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Vítková M, Zarzsevszkij S, Šillerová H, Karlova A, Šimek P, Wimmerová L, Martincová M, Urbánek B, Komárek M. Sustainable use of composted sewage sludge: Metal(loid) leaching behaviour and material suitability for application on degraded soils. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 929:172588. [PMID: 38642754 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Composted sewage sludge was investigated as a promising material for the reclamation or remediation of degraded sites. Using sewage sludge as soil amendment provides environmental benefits and risks while supporting circularity and waste minimisation. This study aims to comprehensively assess the suitability of locally available low-cost sludge treatment for sustainable and environmentally safe topsoil disposal in a brownfield area affected by coal mining. A nine-month composting was conducted before field application to the soil environment. The objectives were to assess: (i) composting time-dependent and pH-dependent metal(loid) leachability from composted sludges, (ii) the effect of sludges on metal(loid) leachability from soil over the first six months, and (iii) metal(loid) plant uptake during the first vegetation season as well as the bioaccumulation and translocation factors. The set of standardised leaching experiments confirmed the positive effect of compost maturity, i.e. despite some fluctuations over time, metal(loid) availability from the final composts was very low. Some metals showed unusual pH-dependent behaviour with the highest leachability at pH 8 due to excessive release of dissolved organic matter from the not-yet-stabilised matrix. Ecotoxicity testing confirmed the safety of the final composts for further soil application. The sludge-amended plots displayed similar metal(loid) leaching and pH evolution in time compared to the control biomass-amended plot. However, plant species (Artemisia vulgaris L.) that formed the natural vegetation cover of the experimental plots showed cumulative metal(loid) uptake. Cadmium and zinc were identified as the critical metals possibly related to the applied sludges, yielding high bioaccumulation and translocation factors. Yet, the quality of the compost feedstock, heterogeneity, and background values of the brownfield site need to be considered. Nevertheless, soil respiration indicated no adverse effects on soil health six months after sludge application. Overall, the composted material demonstrated potential suitability for remediation application in the studied area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Vítková
- Department of Environmental Geosciences, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Praha - Suchdol, Czech Republic.
| | - Szimona Zarzsevszkij
- Department of Environmental Geosciences, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Praha - Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Šillerová
- Department of Environmental Geosciences, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Praha - Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Karlova
- Department of Environmental Geosciences, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Praha - Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Šimek
- Department of Environmental Geosciences, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Praha - Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Wimmerová
- Department of Applied Ecology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Praha - Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Martincová
- Department of Applied Ecology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Praha - Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Boris Urbánek
- DEKONTA, a.s., Dřetovice 109, 273 42 Stehelčeves, Czech Republic
| | - Michael Komárek
- Department of Environmental Geosciences, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Praha - Suchdol, Czech Republic
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Charan K, Bhattacharyya P, Bhattacharya SS. Vermitechnology transforms hazardous red mud into benign organic input for agriculture: Insights on earthworm-microbe interaction, metal removal, and soil-crop improvement. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 354:120320. [PMID: 38377754 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Bioremediation of hazardous bauxite residues, red mud (RM), through vermicomposting has yet to be attempted. Therefore, the valorization potential of Eisenia fetida in various RM and cow dung (CD) mixtures was compared to aerobic composting. Earthworm fecundity and biomass growth were hindered in RM + CD (1:1) feedstock but enhanced in RM + CD (1:3). The pH of highly alkaline RM-feedstocks sharply reduced (>17%) due to vermicomposting. N, P, and K availability increased dramatically with Ca and Na reduction under vermicomposting. Additionally, ∼40-60% bioavailable metal fractions were transformed to obstinate (organic matter and residual bound) forms upon vermicomposting. Consequently, the total metal concentrations were significantly reduced with considerably high earthworm bioaccumulation. Microbial growth and enzyme activity were more significant under vermicomposting than composting. Correlation statistics revealed that microbial augmentation significantly facilitated a metal reduction in RM-vermibeds. Eventually, RM-vermicompost stimulated sesame growth and improved soil health with the least heavy metal contamination to soil and crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasturi Charan
- Agricultural and Ecological Research Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Giridih, 815301, Jharkhand, India
| | - Pradip Bhattacharyya
- Agricultural and Ecological Research Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Giridih, 815301, Jharkhand, India.
| | - Satya Sundar Bhattacharya
- Soil and Agro Bio-engineering Lab, Department of Environmental Science, Tezpur University, Tezpur, 784 028, India.
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Singh A, Sawant M, Herlekar M, Aymerich E, Starkl M. Assessing feasibility of sewage sludge composting in rotary drum reactor. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 394:130219. [PMID: 38104662 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.130219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
In a year-long study, the efficacy of a manually operated rotary drum prototype, jointly developed by CEIT Spain and IIM Mumbai, was examined for sanitized compost production in Indian conditions. The prototype, a 200-liter horizontal plastic drum made of high-density polyethylene, incorporated a perforated polypropylene pipe for passive aeration of the composting mixture. Focused on optimizing composting of sewage sludge from a Municipal MBBR, the research targeted key process variables in the rotary drum reactor to attain the thermophilic phase. Wood shavings emerged as the optimal bulking agent, with a mixing ratio of three parts dewatered sewage sludge to one-part bulking agent. A turning frequency of every 12 h proved optimal for achieving the desired temperature of around 60 °C. The study concluded that the final sludge quality met prescribed standards, showcasing the viability of the rotary drum system for efficient compost production in Indian settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anju Singh
- Sustainability Management, Indian Institute of Management, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400087, India.
| | - Megha Sawant
- Sustainability Management, Indian Institute of Management, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400087, India
| | - Mihir Herlekar
- Sustainability Management, Indian Institute of Management, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400087, India
| | | | - Markus Starkl
- Competence Centre for Decision Aid in Environmental Management, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
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Sundha P, Basak N, Rai AK, Chandra P, Bedwal S, Yadav G, Yadav RK, Sharma PC. Characterization and ecotoxicological risk assessment of sewage sludge from industrial and non-industrial cities. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:116567-116583. [PMID: 35779215 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21648-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The present study highlights the occurrence and the temporal variations of physicochemical properties, and heavy metals in the sludge from sewage treatment plants (STPs) located in industrial (two sites) and non-industrial (one site) cities of Haryana, India. The sludge was acidic (5.59) to neutral (7.21) with a mean EC of 7.4 dS m-1. Prominent heavy metals present in the sewage sludge from industrial sites were Cd, Ni, and Cr with maximum values of 2.83, 1449.0, and 3918.5 mg kg-1, respectively. The contamination and enrichment factor better explained the buildup of Ni, Cr, and Cu in the sewage sludge from industrial sites. The pH, total carbon, phosphorus, and other water-soluble anions, viz. SO42-, Cl-, HCO3-, and PO43-, were the most important attributes of sludge controlling the binding and removal of the metals with particulate matters during the phase separation in STPs. These attributes explained about 90% of the variation in Cd, Ni, Cr, Cu, Mn, and Zn content of the sludge from different STPs. Sludge from the non-industrial site had a low potential ecological risk index of 74.0 compared to a very high-risk index of 2186.5 associated with the industrial sites. This study concludes that besides the concentration of the heavy metals, the enrichment factor coupled with geo-accumulation or ecological risk index can effectively categorize the sludge. However, these indices need to be linked with bioaccumulation, bioaccessibility, and biomass quality under different agroecologies for guiding the safer use of sewage sludge in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parul Sundha
- ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, 132 001, Haryana, India
| | - Nirmalendu Basak
- ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, 132 001, Haryana, India.
| | - Arvind Kumar Rai
- ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, 132 001, Haryana, India
| | - Priyanka Chandra
- ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, 132 001, Haryana, India
| | - Sandeep Bedwal
- ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, 132 001, Haryana, India
| | - Gajender Yadav
- ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, 132 001, Haryana, India
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Mushtaq Q, Joly N, Martin P, Qazi JI. Optimization of Alkali Treatment for Production of Fermentable Sugars and Phenolic Compounds from Potato Peel Waste Using Topographical Characterization and FTIR Spectroscopy. Molecules 2023; 28:7250. [PMID: 37959670 PMCID: PMC10648272 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28217250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Potato peel waste (PPW) was utilized as a bio-template for the production of valuable compounds such as reducing sugars (RS), total sugar (TS) and total phenolic compounds (TPC). Two methods of alkali treatments, i.e., chemical (NaOH) and thermochemical (NaOH assisted with autoclaving) processes, were employed for the deconstruction of PPW. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to study the effects of alkali concentration (0.6-1.0 w/v), substrate concentration (5-15 g) and time (4-8 h) on the extraction of RS, TS and TP from PPW. The application of alkali plus steam treatment in Box-Behnken design (BBD) with three levels yielded the optimum releases of RS, TS and TP as 7.163, 28.971 and 4.064 mg/mL, respectively, corresponding to 10% substrate loading, in 0.6% NaOH for 8 h. However, the alkali treatment reported optimum extractions of RS, TS and TP as 4.061, 17.432 and 2.993 mg/mL, respectively. The thermochemical pretreatment was proven a beneficial process as it led to higher productions of TP. FTIR and SEM were used to analyze the deterioration levels of the substrate. The present work was used to explore the sustainable management of PPW, which is a highly neglected substrate bioresource but is excessively dumped in open environment, raising environmental concerns. The cost-effective methods for the breakdown of PPW starch into fermentable sugars might be utilized to extract valuable compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qudsia Mushtaq
- Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, New Campus, Lahore 54590, Pakistan;
| | - Nicolas Joly
- University Artois, Unilasalle, ULR7519—Unité Transformations & Agro-Ressources, F-62408 Béthune, France;
| | - Patrick Martin
- University Artois, Unilasalle, ULR7519—Unité Transformations & Agro-Ressources, F-62408 Béthune, France;
| | - Javed Iqbal Qazi
- Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, New Campus, Lahore 54590, Pakistan;
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Dede G, Banu Sasmaz Z, Ozdemir S, Caner C, Dede C. Investigation of heavy metal and micro-macro element speciation in biomass ash enriched sewage sludge compost. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 344:118330. [PMID: 37327636 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to enrich the nutrient content of compost and to investigate the passivation and solubilization of plant micronutrients (Fe, Al, Cu, Ni, Zn, Na, Mn), macroelements (P, K, Mg, Ca), and heavy metals (Cr, Cd, Pb) during sewage sludge composting with nutrient-rich biomass ash additives. T0: 0%, T1: 3.5%, T2: 7.0%, and T3: 14.0% dry weight (DW), weight/weight (w/w) biomass ash was added to the sewage sludge + sawdust mixture (volume, 1:1) to obtain the final NPK content and monitored over a 45-day period. Sawdust was used as auxiliary material. The sequential extraction method was used to determine the elemental species. Cr, Cd and Pb showed higher affinity to the residual fraction and occluded in the oxide fraction, which decreased the bioavailability factor (BF) (<1% BF-Cr, 21% BF-Cd and 9% BF-Pb) compared to the control treatment (46% BF-Cr, 47% BF-Cd and 80% BF-Pb). As the amount of biomass ash increased (T1-T3), the percentages of residual Cr (Res-Cr) (10-65%), exchangeable Cd (Exc-Cd) and organically bound Cd (Org-Cd) (14% and 21%), and oxides-Pb (Oxi-Pb) (20-61%) increased. In all composts, Fe, Al, and Cu were associated with organically bound and oxides-entrapped fractions. More than 50% of total Mn and Mg were concentrated mainly in exchangeable fractions, suggesting high mobility and bioavailability (42% BF-Mn and 98% BF-Mg). Ni, Zn, and Na tended to be present in oxide-bound, organically bound, and residual fractions, while K and P were associated with exchangeable and organically bound fractions. The overall results suggest that composting sewage sludge with biomass ash may be the best strategy and technique to overcome soil application bottlenecks because it passivates heavy metals and improves the bioavailability of plant nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulgun Dede
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Sakarya University, 54187, Esentepe, Sakarya, Turkey.
| | - Z Banu Sasmaz
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Sakarya University, 54187, Esentepe, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Saim Ozdemir
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Sakarya University, 54187, Esentepe, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Celal Caner
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Sakarya University, 54187, Esentepe, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Cemile Dede
- Vocational School of Health Science, Sakarya University, 54187, Sakarya, Turkey
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Distribution fractions and potential ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in mangrove sediments of the Greater Bay Area. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:45859-45871. [PMID: 36708483 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25551-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The restoration of mangrove in coastal wetlands of China has been started since the 1990s. However, various pollutants, especially for heavy metals (HMs), contained in wastewater might present a significant risk to mangrove forests during the restoration. In this study, sediments of five typical mangrove wetlands with varying restoration years and management measures in the Greater Bay Area were collected to evaluate the distribution fractions and potential ecological risk of HMs. Cd (0.2-1.6 mg/kg) was found in high concentrations in the exchangeable fraction (37.8-71.5%), whereas Cu (54.2-94.8 mg/kg), Zn (157.6-332.6 mg/kg), Cr (57.7-113.6 mg/kg), Pb (36.5-89.9 mg/kg), and Ni (29.7-69.5 mg/kg) primarily presented in residual fraction (30.8-91.9%). According to the geo-accumulation index (Igeo) analysis, sediment Cd presented a high level of pollution (3 ≤ Igeo ≤ 4), while Zn and Cu were associated with moderately pollution (1 ≤ Igeo ≤ 2). Besides, high ecological risk of Cd was found in sediments of five mangroves, with risk assessment code (RAC) ranging from 45.9 to 84.2. Redundancy analysis revealed that the content of NO3--N was closely related to that of HMs in sediments and, pH value and NO3--N concentration affected the distribution of HMs geochemical fractions. High concentration of HMs in QA and NS sampling sites was caused by the formerly pollutants discharge, resulting in these sediments still with a higher HM pollution level after the plant of mangrove for a long period. Fortunately, strict drainage standards for industrial activities in Shenzhen significantly availed for decreasing HMs contents in mangrove sediments. Therefore, future works on mangrove conversion and restoration should be linked to the water purification in the GBA.
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Udume OA, Abu GO, Stanley HO, Vincent-Akpu IF, Momoh Y, Eze MO. Biostimulation of Petroleum-Contaminated Soil Using Organic and Inorganic Amendments. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12030431. [PMID: 36771516 PMCID: PMC9921818 DOI: 10.3390/plants12030431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The most common approaches for the in-situ bioremediation of contaminated sites worldwide are bioaugmentation and biostimulation. Biostimulation has often proved more effective for chronically contaminated sites. This study examined the effectiveness of optimized water hyacinth compost in comparison with other organic and inorganic amendments for the remediation of crude oil-polluted soils. Water hyacinth was found to be rich in nutrients necessary to stimulate microbial growth and activity. An organic geochemical analysis revealed that all amendments in this study increased total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) biodegradation by ≥75% within 56 days, with the greatest biodegradation (93%) occurring in sterilized soil inoculated with optimized water hyacinth compost. This was followed by polluted soil amended with a combination of spent mushroom and water hyacinth composts (SMC + WH), which recorded a TPH biodegradation of 89%. Soil amendment using the inorganic fertilizer NPK (20:10:10) resulted in 86% TPH biodegradation. On the other hand, control samples (natural attenuation) recorded only 4% degradation. A molecular analysis of residual polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) showed that the 16 PAHs designated by the US EPA as priority pollutants were either completely or highly degraded in the combined treatment (SMC + WH), indicating the potential of this amendment for the environmental remediation of soils contaminated with recalcitrant organic pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ogochukwu A. Udume
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt 500004, Rivers State, Nigeria
| | - Gideon O. Abu
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt 500004, Rivers State, Nigeria
| | - Herbert O. Stanley
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt 500004, Rivers State, Nigeria
| | - Ijeoma F. Vincent-Akpu
- Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt 500004, Rivers State, Nigeria
| | - Yusuf Momoh
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt 500004, Rivers State, Nigeria
| | - Michael O. Eze
- Department of Genomic and Applied Microbiology and Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, Georg-August University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Bioinstrumentation and BioMEMS Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Liu J, Bao Z, Wang C, Wei J, Wei Y, Chen M. Understanding of mercury and methylmercury transformation in sludge composting by metagenomic analysis. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 226:119204. [PMID: 36244140 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Municipal sewage especially the produced sewage sludge is a significant source releasing mercury (Hg) to the environment. However, the Hg speciation especially methylmercury (MeHg) transformation in sewage sludge treatment process remains poorly understood. This study investigated the transformation of Hg speciation especially MeHg in sludge composting. The distribution of Hg transformation related gene pairs hgcAB and merAB, and their putative microbial hosts were comprehensively analyzed. Both Hg (from 3.16±0.22 mg/kg to 3.20±0.19 mg/kg) and MeHg content (from 4.77±0.64 ng/g to 4.36±0.37 ng/g) were not obviously changed before and after composting, but about 19.69% of Hg and 27.36% of MeHg were lost according to mass balance calculation. The metagenomic analysis further revealed that anaerobes (Desulfobacterota and Euryarchaeota) were the mainly putative Hg methylators especially carrying high abundance of hgcA gene in the initial periods of composting. Among the 151 reconstructed metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs), only 4 hgcA gene carriers (Myxococcota, Firmicutes, Cyclobacteriaceae, and Methanothermobacter) and 16 merB gene carriers were identified. But almost all of the MAGs carried hgcB gene and merA gene. The merA gene was widely distributed in genomes, which indicated the widespread functionality of microbes for reducing Hg(II) to Hg(0). The hgcA carrying microbes tends to present the similar metabolic pathways including methanogenesis and sulfur metabolism. Besides, both the irregular distribution of hgcA in various species (including Actinobacteria, Archaea, Bacteroidetes, Desulfobacterota, Euryarchaeota, and Nitrospirae, etc.) and opposite evolution trends between hgcA gene abundance and its host genome abundance can be an indication of horizontal gene transfer or gene deletions of hgcA during composting. Our findings thus revealed that sludge composting is not only a hotspot for Hg speciation transformation, but also a potential hotspot for MeHg transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jibao Liu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Zhen Bao
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Chenlu Wang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Jinyi Wei
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yuansong Wei
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Meixue Chen
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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Huang YH, Chen XH, Li QF, Lü H, Mo CH, Feng NX, Xiang L, Zhao HM, Li H, Li YW, Cai QY. Fungal community enhanced humification and influenced by heavy metals in industrial-scale hyperthermophilic composting of municipal sludge. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 360:127523. [PMID: 35772714 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The succession of fungal community and effects of heavy metals on fungi during industrial-scale hyperthermophilic composting of municipal sludge remain unclear. Results showed hyperthermophilic composting enhanced decomposition and humification of municipal sludge in the short terms, while heavy metal concentrations and speciation had no significant change with high copper and zinc levels (101-122 and 292-337 mg/kg, respectively) in compost samples. The fungal community and its ecological assembly displayed dynamic change during hyperthermophilic composting. Some thermophilic-resistant fungi, such as phylum Ascomycota and genera Candida, Aspergillus, Thermomyces and Petriella dominated in hyperthermophilic phase. Heavy metals served important effects on fungal community structure and functions during composting. Some fungal drivers (e.g., Thermomyces, Petriella and Schizophyllum) and keystone fungi (e.g., Candida and Pichia) might be thermophilic- and heavy metal-resistant fungi which played important roles in decomposition and humification of municipal sludge. This study reveals fungal community accelerating humification and its influencing factors during composting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hong Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Qi-Fang Li
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Huixiong Lü
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ce-Hui Mo
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Nai-Xian Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Lei Xiang
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Hai-Ming Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Hui Li
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yan-Wen Li
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Quan-Ying Cai
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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Composting Strategy Instead of Waste-to-Energy in the Urban Context—A Case Study from Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12042218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The waste-to-energy programs that have taken place in recent years present a daunting picture in terms of sustainable material management. The incineration of much organic and unorganized waste in metropolitan waste treatment facilities is not meet with sustainable development. The solution to this problem may be to increase urban composting programs in the future, which is a sustainable treatment option but also a serious technical challenge. Our research question is whether composting programs can play a key role in rapidly evolving urban ecosystems in Asia, due to the specificities associated with the waste rates outlined and developmental differences outlined. Instead of the waste-to-energy or waste-to-landfill strategies often used today, can central composting focusing on high organic matter content be a suitable alternative? Using the AHP method (Analytical Hierarchy Process), the following alternatives were examined to clarify the issue: Wastes are commingled and processed at the treatment facilities; Classification of organic and non-organic waste at source for composting; Totally separating waste at source before processing at the treatment facilities. We have found that the use of central composting (separation of organic and non-organic waste at source) strategies to support circular development is one of the most innovative development strategies in the fast-growing cities of Asia, in line with E.U. targets.
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Zhang X, Chen S, Ai F, Jin L, Zhu N, Meng XZ. Identification of industrial sewage sludge based on heavy metal profiles: a case study of printing and dyeing industry. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:12377-12386. [PMID: 34564814 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16569-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The illegal disposal of industrial sewage sludge has caused serious environmental pollution. To develop identification technology of industrial sewage sludge based on the characteristic fingerprints is a promising method that is helpful to clarify the responsibility of illegal enterprises. In this study, heavy metal profiles of sewage sludge from industries (including printing and dyeing industry and other industries) and municipal sewage treatment plant located in eastern China were determined, and their performance of classification was evaluated by principal component analysis (PCA) and linear discrimination analysis (LDA). Results showed that heavy metal composition can be an effective tool for distinguishing sewage sludge between printing and dyeing industry and other industries, with an accuracy rate of 82.9%. Meanwhile, heavy metal speciation may be a promising method for identification of printing and dyeing sludge from municipal sewage sludge, the accuracy rate of which reached 100%. Moreover, antimony (Sb) and zinc (Zn) are two indicators, which can be used to identify sewage sludge between printing and dyeing sub-industries, and the accuracy rate was 90%. We concluded that heavy metal profiles may be a precise and promising tool for identification of printing and dyeing sludge. This study developed a potential method for tracing the source of industrial sewage sludge and establishing the identification database of industrial sewage sludge and provided technical support for the government to supervise the illegal dumping and disposal of industrial sewage sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xufeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
- Jiaxing-Tongji Environmental Research Institute, 1994 Linggongtang Road, Jiaxing, 314051, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Shuyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Fangting Ai
- Jiaxing-Tongji Environmental Research Institute, 1994 Linggongtang Road, Jiaxing, 314051, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Limin Jin
- Jiaxing-Tongji Environmental Research Institute, 1994 Linggongtang Road, Jiaxing, 314051, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ningzheng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
- Jiaxing-Tongji Environmental Research Institute, 1994 Linggongtang Road, Jiaxing, 314051, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiang-Zhou Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
- Jiaxing-Tongji Environmental Research Institute, 1994 Linggongtang Road, Jiaxing, 314051, Zhejiang Province, China.
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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Hoang SA, Bolan N, Madhubashani AMP, Vithanage M, Perera V, Wijesekara H, Wang H, Srivastava P, Kirkham MB, Mickan BS, Rinklebe J, Siddique KHM. Treatment processes to eliminate potential environmental hazards and restore agronomic value of sewage sludge: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 293:118564. [PMID: 34838711 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Land application of sewage sludge is increasingly used as an alternative to landfilling and incineration owing to a considerable content of carbon and essential plant nutrients in sewage sludge. However, the presence of chemical and biological contaminants in sewage sludge poses potential dangers; therefore, sewage sludge must be suitably treated before being applied to soils. The most common methods include anaerobic digestion, aerobic composting, lime stabilization, incineration, and pyrolysis. These methods aim at stabilizing sewage sludge, to eliminate its potential environmental pollution and restore its agronomic value. To achieve best results on land, a comprehensive understanding of the transformation of organic matter, nutrients, and contaminants during these sewage-sludge treatments is essential; however, this information is still lacking. This review aims to fill this knowledge gap by presenting various approaches to treat sewage sludge, transformation processes of some major nutrients and pollutants during treatment, and potential impacts on soils. Despite these treatments, overtime there are still some potential risks of land application of treated sewage sludge. Potentially toxic substances remain the main concern regarding the reuse of treated sewage sludge on land. Therefore, further treatment may be applied, and long-term field studies are warranted, to prevent possible adverse effects of treated sewage sludge on the ecosystem and human health and enable its land application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Son A Hoang
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia; Division of Urban Infrastructural Engineering, Mientrung University of Civil Engineering, Phu Yen, 56000, Viet Nam
| | - Nanthi Bolan
- School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6001, Australia; The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6001, Australia.
| | - A M P Madhubashani
- Ecosphere Resilience Research Centre, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka; Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Moratuwa, Moratuwa, Sri Lanka
| | - Meththika Vithanage
- Ecosphere Resilience Research Centre, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Vishma Perera
- Department of Natural Resources, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Sabaragamuwa University, Belihuloya, Sri Lanka
| | - Hasintha Wijesekara
- Department of Natural Resources, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Sabaragamuwa University, Belihuloya, Sri Lanka
| | - Hailong Wang
- Biochar Engineering Technology Research Center of Guangdong Province, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, 528000, China
| | - Prashant Srivastava
- CSIRO, The Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Land and Water, PMB 2, Glen Osmond, South Australia, 5064, Australia
| | - M B Kirkham
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Bede S Mickan
- School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6001, Australia; The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6001, Australia
| | - Jörg Rinklebe
- Laboratory of Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Institute of Soil Engineering, Waste- and Water Science, Faculty of Architecture und Civil Engineering, University of Wuppertal, Germany; Department of Environment, Energy and Geoinformatics, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kadambot H M Siddique
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6001, Australia
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You M, Hu Y, Yan Y, Yao J. Speciation Characteristics and Ecological Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Municipal Sludge of Huainan, China. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216711. [PMID: 34771118 PMCID: PMC8587855 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to fully understand the morphological characteristics and pollution status of heavy metals in the dewatered sludge of Huainan Municipal sewage treatment plant, the physical and chemical properties were analyzed, and the content and occurrence forms of heavy metals (As, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Cr, and Ni) in the sludge were studied using the geological accumulation method (Igeo), risk assessment coding method (RAC), and potential ecological risk index method to evaluate the ecological risk. The results showed that the municipal sludge in Huainan was rich in nutrients, with good prospects for agricultural utilization. There were differences in the morphological distributions of different heavy metals. The Igeo values for Ni, As, Cr, and Pb were below 0. The results of RAC indicated that the risk level of Cr in sludge was a low risk, and those of other heavy metals were moderate risks. The potential ecological risk of Cd had the highest potential ecological risk, and the other six metals were of low ecological risk. This conclusion can provide basic data and a theoretical reference for the comprehensive utilization of sludge in sewage treatment plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu You
- National Center of Coal Chemical Products Quality Supervision & Inspection (Anhui), Huainan 232001, China; (M.Y.); (J.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Bioresource and Environmental Biotechnology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Huainan Normal University, Huainan 232001, China;
| | - Yunhu Hu
- Key Laboratory of Bioresource and Environmental Biotechnology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Huainan Normal University, Huainan 232001, China;
| | - Yule Yan
- National Center of Coal Chemical Products Quality Supervision & Inspection (Anhui), Huainan 232001, China; (M.Y.); (J.Y.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0554-2686992
| | - Jie Yao
- National Center of Coal Chemical Products Quality Supervision & Inspection (Anhui), Huainan 232001, China; (M.Y.); (J.Y.)
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Noor RS, Sun Y, Qu J, Hussain F, Waqas MM, Shah AN, Noor R. Quantifying the effects of co-composting organic biomass mixtures with inorganic amendments to obtain value-added bio-products. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253714. [PMID: 34260590 PMCID: PMC8279329 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Co-digestion of organic biomass mixed with inorganic amendments could have an impact on composting dynamics. Various studies highlighted fertilizers' role as an additive to lesser the nitrogen loss, while some studies focused on the addition of fertilizers to enhance the efficiency. The changes in carbon, nitrogen components, and humic substances during the organic-inorganic co-compost process were seldom studied. Clarifying these changes might help improve the production process and compost nutrients contents. Thus, this study's purpose is to investigate the effects of inorganic amendments on compost characteristics, compost temperature, biochemical methane production (BMP), and nutritional contents. The inorganic phosphorous (P), sulfur (S), and sulfur solubilizing agent (SSA) were added to Farmyard manure (FYM) mixed with biodegradable waste (BW), including wheat straw, corn stalks, and green lawn waste. The P and S amended treatments were carried out into two sets, with and without SSA. The mixed feedstocks were added in the insulated RBC composting pit (15 x 15 x 10 feet). The compost material's moisture content was maintained 50-65% during the entire composting process for optimum waste digestion i.e., the moisture content (MC) of FYM was 82.7% and for BW ranged 8.8-10.2%, while the C/N ratio was found 10.5 for FYM, 74.5 for wheat straw, 83.5 for corn stalks, and 84.8 for lawn waste. At the condition of compost maturity, the inorganic amendments have no significant effect on composted material's moisture content. The maximum organic matter of 69.7% and C/N ratio of 44.6 was measured in T1. On the 6th day of composting, the temperature reached to thermophilic range (>45 oC) in all the treatments due to aeration of compost increased microbial activities and waste decomposition rate and decreased gradually to mesophilic range (35-45 oC) because the supply of high-energy compounds becomes exhausted. The highest temperature was reached in T4 (58 oC) and lowest in CT (47 oC). The significantly maximum methane of 8.95 m3 and biogas burning was 818 minutes in CT, followed by T1 and T4. The results of this study revealed that P enriched compost is a feasible and sustainable way to overcome P deficiency in the soil as well as in plants and best way to use low-grade P and organic waste material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Shahzad Noor
- Department of Agriculture, Biological, Environment and Energy Engineering, College of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Yong Sun
- Department of Agriculture, Biological, Environment and Energy Engineering, College of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Jingbo Qu
- Department of Agriculture, Biological, Environment and Energy Engineering, College of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Fiaz Hussain
- Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Mohsin Waqas
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Adnan Noor Shah
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Rabeea Noor
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
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Lin Q, Zhang J, Yin L, Liu H, Zuo W, Tian Y. Relationship between heavy metal consolidation and H 2S removal by biochar from microwave pyrolysis of municipal sludge: effect and mechanism. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:27694-27702. [PMID: 33515143 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12631-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The synergistic effects of pyrolysis byproduct, biochar (BC) on heavy metal consolidation, and H2S removal during and after from microwave pyrolysis of municipal sludge were studied in this paper. The results showed that above 80% of heavy metals (Zn and Pb) were enriched in the biochar and the leaching toxicity of both heavy metals was lower than the national emission standards. The chemical specification analysis found the sum of acid-soluble/exchangeable fraction (F1) and reducible fraction (F2) for Pb and Zn metals decreased by 26 and 40%; however, the residual fraction (F4) increased 33 and 46%, which contributed to the good stabilization of heavy metals in biochar. Besides, biochar achieved high H2S removal efficiency of 78.4% compared with the commercial activated carbon (AC). Furthermore, the biochar prepared by microwave pyrolysis had excellent adsorption performance, which was attributed to its larger specific surface area of 476.87m2/g under nitrogen atmosphere at 650oC compared with traditional pyrolysis. The mechanism analysis showed that microwave pyrolysis resulted in the high alkaline condition and formation of a large number of microparticles containing large metal elements on the biochar surface, which mainly contributed to the stabilization of heavy metals. The metal oxides adsorbed on the surface of biochar can catalyze the oxidation of H2S absorption, which will change the pH atmosphere of biochar reducing the leaching behavior of heavy metals. This study provided the good application potential of solid waste (biochar) for simultaneous heavy metal stabilization and H2S capture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyuan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, People's Republic of China.
| | - Linlin Yin
- National Engineering Research Center of Urban Water Resources, Harbin, 150090, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, People's Republic of China
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Liu T, Awasthi MK, Awasthi SK, Zhang Y, Zhang Z. Impact of the addition of black soldier fly larvae on humification and speciation of trace elements during manure composting. INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS 2020; 154:112657. [DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2020.112657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
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Abstract
The adoption of sewage sludge as an agricultural management strategy to improve soil properties and crop production is attracting great interest. Despite many positive effects on soil inorganic and organic components reported for different soil types, little information is available on sewage sludge application on Mediterranean soils, as well as on its use at different dose rates. The objectives of the present research was to evaluate, through an integrated approach, the effects of sewage sludge compost from urban wastewater on physicochemical, hydrological, biochemical parameters, and microbiota composition in soil pots under a three-year crop rotation system. Four different doses of sewage sludge compost (C3, C6, C9, C12) from municipal wastewater and a dose of them in combination with mineral fertilizer (C6N) were used. We have used 3-6-9-12 Mg/ha of sewage sludge compost for the treatments C3, C6, C9 and C12, respectively, and 6 Mg/ha of sewage sludge compost in combination with 60 kg/ha of ammonium nitrate for the treatment C6N.The effects were compared to non-fertilized (C0) and mineral fertilized (Min) sets of controls. The electrical conductivity, soil pH, stability of soil aggregates, percent of moisture of the dry soil both at the field capacity and at the wilting point, available P, and exchangeable K were all positively affected by increasing the amounts of composted sludge. The organic carbon and total N increased up to 66% and 39%, respectively. Increased enzymatic activities and microbial biomass were also observed in soil after the application of sewage sludge compost when compared to un-amended control. A higher richness and evenness among the soil plots amended with sewage sludge compost was observed, with no significant differences among the application dose rates, when compared to the un-amended soil control and soil treated with a mineral fertilizer. A three-year amendment was able to separate soil plots amended with high doses of sewage sludge compost from the low dose amended and control samples. Among the microbial groups responsible for such marked separation, bacteria belonging to Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, Cyanobacteria and Bacteroidetes contribute the most, with a shift from oligotrophic to copiotrophic taxa. Significant changes in bacterial composition and taxonomic structure should be considered in order to properly balance agronomic and economic advantages with environmental concerns. After all, our results have evidenced the effects of sewage sludge amendment on different soil properties, microbial activity, and composition already after a short period of application. The findings are particularly relevant in semiarid soils, where an immediate restoration of soil fertility by short-term compost application is needed.
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Li F, Yang F, Chen Y, Jin H, Leng Y, Wang J. Chemical reagent-assisted phytoextraction of heavy metals by Bryophyllum laetivirens from garden soil made of sludge. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 253:126574. [PMID: 32278903 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Making municipal sludge into garden soil is a challenging issue in land using due to the high content of heavy metals, however phytoremediation can reduce the heavy metal pollution in the soil. Three artificial regulators were used in combination to improve phytoremediation of heavy metals by Bryophyllum laetivirens from municipal sludge made garden (MSMG) soil. Results showed that B. laetivirens grew well in MSMG soil and bioaccumulated Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, and Ni by 2.16-11.0 times higher than those grew in local common garden soil. The application of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and microbial liquid (BL) promoted the bioaccumulation of heavy metals of plants in MSMG soil, with 2.1-6.8 times than the control group. The optimum dose for the phytoremediation of B. laetivirens was the combining treatment of 3 mmol kg-1 EDTA, 10-10 M IAA, and 5 ml kg-1 BL, which has been successfully applied in MSMG soil. EDTA treatment is more direct and effective in facilitating HM uptake of root, while the other two treatments play important roles in promoting the transport of HMs in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feili Li
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China.
| | - Feng Yang
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China
| | - Yihao Chen
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China
| | - Hui Jin
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China
| | - Yaling Leng
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China
| | - Jiade Wang
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China.
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Zheng X, Liu Y, Huang J, Du Z, Zhouyang S, Wang Y, Zheng Y, Li Q, Shen X. The influence of variables on the bioavailability of heavy metals during the anaerobic digestion of swine manure. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 195:110457. [PMID: 32182529 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The speciation of heavy metals, besides the total concentrations, urgently need to be considered when assessing the eco-toxicity and the bioavailability of heavy metals in environment. This paper aims to investigate the distribution and chemical speciation (e.g. the acid extractable fraction (F1), the reducible fraction (F2), the oxidizable fraction (F3), and the residual fraction (F4)) of heavy metals during the anaerobic digestion process of swine manure. The majority of six heavy metals from the manure was located in biogas residue in the order of decreasing concentration Zn > Cu > Ni > As > Pb > Cd. The transformation of heavy metals among four fractions was observed during the digestion process, and the change of bioavailable fraction of Zn, Cu, Ni, Cd, As and Pb were 9.71%, -6.04%, -19.24%, 13.62%, -16.48% and -7.22%, respectively. The heat map of correlation coefficients and the stepwise linear regressions model were established to describe the correlation between the bioavailability of the metals and the given digestion variables to predict the influence of the selected variables on the bioavailability of heavy metals. The variations of heavy metal bioavailable fractions are attributed to three key digestion variables, NH4+-N concentration, CH4% in biogas daily yield and pH. These results provide a new perspective for analysis and control of heavy metals during the anaerobic digestion process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiarong Zheng
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, No. 422, Southern Siming Road, Xiamen, 361005, PR China
| | - Yuanqiong Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, No. 422, Southern Siming Road, Xiamen, 361005, PR China
| | - Jiaming Huang
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, No. 422, Southern Siming Road, Xiamen, 361005, PR China
| | - Zhongyi Du
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, No. 422, Southern Siming Road, Xiamen, 361005, PR China
| | - Siyu Zhouyang
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, No. 422, Southern Siming Road, Xiamen, 361005, PR China
| | - Yuanpeng Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, No. 422, Southern Siming Road, Xiamen, 361005, PR China
| | - Yanmei Zheng
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, No. 422, Southern Siming Road, Xiamen, 361005, PR China.
| | - Qingbiao Li
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, No. 422, Southern Siming Road, Xiamen, 361005, PR China
| | - Xiaolong Shen
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Construction Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, 79401, USA.
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Abstract
Composting is the controlled conversion of degradable organic products and wastes into stable products with the aid of microorganisms. Composting is a long-used technology, though it has some shortcomings that have reduced its extensive usage and efficiency. The shortcomings include pathogen detection, low nutrient status, long duration of composting, long mineralization duration, and odor production. These challenges have publicized the use of chemical fertilizers produced through the Haber–Bosch process as an alternative to compost over time. Chemical fertilizers make nutrients readily available to plants, but their disadvantages outweigh their advantages. For example, chemical fertilizers contribute to greenhouse effects, environmental pollution, death of soil organisms and marine inhabitants, ozone layer depletion, and human diseases. These have resulted in farmers reverting to the application of composts as a means of restoring soil fertility. Composting is a fundamental process in agriculture and helps in the recycling of farm wastes. The long duration of composting is a challenge; this is due to the presence of materials that take a longer time to compost, especially during co-composting. This review discusses the proper management of wastes through composting, different composting methods, the factors affecting composting, long-duration composting, the mechanism behind it, the present trends in composting and prospects. The extraction of mono-fertilizers from compost, development of strips to test for the availability of heavy metals and pathogens as well as an odor-trapping technique can go a long way in enhancing composting techniques. The addition of activators to raw materials can help to improve the nutritional quality of compost. This review further recommends that degradable organic material in which composts slowly should be assessed for their ability to mineralize slowly, which could make them advantageous to perennial or biennial crops. Viricides, fungicides, anti-nematodes, and anti-bacterial of plant or organic sources could as well be added to improve compost quality. The enhancement of composting duration will also be useful.
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Effect of Cu(I) ion on electrodeposition of zinc from ChCl-urea deep eutectic solvent. J Solid State Electrochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-020-04608-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Eid EM, Galal TM, El-Bebany AF. Prediction models for monitoring heavy-metal accumulation by wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) plants grown in sewage sludge amended soil. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2020; 22:1000-1008. [PMID: 32062980 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2020.1725866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Prediction of heavy-metal concentration in the edible parts of economic crops, based on their concentration in soil and other environmental factors, is urgently required for human risk assessment. The present investigation aimed to develop regression models for predicting heavy-metal concentration in wheat plants via their contents in sewage sludge amended soil, organic matter (OM) content and soil pH. The concentration of heavy metals in the plant tissues reflected its concentration in the soil with high Fe followed by Al, Mn, Cr, Zn, Ni, Co, Cu, and Pb. Soil OM content had a significant positive correlation with all investigated heavy-metal concentrations in the different tissues of wheat plants, while soil pH was negatively significant with most heavy metals except spike Pb and grain Cr. The bio-concentration factor of Al, Cu, and Zn from soil to wheat root was >1, while that of shoot, spikes, and grains was <1 for all heavy metals. Significantly valid regression models were developed with fluctuated coefficient of determination (R2), high model efficiency (ME) values and low mean normalized average error (MNAE). The significant positive correlations between the concentration of some heavy metals in the soil and the same in wheat tissues indicate the potential of this plant as a biomonitor for these metals in contaminated soils. The significant correlations between heavy-metal concentrations in soil and its properties (pH and OM) with metal concentrations in wheat plants support the prediction model as an appropriate option. This study recommends the use of models with R2 greater than 50% and recommend other researchers to use our models according to their own specific conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahem M Eid
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Kafr El-Sheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Tarek M Galal
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed F El-Bebany
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Aghili SM, Mehrdadi N, Aminzadeh B, Zazouli MA. Using of indigenous bulking agents (IBAs) in complementary stabilization and enhancing of dewatered sludge class B to class a on a full scale. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2019; 17:767-777. [PMID: 32030150 PMCID: PMC6985304 DOI: 10.1007/s40201-019-00393-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Different bulking agents are used in the compost of dewatered sludge (DWS). The aim of this study has been using of indigenous bulking agents (IBAs) in the enhancing of the DWS class of municipal wastewater from class B to class A and complementary stabilization of it for production of green manure in Sari city, Iran. METHODS Three IBAs including the Saccharum Wastes (SW), Citrus Purning Wastes (CPW) and Phragmites Australis (PA) from eight IBAs were selected to be compared with the sawdust (SD) that was as a control bulking agent. Five turned windrow piles were constructed on a full scale and on base of optimal C/N equal 25.All experiments were performed on the base of the standard methods on initial mix and final compost. RESULTS Among five windrow piles, P5 was been the best pile with a weighting ratio of DWS to IBAs (DWS: SW: CPW: PA) equal 1: 0.2: 0.24: 0.28. Pile P1 with weighting ratio DWS: SW equal 1: 0.6, Pile P3 with weighting ratio DWS: PA equal 1: 0.84, Pile P2 with weighting ratio DWS: CPW equal 1: 0.73 and Pile P4 with weighting ratio DWS: SD equal 1: 0.57 were placed in the next rounds. The results showed that the class of DWS enhanced to Class A for about 80 to 97 days and complementary stabilization of DWS by IBAs was done well and produced green manure in term of organic matter, potassium, germination index, PH, C/N and electrical conductivity had reached to the Grade 1 of Iran's manure 10716 standard and in term of phosphorus and moisture had reached to the Grade 2 of this standard. Also heavy metals were below the maximum permissible of standards. CONCLUSION Using of IBAs, had a higher efficiency than the control bulking agent (sawdust) in enhancing sludge class and its stabilization, so that using of them in combination (mix of IBAs) had the highest efficiency and respectively, Saccharum Wastes (SW), Phragmites Australis (PA), Citrus pruning wastes (CPW) were placed in the next round, and sawdust was placed after them. By adding suitable IBAS, with an optimal ratio in turned windrow method, the class of DWS of sari WWTP enhanced to Class A and complementary stabilization of DWS has been well done and the produced green manure has been reached to agricultural standards and can be safely used in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mostafa Aghili
- School of Environment, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasser Mehrdadi
- School of Environment, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behnoush Aminzadeh
- School of Environment, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Zazouli
- Department of Environmental Health Engineerig, School of Health, Medical Science University of Mazandaran, Sari, Iran
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Yu H, Xie B, Khan R, Shen G. The changes in carbon, nitrogen components and humic substances during organic-inorganic aerobic co-composting. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 271:228-235. [PMID: 30273826 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.09.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this article, the changes in carbon, nitrogen components, and humic substances during organic-inorganic aerobic co-composting, with adding biochar as an additive or not, were studied. Results showed that adding a certain amount of inorganic fertilizers had no adverse effects on the compost fermentation process. Biochar enhanced the temperature, pH, oxygen content in the compost piles and ultimately hastened the fermentation process. Biochar contributed to the decomposition of hemicellulose, cellulose, lignin and promoted compost humification. Adding biochar increased the contents of acid hydrolysis nitrogen, amino acid nitrogen, amino sugar nitrogen, unidentified organic nitrogen and decreased the content of ammonia organic nitrogen thus improved nitrogen transformation and reduced nitrogen loss. The addition of biochar increased the nutrients contents in mature composts. The amendment of 10-15% biochar by weight as an additive would be optimum for the co-composting of organic-inorganic materials. These results contributed to produce value-added composting fertilizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyong Yu
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao 266101, China.
| | - Beitao Xie
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 202 Gongyebei Road, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Rayyan Khan
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Guoming Shen
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao 266101, China
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Gusiatin ZM, Kulikowska D, Klik BK, Hajdukiewicz K. Ecological risk assessment of sewage sludge from municipal wastewater treatment plants: a case study. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2018; 53:1167-1176. [PMID: 30596324 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2018.1530333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to characterize sewage sludge from mechanical-biological wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in terms of total concentrations of heavy metals (HMs) and their distribution. Moreover, HM mobility, stability and ecological risk were assessed by calculating the mobility factor (MF), the reduced partition index (Ir) and the ecological risk index (ERI). Hierarchical cluster analysis (CA) was used to group the HMs in the sludges on the basis of their MF, Ir and ERI. The concentration of HMs decreased in the following order: Zn > Cu > Ni > Pb > Cd. HM mobility, as indicated by the MF values, was as follows: 18.7%-30.6% (Zn), 8.1%-36.4% (Ni), 6.8%-11.1% (Cu), 3.2%-32.2% (Pb) and 0% (Cd). Based on the average Ir values, the stability of the metals in the sludge increased in this order: Zn (0.23)=Pb (0.23)<Cd (0.45)=Cu (0.45)<Ni (0.69). Despite the high mobility of some metals, each sewage sludge had low environmental risk, as indicated by the ERI (ERI ≪ 150). The HMs were more similar in terms of their mobility (two clusters) than in terms of their ecological risk (three clusters).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zygmunt M Gusiatin
- a Department of Environmental Biotechnology , University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn , Olsztyn , Poland
| | - Dorota Kulikowska
- a Department of Environmental Biotechnology , University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn , Olsztyn , Poland
| | - Barbara K Klik
- a Department of Environmental Biotechnology , University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn , Olsztyn , Poland
| | - Karolina Hajdukiewicz
- a Department of Environmental Biotechnology , University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn , Olsztyn , Poland
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Bożym M, Siemiątkowski G. Characterization of composted sewage sludge during the maturation process: a pilot scale study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:34332-34342. [PMID: 30298354 PMCID: PMC6245001 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3335-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
This paper determines the impact of the maturation process of composted sewage sludge on the quality of the final product and assesses the stabilization effect. The samples of composted sewage sludge were taken from a wastewater treatment plant located in Pomerania in northern Poland. The sewage sludge was composted in an open windrow composting plant with the addition of straw and wood chips in the turning windrow. The aeration of the sewage sludge mixture was conducted based on two methods. The first phase (intensive degradation phase of 6 to 8 weeks) was characterized by frequently turning; the second phase for maturation used aeration channels (2 to 3 months). In three sampling campaigns samples were taken from the same windrow after 2 (no. 1), 8 (no. 2), and 12 weeks (no. 3) of maturation. Fresh samples were used for analyzing the stabilization parameter as static respiration activity (AT4). Furthermore, the values of pH, organic matter (OM), total organic carbon (TOC), elementary composition, nutrients, total content, and mobile forms of heavy metals were analyzed in the compost samples. A significant decrease was found in the stabilization parameter (AT4) during the maturation of tested materials. In turn, no significant differences were found in the elementary composition. The concentration of most metals increased in the final product. The total content of heavy metals in the final product did not exceed the limit values for the agricultural use of sewage sludge, compost from municipal waste, and for organic fertilizers. There were no significant changes in the percentage of bioavailable and mobile forms of heavy metals during compost maturation. Zinc was characterized by the highest level of mobile and bioavailable forms, which may cause bioaccumulation after the fertilization of soil. The study has shown that the process of maturation of compost from sewage sludge not affects changes in the content of heavy metal forms. The scope of this study has been planned on a wider scale for different variants of sewage sludge composting, in order to evaluate the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Bożym
- Opole University of Technology, Proszkowska 76 street, 45-758, Opole, Poland.
| | - Grzegorz Siemiątkowski
- Building Materials Engineering Division in Opole, Institute of Ceramics and Building Materials, Oswiecimska 21 street, 45-641, Opole, Poland
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Asensio V, Abreu-Junior CH, da Silva FC, Chitolina JC. Evaluation of chemical extractants to assess metals phytoavailability in Brazilian municipal solid waste composts. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 243:1235-1241. [PMID: 30267920 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.09.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Municipal solid wastes (MSW) can be composted to become an organic fertilizer. However, besides plant nutrients, it can also contain high concentration of some toxic metals than can pollute agricultural soils, contaminate food, animals and human being. A greenhouse experiment was carried out for two purposes: i) to evaluate the concentrations of cadmium, copper, chromium, nickel, lead and zinc in four Brazilian MSW composts, and, ii) to know which is the best solution for extracting those metals in phytoavailable form from the composts. In order to evaluate the phytoavailability of metals, they were extracted with six chemical extractants: i) water, ii) 0.05 mol L-1 Ca(NO3)2, iii) 0.1 mol L-1 HCl, iv) 0.005 mol L-1 DTPA at pH 7.3, v) 0.05 mol L-1 CaCl2 and vi) Mehlich 3 solution. In addition, lettuces were cultivated as a test plant in pots containing 1.8 kg of MSW compost as substrate. Fifty-six days later, lettuce plants were harvested. New lettuces were then planted for a second cycle, and then harvested after fifty-six days. Semi-total concentration of metals in composts and total in plants was also determined through an extraction with nitric-perchloric acid. Semi-total concentration of Cd and Pb exceeded the intervention limits from Brazil in the four studied composts, and lettuce plants were polluted by those two elements. Therefore, compost made of MSW must be characterized before being used for agricultural soils. Copper and nickel in phytoavailable were effectively extracted with the strongest chelating agents used, HCl and Mehlich 3, probably because most metal is bound to organic matter in the compost. Cadmium, chromium, lead and zinc were no efficiently extracted with any of the tested extractants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Asensio
- Universidade de São Paulo, Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura (USP/CENA), 13400-970 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
| | - Cassio H Abreu-Junior
- Universidade de São Paulo, Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura (USP/CENA), 13400-970 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Fábio César da Silva
- Embrapa Informática Agropecuária, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA), 13083-886, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - José Carlos Chitolina
- Escola de Engenharia de Piracicaba, Fundação Municipal de Ensino de Piracicaba (FUMEP), 13414-040, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
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Janas M, Zawadzka A, Cichowicz R. The influence of selected factors on leaching of metals from sewage sludge. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:33240-33248. [PMID: 30255271 PMCID: PMC6245026 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3094-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
In Poland, the amount of municipal sewage sludge that contains both organic and inorganic pollutants increases steadily. As a result of penetration of atmospheric precipitations through sludge layers, products of biochemical decomposition of organic matter and soluble mineral compounds are washed away and form contaminated leachates (Arain, J. Hazard. Mater. 154:998-1006, 2008; Fang, J. Hazard. Mater. 310:1-10, 2016; Ignatowicz, Environ. Res. 156:19-22, 2017). Metals contained in these leachates may be particularly burdensome and dangerous, which is due to the toxic nature that disturbs the natural biological balance (Fytili and Zabaniotou, Renew. Sust. Energy Rev. 12 (1): 116-140, 2008). In order to check bio-availability of metals in sewage sludge and find out resulting risks to the environment and human health, apart from the determination of total metal content, speciation analysis is often used. It makes possible a quantitative determination of various chemical forms of metals which are bound in the sewage sludge and finding which of them poses the greatest threat to the environment (Amir, Chemosphere 59:801-810, 2005; Ciba, Waste Manage. 23:897-905, 2003; Hei, Procedia Environ Sci 31:232-240, 2016; Liu, Chemosphere 67(5):1025-1032, 2007).The degree of immobilization of selected metals in sewage sludge has been determined using one of the sequential extraction methods designed to identify groups of compounds with which the metal is bound. Such a method is the Tessier procedure (Janas, Pol J Environ Stud 26(5A):37-41, 2017). Results of this research were used to assess the threat resulting from the increase in the amount of sewage sludge; the management of which is subject to constant restrictions (storage of sewage sludge has been prohibited since January 1, 2016).As a result of the conducted research, it was found that metals in sewage sludge, which undergo various transformations, are very difficult to immobilize. The addition of calcium oxide and an agent supporting the composting process to the sludge does not affect radically the increase of leaching of the analyzed elements from the sludge. Graphical abstract The schema of proceedings in leaching of heavy metals from sewage sludge after various modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Janas
- Faculty of Process and Environmental Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 213, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Alicja Zawadzka
- Faculty of Process and Environmental Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 213, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Robert Cichowicz
- Faculty of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, Politechniki 6, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
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Lin M, Jin M, Xu K, He L, Cheng D. Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria improve the phytoremediation efficiency of Wedelia trilobata for Cu-contaminated soil. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2018; 20:813-822. [PMID: 29775097 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2018.1438351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In a controlled experiment, we assessed the effect of phosphate-solubilizing bacterium (PSB) on the soil metal (Cu2+) phytoremediation by Wedelia trilobata and examined the effect of the interaction of Cu contamination and PSB on the growth of W. trilobata. We also explored the effect of the interaction of Cu contamination and PSB on the soil microflora. The results showed that the removal efficiency of Cu from soil by W. trilobata increased with an increase in the concentration of PSB, and the translocation factors of Cu (i.e., leaf:root and stem:root) were both significantly upregulated by PSB. The PSB significantly promoted the growth of W. trilobata; however, the effect of the Cu-PSB interaction on the leaf net photosynthetic rate (Pn) of W. trilobata was not significant, whereas copper contamination had a significant negative influence on the soil microflora, PSB had a significant positive influence on the soil microflora. Thus, PSB improved the phytoremediation efficiency of W. trilobata in Cu-contaminated soil because of the positive influence on the soil microflora, improving soil quality, which then increased the growth of W. trilobata in Cu-contaminated soil. The vigorous growth of W. trlobata led to higher of Cu absorption and translocation from soil as the ultimate result.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maozi Lin
- a Key Laboratory of Measurement and Control System for Coastal Basin Environment, Fujian Province University (Fuqing Branch of Fujian Normal University) , Fuqing , Fujian Province , Republic of China
- b College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang Province , Republic of China
- c Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process, Fujian Normal University, Ministry of Education , Fuzhou , Fujian Province , Republic of China
| | - Meifang Jin
- a Key Laboratory of Measurement and Control System for Coastal Basin Environment, Fujian Province University (Fuqing Branch of Fujian Normal University) , Fuqing , Fujian Province , Republic of China
| | - Kang Xu
- b College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang Province , Republic of China
| | - Lingchao He
- b College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang Province , Republic of China
| | - Dongliang Cheng
- c Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process, Fujian Normal University, Ministry of Education , Fuzhou , Fujian Province , Republic of China
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Guidi Nissim W, Cincinelli A, Martellini T, Alvisi L, Palm E, Mancuso S, Azzarello E. Phytoremediation of sewage sludge contaminated by trace elements and organic compounds. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 164:356-366. [PMID: 29567421 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Phytoremediation is a green technique being increasingly used worldwide for various purposes including the treatment of municipal sewage sludge (MSS). Most plants proposed for this technique have high nutrient demands, and fertilization is often required to maintain soil fertility and nutrient balance while remediating the substrate. In this context, MSS could be a valuable source of nutrients (especially N and P) and water for plant growth. The aim of this study was to determine the capacity willow (Salix matsudana, cv Levante), poplar (Populus deltoides × Populus nigra, cv Orion), eucalyptus (Eucalyptus camaldulensis) and sunflower (Helianthus annuus) to clean MSS, which is slightly contaminated by trace elements (TEs) and organic pollutants, and to assess their physiological response to this medium. In particular, we aimed to evaluate the TE accumulation by different species as well as the decrease of TEs and organic pollutants in the sludge after one cropping cycle and the effect of MSS on plant growth and physiology. Since MSS did not show any detrimental effect on the biomass yield of any of the species tested, it was found to be a suitable growing medium for these species. TE phytoextraction rates depended on the species, with eucalyptus showing the highest accumulation for Cr, whereas sunflower exhibited the best performance for As, Cu and Zn. At the end of the trial, some TEs (i.e. Cr, Pb and Zn), n-alkanes and PCBs showed a significant concentration decrease in the sludge for all tested species. The highest Cr decrease was observed in pots with eucalyptus (57.4%) and sunflower (53.4%), whereas sunflower showed the highest Cu decrease (44.2%), followed by eucalyptus (41.2%), poplar (16.2%) and willow (14%). A significant decrease (41.1%) of Pb in the eucalyptus was observed. Zn showed a high decrease rate with sunflower (59.5%) and poplar (52%) and to a lesser degree with willow (35.3%) and eucalyptus (25.4%). The highest decrease in n-alkanes concentration in the sludge was found in willow (98.3%) and sunflower (97.3%), whereas eucalyptus has the lowest PCBs concentration (91.8%) in the sludge compared to the beginning of the trial. These results suggest new strategies (e.g. crop rotation and intercropping) to be adopted for a better management of this phytotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werther Guidi Nissim
- Department of Agrifood Production and Environmental Sciences, University of Florence, Viale delle Idee 30, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Alessandra Cincinelli
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, via della Lastruccia, 3, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Tania Martellini
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, via della Lastruccia, 3, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Laura Alvisi
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, via della Lastruccia, 3, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Emily Palm
- Department of Agrifood Production and Environmental Sciences, University of Florence, Viale delle Idee 30, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Stefano Mancuso
- Department of Agrifood Production and Environmental Sciences, University of Florence, Viale delle Idee 30, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Elisa Azzarello
- Department of Agrifood Production and Environmental Sciences, University of Florence, Viale delle Idee 30, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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Salles FJ, Sato APS, Luz MS, Fávaro DIT, Ferreira FJ, da Silva Paganini W, Olympio KPK. The environmental impact of informal and home productive arrangement in the jewelry and fashion jewelry chain on sanitary sewer system. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:10701-10713. [PMID: 29392608 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-1357-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The outsourcing informal home practices adopted in jewelry and fashion jewelry chain can cause toxic substance elimination in the effluents and raise a concern for its environmental impact. This study evaluates if this informal work alters the concentration of potentially toxic elements (PTEs: As, Cd, Cr total and Cr-VI, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, Sn, and Zn) in the sewage network. The sanitary sewage samples (n = 540) were collected in 15 manholes during two campaigns in three different areas of Limeira-SP, Brazil (industrial area, with informal work and without known industrial/informal activity). The sewage sludge (n = 12), raw (n = 12), and treated sewage (n = 12) were collected in two wastewater treatment plants (WWT: AS and TATU) operating with different treatment process. The PTE determination was performed by ICP-OES, direct mercury analysis, and UV-Vis spectroscopy. Cr-VI, Cu, Ni, and Zn were the only elements above the quantification limit. Four samples exceeded Cu or Zn values permitted to be discharged into sewage system; however, the concentration average was lower than that established by Brazilian legislation. A difference was found between values above and below the 75th percentile for campaign and total organic carbon values (p < 0.015). The AS-treated sewage presented low concentrations of Cu (p < 0.05), Zn (p = 0.02), and Ni (p = 0.01) compared to treated sewage from TATU. In the sludge samples, the Cu means exceeded the limits of the Brazilian legislation (1500 mg kg-1) and the Zn results were very close to the limits (2800 mg kg-1). The heterogeneity of the results can indicate the sporadic nature of the PTE's sanitary disposal. PTEs used in jewelry and fashion jewelry chain may precipitate on the sludge, where presented high concentrations of Cu and Zn which require controlled destination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Junqueira Salles
- Environmental Health Department, School of Public Health, São Paulo University, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715, Cerqueira César, Sao Paulo, SP, 01246-904, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Sayuri Sato
- Epidemiology Departament, School of Public Health, São Paulo University, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715, Cerqueira César, Sao Paulo, SP, 01246-904, Brazil
| | - Maciel Santos Luz
- Metallurgical Processes Laboratory, Technological Research Institute of the State of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Wanderley da Silva Paganini
- Environmental Health Department, School of Public Health, São Paulo University, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715, Cerqueira César, Sao Paulo, SP, 01246-904, Brazil
| | - Kelly Polido Kaneshiro Olympio
- Environmental Health Department, School of Public Health, São Paulo University, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715, Cerqueira César, Sao Paulo, SP, 01246-904, Brazil.
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Gondek K, Mierzwa-Hersztek M, Kopeć M. Mobility of heavy metals in sandy soil after application of composts produced from maize straw, sewage sludge and biochar. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 210:87-95. [PMID: 29331853 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Studies on the availability of heavy metals in composted organic materials and in soil amended with these materials are of practical significance. They are used in the assessment of the purity of the soil environment and of the biological value of plants intended for human and animal consumption. Composting of organic materials has a significant effect on changes in mobile forms of heavy metals. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of the addition of biochar and sewage sludge on (i) the contents of water soluble forms of Cu, Cd, Pb, and Zn in composts; and (ii) the contents of mobile forms of these elements in sandy soil after the addition of composts. Addition of sewage sludge and biochar to maize straw did not increase the heavy metal forms extracted with water in total content of heavy metals. The content of Cd and Cu extracted with water in composts produced from maize straw and sewage sludge, and produced from maize straw, sewage sludge and biochar was higher than the one determined in compost produced from maize straw. The content of Pb and Zn extracted with water in compost produced from maize straw, sewage sludge and biochar was lower than in compost produced from maize straw. The addition of sewage sludge and biochar to maize straw had an immobilizing effect on mobile forms of the studied elements compared to compost produced from maize straw and sewage sludge. The addition of composts to soil decreased the contents of mobile forms of Cu, Cd, and Pb extracted with 1 M NH4NO3 compared to the contents in the control soil. However, the content of Zn extracted with NH4NO3 increased in treatments with 0.5% dose of compost produced from maize straw and sewage sludge and 0.5% dose of compost produced from maize straw, sewage sludge and biochar. In none of the analyzed cases, the application of the composts produced did not exceed the acceptable content of studied elements in the soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Gondek
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. Mickiewicza 21, 31-120 Krakow, Poland
| | - M Mierzwa-Hersztek
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. Mickiewicza 21, 31-120 Krakow, Poland.
| | - M Kopeć
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. Mickiewicza 21, 31-120 Krakow, Poland
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Jin C, Nan Z, Wang H, Li X, Zhou J, Yao X, Jin P. Effect of Cd stress on the bioavailability of Cd and other mineral nutrition elements in broad bean grown in a loess subsoil amended with municipal sludge compost. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:7418-7432. [PMID: 29280101 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0994-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Municipal sludge compost (MSC) is commonly used as fertilizer or an amendment in barren soils. However, MSC-borne Cd is of great concern in food safety because of its toxicity. Loess subsoil (LS) is barren and lacks nutrients, but it has a strong ability to absorb and stabilize heavy metals. Hence, LS may be amended with MSC and may reduce the bioavailability of Cd. To simulate the dose effect of the accumulated MSC-borne Cd in amended LS, pot experiments were conducted to study the bioavailability of Cd and other mineral nutrition elements in broad bean (Vicia faba L.) under Cd stress. Plant height and dry biomass remarkably increased as the physicochemical properties of LS were significantly improved; however, they were not significantly influenced by the added Cd. The Cd in the plants grown in MSC amended-LS (P2) mainly accumulated in roots (32.12 mg kg-1) and then in stems and leaves (6.00 mg kg-1). Less Cd (0.74 mg kg-1) accumulated in the edible parts, where the Cd concentration was 53% lower than that in the edible parts of plants grown in LS (P1). The decreased Cd concentrations in the P2 beans may be due to the biomass dilution effect. Notably, the Cd concentrations in the beans exceeded the national safety limit value (0.2 mg kg-1) when the Cd treatment levels exceeded 2 mg kg-1 in LS and 6 mg kg-1 in amended LS. The MgCl2 extraction procedures can be used to assess Cd bioavailability in amended soil-plant systems. The potential antagonism of Zn and Cu against Cd toxicity in the soil-plant system may explain why this plant can tolerate higher Cd concentrations after MSC application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Jin
- Gansu Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education), College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Zhongren Nan
- Gansu Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
- Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education), College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Houcheng Wang
- Gansu Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education), College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xiaolin Li
- Gansu Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education), College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Gansu Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education), College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xun Yao
- Gansu Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education), College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Pen Jin
- College of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Northwest University for Nationalities, Lanzhou, 730000, China
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Zhang C, Xu Y, Zhao M, Rong H, Zhang K. Influence of inoculating white-rot fungi on organic matter transformations and mobility of heavy metals in sewage sludge based composting. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2018; 344:163-168. [PMID: 29032096 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
White-rot fungi, Phanerochaete chrysosporium was inoculated to sewage sludge composting. Its effect on transformation of organic matter and mobility of heavy metals (Zn, Pb, Cu, and Ni) was studied. Detailed sampling was performed to measure C contents in humic extracts (HE), humic acids (HAs), fulvic acids (FAs), humin and distribution of heavy metals, including acid exchangeable fraction (AE), reducible fraction (RED), oxidization fraction (OXI) and residual fraction (RES). In our study, it is evident that the HE, HAs increased obviously and hydrolyzed humin decreased markedly in inoculation. The stabilization rate ((OXI+RES)/(AE+RED)) of Zn, Pb, Cu, and Ni was 20.31%, 7%, 14.3% and 19.79% higher in inoculating reactor. Additionally, the changes of heavy metals fractions could be explained by the organic variables. The results of this study demonstrated that Phanerochaete chrysosporium passivates the heavy metal by provoking the formation of humus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaosheng Zhang
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Water Quality Safety and Protection of the Pearl River Delta, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Ying Xu
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Water Quality Safety and Protection of the Pearl River Delta, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Meihua Zhao
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Water Quality Safety and Protection of the Pearl River Delta, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China.
| | - Hongwei Rong
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Water Quality Safety and Protection of the Pearl River Delta, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Kefang Zhang
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Water Quality Safety and Protection of the Pearl River Delta, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
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Zhang X, Yang H, Cui Z. Migration and speciation of heavy metal in salinized mine tailings affected by iron mining. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2017; 76:1867-1874. [PMID: 28991801 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2017.369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The negative effects of heavy metals have aroused much attention due to their high toxicity to human beings. Migration and transformation trend of heavy metals have a close relationship with soil safety. Researching on migration and transformation of heavy metals in tailings can provide a reliable basis for pollution management and ecosystem restoration. Heavy metal speciation plays an important role in risk assessment. We chose Anshan tailings for our study, including field investigations and laboratory research. Four typical heavy metal elements of mine tailings {Fe (373.89 g/kg), Mn (2,303.80 mg/kg), Pb (40.99 mg/kg) and Cr (199.92 mg/kg)} were studied via Tessier test in vertical and horizontal direction. The main speciation of heavy metals in Anshan tailings was the residual. However, heavy metals have a strong ability for migration and transformation in vertical and horizontal directions. Its tendency to change from stable to unstable speciation results in increasing bioavailability and potential bioavailability. Fe, Mn, Pb and Cr showed different ability in the migration and transformation process (Mn > Pb > Fe > Cr) depending on the characteristics of heavy metals and physicochemical properties of the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250100, China E-mail: ; Xu Zhang and Huanhuan Yang contributed equally to this work
| | - Huanhuan Yang
- School of Life Science, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250100, China; Xu Zhang and Huanhuan Yang contributed equally to this work
| | - Zhaojie Cui
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250100, China E-mail:
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Lu X, Liu L, Fan R, Luo J, Yan S, Rengel Z, Zhang Z. Dynamics of copper and tetracyclines during composting of water hyacinth biomass amended with peat or pig manure. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:23584-23597. [PMID: 28856512 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9979-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Composting is one of the post-treatment methods for phytoremediation plants. Due to a high potential of water hyacinth to accumulate pollutants, the physicochemical parameters, microbial activity as well as fates of copper (Cu) and tetracyclines (TCs) were investigated for the different amended water hyacinth biomass harvested from intensive livestock and poultry wastewater, including unamended water hyacinth (W), water hyacinth amended with peat (WP), and water hyacinth amended with pig manure (WPM) during the composting process. Pig manure application accelerated the composting process as evidenced by an increase of temperature, electrical conductivity (EC), NH4-N, as well as functional diversity of microbial communities compared to W and WP treatments. Composting process was slowed down by high Cu, but not by TCs. The addition of peat significantly increased the residual fraction of Cu, while pig manure addition increased available Cu concentration in the final compost. Cu could be effectively transformed into low available (oxidizable) and residual fractions after fermentation. In contrast, less than 0.5% of initial concentrations of TCs were determined at the end of 60-day composting for all treatments in the final composts. The dissipation of TCs was accelerated by the high Cu concentration during composting. Therefore, composting is an effective method for the post-treatment and resource utilization of phytoremediation plants containing Cu and/or TCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Lu
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Lizhu Liu
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Ruqin Fan
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Jia Luo
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Shaohua Yan
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Zed Rengel
- School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Zhenhua Zhang
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China.
- School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia.
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Leclerc A, Laurent A. Framework for estimating toxic releases from the application of manure on agricultural soil: National release inventories for heavy metals in 2000-2014. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 590-591:452-460. [PMID: 28284653 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.01.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Livestock manure is commonly applied on agricultural land for its fertilising properties. However, the presence of toxic substances in animal manure such as pathogens, antibiotics and heavy metals, can result in damages to ecosystems and human health. To date, although relevant for policy-making, e.g. regulation framing, their releases to agricultural land have been incompletely and inconsistently quantified at global and national scales. Here, we thus developed a generic framework for estimating such releases based on the quantities of manure applied and concentrations of toxic substances. Applying this framework, we built a global release inventory for arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, mercury, nickel, lead and zinc differentiated into 215 countries and 15years (period 2000-2014). Comparisons with more narrowly-focused inventories showed overall consistency in our inventory results, although a number of uncertainties and limitations were identified. In particular, the need for harmonising sampling and analytical methods for estimating heavy metal contents in manure and generating more country-differentiated data, especially for developing countries, should be prioritised by future research studies. Using life cycle impact assessment methods, it was additionally found that mercury, zinc and copper are the substances contributing the most to the toxic impacts on human health and freshwater ecosystems resulting from manure application to land. While countries such as China, India, Russia, Brazil and the United States of America contributed to half the heavy metal releases from manure application worldwide, the impact intensity per area of agricultural land was observed to be highest for island countries, the European Union and South-East Asia because of higher per-area applications of manure. These findings demonstrate the need to perform country-specific impact assessment to support policy-making regulating the concentrations of toxic substances such as heavy metals in utilised manure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Leclerc
- Division for Quantitative Sustainability Assessment, Department of Management Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark.
| | - Alexis Laurent
- Division for Quantitative Sustainability Assessment, Department of Management Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark
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Ignatowicz K. The impact of sewage sludge treatment on the content of selected heavy metals and their fractions. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 156:19-22. [PMID: 28314150 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to assess the physicochemical properties of compost made of municipal sewage sludge from selected Municipal Sewage Treatment Plant. Content of basic macroelements and heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Cr, Cd, Ni, Pb, Hg, Mg, Ca, N, P, K, Na) and their fractions was determined by means of BCR method. Based on the analyzes, it was found that the content of heavy metals in compost did not exceed the limits set by natural land management of sewage sludge; the compost is very abundant in biogenic elements - nitrogen and phosphorus - and it can be also considered a significant source of calcium and magnesium. The analysis of results obtained from the three-stage chemical extraction revealed that deposits subjected to aerobic stabilization and composting accumulate metals (in descending sequence) in fractions III and II, i.e. fractions virtually inaccessible to the ecosystem in optimal conditions of use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Ignatowicz
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Bialystok University of Technology, 45A Wiejska St., Bialystok 15-351, Poland.
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40
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Gutiérrez MC, Serrano A, Siles JA, Chica AF, Martín MA. Centralized management of sewage sludge and agro-industrial waste through co-composting. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2017; 196:387-393. [PMID: 28334677 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this research study, the co-composting process of a waste mixture containing strawberry extrudate, fish waste, sewage sludge and bulking agent (SEFW, 190:1:22:90 ratio) was carried out in a dynamic-solid respirometer at pilot scale. The aerobic biodegradability of the mixture was previously ensured in a static-liquid respirometer. The advantages and drawbacks of the SEFW co-composting process were subsequently identified through the determination of respirometric activity and the physical-chemical characterization of the waste, as well as the monitoring of odor emissions. The evolution of the physical-chemical variables showed that pH increased slightly and that the organic matter concentration, expressed as volatile solids (VS, %) or oxidable organic carbon (COXC, %), decreased by around 15% in both cases and by approximately 56% in its biodegradable form (total organic carbon, TOC, %). The low odor emission rate (OER) in the least favorable scenario (the maximum odor generation) during SEFW composting was 1.59 ouE/s, whereas this figure reached 3.52 ouE/s when only the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) was composted. Consequently, the co-composting of SEFW is more favorable in terms of odor emission and permits the simultaneous treatment of different types of waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Gutiérrez
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Cordoba, Campus Universitario de Rabanales, Edificio Marie Curie (C-3), Ctra. N-IV, km 396, 14071 Cordoba, Spain
| | - A Serrano
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Cordoba, Campus Universitario de Rabanales, Edificio Marie Curie (C-3), Ctra. N-IV, km 396, 14071 Cordoba, Spain
| | - J A Siles
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Cordoba, Campus Universitario de Rabanales, Edificio Marie Curie (C-3), Ctra. N-IV, km 396, 14071 Cordoba, Spain
| | - A F Chica
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Cordoba, Campus Universitario de Rabanales, Edificio Marie Curie (C-3), Ctra. N-IV, km 396, 14071 Cordoba, Spain
| | - M A Martín
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Cordoba, Campus Universitario de Rabanales, Edificio Marie Curie (C-3), Ctra. N-IV, km 396, 14071 Cordoba, Spain.
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Manu MK, Kumar R, Garg A. Performance assessment of improved composting system for food waste with varying aeration and use of microbial inoculum. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 234:167-177. [PMID: 28319765 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Wet waste recycling at generation point will alleviate burden on the overflowing waste dumpsites in developing nations. Drum composting is a potential treatment option for such waste at individual or community level. The present study was aimed to produce compost from wet waste (primarily comprising food waste) in composting drums modified for improved natural air circulation. Effect of microbial inoculum and waste turning on composting process was also studied. The final results showed the production of matured and stable compost in the modified drums. Addition of the microbial inoculum resulted in thermophilic phase within a week time. The self-heating test and germination index (>80%) showed the production of non-phytotoxic and mature compost in the modified drums after 60days. The change in microbial population, humic substances and biological parameters (lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose) during the study is discussed. Moreover, the reduction in waste mass and volume is also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Manu
- Centre for Environmental Science and Engineering (CESE), Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur 440020, India
| | - Anurag Garg
- Centre for Environmental Science and Engineering (CESE), Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India.
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Sharma B, Sarkar A, Singh P, Singh RP. Agricultural utilization of biosolids: A review on potential effects on soil and plant grown. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2017; 64:117-132. [PMID: 28336334 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Environmental and economic implications linked with the proper ecofriendly disposal of modern day wastes, has made it essential to come up with alternative waste management practices that reduce the environmental pressures resulting from unwise disposal of such wastes. Urban wastes like biosolids are loaded with essential plant nutrients. In this view, agricultural use of biosolids would enable recycling of these nutrients and could be a sustainable approach towards management of this hugely generated waste. Therefore biosolids i.e. sewage sludge can serve as an important resource for agricultural utilization. Biosolids are characterized by the occurrence of beneficial plant nutrients (essential elements and micro and macronutrients) which can make help them to work as an effective soil amendment, thereby minimizing the reliance on chemical fertilizers. However, biosolids might contain toxic heavy metals that may limit its usage in the cropland. Heavy metals at higher concentration than the permissible limits may lead to food chain contamination and have fatal consequences. Biosolids amendment in soil can improve physical and nutrient property of soil depending on the quantity and portion of the mixture. Hence, biosolids can be a promising soil ameliorating supplement to increase plant productivity, reduce bioavailability of heavy metals and also lead to effective waste management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavisha Sharma
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Abhijit Sarkar
- Laboratory of Applied Stress Biology, Department of Botany, University of Gour Banga, Malda 732 103, West Bengal, India.
| | - Pooja Singh
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Rajeev Pratap Singh
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India; Department of Civil Engineering, University of Nebraska Lincoln, Lincoln, USA.
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Comparison of total and aqua regia extractability of heavy metals in sewage sludge: The case study of a certified reference material. Trends Analyt Chem 2017; 89:34-40. [PMID: 28413235 PMCID: PMC5380651 DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2017.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A number of different digestion methods, including aqua regia extraction following two ISO guides were used in an inter-laboratory comparison study. The results obtained showed comparable values for the total and aqua regia extractable content of As, Cu, Fe, Hg, Pb and Zn, while Cd, Co and Cr results were about 10% lower when aqua regia was employed. This small difference was covered by the between-laboratory relative standard deviation of the measurements; therefore in this study no difference in the extraction of the elements by the employed methods was found. The high organic matter content, together with low SiO2 and refractory aluminium and iron oxide amount as well as the small particle size of the sewage sludge material was reputed to have an effect on the extracting capacity of a weaker solvent such as aqua regia, bringing its results close to the total content ones. The use of sewage sludge as agricultural fertiliser is regulated in most countries and in particular in Europe by the Directive 86/278/EEC (1986). Total and aqua regia extractable content of 11 elements were determined in sewage sludge through an inter-laboratory comparison study. Total and aqua regia extractable content were comparable within the between-laboratory relative standard deviation of the measurements. The extractability of the elements related to the amount of refractory oxide, organic matter content and small particle size of the sample matrix.
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Wang T, Xue Y, Zhou M, Yuan Y, Zhao S, Tan G, Zhou X, Geng J, Wu S, Hou H. Comparative study on the mobility and speciation of heavy metals in ashes from co-combustion of sewage sludge/dredged sludge and rice husk. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 169:162-170. [PMID: 27875717 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.11.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The co-combustion of sludge (sewage and dredged sludge) with rice husk is expected to become a trend because of its economic and environmental benefits. However, the massive residues from the co-combustion process and the mobility of heavy metals (HMs) warrant special attention. The basic performance and environmental properties of the trace elements (Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ba and Zn) from the co-combustion ashes were studied to promote the further utilization of these materials. These ashes have a shell particle shape, high specific area, high amorphous content and low crystalline phase content. The investigation mainly focused on the environmental properties of these ashes to evaluate the risk of these by-products to the environment. Results show Cu, Mn, and Zn have cumulative leaching concentrations of 1.033, 23.32, and 3.363 mg/L for W, by contrast, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ba, and Zn have cumulative leaching concentrations of 0.488, 0.296, 8.069, 10.44, 2.568, and 2.691 mg/L for H, which are much greater than the Chinese ground water standard (GB/T14848-93). Meanwhile Mn, Zn, Ba, Cr, and Fe all pose a very high risk for H, while Cu only poses a medium risk, and all HMs in W exhibit much lower contamination levels than those in H by the method of risk assessment code (RAC). It indicates that these ashes have undesirably high levels of HMs that demonstrate high mobility and pose environmental risks according to their leachability and chemical speciation. And the HMs in W show lower mobility and environmental hazards than those in H.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Wang
- School of Resource and Environment Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yongjie Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Min Zhou
- School of Resource and Environment Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yunjuan Yuan
- School of Resource and Environment Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Suyun Zhao
- School of Resource and Environment Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Gang Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xian Zhou
- School of Resource and Environment Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Junjun Geng
- School of Resource and Environment Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Shaopeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Haobo Hou
- School of Resource and Environment Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
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Ding F, He Z, Liu S, Zhang S, Zhao F, Li Q, Stoffella PJ. Heavy metals in composts of China: historical changes, regional variation, and potential impact on soil quality. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:3194-3209. [PMID: 27858270 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-8057-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Composts are considered one of major sources that contribute heavy metals to the environment. The objective of this study was to investigate historical changes and spatial variation of metal concentrations in Chinese composts by analysing representative compost samples and published data from 2002 to 2013. Mean concentrations of cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), arsenic (As), mercury (Hg), zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni), and copper (Cu) in the composts were 2.42, 35.52, 32.38, 16.33, 0.32, 258.1, 9.71, and 72.24 mg kg-1, respectively. The percentages of samples with metal concentration exceeding critical levels of Chinese standards for organic fertilizers (NY525-2012) were 28.7, 18.3, 9.6, 1.7, and 0.9%, respectively, for Cd, As, Pb, Cr, and Hg. Modelling predicts that it would take 18, 24, 29, and 48 years for Cu, Zn, Hg, and Cd to reach Category I Environmental Capacity of China (GB15618-1995) according to current application rate. During the 2002-2013 period, concentration of Cd in composts tended to decrease with time, whereas those of Zn, Cu, and As were opposite, which is likely due to less or no control for these elements. Concentrations of Cu, Zn, As, and Cd were generally higher in composts from the economically developed regions in China, where more commercial farms were built that use metal-spiked feeds. Manures from the commercial farms generally had higher metal concentration, as compared to the subsistence farms. Further research is needed to monitor metal concentrations from source materials to composts and assess long-term impact of compost application on soil quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenghua Ding
- Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Indian River Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Fort Pierce, FL, 34951, USA
- Institute of Ecology, Lishui University, Lishui, Zhejiang, 323000, China
| | - Zhenli He
- Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Indian River Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Fort Pierce, FL, 34951, USA.
| | - Shuxin Liu
- Institute of Ecology, Lishui University, Lishui, Zhejiang, 323000, China
| | - Sihai Zhang
- Institute of Ecology, Lishui University, Lishui, Zhejiang, 323000, China
| | - Fengliang Zhao
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan Province, 571101, China
| | - Qinfen Li
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan Province, 571101, China
| | - Peter J Stoffella
- Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Indian River Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Fort Pierce, FL, 34951, USA
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Goswami L, Pratihar S, Dasgupta S, Bhattacharyya P, Mudoi P, Bora J, Bhattacharya SS, Kim KH. Exploring metal detoxification and accumulation potential during vermicomposting of Tea factory coal ash: sequential extraction and fluorescence probe analysis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30402. [PMID: 27456167 PMCID: PMC4960643 DOI: 10.1038/srep30402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Metal contamination from coal ashes (CAs) is widely recognized as a significant environmental concern. To learn more about metal detoxification and accumulation potential of earthworm species, metal-rich tea factory coal ashes (TFCA) were fed to Eisenia fetida and Lampito mauritii by employing a fluorescent tag detection method. Fascinatingly, on feeding fluorescence probed Zn and Cd along with cow dung to Eisenia fetida, the detection of the gut-proteins with a molecular mass higher than 100 kDa was a distinct evidence of metal binding. Significant increases were observed in the content of humified organic C [humic acid (HAC) and fulvic acid C (FAC)] and degree of humification during vermicomposting. Concurrently, considerably large amount of toxic metals (Cr, Cd, Pb, and Zn) was transformed from exchangeable to recalcitrant (organic matter and mineral bound) fractions. Moreover, total metal concentrations were reduced with high removal efficiency upon vermicomposting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linee Goswami
- Department of Environmental Science, Tezpur University, Assam 784028, India
| | - Sanjay Pratihar
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tezpur University, Assam 784028, India
| | - Suman Dasgupta
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Assam 784028, India
| | - Pradip Bhattacharyya
- Agricultural and Ecological Research Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Giridih, Jharkhand 815301, India
| | - Pronab Mudoi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Assam 784028, India
| | - Jayanta Bora
- Department of Environmental Science, Tezpur University, Assam 784028, India
| | | | - Ki Hyun Kim
- Department of Civil &Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-Ro, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea
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Shen Y, Zhao L, Meng H, Hou Y, Zhou H, Wang F, Cheng H, Liu H. Effect of aeration rate, moisture content and composting period on availability of copper and lead during pig manure composting. WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOLID WASTES AND PUBLIC CLEANSING ASSOCIATION, ISWA 2016; 34:578-583. [PMID: 27067429 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x16640063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Pollution by heavy metals, such as copper and lead, has become a limiting factor for the land application of faecal manures, such as pig manure. This study was conducted to investigate the influence of composting process parameters, including aeration rate, moisture content and composting period, on the distribution of heavy metal species during composting, and to select an optimal parameter for copper and lead inactivation. Results showed that the distribution ratios of exchangeable fractions of copper and lead had a bigger decrease under conditions of aeration rate, 0.1 m(3) min(-1) m(-3), an initial moisture content of 65% and composting period of 50 days. Suboptimal composting process conditions could lead to increased availability of heavy metals. Statistical analysis indicated that the aeration rate was the main factor affecting copper and lead inactivation, while the effects of moisture content and composting period were not significant. The rates of reduction of copper-exchangeable fractions and lead-exchangeable fractions were positively correlated with increased pH. The optimal parameters for reducing heavy metal bioavailability during pig manure composting were aeration rate, 0.1 m(3) min(-1) m(-3), initial moisture content, 65%, and composting period, 20 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Shen
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering, Beijing, China China Key Laboratory of Energy Resource Utilization From Agriculture Residue, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Lixin Zhao
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering, Beijing, China China Key Laboratory of Energy Resource Utilization From Agriculture Residue, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Haibo Meng
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering, Beijing, China China Key Laboratory of Energy Resource Utilization From Agriculture Residue, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Yueqing Hou
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering, Beijing, China China Key Laboratory of Energy Resource Utilization From Agriculture Residue, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Haibin Zhou
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering, Beijing, China China Key Laboratory of Energy Resource Utilization From Agriculture Residue, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Rural Energy & Environment Agency, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Hongsheng Cheng
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering, Beijing, China China Key Laboratory of Energy Resource Utilization From Agriculture Residue, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Hongbin Liu
- China Key Laboratory of Non-point Source Pollution Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
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Xiao Z, Yuan X, Leng L, Jiang L, Chen X, Zhibin W, Xin P, Jiachao Z, Zeng G. Risk assessment of heavy metals from combustion of pelletized municipal sewage sludge. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:3934-42. [PMID: 26503007 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5213-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Fly ash and slag are important by-products obtained from combustion of municipal sewage sludge (MSS) after pelletization. The quantitative environmental impact assessment of heavy metals in fly ash and slag, compared to MSS, were performed in accordance with bioavailability and eco-toxicity, geo-accumulation index (GAI), risk assessment code (RAC), and potential ecological risk index (PERI). The results demonstrated that not only direct but also long-term bioavailability and eco-toxicity of heavy metals in fly ash and slag decreased except direct bioavailability and eco-toxicity of Pb in fly ash. The GAI demonstrated that combustion significantly weakened (P < 0.05) the pollution levels of heavy metals. PERI indicated that all risks attributed to heavy metals were significantly lowered (P < 0.05) from 777.07 (very high risk) in MSS to 288.72 (moderate risk) and 64.55 (low risk) in fly ash and slag, respectively. In terms of the RAC, seven heavy metals had low even no risk to the environments after combustion besides As in slag. The environmental risk of heavy metals in fly ash and slag was decreased compared with MSS. However, the results of PERI showed that fly ash had a moderate risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Xiao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingzhong Yuan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Resource-Conserving and Environment-Friendly Society and Ecological Civilization, Changsha, 410083, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lijian Leng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Longbo Jiang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohong Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Resource-Conserving and Environment-Friendly Society and Ecological Civilization, Changsha, 410083, People's Republic of China
| | - Wu Zhibin
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Xin
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhang Jiachao
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangming Zeng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China
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Wang J, Liu G, Lu L, Liu H. Metal distribution and bioavailability in surface sediments from the Huaihe River, Anhui, China. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2016; 188:3. [PMID: 26627208 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-015-5005-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study presents the total concentrations and chemical fractionations of metals (Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni, Fe, and Mn) in 54 surface sediment samples collected from the Huaihe River (Anhui Province) in eastern China. Compared with the average shale values, Zn and Pb exhibited the most substantial anthropogenic enrichment, especially in Fengtai and Huainan areas, the main industrial districts along the Huaihe River (Anhui Province). Low levels of Cu and Ni were observed in the sediments. Based on risk assessment code (RAC), the metals associated with weak acid soluble (F1) in the Huaihe River sediments followed the order: Mn > Zn > Cu > Pb > Ni > Fe. Manganese presented the most potential for releasing into the aqueous environment and can easily enter the food chain. Copper, zinc, nickel, and iron were found dominant in the residual fraction, implying that these four metals were strongly bound to the sediments. Lead showed a different partitioning pattern from that of other metals studied, with a large percentage in Fe-Mn oxide fraction, indicating that slight redox potential changes may make significant influence on the removability of Pb. Moreover, Cu in oxidizable (F3) and residual (F4) fractions presented high positive correlation with organic matter, which can explain the high percentage of Cu in these two fractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710075, China.
| | - Guijian Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710075, China.
| | - Lanlan Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Houqi Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
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Duan M, Yang J, Gu J, Qian X, Sun W, Gao H, Wang X. Effects of sulphamethazine and zinc on the functional diversity of microbial communities during composting. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2015; 37:1357-1368. [PMID: 26540188 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2015.1115131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The changes in the functional diversity of the microbial community in a compost matrix with a single or compound addition of zinc (Zn; 0, 600, and 1800 mg/kg) and sulphamethazine (SM2; 0, 1, and 25 mg/kg) were studied with the Biolog method during composting. The microbial community was extracted from the compost matrix comprising swine manure and wheat straw at day 6 (themophilic period) and day 25 (mature period) of composting. Results proved that the Shannon index, average well-colour development, and substrate utilization significantly decreased as the concentrations of SM2 and Zn increased on day 6. The negative effect of the combined addition of SM2 and Zn was lower than that of the individual addition of SM2 and Zn. On day 25, the inhibition effect disappeared, and microbial metabolic activities were higher than those on day 6. The effects of SM2 and Zn could be further differentiated via the principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis. On day 6, the treatments were divided into three groups by PC1 and PC2. The separation of the different treatments in the PCA plots became increasingly apparent on day 25. In conclusion, the effects of SM2 and Zn on the microbial community during composting became evident in the themophilic period and that the microbial activity recovered in the mature period. The combination of SM2 and Zn decreased the inhibition with the addition of individual additive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manli Duan
- a College of Natural Resources and Environment , Northwest A&F University , Yangling , People's Republic of China
| | - Jiu Yang
- a College of Natural Resources and Environment , Northwest A&F University , Yangling , People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Gu
- a College of Natural Resources and Environment , Northwest A&F University , Yangling , People's Republic of China
| | - Xun Qian
- a College of Natural Resources and Environment , Northwest A&F University , Yangling , People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Sun
- a College of Natural Resources and Environment , Northwest A&F University , Yangling , People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Gao
- a College of Natural Resources and Environment , Northwest A&F University , Yangling , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojuan Wang
- a College of Natural Resources and Environment , Northwest A&F University , Yangling , People's Republic of China
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