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Zhao T, Luo J, Liu T, Xie K, Tang M. Secondary analysis of neurotransmitter metabolism and cognitive function in first-diagnosed, drug-naïve adult patients with major depressive disorder. Behav Brain Res 2024; 473:115193. [PMID: 39122091 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Growing evidence suggests that neurotransmitters may be associated with cognitive decline in MDD. This study primarily investigated the differences in cognitive functions between MDD patients and healthy controls, and explored the potential association between neurotransmitters and cognitive function of MDD patients. METHODS This cross-sectional study enrolled 87 first-diagnosed and drug-naïve patients with MDD and 50 healthy controls. Neurotransmitters (glutamine, glutamic acid, γ-2Aminobutiric acid, kainate, vanillylmandelic acid (VMA), 3-methoxy 4-hydroxyphenyl ethylene glycol (MHPG), noradrenaline (NE), homovanillic acid, dihydroxy-phenyl acetic acid (DOPAC), dopamine (DA), tryptophane, kynurenine, 5-HT, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid) were measured using LC-MS/MS and cognitive functions were assessed by the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS). Then associative analyses with adjustment (female, age, BMI, education) by multiple linear regression between neurotransmitters and cognitive functions especially in MDD patients were performed. RESULTS MDD patients had lower RBANS scores in immediate memory, delayed memory and RBANS scores after adjustment. Neurotransmitters were associated with the cognitive levels of MDD patients after adjustment: DOPAC and DOPAC/DA had positive association with immediate memory score; DOPAC, DOPAC/DA and (VMA+MHPG)/NE were positively associated with attention score; NE was negatively associated with language score; DOPAC/DA was positively associated with both delayed memory and RBANS scores. CONCLUSION Patients had greater cognitive impairment especially in memory. Furthermore, plasma neurotransmitter may be related to MDD and play an important role in cognitive impairment in MDD, especially in memory and attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingyu Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Junhao Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Kaiqiang Xie
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Mimi Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.
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2
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Hosseini SM, Panahi-Azar A, Sheybani-Arani M, Morovatshoar R, Mirzadeh M, Salimi Asl A, Naghdipour Mirsadeghi M, Khajavi-Mayvan F. Vitamins, minerals and their maternal levels' role in brain development: An updated literature-review. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2024; 63:31-45. [PMID: 38907995 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
One's neurobehavioural and mental health are built during the exact and complex process of brain development. It is thought that fetal development is where neuropsychiatric disorders first emerged. Behavioural patterns can change as a result of neuropsychiatric illnesses. The incidence is rising quickly; nevertheless, providing exceptional care remains a significant challenge for families and healthcare systems. It has been demonstrated that one of the main factors causing the transmission of these diseases is maternal exposure. Through physiologic pathways, maternal health and intrauterine exposures can affect brain development. Our attention has been focused on epigenetic factors, particularly in the gestational environment, which may be responsible for human neurodegenerative diseases since our main mental development occurs during the nine months of intrauterine life. After thoroughly searching numerous databases, this study examined the effect of fat-soluble vitamins, water-soluble vitamins, and minerals and their maternal-level effect on brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ava Panahi-Azar
- Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
| | | | - Reza Morovatshoar
- Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
| | - Mahdieh Mirzadeh
- Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
| | - Ali Salimi Asl
- Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
| | - Misa Naghdipour Mirsadeghi
- Department of Gynecology, School of Medicine, Reproductive Health Research Center, Alzahra Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
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3
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Morandini HAE, Watson PA, Barbaro P, Rao P. Brain iron concentration in childhood ADHD: A systematic review of neuroimaging studies. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 173:200-209. [PMID: 38547742 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Iron deficiency may play a role in the pathophysiology of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Due to its preponderant function in monoamine catecholamine and myelin synthesis, brain iron concentration may be of primary interest in the investigation of iron dysregulation in ADHD. This study reviewed current evidence of brain iron abnormalities in children and adolescents with ADHD using magnetic resonance imaging methods, such as relaxometry and quantitative susceptibility mapping, to assess brain iron estimates. The study was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A literature search was performed for studies published between January 1, 2008 and July 7, 2023 in Medline, Scopus and Proquest. Regions of interest, brain iron index values and phenotypical information were extracted from the relevant studies. Risk of bias was assessed using a modified version of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute quality assessment tool. Seven cross-sectional studies comparing brain iron estimates in children with ADHD with neurotypical children were included. Significantly reduced brain iron content in medication-naïve children with ADHD was a consistent finding. Two studies found psychostimulant use may increase and normalize brain iron concentration in children with ADHD. The findings were consistent across the studies despite differing methodologies and may lay the early foundation for the recognition of a potential biomarker in ADHD, although longitudinal prospective neuroimaging studies using larger sample sizes are required. Lastly, the effects of iron supplementation on brain iron concentration in children with ADHD need to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo A E Morandini
- Complex Attention and Hyperactivity Disorders Service, Child and Adolescent Health Services, Perth, WA, Australia; Division of Psychiatry, UWA Medical School, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Prue A Watson
- Complex Attention and Hyperactivity Disorders Service, Child and Adolescent Health Services, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Parma Barbaro
- Complex Attention and Hyperactivity Disorders Service, Child and Adolescent Health Services, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Pradeep Rao
- Complex Attention and Hyperactivity Disorders Service, Child and Adolescent Health Services, Perth, WA, Australia; Division of Psychiatry, UWA Medical School, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Australia; Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Australia
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4
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Shen Y, Jin H, Guo F, Zhang W, Fu H, Jin M, Chen G. Association of Magnesium, Iron, Copper, and Zinc Levels with the Prevalence of Behavior Problems in Children and Adolescents. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024:10.1007/s12011-024-04098-4. [PMID: 38388752 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-024-04098-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) are indispensable elements in children's growth and development. However, epidemiological evidence regarding essential elements and their mixed exposure to behavior problems remains in its infancy. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the association between essential elements and the manifestation of behavior problems, with an additional focus on the implications of their mixture. An electronic medical records review was performed among 4122 subjects aged 6-18 years who underwent examinations at Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, between January 2019 and July 2022. The concentrations of essential elements were measured by atomic absorption spectrometry, and behavior problems were assessed by using the Conners' Parent Rating Scale (CPRS). A total of 895 (21.7%) children and adolescents were identified as having behavior problems. For single exposure, inversely linear dose-response relationships were identified between continuous Mg and Zn levels and the prevalence of behavior problems, and the prevalence ratios (PRs) in the categorical lowest tertile were 1.28 (95% confidence interval, CI: 1.07-1.54) for Mg and 1.31 (95% CI: 1.05-1.63) for Zn compared to the highest tertile. For mixture exposure, an inverse association between essential elements and behavior problems was also found, mainly contributed by Mg (posterior inclusion probability, PIP = 0.854). Whole blood levels of Mg and Zn were significantly inversely associated with behavior problems. The findings highlight the pivotal role of essential elements in behavior problems and emphasize the importance of maintaining adequate levels of essential elements during children's maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Shen
- Department of Child Health Care, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, 310005, China
| | - Huyi Jin
- Department of Public Health, and Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Fanjia Guo
- Department of Public Health, and Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Department of Environmental Health, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, 310051, China
| | - Wanting Zhang
- Department of Public Health, and Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Jiaxing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jiaxing, 314000, China
| | - Hao Fu
- Department of Public Health, and Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Mingjuan Jin
- Department of Public Health, and Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Guangdi Chen
- Department of Public Health, and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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5
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Faraone SV, Bellgrove MA, Brikell I, Cortese S, Hartman CA, Hollis C, Newcorn JH, Philipsen A, Polanczyk GV, Rubia K, Sibley MH, Buitelaar JK. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2024; 10:11. [PMID: 38388701 DOI: 10.1038/s41572-024-00495-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD; also known as hyperkinetic disorder) is a common neurodevelopmental condition that affects children and adults worldwide. ADHD has a predominantly genetic aetiology that involves common and rare genetic variants. Some environmental correlates of the disorder have been discovered but causation has been difficult to establish. The heterogeneity of the condition is evident in the diverse presentation of symptoms and levels of impairment, the numerous co-occurring mental and physical conditions, the various domains of neurocognitive impairment, and extensive minor structural and functional brain differences. The diagnosis of ADHD is reliable and valid when evaluated with standard diagnostic criteria. Curative treatments for ADHD do not exist but evidence-based treatments substantially reduce symptoms and/or functional impairment. Medications are effective for core symptoms and are usually well tolerated. Some non-pharmacological treatments are valuable, especially for improving adaptive functioning. Clinical and neurobiological research is ongoing and could lead to the creation of personalized diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen V Faraone
- Departments of Psychiatry and of Neuroscience and Physiology, Norton College of Medicine at SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.
| | - Mark A Bellgrove
- School of Psychological Sciences, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Isabell Brikell
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Samuele Cortese
- Centre for Innovation in Mental Health, School of Psychology, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences (CNS and Psychiatry), Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Solent NHS Trust, Southampton, UK
- Hassenfeld Children's Hospital at NYU Langone, New York University Child Study Center, New York City, NY, USA
- DiMePRe-J-Department of Precision and Rigenerative Medicine-Jonic Area, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Catharina A Hartman
- Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion regulation (ICPE), Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Chris Hollis
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) MindTech MedTech Co-operative and NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Mental Health, Mental Health and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Jeffrey H Newcorn
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexandra Philipsen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Guilherme V Polanczyk
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Katya Rubia
- Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neurosciences, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Transcampus Professor KCL-Dresden, Technical University, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Jan K Buitelaar
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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6
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Mehren A, Philipsen A. [Is Physical Activity a Treatment Option for ADHD?]. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KINDER- UND JUGENDPSYCHIATRIE UND PSYCHOTHERAPIE 2024; 52:124-133. [PMID: 38335974 DOI: 10.1024/1422-4917/a000963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Is Physical Activity a Treatment Option for ADHD? Abstract: Physical activity as an option for the prevention and treatment of psychiatric disorders is increasingly becoming the focus of research. In particular, because of improvements in cognitive functioning, attentional performance, impulsivity, and hyperactivity, physical exercise could be a promising treatment option for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In this narrative review, we present and evaluate the current state of research on exercise effects in children and adolescents as well as in adults with ADHD. While studies of the short-term effects of a single bout of physical activity indicate robust effects on attention and inhibitory control, results on the impact on further symptoms of ADHD as well as in adults are mixed. Randomized controlled trials of longer-term physical activity are scarce and show high heterogeneity. Nevertheless, they are encouraging for further research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aylin Mehren
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Deutschland
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, The Netherlands
| | - Alexandra Philipsen
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Deutschland
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7
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Tezcan ME, Uğur C, Can Ü, Uçak EF, Ekici F, Duymuş F, Korucu AT. Are decreased cocaine- and amphetamine regulated transcript and Agouti- related peptide levels associated Eating behavior in medication-free children with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder? Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2024; 129:110907. [PMID: 38043633 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2023.110907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate plasma levels of cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART), agouti-related protein (AgRP), cholecystokinin (CCK) and peptide YY (PYY) and their relationship with eating behaviors among children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and healthy controls. A total of 94 medication-free children with ADHD and 82 controls aged 8-14 years were included in this study. The Plasma levels of CART, AgRP, CCK and PYY were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. The Children's Eating Behavior Questionnaire (CEBQ) was used to assess eating behaviors in children. CART and AgRP levels were found to be significantly lower in the ADHD group than in the control group, while CCK levels were found to be significantly higher in the ADHD group than in the control group. However, there was no significant difference in PYY levels between the groups. Compared to controls, those with ADHD demonstrated significantly higher scores on the CEBQ subscales of food responsiveness, emotional overeating, desire to drink, enjoyment of food, and food fussiness, and significantly lower scores on the slowness of eating subscale. CART was significantly correlated with emotional overeating and enjoyment of food scores, while AgRP was significantly correlated with emotional undereating scores. Covariance analysis was performed by controlling potential confounders such as body mass index, age and sex, and the results were found to be unchanged. It was concluded that CART, AgRP, and CCK may play a potential role in the pathogenesis of ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Esad Tezcan
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Konya City Hospital, Karatay-Konya, 42020, Turkey.
| | - Cüneyt Uğur
- Department of Pediatrics, Konya City Health Application and Research, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Karatay-Konya, 42020, Turkey
| | - Ümmügülsüm Can
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Konya City Health Application and Research, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Karatay-Konya, 42020, Turkey
| | - Ekrem Furkan Uçak
- Department of Psychiatry, Konya City Hospital, Karatay-Konya, 42020, Turkey
| | - Fatih Ekici
- Department of Psychiatry, Konya City Hospital, Karatay-Konya, 42020, Turkey
| | - Fahrettin Duymuş
- Department of Medical Genetics, Konya City Hospital, Karatay-Konya, 42020, Turkey
| | - Agah Tuğrul Korucu
- Faculty of Computer and Instructional Technologies, Necmettin Erbakan University, Meram-Konya, 42005, Turkey
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8
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Jiang Y, Li Y, Chen X, Zhai R, Peng Y, Tai R, Zhou C, Wang J. Biomarkers and Tourette syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1262057. [PMID: 38385037 PMCID: PMC10879287 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1262057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective This research aims to investigate whether peripheral biomarkers might differentiate individuals with Tourette syndrome (TS) from those without the condition. Methods A broad range of databases was searched through November 2022. This study employed a systematic literature review and subsequent meta-analysis of case-control studies that assessed the aberration of biomarkers of patients with TS and controls. Results A total of 81 studies were identified, out of which 60 met the eligibility criteria for inclusion in the meta-analysis. Following a meticulous screening procedure to determine the feasibility of incorporating case-control studies into the meta-analysis, 13 comparisons were statistically significant [CD3+ T cell, CD4+ T cell, CD4+ T cell to CD8+ T cell ratio, NK-cell, anti-streptolysin O antibodies, anti-DNase antibodies, glutamic acid (Glu), aspartic acid (Asp), ferritin (Fe), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), vitamin D, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)]. Publication bias was found for anti-streptolysin O antibodies. Suggestive associations were evidenced for norsalsolinol (NSAL), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), and S100B. Conclusion In this study, we present empirical evidence substantiating the link between several peripheral biomarkers and the early diagnosis of TS. Larger and more standardized studies are necessary to replicate the observed results, elucidate the specificity of the biomarkers for TS, and evaluate their precision for use in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Junhong Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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9
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Pauli-Pott U, Skoluda N, Nater UM, Becker K, Derz F, Kaspar E, Kasperzack D, Kehm K, Kött M, Mann C, Schurek P, Pott W, Schloß S. Long-term cortisol secretion in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: roles of sex, comorbidity, and symptom presentation. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024; 33:569-579. [PMID: 36917355 PMCID: PMC10869441 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-023-02180-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Low activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPAA) has been found in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The condition may be related to the reduced attention regulation capacity and/or to comorbid oppositional defiant or conduct disorder (ODD/CD). Sex differences are probable but not sufficiently studied. We analyzed the HPAA activity and sympathetic nervous system reactivity (SR) in children with ADHD while accounting for ADHD symptom presentation, comorbidity, and sex differences. The sample comprised 205 children, 98 (61 boys, 37 girls) with ADHD and 107 (48 boys, 59 girls) healthy controls. DSM-5 phenotypic symptom presentation and comorbid ODD/CD were assessed using clinical interviews. Hair cortisol concentration (HCC) was used to assess the long-term, cumulative activity of the HPAA. SR was assessed via skin conductance response (SCR). For control purposes, comorbid internalizing symptoms and indicators of adverse childhood experiences (ACE) were assessed. Children were medication naive. Boys presenting with predominantly inattentive symptoms (ADHD-I) showed lower HCC than healthy boys. Girls presenting with combined symptoms (ADHD-C) showed higher HCC than did healthy girls (p's < 0.05, sex-by-group interaction, F (2,194) = 4.09, p = 0.018). Boys with ADHD plus ODD/CD showed a blunted SR (p < 0.001, sex-by-group interaction, F (2,172) = 3.08, p = 0.048). Adjustment for ACE indicators led to non-significant differences in HCC but did not affect differences in SR. HCC constitutes an easily assessable, reliable, and valid marker of phenotypic ADHD-related features (i.e. symptom presentation and comorbidity). It indicates more homogenous subgroups of ADHD and might point to specifically involved pathophysiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Pauli-Pott
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University of Marburg, Schützenstrasse 45, 35039, Marburg, Germany.
| | - Nadine Skoluda
- Clinical Psychology, Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Liebiggasse 5, 1010, Vienna, Austria
- Research Platform The Stress of Life (SOLE)-Processes and Mechanisms underlying Everyday Life Stress, Vienna, Austria
| | - Urs M Nater
- Clinical Psychology, Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Liebiggasse 5, 1010, Vienna, Austria
- Research Platform The Stress of Life (SOLE)-Processes and Mechanisms underlying Everyday Life Stress, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katja Becker
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University of Marburg, Schützenstrasse 45, 35039, Marburg, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg Justus Liebig University Giessen, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 6, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Friederike Derz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University of Marburg, Schützenstrasse 45, 35039, Marburg, Germany
| | - Elena Kaspar
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University of Marburg, Schützenstrasse 45, 35039, Marburg, Germany
| | - Daria Kasperzack
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University of Marburg, Schützenstrasse 45, 35039, Marburg, Germany
| | - Kira Kehm
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University of Marburg, Schützenstrasse 45, 35039, Marburg, Germany
| | - Marie Kött
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University of Marburg, Schützenstrasse 45, 35039, Marburg, Germany
| | - Christopher Mann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University of Marburg, Schützenstrasse 45, 35039, Marburg, Germany
| | - Pia Schurek
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University of Marburg, Schützenstrasse 45, 35039, Marburg, Germany
| | - Wilfried Pott
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University of Marburg, Schützenstrasse 45, 35039, Marburg, Germany
| | - Susan Schloß
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University of Marburg, Schützenstrasse 45, 35039, Marburg, Germany
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10
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Ross MM, Hernandez-Espinosa DR, Aizenman E. Neurodevelopmental Consequences of Dietary Zinc Deficiency: A Status Report. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:5616-5639. [PMID: 36964812 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03630-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
Zinc is a tightly regulated trace mineral element playing critical roles in growth, immunity, neurodevelopment, and synaptic and hormonal signaling. Although severe dietary zinc deficiency is relatively uncommon in the United States, dietary zinc deficiency is a substantial public health concern in low- and middle-income countries. Zinc status may be a key determinant of neurodevelopmental processes. Indeed, limited cohort studies have shown that serum zinc is lower in people diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and depression. These observations have sparked multiple studies investigating the mechanisms underlying zinc status and neurodevelopmental outcomes. Animal models of perinatal and adult dietary zinc restriction yield distinct behavioral phenotypes reminiscent of features of ASD, ADHD, and depression, including increased anxiety and immobility, repetitive behaviors, and altered social behaviors. At the cellular and molecular level, zinc has demonstrated roles in neurogenesis, regulation of cellular redox status, transcription factor trafficking, synaptogenesis, and the regulation of synaptic architecture via the Shank family of scaffolding proteins. Although mechanistic questions remain, the current evidence suggests that zinc status is important for adequate neuronal development and may be a yet overlooked factor in the pathogenesis of several psychiatric conditions. This review aims to summarize current knowledge of the role of zinc in the neurophysiology of the perinatal period, the many cellular targets of zinc in the developing brain, and the potential consequences of alterations in zinc homeostasis in early life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline M Ross
- Department of Neurobiology and Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Diego R Hernandez-Espinosa
- Department of Neurobiology and Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Elias Aizenman
- Department of Neurobiology and Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
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11
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Llorens M, Barba M, Torralbas-Ortega J, Nadal R, Armario A, Gagliano H, Urraca L, Pujol S, Montalvo I, Gracia R, Polo D, González-Riesco L, Matalí JL, Palao D, Pàmias M, Labad J. Relationship between hair cortisol concentrations and cognitive functioning in adolescents with ADHD. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2023; 14:2281752. [PMID: 38154075 PMCID: PMC10990442 DOI: 10.1080/20008066.2023.2281752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Our study aimed to explore whether the hair cortisol concentration (HCC), a measure of long-term cortisol output, is associated with poorer cognitive functioning in adolescents with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We further aimed to test the potential moderating effects of sex and childhood maltreatment.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, fifty-three adolescents with ADHD were studied. The ADHD Rating Scale (ADHD-RS) and Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) were administered. Seven cognitive tasks from the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) were administered, and two cognitive factors (attention and memory and executive functioning) were identified by confirmatory factor analysis. A 3-cm hair sample from the posterior vertex region of the head was obtained. HCCs were determined by a high-sensitivity enzyme immunoassay kit. Multiple linear regression analyses were used to explore the association between HCCs and either cognitive performance or ADHD severity while adjusting for sex, childhood maltreatment and the ADHD-RS total score.Results: Sex moderated the relationship between HCCs and attention/memory confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) scores, with better performance in boys with higher HCCs. HCCs were not associated with executive functioning or ADHD symptoms. Childhood maltreatment was associated with inattention symptoms in adolescents with ADHD.Conclusions: Our study suggests that HCCs are positively associated with attention and memory performance in adolescents with ADHD, with a moderating effect of sex (the relationship is strongest in boys).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Llorens
- Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Maria Barba
- Department of Mental Health, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Sabadell, Spain
| | - Jordi Torralbas-Ortega
- Nursing Care Research Group, Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute (IIB SANTPAU). Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roser Nadal
- Institut de Neurociències, Translational Neuroscience Research Unit I3PT-INc-UAB, Sabadell, Spain
- Psicobiology Unit, Faculty of Psychology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Armario
- Institut de Neurociències, Translational Neuroscience Research Unit I3PT-INc-UAB, Sabadell, Spain
- Psicobiology Unit, Faculty of Psychology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Animal Physiology Unit (Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology), Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Humberto Gagliano
- Animal Physiology Unit (Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology), Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Lara Urraca
- Department of Mental Health, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Sabadell, Spain
| | - Susana Pujol
- Department of Mental Health, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Sabadell, Spain
| | - Itziar Montalvo
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Department of Mental Health, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Sabadell, Spain
- Institut de Neurociències, Translational Neuroscience Research Unit I3PT-INc-UAB, Sabadell, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Institut d’Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT), Sabadell, Spain
| | - Rebeca Gracia
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Department of Mental Health, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Sabadell, Spain
| | - Diana Polo
- Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura González-Riesco
- Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Lluís Matalí
- Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Research Group, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Diego Palao
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Department of Mental Health, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Sabadell, Spain
- Institut de Neurociències, Translational Neuroscience Research Unit I3PT-INc-UAB, Sabadell, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Institut d’Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT), Sabadell, Spain
| | - Montserrat Pàmias
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Department of Mental Health, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Sabadell, Spain
- Institut de Neurociències, Translational Neuroscience Research Unit I3PT-INc-UAB, Sabadell, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Institut d’Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT), Sabadell, Spain
| | - Javier Labad
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Institut de Neurociències, Translational Neuroscience Research Unit I3PT-INc-UAB, Sabadell, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Institut d’Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT), Sabadell, Spain
- Department of Mental Health, Consorci Sanitari del Maresme, Mataró, Spain
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12
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Brænden A, Lebena A, Faresjö Å, Theodorsson E, Coldevin M, Stubberud J, Zeiner P, Melinder A. Excessive hair cortisol concentration as an indicator of psychological disorders in children. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2023; 157:106363. [PMID: 37573627 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Cortisol in hair is a new biomarker assessing long-term hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity, which is related to emotion regulation. We compare hair cortisol concentrations (HCC), in clinically referred children with disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD) (n = 19), children with other types of psychological disorders (n = 48), and healthy subjects (n = 36). We also investigate the association between HCC and irritability, age, and sex. Our results show that children with DMDD or other types of psychological disorders have higher HCC than healthy subjects, p < .001, ηp2 = .39. No difference between children with DMDD and those with other types of psychological disorders was found, p = .91, nor an association between HCC and irritability in the clinical sample, p = .32. We found a significant negative correlation between HCC and age in those with DMDD, r = -0.54, p < .05, but not in the normative sample, r = -0.20, p = .25. No differences in HCC between girls and boys were found in the normative sample, p = .49. Children in need of psychological treatment, including those with DMDD, seem to have dysregulated HPA-axis activity over time. Excessive accumulated cortisol concentrations in hair could be an indicator of a psychological disorder in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Brænden
- Oslo University Hospital, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Andrea Lebena
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, University of Linköping, Sweden
| | - Åshild Faresjö
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, University of Linköping, Sweden
| | - Elvar Theodorsson
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science, Division of Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Marit Coldevin
- Lovisenberg Diaconal Hospital, Nic Waals Institute, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan Stubberud
- Lovisenberg Diaconal Hospital, Department of Research, Oslo, Norway; University of Oslo, Department of Psychology, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pål Zeiner
- Oslo University Hospital, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo, Norway; University of Oslo, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo, Norway
| | - Annika Melinder
- Oslo University Hospital, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo, Norway; University of Oslo, Department of Psychology, Oslo, Norway
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13
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Carli G, Cavicchioli M, Martini AL, Bruscoli M, Manfredi A, Presotto L, Mazzeo C, Sestini S, Perani D. Neurobiological Dysfunctional Substrates for the Self-Medication Hypothesis in Adult Individuals with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Cocaine Use Disorder: A Fluorine-18-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography Study. Brain Connect 2023; 13:370-382. [PMID: 37097207 DOI: 10.1089/brain.2022.0076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adulthood shows high co-occurrence rates with cocaine use disorder (CoUD). The self-medication hypothesis (SMH) provides a theoretical explanation for this comorbidity. This study investigates the neurobiological mechanisms that could support SMH in adult patients with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder with cocaine use disorder (ADHD-CoUD). Materials and Methods: We included 19 ADHD-CoUD patients (84.2% male; age: 32.11 years [7.18]) and 16 CoUD patients (68.7% male; age: 36.63 years [8.12]). All subjects underwent a fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18F-FDG PET) brain scan. We tested brain metabolism differences between ADHD-CoUD and CoUD patients using voxel-based and regions of interest (ROIs)-based analyses. The correlation between dependence/abstinence duration and regional brain metabolism was also assessed in the two groups. Lastly, we investigated the integrity of brain metabolic connectivity of mesocorticolimbic and nigrostriatal dopaminergic systems, and large-scale brain networks involved in ADHD and addictions. Results: The voxel-wise and ROIs-based approaches showed that ADHD-CoUD patients had a lower metabolism in the thalamus and increased metabolism in the amygdala and parahippocampus, bilaterally, than CoUD subjects and healthy controls (HCs). Metabolism in the thalamus negatively correlated with years of dependence in ADHD-CoUD patients. Moreover, connectivity analyses revealed that ADHD-CoUD patients had a more preserved metabolic connectivity than CoUD patients in the dopaminergic networks and large-scale networks involved in self-regulation mechanisms of attention and behaviors (i.e., anterior default mode network [ADMN], executive network [ECN], and anterior salience network [aSAN]). Conclusions: We demonstrated distinct neuropathological substrates underlying substance-use behaviors in ADHD-CoUD and CoUD patients. Furthermore, we provided neurobiological evidence in support of SMH, demonstrating that ADHD-CoUD patients might experience short-term advantages of cocaine assumption (i.e., compensation of dopaminergic deficiency and related cognitive-behavioral deficits).
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Carli
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marco Cavicchioli
- Faculty of Psychology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Lisa Martini
- Unit of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, N.O.P.-S. Stefano, U.S.L. Toscana Centro, Prato, Italy
| | - Matteo Bruscoli
- UFC Farmacotossicodipendenze, Department of Drug Addiction, N.O.P.-S. Stefano, U.S.L. Toscana Centro, Prato, Italy
| | - Antonella Manfredi
- UFC Farmacotossicodipendenze, Department of Drug Addiction, N.O.P.-S. Stefano, U.S.L. Toscana Centro, Prato, Italy
| | - Luca Presotto
- Department of Physics G. Occhialini, Università degli Studi di Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Christian Mazzeo
- Unit of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, N.O.P.-S. Stefano, U.S.L. Toscana Centro, Prato, Italy
| | - Stelvio Sestini
- Unit of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, N.O.P.-S. Stefano, U.S.L. Toscana Centro, Prato, Italy
| | - Daniela Perani
- Faculty of Psychology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- In Vivo Human Molecular and Structural Neuroimaging Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
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14
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Kim HJ, Kim SY, Kim GE, Jin HJ. Association between genetic polymorphisms of synaptophysin (SYP) gene and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in Korean subjects. Genes Genomics 2023; 45:1097-1105. [PMID: 37133725 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-023-01393-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common childhood neurodevelopmental disorder, and the prevalence of ADHD among Korean children has attained about 8.5%. Various genetic factors can contribute to the etiology of the disease. Synaptophysin (SYP) regulates neurotransmitter release and synaptic plasticity. According to previous studies, several genetic polymorphisms on SYP were risk factors for ADHD. OBJECTIVE We investigated the effect of the SYP gene polymorphisms (rs2293945 and rs3817678) on ADHD in Korean children. METHODS In this study, we examined the case-control study in 150 ADHD cases and 322 controls. The genotyping of SYP gene polymorphisms was performed using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). RESULTS Significant associations in the genotype and genetic models of SYP rs2293945 polymorphism between girls with ADHD and control girls were found. The girls with ADHD having the C/T genotype were significantly associated with ADHD. In the dominant model of rs3817678, C/T + T/T genotypes were significantly associated with ADHD. The haplotype analyses showed significant associations from haplotypes of rs2293945 T-rs3817678 G and rs2293945 C-rs3817678 A. CONCLUSION Our results imply that the SYP rs2293945 C/T polymorphism in female participants may provide a possible effect on the genetic etiology of ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Jun Kim
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science & Technology, Dankook University, 31116, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Seong Yong Kim
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science & Technology, Dankook University, 31116, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Ga Eun Kim
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science & Technology, Dankook University, 31116, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Han Jun Jin
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science & Technology, Dankook University, 31116, Cheonan, South Korea.
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15
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Hawes DJ, Gardner F, Dadds MR, Frick PJ, Kimonis ER, Burke JD, Fairchild G. Oppositional defiant disorder. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2023; 9:31. [PMID: 37349322 DOI: 10.1038/s41572-023-00441-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) is a disruptive behaviour disorder involving an ongoing pattern of angry/irritable mood, argumentative/defiant behaviour and vindictiveness. Onset is typically before 8 years of age, although ODD can be diagnosed in both children and adults. This disorder is associated with substantial social and economic burden, and childhood ODD is one of the most common precursors of other mental health problems that can arise across the lifespan. The population prevalence of ODD is ~3 to 5%. A higher prevalence in males than females has been reported, particularly before adolescence. No single risk factor accounts for ODD. The development of this disorder seems to arise from the interaction of genetic and environmental factors, and mechanisms embedded in social relationships are understood to contribute to its maintenance. The treatment of ODD is often successful, and relatively brief parenting interventions produce large sized treatment effects in early childhood. Accordingly, ODD represents an important focus for research, practice and policy concerning early intervention and prevention in mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Hawes
- School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Frances Gardner
- Centre for Evidence-Based Intervention, Department of Social Policy and Intervention, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Mark R Dadds
- School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Paul J Frick
- Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Eva R Kimonis
- Parent-Child Research Clinic, School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jeffrey D Burke
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
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16
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Majarwitz DJ, Perumareddi P. Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Across the Spectrum: From Childhood to Adulthood. Prim Care 2023; 50:21-36. [PMID: 36822725 DOI: 10.1016/j.pop.2022.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder involving dysregulation of multiple neural circuits, manifesting in symptoms such as inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. Diagnosis requires onset of symptoms before age 12 years. However, symptoms often persist throughout lifetime, although they may change over time. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition formally lists the clinical criteria. Management involves pharmacologic agents, such as stimulant and/or nonstimulant medications, and providers should monitor closely for any adverse effects. Nonpharmacologic interventions may be implemented and can be used in conjunction with pharmacotherapy, although medications should be at the forefront of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Majarwitz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, East Carolina University, 905 Johns Hopkins Dr, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - Parvathi Perumareddi
- Department of Medicine, Schmidt College of Medicine at Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA.
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17
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Garcia-Argibay M, Zhang-James Y, Cortese S, Lichtenstein P, Larsson H, Faraone SV. Predicting childhood and adolescent attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder onset: a nationwide deep learning approach. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:1232-1239. [PMID: 36536075 PMCID: PMC10005952 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01918-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a heterogeneous disorder with a high degree of psychiatric and physical comorbidity, which complicates its diagnosis in childhood and adolescence. We analyzed registry data from 238,696 persons born and living in Sweden between 1995 and 1999. Several machine learning techniques were used to assess the ability of registry data to inform the diagnosis of ADHD in childhood and adolescence: logistic regression, random Forest, gradient boosting, XGBoost, penalized logistic regression, deep neural network (DNN), and ensemble models. The best fitting model was the DNN, achieving an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.75, 95% CI (0.74-0.76) and balanced accuracy of 0.69. At the 0.45 probability threshold, sensitivity was 71.66% and specificity was 65.0%. There was an overall agreement in the feature importance among all models (τ > .5). The top 5 features contributing to classification were having a parent with criminal convictions, male sex, having a relative with ADHD, number of academic subjects failed, and speech/learning disabilities. A DNN model predicting childhood and adolescent ADHD trained exclusively on Swedish register data achieved good discrimination. If replicated and validated in an external sample, and proven to be cost-effective, this model could be used to alert clinicians to individuals who ought to be screened for ADHD and to aid clinicians' decision-making with the goal of decreasing misdiagnoses. Further research is needed to validate results in different populations and to incorporate new predictors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Garcia-Argibay
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden. .,Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Yanli Zhang-James
- Departments of Psychiatry and of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Samuele Cortese
- School of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,Clinical and Experimental Sciences (CNS and Psychiatry), Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,Solent NHS Trust, Southampton, UK.,Hassenfeld Children's Hospital at NYU Langone, New York University Child Study Center, New York City, New York, NY, USA.,Division of Psychiatry and Applied Psychology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Paul Lichtenstein
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Henrik Larsson
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.,Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stephen V Faraone
- Departments of Psychiatry and of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
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18
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Miniksar DY, Cansız MA, Göçmen AY, Kılıç M, Miniksar ÖH. The Effect of Drug Use, Body Mass Index and Blood Pressure on Oxidative Stress Levels in Children and Adolescents with Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder. CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN COLLEGE OF NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 21:88-98. [PMID: 36700315 PMCID: PMC9889889 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.2023.21.1.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between clinical variables such as body mass index, blood pressure, drug use and oxidative stress level in children and adolescents with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methods Total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS), oxidative stress index (OSI), malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were measured in the serum of 51 patients (38 male, 13 female) diagnosed with ADHD according to DSM-5 diagnostic criteria and 32 control subjects (12 male, 20 female). The Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia Present and Lifetime Version was applied to all participants. Results The mean TOS, OSI, MDA values were determined to be significantly higher (p < 0.001) and the mean SOD value was lower in the ADHD group (p < 0.001). Multivariate regression analysis indicated significantly lower SOD and diastolic blood pressure values and significantly higher MDA in the ADHD group compared to the control group (p < 0.01). Low SOD (sensitivity 90.2%, specificity 78.0%) and high MDA (sensitivity 86.3%, specificity 81.2%) were determined to be predictive parameters for diagnosing ADHD. In univariate analysis, the mean TOS, OSI and SOD values were higher in ADHD patients under medication, while the mean TAS was higher in patients not using medication (p < 0.01). Only TOS was significant in multivariate logistic regression analysis (p < 0.01). Conclusion The results of this study demonstrate that impaired oxidative balance may play a role in the etiology of ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilşad Yıldız Miniksar
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Yozgat Bozok University, Yozgat, Turkey,Address for correspondence: Dilşad Yıldız Miniksar Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Yozgat Bozok University, Atatürk Road 7. Km Azizli/Yozgat 66100, Turkey, E-mail: , ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6389-4377
| | - Mehmet Akif Cansız
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Yozgat Bozok University, Yozgat, Turkey
| | | | - Mahmut Kılıç
- Department of Public Health, Yozgat Bozok University, Yozgat, Turkey
| | - Ökkeş Hakan Miniksar
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Yozgat Bozok University, Yozgat, Turkey
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19
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Cortese S, Solmi M, Michelini G, Bellato A, Blanner C, Canozzi A, Eudave L, Farhat LC, Højlund M, Köhler-Forsberg O, Leffa DT, Rohde C, de Pablo GS, Vita G, Wesselhoeft R, Martin J, Baumeister S, Bozhilova NS, Carlisi CO, Leno VC, Floris DL, Holz NE, Kraaijenvanger EJ, Sacu S, Vainieri I, Ostuzzi G, Barbui C, Correll CU. Candidate diagnostic biomarkers for neurodevelopmental disorders in children and adolescents: a systematic review. World Psychiatry 2023; 22:129-149. [PMID: 36640395 PMCID: PMC9840506 DOI: 10.1002/wps.21037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodevelopmental disorders - including attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder, communication disorders, intellectual disability, motor disorders, specific learning disorders, and tic disorders - manifest themselves early in development. Valid, reliable and broadly usable biomarkers supporting a timely diagnosis of these disorders would be highly relevant from a clinical and public health standpoint. We conducted the first systematic review of studies on candidate diagnostic biomarkers for these disorders in children and adolescents. We searched Medline and Embase + Embase Classic with terms relating to biomarkers until April 6, 2022, and conducted additional targeted searches for genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and neuroimaging or neurophysiological studies carried out by international consortia. We considered a candidate biomarker as promising if it was reported in at least two independent studies providing evidence of sensitivity and specificity of at least 80%. After screening 10,625 references, we retained 780 studies (374 biochemical, 203 neuroimaging, 133 neurophysiological and 65 neuropsychological studies, and five GWAS), including a total of approximately 120,000 cases and 176,000 controls. While the majority of the studies focused simply on associations, we could not find any biomarker for which there was evidence - from two or more studies from independent research groups, with results going into the same direction - of specificity and sensitivity of at least 80%. Other important metrics to assess the validity of a candidate biomarker, such as positive predictive value and negative predictive value, were infrequently reported. Limitations of the currently available studies include mostly small sample size, heterogeneous approaches and candidate biomarker targets, undue focus on single instead of joint biomarker signatures, and incomplete accounting for potential confounding factors. Future multivariable and multi-level approaches may be best suited to find valid candidate biomarkers, which will then need to be validated in external, independent samples and then, importantly, tested in terms of feasibility and cost-effectiveness, before they can be implemented in daily clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuele Cortese
- Centre for Innovation in Mental Health, School of Psychology, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences (CNS and Psychiatry), Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Solent NHS Trust, Southampton, UK
- Hassenfeld Children's Hospital at NYU Langone, New York University Child Study Center, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Psychiatry and Applied Psychology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Marco Solmi
- Centre for Innovation in Mental Health, School of Psychology, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Mental Health, Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (OHRI) Clinical Epidemiology Program, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Giorgia Michelini
- Department of Biological & Experimental Psychology, School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alessio Bellato
- School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Semenyih, Malaysia
| | - Christina Blanner
- Mental Health Center, Glostrup, Copenhagen University Hospital - Mental Health Services CPH, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andrea Canozzi
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, Section of Psychiatry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Luis Eudave
- Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Luis C Farhat
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mikkel Højlund
- Department of Psychiatry Aabenraa, Mental Health Services in the Region of Southern Denmark, Aabenraa, Denmark
- Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy, and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Ole Köhler-Forsberg
- Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital - Psychiatry, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Douglas Teixeira Leffa
- ADHD Outpatient Program & Development Psychiatry Program, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Christopher Rohde
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Affective Disorders, Aarhus University Hospital - Psychiatry, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Gonzalo Salazar de Pablo
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Giovanni Vita
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, Section of Psychiatry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Rikke Wesselhoeft
- Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy, and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Odense, Mental Health Services in the Region of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Joanna Martin
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Sarah Baumeister
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Natali S Bozhilova
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- School of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guilford, UK
| | - Christina O Carlisi
- Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Virginia Carter Leno
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Dorothea L Floris
- Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Nathalie E Holz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department for Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Schleswig Holstein, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Eline J Kraaijenvanger
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Seda Sacu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Isabella Vainieri
- Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Giovanni Ostuzzi
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, Section of Psychiatry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Corrado Barbui
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, Section of Psychiatry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Christoph U Correll
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
- Psychiatry Research, Northwell Health, Zucker Hillside Hospital, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Molecular Medicine, Zucker School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY, USA
- Center for Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
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20
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Zhang-James Y, Razavi AS, Hoogman M, Franke B, Faraone SV. Machine Learning and MRI-based Diagnostic Models for ADHD: Are We There Yet? J Atten Disord 2023; 27:335-353. [PMID: 36651494 DOI: 10.1177/10870547221146256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Machine learning (ML) has been applied to develop magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based diagnostic classifiers for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This systematic review examines this literature to clarify its clinical significance and to assess the implications of the various analytic methods applied. METHODS A comprehensive literature search on MRI-based diagnostic classifiers for ADHD was performed and data regarding the utilized models and samples were gathered. RESULTS We found that, although most studies reported the classification accuracies, they varied in choice of MRI modalities, ML models, cross-validation and testing methods, and sample sizes. We found that the accuracies of cross-validation methods inflated the performance estimation compared with those of a held-out test, compromising the model generalizability. Test accuracies have increased with publication year but were not associated with training sample sizes. Improved test accuracy over time was likely due to the use of better ML methods along with strategies to deal with data imbalances. CONCLUSION Ultimately, large multi-modal imaging datasets, and potentially the combination with other types of data, like cognitive data and/or genetics, will be essential to achieve the goal of developing clinically useful imaging classification tools for ADHD in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Martine Hoogman
- Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Barbara Franke
- Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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21
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Rashaid AB, Alqhazo M, Newbury DF, Kanaan H, El-Khateeb M, Abukashabeh A, Al-Tamimi F. Evaluation of elements in hair samples of children with developmental language disorder (DLD). Nutr Neurosci 2023; 26:138-147. [PMID: 35034571 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2021.2022068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have highlighted a role for trace elements and toxic metals across neurodevelopmental disorders, including developmental stuttering, Autistic Spectrum Disorders (ASD), and Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). However, these environmental influences have yet to be explored in relation to Developmental Language Disorder (DLD). METHODS Elemental hair composition of seven elements; zinc (64Zn), magnesium (26Mg), iron (57Fe), potassium (39K), aluminum (27Al), lead (208Pb), and barium (138Ba) were analyzed in hair samples from 35 children affected by DLD and 35 controls with typical language development (TLD) using both inductive coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) and inductive coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS). RESULTS The concentration of 64Zn was significantly lower in the hair of DLD group compared to the TLD control group. All other elements showed similar levels between cases and controls. This pilot study demonstrates the utility of trace elements and toxic metals screening in relation to language disorders and the use of hair samples in such investigations. CONCLUSION The finding that zinc levels differed between cases and controls could represent a clinically relevant result and should be replicated in larger sample size across time. A wider battery of related elements will help to better understand the role of trace elements and toxic metals in DLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayat Bani Rashaid
- Department of Chemistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid Jordan
| | - Mazin Alqhazo
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid Jordan
| | - Dianne F Newbury
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - Heba Kanaan
- Department of Chemistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid Jordan
| | - Mohammad El-Khateeb
- Department of Chemistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid Jordan
| | - Ahmad Abukashabeh
- Chemical and Physical Analyses Laboratories, Jordan Atomic Energy Commission, Amman, Jordan
| | - Feda Al-Tamimi
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid Jordan
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22
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Abstract
Air pollution is a complex mixture of gases and particulate matter, with adsorbed organic and inorganic contaminants, to which exposure is lifelong. Epidemiological studies increasingly associate air pollution with multiple neurodevelopmental disorders and neurodegenerative diseases, findings supported by experimental animal models. This breadth of neurotoxicity across these central nervous system diseases and disorders likely reflects shared vulnerability of their inflammatory and oxidative stress-based mechanisms and a corresponding ability to produce brain metal dyshomeo-stasis. Future research to define the responsible contaminants of air pollution underlying this neurotoxicity is critical to understanding mechanisms of these diseases and disorders and protecting public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah A Cory-Slechta
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, New York, USA;
| | - Alyssa Merrill
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, New York, USA;
| | - Marissa Sobolewski
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, New York, USA;
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23
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Smith DR, Strupp BJ. Animal Models of Childhood Exposure to Lead or Manganese: Evidence for Impaired Attention, Impulse Control, and Affect Regulation and Assessment of Potential Therapies. Neurotherapeutics 2023; 20:3-21. [PMID: 36853434 PMCID: PMC10119373 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-023-01345-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Behavioral disorders involving attention and impulse control dysfunction, such as ADHD, are among the most prevalent disorders in children and adolescents, with significant impact on their lives. The etiology of these disorders is not well understood, but is recognized to be multifactorial, with studies reporting associations with polygenic and environmental risk factors, including toxicant exposure. Environmental epidemiological studies, while good at establishing associations with a variety of environmental and genetic risk factors, cannot establish causality. Animal models of behavioral disorders, when properly designed, can play an essential role in establishing causal relationships between environmental risk factors and a disorder, as well as provide model systems for elucidating underlying neural mechanisms and testing therapies. Here, we review how animal model studies of developmental lead or manganese exposure have been pivotal in (1) establishing a causal relationship between developmental exposure and lasting dysfunction in the domains of attention, impulse control, and affect regulation, and (2) testing the efficacy of specific therapeutic approaches for alleviating the lasting deficits. The lead and manganese case studies illustrate how animal models can advance knowledge in ways that are not possible in human studies. For example, in contrast to the Treatment of Lead Poisoned Children (TLC) human clinical trial evaluating succimer chelation efficacy to improve cognitive functioning in lead-exposed children, our developmental lead exposure animal model showed that succimer chelation can produce lasting cognitive benefits if chelation sufficiently reduces brain lead levels. In addition, this study revealed that succimer treatment in the absence of lead exposure produces lasting cognitive dysfunction, highlighting potential risks of chelation in off-label uses, such as the treatment of autistic children without a history of lead exposure. Our animal model of developmental manganese exposure has demonstrated that manganese can cause lasting attentional and sensorimotor deficits, akin to an ADHD-inattentive behavioral phenotype, thereby providing insights into the role of environmental exposures as contributors to ADHD. These studies have also shown that oral methylphenidate (Ritalin) can fully alleviate the deficits produced by early developmental Mn exposure. Future work should continue to focus on the development and use of animal models that appropriately recapitulate the complex behavioral phenotypes of behavioral disorders, in order to determine the mechanistic basis for the behavioral deficits caused by developmental exposure to environmental toxicants, and the efficacy of existing and emerging therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald R Smith
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA.
| | - Barbara J Strupp
- Division of Nutritional Sciences and Department of Psychology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
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Breda V, Cerqueira RO, Ceolin G, Koning E, Fabe J, McDonald A, Gomes FA, Brietzke E. Is there a place for dietetic interventions in adult ADHD? Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2022; 119:110613. [PMID: 35964708 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2022.110613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Current treatments for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in adults are limited by lack of response and side effects in about one third of the individuals. Changes towards a healthier lifestyle could have a positive impact beyond the relief of specific symptoms. However, it is not clear if nutritional interventions influence mental health and cognition. The objective of this study was to summarize the available literature addressing the impact of different diets in ADHD. The most promising dietetic approaches in ADHD are diets considered to be healthy (Mediterranean-type; DASH) and the Few-Foods Diet for children. Studies should take into account the presence of multiple confounders, biases associated with difficulties in blinding participants and researchers, and search for possible mechanisms of action, so we can have better evidence to guide clinical mental care of adults with ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor Breda
- Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University School of Medicine, 752 King Street West, Kingston, ON K7L 7X3, Canada; Centre for Neuroscience Studies (CNS), Queen's University, 18 Stuart Street, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada.
| | - Raphael O Cerqueira
- Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Major Maragliano 241, São Paulo, SP 04017-030, Brazil
| | - Gilciane Ceolin
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Rua Delfino Conti, Campus Trindade, Florianópolis, SC 88040-970, Brazil
| | - Elena Koning
- Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University School of Medicine, 752 King Street West, Kingston, ON K7L 7X3, Canada; Centre for Neuroscience Studies (CNS), Queen's University, 18 Stuart Street, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada.
| | - Jennifer Fabe
- McMasters Children's Hospital, Hamilton Health Sciences, 1200 Main St W, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada.
| | | | - Fabiano A Gomes
- Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University School of Medicine, 752 King Street West, Kingston, ON K7L 7X3, Canada; Centre for Neuroscience Studies (CNS), Queen's University, 18 Stuart Street, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada.
| | - Elisa Brietzke
- Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University School of Medicine, 752 King Street West, Kingston, ON K7L 7X3, Canada; Centre for Neuroscience Studies (CNS), Queen's University, 18 Stuart Street, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada.
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25
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Esad Tezcan M, Uçar HN, Vatansev H. Increased uncoupling protein 1 levels are associated with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder in medication-free children. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 156:437-443. [PMID: 36327766 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.10.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate serum visfatin, irisin, and uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) levels between children with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and healthy controls and to discuss how performance on the Stroop Color Test and Serial Digit Learning Test changes with these adipokines. METHODS A total of 45 medication-free children with ADHD and 43 controls aged 8-12 years were enrolled in this study. The serum levels of visfatin, UCP1, and irisin were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. RESULTS As a result, in our study, a statistically significant difference was found in UCP1 in the ADHD group compared with the control group, but no significant difference was found in visfatin and irisin levels. An analysis of covariance was also performed for the whole sample, and when controlling for potential confounders, including body mass index, age, and gender, the results did not change. In addition, it was determined that adipokines did not correlate with neuropsychological tests. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that UCP1 might be associated with childhood ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Esad Tezcan
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Konya City Hospital, Karatay, Konya, 42020, Turkey.
| | - Halit Necmi Uçar
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Selcuk University Faculty of Medicine, Selçuklu, Konya, 42131, Turkey.
| | - Hüsamettin Vatansev
- Department of Biochemistry, Selcuk University Faculty of Medicine, Selçuklu, Konya, 42131, Turkey.
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26
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Gumus C, Yazici IP, Yazici KU, Ustundag B. Increased Serum Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor, Nerve Growth Factor, Glial-derived Neurotrophic Factor and Galanin Levels in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, and the Effect of 10 Weeks Methylphenidate Treatment. CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN COLLEGE OF NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 20:635-648. [PMID: 36263639 PMCID: PMC9606423 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.2022.20.4.635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the levels of serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), nerve growth factor (NGF), glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and galanin in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). METHODS The study included 58 cases with ADHD and 60 healthy controls. Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children-Present and Lifetime version (K-SADS-PL) together with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria were used for diagnostic evaluation. Sociodemographic data form and Conners' Parent/Teacher Rating Scale-Revised:Long Form were applied to all cases. The serum levels of BDNF, NGF, GDNF, and galanin were evaluated in all subjects. Afterwards, methylphenidate was started in the ADHD group. ADHD cases were reevaluated in terms of the serum levels of BDNF, NGF, GDNF, galanin at the 10th week of treatment. RESULTS Before the treatment, the levels of BDNF, NGF, GDNF, galanin were significantly higher in the ADHD group compared to the control group. The levels of BDNF, NGF, GDNF, galanin were found to be significantly lower after treatment in ADHD group compared to pre-treatment. No correlation was between scale scores and the serum levels of BDNF, NGF, GDNF, galanin. CONCLUSION The levels of neurotrophic factors and galanin were thought to be parameters worth evaluating in ADHD. Further studies on the subject with longer-term treatments and larger sample groups are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cavithan Gumus
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Karaman Training and Research Hospital, Karaman, Turkey
| | - Ipek Percinel Yazici
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Firat University Faculty of Medicine, Elazig, Turkey,Address for correspondence: Ipek Percinel Yazici Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Firat University Faculty of Medicine, Elazig 230000, Turkey, E-mail: , ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6807-655X
| | - Kemal Utku Yazici
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Firat University Faculty of Medicine, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Bilal Ustundag
- Department of Biochemistry, Firat University Faculty of Medicine, Elazig, Turkey
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27
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Park JH. Potential Inflammatory Biomarker in Patients with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13054. [PMID: 36361835 PMCID: PMC9658646 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder that can diminish the quality of life of both children and adults in academic, occupational, and social contexts. The kynurenine pathway (KP) contains a set of enzymatic reactions involved in tryptophan (TRP) degradation. It is known to be associated with the risk of developing ADHD. This review will address the KP and underlying mechanism of inflammation in ADHD. Potential inflammatory biomarkers reported in the most recent studies are summarized. Although a strong neuroimmunological basis has been established due to the advances of recent neurobiological research, the pathophysiology of ADHD remains unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hyun Park
- College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women's University, Seoul 01369, Korea
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28
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Capuzzi E, Caldiroli A, Auxilia AM, Borgonovo R, Capellazzi M, Clerici M, Buoli M. Biological Predictors of Treatment Response in Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): A Systematic Review. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12101742. [PMID: 36294881 PMCID: PMC9605680 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12101742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a highly prevalent condition with onset in childhood and in many cases persisting into adulthood. Even though an increasing number of studies have investigated the efficacy of pharmacotherapy in the management of adult ADHD, few authors have tried to identify the biological predictors of treatment response. Objectives: To summarize the available data about the biological markers of treatment response in adults affected by ADHD. Methods: A search on the main biomedical and psychological archives (PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and PsycINFO) was performed. Manuscripts in English, published up to May 2022 and having the biological predictors of treatment response in adults with ADHD as their main topic, were included. Results: A total of 3855 articles was screened. Twenty-two articles were finally included. Most of the manuscripts studied neuroimaging and electrophysiological factors as potential predictors of treatment response in adult ADHD patients. No reliable markers were identified until now. Promising findings on this topic regard genetic polymorphisms in snap receptor (SNARE) proteins and default mode network-striatum connectivity. Conclusions: Even though some biological markers seem promising for the prediction of treatment response in adults affected by ADHD, further studies are needed to confirm the available data in the context of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Capuzzi
- Psychiatric Department, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Monza, 20900 Monza, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0392339670
| | - Alice Caldiroli
- Psychiatric Department, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Monza, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Auxilia
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Riccardo Borgonovo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Martina Capellazzi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Massimo Clerici
- Psychiatric Department, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Monza, 20900 Monza, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Buoli
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
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29
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Ptukha M, Fesenko Z, Belskaya A, Gromova A, Pelevin A, Kurzina N, Gainetdinov RR, Volnova A. Effects of Atomoxetine on Motor and Cognitive Behaviors and Brain Electrophysiological Activity of Dopamine Transporter Knockout Rats. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12101484. [PMID: 36291693 PMCID: PMC9599468 DOI: 10.3390/biom12101484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in dopaminergic and noradrenergic transmission are considered to be the underlying cause of attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Atomoxetine (ATX) is a selective norepinephrine transporter (NET) inhibitor that is currently used for ADHD treatment. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of atomoxetine on the behavior and brain activity of dopamine transporter knockout (DAT-KO) rats, which are characterized by an ADHD-like behavioral phenotype. Prepulse inhibition (PPI) was assessed in DAT-KO and wild type rats after saline and ATX injections, as well as behavioral parameters in the Hebb-Williams maze and power spectra and coherence of electrophysiological activity. DAT-KO rats demonstrated a pronounced behavioral and electrophysiological phenotype, characterized by hyperactivity, increased number of errors in the maze, repetitive behaviors and disrupted PPI, changes in cortical and striatal power spectra and interareal coherence. Atomoxetine significantly improved PPI and decreased repetitive behaviors in DAT-KO rats and influenced behavior of wild-type rats. ATX also led to significant changes in power spectra and coherence of DAT-KO and wild type rats. Assessment of noradrenergic modulation effects in DAT-KO provides insight into the intricate interplay of monoaminergic systems, although further research is still required to fully understand the complexity of this interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ptukha
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Correspondence: (M.P.); (A.V.)
| | - Zoia Fesenko
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anastasia Belskaya
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Arina Gromova
- Faculty of Biology, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Arseniy Pelevin
- Faculty of Biology, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Natalia Kurzina
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Raul R. Gainetdinov
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anna Volnova
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Faculty of Biology, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Correspondence: (M.P.); (A.V.)
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30
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McWilliams S, Singh I, Leung W, Stockler S, Ipsiroglu OS. Iron deficiency and common neurodevelopmental disorders—A scoping review. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0273819. [PMID: 36173945 PMCID: PMC9522276 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A wealth of human and experimental studies document a causal and aggravating role of iron deficiency in neurodevelopmental disorders. While pre-, peri-, and early postnatal iron deficiency sets the stage for the risk of developing neurodevelopmental disorders, iron deficiency acquired at later ages aggravates pre-existing neurodevelopmental disorders. Yet, the association of iron deficiency and neurodevelopmental disorders in childhood and adolescence has not yet been explored comprehensively. In this scoping review, we investigate 1) the association of iron deficiency in children and adolescents with the most frequent neurodevelopmental disorders, ADHD, ASD, and FASD, and 2) whether iron supplementation improves outcomes in these disorders. Method Scoping review of studies published between 1994 and 2021 using “iron deficiency / iron deficiency anemia” AND “ADHD” OR “autism” OR “FASD” in four biomedical databases. The main inclusion criterion was that articles needed to have quantitative determination of iron status at any postnatal age with primary iron markers such as serum ferritin being reported in association with ADHD, ASD, or FASD. Results For ADHD, 22/30 studies and 4/4 systematic reviews showed an association of ADHD occurrence or severity with iron deficiency; 6/6 treatment studies including 2 randomized controlled trials demonstrated positive effects of iron supplementation. For ASD, 3/6 studies showed an association with iron deficiency, while 3/6 and 1/1 systematic literature review did not; 4 studies showed a variety of prevalence rates of iron deficiency in ASD populations; 1 randomized controlled trial found no positive effect of iron supplementation on behavioural symptoms of ASD. For FASD, 2/2 studies showed an association of iron deficiency with growth retardation in infants and children with prenatal alcohol exposure. Conclusion Evidence in favor of screening for iron deficiency and using iron supplementation for pediatric neurodevelopmental disorders comes primarily from ADHD studies and needs to be further investigated for ASD and FASD. Further analysis of study methodologies employed and populations investigated is needed to compare studies against each other and further substantiate the evidence created.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scout McWilliams
- H-Behaviours Research Lab (previously Sleep/Wake-Behaviour Research Lab), BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Ishmeet Singh
- H-Behaviours Research Lab (previously Sleep/Wake-Behaviour Research Lab), BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Wayne Leung
- H-Behaviours Research Lab (previously Sleep/Wake-Behaviour Research Lab), BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Sylvia Stockler
- H-Behaviours Research Lab (previously Sleep/Wake-Behaviour Research Lab), BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Division of Biochemical Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, BC Children’s Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Osman S. Ipsiroglu
- H-Behaviours Research Lab (previously Sleep/Wake-Behaviour Research Lab), BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Divisions of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Developmental Pediatrics and Respirology, Department of Pediatrics, Sleep/Wake-Behaviour Clinic at Sleep Program, BC Children’s Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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31
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Rosenau PT, van den Hoofdakker BJ, Matthijssen AFM, van de Loo-Neus GHH, Buitelaar JK, Hoekstra PJ, Dietrich A. Withdrawing methylphenidate in relation to serum levels of ferritin and zinc in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 152:31-37. [PMID: 35714551 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Iron and zinc have been associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), executive functioning, and response to methylphenidate, given their link with the dopaminergic system. This study aimed to investigate the effect of withdrawing methylphenidate after long-term treatment on serum levels of ferritin and zinc; and if baseline (pre-discontinuation) serum levels of these nutritional markers moderated the effects of withdrawing methylphenidate on ADHD and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) symptoms, and working memory. Blood samples were collected from 63 children and adolescents who participated in a randomized, placebo-controlled methylphenidate discontinuation study. They were assigned to either seven weeks of continued treatment with methylphenidate or to gradual withdrawal to placebo. With mixed models for repeated measures we (i) compared changes in ferritin and zinc serum levels between both groups, and (ii) investigated moderating effects of ferritin and zinc on the effects of discontinuation on ADHD and ODD symptoms, and working memory. We additionally explored correlations of baseline and change serum levels with respective symptom scores. Withdrawing methylphenidate led to a decrease in ferritin levels. Higher baseline ferritin was associated with a larger increase (i.e., worsening) of teacher-rated hyperactivity-impulsivity and ODD symptoms after withdrawal; and higher baseline zinc with a larger increase in number of errors on the working memory task after withdrawal. Serum levels did not correlate with ADHD and ODD symptoms. Our preliminary results suggest that ferritin and zinc may be potential biomarkers for the effectiveness of long-term treatment with methylphenidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul T Rosenau
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Groningen, the Netherlands; Accare Child Study Center, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Barbara J van den Hoofdakker
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Groningen, the Netherlands; Accare Child Study Center, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Anne-Flore M Matthijssen
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Jan K Buitelaar
- Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Center Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Pieter J Hoekstra
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Groningen, the Netherlands; Accare Child Study Center, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Andrea Dietrich
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Groningen, the Netherlands; Accare Child Study Center, Groningen, the Netherlands
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32
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Buitelaar J, Bölte S, Brandeis D, Caye A, Christmann N, Cortese S, Coghill D, Faraone SV, Franke B, Gleitz M, Greven CU, Kooij S, Leffa DT, Rommelse N, Newcorn JH, Polanczyk GV, Rohde LA, Simonoff E, Stein M, Vitiello B, Yazgan Y, Roesler M, Doepfner M, Banaschewski T. Toward Precision Medicine in ADHD. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:900981. [PMID: 35874653 PMCID: PMC9299434 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.900981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a complex and heterogeneous neurodevelopmental condition for which curative treatments are lacking. Whilst pharmacological treatments are generally effective and safe, there is considerable inter-individual variability among patients regarding treatment response, required dose, and tolerability. Many of the non-pharmacological treatments, which are preferred to drug-treatment by some patients, either lack efficacy for core symptoms or are associated with small effect sizes. No evidence-based decision tools are currently available to allocate pharmacological or psychosocial treatments based on the patient's clinical, environmental, cognitive, genetic, or biological characteristics. We systematically reviewed potential biomarkers that may help in diagnosing ADHD and/or stratifying ADHD into more homogeneous subgroups and/or predict clinical course, treatment response, and long-term outcome across the lifespan. Most work involved exploratory studies with cognitive, actigraphic and EEG diagnostic markers to predict ADHD, along with relatively few studies exploring markers to subtype ADHD and predict response to treatment. There is a critical need for multisite prospective carefully designed experimentally controlled or observational studies to identify biomarkers that index inter-individual variability and/or predict treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Buitelaar
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Sven Bölte
- Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND), Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.,Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden.,Curtin Autism Research Group, School of Occupational Therapy, Social Work and Speech Pathology, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Daniel Brandeis
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Arthur Caye
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nina Christmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Samuele Cortese
- Centre for Innovation in Mental Health, Academic Unit of Psychology, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.,Clinical and Experimental Sciences (CNS and Psychiatry), Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.,Solent National Health System Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom.,Hassenfeld Children's Hospital at NYU Langone, New York University Child Study Center, New York, NY, United States.,Division of Psychiatry and Applied Psychology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - David Coghill
- Departments of Paediatrics and Psychiatry, Royal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Stephen V Faraone
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, NY, United States
| | - Barbara Franke
- Departments of Human Genetics and Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Markus Gleitz
- Medice Arzneimittel Pütter GmbH & Co. KG, Iserlohn, Germany
| | - Corina U Greven
- Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,King's College London, Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sandra Kooij
- Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location VUMc, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,PsyQ, Expertise Center Adult ADHD, The Hague, Netherlands
| | - Douglas Teixeira Leffa
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nanda Rommelse
- Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Department of Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Jeffrey H Newcorn
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Guilherme V Polanczyk
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luis Augusto Rohde
- National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents, São Paulo, Brazil.,ADHD Outpatient Program and Developmental Psychiatry Program, Hospital de Clinica de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Emily Simonoff
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Stein
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Benedetto Vitiello
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, Section of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Department of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MA, United States
| | - Yanki Yazgan
- GuzelGunler Clinic, Istanbul, Turkey.,Yale Child Study Center, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Michael Roesler
- Institute for Forensic Psychology and Psychiatry, Neurocenter, Saarland, Germany
| | - Manfred Doepfner
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty of the University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,School for Child and Adolescent Cognitive Behavioural Therapy, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Tobias Banaschewski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
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Sha Y, Wu H, Guo Y, Liu X, Mo Y, Yang Q, Wei S, Long K, Lu D, Xia Y, Zheng W, Su Z, Wei X. Effects of iodoacetic acid drinking water disinfection byproduct on the gut microbiota and its metabolism in rats. J Environ Sci (China) 2022; 117:91-104. [PMID: 35725093 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.02.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Iodoacetic acid (IAA) is an unregulated disinfection byproduct in drinking water and has been shown to exert cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, tumorigenicity, and reproductive and developmental toxicity. However, the effects of IAA on gut microbiota and its metabolism are still unknown, especially the association between gut microbiota and the metabolism and toxicity of IAA. In this study, female and male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to IAA at 0 and 16 mg/kg bw/day daily for 8 weeks by oral gavage. Results of 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that IAA could alter the diversity, relative abundance and function of gut microbiota in female and male rats. IAA also increased the abundance of genes related to steroid hormone biosynthesis in the gut microbiota of male rats. Moreover, metabolomics profiling revealed that IAA could significantly disturb 6 and 13 metabolites in the feces of female and male rats, respectively. In female rats, the level of androstanediol increased in the IAA treatment group. These results were consistent with our previous findings, where IAA was identified as an androgen disruptor. Additionally, the perturbed gut microbiota and altered metabolites were correlated with each other. The results of this study indicated that IAA could disturb gut microbiota and its metabolism. These changes in gut microbiota and its metabolism were associated with the reproductive and developmental toxicity of IAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Sha
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Huan Wu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Yue Guo
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules Research and Evaluation, Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Xi Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules Research and Evaluation, Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Yan Mo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Qiyuan Yang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Shumao Wei
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Kunling Long
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Du Lu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Ying Xia
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Weiwei Zheng
- Key Laboratory of the Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhiheng Su
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules Research and Evaluation, Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China.
| | - Xiao Wei
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environment and Health Research, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China.
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34
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Trognon A, Richard M. Questionnaire-based computational screening of adult ADHD. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:401. [PMID: 35706020 PMCID: PMC9202159 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-04048-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND ADHD is classically seen as a childhood disease, although it persists in one out of two cases in adults. The diagnosis is based on a long and multidisciplinary process, involving different health professionals, leading to an under-diagnosis of adult ADHD individuals. We therefore present a psychometric screening scale for the identification of adult ADHD which could be used both in clinical and experimental settings. METHOD We designed the scale from the DSM-5 and administered it to n = 110 control individuals and n = 110 ADHD individuals. The number of items was reduced using multiple regression procedures. We then performed factorial analyses and a machine learning assessment of the predictive power of the scale in comparison with other clinical scales measuring common ADHD comorbidities. RESULTS Internal consistency coefficients were calculated satisfactorily for TRAQ10, with Cronbach's alpha measured at .9. The 2-factor model tested was confirmed, a high correlation between the items and their belonging factor. Finally, a machine-learning analysis showed that classification algorithms could identify subjects' group membership with high accuracy, statistically superior to the performances obtained using comorbidity scales. CONCLUSIONS The scale showed sufficient performance for its use in clinical and experimental settings for hypothesis testing or screening purpose, although its generalizability is limited by the age and gender biases present in the data analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Trognon
- Clinicog, 185 rue Gabriel Mouilleron, Nancy, France. .,Lorraine University, 23 Boulevard Albert Ier, Nancy, France.
| | - Manon Richard
- Clinicog, 185 rue Gabriel Mouilleron, Nancy, France ,grid.29172.3f0000 0001 2194 6418Lorraine University, 23 Boulevard Albert Ier, Nancy, France
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35
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Carpena MX, Sánchez-Luquez KY, Martins-Silva T, Santos TM, Farias CP, Leventhal DGP, Berruti B, Zeni CP, Schmitz M, Chazan R, Hutz MH, Salatino-Oliveira A, Genro JP, Rohde LA, Tovo-Rodrigues L. Stress-related genetic components in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): Effects of the SERPINA6 and SERPINA1 genetic markers in a family-based brazilian sample. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 149:1-9. [PMID: 35217314 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
SERPINA6 and SERPINA1 were recently identified as the main genes associated with plasma cortisol concentration in humans. Although dysregulation in the Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis has been observed in Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), the molecular mechanisms underlying this relationship are still unclear. Evaluation of the SERPINA6/SERPINA1 gene cluster in ADHD may provide relevant information to uncover them. We tested the association between the SERPINA6/SERPINA1 locus, including 95 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and ADHD, using data from a Brazilian clinical sample of 259 ADHD probands and their parents. The single SNP association was tested using binary logistic regression, and we performed Classification and Regression Tree (CART) analysis to evaluate genotype combinations' effects on ADHD susceptibility. We assessed SNPs' regulatory effects through the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) v8 tool, and performed a complementary look-up analysis in the largest ADHD GWAS to date. There was a suggestive association between ADHD and eight variants located in the SERPINA6 region and one in the intergenic region between SERPINA6 and SERPINA1 after correction for multiple tests (p < 0.032). CART analysis showed that the combined effects of genotype GG in rs2144833 and CC in rs10129500 were associated with ADHD (OR = 1.78; CI95% = 1.24-2.55). The GTEx assigned the SNPs as eQTLs for genes in different tissues, including SERPINA6, and the look-up analysis revealed two SNPs associated with ADHD. These results suggest a shared genetic component between cortisol levels and ADHD. HPA dysregulation/altered stress response in ADHD might be mediated by upregulation of corticosteroid binding globulin (CBG, encoded by SERPINA6) expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Xavier Carpena
- Post-graduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Mal. Deodoro Street 1160, 3rd Floor, Pelotas, RS, Brazil; Developmental Disorders Program, CCBS, Center of Biological Science and Health, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, Consolação Street, 896 - Building 28, 1st Floor - Consolação, São Paulo, SP, 01302-907, Brazil
| | - Karen Yumaira Sánchez-Luquez
- Post-graduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Mal. Deodoro Street 1160, 3rd Floor, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Thais Martins-Silva
- Post-graduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Mal. Deodoro Street 1160, 3rd Floor, Pelotas, RS, Brazil; Human Development and Violence Research Centre (DOVE), Mal. Deodoro Street, 1160 - 3rd Floor, Pelotas, 96020-220, Brazil
| | - Thiago M Santos
- International Center for Equity in Health, Federal University of Pelotas, Mal. Deodoro Street 1160, 3rd Floor, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Cid Pinheiro Farias
- Post-graduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Mal. Deodoro Street 1160, 3rd Floor, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Daniel Gray Paschoal Leventhal
- International Center for Equity in Health, Federal University of Pelotas, Mal. Deodoro Street 1160, 3rd Floor, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Barbara Berruti
- Post-graduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Mal. Deodoro Street 1160, 3rd Floor, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Cristian Patrick Zeni
- McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1941 East Road, Suite 2100, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Marcelo Schmitz
- ADHD Outpatient Program, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Ramiro Barcelos Street, 400N - Room 2201(a), 2nd Floor - Santana, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-903, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Chazan
- Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Post-graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Ramiro Barcelos Street, 2400 - 2nd Floor - Floresta, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-007, Brazil
| | - Mara H Hutz
- Post-graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Vale Campus, 9500 Bento Gonçalves Ave. - Building 43312M, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Angélica Salatino-Oliveira
- Post-graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Vale Campus, 9500 Bento Gonçalves Ave. - Building 43312M, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Julia P Genro
- Post-graduate Program in Biosciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Sarmento Leite Street, 245 - Centro Histórico, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Luis Augusto Rohde
- ADHD Outpatient Program, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Ramiro Barcelos Street, 400N - Room 2201(a), 2nd Floor - Santana, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-903, Brazil; National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents, 785 Dr. Ovídio Pires de Campos Street, 1(st)floor, Room 6, South Wing - Cerqueira Cesar, São Paulo, SP, 05403-010, Brazil
| | - Luciana Tovo-Rodrigues
- Post-graduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Mal. Deodoro Street 1160, 3rd Floor, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
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36
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Llorens M, Barba M, Torralbas J, Nadal R, Armario A, Gagliano H, Betriu M, Urraca L, Pujol S, Montalvo I, Gracia R, Giménez-Palop O, Palao D, Pàmias M, Labad J. Stress-related biomarkers and cognitive functioning in adolescents with ADHD: Effect of childhood maltreatment. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 149:217-225. [PMID: 35287052 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Our study aimed to explore whether stress-related hormones (hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal [HPA] axis hormones and prolactin) are associated with poorer cognitive functioning in adolescents with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and to test the potential moderating effect of childhood maltreatment. Seventy-six adolescents with ADHD were studied. The ADHD rating scale (ADHD-RS) and Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) were administered. Seven cognitive tasks from the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) were administered, and two cognitive factors (attention and memory as well as executive functioning) were identified by confirmatory factor analysis. Stress-related hormone levels were assessed at the clinic (plasma prolactin and cortisol levels and salivary cortisol levels) before cognitive testing and at home for two consecutive days (cortisol awakening response [CAR] and diurnal cortisol slope). Multiple linear regression analyses were used to explore the association between hormone levels and ADHD severity or cognitive functioning while adjusting for sex and childhood maltreatment. Regarding hormonal measurements obtained at the clinic, female sex moderated the relationship between salivary cortisol levels and executive functioning, whereas childhood maltreatment moderated the relationship between salivary cortisol levels and inattention symptoms of patients with ADHD. Prolactin levels were not associated with cognitive functioning or the severity of ADHD. Regarding HPA axis measurements performed at home, lower cortisol levels at awakening were associated with poorer executive functioning. Neither CAR nor the cortisol diurnal slope were associated with cognitive functioning or ADHD severity. Our study suggests that HPA axis hormone levels are associated with the severity of cognitive and inattention symptoms of patients with ADHD and that childhood maltreatment and sex exert distinct moderating effects depending on the symptom type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Llorens
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Cerdanyola Del Vallès, Spain
| | - Maria Barba
- Department of Mental Health, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Sabadell, Spain
| | - Jordi Torralbas
- Department of Mental Health, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Sabadell, Spain
| | - Roser Nadal
- Institut de Neurociències, Translational Neuroscience Research Unit I3PT-INc-UAB, Spain; Psicobiology Unit, Faculty of Psychology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Spain, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBERSAM), Spain
| | - Antonio Armario
- Institut de Neurociències, Translational Neuroscience Research Unit I3PT-INc-UAB, Spain; Psicobiology Unit, Faculty of Psychology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Spain, Spain; Animal Physiology Unit (Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology), Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Humberto Gagliano
- Animal Physiology Unit (Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology), Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Betriu
- Department of Mental Health, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Sabadell, Spain
| | - Lara Urraca
- Department of Mental Health, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Sabadell, Spain
| | - Susana Pujol
- Department of Mental Health, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Sabadell, Spain
| | - Itziar Montalvo
- Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Cerdanyola Del Vallès, Spain; Department of Mental Health, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Sabadell, Spain; Institut de Neurociències, Translational Neuroscience Research Unit I3PT-INc-UAB, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBERSAM), Spain; Institut D'Investigació I Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT), Sabadell, Spain
| | - Rebeca Gracia
- Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Cerdanyola Del Vallès, Spain; Department of Mental Health, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Sabadell, Spain
| | - Olga Giménez-Palop
- Institut D'Investigació I Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT), Sabadell, Spain; Department of Endocrinology, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, I3PT, Sabadell, Spain
| | - Diego Palao
- Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Cerdanyola Del Vallès, Spain; Department of Mental Health, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Sabadell, Spain; Institut de Neurociències, Translational Neuroscience Research Unit I3PT-INc-UAB, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBERSAM), Spain; Institut D'Investigació I Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT), Sabadell, Spain
| | - Montserrat Pàmias
- Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Cerdanyola Del Vallès, Spain; Department of Mental Health, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Sabadell, Spain; Institut de Neurociències, Translational Neuroscience Research Unit I3PT-INc-UAB, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBERSAM), Spain; Institut D'Investigació I Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT), Sabadell, Spain
| | - Javier Labad
- Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Cerdanyola Del Vallès, Spain; Institut de Neurociències, Translational Neuroscience Research Unit I3PT-INc-UAB, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBERSAM), Spain; Institut D'Investigació I Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT), Sabadell, Spain; Department of Mental Health, Consorci Sanitari Del Maresme, Mataró, Spain.
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Longitudinal associations of pre-pregnancy BMI and gestational weight gain with maternal urinary metabolites: an NYU CHES study. Int J Obes (Lond) 2022; 46:1332-1340. [PMID: 35411100 PMCID: PMC9581342 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-022-01116-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) and pre-pregnancy obesity affect a significant portion of the US pregnant population and are linked with negative maternal and child health outcomes. The objective of this study was to explore associations of pre-pregnancy body mass index (pBMI) and GWG with longitudinally measured maternal urinary metabolites throughout pregnancy. Subjects/Methods: Among 652 participants in the New York University Children’s Health and Environment Study, a longitudinal pregnancy cohort, targeted metabolomics were measured in serially collected urine samples throughout pregnancy. Metabolites were measured at median 10 (T1), 21 (T2), and 29 (T3) weeks gestation using the Biocrates AbsoluteIDQ® p180 Urine Extension kit. Acylcarnitine, amino acid, biogenic amine, phosphatidylcholine, lysophosphatidylcholine, sphingolipid, and sugar levels were quantified. Pregnant people 18 years or older, without type 1 or 2 diabetes and with singleton live births and valid pBMI and metabolomics data were included. GWG and pBMI were calculated using weight and height data obtained from electronic health records. Linear mixed effects models with interactions with time were fit to determine the gestational age-specific associations of categorical pBMI and continuous interval-specific GWG with urinary metabolites. All analyses were corrected for false discovery rate. Results: Participants with obesity had lower long-chain acylcarnitine levels throughout pregnancy and lower phosphatidylcholine and glucogenic amino acids and higher phenylethylamine concentrations in T2 and T3 compared with participants with normal/underweight pBMI. GWG was associated with taurine in T2 and T3 and C5 acylcarnitine species, C5:1, C5-DC, and C5-M-DC, in T2. Conclusions: pBMI and GWG were associated with the metabolic environment of pregnant individuals, particularly in relation to mid-pregnancy. These results highlight the importance of both preconception and prenatal maternal health.
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Tanko D, Barua PD, Dogan S, Tuncer T, Palmer E, Ciaccio EJ, Acharya UR. EPSPatNet86: eight-pointed star pattern learning network for detection ADHD disorder using EEG signals. Physiol Meas 2022; 43. [PMID: 35377344 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6579/ac59dc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective.The main objective of this work is to present a hand-modelled one-dimensional signal classification system to detect Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) disorder using electroencephalography (EEG) signals.Approach.A novel handcrafted feature extraction method is presented in this research. Our proposed method uses a directed graph and an eight-pointed star pattern (EPSPat). Also, tunable q wavelet transforms (TQWT), wavelet packet decomposition (WPD), statistical extractor, iterative Chi2 (IChi2) selector, and the k-nearest neighbors (kNN) classifier have been utilized to develop the EPSPat based learning model. This network uses two wavelet decomposition methods (TQWT and WPD), and 85 wavelet coefficient bands are extracted. The proposed EPSPat and statistical feature creator generate features from the 85 wavelet coefficient bands and the original EEG signal. The learning network is termed EPSPatNet86. The main purpose of the presented EPSPatNet86 is to detect abnormalities of the EEG signals. Therefore, 85 wavelet subbands have been generated to extract features. The created 86 feature vectors have been evaluated using the Chi2 selector and the kNN classifier in the loss value calculation phase. The final features vector is created by employing a minimum loss-valued eight feature vectors. The IChi2 selector selects the best feature vector, which is fed to the kNN classifier. An EEG signal dataset has been used to demonstrate the presented model's EEG signal classification ability. We have used an ADHD EEG dataset since ADHD is a commonly seen brain-related ailment.Main results.Our developed EPSPatNet86 model can detect the ADHD EEG signals with 97.19% and 87.60% accuracy using 10-fold cross and subject-wise validations, respectively.Significance.The calculated results demonstrate that the presented EPSPatNet86 attained satisfactory EEG classification ability. Results show that we can apply our developed EPSPatNet86 model to other EEG signal datasets to detect abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahiru Tanko
- Department of Digital Forensics Engineering, Technology Faculty, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Prabal Datta Barua
- School of Management & Enterprise, University of Southern Queensland, Australia.,Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Australia.,Cogninet Brain Team, Cogninet Australia, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Sengul Dogan
- Department of Digital Forensics Engineering, Technology Faculty, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Turker Tuncer
- Department of Digital Forensics Engineering, Technology Faculty, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Elizabeth Palmer
- Centre of Clinical Genetics, Sydney Children's Hospitals Network, Randwick 2031, Australia.,School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Randwick 2031, Australia
| | - Edward J Ciaccio
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, United States of America
| | - U Rajendra Acharya
- Ngee Ann Polytechnic, Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, 599489, Singapore.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Science and Technology, SUSS University, Singapore.,Department of Biomedical Informatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Chen X, Yao T, Cai J, Zhang Q, Li S, Li H, Fu X, Wu J. A novel cis-regulatory variant modulating TIE1 expression associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in Han Chinese children. J Affect Disord 2022; 300:179-188. [PMID: 34942230 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.12.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The genetic factors of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are far from fully elucidated. This study aims to get additional insight into the genetic structure of ADHD. METHODS First, a transcriptome-wide association study and summary data-based Mendelian randomization analysis were performed to identify ADHD susceptibility genes. Then, genetic variants influencing the expression of the identified susceptibility genes were tested for association with ADHD risk in a sample of Han Chinese children (543 cases and 560 controls). Dual-luciferase reporter gene assays and electrophoretic mobility shift assays were performed to verify the transcriptional regulatory functions of the identified ADHD-associated variants. Additionally, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was applied to quantify the expression levels of target genes in blood samples. RESULTS Both TIE1 and MED8 were identified as ADHD susceptibility genes. Furthermore, we first found the G allele of rs3768046 was significantly associated with an increased risk of ADHD (recessive model: GG vs AA+AG, OR= 1.659, 95% CI= (1.262, 2.181); additive model: GG vs GA vs AA, OR= 1.493, 95% CI= (1.179, 1.890)). Additionally, in vitro functional experiments revealed that rs3768046 might alter TIE1 expression by affecting the binding sites of transcription factors. Moreover, the expression level of TIE1 in the blood samples of patients was significantly higher than that of controls. LIMITATIONS Given the moderate statistical power of this study, it is necessary to verify our findings in other larger samples. CONCLUSIONS Together, this study presents the first systematic evidence of TIE1 with potential implications for the genetic basis of ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinzhen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Ting Yao
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Jinliang Cai
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Shanyawen Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Huiru Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Xihang Fu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China.
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40
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Iv N, Herbein M, Heude B, van der Waerden J, Melchior M, Feart C, Delcourt C, Côté S, De Lauzon-Guillain B, Lioret S, Galera C. Children's Diet at 2 Years and Trajectories of Hyperactivity-Inattention Symptoms and Conduct Problems Between 3 and 8 Years: The EDEN Cohort. J Nutr 2022; 152:484-491. [PMID: 35051294 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the role of diet is increasingly acknowledged in psychiatry, data are still scarce regarding its early impact on the most significant behavioral disorders of childhood (i.e., hyperactivity-inattention and conduct problems). OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to explore the relation between children's dietary patterns at 2 years and developmental trajectories of hyperactivity-inattention and conduct problems between 3 and 8 years. METHODS We recruited 1432 mother-child dyads from the French EDEN (etude sur les déterminants pré- et postnatals du développement et de la santé de l'enfant) mother-child cohort to conduct the analyses. Three dietary patterns, labeled guidelines, processed and fast foods, and baby foods, were identified using an FFQ in children aged 2 years in a previous study. The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire was used to assess hyperactivity-inattention and conduct problems at 3, 5, and 8 years of age and build related trajectories from 3 to 8 years. The relation between children's dietary patterns at 2 years and the worst developmental trajectories of hyperactivity-inattention and conduct problems were determined with multivariable logistic regressions adjusted for potential socioeconomic, maternal, and child confounders. RESULTS The score on the guidelines dietary pattern was negatively associated with the risk of hyperactivity-inattention problems (OR: 0.75; 95% CI: 0.60-0.94), contrary to adherence to the baby foods dietary pattern (OR: 1.41; 95% CI: 1.16-1.71). CONCLUSIONS Distinct patterns of children's diet at 2 years were predictive of developmental trajectories of hyperactivity-inattention problems between 3 and 8 years. These results highlight the relevance of conducting further studies to clarify the mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Iv
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM) unité mixte de recherche 1219 (UMR1219), Bordeaux, France.,University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Marie Herbein
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM) unité mixte de recherche 1219 (UMR1219), Bordeaux, France.,University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Centre Hospitalier Perrens, Bordeaux, France
| | - Barbara Heude
- Université de Paris, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Statistics (CRESS), Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM), Institut national de recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (INRAE), Paris, France
| | - Judith van der Waerden
- Social Epidemiology Research Group, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santée Publique (IPLESP), Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM), unité mixte de recherche scientifique (UMR-S) 1136, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universitées, Université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie (UPMC) Univ Paris 06, Paris, France
| | - Maria Melchior
- Social Epidemiology Research Group, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santée Publique (IPLESP), Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM), unité mixte de recherche scientifique (UMR-S) 1136, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universitées, Université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie (UPMC) Univ Paris 06, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Feart
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM) unité mixte de recherche 1219 (UMR1219), Bordeaux, France
| | - Cécile Delcourt
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM) unité mixte de recherche 1219 (UMR1219), Bordeaux, France
| | - Sylvana Côté
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM) unité mixte de recherche 1219 (UMR1219), Bordeaux, France.,Centre Hospitalier Perrens, Bordeaux, France.,Research Unit on Children's Psychosocial Maladjustment, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Blandine De Lauzon-Guillain
- Université de Paris, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Statistics (CRESS), Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM), Institut national de recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (INRAE), Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Lioret
- Université de Paris, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Statistics (CRESS), Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM), Institut national de recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (INRAE), Paris, France
| | - Cédric Galera
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM) unité mixte de recherche 1219 (UMR1219), Bordeaux, France.,University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Centre Hospitalier Perrens, Bordeaux, France.,Research Unit on Children's Psychosocial Maladjustment, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Kannen K, Aslan B, Boetzel C, Herrmann CS, Lux S, Rosen H, Selaskowski B, Wiebe A, Philipsen A, Braun N. P300 Modulation via Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation in Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Crossover Study. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:928145. [PMID: 35923453 PMCID: PMC9339709 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.928145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A repeated finding regarding event-related potentials (ERPs) is that patients with ADHD show a reduced P300 amplitude. This raises the question of whether the attention of ADHD patients can be increased by stabilizing the P300. Assuming that the P300 is generated by event-related oscillations (EROs) in the low frequency range (0-8 Hz), one approach to increase the P300 could be to stimulate the patient's P300 underlying ERO by means of transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS). The aim of this follow-up study was to investigate this hypothesized mechanism of action in adult ADHD patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Undergoing a crossover design, 20 adult ADHD patients (10 female) received an actual stimulation via tACS on one day and a sham stimulation on another day. Before and after each intervention, EEG characteristics (P300 amplitudes, low frequency power) and attention performances (d2 attention test, visual oddball task (VOT)) were recorded. RESULTS Electrophysiological analyses revealed no evidence for an enhanced P300 amplitude or low frequency power increase after actual stimulation compared to sham stimulation. Instead, a significant effect was found for a stronger N700 amplitude increase after actual stimulation compared to sham stimulation. Consistent with the P300 null results, none of the examined neuropsychological performance measures indicated a tACS-induced improvement in attentional ability. CONCLUSION Contrary to a previous study using tACS to modulate the P300 in adult ADHD patients, the current study yields no evidence that tACS can increase the P300 amplitude in adult ADHD patients and that such P300 enhancement can directly improve neuropsychological parameters of attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyra Kannen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Behrem Aslan
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Cindy Boetzel
- Experimental Psychology Lab, Department of Psychology, Carl von Ossietzky University, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Christoph S Herrmann
- Experimental Psychology Lab, Department of Psychology, Carl von Ossietzky University, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Silke Lux
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Helena Rosen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Benjamin Selaskowski
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Annika Wiebe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Alexandra Philipsen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Niclas Braun
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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42
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Warthen KG, Welsh RC, Sanford B, Koppelmans V, Burmeister M, Mickey BJ. Neuropeptide Y Variation Is Associated With Altered Static and Dynamic Functional Connectivity of the Salience Network. Front Syst Neurosci 2021; 15:629488. [PMID: 34867217 PMCID: PMC8636673 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2021.629488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a neurotransmitter that has been implicated in the development of anxiety and mood disorders. Low levels of NPY have been associated with risk for these disorders, and high levels with resilience. Anxiety and depression are associated with altered intrinsic functional connectivity of brain networks, but the effect of NPY on functional connectivity is not known. Here, we test the hypothesis that individual differences in NPY expression affect resting functional connectivity of the default mode and salience networks. We evaluated static connectivity using graph theoretical techniques and dynamic connectivity with Leading Eigenvector Dynamics Analysis (LEiDA). To increase our power of detecting NPY effects, we genotyped 221 individuals and identified 29 healthy subjects at the extremes of genetically predicted NPY expression (12 high, 17 low). Static connectivity analysis revealed that lower levels of NPY were associated with shorter path lengths, higher global efficiency, higher clustering, higher small-worldness, and average higher node strength within the salience network, whereas subjects with high NPY expression displayed higher modularity and node eccentricity within the salience network. Dynamic connectivity analysis showed that the salience network of low-NPY subjects spent more time in a highly coordinated state relative to high-NPY subjects, and the salience network of high-NPY subjects switched between states more frequently. No group differences were found for static or dynamic connectivity of the default mode network. These findings suggest that genetically driven individual differences in NPY expression influence risk of mood and anxiety disorders by altering the intrinsic functional connectivity of the salience network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine G. Warthen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Robert C. Welsh
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Benjamin Sanford
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Michigan, MI, United States
| | - Vincent Koppelmans
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Margit Burmeister
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute and Departments of Computational Medicine & Bioinformatics, Human Genetics and Psychiatry, The University of Michigan, Michigan, MI, United States
| | - Brian J. Mickey
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
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The role of glucocorticoid receptor gene in the association between attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder and smaller brain structures. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2021; 128:1907-1916. [PMID: 34609638 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-021-02425-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
ADHD is associated with smaller subcortical brain volumes and cortical surface area, with greater effects observed in children than adults. It is also associated with dysregulation of the HPA axis. Considering the effects of the glucocorticoid receptor (NR3C1) in neurophysiology, we hypothesize that the blurred relationships between brain structures and ADHD in adults could be partly explained by NR3C1 gene variation. Structural T1-weighted images were acquired on a 3 T scanner (N = 166). Large-scale genotyping was performed, and it was followed by quality control and pruning procedures, which resulted in 48 independent NR3C1 gene variants analyzed. After a stringent Bonferroni correction, two SNPs (rs2398631 and rs72801070) moderated the association between ADHD and accumbens and amygdala volumes in adults. The significant SNPs that interacted with ADHD appear to have a role in gene expression regulation, and they are in linkage disequilibrium with NR3C1 variants that present well-characterized physiological functions. The literature-reported associations of ADHD with accumbens and amygdala were only observed for specific NR3C1 genotypes. Our findings reinforce the influence of the NR3C1 gene on subcortical volumes and ADHD. They suggest a genetic modulation of the effects of a pivotal HPA axis component in the neuroanatomical features of ADHD.
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Mann C, Schloß S, Cosan A, Becker K, Skoluda N, Nater UM, Pauli-Pott U. Hair cortisol concentration and neurocognitive functions in preschool children at risk of developing attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2021; 131:105322. [PMID: 34175557 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sex differences have been shown in the relation between hair cortisol concentration (HCC) and ADHD symptoms. As an extension of these findings, we analyze whether a child's sex modulates the associations between HCC and ADHD-related neurocognitive functions. METHODS A community-based sample of 122 children was tested at age 4-5 (T1) and 8 (T2) years. At T1 and T2, ADHD symptoms were assessed with clinical parent interviews and parent and teacher questionnaires. Neurocognitive functions (i.e. T1: inhibitory control, working memory (WM), T2: verbal and performance intelligence (IQ-p)) were assessed using (neuro-)psychological tests. At T1, HCC was analyzed in the most proximal 3 cm scalp hair segment using luminescence immunoassay. RESULTS Exclusively in boys, low HCC correlated with low WM and IQ-p. The sex-by-HCC interaction effect on WM was significant. In boys, HCC completely explained the links of ADHD inattention symptoms with WM and IQ-p, respectively. CONCLUSION Results suggest a specific neurocognitive/endocrine profile in preschool boys at risk of developing ADHD, comprising hypocortisolism combined with memory and attention deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Mann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University of Marburg, Hans Sachs Str. 6, D-35039 Marburg, Germany
| | - Susan Schloß
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University of Marburg, Hans Sachs Str. 6, D-35039 Marburg, Germany
| | - Alisa Cosan
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University of Marburg, Hans Sachs Str. 6, D-35039 Marburg, Germany
| | - Katja Becker
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University of Marburg, Hans Sachs Str. 6, D-35039 Marburg, Germany; Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg and Justus Liebig University Giessen, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 6, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Nadine Skoluda
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Vienna, Liebiggasse 5, 1010 Vienna, Austria
| | - Urs M Nater
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Vienna, Liebiggasse 5, 1010 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ursula Pauli-Pott
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University of Marburg, Hans Sachs Str. 6, D-35039 Marburg, Germany.
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Cortisol and inflammatory biomarker levels in youths with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): evidence from a systematic review with meta-analysis. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:430. [PMID: 34413283 PMCID: PMC8377148 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01550-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies reported abnormal cortisol and inflammatory biomarker levels in youths with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but the results have not been conclusive. We conducted a systematic review followed by a meta-analysis of case-control studies assessing blood or saliva cortisol levels and blood levels of inflammatory biomarkers in youth with ADHD. The effect sizes (ES) were synthesized by using a random-effects model. In the 19 studies on cortisol levels (totaling n = 916 youth with ADHD and n = 947 typically developing (TD), healthy youth), youth with ADHD have lower basal cortisol levels at any time-points during the day (effect size: .68; p = 0.004) and lower cumulative levels of cortisol (ES: .39, p = .008) throughout the day than TD youth. Moreover, morning cortisol levels were lower in ADHD youth when compared with TD youth (14 studies, n = 1679, ES: .84, p = 0.003), while there is no difference for the afternoon cortisol levels (p = 0.48). The meta-analysis on inflammation biomarker was conducted on 4 studies (totaling n = 404 youth) showed that Tumour Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α) was lower in ADHD when compared with TD (3 studies, n = 257 youth, p = 0.004), while no differences for Interleukin-1β(IL-1β) (p = 0.21), IL-6 (p = 0.09) and IL-10 (p = 0.77). The lower cortisol in the context of low TNF-α levels may indicate a specific pattern of biomarkers in ADHD, and further investigation is warranted.
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Potential Novel Therapies for Neurodevelopmental Diseases Targeting Oxidative Stress. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6640206. [PMID: 34336109 PMCID: PMC8321748 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6640206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Neurodevelopmental disorders are a category of diseases that is not yet fully understood. Due to their common traits and pathways, often it is difficult to differentiate between them based on their symptoms only. A series of hypotheses are trying to define their etiology, such as neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, and immunology, but none have managed to explain their multifactorial manifestation. One feature that may link all theories is that of oxidative stress, with a redox imbalance as well as several other markers of oxidative damage (on lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids) being observed in both postmortem samples of the brain of patients with schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorders. However, the implication of oxidative stress in pathology is still distrustfully looked upon. For this purpose, in the current paper, we were interested in reviewing the implications of oxidative stress in these disorders as well as the impact of N-acetylcysteine on the oxidative status with a focus on the glutathione level and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor. We were also interested in finding papers targeting the use of antioxidant properties of different plant extracts.
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Szép A, Skoluda N, Schloß S, Becker K, Pauli-Pott U, Nater UM. The impact of preschool child and maternal attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms on mothers' perceived chronic stress and hair cortisol. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2021; 128:1311-1324. [PMID: 34228219 PMCID: PMC8423631 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-021-02377-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Providing care for a child with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with parenting stress. Moreover, adults with elevated ADHD symptoms report increased perceived stress. Despite this, it has rarely been examined whether and how child and maternal ADHD symptoms may affect maternal perceived stress and the stress-sensitive hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis. This study therefore investigated the possible impact of child and maternal ADHD symptoms on mothers' perceived chronic stress and hair cortisol concentration (HCC), while simultaneously considering the effects of child oppositional defiant/conduct disorder (ODD/CD) and maternal depressive symptomatology. In total, 124 mothers (35.96 ± 5.21 years) of preschool children were included. Maternal perceived stress, ADHD and depressive symptoms were assessed using self-report measures. Child ADHD symptoms were assessed using an interview and questionnaires completed by mothers and teachers. Additionally, mothers provided information about their children’s ODD/CD symptoms. Hair samples were taken from mothers to assess HCC. Child and maternal ADHD, child ODD/CD, and maternal depressive symptoms accounted for 50% of the variance in perceived chronic stress (F(4, 119) = 30.24; p < 0.01), with only maternal ADHD (β = 0.52, p < 0.01) and depressive symptoms (β = 0.49, p < 0.01) being uniquely significant. Maternal ADHD symptoms did not moderate the relationship between child ADHD symptoms and maternal perceived chronic stress (b = − 0.01; SE b = 0.17; t(5, 118) = − 0.05; p = 0.96). Mother’s age became the only significant predictor of maternal HCC (β = 0.29; p < 0.01). Based on these findings, practitioners are advised to be aware of and take into account possible maternal ADHD and depressive symptomatology and perceived chronic stress when treating children diagnosed with ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Szép
- Clinical Psychology of Childhood and Adolescence, Department of Psychology, Philipps-University of Marburg, Gutenbergstraße 18, 35032, Marburg, Germany
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Liebiggasse 5, 1010, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nadine Skoluda
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Liebiggasse 5, 1010, Vienna, Austria
| | - Susan Schloß
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University of Marburg, Hans Sachs Str. 6, 35039, Marburg, Germany
| | - Katja Becker
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University of Marburg, Hans Sachs Str. 6, 35039, Marburg, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg and Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Ursula Pauli-Pott
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University of Marburg, Hans Sachs Str. 6, 35039, Marburg, Germany
| | - Urs M Nater
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Liebiggasse 5, 1010, Vienna, Austria.
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Talvio K, Kanninen KM, White AR, Koistinaho J, Castrén ML. Increased iron content in the heart of the Fmr1 knockout mouse. Biometals 2021; 34:947-954. [PMID: 34089433 PMCID: PMC8313461 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-021-00320-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Trace elements have important functions in several processes involved in cellular homeostasis and survival. Dysfunctional metal ion homeostasis can make an important impact on cellular defence mechanisms. We assessed the concentrations of 23 trace minerals in different tissues (brain, spleen, heart and liver) of Fmr1 knockout (KO) mice that display the main phenotype of Fragile X syndrome (FXS), an intellectual disability syndrome and the best-known monogenic model of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Altogether, seven minerals—Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, and P—were above the detection limit with the analysis revealing increased iron content in the heart of Fmr1 KO mice. In addition, levels of iron were higher in the cerebellum of the transgenic mouse when compared to wild type controls. These results implicate a role for dysregulated iron homeostasis in FXS tissues and suggest that defective iron-related mechanisms contribute to increased tissue vulnerability in FXS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karo Talvio
- Faculty of Medicine, Physiology, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 63, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Katja M Kanninen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anthony R White
- Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Cell and Molecular Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jari Koistinaho
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Neuroscience Center, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maija L Castrén
- Faculty of Medicine, Physiology, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 63, 00290, Helsinki, Finland.
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PLS-DA Model for the Evaluation of Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder in Children and Adolescents through Blood Serum FTIR Spectra. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26113400. [PMID: 34205185 PMCID: PMC8199998 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders of childhood. It affects ~10% of the world's population of children, and about 30-50% of those diagnosed in childhood continue to show ADHD symptoms later, with 2-5% of adults having the condition. Current diagnosis of ADHD is based on the clinical evaluation of the patient, and on interviews performed by clinicians with parents and teachers of the children, which, together with the fact that it shares common symptoms and frequent comorbidities with other neurodevelopmental disorders, makes the accurate and timely diagnosis of the disorder a difficult task. Despite the large effort to identify reliable biomarkers that can be used in a clinical environment to support clinical diagnosis, this goal has never been achieved hitherto. In the present study, infrared spectroscopy was used together with multivariate statistical methods (hierarchical clustering and partial least-squares discriminant analysis) to develop a model based on the spectra of blood serum samples that is able to distinguish ADHD patients from healthy individuals. The developed model used an approach where the whole infrared spectrum (in the 3700-900 cm-1 range) was taken as a holistic imprint of the biochemical blood serum environment (spectroscopic biomarker), overcoming the need for the search of any particular chemical substance associated with the disorder (molecular biomarker). The developed model is based on a sensitive and reliable technique, which is cheap and fast, thus appearing promising to use as a complementary diagnostic tool in the clinical environment.
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Krueger RF, Hobbs KA, Conway CC, Dick DM, Dretsch MN, Eaton NR, Forbes MK, Forbush KT, Keyes KM, Latzman RD, Michelini G, Patrick CJ, Sellbom M, Slade T, South S, Sunderland M, Tackett J, Waldman I, Waszczuk MA, Wright AG, Zald DH, Watson D, Kotov R. Validity and utility of Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP): II. Externalizing superspectrum. World Psychiatry 2021; 20:171-193. [PMID: 34002506 PMCID: PMC8129870 DOI: 10.1002/wps.20844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) is an empirical effort to address limitations of traditional mental disorder diagnoses. These include arbitrary boundaries between disorder and normality, disorder co-occurrence in the modal case, heterogeneity of presentation within dis-orders, and instability of diagnosis within patients. This paper reviews the evidence on the validity and utility of the disinhibited externalizing and antagonistic externalizing spectra of HiTOP, which together constitute a broad externalizing superspectrum. These spectra are composed of elements subsumed within a variety of mental disorders described in recent DSM nosologies, including most notably substance use disorders and "Cluster B" personality disorders. The externalizing superspectrum ranges from normative levels of impulse control and self-assertion, to maladaptive disinhibition and antagonism, to extensive polysubstance involvement and personality psychopathology. A rich literature supports the validity of the externalizing superspectrum, and the disinhibited and antagonistic spectra. This evidence encompasses common genetic influences, environmental risk factors, childhood antecedents, cognitive abnormalities, neural alterations, and treatment response. The structure of these validators mirrors the structure of the phenotypic externalizing superspectrum, with some correlates more specific to disinhibited or antagonistic spectra, and others relevant to the entire externalizing superspectrum, underlining the hierarchical structure of the domain. Compared with traditional diagnostic categories, the externalizing superspectrum conceptualization shows improved utility, reliability, explanatory capacity, and clinical applicability. The externalizing superspectrum is one aspect of the general approach to psychopathology offered by HiTOP and can make diagnostic classification more useful in both research and the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kelsey A. Hobbs
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMNUSA
| | | | - Danielle M. Dick
- Department of PsychologyVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVAUSA
| | - Michael N. Dretsch
- US Army Medical Research Directorate ‐ WestWalter Reed Army Institute of Research, Joint Base Lewis‐McChordWAUSA
| | | | - Miriam K. Forbes
- Centre for Emotional Health, Department of PsychologyMacquarie UniversitySydneyNSWAustralia
| | | | | | | | - Giorgia Michelini
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human BehaviorUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCAUSA
| | | | - Martin Sellbom
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand
| | - Tim Slade
- Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance UseUniversity of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Susan C. South
- Department of Psychological SciencesPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA
| | - Matthew Sunderland
- Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance UseUniversity of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
| | | | - Irwin Waldman
- Department of PsychologyEmory UniversityAtlantaGAUSA
| | | | | | - David H. Zald
- Department of PsychologyVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTNUSA
| | - David Watson
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of Notre DameNotre DameINUSA
| | - Roman Kotov
- Department of PsychiatryStony Brook UniversityStony BrookNYUSA
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