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Katsioudi G, Biancolin AD, Jiménez-Sanchez C, Dibner C. Human primary cells can tell body time: Dedicated to Steven A. Brown. Eur J Neurosci 2024. [PMID: 38951126 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
The field of chronobiology has advanced significantly since ancient observations of natural rhythms. The intricate molecular architecture of circadian clocks, their hierarchical organization within the mammalian body, and their pivotal roles in organ physiology highlight the complexity and significance of these internal timekeeping mechanisms. In humans, circadian phenotypes exhibit considerable variability among individuals and throughout the individual's lifespan. A fundamental challenge in mechanistic studies of human chronobiology arises from the difficulty of conducting serial sampling from most organs. The concept of studying circadian clocks in vitro relies on the groundbreaking discovery by Ueli Schibler and colleagues that nearly every cell in the body harbours autonomous molecular oscillators. The advent of circadian bioluminescent reporters has provided a new perspective for this approach, enabling high-resolution continuous measurements of cell-autonomous clocks in cultured cells, following in vitro synchronization pulse. The work by Steven A. Brown has provided compelling evidence that clock characteristics assessed in primary mouse and human skin fibroblasts cultured in vitro represent a reliable estimation of internal clock properties in vivo. The in vitro approach for studying molecular human clocks in cultured explants and primary cells, pioneered by Steve Brown, represents an invaluable tool for assessing inter-individual differences in circadian characteristics alongside comprehensive genetic, biochemical and functional analyses. In a broader context, this reliable and minimally invasive approach offers a unique perspective for unravelling the functional inputs and outputs of oscillators operative in nearly any human tissue in physiological contexts and across various pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Katsioudi
- Department of Surgery, Division of Thoracic and Endocrine Surgery, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva (iGE3), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Andrew D Biancolin
- Department of Surgery, Division of Thoracic and Endocrine Surgery, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva (iGE3), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Cecilia Jiménez-Sanchez
- Department of Surgery, Division of Thoracic and Endocrine Surgery, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva (iGE3), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Charna Dibner
- Department of Surgery, Division of Thoracic and Endocrine Surgery, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva (iGE3), Geneva, Switzerland
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2
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Berisha G, Sedliak M, Zeman M, Hamar D, Cvečka J, Tirpáková V, Vajda M, Oreská Ľ, Černáčková A, Čupka M, Šarabon N, Protasi F, Zampieri S, Kern H, Lofler S, Musaro A, Stebelová K, Okuliarová M. Can lifelong endurance exercise improve ageing through beneficial effects on circadian timing function, muscular performance and health status in men? Protocol for a comparative cross-sectional study. Eur J Transl Myol 2023; 33:10.4081/ejtm.2023. 12012. [PMID: 38058287 PMCID: PMC10811640 DOI: 10.4081/ejtm.2023.12012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A well-synchronized circadian system is a manifestation of an individual's health. A gradual weakening of the circadian timing function characterizes aging. Regular exercise has been suggested as a modality to improve many detrimental changes associated with aging. Therefore, we aim to examine the benefits and risks of lifelong endurance exercise on age-dependent changes in the circadian time-keeping function, the performance of the muscular system and health status. The study protocol has a comparative cross-sectional design, including groups of senior (65 to 75 years old, n=16) and young (20-30 years old, n=16) endurance runners and triathletes. Age-matched groups of young and elderly sedentary men are included as controls. The circadian function is evaluated mainly by measurement of urinary 6-sulphatoxymelatonin, a metabolite of the hormone melatonin shown to participate in the modulation of sleep cycles. The 6-sulphatoxymelatonin will be assessed in urine samples collected upon awakening in the morning and in the late evening, as a marker of melatonin production. In addition, sleep/activity rhythms and sleep quality will be measured by wrist actigraphy. Performance of the muscular system will be assessed by examination of muscular strength and quantifying of gene expression in the skeletal muscle tissue samples. Health status and age-induced reduction in immune function are to be analysed via the balance of pro- and anti-inflammatory immune markers in the plasma and skeletal muscle, body composition, bone density and physical fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genc Berisha
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Department of Biological and Medical Sciences.
| | - Milan Sedliak
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Department of Biological and Medical Sciences.
| | - Michal Zeman
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Animal Physiology and Ethology.
| | - Dušan Hamar
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Department of Biological and Medical Sciences.
| | - Ján Cvečka
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Professor Hamar Diagnostic Centre.
| | - Veronika Tirpáková
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Professor Hamar Diagnostic Centre.
| | - Matej Vajda
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Professor Hamar Diagnostic Centre.
| | - Ľudmila Oreská
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Department of Biological and Medical Sciences.
| | - Alena Černáčková
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Department of Biological and Medical Sciences.
| | - Martin Čupka
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Department of Biological and Medical Sciences.
| | - Nejc Šarabon
- University of Primorska, Faculty of Health Sciences.
| | - Feliciano Protasi
- Gabriele d'Annunzio University of Chieti and Pescara, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences.
| | - Sandra Zampieri
- University of Padova, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Department of Biomedical Sciences.
| | - Helmut Kern
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rehabilitation Research, St. Pölten, Austria and 2. Physiko- und Rheumatherapie.
| | - Stefan Lofler
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rehabilitation Research, St. Pölten, Austria and 2. Physiko- und Rheumatherapie.
| | - Antonio Musaro
- University of Rome La Sapienza, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, DAHFMO-Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Scuola Superiore di Studi Avanzati Sapienza.
| | - Katarína Stebelová
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Animal Physiology and Ethology.
| | - Monika Okuliarová
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Animal Physiology and Ethology.
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3
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Bahramzadeh A, Bolandnazar K, Meshkani R. Resveratrol as a potential protective compound against skeletal muscle insulin resistance. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21305. [PMID: 38027557 PMCID: PMC10660041 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes has become a major global problem. Insulin resistance has a central role in pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes. Skeletal muscle is responsible for the disposal of most of the glucose under conditions of insulin stimulation, and insulin resistance in skeletal muscle causes dysregulation of glucose homeostasis in the whole body. Despite the current pharmaceutical and non-pharmacological treatment strategies to combat diabetes, there is still a need for new therapeutic agents due to the limitations of the therapeutic agents. Meanwhile, plant polyphenols have attracted the attention of researchers for their use in the treatment of diabetes and have gained popularity. Resveratrol, a stilbenoid polyphenol, exists in various plant sources, and a growing body of evidence suggests its beneficial properties, including antidiabetic activities. The present review aimed to provide a summary of the role of resveratrol in insulin resistance in skeletal muscle and its related mechanisms. To achieve the objectives, by searching the PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases, we have summarized the results of all cell culture, animal, and human studies that have investigated the effects of resveratrol in different models on insulin resistance in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Bahramzadeh
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kosar Bolandnazar
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, Islamic Azad University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Reza Meshkani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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4
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Smith JG, Molendijk J, Blazev R, Chen WH, Zhang Q, Litwin C, Zinna VM, Welz PS, Benitah SA, Greco CM, Sassone-Corsi P, Muñoz-Cánoves P, Parker BL, Koronowski KB. Impact of Bmal1 Rescue and Time-Restricted Feeding on Liver and Muscle Proteomes During the Active Phase in Mice. Mol Cell Proteomics 2023; 22:100655. [PMID: 37793502 PMCID: PMC10651687 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2023.100655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular clocks and daily feeding cycles support metabolism in peripheral tissues. Although the roles of local clocks and feeding are well defined at the transcriptional level, their impact on governing protein abundance in peripheral tissues is unclear. Here, we determine the relative contributions of local molecular clocks and daily feeding cycles on liver and muscle proteomes during the active phase in mice. LC-MS/MS was performed on liver and gastrocnemius muscle harvested 4 h into the dark phase from WT, Bmal1 KO, and dual liver- and muscle-Bmal1-rescued mice under either ad libitum feeding or time-restricted feeding during the dark phase. Feeding-fasting cycles had only minimal effects on levels of liver proteins and few, if any, on the muscle proteome. In contrast, Bmal1 KO altered the abundance of 674 proteins in liver and 80 proteins in muscle. Local rescue of liver and muscle Bmal1 restored ∼50% of proteins in liver and ∼25% in muscle. These included proteins involved in fatty acid oxidation in liver and carbohydrate metabolism in muscle. For liver, proteins involved in de novo lipogenesis were largely dependent on Bmal1 function in other tissues (i.e., the wider clock system). Proteins regulated by BMAL1 in liver and muscle were enriched for secreted proteins. We found that the abundance of fibroblast growth factor 1, a liver secreted protein, requires BMAL1 and that autocrine fibroblast growth factor 1 signaling modulates mitochondrial respiration in hepatocytes. In liver and muscle, BMAL1 is a more potent regulator of dark phase proteomes than daily feeding cycles, highlighting the need to assess protein levels in addition to mRNA when investigating clock mechanisms. The proteome is more extensively regulated by BMAL1 in liver than in muscle, and many metabolic pathways in peripheral tissues are reliant on the function of the clock system as a whole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob G Smith
- Department of Medical and Life Sciences (MELIS), Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona (PRBB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jeffrey Molendijk
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Centre for Muscle Research, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ronnie Blazev
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Centre for Muscle Research, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Wan Hsi Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mays Cancer Center at UT Health San Antonio MD Anderson, Joe R. and Teresa Lozano Long School of Medicine, San Antonio, Texas, USA; Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies at UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry & Structural Biology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Christopher Litwin
- Department of Biochemistry & Structural Biology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Valentina M Zinna
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Patrick-Simon Welz
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain; Hospital del Mar Research Institute Barcelona, Cancer Research Program, Barcelona Biomedical Research Park (PRBB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Salvador Aznar Benitah
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain; Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carolina M Greco
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy; IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Sassone-Corsi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, U1233 INSERM, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Pura Muñoz-Cánoves
- Department of Medical and Life Sciences (MELIS), Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona (PRBB), Barcelona, Spain; Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain; Altos Labs, Inc, San Diego Institute of Science, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Benjamin L Parker
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Centre for Muscle Research, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Kevin B Koronowski
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies at UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA; Department of Biochemistry & Structural Biology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA.
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5
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Roberts MD, McCarthy JJ, Hornberger TA, Phillips SM, Mackey AL, Nader GA, Boppart MD, Kavazis AN, Reidy PT, Ogasawara R, Libardi CA, Ugrinowitsch C, Booth FW, Esser KA. Mechanisms of mechanical overload-induced skeletal muscle hypertrophy: current understanding and future directions. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:2679-2757. [PMID: 37382939 PMCID: PMC10625844 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00039.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms underlying mechanical overload-induced skeletal muscle hypertrophy have been extensively researched since the landmark report by Morpurgo (1897) of "work-induced hypertrophy" in dogs that were treadmill trained. Much of the preclinical rodent and human resistance training research to date supports that involved mechanisms include enhanced mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling, an expansion in translational capacity through ribosome biogenesis, increased satellite cell abundance and myonuclear accretion, and postexercise elevations in muscle protein synthesis rates. However, several lines of past and emerging evidence suggest that additional mechanisms that feed into or are independent of these processes are also involved. This review first provides a historical account of how mechanistic research into skeletal muscle hypertrophy has progressed. A comprehensive list of mechanisms associated with skeletal muscle hypertrophy is then outlined, and areas of disagreement involving these mechanisms are presented. Finally, future research directions involving many of the discussed mechanisms are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Roberts
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States
| | - John J McCarthy
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
| | - Troy A Hornberger
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Stuart M Phillips
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Abigail L Mackey
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gustavo A Nader
- Department of Kinesiology and Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Marni D Boppart
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Andreas N Kavazis
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States
| | - Paul T Reidy
- Department of Kinesiology, Nutrition and Health, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, United States
| | - Riki Ogasawara
- Healthy Food Science Research Group, Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Cleiton A Libardi
- MUSCULAB-Laboratory of Neuromuscular Adaptations to Resistance Training, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Carlos Ugrinowitsch
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Frank W Booth
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Karyn A Esser
- Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
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6
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Morena da Silva F, Esser KA, Murach KA, Greene NP. Inflammation o'clock: interactions of circadian rhythms with inflammation-induced skeletal muscle atrophy. J Physiol 2023:10.1113/JP284808. [PMID: 37563881 PMCID: PMC10858298 DOI: 10.1113/jp284808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are ∼24 h cycles evident in behaviour, physiology and metabolism. The molecular mechanism directing circadian rhythms is the circadian clock, which is composed of an interactive network of transcription-translation feedback loops. The core clock genes include Bmal1, Clock, Rev-erbα/β, Per and Cry. In addition to keeping time, the core clock regulates a daily programme of gene expression that is important for overall cell homeostasis. The circadian clock mechanism is present in all cells, including skeletal muscle fibres, and disruption of the muscle clock is associated with changes in muscle phenotype and function. Skeletal muscle atrophy is largely associated with a lower quality of life, frailty and reduced lifespan. Physiological and genetic modification of the core clock mechanism yields immune dysfunction, alters inflammatory factor expression and secretion and is associated with skeletal muscle atrophy in multiple conditions, such as ageing and cancer cachexia. Here, we summarize the possible interplay between the circadian clock modulation of immune cells, systemic inflammatory status and skeletal muscle atrophy in chronic inflammatory conditions. Although there is a clear disruption of circadian clocks in various models of atrophy, the mechanism behind such alterations remains unknown. Understanding the modulatory potential of muscle and immune circadian clocks in inflammation and skeletal muscle health is essential for the development of therapeutic strategies to protect skeletal muscle mass and function of patients with chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francielly Morena da Silva
- Cachexia Research Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Karyn A Esser
- Department of Physiology and Ageing, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Myology Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Kevin A Murach
- Molecular Muscle Mass Regulation Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Nicholas P Greene
- Cachexia Research Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
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7
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Smith JG, Koronowski KB, Mortimer T, Sato T, Greco CM, Petrus P, Verlande A, Chen S, Samad M, Deyneka E, Mathur L, Blazev R, Molendijk J, Kumar A, Deryagin O, Vaca-Dempere M, Sica V, Liu P, Orlando V, Parker BL, Baldi P, Welz PS, Jang C, Masri S, Benitah SA, Muñoz-Cánoves P, Sassone-Corsi P. Liver and muscle circadian clocks cooperate to support glucose tolerance in mice. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112588. [PMID: 37267101 PMCID: PMC10592114 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Physiology is regulated by interconnected cell and tissue circadian clocks. Disruption of the rhythms generated by the concerted activity of these clocks is associated with metabolic disease. Here we tested the interactions between clocks in two critical components of organismal metabolism, liver and skeletal muscle, by rescuing clock function either in each organ separately or in both organs simultaneously in otherwise clock-less mice. Experiments showed that individual clocks are partially sufficient for tissue glucose metabolism, yet the connections between both tissue clocks coupled to daily feeding rhythms support systemic glucose tolerance. This synergy relies in part on local transcriptional control of the glucose machinery, feeding-responsive signals such as insulin, and metabolic cycles that connect the muscle and liver. We posit that spatiotemporal mechanisms of muscle and liver play an essential role in the maintenance of systemic glucose homeostasis and that disrupting this diurnal coordination can contribute to metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob G Smith
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, U1233 INSERM, Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Medical and Life Sciences (MELIS), Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona (PRBB), 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Kevin B Koronowski
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, U1233 INSERM, Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
| | - Thomas Mortimer
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tomoki Sato
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, U1233 INSERM, Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Carolina M Greco
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, U1233 INSERM, Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20072 Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy; IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Paul Petrus
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, U1233 INSERM, Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Amandine Verlande
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Siwei Chen
- Institute for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Department of Computer Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Muntaha Samad
- Institute for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Department of Computer Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Ekaterina Deyneka
- Institute for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Department of Computer Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Lavina Mathur
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Ronnie Blazev
- Centre for Muscle Research, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Jeffrey Molendijk
- Centre for Muscle Research, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Arun Kumar
- Department of Medical and Life Sciences (MELIS), Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona (PRBB), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oleg Deryagin
- Department of Medical and Life Sciences (MELIS), Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona (PRBB), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mireia Vaca-Dempere
- Department of Medical and Life Sciences (MELIS), Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona (PRBB), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Valentina Sica
- Department of Medical and Life Sciences (MELIS), Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona (PRBB), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Peng Liu
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, KAUST Environmental Epigenetics Research Program, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Valerio Orlando
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, KAUST Environmental Epigenetics Research Program, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Benjamin L Parker
- Centre for Muscle Research, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Pierre Baldi
- Institute for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Department of Computer Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Patrick-Simon Welz
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Program in Cancer Research, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona (PRBB), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cholsoon Jang
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Selma Masri
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Salvador Aznar Benitah
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Pura Muñoz-Cánoves
- Department of Medical and Life Sciences (MELIS), Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona (PRBB), 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain; Altos Labs, Inc., San Diego Institute of Science, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
| | - Paolo Sassone-Corsi
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, U1233 INSERM, Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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8
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Gomes D, Sobolewski C, Conzelmann S, Schaer T, Lefai E, Alfaiate D, Tseligka ED, Goossens N, Tapparel C, Negro F, Foti M, Clément S. ANGPTL4 is a potential driver of HCV-induced peripheral insulin resistance. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6767. [PMID: 37185283 PMCID: PMC10130097 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33728-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis C (CHC) is associated with the development of metabolic disorders, including both hepatic and extra-hepatic insulin resistance (IR). Here, we aimed at identifying liver-derived factor(s) potentially inducing peripheral IR and uncovering the mechanisms whereby HCV can regulate the action of these factors. We found ANGPTL4 (Angiopoietin Like 4) mRNA expression levels to positively correlate with HCV RNA (r = 0.46, p < 0.03) and HOMA-IR score (r = 0.51, p = 0.01) in liver biopsies of lean CHC patients. Moreover, we observed an upregulation of ANGPTL4 expression in two models recapitulating HCV-induced peripheral IR, i.e. mice expressing core protein of HCV genotype 3a (HCV-3a core) in hepatocytes and hepatoma cells transduced with HCV-3a core. Treatment of differentiated myocytes with recombinant ANGPTL4 reduced insulin-induced Akt-Ser473 phosphorylation. In contrast, conditioned medium from ANGPTL4-KO hepatoma cells prevented muscle cells from HCV-3a core induced IR. Treatment of HCV-3a core expressing HepG2 cells with PPARγ antagonist resulted in a decrease of HCV-core induced ANGPTL4 upregulation. Together, our data identified ANGPTL4 as a potential driver of HCV-induced IR and may provide working hypotheses aimed at understanding the pathogenesis of IR in the setting of other chronic liver disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Gomes
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Cyril Sobolewski
- Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- U1286-INFINITE-Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, CHU Lille, Inserm, University Lille, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Stéphanie Conzelmann
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Tifany Schaer
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Etienne Lefai
- Unité de Nutrition Humaine, INRAE, Université Clermont Auvergne, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Dulce Alfaiate
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hôpital de la Croix Rousse, Lyon University Hospitals, Lyon, France
| | - Eirini D Tseligka
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Goossens
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Caroline Tapparel
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Negro
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Clinical Pathology Division, University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Michelangelo Foti
- Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sophie Clément
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
- Clinical Pathology Division, University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.
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9
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Kirchner H, Weisner L, Wilms B. When should I run-the role of exercise timing in metabolic health. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2023; 237:e13953. [PMID: 36815281 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of type 2 diabetes is reaching epidemic proportions. First line therapy approaches are lifestyle interventions including exercise. Although a vast amount of studies reports on beneficial effects of exercise on metabolism in humans per se, overall data are contradictory which makes it difficult to optimize interventions. Innovative exercise strategies and its underlying mechanism are needed to elucidate in order to close this therapeutic gap. The skeletal muscle produces and secretes myokines and microRNAs in response to exercise and both are discussed as mechanisms linking exercise and metabolic adaptation. Aspects of chronophysiology such as diurnal variation in insulin sensitivity or exercise as a signal to reset dysregulated peripheral clocks are of growing interest in the context of impaired metabolism. Deep insight of how exercise timing determines metabolic adaptations is required to optimize exercise interventions. This review aims to summarize the current state of research on the interaction between timing of exercise and metabolism in humans, providing insights into proposed mechanistic concepts focusing on myokines and microRNAs. First evidence points to an impact of timing of exercise on health outcome, although data are inconclusive. Underlying mechanisms remain elusive. It is currently unknown if the timed release of mykokines depends on time of day when exercise is performed. microRNAs have been found as an important mediator of processes associated with exercise adaptation. Further research is needed to evaluate their full relevance. In conclusion, it seems to be too early to provide concrete recommendations on timing of exercise to maximize beneficial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henriette Kirchner
- Institute for Human Genetics, Epigenetics and Metabolism Lab, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Leon Weisner
- Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Britta Wilms
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
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10
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Abstract
Circadian rhythms drive our daily behaviors to coincide with the earth's rotation on an approximate 24-h cycle. The circadian clock mechanism present in nearly every cell is responsible for our circadian rhythms and is comprised of a transcriptional-translational feedback loop in mammals. The central clock resides in the hypothalamus responding to external light cues, whereas peripheral clocks receive signals from the central clock and are also sensitive to cues from feeding and activity. Of the peripheral clocks, the skeletal muscle clock is particularly sensitive to exercise which has shown to be an important time-cue with the ability to influence and adjust the muscle clock phase in response to exercise timing. Since the skeletal muscle clock is also involved in the expression of tissue-specific gene expression-including glucoregulatory genes-this might suggest a role for exercise timing as a therapeutic strategy in metabolic diseases, like type 2 diabetes. Notably, those with type 2 diabetes have accompanied disruptions in their skeletal muscle clock mechanism which may also be related to the increased risk of type 2 diabetes seen among shift workers. Therefore, the direct influence of exercise on the skeletal muscle clock might support the use of exercise timing to provide disease-mitigating effects. Here, we highlight the potential use of time-of-day exercise as a chronotherapeutic tool within circadian medicine to improve the metabolic profile of type 2 diabetes and support long-term glycemic control, potentially working through the skeletal muscle clock and circadian physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan A. Martin
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Myology Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Karyn A. Esser
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Myology Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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11
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Klymenko A, Lutz D. Melatonin signalling in Schwann cells during neuroregeneration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:999322. [PMID: 36299487 PMCID: PMC9589221 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.999322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It has widely been thought that in the process of nerve regeneration Schwann cells populate the injury site with myelinating, non–myelinating, phagocytic, repair, and mesenchyme–like phenotypes. It is now clear that the Schwann cells modify their shape and basal lamina as to accommodate re–growing axons, at the same time clear myelin debris generated upon injury, and regulate expression of extracellular matrix proteins at and around the lesion site. Such a remarkable plasticity may follow an intrinsic functional rhythm or a systemic circadian clock matching the demands of accurate timing and precision of signalling cascades in the regenerating nervous system. Schwann cells react to changes in the external circadian clock clues and to the Zeitgeber hormone melatonin by altering their plasticity. This raises the question of whether melatonin regulates Schwann cell activity during neurorepair and if circadian control and rhythmicity of Schwann cell functions are vital aspects of neuroregeneration. Here, we have focused on different schools of thought and emerging concepts of melatonin–mediated signalling in Schwann cells underlying peripheral nerve regeneration and discuss circadian rhythmicity as a possible component of neurorepair.
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12
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Mansingh S, Handschin C. Time to Train: The Involvement of the Molecular Clock in Exercise Adaptation of Skeletal Muscle. Front Physiol 2022; 13:902031. [PMID: 35547572 PMCID: PMC9081842 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.902031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms regulate a host of physiological processes in a time-dependent manner to maintain homeostasis in response to various environmental stimuli like day and night cycles, food intake, and physical activity. Disruptions in circadian rhythms due to genetic mutations, shift work, exposure to artificial light sources, aberrant eating habits, and abnormal sleep cycles can have dire consequences for health. Importantly, exercise training efficiently ameliorates many of these adverse effects and the role of skeletal muscle in mediating the benefits of exercise is a topic of great interest. However, the molecular and physiological interactions between the clock, skeletal muscle function and exercise are poorly understood, and are most likely a combination of molecular clock components directly acting in muscle as well as in concordance with other peripheral metabolic organ systems like the liver. This review aims to consolidate existing experimental evidence on the involvement of molecular clock factors in exercise adaptation of skeletal muscle and to highlight the existing gaps in knowledge that need to be investigated to develop therapeutic avenues for diseases that are associated with these systems.
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13
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Vaca-Dempere M, Kumar A, Sica V, Muñoz-Cánoves P. Running skeletal muscle clocks on time- the determining factors. Exp Cell Res 2022; 413:112989. [PMID: 35081395 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms generate 24 h-long oscillations, which are key regulators of many aspects of behavior and physiology. Recent circadian transcriptome studies have discovered rhythmicity at the transcriptional level of hundreds of skeletal muscle genes, with roles in skeletal muscle growth, maintenance, and metabolic functions. These rhythms allow this tissue to perform molecular functions at the appropriate time of the day in order to anticipate environmental changes. However, while the last decade of research has characterized several aspects of the skeletal muscle molecular clock, many still are unexplored, including its functions, regulatory mechanisms, and interactions with other tissues. The central clock is believed to be located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the brain hypothalamus, providing entrainment to peripheral organs through humoral and neuronal signals. However, these mechanisms of action are still unknown. Conversely, muscle tissue can be entrained through extrinsic, SCN-independent factors, such as feeding and physical activity. In this review, we provide an overview of the recent research about the extrinsic and intrinsic factors required for skeletal muscle clock regulation. Furthermore, we discuss the need for future studies to elucidate the mechanisms behind this regulation, which will in turn help dissect the role of circadian disruption at the onset of aging and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireia Vaca-Dempere
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), CIBER on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Arun Kumar
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), CIBER on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Valentina Sica
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), CIBER on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pura Muñoz-Cánoves
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), CIBER on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 08003, Barcelona, Spain; ICREA, 08010, Barcelona, Spain; Spanish National Center on Cardiovascular Research (CNIC), 28029, Madrid, Spain.
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14
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Cheng Q, Lu C, Qian R. The circadian clock regulates metabolic responses to physical exercise. Chronobiol Int 2022; 39:907-917. [PMID: 35282722 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2022.2050384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
It has been proposed for years that physical exercise ameliorates metabolic diseases. Optimal exercise timing in humans and mammals has indicated that circadian clocks play a vital role in exercise and body metabolism. Skeletal muscle metabolism exhibits a robust circadian rhythm under the control of the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus. Clock genes also control the development, differentiation, and function of skeletal muscles. In this review, we aimed to clarify the relationship between exercise, skeletal muscles, and the circadian clock. Health benefits can be attained by the scheduling of exercise at the best circadian time. Exercise therapy for metabolic diseases and cardiovascular health is a key adjuvant method. This review highlights the importance of exercise timing in maintaining healthy metabolism and circadian clocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianyun Cheng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Lu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruizhe Qian
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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15
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Abstract
Cross-talk between peripheral tissues is essential to ensure the coordination of nutrient intake with disposition during the feeding period, thereby preventing metabolic disease. This mini-review considers the interactions between the key peripheral tissues that constitute the metabolic clock, each of which is considered in a separate mini-review in this collation of articles published in Endocrinology in 2020 and 2021, by Martchenko et al (Circadian rhythms and the gastrointestinal tract: relationship to metabolism and gut hormones); Alvarez et al (The microbiome as a circadian coordinator of metabolism); Seshadri and Doucette (Circadian regulation of the pancreatic beta cell); McCommis et al (The importance of keeping time in the liver); Oosterman et al (The circadian clock, shift work, and tissue-specific insulin resistance); and Heyde et al (Contributions of white and brown adipose tissues to the circadian regulation of energy metabolism). The use of positive- and negative-feedback signals, both hormonal and metabolic, between these tissues ensures that peripheral metabolic pathways are synchronized with the timing of food intake, thus optimizing nutrient disposition and preventing metabolic disease. Collectively, these articles highlight the critical role played by the circadian clock in maintaining metabolic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia L Brubaker
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8Canada
- Correspondence: P. L. Brubaker, PhD, Departments of Physiology and Medicine, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Bldg, Rm 3366, 1 King’s College Cir, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
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16
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Wang Y, Wu Z, Wang D, Huang C, Xu J, Liu C, Yang C. Muscle-brain communication in pain: The key role of myokines. Brain Res Bull 2021; 179:25-35. [PMID: 34871710 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Pain is the most common reason for a physician visit, which accounts for a considerable proportion of the global burden of disease and greatly affects patients' quality of life. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify new therapeutic targets involved in pain. Exercise-induced hypoalgesia (EIH) is a well known phenomenon observed worldwide. However, the available evidence demonstrates that the mechanisms of EIH remain unclear. One of the most accepted hypotheses has been the activation of several endogenous systems in the brain. Recently, the concept that the muscle acts as a secretory organ has attracted increasing attention. Proteins secreted by the muscle are called myokines, playing a critical role in communicating with other organs, such as the brain. This review will focus on several myokines and discuss their roles in EIH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Zifeng Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Di Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Chaoli Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, China
| | - Jiali Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Cunming Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
| | - Chun Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
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17
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Circadian Clocks, Sleep, and Metabolism. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021. [PMID: 34773224 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-81147-1_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
A molecular circadian clock exists not only in the brain, but also in most cells of the body. Research over the past two decades has demonstrated that it directs daily rhythmicity of nearly every aspect of metabolism. It also consolidates sleep-wake behavior each day into an activity/feeding period and a sleep/fasting period. Otherwise, sleep-wake states are mostly controlled by hypothalamic and thalamic regulatory circuits in the brain that direct overall brain state. Recent evidence suggests that hypothalamic control of appetite and metabolism may be concomitant with sleep-wake regulation, and even share the same control centers. Thus, circadian control of metabolic pathways might be overlaid by sleep-wake control of the same pathways, providing a flexible and redundant system to modify metabolism according to both activity and environment.
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18
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Greco CM, Koronowski KB, Smith JG, Shi J, Kunderfranco P, Carriero R, Chen S, Samad M, Welz PS, Zinna VM, Mortimer T, Chun SK, Shimaji K, Sato T, Petrus P, Kumar A, Vaca-Dempere M, Deryagian O, Van C, Kuhn JMM, Lutter D, Seldin MM, Masri S, Li W, Baldi P, Dyar KA, Muñoz-Cánoves P, Benitah SA, Sassone-Corsi P. Integration of feeding behavior by the liver circadian clock reveals network dependency of metabolic rhythms. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabi7828. [PMID: 34550736 PMCID: PMC8457671 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abi7828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian circadian clock, expressed throughout the brain and body, controls daily metabolic homeostasis. Clock function in peripheral tissues is required, but not sufficient, for this task. Because of the lack of specialized animal models, it is unclear how tissue clocks interact with extrinsic signals to drive molecular oscillations. Here, we isolated the interaction between feeding and the liver clock by reconstituting Bmal1 exclusively in hepatocytes (Liver-RE), in otherwise clock-less mice, and controlling timing of food intake. We found that the cooperative action of BMAL1 and the transcription factor CEBPB regulates daily liver metabolic transcriptional programs. Functionally, the liver clock and feeding rhythm are sufficient to drive temporal carbohydrate homeostasis. By contrast, liver rhythms tied to redox and lipid metabolism required communication with the skeletal muscle clock, demonstrating peripheral clock cross-talk. Our results highlight how the inner workings of the clock system rely on communicating signals to maintain daily metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina M. Greco
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, U1233 INSERM, Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Kevin B. Koronowski
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, U1233 INSERM, Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Jacob G. Smith
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, U1233 INSERM, Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Jiejun Shi
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, U1233 INSERM, Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Paolo Kunderfranco
- Bioinformatics Unit, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center–IRCCS, Rozzano 20089, Italy
| | - Roberta Carriero
- Bioinformatics Unit, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center–IRCCS, Rozzano 20089, Italy
| | - Siwei Chen
- Institute for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Department of Computer Science, UCI, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Muntaha Samad
- Institute for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Department of Computer Science, UCI, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Patrick-Simon Welz
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona 08028, Spain
- Program in Cancer Research, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Valentina M. Zinna
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Thomas Mortimer
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Sung Kook Chun
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, U1233 INSERM, Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Kohei Shimaji
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, U1233 INSERM, Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Tomoki Sato
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, U1233 INSERM, Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Paul Petrus
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, U1233 INSERM, Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Arun Kumar
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), CIBER on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Mireia Vaca-Dempere
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), CIBER on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Oleg Deryagian
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), CIBER on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Cassandra Van
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, U1233 INSERM, Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - José Manuel Monroy Kuhn
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Computational Discovery Research, Institute for Diabetes and Obesity (IDO), Helmholtz Diabetes Center (HDC), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Dominik Lutter
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Computational Discovery Research, Institute for Diabetes and Obesity (IDO), Helmholtz Diabetes Center (HDC), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Marcus M. Seldin
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, U1233 INSERM, Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Selma Masri
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, U1233 INSERM, Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, U1233 INSERM, Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Pierre Baldi
- Institute for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Department of Computer Science, UCI, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Kenneth A. Dyar
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Metabolic Physiology, Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC), Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Pura Muñoz-Cánoves
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), CIBER on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Barcelona 08003, Spain
- Spanish National Center on Cardiovascular Research (CNIC), Madrid 28029, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona 08010, Spain
| | - Salvador Aznar Benitah
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona 08028, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona 08010, Spain
| | - Paolo Sassone-Corsi
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, U1233 INSERM, Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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19
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Sellami M, Bragazzi NL, Aboghaba B, Elrayess MA. The Impact of Acute and Chronic Exercise on Immunoglobulins and Cytokines in Elderly: Insights From a Critical Review of the Literature. Front Immunol 2021; 12:631873. [PMID: 33936044 PMCID: PMC8079972 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.631873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The level of immunoglobulins and cytokines changes with an ageing immune system. This review summarizes findings from studies that have examined the impact of acute and chronic exercise on immunoglobulins and cytokines in the elderly. Our literature analysis revealed that acute endurance exercise resulted in increased secretory salivary immunoglobulin A (SIgA), while acute bouts of muscle strengthening exercise (i.e., isokinetic, eccentric, knee extensor exercise) increased plasma/muscle interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) levels. Chronic exercise in the form of short-term endurance training (i.e., 12-16 weeks) and long-term combined endurance and resistance training (i.e., 6-12 months) induced increases in salivary SIgA concentration. We additionally identified that short-term endurance training at moderate intensities and the combination of endurance, strength, balance, and flexibility training increase plasma IL-10 and reduce plasma IL-6 and TNF-α in healthy elderly adults and male patients with chronic heart failure. Strength training for 6-12 weeks did not alter plasma IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6 and TNF-α concentration in healthy elderly adults and patients with chronic-degenerative diseases, while 12 weeks of resistance training decreased muscle TNF-α mRNA in frail elderly individuals. Short-term (i.e., 10-24 weeks) moderate- to high-intensity strength training reduced LPS–IL-6, LPS, IL-1β, LPS–TNF-α and circulating concentrations of TNF-α and increased IL-10 in healthy elderly women and older people with cognitive impairment, respectively. In conclusion, it appears that acute bouts of endurance exercise and short-term chronic exercise training exercise are appropriate methods to enhance mucosal immune function, reduce systemic markers of inflammation, and promote anti-inflammatory processes in elderly individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Sellami
- Physical Education Department (PE), College of Education, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Nicola Luigi Bragazzi
- Laboratory for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (LIAM), Department of Mathematics and Statistics, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), Postgraduate School of Public Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Baha Aboghaba
- Program of Exercise Science, College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
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20
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Koronowski KB, Sassone-Corsi P. Communicating clocks shape circadian homeostasis. Science 2021; 371:371/6530/eabd0951. [PMID: 33574181 DOI: 10.1126/science.abd0951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Circadian clocks temporally coordinate physiology and align it with geophysical time, which enables diverse life-forms to anticipate daily environmental cycles. In complex organisms, clock function originates from the molecular oscillator within each cell and builds upward anatomically into an organism-wide system. Recent advances have transformed our understanding of how clocks are connected to achieve coherence across tissues. Circadian misalignment, often imposed in modern society, disrupts coordination among clocks and has been linked to diseases ranging from metabolic syndrome to cancer. Thus, uncovering the physiological circuits whereby biological clocks achieve coherence will inform on both challenges and opportunities in human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin B Koronowski
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, U1233 INSERM, Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
| | - Paolo Sassone-Corsi
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, U1233 INSERM, Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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21
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Erickson ML, Esser KA, Kraus WE, Buford TW, Redman LM. A Role for Exercise to Counter Skeletal Muscle Clock Disruption. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 2021; 49:35-41. [PMID: 33044328 PMCID: PMC7773215 DOI: 10.1249/jes.0000000000000235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Disruption of the skeletal muscle circadian clock leads to a preferential shift toward lipid oxidation while reducing carbohydrate oxidation. These effects are apparent at the whole-body level, including glucose intolerance, increased energy expenditure, and fasting hyperglycemia. We hypothesize that exercise counters these metabolic disturbances by modifying the skeletal muscle clock and reverting substrate metabolism back toward an optimal substrate balance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karyn A. Esser
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida
| | | | - Thomas W. Buford
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham
- Center for Exercise Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Leanne M. Redman
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University
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22
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Zhang H, Liang J, Chen N. Do not neglect the role of circadian rhythm in muscle atrophy. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 63:101155. [PMID: 32882420 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In addition to its role in movement, human skeletal muscle also plays important roles in physiological activities related to metabolism and the endocrine system. Aging and disease onset and progression can induce the reduction of skeletal muscle mass and function, thereby exacerbating skeletal muscle atrophy. Recent studies have confirmed that skeletal muscle atrophy is mainly controlled by the balance between protein synthesis and degradation, the activation of satellite cells, and mitochondrial quality in skeletal muscle. Circadian rhythm is an internal rhythm related to an organism's adaptation to light-dark or day-night cycles of the planet, and consists of a core biological clock and a peripheral biological clock. Skeletal muscle, as the most abundant tissue in the human body, is an essential part of the peripheral biological clock in humans. Increasing evidence has confirmed that maintaining a normal circadian rhythm can be beneficial for increasing protein content, improving mitochondrial quality, and stimulating regeneration and repairing of cells in skeletal muscle to prevent or alleviate skeletal muscle atrophy. In this review, we summarize the roles and underlying mechanisms of circadian rhythm in delaying skeletal muscle atrophy, which will provide a theoretical reference for incorporating aspects of circadian rhythm to the prevention and treatment of skeletal muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Zhang
- Graduate School, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Jiling Liang
- Graduate School, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Ning Chen
- Tianjiu Research and Development Center for Exercise Nutrition and Foods, Hubei Key Laboratory of Exercise Training and Monitoring, College of Health Science, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan 430079, China.
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23
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Tan X, van Egmond LT, Cedernaes J, Benedict C. The role of exercise-induced peripheral factors in sleep regulation. Mol Metab 2020; 42:101096. [PMID: 33045432 PMCID: PMC7585947 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.101096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recurrently disrupted sleep is a widespread phenomenon in our society. This is worrisome as chronically impaired sleep increases the risk of numerous diseases that place a heavy burden on health services worldwide, including type 2 diabetes, obesity, depression, cardiovascular disease, and dementia. Therefore, strategies mitigating the current societal sleep crisis are needed. SCOPE OF REVIEW Observational and interventional studies have found that regular moderate to intensive exercise is associated with better subjective and objective sleep in humans, with and without pre-existing sleep disturbances. Here, we summarize recent findings from clinical studies in humans and animal experiments suggesting that molecules that are expressed, produced, and released by the skeletal muscle in response to exercise may contribute to the sleep-improving effects of exercise. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Exercise-induced skeletal muscle recruitment increases blood concentrations of signaling molecules, such as the myokine brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which has been shown to increase the depth of sleep in animals. As reviewed herein, BDNF and other muscle-induced factors are likely to contribute to the sleep-promoting effects of exercise. Despite progress in the field, however, several fundamental questions remain. For example, one central question concerns the optimal time window for exercise to promote sleep. It is also unknown whether the production of muscle-induced peripheral factors promoting sleep is altered by acute and chronic sleep disturbances, which has become increasingly common in the modern 24/7 lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Tan
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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24
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Finger AM, Dibner C, Kramer A. Coupled network of the circadian clocks: a driving force of rhythmic physiology. FEBS Lett 2020; 594:2734-2769. [PMID: 32750151 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The circadian system is composed of coupled endogenous oscillators that allow living beings, including humans, to anticipate and adapt to daily changes in their environment. In mammals, circadian clocks form a hierarchically organized network with a 'master clock' located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus, which ensures entrainment of subsidiary oscillators to environmental cycles. Robust rhythmicity of body clocks is indispensable for temporally coordinating organ functions, and the disruption or misalignment of circadian rhythms caused for instance by modern lifestyle is strongly associated with various widespread diseases. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of our current knowledge about the molecular architecture and system-level organization of mammalian circadian oscillators. Furthermore, we discuss the regulatory roles of peripheral clocks for cell and organ physiology and their implication in the temporal coordination of metabolism in human health and disease. Finally, we summarize methods for assessing circadian rhythmicity in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Marie Finger
- Laboratory of Chronobiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Charna Dibner
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition, and Patient Education, Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (iGE3), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Achim Kramer
- Laboratory of Chronobiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
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25
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Gutierrez-Monreal MA, Harmsen JF, Schrauwen P, Esser KA. Ticking for Metabolic Health: The Skeletal-Muscle Clocks. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2020; 28 Suppl 1:S46-S54. [PMID: 32468732 PMCID: PMC7381376 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
To be prepared for alternating metabolic demands occurring over the 24-hour day, the body preserves information on time in skeletal muscle, and in all cells, through a circadian-clock mechanism. Skeletal muscle can be considered the largest collection of peripheral clocks in the body, with a major contribution to whole-body energy metabolism. Comparison of circadian-clock gene expression between skeletal muscle of nocturnal rodents and diurnal humans reveals very common patterns based on rest/active cycles rather than light/dark cycles. Rodent studies in which the circadian clock is disrupted in skeletal muscle demonstrate impaired glucose handling and insulin resistance. Experimental circadian misalignment in humans modifies the skeletal-muscle clocks and leads to disturbed energy metabolism and insulin resistance. Preclinical studies have revealed that timing of exercise over the day can influence the beneficial effects of exercise on skeletal-muscle metabolism, and studies suggest similar applicability in humans. Current strategies to improve metabolic health (e.g., exercise) should be reinvestigated in their capability to modify the skeletal-muscle clocks by taking timing of the intervention into account.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jan-Frieder Harmsen
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Patrick Schrauwen
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Karyn A Esser
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Florida, USA
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26
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Mancilla R, Krook A, Schrauwen P, Hesselink MKC. Diurnal Regulation of Peripheral Glucose Metabolism: Potential Effects of Exercise Timing. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2020; 28 Suppl 1:S38-S45. [PMID: 32475086 PMCID: PMC7496481 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Diurnal oscillations in energy metabolism are linked to the activity of biological clocks and contribute to whole-body glucose homeostasis. Postprandially, skeletal muscle takes up approximately 80% of circulatory glucose and hence is a key organ in maintenance of glucose homeostasis. Dysregulation of molecular clock components in skeletal muscle disrupts whole-body glucose homeostasis. Next to light-dark cycles, nonphotic cues such as nutrient intake and physical activity are also potent cues to (re)set (dys)regulated clocks. Physical exercise is one of the most potent ways to improve myocellular insulin sensitivity. Given the role of the biological clock in glucose homeostasis and the power of exercise to improve insulin sensitivity, one can hypothesize that there might be an optimal time for exercise to maximally improve insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis. In this review, we aim to summarize the available information related to the interaction of diurnal rhythm, glucose homeostasis, and physical exercise as a nonphotic cue to correct dysregulation of human glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Mancilla
- Department of Nutrition and Movement SciencesNUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in MetabolismMaastricht University Medical Centre+MaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Anna Krook
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologySection for Integrative PhysiologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Patrick Schrauwen
- Department of Nutrition and Movement SciencesNUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in MetabolismMaastricht University Medical Centre+MaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Matthijs K. C. Hesselink
- Department of Nutrition and Movement SciencesNUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in MetabolismMaastricht University Medical Centre+MaastrichtThe Netherlands
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27
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Mirizio GG, Nunes RSM, Vargas DA, Foster C, Vieira E. Time-of-Day Effects on Short-Duration Maximal Exercise Performance. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9485. [PMID: 32528038 PMCID: PMC7289891 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66342-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Time-of-day dependent fluctuations in exercise performance have been documented across different sports and seem to affect both endurance and resistance modes of exercise. Most of the studies published to date have shown that the performance in short-duration maximal exercises (i.e. less than 1 min - e.g. sprints, jumps, isometric contractions) exhibits diurnal fluctuations, peaking between 16:00 and 20:00 h. However, the time-of-day effects on short duration exercise performance may be minimized by the following factors: (1) short exposures to moderately warm and humid environments; (2) active warm-up protocols; (3) intermittent fasting conditions; (4) warming-up while listening to music; or (5) prolonged periods of training at a specific time of day. This suggests that short-duration maximal exercise performance throughout the day is controlled not only by body temperature, hormone levels, motivation and mood state but also by a versatile circadian system within skeletal muscle. The time of day at which short-duration maximal exercise is conducted represents an important variable for training prescription. However, the literature available to date lacks a specific review on this subject. Therefore, the present review aims to (1) elucidate time-of-day specific effects on short-duration maximal exercise performance and (2) discuss strategies to promote better performance in short-duration maximal exercises at different times of the day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo Gabriel Mirizio
- Muscle Cell Physiology Laboratory, Center of Molecular Studies of the Cell, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Douglas Araujo Vargas
- Graduate Program on Physical Education, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Carl Foster
- University of Wisconsin - La Crosse, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, La Crosse, USA
| | - Elaine Vieira
- Postgraduate Program on Physical Education, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
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28
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dos Santos JDMB, Bachi ALL, Luna Junior LA, Foster R, Sierra APR, Benetti M, Araújo JR, Ghorayeb N, Kiss MAPD, Vieira RP, Bullens DMA, Vaisberg M. The Relationship of IL-8 and IL-10 Myokines and Performance in Male Marathon Runners Presenting Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17082622. [PMID: 32290385 PMCID: PMC7215610 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17082622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
At present, it is unclear which exercise-induced factors, such as myokines, could diminish the negative impact of the reduction in pulmonary function imposed by the exercise in question. In this study, we aim to evaluate the prevalence of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) and also to investigate the effect of myokines in the performance of marathon runners presenting EIB or not. Thirty-eight male recreational marathon runners (age 38.8 [33-44], height 175.7 [172.0-180.3]; weight 74.7 [69.3-81.6]) participated in this study, and through spirometry tests, a prevalence of 23.6% of EIB was found, which is in agreement with the literature. The volunteers who tested positive to EIB (EIB+) presented lower maximum aerobic capacity compared to those who tested negative (EIB-) (EIB+ 44.02 [39.56-47.02] and EIB- 47.62 [44.11-51.18] p = 0.03). The comparison of plasma levels of IL-1β (EIB+ p = 0.296, EIB- p = 0.176, EIB+ vs. EIB- baseline p = 0.190 immediately after p = 0.106), IL-4 (undetectable), IL-6 (EIB+ p = 0.003, EIB- p ≤ 0.001, EIB+ vs. EIB- baseline p = 0.301 immediately after p = 0.614), IL-8 (EIB+ p = 0.003, EIB- p ≤ 0.001, EIB+ vs. EIB- baseline p = 0.110 immediately after p = 0.453), IL-10 (EIB+ p = 0.003, EIB- p ≤ 0.001, EIB+ vs. EIB- baseline p = 0.424 immediately after p = 0.876) and TNF-α (EIB+ p = 0.003, EIB- p ≤ 0.001, EIB+ vs. EIB- baseline p = 0.141 immediately after p = 0.898) were similar in both groups 24 h before and immediately after the marathon. However, negative correlations were found between the marathon finishing time and the levels of IL-8 (r = -0.81, p = 0.022), and IL-10 (r = -0.97, p ≤ 0.001) immediately after completing the marathon. In conclusion, for the first time, it is shown that the myokines IL-8 and IL-10 are related to improvement of the performance of marathon runners presenting EIB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana de Melo Batista dos Santos
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, ENT Lab, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04025-002, Brazil; (A.L.L.B.); (L.A.L.J.); (R.F.); (M.V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-11-5576-4848
| | - André Luis Lacerda Bachi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, ENT Lab, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04025-002, Brazil; (A.L.L.B.); (L.A.L.J.); (R.F.); (M.V.)
- Post-Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Santo Amaro University (UNISA), São Paulo 04829-300, Brazil
| | - Luiz Antonio Luna Junior
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, ENT Lab, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04025-002, Brazil; (A.L.L.B.); (L.A.L.J.); (R.F.); (M.V.)
| | - Roberta Foster
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, ENT Lab, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04025-002, Brazil; (A.L.L.B.); (L.A.L.J.); (R.F.); (M.V.)
- Method Faculty of Sao Paulo (FAMESP), São Paulo 04046-200, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Renno Sierra
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-030, Brazil; (A.P.R.S.); (M.B.); (M.A.P.D.K.)
| | - Marino Benetti
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-030, Brazil; (A.P.R.S.); (M.B.); (M.A.P.D.K.)
| | - José Roberto Araújo
- Department of Morphology and Genetics, Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04023-900, Brazil;
| | - Nabil Ghorayeb
- Sports Cardiology Department, Dante Pazzanese Institute of Cardiology, São Paulo 04012-909, Brazil;
| | | | - Rodolfo P. Vieira
- Post-Graduation Program in Sciences of Human Movement and Rehabilitation, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos 11060-001, Brazil;
- Post-Graduation Program in Bioengineering and Biomedical Engineering, Universidade Brasil, São Paulo 08230-030, Brazil
- School of Medicine, Anhembi Morumbi University, São José dos Campos 04705-000, Brazil
- Brazilian Institute of Teaching and Research in Pulmonary and Exercise Immunology (IBEPIPE), São José dos Campos 12245-520, Brazil
| | - Dominique M. A. Bullens
- Clinical Division of Pediatrics, UZ Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mauro Vaisberg
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, ENT Lab, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04025-002, Brazil; (A.L.L.B.); (L.A.L.J.); (R.F.); (M.V.)
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Abstract
Life evolved in the presence of alternating periods of light and dark that accompany the daily rotation of the Earth on its axis. This offered an advantage for organisms able to regulate their physiology to anticipate these daily cycles. In each light-sensitive organism studied, spanning single-celled bacteria to complex mammals, there exist timekeeping mechanisms able to control physiology over the course of 24 hours. Endowed with internal timekeeping, organisms can put their previously stored energy to the most efficient use, selectively ramping up biological processes at specific times of day or night according to when they'll be needed. Humans have evolved to be more active during the day (diurnal), likely due to the increased opportunities for foraging or hunting in our evolutionary past, and this daily activity is accompanied by an upregulation of genes involved in metabolism to increase the energy available for such behaviours. Remarkably, this happens without conscious thought, due to a complex organism-wide signalling apparatus known as the circadian clock network, that conveys time information between cells and tissues.
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30
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Altıntaş A, Laker RC, Garde C, Barrès R, Zierath JR. Transcriptomic and epigenomics atlas of myotubes reveals insight into the circadian control of metabolism and development. Epigenomics 2020; 12:701-713. [DOI: 10.2217/epi-2019-0391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Innate circadian rhythms are critical for optimal tissue-specific functions, including skeletal muscle, a major insulin-sensitive tissue responsible for glucose homeostasis. We determined whether transcriptional oscillations are associated with CpG methylation changes in skeletal muscle. Materials & methods: We performed rhythmicity analysis on the transcriptome and CpG methylome of circadian synchronized myotubes. Results: We identified several transcripts and CpG-sites displaying oscillatory behavior, which were enriched with Gene Ontology terms related to metabolism and development. Oscillating CpG methylation was associated with rhythmic expression of 31 transcripts. Conclusion: Although circadian oscillations may be regulated by rhythmic DNA methylation, strong rhythmic associations between transcriptome and CpG methylation were not identified. This resource constitutes a transcriptomic/epigenomic atlas of skeletal muscle and regulation of circadian rhythms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Altıntaş
- Section for Integrative Physiology, The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rhianna C Laker
- Section for Integrative Physiology, The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Garde
- Section for Integrative Physiology, The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Romain Barrès
- Section for Integrative Physiology, The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Juleen R Zierath
- Section for Integrative Physiology, The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Section for Integrative Physiology, Department of Molecular Medicine & Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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31
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Sinturel F, Petrenko V, Dibner C. Circadian Clocks Make Metabolism Run. J Mol Biol 2020; 432:3680-3699. [PMID: 31996313 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2020.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Most organisms adapt to the 24-h cycle of the Earth's rotation by anticipating the time of the day through light-dark cycles. The internal time-keeping system of the circadian clocks has been developed to ensure this anticipation. The circadian system governs the rhythmicity of nearly all physiological and behavioral processes in mammals. In this review, we summarize current knowledge stemming from rodent and human studies on the tight interconnection between the circadian system and metabolism in the body. In particular, we highlight recent advances emphasizing the roles of the peripheral clocks located in the metabolic organs in regulating glucose, lipid, and protein homeostasis at the organismal and cellular levels. Experimental disruption of circadian system in rodents is associated with various metabolic disturbance phenotypes. Similarly, perturbation of the clockwork in humans is linked to the development of metabolic diseases. We discuss recent studies that reveal roles of the circadian system in the temporal coordination of metabolism under physiological conditions and in the development of human pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flore Sinturel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Hypertension and Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet, 1, CH-1211, Geneva, 14, Switzerland; Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva (iGE3), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Volodymyr Petrenko
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Hypertension and Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet, 1, CH-1211, Geneva, 14, Switzerland; Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva (iGE3), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Charna Dibner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Hypertension and Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet, 1, CH-1211, Geneva, 14, Switzerland; Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva (iGE3), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
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32
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In pancreatic islets from type 2 diabetes patients, the dampened circadian oscillators lead to reduced insulin and glucagon exocytosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:2484-2495. [PMID: 31964806 PMCID: PMC7007532 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1916539117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian clocks operative in pancreatic islets participate in the regulation of insulin secretion in humans and, if compromised, in the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in rodents. Here we demonstrate that human islet α- and β-cells that bear attenuated clocks exhibit strongly disrupted insulin and glucagon granule docking and exocytosis. To examine whether compromised clocks play a role in the pathogenesis of T2D in humans, we quantified parameters of molecular clocks operative in human T2D islets at population, single islet, and single islet cell levels. Strikingly, our experiments reveal that islets from T2D patients contain clocks with diminished circadian amplitudes and reduced in vitro synchronization capacity compared to their nondiabetic counterparts. Moreover, our data suggest that islet clocks orchestrate temporal profiles of insulin and glucagon secretion in a physiological context. This regulation was disrupted in T2D subjects, implying a role for the islet cell-autonomous clocks in T2D progression. Finally, Nobiletin, an agonist of the core-clock proteins RORα/γ, boosted both circadian amplitude of T2D islet clocks and insulin secretion by these islets. Our study emphasizes a link between the circadian clockwork and T2D and proposes that clock modulators hold promise as putative therapeutic agents for this frequent disorder.
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33
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Sardon Puig L, Pillon NJ, Näslund E, Krook A, Zierath JR. Influence of obesity, weight loss, and free fatty acids on skeletal muscle clock gene expression. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2020; 318:E1-E10. [PMID: 31613643 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00289.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The molecular circadian clock plays a role in metabolic homeostasis. We tested the hypothesis obesity and systemic factors associated with insulin resistance affect skeletal muscle clock gene expression. We determined clock gene expression in skeletal muscle of obese women (n = 5) and men (n = 18) before and 6 mo after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery and normal-weight controls (women n = 6, men n = 8). Skeletal muscle clock gene expression was affected by obesity and weight loss. CRY1 mRNA (P = 0.05) was increased and DBP mRNA (P < 0.05) was decreased in obese vs. normal weight women and restored to control levels after RYGB-induced weight loss. CLOCK, CRY1, CRY2, and DBP mRNA (P < 0.05) was decreased in obese men compared with normal weight men. Expression of all other clock genes was unaltered by obesity or weight loss in both cohorts. We correlated clock gene expression with clinical characteristics of the participants. Among the genes studied, DBP and PER3 expression was inversely correlated with plasma lipids in both cohorts. Circadian time-course studies revealed that core clock genes oscillate over time (P < 0.05), with BMAL1, CIART, CRY2, DBP, PER1, and PER3 expression profiles altered by palmitate treatment. In conclusion, skeletal muscle clock gene expression and function is altered by obesity, coincident with changes in plasma lipid levels. Palmitate exposure disrupts clock gene expression in myotubes, indicating that dyslipidemia directly alters the circadian program. Strategies to reduce lipid overload and prevent elevations in nonesterified fatty acid and cholesterol levels may sustain circadian clock signals in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Sardon Puig
- Section of Integrative Physiology, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nicolas J Pillon
- Section of Integrative Physiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erik Näslund
- Division of Surgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Krook
- Section of Integrative Physiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Juleen R Zierath
- Section of Integrative Physiology, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Section of Integrative Physiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Dibner C. The importance of being rhythmic: Living in harmony with your body clocks. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2020; 228:e13281. [PMID: 30980501 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms have developed in all light-sensitive organisms, including humans, as a fundamental anticipatory mechanism that enables proactive adaptation to environmental changes. The circadian system is organized in a highly hierarchical manner, with clocks operative in most cells of the body ensuring the temporal coordination of physiological processes. Circadian misalignment, stemming from modern life style, draws increasing attention due to its tight association with the development of metabolic, cardiovascular, inflammatory and mental diseases as well as cancer. This review highlights recent findings emphasizing the role of the circadian system in the temporal orchestration of physiology, with a particular focus on implications of circadian misalignment in human pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charna Dibner
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Hypertension and Nutrition, Department of Medicine University Hospital of Geneva Geneva Switzerland
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine University of Geneva Geneva Switzerland
- Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine University of Geneva Geneva Switzerland
- Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (iGE3) Geneva Switzerland
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35
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Postolache TT, Gulati A, Okusaga OO, Stiller JW. An Introduction to Circadian Endocrine Physiology: Implications for Exercise and Sports Performance. ENDOCRINOLOGY OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND SPORT 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-33376-8_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Abstract
Humans, like all mammals, partition their daily behaviour into activity (wakefulness) and rest (sleep) phases that differ largely in their metabolic requirements. The circadian clock evolved as an autonomous timekeeping system that aligns behavioural patterns with the solar day and supports the body functions by anticipating and coordinating the required metabolic programmes. The key component of this synchronization is a master clock in the brain, which responds to light-darkness cues from the environment. However, to achieve circadian control of the entire organism, each cell of the body is equipped with its own circadian oscillator that is controlled by the master clock and confers rhythmicity to individual cells and organs through the control of rate-limiting steps of metabolic programmes. Importantly, metabolic regulation is not a mere output function of the circadian system, but nutrient, energy and redox levels signal back to cellular clocks in order to reinforce circadian rhythmicity and to adapt physiology to temporal tissue-specific needs. Thus, multiple systemic and molecular mechanisms exist that connect the circadian clock with metabolism at all levels, from cellular organelles to the whole organism, and deregulation of this circadian-metabolic crosstalk can lead to various pathologies.
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Sinturel F, Makhlouf AM, Meyer P, Tran C, Pataky Z, Golay A, Rey G, Howald C, Dermitzakis ET, Pichard C, Philippe J, Brown SA, Dibner C. Cellular circadian period length inversely correlates with HbA 1c levels in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia 2019; 62:1453-1462. [PMID: 31134308 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-019-4907-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The circadian system plays an essential role in regulating the timing of human metabolism. Indeed, circadian misalignment is strongly associated with high rates of metabolic disorders. The properties of the circadian oscillator can be measured in cells cultured in vitro and these cellular rhythms are highly informative of the physiological circadian rhythm in vivo. We aimed to discover whether molecular properties of the circadian oscillator are altered as a result of type 2 diabetes. METHODS We assessed molecular clock properties in dermal fibroblasts established from skin biopsies taken from nine obese and eight non-obese individuals with type 2 diabetes and 11 non-diabetic control individuals. Following in vitro synchronisation, primary fibroblast cultures were subjected to continuous assessment of circadian bioluminescence profiles based on lentiviral luciferase reporters. RESULTS We observed a significant inverse correlation (ρ = -0.592; p < 0.05) between HbA1c values and circadian period length within cells from the type 2 diabetes group. RNA sequencing analysis conducted on samples from this group revealed that ICAM1, encoding the endothelial adhesion protein, was differentially expressed in fibroblasts from individuals with poorly controlled vs well-controlled type 2 diabetes and its levels correlated with cellular period length. Consistent with this circadian link, the ICAM1 gene also displayed rhythmic binding of the circadian locomotor output cycles kaput (CLOCK) protein that correlated with gene expression. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION We provide for the first time a potential molecular link between glycaemic control in individuals with type 2 diabetes and circadian clock machinery. This paves the way for further mechanistic understanding of circadian oscillator changes upon type 2 diabetes development in humans. DATA AVAILABILITY RNA sequencing data and clinical phenotypic data have been deposited at the European Genome-phenome Archive (EGA), which is hosted by the European Bioinformatics Institute (EBI) and the Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), ega-box-1210, under accession no. EGAS00001003622.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flore Sinturel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Hypertension and Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet, 1, CH-1211, 14, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva (iGE3), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Anne-Marie Makhlouf
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Hypertension and Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet, 1, CH-1211, 14, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva (iGE3), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Meyer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Hypertension and Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet, 1, CH-1211, 14, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christel Tran
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Hypertension and Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet, 1, CH-1211, 14, Geneva, Switzerland
- Center for Molecular Diseases, Division of Genetic Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Zoltan Pataky
- Division for Therapeutic Patient Education for Chronic Diseases, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alain Golay
- Division for Therapeutic Patient Education for Chronic Diseases, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Guillaume Rey
- Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva (iGE3), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Cédric Howald
- Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva (iGE3), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Emmanouil T Dermitzakis
- Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva (iGE3), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Claude Pichard
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Hypertension and Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet, 1, CH-1211, 14, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jacques Philippe
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Hypertension and Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet, 1, CH-1211, 14, Geneva, Switzerland
- Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Steven A Brown
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Charna Dibner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Hypertension and Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet, 1, CH-1211, 14, Geneva, Switzerland.
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
- Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
- Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva (iGE3), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
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Duglan D, Lamia KA. Clocking In, Working Out: Circadian Regulation of Exercise Physiology. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2019; 30:347-356. [PMID: 31054802 PMCID: PMC6545246 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Research over the past century indicates that the daily timing of physical activity impacts on both immediate performance and long-term training efficacy. Recently, several molecular connections between circadian clocks and exercise physiology have been identified. Circadian clocks are protein-based oscillators that enable anticipation of daily environmental cycles. Cell-autonomous clocks are present in almost all cells of the body, and their timing is set by a variety of internal and external signals, including hormones and dietary intake. Improved understanding of the relationship between molecular clocks and exercise will benefit professional athletes and public health guidelines for the general population. We discuss here the role of circadian clocks in exercise, and explore time-of-day effects and the proposed molecular and physiological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drew Duglan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Katja A Lamia
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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Abstract
Insulin resistance is a main determinant in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus and a major cause of morbidity and mortality. The circadian timing system consists of a central brain clock in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus and various peripheral tissue clocks. The circadian timing system is responsible for the coordination of many daily processes, including the daily rhythm in human glucose metabolism. The central clock regulates food intake, energy expenditure and whole-body insulin sensitivity, and these actions are further fine-tuned by local peripheral clocks. For instance, the peripheral clock in the gut regulates glucose absorption, peripheral clocks in muscle, adipose tissue and liver regulate local insulin sensitivity, and the peripheral clock in the pancreas regulates insulin secretion. Misalignment between different components of the circadian timing system and daily rhythms of sleep-wake behaviour or food intake as a result of genetic, environmental or behavioural factors might be an important contributor to the development of insulin resistance. Specifically, clock gene mutations, exposure to artificial light-dark cycles, disturbed sleep, shift work and social jet lag are factors that might contribute to circadian disruption. Here, we review the physiological links between circadian clocks, glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity, and present current evidence for a relationship between circadian disruption and insulin resistance. We conclude by proposing several strategies that aim to use chronobiological knowledge to improve human metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Jan Stenvers
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Frank A J L Scheer
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Patrick Schrauwen
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Susanne E la Fleur
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Laboratory for Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), Royal Dutch Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Andries Kalsbeek
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
- Laboratory for Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), Royal Dutch Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Amsterdam, Netherlands.
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Dollet L, Zierath JR. Interplay between diet, exercise and the molecular circadian clock in orchestrating metabolic adaptations of adipose tissue. J Physiol 2019; 597:1439-1450. [PMID: 30615204 DOI: 10.1113/jp276488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Disruption of circadian rhythmicity induced by prolonged light exposure, altered sleep patterns and shift work is associated with the development of obesity and related metabolic disorders, including type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. White and brown adipose tissue activity shows circadian rhythmicity, with daily variations in the regulation of metabolic processes such as lipolysis, glucose and lipid uptake, and adipokine secretion. The role of the circadian clock in the regulation of energy homeostasis has raised interest in clock-related strategies to mitigate metabolic disturbances associated with type 2 diabetes, including 'resynchronizing' metabolism through diet or targeting a particular time of a day to potentiate the effect of a pharmacological or physiological treatment. Exercise is an effective intervention to prevent insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Beyond its effect on skeletal muscle, exercise training also has a profound effect on adipose tissue. Adipose tissue partly mediates the beneficial effect of exercise on glucose and energy homeostasis, via its metabolic and endocrine function. The interaction between zeitgeber time and diet or exercise is likely to influence the metabolic response of adipose tissue and therefore impact the whole-body phenotype. Understanding the impact of circadian clock systems on human physiology and how this is regulated by exercise in a tissue-specific manner will yield new insights for the management of metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucile Dollet
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Section for Integrative Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Juleen R Zierath
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Section for Integrative Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Section for Integrative Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Abstract
The epidemic of Type 2 diabetes mellitus necessitates development of novel therapeutic and preventative strategies to attenuate expansion of this debilitating disease. Evidence links the circadian system to various aspects of diabetes pathophysiology and treatment. The aim of this review will be to outline the rationale for therapeutic targeting of the circadian system in the treatment and prevention of Type 2 diabetes mellitus and consequent metabolic comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naureen Javeed
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Aleksey V Matveyenko
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota.,Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic School of Medicine, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota
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Lewis P, Korf HW, Kuffer L, Groß JV, Erren TC. Exercise time cues (zeitgebers) for human circadian systems can foster health and improve performance: a systematic review. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2018; 4:e000443. [PMID: 30687511 PMCID: PMC6330200 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2018-000443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Circadian system time cues (zeitgebers) acting synergistically at the right times can foster chronobiological homeostasis and ultimately health. Modern 24/7 societies are challenging chronobiological homeostasis and public health. Exercise has been discussed as a potential zeitgeber for the human circadian system. Thus, if timed correctly, exercise may help in maintenance of chronobiological homeostasis and foster public health amidst increasingly challenging 24/7 lifestyles. Objective To test, using a systematic review of the literature, the following hypothesis: exercise is a zeitgeber for the human circadian system. Data sources The PubMed database was systematically searched on 19 October 2017 for relevant scientific studies and reports concerning chronobiology and exercise. Eligibility criteria were defined to include articles considering exercise as a potential zeitgeber for human circadian rhythmicity or chronobiological effects of exercise on health and/or physical performance. Cognitive effects and effects on children were excluded from the synthesis. Results Our systematic literature search and synthesis is compatible with the validity of the hypothesis. We report that potential exercise-zeitgeber properties may be used to improve health and performance. Conclusions Informed timing of exercise, specific to the circadian rhythm phase and zeitgeber exposure of the individual, must be advocated in performance and disease contexts as an adjunct therapeutic or preventative strategy and physical enhancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Lewis
- Institute and Policlinic for Occupational Medicine, Environmental Medicine and Prevention Research, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Horst W Korf
- Institute of Anatomy I, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Liz Kuffer
- Institute and Policlinic for Occupational Medicine, Environmental Medicine and Prevention Research, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - J Valérie Groß
- Institute and Policlinic for Occupational Medicine, Environmental Medicine and Prevention Research, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas C Erren
- Institute and Policlinic for Occupational Medicine, Environmental Medicine and Prevention Research, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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43
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Koritala BSC, Çakmaklı S. The human circadian clock from health to economics. Psych J 2018; 7:176-196. [DOI: 10.1002/pchj.252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bala S. C. Koritala
- Department of Biology; Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey; Camden New Jersey USA
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology; Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey; Camden New Jersey USA
| | - Selim Çakmaklı
- Department of Economics; Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey; Camden New Jersey USA
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Petrenko V, Philippe J, Dibner C. Time zones of pancreatic islet metabolism. Diabetes Obes Metab 2018; 20 Suppl 2:116-126. [PMID: 30230177 DOI: 10.1111/dom.13383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Most living beings possess an intrinsic system of circadian oscillators, allowing anticipation of the Earth's rotation around its own axis. The mammalian circadian timing system orchestrates nearly all aspects of physiology and behaviour. Together with systemic signals originating from the central clock that resides in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus, peripheral oscillators orchestrate tissue-specific fluctuations in gene transcription and translation, and posttranslational modifications, driving overt rhythms in physiology and behaviour. There is accumulating evidence of a reciprocal connection between the circadian oscillator and most aspects of physiology and metabolism, in particular as the circadian system plays a critical role in orchestrating body glucose homeostasis. Recent reports imply that circadian clocks operative in the endocrine pancreas regulate insulin secretion, and that islet clock perturbation in rodents leads to the development of overt type 2 diabetes. While whole islet clocks have been extensively studied during the last years, the heterogeneity of islet cell oscillators and the interplay between α- and β-cellular clocks for orchestrating glucagon and insulin secretion have only recently gained attention. Here, we review recent findings on the molecular makeup of the circadian clocks operative in pancreatic islet cells in rodents and in humans, and focus on the physiologically relevant synchronizers that are resetting these time-keepers. Moreover, the implication of islet clock functional outputs in the temporal coordination of metabolism in health and disease will be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volodymyr Petrenko
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Hypertension and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (iGE3), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jacques Philippe
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Hypertension and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (iGE3), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Charna Dibner
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Hypertension and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (iGE3), Geneva, Switzerland
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Delezie J, Handschin C. Endocrine Crosstalk Between Skeletal Muscle and the Brain. Front Neurol 2018; 9:698. [PMID: 30197620 PMCID: PMC6117390 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is an essential regulator of energy homeostasis and a potent coordinator of exercise-induced adaptations in other organs including the liver, fat or the brain. Skeletal muscle-initiated crosstalk with other tissues is accomplished though the secretion of myokines, protein hormones which can exert autocrine, paracrine and long-distance endocrine effects. In addition, the enhanced release or uptake of metabolites from and into contracting muscle cells, respectively, likewise can act as a powerful mediator of tissue interactions, in particular in regard to the central nervous system. The present review will discuss the current stage of knowledge regarding how exercise and the muscle secretome improve a broad range of brain functions related to vascularization, neuroplasticity, memory, sleep and mood. Even though the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the communication between muscle and brain is still poorly understood, physical activity represents one of the most effective strategies to reduce the prevalence and incidence of depression, cognitive, metabolic or degenerative neuronal disorders, and thus warrants further study.
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Metronidazole Causes Skeletal Muscle Atrophy and Modulates Muscle Chronometabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082418. [PMID: 30115857 PMCID: PMC6121908 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics lead to increased susceptibility to colonization by pathogenic organisms, with different effects on the host-microbiota relationship. Here, we show that metronidazole treatment of specific pathogen-free (SPF) mice results in a significant increase of the bacterial phylum Proteobacteria in fecal pellets. Furthermore, metronidazole in SPF mice decreases hind limb muscle weight and results in smaller fibers in the tibialis anterior muscle. In the gastrocnemius muscle, metronidazole causes upregulation of Hdac4, myogenin, MuRF1, and atrogin1, which are implicated in skeletal muscle neurogenic atrophy. Metronidazole in SPF mice also upregulates skeletal muscle FoxO3, described as involved in apoptosis and muscle regeneration. Of note, alteration of the gut microbiota results in increased expression of the muscle core clock and effector genes Cry2, Ror-β, and E4BP4. PPARγ and one of its important target genes, adiponectin, are also upregulated by metronidazole. Metronidazole in germ-free (GF) mice increases the expression of other core clock genes, such as Bmal1 and Per2, as well as the metabolic regulators FoxO1 and Pdk4, suggesting a microbiota-independent pharmacologic effect. In conclusion, metronidazole in SPF mice results in skeletal muscle atrophy and changes the expression of genes involved in the muscle peripheral circadian rhythm machinery and metabolic regulation.
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Dyar KA, Hubert MJ, Mir AA, Ciciliot S, Lutter D, Greulich F, Quagliarini F, Kleinert M, Fischer K, Eichmann TO, Wright LE, Peña Paz MI, Casarin A, Pertegato V, Romanello V, Albiero M, Mazzucco S, Rizzuto R, Salviati L, Biolo G, Blaauw B, Schiaffino S, Uhlenhaut NH. Transcriptional programming of lipid and amino acid metabolism by the skeletal muscle circadian clock. PLoS Biol 2018; 16:e2005886. [PMID: 30096135 PMCID: PMC6105032 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2005886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian clocks are fundamental physiological regulators of energy homeostasis, but direct transcriptional targets of the muscle clock machinery are unknown. To understand how the muscle clock directs rhythmic metabolism, we determined genome-wide binding of the master clock regulators brain and muscle ARNT-like protein 1 (BMAL1) and REV-ERBα in murine muscles. Integrating occupancy with 24-hr gene expression and metabolomics after muscle-specific loss of BMAL1 and REV-ERBα, here we unravel novel molecular mechanisms connecting muscle clock function to daily cycles of lipid and protein metabolism. Validating BMAL1 and REV-ERBα targets using luciferase assays and in vivo rescue, we demonstrate how a major role of the muscle clock is to promote diurnal cycles of neutral lipid storage while coordinately inhibiting lipid and protein catabolism prior to awakening. This occurs by BMAL1-dependent activation of Dgat2 and REV-ERBα-dependent repression of major targets involved in lipid metabolism and protein turnover (MuRF-1, Atrogin-1). Accordingly, muscle-specific loss of BMAL1 is associated with metabolic inefficiency, impaired muscle triglyceride biosynthesis, and accumulation of bioactive lipids and amino acids. Taken together, our data provide a comprehensive overview of how genomic binding of BMAL1 and REV-ERBα is related to temporal changes in gene expression and metabolite fluctuations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Allen Dyar
- Helmholtz Diabetes Center (HMGU) and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Institute for Diabetes and Obesity (IDO), Munich, Germany
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, Italy
| | - Michaël Jean Hubert
- Helmholtz Diabetes Center (HMGU) and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Institute for Diabetes and Obesity (IDO), Munich, Germany
| | - Ashfaq Ali Mir
- Helmholtz Diabetes Center (HMGU) and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Institute for Diabetes and Obesity (IDO), Munich, Germany
| | | | - Dominik Lutter
- Helmholtz Diabetes Center (HMGU) and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Institute for Diabetes and Obesity (IDO), Munich, Germany
| | - Franziska Greulich
- Helmholtz Diabetes Center (HMGU) and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Institute for Diabetes and Obesity (IDO), Munich, Germany
| | - Fabiana Quagliarini
- Helmholtz Diabetes Center (HMGU) and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Institute for Diabetes and Obesity (IDO), Munich, Germany
| | - Maximilian Kleinert
- Helmholtz Diabetes Center (HMGU) and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Institute for Diabetes and Obesity (IDO), Munich, Germany
| | - Katrin Fischer
- Helmholtz Diabetes Center (HMGU) and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Institute for Diabetes and Obesity (IDO), Munich, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Alberto Casarin
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova, and IRP Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy
| | - Vanessa Pertegato
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova, and IRP Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Mattia Albiero
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, Italy
| | - Sara Mazzucco
- Clinica Medica, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Rosario Rizzuto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Leonardo Salviati
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova, and IRP Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy
| | - Gianni Biolo
- Clinica Medica, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Bert Blaauw
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - N. Henriette Uhlenhaut
- Helmholtz Diabetes Center (HMGU) and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Institute for Diabetes and Obesity (IDO), Munich, Germany
- Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet (LMU), Munich, Germany
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48
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Camera DM. Anabolic Heterogeneity Following Resistance Training: A Role for Circadian Rhythm? Front Physiol 2018; 9:569. [PMID: 29875682 PMCID: PMC5974096 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
It is now well established that resistance exercise stimulates muscle protein synthesis and promotes gains in muscle mass and strength. However, considerable variability exists following standardized resistance training programs in the magnitude of muscle cross-sectional area and strength responses from one individual to another. Several studies have recently posited that alterations in satellite cell population, myogenic gene expression and microRNAs may contribute to individual variability in anabolic adaptation. One emerging factor that may also explain the variability in responses to resistance exercise is circadian rhythms and underlying molecular clock signals. The molecular clock is found in most cells within the body, including skeletal muscle, and principally functions to optimize the timing of specific cellular events around a 24 h cycle. Accumulating evidence investigating the skeletal muscle molecular clock indicates that exercise-induced contraction and its timing may regulate gene expression and protein synthesis responses which, over time, can influence and modulate key physiological responses such as muscle hypertrophy and increased strength. Therefore, the circadian clock may play a key role in the heterogeneous anabolic responses with resistance exercise. The central aim of this Hypothesis and Theory is to discuss and propose the potential interplay between the circadian molecular clock and established molecular mechanisms mediating muscle anabolic responses with resistance training. This article begins with a current review of the mechanisms associated with the heterogeneity in muscle anabolism with resistance training before introducing the molecular pathways regulating circadian function in skeletal muscle. Recent work showing members of the core molecular clock system can regulate myogenic and translational signaling pathways is also discussed, forming the basis for a possible role of the circadian clock in the variable anabolic responses with resistance exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donny M Camera
- Exercise and Nutrition Research Program, Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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49
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Perrin L, Loizides-Mangold U, Chanon S, Gobet C, Hulo N, Isenegger L, Weger BD, Migliavacca E, Charpagne A, Betts JA, Walhin JP, Templeman I, Stokes K, Thompson D, Tsintzas K, Robert M, Howald C, Riezman H, Feige JN, Karagounis LG, Johnston JD, Dermitzakis ET, Gachon F, Lefai E, Dibner C. Transcriptomic analyses reveal rhythmic and CLOCK-driven pathways in human skeletal muscle. eLife 2018; 7:34114. [PMID: 29658882 PMCID: PMC5902165 DOI: 10.7554/elife.34114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Circadian regulation of transcriptional processes has a broad impact on cell metabolism. Here, we compared the diurnal transcriptome of human skeletal muscle conducted on serial muscle biopsies in vivo with profiles of human skeletal myotubes synchronized in vitro. More extensive rhythmic transcription was observed in human skeletal muscle compared to in vitro cell culture as a large part of the in vivo mRNA rhythmicity was lost in vitro. siRNA-mediated clock disruption in primary myotubes significantly affected the expression of ~8% of all genes, with impact on glucose homeostasis and lipid metabolism. Genes involved in GLUT4 expression, translocation and recycling were negatively affected, whereas lipid metabolic genes were altered to promote activation of lipid utilization. Moreover, basal and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake were significantly reduced upon CLOCK depletion. Our findings suggest an essential role for the circadian coordination of skeletal muscle glucose homeostasis and lipid metabolism in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Perrin
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Hypertension and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ursula Loizides-Mangold
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Hypertension and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Cédric Gobet
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Lausanne, Switzerland.,School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Hulo
- Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Service for Biomathematical and Biostatistical Analyses, Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Laura Isenegger
- Service for Biomathematical and Biostatistical Analyses, Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - James A Betts
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | | | - Iain Templeman
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Keith Stokes
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Dylan Thompson
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Kostas Tsintzas
- MRC/ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Maud Robert
- Department of Digestive and Bariatric Surgery, Edouard Herriot University Hospital, Lyon, France
| | - Cedric Howald
- Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Howard Riezman
- Department of Biochemistry, NCCR Chemical Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jerome N Feige
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Lausanne, Switzerland.,School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Leonidas G Karagounis
- Experimental Myology and Integrative Biology Research Cluster, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of St Mark and St John, Plymouth, United Kingdom.,Institute of Nutritional Science, Nestlé Research Centre, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jonathan D Johnston
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Emmanouil T Dermitzakis
- Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Frédéric Gachon
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Lausanne, Switzerland.,School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Charna Dibner
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Hypertension and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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50
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Chanon S, Chazarin B, Toubhans B, Durand C, Chery I, Robert M, Vieille-Marchiset A, Swenson JE, Zedrosser A, Evans AL, Brunberg S, Arnemo JM, Gauquelin-Koch G, Storey KB, Simon C, Blanc S, Bertile F, Lefai E. Proteolysis inhibition by hibernating bear serum leads to increased protein content in human muscle cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5525. [PMID: 29615761 PMCID: PMC5883044 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23891-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle atrophy is one of the main characteristics of human ageing and physical inactivity, with resulting adverse health outcomes. To date, there are still no efficient therapeutic strategies for its prevention and/or treatment. However, during hibernation, bears exhibit a unique ability for preserving muscle in conditions where muscle atrophy would be expected in humans. Therefore, our objective was to determine whether there are components of bear serum which can control protein balance in human muscles. In this study, we exposed cultured human differentiated muscle cells to bear serum collected during winter and summer periods, and measured the impact on cell protein content and turnover. In addition, we explored the signalling pathways that control rates of protein synthesis and degradation. We show that the protein turnover of human myotubes is reduced when incubated with winter bear serum, with a dramatic inhibition of proteolysis involving both proteasomal and lysosomal systems, and resulting in an increase in muscle cell protein content. By modulating intracellular signalling pathways and inducing a protein sparing phenotype in human muscle cells, winter bear serum therefore holds potential for developing new tools to fight human muscle atrophy and related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Chanon
- CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM, INRA, University of Lyon, Pierre-Benite, France
| | - Blandine Chazarin
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, F-67000, Strasbourg, France
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse Bio-Organique, 25 rue Becquerel, F-67087, Strasbourg, France
- Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales, CNES, 75039, Paris, France
| | - Benoit Toubhans
- CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM, INRA, University of Lyon, Pierre-Benite, France
| | - Christine Durand
- CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM, INRA, University of Lyon, Pierre-Benite, France
| | - Isabelle Chery
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, F-67000, Strasbourg, France
- Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie, 23 rue Becquerel, F-67087, Strasbourg, France
| | - Maud Robert
- CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM, INRA, University of Lyon, Pierre-Benite, France
- Department of digestive and bariatric surgery, Obesity Integrated Center, University Hospital of Edouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France
| | | | - Jon E Swenson
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1432, Ås, Norway
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, 7485, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Andreas Zedrosser
- Department of Natural Sciences and Environmental Health, University College of Southeast Norway, N3800 Bø in Telemark, Bø, Norway
- Institute of Wildlife Biology and Game Management, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Gregor Mendel Str. 33, A-1180, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alina L Evans
- Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, NO-2480, Koppang, Norway
| | - Sven Brunberg
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1432, Ås, Norway
| | - Jon M Arnemo
- Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, NO-2480, Koppang, Norway
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Kenneth B Storey
- Institute of Biochemistry and Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Chantal Simon
- CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM, INRA, University of Lyon, Pierre-Benite, France
| | - Stéphane Blanc
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, F-67000, Strasbourg, France
- Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie, 23 rue Becquerel, F-67087, Strasbourg, France
| | - Fabrice Bertile
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, F-67000, Strasbourg, France
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse Bio-Organique, 25 rue Becquerel, F-67087, Strasbourg, France
| | - Etienne Lefai
- CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM, INRA, University of Lyon, Pierre-Benite, France.
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