history of self-harm and identified how behavioral and social features explain lifetime suicidality with emphasis on the impact of social media. Data came from a nationwide online survey among sixth- to ninth-graders with self-harm during the past 12 months (n = 906). We used χ2 tests of independence to explore potential concomitants of lifetime suicidality and employed a multivariate logistic regression model to examine the relationship between the explanatory variables and suicidality. Sensitivity analyses were performed with lifetime suicide attempt in place of lifetime suicidality. 33.9% (n = 306) and 71.2% (n = 642) reported to have started self-harm by the time they were fourth- and six-graders, respectively; 44.3% (n = 400) reported that they have friends who self-harm. Having endorsed moderate/severe forms and multiple forms of self-harm (OR 5.36, p < 0.001; OR 3.13, p < 0.001), having engaged in self-harm for two years or more (OR 2.42, p = 0.001), having friends who self-harm (OR 1.92, p = 0.013), and having been bullied at school were associated with an increased odds of lifetime suicidality (OR 2.08, p = 0.004). Notably, having posted content about one's self-harm on social media during the past 12 months was associated with an increased odds of lifetime suicidality (OR 3.15, p < 0.001), whereas having seen related content in the same period was not. Sensitivity analyses yielded similar results with lifetime suicide attempt, supporting our findings from the logistic regression. The current study suggests that self-harm may be prevalent from early adolescence in South Korea with assortative gathering. The relationship of vulnerable adolescents' social circumstances to suicide risk may be compounded by the role of social media. As the role of social media can be linked to both risk (i.e., contagion) and benefit (i.e., social connection and support), pre-existing vulnerabilities alongside SH and what online communication centers on should be a focus of clinical attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunice Seong
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Gahye Noh
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyung Hwa Lee
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong-Sun Lee
- Department of Psychology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si, South Korea
| | - Sojung Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Hanyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong Gi Seo
- Department of Psychology, Hallym University, Chuncheon-si, South Korea
| | - Jae Hyun Yoo
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyunchan Hwang
- Department of Psychiatry, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chi-Hyun Choi
- Department of Psychiatry, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Doug Hyun Han
- Department of Psychiatry, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soon-Beom Hong
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Psychiatry and Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae-Won Kim
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Psychiatry and Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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30
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Lensch T, Clements-Nolle K, Oman RF, Evans WP, Lu M, Yang W. Adverse Childhood Experiences and Suicidal Behaviors Among Youth: The Buffering Influence of Family Communication and School Connectedness. J Adolesc Health 2021; 68:945-952. [PMID: 33039270 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The main objectives of this study were to determine (1) whether family communication and school connectedness offer protection against suicidal behaviors in the presence of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs; direct protective effect) and (2) whether family communication or school connectedness buffer the association between ACEs and suicidal behaviors (interacting protective effect) on the multiplicative and additive scales. METHODS Data were obtained from a western state's 2019 Youth Risk Behavior Survey that included 5,341 middle school and 4,980 high school participants. Generalized linear models were used to estimate whether family communication and school connectedness offered direct protection against suicidal behaviors or buffered the association between ACEs and suicidal behaviors using adjusted prevalence ratios and corresponding 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS Family communication and school connectedness offered direct protection against suicidal behaviors in the presence of ACEs (a 1-unit higher score was associated with a 32%-42% lower prevalence of suicidal behaviors for middle school youth and a 27%-39% lower prevalence of suicidal behaviors for high school youth). There was evidence that family communication and school connectedness buffered the association between ACEs and suicidal behaviors on the multiplicative scale. CONCLUSIONS The findings provide support for the development and implementation of interventions that build family communication and school connectedness to reduce suicidal behaviors. Furthermore, screening for trauma and suicidal behaviors is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Lensch
- School of Community Health Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, Nevada.
| | | | - Roy F Oman
- School of Community Health Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, Nevada
| | - William P Evans
- College of Education, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, Nevada
| | - Minggen Lu
- School of Community Health Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, Nevada
| | - Wei Yang
- School of Community Health Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, Nevada
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31
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Morales-Muñoz I, Upthegrove R, Mallikarjun PK, Broome MR, Marwaha S. Longitudinal Associations Between Cognitive Deficits in Childhood and Psychopathological Symptoms in Adolescence and Young Adulthood. JAMA Netw Open 2021; 4:e214724. [PMID: 33825839 PMCID: PMC8027911 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.4724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Cognitive deficits are core features of mental disorders and are important in predicting long-term prognosis. However, it is still unknown whether individual patterns of cognitive deficits predate specific mental disorders. OBJECTIVE To investigate the specificity of the associations of attention, working memory, and inhibition in childhood with borderline personality disorder (BPD), psychosis, depression, and hypomania in adolescence and young adulthood. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This cohort study obtained data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children in the United Kingdom. All pregnant women resident in Avon, United Kingdom, with an expected date of delivery from April 1, 1991, and December 31, 1992, were eligible. Data analysis was conducted from April 1 to September 30, 2020. The sample initially comprised 13 988 participants who were alive at 1 year of age. For this study, data were available for 6333 individuals reporting on any psychopathological measure at ages 11 to 12 years, 4903 individuals at ages 17 to 18 years, and 2963 individuals at 22 to 23 years. EXPOSURES Sustained attention, selective attention, and attentional control were assessed with the Test of Everyday Attention for Children at age 8 years, and working memory and inhibition were assessed at age 10 years with the Counting Span Task and the stop-signal paradigm, respectively. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Symptoms of BPD were assessed at ages 11 to 12 years, psychotic experiences and depression were examined at ages 17 to 18 years, and hypomania was examined at ages 22 to 23 years. RESULTS Among 5315 individuals included in the statistical analysis, 2551 (48.0%) were male and 2764 (52.0) were female. Higher sustained attention at 8 years was associated with decreased risk of BPD symptoms at ages 11 to 12 years (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.964; 95% CI, 0.933-0.996; P = .03), better performance on inhibition at age 10 years with decreased risk of psychotic experiences at ages 17 to 18 years (aOR, 0.938; 95% CI, 0.890-0.989; P = .02), higher sustained attention at age 8 years with decreased risk of depressive symptoms at ages 17 to 18 years (aOR, 0.969; 95% CI 0.938-0.9997; P = .048), and better performance in working memory at age 10 years with decreased risk of hypomania symptoms at ages 22 to 23 years (aOR, 0.694; 95% CI, 0.529-0.911; P = .008). After controlling for potential psychopathological overlay, all the associations remained, except for working memory and hypomania. Higher sustained attention at age 8 years was associated with decreased risk of BPD symptoms at ages 11 to 12 years (β = -0.05; P < .001) and of depression at ages 17 to 18 years (β = -0.03; P = .04), and better performance in inhibition at age 10 years was associated with decreased risk of psychotic experiences at ages 17 to 18 years (β = -0.03; P = .04). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE These findings suggest that specific cognitive deficits in childhood are distinctively associated with different psychopathological symptoms in young people. Furthermore, these results suggest the potential of early cognitive interventions in childhood as a way of modifying or attenuating risk for subsequent psychopathological symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Morales-Muñoz
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute for Mental Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Upthegrove
- Institute for Mental Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Early Intervention Service, Birmingham Women’s and Children’s NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Pavan K. Mallikarjun
- Institute for Mental Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Early Intervention Service, Birmingham Women’s and Children’s NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew R. Broome
- Institute for Mental Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Early Intervention Service, Birmingham Women’s and Children’s NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Steven Marwaha
- Institute for Mental Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Specialist Mood Disorders Clinic, Zinnia Centre, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Bullying Across Late Childhood and Early Adolescence: A Prospective Cohort of Students Assessed Annually From Grades 3 to 8. Acad Pediatr 2021; 21:344-351. [PMID: 33096287 DOI: 10.1016/j.acap.2020.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Bullying is a well-established risk factor for common adolescent mental disorders. Yet there has been little published on how patterns of bullying change across late childhood and early adolescence. We estimated the prevalence and patterns of being a victim of bullying across this period including changes with the transition from primary to secondary school. METHODS A stratified random sample of 1239 Grade 3 students was recruited from 43 primary schools in Melbourne, Australia. Bullying frequency and form were assessed annually between Grades 3 and 8, and categorized into 5 groups: physical, verbal, spreading rumors, social exclusion, and cyber, together with multiform bullying. RESULTS Rates of bullying were high across these Grades with 86% of students reporting bullying at least once in the past 4 weeks at any wave, 66% reporting frequent bullying and 37% reporting frequent multiform bullying. The commonest form of bullying was teasing, with cyberbullying the least common. For boys, there were marked falls in bullying with increasing age whereas for girls, bullying persisted at high levels into secondary school, with relational bullying the dominant pattern and cyberbullying increasing sharply in the early teens. Generally, the transition to secondary education brought lower risks for all forms of bullying. CONCLUSIONS We found high rates of bullying across late childhood and early adolescence in both sexes, but more persistent bullying in girls. Declines across primary school and with the transition to secondary school suggest the potential for intervention across these grades to further reduce the prevalence of bullying.
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Eugene DR, Crutchfield J, Robinson ED. An Examination of Peer Victimization and Internalizing Problems through a Racial Equity Lens: Does School Connectedness Matter? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18031085. [PMID: 33530481 PMCID: PMC7908093 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18031085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Although research has given ample consideration to the association between peer victimization and internalizing problems, little is known about the mediating and moderating influences on this relationship. This study investigated whether peer victimization at age 9 indirectly related to internalizing problems at age 15 via school connectedness and whether the direct and indirect associations between peer victimization and internalizing problems were moderated by race. Data were drawn from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study, which included 2467 adolescents. The sample was equally divided between male and female and 82% identified as Black and Hispanic. Results indicated that the predictive effect of peer victimization over a 6-year period on teen depression and anxiety was explained by increased school connectedness. Furthermore, there was a moderating effect of race on the direct effect of school connectedness and teen depression and anxiety. For both White and ethnic minority youth, increased school connectedness was associated with less teen depression and anxiety. However, this effect was weaker for ethnic minority students in comparison to White students in both moderated mediation models. The moderated mediation results for teen anxiety showed a greater differential effect among race. The findings have important implications, which are discussed.
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34
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Choi JK, Teshome T, Smith J. Neighborhood disadvantage, childhood adversity, bullying victimization, and adolescent depression: A multiple mediational analysis. J Affect Disord 2021; 279:554-562. [PMID: 33152559 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Each of the home, school, and neighborhood environmental factors for adolescent depression has received substantial attention in the literature; however, there remains a paucity of research which systematically examines the mechanisms whereby neighborhood structural and social characteristics in early childhood affects later depressive symptoms in adolescence as transmitted through family and school adversities. METHODS The present study used nationally representative sampled data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study, a longitudinal survey following a cohort of 4,898 children along with their parents and teachers at the child's birth and at 1, 3, 5, 9, and 15 years of age. Public and restricted-use data were used to merge individual surveys and neighborhood profiles. RESULTS Our findings suggest that both neighborhood structural disadvantage and collective efficacy have direct impacts on adverse childhood experiences, bullying victimization, and social emotional development as well as indirect impacts on adolescents' depressive symptoms. Neighborhood collective efficacy, but not structural disadvantage, was found to directly contribute to later depressive symptoms of adolescents. LIMITATIONS Resilience factors such as familial support and stable relationships were not considered in the current study. Due to the unavailability of data, potential reciprocal relationships among peer bullying, social emotional problems, and depressive symptoms were not examined. CONCLUSIONS Our finding that neighborhood characteristics contribute to the development of adolescents' depression emphasizes the importance of a healthy neighborhood environment, which also provides implications for multi-faceted interventions to promote neighborhood resources and support systems, as well as community-wide bullying prevention programs and childhood adversity screenings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Kyun Choi
- Associate Professor, Department of Child, Youth, and Family Studies, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska.
| | - Tamrat Teshome
- Doctoral Student, Department of Child, Youth, and Family Studies, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska
| | - John Smith
- Doctoral Student, Department of Child, Youth, and Family Studies, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska
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Delfabbro PH, Malvaso C, Winefield AH, Winefield HR. Socio‐demographic, health, and psychological correlates of suicidality severity in Australian adolescents. AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/ajpy.12104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul H. Delfabbro
- School of Psychology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia,
| | - Catia Malvaso
- School of Psychology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia,
| | - Anthony H. Winefield
- School of Psychology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia,
- School of Psychology, Social Work and Social Policy, University of South Australia, Magill, South Australia, Australia,
| | - Helen R. Winefield
- School of Psychology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia,
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Delfabbro P, Winefield H, Winefield A, Malvaso C, Plueckhahn T. Factors Associated With Attrition in a 10‐year Longitudinal Study of Young People: Implications for Studies of Employment in School Leavers. AUSTRALIAN PSYCHOLOGIST 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/ap.12207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Brown D, Negris O, Gupta R, Herbert L, Lombard L, Bozen A, Assa'ad A, Chura A, Andy-Nweye AB, Fox S, Mahdavinia M, Tobin M, Robinson A, Sharma H, Coleman A, Jiang J, Bilaver L, Fierstein JL, Galic I, Newmark P, Pongracic JA, Pappalardo AA, Warren C. Food allergy-related bullying and associated peer dynamics among Black and White children in the FORWARD study. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2020; 126:255-263.e1. [PMID: 33157272 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2020.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The experiences of Black children with food allergy (FA) are not well characterized, particularly with respect to bullying victimization and other psychosocial outcomes. OBJECTIVE To evaluate bullying experiences of Black and White children with FA, including associations with peer relationships, anxiety, and school policies. METHODS Surveys were administered to parents of 252 children with physician-diagnosed FA enrolled in the multisite FORWARD cohort. The surveys assessed demographics, atopic disease, bullying victimization, and school FA management practices and policies. Descriptive statistics of bullying by race were compared by χ2 tests. Multiple logistic regression analyses adjusting for race, age, parental education, household income, child sex, and multi-FA compared adjusted probabilities of bullying victimization by school policies. RESULTS Nearly 20% of school-aged children were bullied for FA with no substantial racial differences overall, though for children ages 11 years and up, White children reported higher rates of bullying. However, Black children experienced non-FA-related bullying twice as frequently as White children (38.6% vs 17.7%; P = .002). Most of the caregivers (85.7%) who intervened in their child's bullying reported that it was helpful. Among parents, 17.3% reported that they were teased or bullied owing to their child's FA. More than half of the respondents (54.8%) reported that some allergens are banned from their child's school, most typically peanut. In schools banning peanuts, FA-related bullying was less frequently reported by all students who have food allergy. CONCLUSION Bullying owing to FA is common, and caregivers, medical professionals, and school administrators can help reduce bullying by screening for bullying and supporting and educating school policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dannielle Brown
- Center for Food Allergy and Asthma Research, Institute for Public Health and Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Olivia Negris
- Center for Food Allergy and Asthma Research, Institute for Public Health and Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ruchi Gupta
- Center for Food Allergy and Asthma Research, Institute for Public Health and Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
| | - Linda Herbert
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's National Health Systems, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Lisa Lombard
- Center for Food Allergy and Asthma Research, Institute for Public Health and Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Alexandria Bozen
- Center for Food Allergy and Asthma Research, Institute for Public Health and Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Amal Assa'ad
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Annika Chura
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | | | - Susan Fox
- Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Mary Tobin
- Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Adam Robinson
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's National Health Systems, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Hemant Sharma
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's National Health Systems, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Amaziah Coleman
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's National Health Systems, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Jialing Jiang
- Center for Food Allergy and Asthma Research, Institute for Public Health and Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Lucy Bilaver
- Center for Food Allergy and Asthma Research, Institute for Public Health and Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jamie L Fierstein
- Center for Food Allergy and Asthma Research, Institute for Public Health and Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Isabel Galic
- Center for Food Allergy and Asthma Research, Institute for Public Health and Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Pamela Newmark
- Center for Food Allergy and Asthma Research, Institute for Public Health and Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jacqueline A Pongracic
- Center for Food Allergy and Asthma Research, Institute for Public Health and Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Christopher Warren
- Center for Food Allergy and Asthma Research, Institute for Public Health and Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
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Wang Q. Association of Childhood Intrafamilial Aggression and Childhood Peer Bullying With Adult Depressive Symptoms in China. JAMA Netw Open 2020; 3:e2012557. [PMID: 32749469 PMCID: PMC7403920 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.12557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Childhood intrafamilial aggression, a series of aggressive behaviors inflicted by family members, and adulthood mental health are associated with childhood peer bullying (eg, in the neighborhood or in school). However, few studies have been able to identify the contribution of childhood peer bullying to the association between childhood intrafamilial aggression and adult depression. OBJECTIVE To examine the mediating role of childhood peer bullying in the association between childhood intrafamilial aggression and depression in adulthood. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This population-based cross-sectional study used data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Middle-aged and older adults (≥45 years) participated in a CHARLS wave from July 1 to September 30, 2015, and the CHARLS life history survey from June 1 to December 31, 2014, with complete data. A 4-step mediation model with logistic regression was run to test the mediating role of peer bullying. Data analysis was performed from October 1 to 30, 2019. EXPOSURES Childhood intrafamilial aggression, including parental physical maltreatment and sibling aggression, and peer bullying. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Depressive symptoms measured by a categorical variable derived from the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, based on a cutoff score of 12. RESULTS Among the 15 450 respondents (mean [SD] age, 59.5 [9.9] years; 7987 women [51.7%]), 4422 (28.6%) were exposed to parental physical maltreatment; 986 (6.4%), to sibling aggression; and 2504 (16.2%), to peer bullying in childhood. Respondents experiencing intrafamilial aggression were more likely to be bullied by peers (parental physical maltreatment odds ratio [OR], 2.53 [95% CI, 2.25-2.83]; sibling aggression OR, 3.05 [95% CI, 2.46-3.78]). Children with these adverse experiences were at a higher risk of adult depression symptoms (parental physical maltreatment OR, 1.28 [95% CI, 1.15-1.42]; sibling aggression OR, 1.40 [95% CI, 1.13-1.74]; peer bullying OR, 1.78 [95% CI, 1.56-2.01]). Peer bullying mediated 30% (95% CI, 19%-42%) of the association between childhood parental maltreatment and adult depression and 35% (95% CI, 15%-54%) of the association between sibling aggression and depression symptoms in adulthood. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This study found that being bullied by peers was a mediator of the association between childhood intrafamilial aggression and depression in adulthood. The findings have important implications to mitigate the effect of early-life stress and promote life-course mental health through dealing with childhood intrafamilial aggression and peer bullying experiences coordinately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wang
- School of Public Health, Cheeloo Collage of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Institute for Medical Dataology, Cheeloo Collage of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Pudong Institute for Health Development, Shanghai, China
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Flouri E, Lewis G, Francesconi M. Trajectories of internalising and externalising symptoms and inflammation in the general child population. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2020; 118:104723. [PMID: 32479966 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.104723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevations in inflammatory marker levels have been shown to precede internalising and externalising problems in the general child population. One study has found the reverse, that elevations in inflammatory marker levels in childhood follow internalising and externalising problems. However, the authors did not explore the role of the course of these problems in childhood or adjust for a number of potential confounders including psychosocial stressors and prenatal and perinatal exposures. AIMS To investigate the association in childhood between the growth of internalising and externalising symptoms and levels of inflammatory markers, while accounting for potential confounders. METHODS Using data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, we tested the association between the trajectories of internalising (emotional and social) and externalising (hyperactivity and conduct) problems, at ages 4, 6, 8 and 9 years, and levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) at age 9 years. We analysed data (n = 4525) using latent growth curve modelling and linear regression. RESULTS Children who had increasing levels of internalising symptoms over childhood were more likely to have higher levels of CRP and IL-6 at 9 years of age, even after adjustment for confounders. A one-unit increase in the rate of annual change of internalising symptoms was related to an increase of 12% and 8% in the level of CRP and IL-6, respectively. However, there was no evidence for an association between externalising symptoms and either inflammatory marker. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first step towards identifying a robust pathway, via increases in emotional and social difficulties, to elevated inflammation in healthy children. This association, if causal, suggests that effective interventions for children experiencing chronic emotional and social difficulties could also have physical health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirini Flouri
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, UCL Institute of Education, University College London, UK.
| | - Glyn Lewis
- Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, UK
| | - Marta Francesconi
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, UCL Institute of Education, University College London, UK
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Bonell C, Dodd M, Allen E, Bevilacqua L, McGowan J, Opondo C, Sturgess J, Elbourne D, Warren E, Viner RM. Broader impacts of an intervention to transform school environments on student behaviour and school functioning: post hoc analyses from the INCLUSIVE cluster randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e031589. [PMID: 32414817 PMCID: PMC7232400 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-031589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have previously reported benefits for reduced bullying, smoking, alcohol and other drug use and mental health from a trial of 'Learning Together', an intervention that aimed to modify school environments and implement restorative practice and a social and emotional skill curriculum. OBJECTIVES To conduct post hoc theory-driven analyses of broader impacts. DESIGN Cluster randomised trial. SETTINGS 40 state secondary schools in southern England. PARTICIPANTS Students aged 11/12 years at baseline. OUTCOMES Student self-reported measures at 24 and 36 months of: cyberbullying victimisation and perpetration; observations of other students perpetrating aggressive behaviours at school; own perpetration of aggressive behaviours in and outside school; perceived lack of safety at school; participation in school disciplinary procedures; truancy and e-cigarette use. RESULTS We found evidence of multiple impacts on other health (reduced e-cigarette use, cyberbullying perpetration, perpetration of aggressive behaviours) and educational (reduced participation in school disciplinary procedures and truancy) outcomes. CONCLUSION These analyses suggested that the intervention was effective in bringing about a broader range of beneficial outcomes, adding to the evidence that the intervention is a promising approach to promote adolescent health via an intervention that is attractive to schools. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ISRCTN10751359.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Bonell
- Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Matthew Dodd
- Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Elizabeth Allen
- Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | | | | | - Charles Opondo
- Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Joanna Sturgess
- Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Diana Elbourne
- Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- EPH, LSHTM, London, UK
| | - Emily Warren
- Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Russell M Viner
- Population, Policy and Practice Research Programme, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- Institute of Child Health, University College London, Londn, UK
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41
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Chen YL, Ho HY, Hsiao RC, Lu WH, Yen CF. Correlations between Quality of Life, School Bullying, and Suicide in Adolescents with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17093262. [PMID: 32392842 PMCID: PMC7246627 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17093262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Although adolescents with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have a higher risk of suicidality and more problems related to school bullying, and quality of life (QoL) is reportedly associated with school bullying, suicide, and ADHD, no study has examined their correlation. This study examined the complex relationships between QoL, school bullying, suicide, and ADHD symptoms. A total of 203 adolescents with ADHD aged between 12 and 18 years were recruited. School bullying and QoL were examined using the Chinese version of the School Bullying Experience Questionnaire and the Taiwanese Quality of Life Questionnaire for Adolescents. Network model analysis was conducted to graphically present their relationships. We identified triangular correlations between school bullying, QoL, and suicidality, indicating possible pathways from school bullying to suicidality, and the originating or mediating roles of personal competence and psychological well-being. Furthermore, the ADHD symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity may differentially regulate these pathways. Longitudinal studies are warranted to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Lung Chen
- Department of Healthcare Administration, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan; (Y.-L.C.); (H.-Y.H.)
- Department of Psychology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Ying Ho
- Department of Healthcare Administration, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan; (Y.-L.C.); (H.-Y.H.)
| | - Ray C. Hsiao
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Children’s Hospital, Seattle, WA 98105, USA;
| | - Wei-Hsin Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chia-Yi City 60002, Taiwan
- Department of Senior Citizen Service Management, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan 71710, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (W.-H.L.); (C.-F.Y.); Tel.: +886-5-2765041 (W.-H.L.); +886-7-3121101 (ext. 6816) (C.-F.Y.)
| | - Cheng-Fang Yen
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (W.-H.L.); (C.-F.Y.); Tel.: +886-5-2765041 (W.-H.L.); +886-7-3121101 (ext. 6816) (C.-F.Y.)
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42
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Jiang S. Psychological well-being and distress in adolescents: An investigation into associations with poverty, peer victimization, and self-esteem. CHILDREN AND YOUTH SERVICES REVIEW 2020; 111:104824. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.104824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
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43
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Pace U, D'Urso G, Fontanesi L. The Vicissitudes of Homophobic Victimization in Adolescence: An Explorative Study. Front Psychol 2020; 11:43. [PMID: 32038442 PMCID: PMC6987250 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the role of parental and peer relationships’ quality on homophobic victimization and possible consequences on mental health during adolescence. Participants were 394 adolescents, (41.6% male and 58.4% female) aged 15–20 years (M = 16.55; SD = 0.85), attending the third and fourth classes of public high schools in Italy. Participants completed the Homophobic Bullying Scale to evaluate homophobic victimization toward gays and lesbians or assumed homosexuals, the Symptom Check-list-90 to evaluate mental health, and the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment to investigate the quality of peer and parental relationships (in terms of communication, disaffection, and trust). Results show how the quality of peer relationships is not connected with victimization, but the quality of parental relationships is linked with homophobic victimization. Finally, the victimization is connected with anxiety and somatization problems. Theoretical and educational implications were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugo Pace
- Faculty of Human and Social Science, Kore University of Enna, Enna, Italy
| | - Giulio D'Urso
- Faculty of Human and Social Science, Kore University of Enna, Enna, Italy
| | - Lilybeth Fontanesi
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Health and Territory, Università degli Studi "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti - Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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Mulder RH, Walton E, Neumann A, Houtepen LC, Felix JF, Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ, Suderman M, Tiemeier H, van IJzendoorn MH, Relton CL, Cecil CAM. Epigenomics of being bullied: changes in DNA methylation following bullying exposure. Epigenetics 2020; 15:750-764. [PMID: 31992121 PMCID: PMC7574379 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2020.1719303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bullying among children is ubiquitous and associated with pervasive mental health problems. However, little is known about the biological pathways that change after exposure to bullying. Epigenome-wide changes in DNA methylation in peripheral blood were studied from pre- to post measurement of bullying exposure, in a longitudinal study of the population-based Generation R Study and Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (combined n = 1,352). Linear mixed-model results were meta-analysed to estimate how DNA methylation changed as a function of exposure to bullying. Sensitivity analyses including co-occurring child characteristics and risks were performed, as well as a Gene Ontology analysis. A candidate follow-up was employed for CpG (cytosine-phosphate-guanine) sites annotated to 5-HTT and NR3C1. One site, cg17312179, showed small changes in DNA methylation associated to bullying exposure (b = -2.67e-03, SE = 4.97e-04, p = 7.17e-08). This site is annotated to RAB14, an oncogene related to Golgi apparatus functioning, and its methylation levels decreased for exposed but increased for non-exposed. This result was consistent across sensitivity analyses. Enriched Gene Ontology pathways for differentially methylated sites included cardiac function and neurodevelopmental processes. Top CpG sites tended to have overall low levels of DNA methylation, decreasing in exposed, increasing in non-exposed individuals. There were no gene-wide corrected findings for 5-HTT and NR3C1. This is the first study to identify changes in DNA methylation associated with bullying exposure at the epigenome-wide significance level. Consistent with other population-based studies, we do not find evidence for strong associations between bullying exposure and DNA methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa H Mulder
- Institute of Education and Child Studies, Leiden University , Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam , Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam , Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Esther Walton
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol , Bristol, UK.,Department of Psychology, University of Bath , Bath, UK
| | - Alexander Neumann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam , Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam , Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital , Montreal, Qc, Canada
| | - Lotte C Houtepen
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol , Bristol, UK
| | - Janine F Felix
- Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam , Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam , Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam , Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Matthew Suderman
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol , Bristol, UK
| | - Henning Tiemeier
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam , Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Social and Behavioral Science, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health , Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marinus H van IJzendoorn
- Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam , Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge , Cambridge, UK
| | - Caroline L Relton
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol , Bristol, UK
| | - Charlotte A M Cecil
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam , Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam , Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry & Neuroscience, King's College London , London, UK
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45
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Involvement in Physical Fights among School Attending Adolescents: A Nationally Representative Sample from Kuwait. Behav Sci (Basel) 2020; 10:bs10010029. [PMID: 31936281 PMCID: PMC7016681 DOI: 10.3390/bs10010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Interpersonal violence in school settings is an important public health problem worldwide. This study investigated the individual and social correlates for being involved in a physical fight amongst a nationally representative sample of school-attending adolescents in Kuwait. Methods: We carried out bivariate and multivariate analyses to determine the strength and direction of associations with adolescent involvement in problematic fighting behavior within a 12-month recall period. Results: Within a total sample of 3637, n = 877 (25.2%) of school-attending adolescents reported being involved in two or more physical fights during the recall period. The multivariate analysis indicated that being male (OR = 2.71; CI = 1.88–3.90), a victim of bullying (OR = 2.77; CI = 2.14–3.58), truancy (OR = 2.52; CI = 1.91–3.32), planning a suicide (OR = 2.04; CI = 1.49–2.78) and food deprivation (OR = 1.91; CI = 1.37–2.65) were associated with an increased risk of involvement in physical fighting. Peer support in the form of having close friends (OR = 0.85; CI = 0.76–0.96) was found to be associated with a reduced involvement in fighting behavior. Conclusion: The results, when taken together, suggest that supportive school environments may represent important settings for violence mitigation and prevention strategies.
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46
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Zhang GB, Wang GF, Han AZ, Xu N, Xie GD, Chen LR, Su PY. Association between different stages of precollege school bullying and murder-related psychological behaviors among college students in Anhui Province, China. Psychiatry Res 2019; 282:112593. [PMID: 31630040 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2019.112593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about the relationship between precollege school bullying and murder-related psychological behaviors. The present study aims to examine that relationship in Chinese college students using a cross-sectional study. Self-report data were collected from 4034 college students in Anhui Province using a proportional stratified cluster sampling method. Four types of school bullying (i.e., physical, verbal, relational, and cyber) with bullies and victims and two periods (i.e., primary and secondary) were measured. The prevalence rates of murderous ideation, plans, preparation, and attempts were 6.9%, 2.5%, 1.8%, 1.4%, respectively. Different stages of precollege cyber bullying were associated with murder-related psychological behaviors for both bullies (primary: AORs = 2.78 to 15.67; secondary: AORs = 2.43 to 9.99; both periods: AORs = 2.26 to 14.04) and victims (primary: AORs = 2.87 to 16.57; secondary: AORs = 1.89 to 4.49; both periods: AORs = 3.68 to 21.48). A dose-response relationship was found, such that college students with a bullying perpetration index of two types and more were more likely to have murder-related psychological behaviors than those who were not bullied. Notably, both primary and secondary school bullying, especially cyber forms, were more likely to be associated with murder-related psychological behaviors. Therefore, it is necessary to develop school bullying preventive measures beginning in primary school.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Bao Zhang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Geng-Fu Wang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - A-Zhu Han
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Nuo Xu
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Guo-Die Xie
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Li-Ru Chen
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Pu-Yu Su
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China.
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Goldstein SE, Lee CS, Gunn JF, Bradley S, Lummer S, Boxer P. Susceptibility to peer influence during middle school: Links with social support, peer harassment, and gender. PSYCHOLOGY IN THE SCHOOLS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pits.22309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara E. Goldstein
- Department of Family Science and Human DevelopmentMontclair State UniversityMontclair New Jersey
| | - Chih‐Yuan Steven Lee
- Department of Family Science and Human DevelopmentMontclair State UniversityMontclair New Jersey
| | - John F. Gunn
- Department of Family Science and Human DevelopmentMontclair State UniversityMontclair New Jersey
| | - Shaniqua Bradley
- Department of Family Science and Human DevelopmentMontclair State UniversityMontclair New Jersey
| | - Shannon Lummer
- Department of Family Science and Human DevelopmentMontclair State UniversityMontclair New Jersey
| | - Paul Boxer
- Department of PsychologyRutgers UniversityNewark New Jersey
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Bonell C, Allen E, Warren E, McGowan J, Bevilacqua L, Jamal F, Sadique Z, Legood R, Wiggins M, Opondo C, Mathiot A, Sturgess J, Paparini S, Fletcher A, Perry M, West G, Tancred T, Scott S, Elbourne D, Christie D, Bond L, Viner RM. Modifying the secondary school environment to reduce bullying and aggression: the INCLUSIVE cluster RCT. PUBLIC HEALTH RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.3310/phr07180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundBullying, aggression and violence among children and young people are some of the most consequential public mental health problems.ObjectivesThe INCLUSIVE (initiating change locally in bullying and aggression through the school environment) trial evaluated the Learning Together intervention, which involved students in efforts to modify their school environment using restorative approaches and to develop social and emotional skills. We hypothesised that in schools receiving Learning Together there would be lower rates of self-reported bullying and perpetration of aggression and improved student biopsychosocial health at follow-up than in control schools.DesignINCLUSIVE was a cluster randomised trial with integral economic and process evaluations.SettingForty secondary schools in south-east England took part. Schools were randomly assigned to implement the Learning Together intervention over 3 years or to continue standard practice (controls).ParticipantsA total of 6667 (93.6%) students participated at baseline and 5960 (83.3%) students participated at final follow-up. No schools withdrew from the study.InterventionSchools were provided with (1) a social and emotional curriculum, (2) all-staff training in restorative approaches, (3) an external facilitator to help convene an action group to revise rules and policies and to oversee intervention delivery and (4) information on local needs to inform decisions.Main outcome measuresSelf-reported experience of bullying victimisation (Gatehouse Bullying Scale) and perpetration of aggression (Edinburgh Study of Youth Transitions and Crime school misbehaviour subscale) measured at 36 months. Intention-to-treat analysis using longitudinal mixed-effects models.ResultsPrimary outcomes – Gatehouse Bullying Scale scores were significantly lower among intervention schools than among control schools at 36 months (adjusted mean difference –0.03, 95% confidence interval –0.06 to 0.00). There was no evidence of a difference in Edinburgh Study of Youth Transitions and Crime scores. Secondary outcomes – students in intervention schools had higher quality of life (adjusted mean difference 1.44, 95% confidence interval 0.07 to 2.17) and psychological well-being scores (adjusted mean difference 0.33, 95% confidence interval 0.00 to 0.66), lower psychological total difficulties (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire) score (adjusted mean difference –0.54, 95% confidence interval –0.83 to –0.25), and lower odds of having smoked (odds ratio 0.58, 95% confidence interval 0.43 to 0.80), drunk alcohol (odds ratio 0.72, 95% confidence interval 0.56 to 0.92), been offered or tried illicit drugs (odds ratio 0.51, 95% confidence interval 0.36 to 0.73) and been in contact with police in the previous 12 months (odds ratio 0.74, 95% confidence interval 0.56 to 0.97). The total numbers of reported serious adverse events were similar in each arm. There were no changes for staff outcomes. Process evaluation – fidelity was variable, with a reduction in year 3. Over half of the staff were aware that the school was taking steps to reduce bullying and aggression. Economic evaluation – mean (standard deviation) total education sector-related costs were £116 (£47) per pupil in the control arm compared with £163 (£69) in the intervention arm over the first two facilitated years, and £63 (£33) and £74 (£37) per pupil, respectively, in the final, unfacilitated, year. Overall, the intervention was associated with higher costs, but the mean gain in students’ health-related quality of life was slightly higher in the intervention arm. The incremental cost per quality-adjusted life year was £13,284 (95% confidence interval –£32,175 to £58,743) and £1875 (95% confidence interval –£12,945 to £16,695) at 2 and 3 years, respectively.LimitationsOur trial was carried out in urban and periurban settings in the counties around London. The large number of secondary outcomes investigated necessitated multiple statistical testing. Fidelity of implementation of Learning Together was variable.ConclusionsLearning Together is effective across a very broad range of key public health targets for adolescents.Future workFurther studies are required to assess refined versions of this intervention in other settings.Trial registrationCurrent Controlled Trials ISRCTN10751359.FundingThis project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Public Health Research programme and will be published in full inPublic Health Research; Vol. 7, No. 18. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information. Additional funding was provided by the Educational Endowment Foundation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Bonell
- Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Elizabeth Allen
- Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Emily Warren
- Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Jennifer McGowan
- Institute of Child Health, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Leonardo Bevilacqua
- Institute of Child Health, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Farah Jamal
- Department of Social Science, University College London Institute of Education, London, UK
| | - Zia Sadique
- Department of Health Services Research and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Rosa Legood
- Department of Health Services Research and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Meg Wiggins
- Department of Social Science, University College London Institute of Education, London, UK
| | - Charles Opondo
- Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Anne Mathiot
- Institute of Child Health, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Joanna Sturgess
- Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Sara Paparini
- Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Adam Fletcher
- School of Social Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - Grace West
- Institute of Child Health, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Tara Tancred
- Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Stephen Scott
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Diana Elbourne
- Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Deborah Christie
- University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Lyndal Bond
- College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Russell M Viner
- Institute of Child Health, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
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Paul E, Ortin A. Psychopathological mechanisms of early neglect and abuse on suicidal ideation and self-harm in middle childhood. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2019; 28:1311-1319. [PMID: 30783774 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-019-01287-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Informed by diathesis-stress models of suicide risk, this longitudinal study examines the psychopathological mechanisms through which early maltreatment increases the risk for suicidal ideation and self-harm in middle childhood. The sample included 2958 families from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study, who participated in interviews at child's ages of 3 and/or 5, and 9. Via the Child Behavior Checklist, primary caregivers reported on the child's suicidal ideation and self-harm at age 9 and on clinically elevated depressive/anxious symptoms, aggressive behaviors, attention problems, and comorbid aggression and depressive/anxious symptoms at age 5. Past year neglect and physical/psychological abuse were measured via the Parent-Child Conflict Tactics Scale at age 3. Multivariate structural equation models indicated that early neglect had a significant indirect effect on suicidal ideation via clinically elevated depressive/anxious symptoms (OR = 1.57, 95% CI 1.09-2.25) and comorbid symptomatology (OR = 1.28, 95% CI 1.02-1.62), and on self-harm also via clinically elevated depressive/anxious symptoms (OR = 1.39, 95% CI 1.04-1.84) and comorbid symptomatology (OR = 1.20, 95% CI 1.01-1.43). Early physical/psychological abuse had a significant indirect effect on self-harm via clinically elevated attention problems (OR = 1.09, 95% CI 1.01-1.21). Unique developmental pathways for suicidal ideation and self-harm emerged among children exposed to abuse or neglect. For those exposed to early neglect, interventions should target depressive/anxious symptoms, especially when comorbid with aggression, to prevent suicidal ideation and self-harm. For children exposed to early physical/psychological abuse, problems with attention and impulsivity may be targets for reducing the risk for self-harm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Paul
- G87 Martha van Rensselaer Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA. .,Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Ana Ortin
- Department of Psychology, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York City, USA
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Jiang Y, Li X, Zhao J, Zhao G. Subtypes of peer victimization, depressive symptoms, and self-harm behaviors among children affected by parental HIV. JOURNAL OF CHILD AND FAMILY STUDIES 2019; 28:2522-2530. [PMID: 31607774 PMCID: PMC6788860 DOI: 10.1007/s10826-019-01352-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Peer victimization is a salient stressor contributing to self-harm behaviors in children. However, the psychological mechanisms underlying this process are not well understood. The aim of this study was to examine the role of depressive symptoms in the relationships between subtypes of peer victimization and self-harm behaviors among children affected by parental HIV using a prospective design. METHODS Participants in this study consisted of a subsample (N = 521, 6-12 years of age at baseline) of a larger research project on the psychological adjustment of children affected by parental HIV. Children self-reported subtypes of peer victimization including physical, verbal, and relational forms, depressive symptoms, and self-harm behaviors. RESULTS Structural equation models showed that verbal victimization, but not physical or relational victimization, was associated with increases in self-harm behaviors over a 24-month period (β = 0.18, p = .029). Moreover, the association between verbal victimization and self-harm behaviors was mediated by increases in depressive symptoms (indirect effect = 0.04, 95%CI [0.01, 0.08]), controlling for baseline self-harm behaviors, depressive symptoms, gender, AIDS orphan status, and age. In addition, such a mediation pathway was consistent across gender. CONCLUSIONS Depressive symptoms might be a psychological mechanism linking verbal victimization to self-harm behaviors among children affected by parental HIV. The findings highlight the importance of detection of depressive symptoms as a potential way to prevent self-harm behaviors among victimized children or those at high risk of experiencing peer victimization such as children affected by parental HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Jiang
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Xiaoming Li
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Junfeng Zhao
- International Research Center for Psychological Health of Vulnerable Populations, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Guoxiang Zhao
- Department of Psychology, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
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