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Daka B, Bennet L, Råstam L, Hellgren MI, Li Y, Magnusson M, Lindblad U. Association between self-reported alcohol consumption and diastolic dysfunction: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e069937. [PMID: 37821143 PMCID: PMC10583109 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-069937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES While alcohol consumption is associated with common risk factors for diastolic dysfunction the independent impact of low levels of alcohol consumption on this condition in a community setting is still unclear.Thus, the aim of this study was to explore this association in a representative population sample employing optimal echocardiographic techniques. DESIGN Cross-sectional observational study in community-based population. SETTINGS, PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS Participants between 30 and 75 years of age were consecutively invited to a physical examination, interview, conventional echocardiography, including Tissue Velocity Imaging. Diastolic dysfunction was defined according to the European Society of Cardiology criteria, excluding subjects with ejection fraction <45%, self-reported history of heart failure or atrial fibrillation on ECG. Self-reported alcohol intake using a validated questionnaire was categorised as no intake, low and medium-high intake. RESULTS In total, 500 men and 538 women (mean age 55.4±13) were successfully examined. Diastolic dysfunction was identified in 16% (79/500) of the men and 13% (58/538) of the women. The multivariable adjusted model revealed a strong and independent association between alcohol intake and diastolic dysfunction. In fact, using no alcohol intake as reference, diastolic dysfunction was independently associated with alcohol consumption in a dose-dependent fashion; low consumption, OR 2.3 (95% CI 1.3 to 4.0) and medium-high consumption OR 3.1 (95% CI 1.6 to 6.2), respectively. CONCLUSION There was a significant association between alcohol consumption and diastolic dysfunction starting already at low levels that was supported by a dose-dependent pattern. These results need confirmatory studies and are important in public health policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bledar Daka
- Medicine, University of Gothenburg Sahlgrenska Academy, Goteborg, Sweden
| | - Louise Bennet
- Family Medicine, Deaprtment of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmo, Sweden
| | - Lennart Råstam
- Family Medicine, Deaprtment of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmo, Sweden
| | | | - Ying Li
- Medicine, Sahlgrenska Akademy, Goteborg, Sweden
| | | | - Ulf Lindblad
- Family Medicine, Deaprtment of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmo, Sweden
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Ottarsdottir K, Tivesten Å, Li Y, Lindblad U, Hellgren M, Ohlsson C, Daka B. Cardiometabolic risk factors and endogenous sex hormones in postmenopausal women: a cross-sectional study. J Endocr Soc 2022; 6:bvac050. [PMID: 35480632 PMCID: PMC9037133 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvac050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Context It is uncertain which cardiovascular risk factors are associated with sex hormone levels in postmenopausal women. Objective This work aimed to investigate the association between cardiometabolic risk factors and sex hormones in a cross-sectional, observational population study. Methods In this Swedish population study, participants were physically examined from 2002 to 2004, and endogenous sex hormones were analyzed by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Women aged 55 years or older with estradiol levels below 20 pg/mL and not using any hormonal therapy were eligible for inclusion in the study (N = 146). Variable selection and bootstrap stability analyses were performed and linear regression models presented, with each of the 8 hormones as outcome variables. Results Body mass index (BMI) was positively associated with estradiol (β = 0.054, P < .001), but negatively associated with 17-α-hydroxyprogesterone (β = –0.023, P = .028). Waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) was negatively associated with dihydrotestosterone (β = –2.195, P = .002) and testosterone (β = –1.541, P = .004). The homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance was positively associated with androstenedione (β = 0.071, P = .032), estradiol (β = 0.091, P = .009), estrone (β = 0.075, P = 0.009), and 17-α-hydroxyprogesterone (β = 0.157, P = .001). Age was positively associated with testosterone (β = 0.017, P = .042). C-reactive protein showed an inverse association with progesterone (β = –0.028, P = .037). Lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol was associated with higher estradiol levels (β = –0.093, P = .049), whereas lower triglycerides were associated with higher concentrations of dihydrotestosterone (β = –0.208, P = .016). Conclusion In postmenopausal women, WHR was strongly inversely associated with androgens, while BMI was positively associated with estrogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Ottarsdottir
- General practice - Family medicine, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- The Local Research and Development Council Södra Älvsborg, Sweden
| | - Åsa Tivesten
- Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Endocrinology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ying Li
- Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ulf Lindblad
- General practice - Family medicine, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Margareta Hellgren
- General practice - Family medicine, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Claes Ohlsson
- Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Drug Treatment, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Bledar Daka
- General practice - Family medicine, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Long Z, Huang L, Lyu J, Xia Y, Chen Y, Li R, Wang Y, Li S. Trends of central obesity and associations with nutrients intake and daily behaviors among women of childbearing age in China. BMC Womens Health 2022; 22:12. [PMID: 35016648 PMCID: PMC8753840 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-022-01600-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity among women of childbearing age has becoming an important public health concern. We aimed to describe the trends of central obesity among Chinese women of childbearing age from 2004 to 2011 and to examine its associations with nutrients intake and daily behaviors. Methods Longitudinal data were derived from the China Health and Nutrition Survey. Participants consisted of 2481 women aged 15–44 years old. WC (Waist circumference) and WHtR (Waist to height ratio) were adopted as indicators of central obesity. Generalized linear mixed model was performed to analyze the associations of nutrients intake and daily behaviors with central obesity. Results From 2004 to 2011, the prevalence of central obesity among Chinese women of childbearing age increased from 21.6 to 30.7% (WC as indice) or from 22.8 to 32.6% (WHtR as indice) (both p < 0.001). Protein intake above the AMDR (Acceptable macronutrient distribution range) (OR = 1.21, 95% CI 1.05–1.39, p < 0.01) and non-participation in LTPA (Leisure time physical activity) (OR = 1.45, 95% CI 1.17–1.80, p < 0.001) were risk factors for high WC, and the latter was also associated with high WHtR (OR = 1.36, 95% CI 1.10–1.67, p < 0.01). For those women who had high WC & high WHtR, the impacts of protein intake and LTPA became stronger, especial LTPA (OR = 1.53, 95% CI 1.21–1.94, p < 0.001). Age-stratified analyses found that non-participation in LTPA was key factor for central obesity in 15–34 age group, while protein intake above the AMDR was pronounced in the 35–44 age group. Conclusions Non-participation in LTPA and protein intake above the AMDR were significant contributors of central obesity, which could be intervention targets to deal with the growing trend of central obesity among women of childbearing age. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12905-022-01600-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zichong Long
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 227 South Chongqing Road, Huangpu District, 200025, Shanghai, China
| | - Lili Huang
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 227 South Chongqing Road, Huangpu District, 200025, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiajun Lyu
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 227 South Chongqing Road, Huangpu District, 200025, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanqing Xia
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 227 South Chongqing Road, Huangpu District, 200025, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiting Chen
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 227 South Chongqing Road, Huangpu District, 200025, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Li
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 227 South Chongqing Road, Huangpu District, 200025, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanlin Wang
- Prenatal Diagnosis Department, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 910 Hengshan Road, Xuhui District, 200030, Shanghai, China.
| | - Shenghui Li
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 227 South Chongqing Road, Huangpu District, 200025, Shanghai, China. .,MOE - Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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Enikuomehin AC, Adejumo OA, Akinbodewa AA, Muhammad FY, Lawal OM, Junaid OA. Type 2 diabetes mellitus risk assessment among doctors in Ondo state. Malawi Med J 2021; 33:114-120. [PMID: 34777706 PMCID: PMC8560352 DOI: 10.4314/mmj.v33i2.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Diabetes Mellitus (DM) has become a disease of public health importance in Nigeria. Early identification of DM risk is important in the reduction of this disease burden. This study assessed ten-year risk of developing type 2 DM among some medical doctors in Ondo State. Methods This was a cross-sectional study that assessed ten-year risk of developing type 2 DM among some doctors using the Finland Diabetic Risk Score form. Known diabetics were excluded from the study. Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), blood pressure and total DM risk score were determined for each participant. Results One hundred and ninety-two doctors participated in the study with a male: female ratio of 1.3:1. Majority (92.2%) were below 55 years, 22 (11.5%) were obese, 32(16.7%) had central obesity, 46(24%) reported physical inactivity, 49(25.5%) had family history of DM, 141(73.4%) do not take fruits and vegetables regularly. Forty-three (22.4%) were found to have elevated blood pressure while 6(3.1%) had elevated blood glucose. Fifty-seven (29.7%) of the participants had increased ten-year DM risk. Significant predictors of increase DM risk were age ≥ 45 years (AOR:9.08; CI 3.13–26.33; p = <0.001); BMI ≥25kg/m2 (AOR:11.41; CI:4.14–31.45; p = <0.001); family history of DM (AOR:9.93; CI:3.25–30.39; p = <0.001); abdominal obesity (AOR:6.66; CI:2.08–21.29; p= < 0.001); and infrequent dietary intake of fruits and vegetable (AOR:3.11;CI:1.03:9.37: p = 0.04) Conclusion There was increased 10-year DM risk in about 30% of the participants. Lifestyle modification such as physical activity and regular consumption of fruits and vegetables should be encouraged among doctors.
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The 10-year incidence of hypertension across blood pressure categories in a population-based cohort in southwestern Sweden. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2021; 21:523. [PMID: 34715783 PMCID: PMC8556935 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-021-02334-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To explore the determinants of incident hypertension, and especially the impact of baseline blood pressure categories, in a representative Swedish population. METHODS A 10-year longitudinal study of residents aged 30-74. Blood pressures were measured and categorized according to ESH guidelines with optimal blood pressure < 120/80 mmHg, normal 120-129/80-84 mmHg, and high normal 130-139/85-89 mmHg. Incident hypertension was defined as ongoing treatment or three consecutive blood pressure readings ≥ 140/ ≥ 90 mmHg (one or both) at follow-up, while those with ≥ 140 and/or ≥ 90 mmHg at only one or two visits were labelled as unstable. After excluding subjects with hypertension, ongoing blood pressure lowering medication or a previous CVD event at baseline, 1099 remained for further analyses. RESULTS Sixteen (2.6%) subjects with optimal baseline blood pressure had hypertension at follow up. Corresponding numbers for subjects with normal, high normal and unstable blood pressure were 55 (19.4%), 50 (39.1%) and 46 (74.2%), respectively. Compared with subjects in optimal group those in normal, high normal and unstable blood pressure categories had significantly higher risk to develop manifest hypertension with odds ratios OR and (95% CI) of 7.04 (3.89-12.7), 17.1 (8.88-33.0) and 84.2 (37.4-190), respectively, with adjustment for age, BMI and family history for hypertension. The progression to hypertension was also independently predicted by BMI (p < 0.001), however, not by age. CONCLUSIONS Subjects with high normal or unstable blood pressure should be identified in clinical practice, evaluated for global hypertension risk and offered personalized advice on lifestyle modification for early prevention of manifest hypertension and cardiovascular disease.
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Machado MV. Aerobic Exercise in the Management of Metabolic Dysfunction Associated Fatty Liver Disease. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2021; 14:3627-3645. [PMID: 34408459 PMCID: PMC8364841 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s304357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sedentarism is the pandemic of modern times. It is associated with several medical conditions including obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases and also liver disease, particularly metabolic dysfunction associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). In an era when MAFLD is the most prevalent chronic liver disease worldwide, whilst no pharmacological therapy has been approved for it, exercise has proved to be effective in improving liver steatosis. Interestingly, exercise decreases liver fat even in the absence of weight loss. The challenge for the clinician is to motivate the obese patient with MAFLD, and associated co-morbidities, who has crystallized a sedentary behavior, at times when every need is at the distance of a click on the Internet, and the entire world can be visited behind a screen. In this review, the aggregate evidence on the mechanisms and effects of exercise in the management of MAFLD is summarized, with simple recommendations for everyday clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Verdelho Machado
- Serviço de Gastrenterologia, Hospital de Vila Franca de Xira, Vila Franca de Xira, Portugal
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Correspondence: Mariana Verdelho Machado Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, Lisboa, 1649-035, PortugalTel +35 1912620306 Email
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Serwaa D, Bello FA, Osungbade KO, Nkansah C, Osei-Boakye F, Appiah SK, Antwi MH, Danquah M, Buckman TA, Owusu E. Prevalence and determinants of low testosterone levels in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus; a case-control study in a district hospital in Ghana. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 1:e0000052. [PMID: 36962255 PMCID: PMC10021198 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0000052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus, an endocrine disorder, has been implicated in many including hypogonadism in men. Given the fact that diabetes mellitus is becoming a fast-growing epidemic and the morbidity associated with it is more disabling than the disease itself. This study sought to assess the prevalence of low testosterone levels and predictors in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and non-diabetic men in a district hospital in Ghana. This hospital-based case-control study comprised 150 type 2 diabetics and 150 healthy men. A pre-structured questionnaire and patient case notes were used to document relevant demographic and clinical information. Venous blood sample of about 6 ml was taken to measure FBS, HbA1c, FSH, LH, and testosterone levels. All data were analyzed using STATA version 12 (STATA Corporation, Texas, USA). The overall hypogonadism in the study population was 48% (144/300). The prevalence of hypogonadism in type 2 diabetic subjects was almost three times more than in healthy men (70.7% vs 25.3%). The odds of having hypogonadism was lower in the men with normal weight and overweight with their underweight counterparts (AOR = 0.33, 95% CI; 0.12-0.96, p = 0.042) and (AOR = 0.29, 95% CI; 0.10-0.84, p = 0.023) respectively. Also, the odds of suffering from hypogonadism was lower in non-smokers compared with smokers (AOR: 0.16, 95% CI; 0.05-0.58, p = 0.005). Participants who were engaged in light (AOR: 0.29, 95% CI; 0.14-0.61, p = 0.001), moderate (AOR: 0.26, 95% CI; 0.13-0.54, p<0.001) and heavy (AOR: 0.25, 95% CI; 0.10-0.67, p = 0.006) leisure time activities had lower odds hypogonadal compared to those engaged in sedentary living. Type 2 diabetic men have high incidence of hypogonadism, irrespective of their baseline clinical, lifestyle or demographic characteristics. Smoking and sedentary lifestyle and BMI were associated with hypogonadism in the study population. Routine testosterone assessment and replacement therapy for high risk patients is recommended to prevent the detrimental effect of hypogonadism in diabetic men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorcas Serwaa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Pan African University, Yaoundé, Cameroun
- Institute of Life and Earth Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Folasade Adenike Bello
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Kayode O Osungbade
- Department of Community Medicine, College of Medicine, University College Hospital, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Charles Nkansah
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
| | - Felix Osei-Boakye
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Science and Technology, Sunyani Technical University, Sunyani, Ghana
| | - Samuel Kwasi Appiah
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
| | | | - Mark Danquah
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Science and Technology, Sunyani Technical University, Sunyani, Ghana
| | - Tonnies Abeku Buckman
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Ernest Owusu
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Methodist Health Training Institute, Afosu, Eastern Region, Ghana
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Kye SY, Cho H, Thao TTP, Oh JK, Lim MK. Associations of physical activity at work and household income with obesity: a cross-sectional study among rural adults in Korea. Epidemiol Health 2020; 43:e2021003. [PMID: 33445825 PMCID: PMC7973149 DOI: 10.4178/epih.e2021003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study was performed to identify the effect of physical activity at work on obesity and to analyze the contribution of socioeconomic factors and health behaviors to this association, which has been relatively little studied. METHODS From the Korean National Cancer Center Community Cohort, a total of 5,587 adults (2,125 men; 3,462 women) aged more than 30 years living in rural areas were enrolled. Information on socio-demographic factors, health behaviors, and body mass index was gathered using face-to-face interviews and measurements of height and weight. RESULTS Inverse associations were identified between vigorous-intensity physical activity at work and obesity in both men and women, while no association was found between vigorous-intensity physical activity during leisure time and obesity. High household income was independently associated with a lower risk of obesity among those who had low levels of vigorous-intensity physical activity at work. Vigorous physical activity at work showed an inverse association with obesity in rural areas where heavy manual labor is common. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate the necessity to account for various types of physical activity to improve the assessment and prevention of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Yeon Kye
- Division of Cancer Control and Policy, National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Heeyoun Cho
- Division of Cancer Control and Policy, National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Tran Thi Phuong Thao
- Department of Cancer Control and Population Health, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Jin-Kyoung Oh
- Department of Cancer Control and Population Health, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Early Detection, National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Min Kyung Lim
- Department of Cancer Control and Population Health, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
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Byambasukh O, Osté MCJ, Gomes-Neto AW, van den Berg E, Navis G, Bakker SJL, Corpeleijn E. Physical Activity and the Development of Post-Transplant Diabetes Mellitus, and Cardiovascular- and All-Cause Mortality in Renal Transplant Recipients. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9020415. [PMID: 32028662 PMCID: PMC7074375 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9020415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Little is currently known about the health impacts of daily-life moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in relation to the development of post-transplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM) and the long-term survival of renal transplant recipients (RTRs). (2) Methods: We analyzed self-reported data on MVPA within non-occupational and occupational domains, estimated with the SQUASH questionnaire, from a prospective cohort study of RTRs (n = 650) with a functioning graft exceeding 1 year. PTDM diagnoses were based on plasma glucose levels (≥126 mg/dL), HbA1c (≥6.5%), and the use of antidiabetic medication. Mortality data were retrieved from patient files up to the end of September 2015. (3) Results: During a median follow-up period of 5.3 years, 50 patients (10%) developed PTDM and 129 (19.8%) died. Of these deaths, 53 (8.9%) were caused by cardiovascular disease. Cox regression analyses showed that higher MVPA levels among patients were associated with a lower risk of PTDM (hazard ratio (HR); 95% confidence interval (95%CI) = 0.49; 0.25–0.96, p = 0.04), cardiovascular- (0.34; 0.15–0.77, p = 0.01), and all-cause mortality (0.37; 0.24–0.58, p < 0.001) compared with No-MVPA patients, independently of age, sex, and kidney function parameters. Associations of MVPA with cardiovascular and all-cause mortality remained significant and materially unchanged following further adjustments made for transplant characteristics, lifestyle factors, metabolic parameters, medication use, and creatinine excretion (muscle mass). However, the association between MVPA and PTDM was no longer significant after we adjusted for metabolic confounders and glucose levels. (4) Conclusion: Higher MVPA levels are associated with long-term health outcomes in RTRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oyuntugs Byambasukh
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands;
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, 976 Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
- Correspondence: or
| | - Maryse C. J. Osté
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (M.C.J.O.); (A.W.G.-N.); (E.v.d.B.); (G.N.); (S.J.L.B.)
| | - António W. Gomes-Neto
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (M.C.J.O.); (A.W.G.-N.); (E.v.d.B.); (G.N.); (S.J.L.B.)
| | - Else van den Berg
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (M.C.J.O.); (A.W.G.-N.); (E.v.d.B.); (G.N.); (S.J.L.B.)
| | - Gerjan Navis
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (M.C.J.O.); (A.W.G.-N.); (E.v.d.B.); (G.N.); (S.J.L.B.)
| | - Stephan J. L. Bakker
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (M.C.J.O.); (A.W.G.-N.); (E.v.d.B.); (G.N.); (S.J.L.B.)
| | - Eva Corpeleijn
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands;
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Velez M, Chasan-Taber L, Goldwater E, VanKim N. Physical Activity and Risk of Diagnosed and Undiagnosed Prediabetes among Males and Females in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2007-2014. J Diabetes Res 2020; 2020:3538746. [PMID: 32626778 PMCID: PMC7306088 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3538746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS The purpose of the study was to assess the effect of leisure and occupational physical activity on the risk of diagnosed and undiagnosed prediabetes among females and males. METHODS A sample of 17,871 non-pregnant adults was drawn from the 2007-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Multinomial logistic regression tested associations between moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and risk of diagnosed prediabetes and undiagnosed prediabetes, compared to no prediabetes. RESULTS Females and males who met guidelines for total MVPA (i.e., ≥10 MET-hrs/week) had a statistically significant lower risk of undiagnosed prediabetes (OR range: 0.50-0.65) as compared to those with no MVPA, however findings were no longer statistically significant after adjustment for diabetes risk factors. In terms of diagnosed prediabetes, females meeting guidelines had lower risk (OR range: 0.65-0.76), while only males engaging in the most MVPA had lower risk; findings were no longer significant after adjustment. Patterns were similar for leisure-time MVPA, but conflicting for occupational PA; females with 10-20 MET-hrs/week had a higher risk of diagnosed prediabetes (OR =1.71, 95% CI 1.11-2.61) and males with >20 MET-hrs/week had a higher risk for undiagnosed prediabetes (OR =1.17, 95% CI 1.02-1.35) after adjustment. CONCLUSIONS This study adds to the sparse body of literature on physical activity and prediabetes, particularly with its inclusion of occupational MVPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mabeline Velez
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst Massachusets, USA
| | - Lisa Chasan-Taber
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst Massachusets, USA
| | - Eva Goldwater
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst Massachusets, USA
| | - Nicole VanKim
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst Massachusets, USA
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES We examined the dose-dependent association of habitual moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) with the biochemical markers for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and whether this association changes with age and degree of impaired glucose metabolism. We also investigated whether the associations depend on the domain of MVPA. METHODS In this study, using data from the population-based Lifelines cohort (N = 42,661), MVPA was self-reported on the short questionnaire to assess health-enhancing physical activity. NAFLD was defined as a fatty liver index value of >60, based on body mass index, waist circumference, plasma triglycerides, and gamma-glutamyltransferase. Glucose metabolism was defined as normal (NGM), impaired (IGM), and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Exclusion criteria were previously diagnosed hepatitis or cirrhosis and excessive alcohol use. All analyses were adjusted for age, sex, and education. RESULTS Higher MVPA was dose dependently associated with a lower risk of having NAFLD: compared with "No MVPA," the odds ratios (ORs) (95% confidence intervals) for MVPA quintiles were 0.78 (0.71-0.86), 0.64 (0.58-0.70), 0.53 (0.48-0.59), 0.51 (0.46-0.56), and 0.45 (0.41-0.50) for the highest level of MVPA. The association between MVPA and NAFLD was stronger for more impaired glucose status (ORNGM = 0.49 (0.42-0.57), ORIGM = 0.46 (0.40-0.54), ORT2DM = 0.42 (0.27-0.66)) and for older age (OR20-40 years = 0.51 (0.42-0.62), OR60-80 years = 0.37 (0.29-0.48)) with the highest level of MVPA, relative to No MVPA. No favorable association was observed for occupational MVPA. With regard to MVPA and fibrosis, associations with fibrosis markers showed contradictory results. CONCLUSIONS Higher MVPA levels are dose dependently associated with a lower NAFLD risk. This association is stronger in people with diabetes and older adults.
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de la Motte SJ, Welsh MM, Castle V, Burnett D, Gackstetter GD, Littman AJ, Boyko EJ, Hooper TI. Comparing self-reported physical activity and sedentary time to objective fitness measures in a military cohort. J Sci Med Sport 2019; 22:59-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2018.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Population-Level Analysis to Determine Parameters That Drive Variation in the Plasma Metabolite Profiles. Metabolites 2018; 8:metabo8040078. [PMID: 30445727 PMCID: PMC6316279 DOI: 10.3390/metabo8040078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The plasma metabolome is associated with multiple phenotypes and diseases. However, a systematic study investigating clinical determinants that control the metabolome has not yet been conducted. In the present study, therefore, we aimed to identify the major determinants of the plasma metabolite profile. We used ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled to quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (QTOF-MS) to determine 106 metabolites in plasma samples from 2503 subjects in a cross-sectional study. We investigated the correlation structure of the metabolite profiles and generated uncorrelated metabolite factors using principal component analysis (PCA) and varimax rotation. Finally, we investigated associations between these factors and 34 clinical covariates. Our results suggest that liver function, followed by kidney function and insulin resistance show the strongest associations with the plasma metabolite profile. The association of specific phenotypes with several components may suggest multiple independent metabolic mechanisms, which is further supported by the composition of the associated factors.
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Robertson MC, Song J, Taylor WC, Durand CP, Basen-Engquist KM. Urban-Rural Differences in Aerobic Physical Activity, Muscle Strengthening Exercise, and Screen-Time Sedentary Behavior. J Rural Health 2018; 34:401-410. [PMID: 29451333 DOI: 10.1111/jrh.12295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Compared to their urban counterparts, US residents in rural settings face an increased risk of premature mortality and health problems that have been linked to insufficient physical activity (PA) levels. There is limited literature regarding urban-rural differences in adherence to national guidelines for all 3 PA-related behaviors. METHODS We investigated urban-rural differences in aerobic PA, leisure-time muscle strengthening PA, and leisure screen-time sedentary behavior in a combined data set of the 2011-2014 waves (N = 14,188) of the nationally representative National Cancer Institute's Health Information National Trends Survey. FINDINGS We found no evidence of a difference between large urban and rural residents' aerobic PA levels. The typical number of weekly bouts of leisure-time muscle strengthening PA was 25% lower for rural residents (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 0.751, P < .001); this relationship was no longer statistically significant after controlling for potentially confounding covariates. In adjusted models, we found rural residents to engage in 6.6% less daily leisure screen-time sedentary behavior than their large urban counterparts (IRR = 0.934, P = .031). CONCLUSIONS Taken together with previous literature, these results suggest that rural residents may engage in comparable levels of total PA, but less leisure-time PA, than their urban counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Robertson
- Center for Energy Balance, Department of Behavioral Science, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Health Promotion & Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, Texas
| | - Jaejoon Song
- Center for Energy Balance, Department of Behavioral Science, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Wendell C Taylor
- Health Promotion & Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, Texas
| | - Casey P Durand
- Health Promotion & Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, Texas
| | - Karen M Basen-Engquist
- Center for Energy Balance, Department of Behavioral Science, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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Childhood Socioeconomic Disadvantage, Occupational, Leisure-Time, and Household Physical Activity, and Diabetes in Adulthood. J Phys Act Health 2017; 14:766-772. [PMID: 28513316 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2016-0438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regular physical activity is a key way to prevent disease. However, we have a limited understanding of the socioeconomic precursors and glucoregulatory sequelae of engaging in physical activity in different domains. METHODS We examined the associations among life course socioeconomic disadvantage; meeting the physical activity guidelines with leisure-time physical activity, occupational physical activity, or household physical activity; and prediabetes and diabetes in the Midlife in the United States national study (N = 986). RESULTS Childhood disadvantage was associated with lower odds of meeting the guidelines with leisure-time physical activity (odds ratio = 0.75; 95% confidence interval, 0.65-0.86). Adulthood disadvantage was associated with higher odds of meeting the guidelines with occupational physical activity (odds ratio = 1.94; 95% confidence interval, 1.49-2.53). Importantly, while meeting the guidelines with leisure-time physical activity was associated with lower odds of prediabetes and diabetes, we found no evidence for associations among occupational physical activity, household physical activity, and glucoregulation. CONCLUSION Current US physical activity guidelines do not differentiate between physical activity for leisure or work, assuming that physical activity in any domain confers comparable health benefits. We documented important differences in the associations among lifetime socioeconomic disadvantage, physical activity domain, and diabetes, suggesting that physical activity domain potentially belongs in the guidelines, similar to other characteristics of activity (eg, type, intensity).
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Xu CX, Zhu HH, Fang L, Hu RY, Wang H, Liang MB, Zhang J, Lu F, He QF, Wang LX, Chen XY, Du XF, Yu M, Zhong JM. Gender disparity in the associations of overweight/obesity with occupational activity, transport to/from work, leisure-time physical activity, and leisure-time spent sitting in working adults: A cross-sectional study. J Epidemiol 2017; 27:401-407. [PMID: 28778528 PMCID: PMC5565757 DOI: 10.1016/j.je.2016.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The associations of occupational activity (OA), commuting, leisure-time physical activity (LTPA), and sitting with overweight/obesity in working adults are controversial. This study explored these factors with the risk of overall and abdominal overweight/obesity in a Chinese working population and whether these associations differ by gender. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted. Data analysis was done among 6739 employed participants. Multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the studied associations. Results For male employees, those with heavy OA had a lower overall (OR 0.76; 95% CI, 0.62–0.93) and abdominal (OR 0.76; 95% CI, 0.62–0.93) overweight/obesity risk than those with light OA. Those with LTPA ≥150 min/week had a lower risk of overall (OR 0.73; 95% CI, 0.56–0.96) and abdominal (OR 0.70; 95% CI, 0.53–0.91) overweight/obesity than those with LTPA <150 min/week. Men with leisure-sitting time <2.5 h/day had a significantly lower risk of abdominal overweight/obesity than those sitting ≥4 h/day (OR 0.80; 95% CI, 0.65–0.99). And men who cycled to/from work had a lower risk of overall (OR 0.69; 95% CI, 0.53–0.90) and abdominal overweight/obesity (OR 0.71; 95% CI, 0.54–0.92) than passive transports. However, the above significant associations disappeared among female employees. Conclusions Heavy OA, cycling to/from work, and LTPA were associated with lower risk of overall or abdominal overweight/obesity in male employees. Reducing leisure sitting time can also help male employees reduce the risk of abdominal overweight/obesity. More research on gender disparity in the risk of overweight and obesity should be done. Physical activity and sitting with overweight/obesity in employees were studied. Heavy occupational activity had a lower overweight/obesity risk. Active LTPA and cycling to work were associated with lower overweight/obesity risk. Reducing leisure sitting time can reduce the risk of abdominal overweight/obesity. The significant results were observed in male employees but not in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Xiao Xu
- Department of Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases Control and Prevention, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | | | - Le Fang
- Department of Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases Control and Prevention, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Ru-Ying Hu
- Department of Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases Control and Prevention, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases Control and Prevention, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ming-Bin Liang
- Department of Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases Control and Prevention, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases Control and Prevention, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Feng Lu
- Department of Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases Control and Prevention, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qin-Fang He
- Department of Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases Control and Prevention, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Li-Xin Wang
- Department of Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases Control and Prevention, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiang-Yu Chen
- Department of Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases Control and Prevention, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao-Fu Du
- Department of Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases Control and Prevention, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Min Yu
- Department of Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases Control and Prevention, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jie-Ming Zhong
- Department of Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases Control and Prevention, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Tsenkova VK. Leisure-time, occupational, household physical activity and insulin resistance (HOMAIR) in the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) national study of adults. Prev Med Rep 2017; 5:224-227. [PMID: 28083469 PMCID: PMC5226669 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2016.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical activity is a critical cornerstone of successful diabetes prevention and management. Current U.S. physical activity guidelines do not differentiate among physical activity for leisure, work, or other purposes, effectively implying that physical activity in any domain confers the same health benefits. It is currently unknown whether physical activity performed in different domains (leisure-time physical activity = LTPA, occupational physical activity = OPA, and household physical activity = HPA) is associated with insulin resistance. The associations between LTPA, OPA, HPA, and insulin resistance (indexed by homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance = HOMAIR) were determined in the MIDUS (Midlife in the U.S.; 1995-2006) national study (N = 1229, ages 34-84). Not meeting physical activity guidelines with LTPA was associated with a 34% higher HOMAIR among participants with diabetes, 42% higher HOMAIR among participants with prediabetes, and 17% higher HOMAIR among participants with normal glucoregulation. These associations were slightly attenuated but remained significant after further adjusting for obesity status, education, smoking, and alcohol intake. There was no evidence that engaging in OPA or HPA was significantly associated with HOMAIR. These results confirm the health-promoting role of LTPA and suggest that LTPA may provide unique glucoregulatory benefits, as opposed to HPA and OPA. Physical activity domain is an important dimension that potentially belongs in the guidelines, similarly to intensity, frequency, duration, and type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera K Tsenkova
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Institute on Aging, 1300 University Avenue, 2245 MSC, Madison, WI 53706, United States
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Brugnara L, Murillo S, Novials A, Rojo-Martínez G, Soriguer F, Goday A, Calle-Pascual A, Castaño L, Gaztambide S, Valdés S, Franch J, Castell C, Vendrell J, Casamitjana R, Bosch-Comas A, Bordiú E, Carmena R, Catalá M, Delgado E, Girbés J, López-Alba A, Martínez-Larrad MT, Menéndez E, Mora-Peces I, Pascual-Manich G, Serrano-Ríos M, Gomis R, Ortega E. Low Physical Activity and Its Association with Diabetes and Other Cardiovascular Risk Factors: A Nationwide, Population-Based Study. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160959. [PMID: 27532610 PMCID: PMC4988632 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Low physical activity (PA), or sedentary lifestyle, is associated with the development of several chronic diseases. We aimed to investigate current prevalence of sedentariness and its association with diabetes and other cardiovascular risk factors. PA was evaluated in a population-based, cross-sectional, randomly sampled study conducted in 2009-2010 in Spain. International Physical Activity Questionnaire (SF-IPAQ) was used to assess PA. 4991 individuals (median age 50 years, 57% women) were studied. Prevalence of sedentariness was 32.3% for men and 39% for women (p < 0.0001). Sex differences were particularly notable (age*sex interaction, p = 0.0024) at early and older ages. Sedentary individuals had higher BMI (28 vs. 27 kg/m2) and obesity prevalence (37 vs. 26%). Low PA was present in 44, 43, and 38% of individuals with known diabetes (KDM), prediabetes/unknown-diabetes (PREDM/UKDM), and normal glucose regulation (p = 0.0014), respectively. No difference between KDM and PREDM/UKDM (p = 0.72) was found. Variables independently associated (p < 0.05) with sedentariness were age, sex, BMI, central obesity, Mediterranean diet adherence, smoking habit, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides and dyslipidemia. Low PA is on the rise in Spain, especially among women. Sedentariness is associated with several cardiovascular risk factors and may be responsible for the increasing prevalence of obesity and diabetes in this country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Brugnara
- CIBERDEM—Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders, Madrid, Spain
- IDIBAPS—August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute / Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Serafín Murillo
- CIBERDEM—Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders, Madrid, Spain
- IDIBAPS—August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute / Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Novials
- CIBERDEM—Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders, Madrid, Spain
- IDIBAPS—August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute / Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Rojo-Martínez
- CIBERDEM—Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders, Madrid, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Carlos Haya, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Málaga, Spain
| | - Federico Soriguer
- CIBERDEM—Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders, Madrid, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Carlos Haya, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Málaga, Spain
| | - Albert Goday
- Hospital del Mar, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Luis Castaño
- CIBERDEM—Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders, Madrid, Spain
- Hospital Universitario de Cruces, UPV-EHU, Diabetes Research Group, Baracaldo, Spain
| | - Sonia Gaztambide
- CIBERDEM—Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders, Madrid, Spain
- Hospital Universitario de Cruces, UPV-EHU, Diabetes Research Group, Baracaldo, Spain
| | - Sergio Valdés
- CIBERDEM—Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders, Madrid, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Carlos Haya, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Málaga, Spain
| | - Josep Franch
- EAP Raval Sud, Institut Català de la Salut, Red GEDAPS, IDIAP, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Conxa Castell
- Public Health Division, Autonomous Government of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Vendrell
- CIBERDEM—Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Joan XXIII, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Roser Casamitjana
- CIBERDEM—Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders, Madrid, Spain
- IDIBAPS—August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute / Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Bosch-Comas
- CIBERDEM—Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders, Madrid, Spain
- IDIBAPS—August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute / Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Bordiú
- Hospital Universitario San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Carmena
- CIBERDEM—Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Endocrinology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Miguel Catalá
- CIBERDEM—Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Endocrinology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Elias Delgado
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | | | | | - Maria Teresa Martínez-Larrad
- CIBERDEM—Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders, Madrid, Spain
- CIBEROBN—Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity
| | - Edelmiro Menéndez
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | | | - Gemma Pascual-Manich
- CIBERDEM—Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders, Madrid, Spain
- IDIBAPS—August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute / Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Serrano-Ríos
- CIBERDEM—Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ramon Gomis
- CIBERDEM—Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders, Madrid, Spain
- IDIBAPS—August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute / Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emilio Ortega
- CIBEROBN—Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, ICMDM, Hospital Clinic Barcelona
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Does Metabolically Healthy Obesity Exist? Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8060320. [PMID: 27258304 PMCID: PMC4924161 DOI: 10.3390/nu8060320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The relationship between obesity and other metabolic diseases have been deeply studied. However, there are clinical inconsistencies, exceptions to the paradigm of "more fat means more metabolic disease", and the subjects in this condition are referred to as metabolically healthy obese (MHO).They have long-standing obesity and morbid obesity but can be considered healthy despite their high degree of obesity. We describe the variable definitions of MHO, the underlying mechanisms that can explain the existence of this phenotype caused by greater adipose tissue inflammation or the different capacity for adipose tissue expansion and functionality apart from other unknown mechanisms. We analyze whether these subjects improve after an intervention (traditional lifestyle recommendations or bariatric surgery) or if they stay healthy as the years pass. MHO is common among the obese population and constitutes a unique subset of characteristics that reduce metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors despite the presence of excessive fat mass. The protective factors that grant a healthier profile to individuals with MHO are being elucidated.
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Lidegaard LP, Hansen ALS, Johansen NB, Witte DR, Brage S, Lauritzen T, Jørgensen ME, Christensen DL, Færch K. Physical activity energy expenditure vs cardiorespiratory fitness level in impaired glucose metabolism. Diabetologia 2015; 58:2709-17. [PMID: 26342596 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-015-3738-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM/HYPOTHESIS Little is known about the relative roles of physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE) and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) as determinants of glucose regulation. The aim of this study was to examine the associations of PAEE and CRF with markers of glucose metabolism, and to test the hypothesis that CRF modifies the association between PAEE and glucose metabolism. METHODS We analysed cross-sectional data from 755 adults from the Danish ADDITION-PRO study. On the basis of OGTT results, participants without known diabetes were classified as having normal glucose tolerance, isolated impaired fasting glycaemia (i-IFG), isolated impaired glucose tolerance (i-IGT), combined IFG + IGT or screen-detected diabetes mellitus. Markers of insulin sensitivity and beta cell function were determined. PAEE was measured using a combined heart rate and movement sensor. CRF (maximal oxygen uptake) was estimated using a submaximal 8 min step test. The associations were examined by linear regression analysis. Results were adjusted for relevant confounders. RESULTS PAEE and CRF were reduced in individuals with i-IGT, combined IFG + IGT and screen-detected diabetes mellitus, but were not significantly different in individuals with i-IFG compared with those with normal glucose tolerance. When adjusting CRF for PAEE and vice versa, PAEE and CRF were both associated with lower fasting and 2 h insulin and higher peripheral insulin sensitivity. CRF was additionally associated with lower fasting and 2 h glucose and higher insulin sensitivity and beta cell function. There was no interaction between CRF and PAEE for any markers of glucose metabolism. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Only CRF, not PAEE, appears to be independently associated with plasma glucose levels and beta cell function, suggesting that CRF may be particularly important for glycaemic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lærke P Lidegaard
- Steno Diabetes Center A/S, Niels Steensens Vej 6, DK-2820, Gentofte, Denmark.
| | - Anne-Louise S Hansen
- Department of Public Health - Institute of General Medical Practice, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Nanna B Johansen
- Steno Diabetes Center A/S, Niels Steensens Vej 6, DK-2820, Gentofte, Denmark
- Danish Diabetes Academy, Odense, Denmark
| | - Daniel R Witte
- Department of Public Health - Institute of General Medical Practice, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Danish Diabetes Academy, Odense, Denmark
| | - Søren Brage
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Torsten Lauritzen
- Department of Public Health - Institute of General Medical Practice, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Marit E Jørgensen
- Steno Diabetes Center A/S, Niels Steensens Vej 6, DK-2820, Gentofte, Denmark
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Dirk L Christensen
- Steno Diabetes Center A/S, Niels Steensens Vej 6, DK-2820, Gentofte, Denmark
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Section of Global Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristine Færch
- Steno Diabetes Center A/S, Niels Steensens Vej 6, DK-2820, Gentofte, Denmark
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Afrifa-Anane E, Agyemang C, Codjoe SNA, Ogedegbe G, de-Graft Aikins A. The association of physical activity, body mass index and the blood pressure levels among urban poor youth in Accra, Ghana. BMC Public Health 2015; 15:269. [PMID: 25881047 PMCID: PMC4376361 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-015-1546-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Globally, there is an increasing prevalence of high blood pressure (HBP) among adults and youth. However, the mechanisms of how the risk factors (physical inactivity and obesity) relate with blood pressure (BP) are not well known especially among the urban poor youth in low and middle income countries. Meanwhile childhood and adolescent physical inactivity and obesity, particularly in conditions of poverty, predispose individuals to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in later life. The aim of this study was to assess the BP levels and to examine its associations with physical activity (PA) and body mass index (BMI) amongst urban poor youth in Accra, Ghana. Methods We studied 201 youth aged 15–24 years in three urban poor communities in Accra, Ghana. Height, weight and BP were measured in all subjects. PA levels were assessed using the Edulink Urban Health and Poverty project questionnaire. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to determine the factors influencing BP levels. Results The proportion of pre-hypertension and hypertension among the youth was 32.3% and 4%, respectively. The rates of pre-hypertension (42.0 vs. 24.8) and hypertension (6.8 vs. 1.8) were higher in males than in females. More than three-quarters (84.1%) of the youth were not physically active. Females were more physically inactive compared to the males (94.7% vs. 70.5%). The average BMI was 22.8 kg/m2. For overweight (17.7 vs. 6.8) and obesity (13.3 vs. 2.3), females had higher rates than males. BMI was positively related to systolic BP, and significantly associated with systolic BP (β = 1.4, p < 0.000 and β = 0.8, p < 0.000; respectively for male and female youth) compared to diastolic BP. Youth with low PA had raised BP. Conclusion The positive association of BMI and BP in the study communities suggests the need for health measures to tackle their increase and related public health consequences. Further studies on BP and other risk factors among the youth of rural populations and other developing countries will be important to stall the rising prevalence and implications for adult morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernest Afrifa-Anane
- Regional Institute for Population Studies, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 96, Legon, Ghana.
| | - Charles Agyemang
- Department of Public Health Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Samuel Nii Ardey Codjoe
- Regional Institute for Population Studies, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 96, Legon, Ghana.
| | - Gbenga Ogedegbe
- Centre for Healthful Behaviour Change, New York University, School of Medicine, New York, USA.
| | - Ama de-Graft Aikins
- Regional Institute for Population Studies, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 96, Legon, Ghana.
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The intake of energy and selected nutrients by thai urban sedentary workers: an evaluation of adherence to dietary recommendations. J Nutr Metab 2014; 2014:145182. [PMID: 25525512 PMCID: PMC4267465 DOI: 10.1155/2014/145182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Revised: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid changes in Thailand's nutrition and lifestyles have led to increasing diet-related pathologies among people with sedentary occupations. This study examines the extent to which the dietary intake of nutrients and energy by a sample of Thai sedentary workers conforms to the Thai Dietary Reference Intakes (Thai DRIs). The nutrients and energy intake estimates were based on self-reported information collected with a single 24-hour dietary recall and nonweighed 2-day food record. The study participants were Thai adults aged 20-50 years employed in sedentary occupations. A convenience sample of 215 healthy individuals (75 males and 140 females) was based on four randomly selected worksites in the Bangkok metropolitan area. For male participants, the study found a median energy intake of 1,485 kcal/day, with 54.4% of energy coming from carbohydrate, 15.9% from protein, and 29.6% from fat. Females' median energy intake was 1,428 kcal/day, 56% of which came from carbohydrate, 16.2% from protein, and 28.6% from fat. Both genders showed insufficient intake of fiber and most micronutrients. This study provides the material for preventive public health interventions focusing on nutrition-related diseases affecting Thailand's rapidly growing sedentary workforce.
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Blüher S, Schwarz P. Metabolically healthy obesity from childhood to adulthood - Does weight status alone matter? Metabolism 2014; 63:1084-92. [PMID: 25038727 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2014.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Revised: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Up to 30% of obese people do not display the "typical" metabolic obesity-associated complications. For this group of patients, the term "metabolically healthy obese (MHO)" has been established during the past years and has been the focus of research activities. The development and severity of insulin resistance as well as (subclinical) inflammations seems to play a key role in distinguishing metabolically healthy from metabolically non-healthy individuals. However, an internationally consistent and accepted classification that might also include inflammatory markers as well as features of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is missing to date, and available data - in terms of prevalence, definition and severity - are heterogeneous, both during childhood/adolescence and during adulthood. In addition, the impact of MHO on future morbidity and mortality compared to obese, metabolically non-healthy as well as normal weight, metabolically healthy individuals is absolutely not clear to date and even conflicting. This review summarizes salient literature related to that topic and provides insight into our current understanding of MHO, covering all age spans from childhood to adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susann Blüher
- Leipzig University Medical Center, IFB Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Peter Schwarz
- Technical University Dresden, Department of Prevention and Care of Diabetes, Germany; Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden, German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Germany
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Du H, Li L, Whitlock G, Bennett D, Guo Y, Bian Z, Chen J, Sherliker P, Huang Y, Zhang N, Zheng X, Li Z, Hu R, Collins R, Peto R, Chen Z. Patterns and socio-demographic correlates of domain-specific physical activities and their associations with adiposity in the China Kadoorie Biobank study. BMC Public Health 2014; 14:826. [PMID: 25106853 PMCID: PMC4138397 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Domain-specific physical activities may have different correlates and health effects, but few large studies have examined these questions, especially their separate associations with adiposity. Methods We analysed cross-sectional data of 466 605 adults without any prior chronic diseases, enrolled during 2004–8, from 10 diverse localities across China. Physical activity level in each of 4 domains (occupation, commuting, household, and active-recreation), calculated as metabolic equivalent (MET)-hr/day, was related to social-demographic factors and measures of adiposity (body mass index [BMI], waist circumference [WC], and bio-impedance derived percentage body fat), using multivariable linear and logistic regression models. Results The overall mean age was 50.8 years. The mean total physical activity was 21.7 MET-hr/day, mainly from occupation (62%) and household chores (26%), but little from active-recreation (4%), with women having a much higher household activity than men. Older participants had a lower level of occupational activity but a higher level of household and active-recreational activity, particularly after retirement. There was no linear association of occupational activity with adiposity, but working women tended to have a lower adiposity (e.g. 1.0 cm WC) than non-working women. In men, there was an inverse and apparently linear association between adiposity and levels of both commuting-related and household activities, with 3 MET-hr/day associated with -0.11 and -0.13 kg/m2 BMI, -0.42 and -0.62 cm WC, and -0.28 and -0.33 percentage points of body fat, respectively. In women, only household activity showed a linear, but weaker, association with adiposity. A higher adiposity was observed among men and women with higher levels of active-recreational activity. Conclusions In Chinese adults, physical activity mainly involves occupation and housework, with little from active-recreational activity. Domain-specific physical activities varied by socio-demographic factors and had different associations with adiposity. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2458-14-826) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaidong Du
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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Mann S, Beedie C, Balducci S, Zanuso S, Allgrove J, Bertiato F, Jimenez A. Changes in insulin sensitivity in response to different modalities of exercise: a review of the evidence. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2014; 30:257-68. [PMID: 24130081 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.2488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Revised: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is an increasingly prevalent condition with complications including blindness and kidney failure. Evidence suggests that type 2 diabetes is associated with a sedentary lifestyle, with physical activity demonstrated to increase glucose uptake and improve glycaemic control. Proposed mechanisms for these effects include the maintenance and improvement of insulin sensitivity via increased glucose transporter type four production. The optimal mode, frequency, intensity and duration of exercise for the improvement of insulin sensitivity are however yet to be identified. We review the evidence from 34 published studies addressing the effects on glycaemic control and insulin sensitivity of aerobic exercise, resistance training and both combined. Effect sizes and confidence intervals are reported for each intervention and meta-analysis presented. The quality of the evidence is tentatively graded, and recommendations for best practice proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mann
- UKactive Research Institute, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, UK
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Abstract
PURPOSE Physical inactivity has been identified as a distinct health risk. However, little is known about how this can vary at leisure and work in cardiac patients. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence and predictors of inactivity during leisure and work in the 12 months following a cardiac event in Australian cardiac patients. METHODS A total of 346 patients consecutively admitted to hospital with acute coronary syndrome or to undergo coronary artery bypass graft surgery were interviewed in hospital, and 4 and 12 months later. Leisure and occupational physical activity was measured using the Stanford Brief Activity Survey. Sociodemographic, psychosocial, and clinical data were also collected. RESULTS The prevalence of leisure-time physical inactivity declined over time, with 52% inactive preevent and 29% inactive at 12 months. Approximately 50% of participants were physically inactive in their work, regardless of whether this was measured before or after the cardiac event. Logistic regression revealed that the significant predictors of leisure-time physical inactivity at 12 months were non-home ownership (OR = 2.19; P = .007) and physical inactivity in leisure-time prior to the event (OR = 2.44; P = .001). The significant predictors of occupational physical inactivity at 12 months were white-collar occupation (OR = 3.10; P < .001) and physical inactivity at work prior to the event (OR = 12.99; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Preevent physical inactivity, socioeconomic, and clinical factors predicted both leisure and work inactivity after an acute cardiac event. Effective interventions could be designed and implemented to target those most at risk of being physically inactive at work or leisure.
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Hansen ALS, Carstensen B, Helge JW, Johansen NB, Gram B, Christiansen JS, Brage S, Lauritzen T, Jørgensen ME, Aadahl M, Witte DR. Combined heart rate- and accelerometer-assessed physical activity energy expenditure and associations with glucose homeostasis markers in a population at high risk of developing diabetes: the ADDITION-PRO study. Diabetes Care 2013; 36:3062-9. [PMID: 23757430 PMCID: PMC3781538 DOI: 10.2337/dc12-2671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Regular physical activity (PA) reduces the risk of developing type 2 diabetes, and different subtypes of dysglycemia have shown different associations with PA. To better understand the associations of PA and glucose homeostasis, we examined the association of objectively measured PA energy expenditure (PAEE) with detailed measures of glucose homeostasis. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In 1,531 men and women, with low to high risk of developing type 2 diabetes, we measured 7 days of PAEE using a combined accelerometry and heart rate monitor (ActiHeart). Measures and indices of glucose homeostasis were derived from a 3-point oral glucose tolerance test in addition to measures of long-term glycemia (glycated hemoglobin A1c and advanced glycation end products). Associations of PAEE with glucose homeostasis markers were examined using linear regression models. RESULTS Median age (IQR) was 66.6 years (62.1-71.6) (54% men) with a median ActiHeart wear time of 6.9 days (6.0-7.1) and PAEE level of 33.0 kJ/kg/day (23.5-46.1). In fully adjusted models, we found higher levels of PAEE to be positively associated with insulin sensitivity and negatively with insulin 2 h after glucose load (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Even in an elderly population with low levels of PA, we found higher objectively measured PAEE levels to be associated with a more beneficial glucose metabolic profile. Although our findings are cross-sectional, they indicate that even without high-intensity exercise, increasing the overall level of PAEE slightly in an entire population at risk for developing type 2 diabetes may be a realistic and worthwhile goal to reach in order to achieve beneficial effect in terms of glucose metabolism.
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Larsson CA, Daka B, Gullberg B, Råstam L, Lindblad U. Clusters of AMI risk factors and their association with left ventricular hypertrophy: a population-based study within the Skaraborg Project, Sweden. Int J Cardiol 2013; 168:5416-21. [PMID: 24051266 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.08.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Revised: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Risk factors for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) are known to cluster and to be differently distributed in men and women. The aim of this study was to sex-specifically explore clusters of acknowledged AMI risk factors by factor analysis, and to study whether such clusters are associated with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), used as a subclinical measure of CHD. METHODS In 2001-2005, 2328 subjects (30-74 years) were randomly selected from two municipalities in Sweden (participation-rate 76%) and were assessed with regard to cardiovascular risk factors; 852 participants also had an echocardiographic examination performed. RESULTS Factor analysis identified three identical factors in men and women. WHR, HOMA-ir, systolic blood pressure, and ApoB/ApoA1 loaded significantly on the principal "metabolic factor", leisure-time physical activity and self-rated health loaded significantly on the "vitality factor", and smoking and alcohol consumption loaded significantly on the "addiction factor". The metabolic factor was associated with LVH in both men (P<0.001) and women (P<0.001), whereas the addiction factor was associated with LVH solely in men (P=0.002). CONCLUSIONS The consistent pattern in the clustering of acknowledged AMI risk factors suggests common underlying mechanisms in both men and women. However, whereas the metabolic factor was paramount in both men and women in the association with LVH, the addiction factor had an impact solely in men. As LVH often precedes AMI, a deeper understanding of risk factors for LVH, including consideration of the supposed sex differences, can be useful in order to explore prevention strategies for AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte A Larsson
- Lund University, Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Social Medicine and Global Health, Skåne University Hospital, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden; University of Gothenburg, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Department of Public Health and Community Medicine/Primary Health Care, Box 454, 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden.
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Saidj M, Jørgensen T, Jacobsen RK, Linneberg A, Aadahl M. Separate and joint associations of occupational and leisure-time sitting with cardio-metabolic risk factors in working adults: a cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2013; 8:e70213. [PMID: 23936391 PMCID: PMC3735561 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The workplace is a main setting for prolonged sitting for some occupational groups. Convincing evidence has recently accumulated on the detrimental cardio-metabolic health effects of leisure-time sitting. Yet, much less is known about occupational sitting, and the potential health risk attached compared to leisure-time sitting. OBJECTIVE To explore the separate and joint associations of occupational and leisure-time sitting with cardio-metabolic risk factors in working adults. METHODS All working adults (N = 2544) from the Health2006, a Danish population-based study, were included in this cross-sectional study. Participants reported hours of sitting during work, during leisure-time along with socio-demographic and behavioral characteristics, including physical activity. Cardio-metabolic risk factors (waist circumference, body mass index, body fat percentage, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, insulin, hemoglobin A1c and plasma glucose) were measured. Associations were explored by linear regression for leisure-time, occupational, and overall sitting time. RESULTS Statistically significant (p<.05) detrimental associations of leisure-time sitting were observed with all cardio-metabolic risk factors, except hemoglobin A1c and plasma glucose. Similarly, occupational sitting time was significantly detrimentally associated with HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and insulin. For categories of sitting time, a joint adverse association of sitting much during both work-time and leisure-time was observed. CONCLUSION The associations of occupational sitting time with cardio-metabolic risk factors were fewer and weaker compared to leisure-time sitting. Yet, the joint associations of occupational and leisure-time sitting with cardio-metabolic risk factors were higher than the separate. Our findings amplify the need for further focus in this area prior to making assumptions about equivalent health risks across sedentary behaviors. To our knowledge, this is the first study to contrast the deleterious associations of prolonged occupational and leisure-time sitting, both separately and jointly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madina Saidj
- Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Glostrup University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark.
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Jenko-Pražnikar Z, Petelin A, Jurdana M, Žiberna L. Serum bilirubin levels are lower in overweight asymptomatic middle-aged adults: an early indicator of metabolic syndrome? Metabolism 2013; 62:976-85. [PMID: 23414908 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2013.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Revised: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Low levels of bilirubin have recently been associated with obesity, diabetes mellitus, and metabolic syndrome. Here, we hypothesized that serum bilirubin levels might be already altered in overweight asymptomatic middle-aged individuals before full development of the metabolic syndrome. METHODS Healthy nonsmoking adults aged 25-49 (64 women and 32 men) participated in this cross-sectional study. All participants who reported stable weight within the last three months underwent standard anthropomorphological measurements of body composition, blood pressure measurements, aerobic and anaerobic capabilities assessment, dietary intake evaluation, and fasting serological measurements of total and direct bilirubin, glucose, insulin, triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and C-reactive protein. Participants were divided into normal-weight and overweight groups. Linear correlation and multiple regression analyses were used to examine the association of serum bilirubin levels with all metabolic syndrome risk factor changes. RESULTS Serum bilirubin levels were lower in overweight healthy individuals of both sexes, and were negatively associated with abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, fasting glucose, fasting insulin, fasting triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and C-reactive protein levels but positively associated with aerobic body capabilities. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that serum bilirubin levels have the potential to be employed as an early biomarker for indicating asymptomatic individuals at increased risk of developing metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zala Jenko-Pražnikar
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, Polje 42, 6310 Izola, Slovenia
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Andersson S, Ekman I, Friberg F, Daka B, Lindblad U, Larsson CA. The association between self-rated health and impaired glucose tolerance in Swedish adults: a cross-sectional study. Scand J Prim Health Care 2013; 31:111-8. [PMID: 23621319 PMCID: PMC3656394 DOI: 10.3109/02813432.2013.784541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate gender differences in the association between self-rated health (SRH) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) in subjects unaware of their glucose tolerance. DESIGN A cross-sectional population-based study. SETTING The two municipalities of Vara and Skövde in south-western Sweden. SUBJECTS A total of 2502 participants (1301 women and 1201 men), aged 30-75, were randomly selected from the population. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES IGT was regarded as the outcome measure and SRH as the main risk factor. RESULTS The prevalence of IGT was significantly higher in women (11.9%) than in men (10.1%), (p = 0.029), as was the prevalence of low SRH (women: 35.4%; men: 22.1%, p = 0.006). Both men and women with low SRH had a poorer risk factor profile than those with high SRH, and a statistically significant crude association between SRH and IGT was found in both men (OR = 2.8, 95% CI 1.8-4.4) and women (OR = 1.5, 95% CI 1.0-2.2, p = 0.033). However, after controlling for several lifestyle factors and biomedical variables, the association was attenuated and remained statistically significant solely in men (OR = 2.3, 95% CI 1.2-4.3). CONCLUSION The gender-specific associations found between SRH and IGT suggest that SRH may be a better indicator of IGT in men than in women. Future studies should evaluate the utility of SRH in comparison with objective health measures as a potential aid to health practitioners when deciding whether to screen for IGT and T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Andersson
- Institute of Health and Care Sciences, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- School of Life Sciences, University of Skövde, Sweden, Skövde, Sweden
| | - Inger Ekman
- Institute of Health and Care Sciences, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- University of Gothenburg, Centre for Person-Centred Care (GPCC)
| | - Febe Friberg
- Institute of Health and Care Sciences, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Health, University of Stavanger, Norway
| | - Bledar Daka
- Institute of Medicine, Department of Primary Health Care, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ulf Lindblad
- Institute of Medicine, Department of Primary Health Care, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Charlotte A. Larsson
- Institute of Medicine, Department of Primary Health Care, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- University of Lund, Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Social Medicine and Global Health, Malmö, Sweden
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Daka B, Rosen T, Jansson PA, Råstam L, Larsson CA, Lindblad U. Inverse association between serum insulin and sex hormone-binding globulin in a population survey in Sweden. Endocr Connect 2013; 2:18-22. [PMID: 23781314 PMCID: PMC3680959 DOI: 10.1530/ec-12-0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2012] [Accepted: 10/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Obesity is associated with low levels of sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG). While the reason is not fully understood, we aimed to study the association between serum insulin and levels of SHBG in a random population. DESIGN AND METHODS Between 2001 and 2005, a random sample of 2816 participants aged 30-74 years were enrolled in a cross-sectional survey in the South-west of Sweden. Fasting blood samples were collected and an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was conducted in all subjects without known diabetes. Diabetes mellitus was defined according to criteria from WHO, and clinical characteristics were used to discriminate between type 1 (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Analyses of SHBG were successful in 2782 participants (98%), who thus constituted the current study population. RESULTS WE FOUND SIGNIFICANT INVERSE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN LEVELS OF SHBG AND FASTING SERUM INSULIN IN BOTH GENDERS (MEN: β=-0.090, P=0.001; women: β=-0.197, P<0.001), which was independent of differences in age and BMI. The associations remained when also differences in fasting plasma glucose were accounted for (men: β=-0.062, P=0.022; women: β=-0.176, P≤0.001). Subjects with T1D exhibited higher levels of SHBG than both T2D (men: δ=15.9 nmol/l, P<0.001; women: δ=71.1 nmol/l, P<0.001) and non-diabetic subjects (men: δ=15.1 nmol/l, P<0.001; women: δ=72.9 nmol/l, P<0.001) independent of age, BMI and fasting glucose levels. CONCLUSION These findings are consistent with high levels of SHBG in T1D, and correspondingly low levels in T2D subjects, suggesting an inhibitory effect of insulin on the SHBG production in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bledar Daka
- Institute of MedicineUniversity of GothenburgPO Box 454SE-405 30, GothenburgSweden
- Department of Primary Health CareUniversity of GothenburgPO Box 454SE-405 30, GothenburgSweden
| | - Thord Rosen
- Department of EndocrinologyUniversity of GothenburgPO Box 454SE-405 30, GothenburgSweden
| | - Per Anders Jansson
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Gothenburg PO Box 454SE-405 30, GothenburgSweden
| | - Lennart Råstam
- Department of Clinical SciencesMalmö Skåne University Hospital, Lund UniversityLundSweden
| | - Charlotte A Larsson
- Department of Primary Health CareUniversity of GothenburgPO Box 454SE-405 30, GothenburgSweden
- Social Medicine and Global HealthLundSweden
| | - Ulf Lindblad
- Department of Primary Health CareUniversity of GothenburgPO Box 454SE-405 30, GothenburgSweden
- Correspondence should be addressed to U Lindblad Email
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Kawada T. Recreational and occupational physical activities as risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Int J Cardiol 2012; 165:559-60. [PMID: 22995414 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2012.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 09/03/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Kawada T. Physical activity, obesity and insulin resistance. Int J Cardiol 2012; 159:237-8. [PMID: 22698708 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2012.05.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2012] [Revised: 05/14/2012] [Accepted: 05/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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