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Bianchi M, Paravani EV, Acosta MG, Odetti LM, Simoniello MF, Poletta GL. Pesticide-induced alterations in zebrafish (Danio rerio) behavior, histology, DNA damage and mRNA expression: An integrated approach. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2024; 280:109895. [PMID: 38479676 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.109895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
To assess the impact of glyphosate and 2,4-D herbicides, as well as the insecticide imidacloprid, both individually and in combination, the gills of adult zebrafish were used due to their intimate interaction with chemicals diluted in water. Bioassays were performed exposing the animals to the different pesticides and their mixture for 96 h. The behavior of the fish was analyzed, a histological examination of the gills was carried out, and the genotoxic effects were also analyzed by means of the comet assay (CA) and the change in the expression profiles of genes involved in the pathways of the oxidative stress and cellular apoptosis. The length traveled and the average speed of the control fish, compared to those exposed to the pesticides and mainly those exposed to the mixture, were significantly greater. All the groups exposed individually exhibited a decrease in thigmotaxis time, indicating a reduction in the behavior of protecting themselves from predators. Histological analysis revealed significant differences in the structures of the gill tissues. The quantification of the histological lesions showed mild lesions in the fish exposed to imidacloprid, moderate to severe lesions for glyphosate, and severe lesions in the case of 2,4-D and the mixture of pesticides. The CA revealed the sensitivity of gill cells to DNA damage following exposure to glyphosate, 2,4-D, imidacloprid and the mixture. Finally, both genes involved in the oxidative stress pathway and those related to the cell apoptosis pathway were overexpressed, while the ogg1 gene, involved in DNA repair, was downregulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bianchi
- Laboratorio de Química Ambiental, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos, Oro Verde, Argentina.
| | - E V Paravani
- Laboratorio de Química Ambiental, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos, Oro Verde, Argentina
| | - M G Acosta
- Laboratorio de Química Ambiental, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos, Oro Verde, Argentina
| | - L M Odetti
- Cátedra de Toxicología, Farmacología y Bioquímica Legal, FBCB-UNL, Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), CABA, Argentina
| | - M F Simoniello
- Cátedra de Toxicología, Farmacología y Bioquímica Legal, FBCB-UNL, Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - G L Poletta
- Cátedra de Toxicología, Farmacología y Bioquímica Legal, FBCB-UNL, Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), CABA, Argentina
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2
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Díaz-Soto JA, Mussali-Galante P, Castrejón-Godínez ML, Saldarriaga-Noreña HA, Tovar-Sánchez E, Rodríguez A. Glyphosate resistance and biodegradation by Burkholderia cenocepacia CEIB S5-2. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:37480-37495. [PMID: 38776026 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33772-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Glyphosate is a broad spectrum and non-selective herbicide employed to control different weeds in agricultural and urban zones and to facilitate the harvest of various crops. Currently, glyphosate-based formulations are the most employed herbicides in agriculture worldwide. Extensive use of glyphosate has been related to environmental pollution events and adverse effects on non-target organisms, including humans. Reducing the presence of glyphosate in the environment and its potential adverse effects requires the development of remediation and treatment alternatives. Bioremediation with microorganisms has been proposed as a feasible alternative for treating glyphosate pollution. The present study reports the glyphosate resistance profile and degradation capacity of the bacterial strain Burkholderia cenocepacia CEIB S5-2, isolated from an agricultural field in Morelos-México. According to the agar plates and the liquid media inhibition assays, the bacterial strain can resist glyphosate exposure at high concentrations, 2000 mg·L-1. In the degradation assays, the bacterial strain was capable of fast degrading glyphosate (50 mg·L-1) and the primary degradation metabolite aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) in just eight hours. The analysis of the genomic data of B. cenocepacia CEIB S5-2 revealed the presence of genes that encode enzymes implicated in glyphosate biodegradation through the two metabolic pathways reported, sarcosine and AMPA. This investigation provides novel information about the potential of species of the genus Burkholderia in the degradation of the herbicide glyphosate and its main degradation metabolite (AMPA). Furthermore, the analysis of genomic information allowed us to propose for the first time a metabolic route related to the degradation of glyphosate in this bacterial group. According to the findings of this study, B. cenocepacia CEIB S5-2 displays a great glyphosate biodegradation capability and has the potential to be implemented in glyphosate bioremediation approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Antonio Díaz-Soto
- Doctorado en Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, CP, 62209, México
| | - Patricia Mussali-Galante
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad, 1001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, CP, 62209, Morelos, México
| | - María Luisa Castrejón-Godínez
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad, 1001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, CP, 62209, Morelos, México
| | - Hugo Albeiro Saldarriaga-Noreña
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad, 1001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, CP, 62209, Morelos, México
| | - Efraín Tovar-Sánchez
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Conservación, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad, 1001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, CP, 62209, Morelos, México
| | - Alexis Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad, 1001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, CP, 62209, Morelos, México.
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Jenkins HM, Meeker JD, Zimmerman E, Cathey A, Fernandez J, Montañez GH, Park S, Pabón ZR, Vélez Vega CM, Cordero JF, Alshawabkeh A, Watkins DJ. Gestational glyphosate exposure and early childhood neurodevelopment in a Puerto Rico birth cohort. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 246:118114. [PMID: 38211716 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine, or glyphosate, is a non-selective systemic herbicide widely used in agricultural, industrial, and residential settings since 1974. Glyphosate exposure has been inconsistently linked to neurotoxicity in animals, and studies of effects of gestational exposure among humans are scarce. In this study we investigated relationships between prenatal urinary glyphosate analytes and early childhood neurodevelopment. METHODS Mother-child pairs from the PROTECT-CRECE birth cohort in Puerto Rico with measures for both maternal urinary glyphosate analytes and child neurodevelopment were included for analysis (n = 143). Spot urine samples were collected 1-3 times throughout pregnancy and analyzed for glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), an environmental degradant of glyphosate. Child neurodevelopment was assessed at 6, 12, and 24 months using the Battelle Developmental Inventory, 2nd edition Spanish (BDI-2), which provides scores for adaptive, personal-social, communication, motor, and cognitive domains. We used multivariable linear regression to examine associations between the geometric mean of maternal urinary glyphosate analytes across pregnancy and BDI-2 scores at each follow-up. Results were expressed as percent change in BDI-2 score per interquartile range increase in exposure. RESULTS Prenatal AMPA concentrations were negatively associated with communication domain at 12 months (%change = -5.32; 95%CI: 9.04, -1.61; p = 0.007), and communication subdomain scores at 12 and 24 months. At 24 months, four BDI-2 domains were associated with AMPA: adaptive (%change = -3.15; 95%CI: 6.05, -0.25; p = 0.038), personal-social (%change = -4.37; 95%CI: 7.48, -1.26; p = 0.008), communication (%change = -7.00; 95%CI: 11.75, -2.26; p = 0.005), and cognitive (%change = -4.02; 95%CI: 6.72, -1.32; p = 0.005). Similar trends were observed with GLY concentrations, but most confidence intervals include zero. We found no significant associations at 6 months. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that gestational exposure to glyphosate is associated with adverse early neurodevelopment, with more pronounced delays at 24 months. Given glyphosate's wide usage, further investigation into the impact of gestational glyphosate exposure on neurodevelopment is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haley M Jenkins
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - John D Meeker
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Emily Zimmerman
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Amber Cathey
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Jennifer Fernandez
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Gredia Huerta Montañez
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Seonyoung Park
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Zaira Rosario Pabón
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Carmen M Vélez Vega
- Department of Social Sciences, UPR Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico Graduate School of Public Health, San Juan, PR, 00936, USA.
| | - José F Cordero
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
| | - Akram Alshawabkeh
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Deborah J Watkins
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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Renoirt M, Angelier F, Cheron M, Jabaud L, Tartu S, Brischoux F. Population declines of a widespread amphibian in agricultural landscapes. THE SCIENCE OF NATURE - NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN 2024; 111:17. [PMID: 38498200 DOI: 10.1007/s00114-024-01905-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Modern agricultural practices are suspected to play a major role in the ongoing erosion of biodiversity. In order to assess whether this biodiversity loss is linked to past habitat modifications (e.g. land consolidation) or to current consequences of modern agriculture (e.g. use of agrochemicals), it remains essential to monitor species that have persisted in agricultural landscapes to date. In this study, we assessed the presence, abundance and recent population trends of one such species, the spined toad (Bufo spinosus) along a gradient of habitats from preserved (forests) to highly agricultural sites in rural Western France. Our results showed that both presence and abundance of spined toads were markedly lower in reproductive ponds surrounded by intensive agriculture. The most salient result of our study is the ongoing decline of this species in farmland habitats. Indeed, this result suggests that unknown factors are currently affecting a widespread terrestrial amphibian previously thought to persist in agricultural landscapes. These factors have recently induced strong population declines over the course of a few years. Future investigations are required to identify these factors at a time when anthropogenic activities are currently leading to unprecedented rates of biodiversity loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Renoirt
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, UMR7372 CNRS-La Rochelle Université, 79360, Villiers en Bois, France
| | - Frédéric Angelier
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, UMR7372 CNRS-La Rochelle Université, 79360, Villiers en Bois, France
| | - Marion Cheron
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, UMR7372 CNRS-La Rochelle Université, 79360, Villiers en Bois, France
| | - Laure Jabaud
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, UMR7372 CNRS-La Rochelle Université, 79360, Villiers en Bois, France
| | - Sabrina Tartu
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, UMR7372 CNRS-La Rochelle Université, 79360, Villiers en Bois, France
| | - François Brischoux
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, UMR7372 CNRS-La Rochelle Université, 79360, Villiers en Bois, France.
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Abe FR, Dorta DJ, Gravato C, de Oliveira DP. Elucidating the effects of pure glyphosate and a commercial formulation on early life stages of zebrafish using a complete biomarker approach: All-or-nothing! THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 916:170012. [PMID: 38246377 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The search for new methods in the toxicology field has increased the use of early life stages of zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a versatile organism model. Here, we use early stages of zebrafish to evaluate glyphosate as pure active ingredient and within a commercial formulation in terms of oxidative stress. Biomarkers involved in the oxidative status were evaluated along with other markers of neurotoxicity, genotoxicity, cytotoxicity, energy balance and motor performance, and the selected tools were evaluated by its sensitivity in determining early-warning events. Zebrafish embryos exposed to glyphosate active ingredient and glyphosate-based formulation were under oxidative stress, but only the commercial formulation delayed the embryogenesis, affected the cholinergic neurotransmission and induced DNA damage. Both altered the motor performance of larvae at very low concentrations, becoming larvae hypoactive. The energy balance was also impaired, as embryos under oxidative stress had lower lipids reserves. Although data suggest that glyphosate-based formulation has higher toxicity than the active ingredient itself, the most sensitive biomarkers detected early-warning effects at very low concentrations of the active ingredient. Biochemical biomarkers of defense system and oxidative damage were the most sensitive tools, detecting pro-oxidant responses at very low concentrations, along with markers of motor performance that showed high sensitivity and high throughput, suitable for detecting early effects linked to neurotoxicity. Alterations on morphology during embryogenesis showed the lowest sensitivity, thus morphological alterations appeared after several alterations at biochemical levels. Tools evaluating DNA damage and cell proliferation showed mid-sensitivity, but low throughput, thus they could be used as complementary markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Renata Abe
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Science, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Daniel Junqueira Dorta
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, 14040-901 Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Institute of Science and Technology for Detection, Toxicological Evaluation and Removal of Micropollutants and Radioactive Substances (INCT-DATREM), Brazil
| | - Carlos Gravato
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Danielle Palma de Oliveira
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Science, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Institute of Science and Technology for Detection, Toxicological Evaluation and Removal of Micropollutants and Radioactive Substances (INCT-DATREM), Brazil.
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6
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Wei X, Pan Y, Zhang Z, Cui J, Yin R, Li H, Qin J, Li AJ, Qiu R. Biomonitoring of glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid: Current insights and future perspectives. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 463:132814. [PMID: 37890382 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate is one of the most widely used herbicides globally, raising concerns about its potential impact on human health. Biomonitoring studies play a crucial role in assessing human exposure to glyphosate and providing valuable insights into its distribution and metabolism in the body. This review aims to summarize the current trends and future perspectives in biomonitoring of glyphosate and its major degradation product of aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA). A comprehensive literature search was conducted, focusing on studies published between January 2000 and December 2022. The findings demonstrated that glyphosate and AMPA have been reported in different human specimens with urine as the dominance. Sample pretreatment techniques of solid-phase and liquid-liquid extractions coupled with liquid/gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry have achieved matrix elimination and accurate analysis. We also examined and compared the exposure characteristics of these compounds among different regions and various populations, with significantly higher levels of glyphosate and AMPA observed in Asian populations and among occupational groups. The median urinary concentration of glyphosate in children was 0.54 ng/mL, which was relatively higher than those in women (0.28 ng/mL) and adults (0.12 ng/mL). It is worth noting that children may exhibit increased susceptibility to glyphosate exposure or have different exposure patterns compared to women and adults. A number of important perspectives were proposed in order to further facilitate the understanding of health effects of glyphosate and AMPA, which include, but are not limited to, method standardization, combined exposure assessment, attention for vulnerable populations, long-term exposure effects and risk communication and public awareness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wei
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yanan Pan
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ziqi Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jingyi Cui
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Renli Yin
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Huashou Li
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Junhao Qin
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Adela Jing Li
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Rongliang Qiu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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7
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Pagano AD, Gonçalves NM, Domingues WB, da Silveira TLR, Kütter MT, Junior ASV, Corcini CD, Nascimento MC, Dos Reis LFV, Costa PG, Bianchini A, Volcan MV, Remião MH, Campos VF. Assessment of oxidative stress biomarkers in the threatened annual killifish Austrolebias charrua exposed to Roundup. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2024; 276:109787. [PMID: 37977240 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2023.109787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to analyze the toxic effects of Roundup Transorb® on the endangered Neotropical annual killifish Austrolebias charrua through the assessment of molecular and biochemical biomarkers. The fish were collected in temporary ponds and exposed to environmentally realistic concentrations of the herbicide (5 mg.L-1 for 96 h). The production of ROS, lipid peroxidation, DNA damage, and membrane fluidity were evaluated in the blood cells by flow cytometry. The mRNA expression of the antioxidant-related genes sod2, cat, gstα, atp1a1, gclc, and ucp1 across the brain, liver, and gills was quantified. The acute exposure of annual killifish to Roundup significantly increased ROS production, lipid peroxidation, and DNA damage in their erythrocytes. Likewise, Roundup Transorb® decreased membrane fluidity in the blood cells of the exposed fish. Gene expression analysis revealed that Roundup exposure alters the relative expression of genes associated with oxidative stress and antioxidant defense. Our results give rise to new insights into adaptive mechanisms of A. charrua in response to Roundup. Since Brazilian annual killifishes strongly risk extinction, this study paves the way for developing novel biotechnologies applied to environmental monitoring and aquatic toxicology assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antônio Duarte Pagano
- Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brasil
| | - Natiéli Machado Gonçalves
- Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brasil
| | - William Borges Domingues
- Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brasil
| | | | - Mateus Tavares Kütter
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Brasil
| | | | | | - Mariana Cavalcanti Nascimento
- Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brasil
| | - Luana Ferreira Viana Dos Reis
- Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brasil
| | - Patrícia Gomes Costa
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Brasil
| | - Adalto Bianchini
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Brasil
| | | | - Mariana Härter Remião
- Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brasil
| | - Vinicius Farias Campos
- Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brasil.
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8
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Tóth G, Háhn J, Szabó G, Bakos K, Volner C, Liang X, Göbölös B, Bock I, Szoboszlay S, Urbányi B, Kriszt B, Kaszab E, Szabó I, Csenki Z. In vivo estrogenicity of glyphosate, its formulations, and AMPA on transgenic zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 342:123113. [PMID: 38072021 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.123113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
In this study, the disrupting effects of glyphosate (GLY), aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), and three glyphosate-based herbicides (GBHs) on vitellogenesis in a non-concentration-dependent manner are reported for the first time in 120 h of acute exposure of zebrafish at environmentally relevant concentrations. GBHs are commonly used worldwide in weed control management. Due to their extensive application, they frequently occur in aquatic ecosystems and may affect various organisms. The active substance GLY and its major by-product, AMPA, are the most thoroughly studied chemicals; however, the adverse effects of the complex formulas of GBHs with diverse and unknown content of co-formulants are still not sufficiently researched. This study focused on the embryotoxicity, sublethal malformations, and estrogenic potency of GLY, AMPA, and four commonly used GBHs on zebrafish embryos using a wild type and an estrogen-sensitive, transgenic zebrafish line (Tg(vtg1:mCherry)). After 120 h of exposition, AMPA did not cause acute toxicity, while the LC50 of GLY was 160 mg/L. The GBHs were more toxic with LC50 values ranging from 31 to 111 GLY active equivalent (a.e.) mg/L. Exposure to 0.35-2.8 mg/L GBHs led to sublethal abnormalities: typical symptoms were structural deformation of the lower jaw and anomalies in the olfactory region. Deformity rates were 10-30% in the treated groups. In vivo, fluorescently expressed vtg1 mCherry protein in embryonic liver was detected by a non-invasive microscopic method indicating estrogenic action through vitellogenin production by GLY, AMPA, and GBHs. To confirm the in vivo findings, RT-qPCR method was performed to determine the levels of the estrogenicity-related vtg1 mRNA. After 120 h of exposure to GLY, AMPA, and three GBHs at a concentration of 0.35 mg/L, the expression of vtg1 gene was significantly up-regulated. Our results highlight the risk that short-term GLY and GBH exposure can cause developmental malformations and disrupt the hormonal balance in zebrafish embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gergő Tóth
- Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Department of Environmental Safety, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly u. 1, H-2100, Gödöllő, Hungary.
| | - Judit Háhn
- Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Department of Environmental Safety, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly u. 1, H-2100, Gödöllő, Hungary.
| | - Gyula Szabó
- Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Department of Environmental Toxicology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly u. 1, H-2100, Gödöllő, Hungary.
| | - Katalin Bakos
- Premonstratensian St. Norbert High School, Takács Menyhért út 2, H-2100, Gödöllő, Hungary.
| | - Cintia Volner
- Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Department of Environmental Toxicology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly u. 1, H-2100, Gödöllő, Hungary.
| | - Xinyue Liang
- Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Department of Environmental Toxicology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly u. 1, H-2100, Gödöllő, Hungary.
| | - Balázs Göbölös
- Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Department of Environmental Safety, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly u. 1, H-2100, Gödöllő, Hungary.
| | - Illés Bock
- Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Department of Environmental Toxicology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly u. 1, H-2100, Gödöllő, Hungary.
| | - Sándor Szoboszlay
- Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Department of Environmental Safety, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly u. 1, H-2100, Gödöllő, Hungary.
| | - Béla Urbányi
- Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Department of Aquaculture, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly u. 1, H-2100, Gödöllő, Hungary.
| | - Balázs Kriszt
- Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Department of Environmental Safety, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly u. 1, H-2100, Gödöllő, Hungary.
| | - Edit Kaszab
- Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Department of Environmental Safety, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly u. 1, H-2100, Gödöllő, Hungary.
| | - István Szabó
- Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Department of Environmental Toxicology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly u. 1, H-2100, Gödöllő, Hungary.
| | - Zsolt Csenki
- Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Department of Environmental Toxicology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly u. 1, H-2100, Gödöllő, Hungary.
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Sol Dourdin T, Guyomard K, Rabiller M, Houssais N, Cormier A, Le Monier P, Sussarellu R, Rivière G. Ancestors' Gift: Parental Early Exposure to the Environmentally Realistic Pesticide Mixture Drives Offspring Phenotype in a Larger Extent Than Direct Exposure in the Pacific Oyster, Crassostrea gigas. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:1865-1876. [PMID: 38217500 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c08201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Marine organisms are threatened by the presence of pesticides in coastal waters. Among them, the Pacific oyster is one of the most studied invertebrates in marine ecotoxicology where numerous studies highlighted the multiscale impacts of pesticides. In the past few years, a growing body of literature has reported the epigenetic outcomes of xenobiotics. Because DNA methylation is an epigenetic mark implicated in organism development and is meiotically heritable, it raises the question of the multigenerational implications of xenobiotic-induced epigenetic alterations. Therefore, we performed a multigenerational exposure to an environmentally relevant mixture of 18 pesticides (nominal sum concentration: 2.85 μg·L-1) during embryo-larval stages (0-48 hpf) of a second generation (F1) for which parents where already exposed or not in F0. Gene expression, DNA methylation, and physiological end points were assessed throughout the life cycle of individuals. Overall, the multigenerational effect has a greater influence on the phenotype than the exposure itself. Thus, multigenerational phenotypic effects were observed: individuals descending from exposed parents exhibited lower epinephrine-induced metamorphosis and field survival rates. At the molecular level, RNA-seq and Methyl-seq data analyses performed in gastrula embryos and metamorphosis-competent pediveliger (MCP) larvae revealed a clear F0 treatment-dependent discrimination. Some genes implicated into shell secretion and immunity exhibited F1:F0 treatment interaction patterns (e.g., Calm and Myd88). Those results suggest that low chronic environmental pesticide contamination can alter organisms beyond the individual scale level and have long-term adaptive implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Sol Dourdin
- Ifremer, Unité Contamination Chimique des Ecosystèmes Marins, 44311 Cedex 03 Nantes, France
| | - Killian Guyomard
- Ifremer, Plateforme Mollusques Marins Bouin, 85029 Bouin, France
| | | | - Nina Houssais
- Ifremer, Unité Contamination Chimique des Ecosystèmes Marins, 44311 Cedex 03 Nantes, France
| | - Alexandre Cormier
- Ifremer, Service de Bioinformatique de l'Ifremer, 29280 Brest, France
| | - Pauline Le Monier
- Ifremer, Unité Contamination Chimique des Ecosystèmes Marins, 44311 Cedex 03 Nantes, France
| | - Rossana Sussarellu
- Ifremer, Physiologie et Toxines des Microalgues Toxiques, 44311 Cedex 03 Nantes, France
| | - Guillaume Rivière
- Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), UMR7208, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (MNHN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche et Développement (IRD), Sorbonne Université (SU), Université de Caen Normandie (UCN), Université des Antilles (UA), 75231 Paris Cedex, France
- BOREA, UFR des Sciences, Université de Caen-Normandie, Esplanade de la Paix, 14032 Caen Cedex, France
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10
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Emberley-Korkmaz S, Mittal K, Temlock N, Head J, Basu N. Cytotoxicity of 19 Pesticides in Rainbow Trout Gill, Liver, and Intestinal Cell Lines. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2023. [PMID: 38116990 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
The rainbow trout gill cell line (RTgill-W1), via test guideline 249 of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, has been established as a promising New Approach Methodology, although to advance confidence in the method more case studies are needed that: 1) expand our understanding of applicability domains (chemicals with diverse properties); 2) increase methodological throughput (96-well format); and 3) demonstrate biological relevance (in vitro to in vivo comparisons; gill vs. other cells). Accordingly, the objective of our study was to characterize the cytotoxicity of 19 pesticides against RTgill-W1 cells, and also liver (RTL-W1) and gut epithelial (RTgutGC) cell lines, and then to compare the in vitro and in vivo data. Of the 19 pesticides tested, 11, 9, and 8 were cytotoxic to the RTgill-W1, RTL-W1, and RTgutGC cells, respectively. Six pesticides (carbaryl, chlorothalonil, chlorpyrifos, dimethenamid-P, metolachlor, and S-metolachlor) were cytotoxic to all three cell lines. Aminomethylphosphonic acid, chlorantraniliprole, dicamba, diquat, imazethapyr, and permethrin exhibited cell-line-specific toxicity. No cytotoxic responses were observed for three herbicides (atrazine, glyphosate, and metribuzin) and four insecticides (clothianidin, diazinon, imidacloprid, and thiamethoxam). When cytotoxicity was measured, there was a strong correlation (rs = 0.9, p < 0.0001) between in vitro median effect concentration (EC50) values (based on predicted concentrations using the In Vitro Mass Balance Model Equilibrium Partitioning (IV-MBM EQP) Ver. 2.1) derived from RTgill-W1 and RTL-W1 cells with in vivo median lethal concentration (LC50) values from 96-h acute toxicity studies with trout. In all 28 cases, the in vitro EC50 was within 18-fold of the in vivo LC50. These data help increase our understanding of the ecotoxicological domains of applicability for in vitro studies using cultured rainbow trout cells, while also demonstrating that these assays performed well in a 96-well format and have promise to yield data of biological relevance. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;00:1-13. © 2023 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Emberley-Korkmaz
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Krittika Mittal
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Na'im Temlock
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jessica Head
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Niladri Basu
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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11
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Mohy-Ud-Din W, Chen F, Bashir S, Akhtar MJ, Asghar HN, Farooqi ZUR, Zulfiqar U, Haider FU, Afzal A, Alqahtani MD. Unlocking the potential of glyphosate-resistant bacterial strains in biodegradation and maize growth. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1285566. [PMID: 38204469 PMCID: PMC10777731 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1285566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)-glycine] is a non-selective herbicide with a broad spectrum activity that is commonly used to control perennial vegetation in agricultural fields. The widespread utilization of glyphosate in agriculture leads to soil, water, and food crop contamination, resulting in human and environmental health consequences. Therefore, it is imperative to devise techniques for enhancing the degradation of glyphosate in soil. Rhizobacteria play a crucial role in degrading organic contaminants. Limited work has been done on exploring the capabilities of indigenously existing glyphosate-degrading rhizobacteria in Pakistani soils. This research attempts to discover whether native bacteria have the glyphosate-degrading ability for a sustainable solution to glyphosate contamination. Therefore, this study explored the potential of 11 native strains isolated from the soil with repeated glyphosate application history and showed resistance against glyphosate at higher concentrations (200 mg kg-1). Five out of eleven strains outperformed in glyphosate degradation and plant growth promotion. High-pressure liquid chromatography showed that, on average, these five strains degraded 98% glyphosate. In addition, these strains promote maize seed germination index and shoot and root fresh biomass up to 73 and 91%, respectively. Furthermore, inoculation gave an average increase of acid phosphatase (57.97%), alkaline phosphatase (1.76-fold), and dehydrogenase activity (1.75-fold) in glyphosate-contaminated soil. The findings indicated the importance of using indigenous rhizobacteria to degrade glyphosate. Therefore, by maintaining soil health, indigenous soil biodiversity can work effectively for the bioremediation of contaminated soils and sustainable crop production in a world facing food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waqas Mohy-Ud-Din
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Feng Chen
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Safdar Bashir
- Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Javed Akhtar
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Naeem Asghar
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Zia Ur Rahman Farooqi
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Usman Zulfiqar
- Department of Agronomy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Fasih Ullah Haider
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Aneeqa Afzal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Mashael Daghash Alqahtani
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
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12
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Marimoutou M, Gruyer N, Maranger R, Thériault G, Laurion I. Using a retention pond to capture agricultural contaminants from surface waters. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 903:166226. [PMID: 37572900 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
To meet the demand of a constantly growing population, agriculture is intensifying, causing an increased use of fertilizers and pesticides. Excessive nutrients transfer to aquatic ecosystems can disrupt the water quality and impact the aquatic life. Pesticides can also have toxic effects on non-target organisms from aquatic systems. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of an agricultural retention pond in reducing the supply of nutrients, pesticides and suspended solids to the Nicolet River, a tributary of Lake St. Pierre in the St. Lawrence River. Research combining the study of the fate of a wide range of contaminants in both pond water and sediments, their toxicity to microcrustaceans, microalgae and amphipods, and the effectiveness of contaminant removal, has rarely been carried out in the past. Peak contaminant concentrations occurred one to two months after pesticide and fertilizer applications, and during the months with the highest rainfall. Toxic effects were only observed on microalgae, with suspended solids apparently responsible for this effect through light inhibition on growth rates. However, the pond was not effective in removing this toxicity even if suspended solids were largely removed. Pesticides removal varied widely among sampling dates and pesticide types, with an efficiency reaching 95 % for thiamethoxam, but generally remaining low and often negative (higher concentrations in outflowing water) for other pesticides. On the other hand, the mean fractional removal of suspended solids, phosphorus, and nitrogen based on concentrations was 71 %, 44 % and 22 %, respectively. These are conservative estimations since the removal rates based on loads were above 94 %. The use of retention ponds thus seems an efficient approach to reduce the quantity of fertilizers in rivers draining agriculture areas, but the studied pond was not systematically effective in removing pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maëva Marimoutou
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique, Centre Eau Terre Environnement, Québec, QC, Canada; Centre d'expertise en analyse environnementale du Québec, Ministère de l'Environnement et de la Lutte contre les changements climatiques, Québec, QC, Canada; Interuniversity Research Group in Limnology (GRIL), Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
| | - Nicolas Gruyer
- Centre d'expertise en analyse environnementale du Québec, Ministère de l'Environnement et de la Lutte contre les changements climatiques, Québec, QC, Canada; Biodôme, Espace pour la vie, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Roxanne Maranger
- Interuniversity Research Group in Limnology (GRIL), Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada; Département des sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Georges Thériault
- Agriculture et agroalimentaire Canada, Gouvernement du Canada, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Isabelle Laurion
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique, Centre Eau Terre Environnement, Québec, QC, Canada; Interuniversity Research Group in Limnology (GRIL), Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
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13
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Patriarcheas D, Momtareen T, Gallagher JEG. Yeast of Eden: microbial resistance to glyphosate from a yeast perspective. Curr Genet 2023; 69:203-212. [PMID: 37269314 PMCID: PMC10716058 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-023-01272-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
First marketed as RoundUp, glyphosate is history's most popular herbicide because of its low acute toxicity to metazoans and broad-spectrum effectiveness across plant species. The development of glyphosate-resistant crops has led to increased glyphosate use and consequences from the use of glyphosate-based herbicides (GBH). Glyphosate has entered the food supply, spurred glyphosate-resistant weeds, and exposed non-target organisms to glyphosate. Glyphosate targets EPSPS/AroA/Aro1 (orthologs across plants, bacteria, and fungi), the rate-limiting step in the production of aromatic amino acids from the shikimate pathway. Metazoans lacking this pathway are spared from acute toxicity and acquire their aromatic amino acids from their diet. However, glyphosate resistance is increasing in non-target organisms. Mutations and natural genetic variation discovered in Saccharomyces cerevisiae illustrate similar types of glyphosate resistance mechanisms in fungi, plants, and bacteria, in addition to known resistance mechanisms such as mutations in Aro1 that block glyphosate binding (target-site resistance (TSR)) and mutations in efflux drug transporters non-target-site resistance (NTSR). Recently, genetic variation and mutations in an amino transporter affecting glyphosate resistance have uncovered potential off-target effects of glyphosate in fungi and bacteria. While glyphosate is a glycine analog, it is transported into cells using an aspartic/glutamic acid (D/E) transporter. The size, shape, and charge distribution of glyphosate closely resembles D/E, and, therefore, glyphosate is a D/E amino acid mimic. The mitochondria use D/E in several pathways and mRNA-encoding mitochondrial proteins are differentially expressed during glyphosate exposure. Mutants downstream of Aro1 are not only sensitive to glyphosate but also a broad range of other chemicals that cannot be rescued by exogenous supplementation of aromatic amino acids. Glyphosate also decreases the pH when unbuffered and many studies do not consider the differences in pH that affect toxicity and resistance mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dionysios Patriarcheas
- Department of Biology, West Virginia University, 53 Campus Drive, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Taizina Momtareen
- Department of Biology, West Virginia University, 53 Campus Drive, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Jennifer E G Gallagher
- Department of Biology, West Virginia University, 53 Campus Drive, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA.
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14
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Alarape SA, Fagbohun AF, Ipadeola OA, Adeigbo AA, Adesola RO, Adeyemo OK. Assessment of glyphosate and its metabolites' residue concentrations in cultured African Catfish offered for sale in selected markets in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2023; 5:1250137. [PMID: 38026841 PMCID: PMC10653321 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2023.1250137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Glyphosate is a non-targeted organophosphate insecticide whose solubility and mobility in hydrophilic solvents enable its rapid leaching into the soil and subsequent contamination of ground and surface water and possible build-up in the aquatic food chain. Based on the public health importance of glyphosate in fish through consumption, it is crucial to determine the current residue concentration in culture Clarias gariepinus species. The aim of the present study is to evaluate glyphosate's residue concentrations and its metabolites in cultured African Catfish offered for sale in selected markets in Ibadan. Methods: A total of twenty-five (25) adult Clarias gariepinus (300 ± 50 g) were sourced from five (5) selected active fish markets (Ojoo, Iwo road, Eleyele, Challenge, and Apata) within the Ibadan metropolis. The collected fish tissue samples (liver, kidney, and spleen) were prepared for glyphosate residue concentration analysis using Liquid Chromatography (LC). Results: The results showed that glyphosate residues were recorded in all the seventy-five (75) fish tissue samples obtained from the selected fish markets in the Ibadan metropolis and all residue concentrations were above both the recommended Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) of 1.0 mg/kg (1 × 10-3 mg/L) and Maximum Residue Limits (MRL) of 0.01 mg/kg (1 × 10-5 mg/L). Isopropylamine has the highest residue concentration followed by N-Phosphonomethyl and Aminomethylphosphonic Acid (AMPA), while N-Acetyl Glyphosate has the least residue concentration across the sampled markets. Discussion: The presence of residues of glyphosate and its metabolites in ready-to-eat fish calls for holistic, systematic, and effective risk management strategies towards monitoring pesticide/herbicide usage in aquaculture production and ensuring the provision of wholesome fish and fish products for the consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selim Adewale Alarape
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | | | - Oladeni Adegoke Ipadeola
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | | | - Ridwan Olamilekan Adesola
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Olanike Kudirat Adeyemo
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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15
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Miranda LA, de Souza VV, Campos RA, de Campos JMS, da Silva Souza T. Phytotoxicity and cytogenotoxicity of pesticide mixtures: analysis of the effects of environmentally relevant concentrations on the aquatic environment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:112117-112131. [PMID: 37824048 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30100-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigate the toxicity of commercial formulations based on glyphosate, 2,4-D, imidacloprid, and iprodione, in isolation and mixed, on Allium cepa. The mixtures consisted of combinations in the lowest (M1), intermediate (M2), and highest concentrations (M3) of each pesticide. We measured physiological (germination rate, germination speed, and radicular length) and cyto-genotoxic (mitotic index and frequency of aberrant cells) parameters. In addition, we analyzed the cell cycle progression and cell death induction by flow cytometry. When applied in isolation, the pesticides changed the parameters evaluated. M1 and M2 inhibited root length and increased the frequency of aberrant cells. Their genotoxic effect was equivalent to that of pesticides applied in isolation. Furthermore, M1 and M2 caused cell death and M2 changed the cell cycle progression. M3 had the greatest deleterious effect on A. cepa. This mixture inhibited root length and promoted an additive or synergistic effect on the mitotic index. In addition, M3 changed all parameters analyzed by flow cytometry. This research clearly demonstrates that the pesticides tested, and their mixtures, may pose a risk to non-target organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luanna Alves Miranda
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Melhoramento, Centro de Ciências Agrárias e Engenharias, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Alto Universitário, S/No, Guararema, Alegre, Espírito Santo, 29500-000, Brazil
| | - Victor Ventura de Souza
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Renata Alice Campos
- Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - José Marcello Salabert de Campos
- Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Tatiana da Silva Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Melhoramento, Centro de Ciências Agrárias e Engenharias, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Alto Universitário, S/No, Guararema, Alegre, Espírito Santo, 29500-000, Brazil.
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16
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Lopes-Ferreira M, Farinha LRL, Costa YSO, Pinto FJ, Disner GR, da Rosa JGDS, Lima C. Pesticide-Induced Inflammation at a Glance. TOXICS 2023; 11:896. [PMID: 37999548 PMCID: PMC10675742 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11110896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
The increasing number of studies reporting the risks of the exposure to pesticides aligned with the intensified use of such hazardous chemicals has emerged as a pressing contemporary issue, notably due to the potential effects to both the environment and human health. Pesticides, while broadly applied in modern agriculture for pest control and crop protection, have raised concerns due to their unintended effects on non-target organisms. The immune system exerts a key role in the protection against the exposome, which could result in cellular imbalances and tissue damage through the inflammatory response. Pesticides, which encompass a diverse array of chemicals, have been linked to inflammation in experimental models. Therefore, the aim of this review is to discuss the increasing concern over the risks of pesticide exposure focusing on the effects of various chemical classes on inflammation by covering, as broadly as possible, different experimental approaches as well as the multiple or co-exposure of pesticides. Overall, pesticides potentially induce inflammation in different experimental models, manifested through skin irritation, respiratory impairment, or systemic effects. The connection between pesticides and inflammation highlights the importance of proper handling and regulation of these substances and underscores the need for research into safer and sustainable practices to reduce our reliance on synthetic pesticides and fertilizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Lopes-Ferreira
- Immunoregulation Unit, Laboratory of Applied Toxinology (CeTICs/FAPESP), Butantan Institute, São Paulo 05503900, Brazil; (L.R.L.F.); (Y.S.O.C.); (F.J.P.); (G.R.D.); (J.G.d.S.d.R.); (C.L.)
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17
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John R, Aravindakumar CT, Aravind UK. Delineating the cascade of molecular events in protein aggregation triggered by Glyphosate, aminomethylphosphonic acid, and Roundup in serum albumins. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 459:132158. [PMID: 37567142 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
The molecular basis of protein unfolding on exposure to the widely used herbicide, Glyphosate (GLY), its metabolite aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), and the commercial formulation Roundup have been probed using human and bovine serum albumins (HSA and BSA). Protein solutions were exposed to chemical stress at set experimental conditions. The study proceeds with spectroscopic and imaging tools. Steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence (TRF) measurements indicated polarity changes with the possibility of forming a ground-state complex. Atomic force microscopy imaging results revealed the formation of fibrils from BSA and dimer, trimer, and tetramer forms of oligomers from HSA under the chemical stress of GLY. In the presence of AMPA, serum albumins (SAs) form a compact network of oligomers. The compact network of oligomers was transformed into fibrils for HSA with increasing concentrations of AMPA. In contrast, Roundup triggered the formation of amorphous aggregates from SAs. Analysis of the Raman amide I band of all aggregates showed a significant increase in antiparallel β-sheet fractions at the expense of α-helix. The highest percentage, 24.6%, of antiparallel β-sheet fractions was present in amorphous aggregate formed from HSA under the influence of Roundup. These results demonstrated protein unfolding, which led to the formation of oligomers and fibrils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reshmi John
- Inter University Instrumentation Centre (IUIC), India
| | - Charuvila T Aravindakumar
- Inter University Instrumentation Centre (IUIC), India; School of Environmental Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam 686560, Kerala, India.
| | - Usha K Aravind
- School of Environmental Studies, Cochin University of Science and Technology (CUSAT), Kochi 682022, Kerala, India.
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Barreto LS, Souza TLD, Morais TPD, Oliveira Ribeiro CAD. Toxicity of glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) to the early stages of development of Steindachneridion melanodermatum, an endangered endemic species of Southern Brazil. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 102:104234. [PMID: 37481050 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate glyphosate (GLY) and aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) toxicity at 65, 650, and 6500 μg L-1 to the initial stages of development of Steindachneridion melanodermatum, an endangered endemic species from the Iguaçu River, assessing hatching, survival, total larval length, deformities, oxidative stress biochemical biomarkers, and neurotoxicity. Overall, looking at the sum of responses through the integrated biomarker response, the species was more sensitive to AMPA than GLY, especially at the lower concentration of 65 μg L-1, which induced mortality, deformities, underdevelopment, and oxidative stress. Considering the risk of exposure and the importance of conservation of the highly endemic ichthyofauna of this basin, it is urgent to investigate and regulate both GLY and AMPA levels at the Iguaçu River to protect not only this species, but the entire ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiza Santos Barreto
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Celular, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, CEP 81531-970, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, CEP 81531-980, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Tugstênio Lima de Souza
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Celular, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, CEP 81531-970, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, CEP 81531-980, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Tobias Pereira de Morais
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Celular, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, CEP 81531-970, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, CEP 81531-980, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Ciro Alberto de Oliveira Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Celular, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, CEP 81531-970, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
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19
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Santos AMD, Bessa LA, Augusto DSS, Vasconcelos Filho SC, Batista PF, Vitorino LC. Biomarkers of pollution by glyphosate in the lichens, Parmotrema tinctorium and Usnea barbata. BRAZ J BIOL 2023; 83:e273069. [PMID: 37646755 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.273069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Glyphosate is a herbicide commonly used in agriculture for weed control. Current agricultural production demands vast amounts of this product, which are applied by ground or aerial spraying. The concomitant aerial currents promote glyphosate drift to vegetated or urban areas. In this context, we hypothesized that the lichens, Parmotrema tinctorum and Usnea barbata, could be sensitive to the action of glyphosate and therefore be used to bio-indicate the presence of this herbicide in areas affected by drift. Since living organisms respond in different ways to the action of herbicides, our interest was also to indicate biological markers responsive to the action of glyphosate, through concentrations and exposure times of the thallus, besides identifying the most sensitive species. We evaluated the effect of different concentrations (0.0, 4.8, 9.6, and 19.2 mg L-1) and exposure times (24, 48, and 72 hours) to glyphosate on the morphoanatomy, photobiont vitality, photosynthetic efficiency, and oxidative metabolism of the thalli. We found that the lichens, P. tinctorum and U. barbata, respond to glyphosate stress, with prospects for use in the biomonitoring of pollutant dispersal from plantation areas. When using P. tinctorum as a bioindicator, lichen morphoanatomy, photobiont vitality, and photosynthetic pigment concentration were efficient biomarkers for the effect of concentration and exposure time. For U. barbata, the lichenic morphoanatomy and the activity of SOD and APX enzymes were essential tools to indicate the herbicide action. Parmotrema tinctotum, however, was characterized as more sensitive in bio-indicating the presence of this herbicide to diagnose the air quality in urban areas or vegetation sectors adjacent to agricultural environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Dos Santos
- Instituto Federal Goiano, Laboratório de Microbiologia Agrícola, Rio Verde, GO, Brasil
| | - L A Bessa
- Instituto Federal Goiano, Laboratório de Metabolismo e Genética da Biodiversidade, Rio Verde, GO, Brasil
| | - D S S Augusto
- Instituto Federal Goiano, Laboratório de Metabolismo e Genética da Biodiversidade, Rio Verde, GO, Brasil
| | | | - P F Batista
- Instituto Federal Goiano, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Conservação - PPGBio, Rio Verde, GO, Brasil
| | - L C Vitorino
- Instituto Federal Goiano, Laboratório de Microbiologia Agrícola, Rio Verde, GO, Brasil
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20
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Cheron M, Brischoux F. Exposure to Low Concentrations of AMPA Influences Morphology and Decreases Survival During Larval Development in a Widespread Amphibian Species. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2023:10.1007/s00244-023-01008-y. [PMID: 37468648 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-023-01008-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate's primary metabolite, AMPA (aminomethylphosphonic acid), is one of the most widely detected anthropogenic substance in surface waters worldwide. However, ecotoxicological studies on the potential effects of this metabolite at environmental concentrations on wildlife are scarce. Yet, due to its chemical properties, AMPA is likely to affect non-target species. In this study, we investigated sublethal effects of environmental concentrations of AMPA on the larval development of a widespread amphibian species, the spined toad Bufo spinosus. We performed a factorial experiment to study the effect of concentration and the timing of exposure (during embryonic development, larval development or both) to AMPA on the morphology, rate of development and survival of tadpoles. AMPA and timing of exposure interactively affected tadpole size (individuals exposed to AMPA after hatching were transitorily smaller, while individuals exposed to AMPA before hatching were longer), but not duration of development. Most of these effects were linked to exposure during embryonic development. Such effects in individuals exposed during embryonic development solely were long-lasting and persisted until the latest larval stages. Finally, we found that exposure to AMPA after hatching (during the larval stage) increased mortality. Exposure to low environmental concentrations of AMPA could have long-lasting consequences on fitness and population persistence. These findings are especially important to take into account at a time when multiple threats can interact to affect wildlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Cheron
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, CEBC-CNRS UMR 7372, 79360, Villiers en Bois, France
| | - François Brischoux
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, CEBC-CNRS UMR 7372, 79360, Villiers en Bois, France.
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21
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Nechalioti PM, Karampatzakis T, Mesnage R, Antoniou MN, Ibragim M, Tsatsakis A, Docea AO, Nepka C, Kouretas D. Evaluation of perinatal exposure of glyphosate and its mixture with 2,4-D and dicamba οn liver redox status in Wistar rats. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 228:115906. [PMID: 37062480 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Wide-scale emergence of glyphosate-resistant weeds has led to an increase in the simultaneous application of herbicide mixtures exacerbated by the introduction of crops tolerant to glyphosate plus dicamba or glyphosate plus 2,4-D. This raises serious concerns regarding the environmental and health risks resulting from increased exposure to a mixture of herbicide active ingredients. We evaluated hepatotoxic effects following perinatal exposure to glyphosate alone or in combination with 2,4-D and dicamba from gestational day-6 until adulthood in Wistar rats. Animals were administered with glyphosate at the European Union (EU) acceptable daily intake (ADI; 0.5 mg/kg bw/day) and no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL; 50 mg/kg bw/day). A mixture of glyphosate with 2,4-D (0.3 mg/kg bw/day) and dicamba (0.02 mg/kg bw/day) with each at their EU ADI was evaluated. Redox status was determined by measuring levels of reduced glutathione, decomposition rate of Η2Ο2, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, total antioxidant capacity, thiobarbituric reactive substances, and protein carbonyls. Gene expression analysis of Nr1d1, Nr1d2, Clec2g, Ier3, and Gadd45g associated with oxidative damage to DNA, was also performed. Analysis of liver samples showed that exposure to the mixture of the three herbicides induced a marked increase in the concentration of glutathione and malondialdehyde indicative of a disturbance in redox balance. Nevertheless, the effect of increased lipid peroxidation was not discernible following a 3-month recuperation period where animals were withdrawn from pesticide exposure post-weaning. Interestingly, toxic effects caused by prenatal exposure to the glyphosate NOAEL were present after the same 3-month recovery period. No statistically significant changes in the expression of genes linked with genotoxicity were observed. Our findings reinforce the importance of assessing the combined effects of chemical pollutants at doses that are asserted by regulatory agencies to be safe individually.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paraskevi-Maria Nechalioti
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, Mezourlo, 41500, Larissa, Greece
| | - Thomas Karampatzakis
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, Mezourlo, 41500, Larissa, Greece
| | - Robin Mesnage
- King's College London, Gene Expression and Therapy Group, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Michael N Antoniou
- King's College London, Gene Expression and Therapy Group, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Mariam Ibragim
- King's College London, Gene Expression and Therapy Group, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Department of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Anca Oana Docea
- Department of Toxicology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349, Craiova, Romania
| | - Charitini Nepka
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Larissa, 41110, Larissa, Greece
| | - Demetrios Kouretas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, Mezourlo, 41500, Larissa, Greece.
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Lima-Faria JMD, Silva VCD, Chen LC, Martinez DST, Sabóia-Morais SMTD. Co-exposure of iron oxide nanoparticles with glyphosate herbicides in Poecilia reticulata: Fish liver damages is reversible during iron accumulation and elimination period. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 328:138590. [PMID: 37028726 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) are advanced materials for water remediation technologies. It is therefore relevant to evaluate the cellular and tissue behavior of fishes in response to IONPs and their associations with agrochemicals such as glyphosate (GLY) and glyphosate-based herbicides (GBHs). Iron accumulation, tissue integrity and lipid distribution in the hepatocytes of Poecilia reticulata (guppy) were investigated in a control group and in groups exposed to soluble iron ions, namely IFe (0.3 mgFe/L), IONPs (0.3 mgFe/L), and IONPs, associated with GLY (0.65 mg/L), GBHs 0.65 mgGLY/L (IONPs + GBH1), and 1.30 mgGLY/L (IONPs + GBH2), for 7, 14, and 21 days, followed by an equal period of postexposure in clean reconstituted water. The results showed that the accumulation of iron was greater in the subjects in the IONP treatment group when compared to that in the Ife group. In addition, the subjects in the mixtures with GBHs had a greater accumulation of iron than those in the IONP + GLY treatment group. Tissue integrity assessments demonstrated an intense accumulation of lipids, formation of necrotic zones and leukocyte infiltrates in all the treated groups, with a greater quantity of lipids in the animals treated with IONP + GLY and IFe. During postexposure, the results indicated an elimination of iron in all treated groups, reaching the same level as the control group, throughout the 21 days postexposure. Thus, the damage caused to animal livers by IONP mixtures is reversible, providing promising results for the development of safe environmental remediation practices using nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Marcos de Lima-Faria
- Laboratory of Cellular Behavior, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.
| | - Victória Costa da Silva
- Laboratory of Cellular Behavior, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Lee Chen Chen
- Radiobiology of Microorganisms and Mutagenesis Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Diego Stéfani Teodoro Martinez
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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23
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Fuselier SG, Ireland D, Fu N, Rabeler C, Collins EMS. Comparative toxicity assessment of glyphosate and two commercial formulations in the planarian Dugesia japonica. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2023; 5:1200881. [PMID: 37435546 PMCID: PMC10332155 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2023.1200881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Glyphosate is a widely used, non-selective herbicide. Glyphosate and glyphosate-based herbicides (GBHs) are considered safe for non-target organisms and environmentally benign at currently allowed environmental exposure levels. However, their increased use in recent years has triggered questions about possible adverse outcomes due to low dose chronic exposure in animals and humans. While the toxicity of GBHs has primarily been attributed to glyphosate, other largely unstudied components of GBHs may be inherently toxic or could act synergistically with glyphosate. Thus, comparative studies of glyphosate and GBHs are needed to parse out their respective toxicity. Methods: We performed such a comparative screen using pure glyphosate and two popular GBHs at the same glyphosate acid equivalent concentrations in the freshwater planarian Dugesia japonica. This planarian has been shown to be a useful model for both ecotoxicology and neurotoxicity/developmental neurotoxicity studies. Effects on morphology and various behavioral readouts were obtained using an automated screening platform, with assessments on day 7 and day 12 of exposure. Adult and regenerating planarians were screened to allow for detection of developmentally selective effects. Results: Both GBHs were more toxic than pure glyphosate. While pure glyphosate induced lethality at 1 mM and no other effects, both GBHs induced lethality at 316 μM and sublethal behavioral effects starting at 31.6 μM in adult planarians. These data suggest that glyphosate alone is not responsible for the observed toxicity of the GBHs. Because these two GBHs also include other active ingredients, namely diquat dibromide and pelargonic acid, respectively, we tested whether these compounds were responsible for the observed effects. Screening of the equivalent concentrations of pure diquat dibromide and pure pelargonic acid revealed that the toxicity of either GBH could not be explained by the active ingredients alone. Discussion: Because all compounds induced toxicity at concentrations above allowed exposure levels, our data indicates that glyphosate/GBH exposure is not an ecotoxicological concern for D. japonica planarians. Developmentally selective effects were not observed for all compounds. Together, these data demonstrate the usefulness of high throughput screening in D. japonica planarians for assessing various types of toxicity, especially for comparative studies of several chemicals across different developmental stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Grace Fuselier
- Department of Biology, Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, PA, United States
| | - Danielle Ireland
- Department of Biology, Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, PA, United States
| | - Nicholas Fu
- Department of Biology, Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, PA, United States
| | - Christina Rabeler
- Department of Biology, Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, PA, United States
| | - Eva-Maria S. Collins
- Department of Biology, Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, PA, United States
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, PA, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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24
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Pires NL, de Araújo EP, Oliveira-Filho EC, Caldas ED. An ultrasensitive LC-MS/MS method for the determination of glyphosate, AMPA and glufosinate in water - analysis of surface and groundwater from a hydrographic basin in the Midwestern region of Brazil. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 875:162499. [PMID: 36871736 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The intensive use of glyphosate around the world in the last few decades demands constant monitoring of this compound and its metabolite in aquatic compartments. This work aimed to develop a sensitive method for the analysis of glyphosate, AMPA and glufosinate in water by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The method involves analyte concentration by lyophilization (20×) and direct injection on the LC-MS/MS, and was satisfactorily validated at a LOQ of 0.0025 μg L-1. A total of 142 samples of surface and groundwater collected during the 2021/2022 dry and rainy seasons in the Rio Preto Hydrographic Basin were analyzed. All the 52 groundwater samples were positive for glyphosate (up to 1.5868 μg L-1, dry season) and AMPA (up to 0.2751 μg L-1, dry season). A total of 27 of the 90 surface water samples were positive for glyphosate (up to 0.0236 μg L-1), and 31 samples for AMPA (up to 0.0086 μg L-1), of which over 70 % collected during the dry season. Glufosinate was detected in only five samples, four in groundwater (up to 0.0256 μg L-1). The levels found in the samples are much lower than the maximum levels established by the Brazilian legislation for glyphosate and/or AMPA and lower than the most critical toxicological endpoints for aquatic organisms. However, constant monitoring is necessary, demanding sensitive methods to allow the detection of the very low levels of these pesticides in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayara Luiz Pires
- Federal Institute of Goiás, Formosa, GO, Brazil; University of Brasília, Faculty of Health Sciences, Laboratory of Toxicology, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | - Esmeralda Pereira de Araújo
- University of Brasília, Faculty of Health Sciences, Laboratory of Toxicology, Brasilia, DF, Brazil; Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Embrapa Cerrados, Planaltina, DF, Brazil
| | | | - Eloisa Dutra Caldas
- University of Brasília, Faculty of Health Sciences, Laboratory of Toxicology, Brasilia, DF, Brazil.
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25
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Mikó Z, Hettyey A. Toxicity of POEA-containing glyphosate-based herbicides to amphibians is mainly due to the surfactant, not to the active ingredient. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023; 32:150-159. [PMID: 36680666 PMCID: PMC10008773 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-023-02626-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Current international legislation regarding agrochemicals requires thorough toxicological testing mainly of the active ingredients. In a 96-h acute toxicity test we exposed Rana dalmatina and Bufo bufo tadpoles to either one of three concentrations of glyphosate, three concentrations of the surfactant (POEA), three concentrations of the two components together, or to non-contaminated water (control), and subsequently assessed mortality and body mass. To investigate whether simultaneous exposure to another stress factor influences effects of the contaminants, we performed tests both in the presence or absence of predator chemical cues. We found that the surfactant had significant harmful effects on tadpoles; survival was lowered by the highest concentration of the surfactant in case of R. dalmatina, while in B. bufo tadpoles it reduced survival already at medium concentrations. Body mass was significantly influenced by medium and high surfactant concentrations in both species. The presence of glyphosate did not have a significant effect by itself, but it slightly increased mortality in tadpoles exposed to medium concentrations of the surfactant in both species. The presence of chemical cues did not have an effect on the examined variables. Our study confirms that the toxicity of glyphosate-based herbicides is mainly due to the examined surfactant. Nonetheless, we found that glyphosate can enhance the harmful effect of the surfactant. These results stress that during the authorization process of new pesticide formulations, not only the active ingredients would need to be examined but the excipients should also be taken into account in an obligatory and systematic manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsanett Mikó
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Herman Ottó út 15, Budapest, 1022, Hungary.
| | - Attila Hettyey
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Herman Ottó út 15, Budapest, 1022, Hungary
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26
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Lacroix R, Kurrasch DM. Glyphosate Toxicity: In Vivo, In Vitro, and Epidemiological Evidence. Toxicol Sci 2023; 192:kfad018. [PMID: 36857578 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfad018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Glyphosate is the most applied agricultural chemical worldwide and has become nearly ubiquitous throughout the environment. Glyphosate is an effective herbicide because it disrupts the shikimate pathway, which is responsible for the synthesis of essential amino acids in plants and microorganisms. Given that there is no known target for glyphosate in higher animals, its toxicity to humans and other animals is heavily debated, especially after the 2015 IARC ruling that glyphosate is carcinogenic. Today, a growing body of literature shows in vitro, in vivo, and epidemiological evidence for the toxicity of glyphosate across animal species. With the application of glyphosate increasing globally, it is important to discuss these reports to enable a broader conversation on glyphosate toxicity and its impact on human and environmental health. Here, we summarize the recent glyphosate literature and discuss its implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Lacroix
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute (ACHRI), Calgary, AB, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Deborah M Kurrasch
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute (ACHRI), Calgary, AB, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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27
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Glyphosate-based herbicide (GBH) causes damage in embryo-larval stages of zebrafish (Danio rerio). Neurotoxicol Teratol 2023; 95:107147. [PMID: 36493994 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2022.107147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Glyphosate-Based Herbicides (GBH) show risks to the environment and also to aquatic organisms, such as fish. The present work aimed to evaluate the effects of GBH and Pure Glyphosate (PG) exposure on Danio rerio embryos at drinking water concentrations. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to 250, 500, and 1000 μg L-1 of Roundup Original DI® and pure glyphosate for 96 h. Glyphosate concentration in water, parameters physicochemical water, survival, hatching rate, heart rate, malformations, behavior, and biomarkers were evaluated. We verified that at 6 h post-fertilization (hpf), animals exposed to GBH 500 showed decreased survival as compared to the control. The hatching rate increased in all groups exposed to GBH at 48 hpf as compared to the control group. The embryos exposed did not present changes in the spontaneous movement and touch response. Exposed groups to GBH demonstrated a higher number of malformations in fish embryos as compared to the control. Most malformations were: pericardial edema, yolk sac edema, body malformations, and curvature of the spine. In heart rate, bradycardia occurred in groups exposed, as predicted due to cardiac abnormalities. As biochemical endpoints, we observed a decrease in Glutathione S-transferase (GBH 250, GBH 500 and PG 250) and Acetylcholinesterase (GBH 250 and PG 250) activity. No differences were found between the groups in the concentration of protein, Total Antioxidant Capacity Against Peroxyl Radicals, Lipid peroxidation, Reactive Oxygen Species, Non-protein thiols, and Catalase. In conclusion, the damage in all evaluated stages of development was aggravated by survival and malformations. Therefore, the large-scale use of GBHs, coupled with the permissiveness of its presence could be the cause damage to the aquatic environment affecting the embryonic development of non-target organisms.
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Yan B, Han J, Sun Y, Lei L, Yuan J, Qiao Z, Men J, Wang X, Guo Y, Wang Q, Zhou B. Probiotics ameliorate growth retardation of glyphosate by regulating intestinal microbiota and metabolites in crucian carp (Carassius auratus). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 851:158260. [PMID: 36030870 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate (GLY) contamination widely occurred in aquatic environments including aquaculture systems and raised hazard to aquatic organisms such as fish. Probiotics have been reported to alleviate contaminants-induced toxicity. However, whether probiotics could reduce the health risk of GLY to fish remain unknown. Here we investigated the impacts of GLY on crucian carp (Carassius auratus) by focusing on the protective roles of two commonly used aquaculture probiotics, Bacillus coagulans (BC) and Clostridium butyricum (CB). Exposure to GLY significantly caused growth retardation and reduced visceral fat and intestinal lipase activity in crucian carp. 16S rRNA sequencing indicated that dysbiosis of Bacteroidetes at phylum level and Flavobacterium at genus level might be primarily responsible for GLY-induced negative growth performance. High throughput targeted quantification for metabolites revealed that GLY changed intestinal metabolites profiles, especially the reduced bile acids and short-chain fatty acids. However, the addition of BC or CB effectively attenuated the adverse effects above by remodeling the gut microbiota composition and improving microbial metabolism. The present study provides novel evidence for ameliorating the harmful effects of GLY on fish species by adding probiotics, which highlights the potential application of probiotics in reducing the health risks of GLY in aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academic of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China; Xianning Engineering Research Center for Healthy Environment, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, PR China.
| | - Jian Han
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academic of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, PR China.
| | - Yumiao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academic of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China.
| | - Lei Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academic of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China.
| | - Jing Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academic of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, PR China.
| | - Zhixian Qiao
- The Analysis and Testing Center of Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, PR China.
| | - Jun Men
- The Analysis and Testing Center of Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, PR China.
| | - Xin Wang
- The Analysis and Testing Center of Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, PR China.
| | - Yongyong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academic of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, PR China.
| | - Qidong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academic of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, PR China.
| | - Bingsheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academic of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, PR China.
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Pesticides and Their Impairing Effects on Epithelial Barrier Integrity, Dysbiosis, Disruption of the AhR Signaling Pathway and Development of Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012402. [PMID: 36293259 PMCID: PMC9604036 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The environmental and occupational risk we confront from agricultural chemicals increases as their presence in natural habitats rises to hazardous levels, building a major part of the exposome. This is of particular concern in low- and middle-income countries, such as Brazil, known as a leading producer of agricultural commodities and consumer of pesticides. As long as public policies continue to encourage the indiscriminate use of pesticides and governments continue to support this strategy instead of endorsing sustainable agricultural alternatives, the environmental burden that damages epithelial barriers will continue to grow. Chronic exposure to environmental contaminants in early life can affect crucial barrier tissue, such as skin epithelium, airways, and intestine, causing increased permeability, leaking, dysbiosis, and inflammation, with serious implications for metabolism and homeostasis. This vicious cycle of exposure to environmental factors and the consequent damage to the epithelial barrier has been associated with an increase in immune-mediated chronic inflammatory diseases. Understanding how the harmful effects of pesticides on the epithelial barrier impact cellular interactions mediated by endogenous sensors that coordinate a successful immune system represents a crucial challenge. In line with the epithelial barrier hypothesis, this narrative review reports the available evidence on the effects of pesticides on epithelial barrier integrity, dysbiosis, AhR signaling, and the consequent development of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases.
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Ames J, Miragem AA, Cordeiro MF, Cerezer FO, Loro VL. Effects of glyphosate on zebrafish: a systematic review and meta-analysis. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 31:1189-1204. [PMID: 36065034 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-022-02581-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate herbicide is widely used in worldwide crop production. Consequently, its active ingredient, surfactants, and adjuvants commonly reach the aquatic ecosystem, thereby harming the biota. An investigation into how this herbicide affects aquatic species is important, especially in fish, as they have the ability to absorb and concentrate toxins. We aimed to evaluate the effects of glyphosate on the embryonic, larval and adult stages of zebrafish (Danio rerio), an appreciable organismal model. In this sense, we performed a meta-analysis using published articles from online databases (PubMed and ScienceDirect), which covered studies published until 2022. From a massive compilation of studies evaluating the effects of active substance glyphosate and Glyphosate-Based Herbicides (GBH) on zebrafish, we selected 36 studies used in downstream analyses. Overall, we report that glyphosate affects developmental stages and demonstrates toxicity and damage in zebrafish. We observed that embryos exposed to glyphosate exhibit increased mortality. There was also an increase in the number of morphological abnormalities related to yolk sac oedema, pericardial oedema, spinal curvature and body malformations, and a decrease in body size was observed. Furthermore, there was a decrease in the number of beats. The biochemical results demonstrated an increase in reactive oxygen species and antioxidant capacity against peroxyl radicals in the gills. The literature shows that glyphosate decreased the distance covered and the mean speed of the animals and increased the number of rotations. We concluded that glyphosate causes damage in the embryonic, larval and adult stages of this species. These results are valid for zebrafish and can be applied to other freshwater fish species. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaíne Ames
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
- Laboratório de Análises Biológicas, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Farroupilha, Santa Rosa, RS, 98787-740, Brazil
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Aquática, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Antônio Azambuja Miragem
- Laboratório de Análises Biológicas, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Farroupilha, Santa Rosa, RS, 98787-740, Brazil
| | - Marcos Freitas Cordeiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências e Saúde, Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina, Joaçaba, SC, Brazil
| | - Felipe Osmari Cerezer
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Animal, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Vania Lucia Loro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Análises Biológicas, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Farroupilha, Santa Rosa, RS, 98787-740, Brazil.
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Martins LKL, Lima-Faria JMD, Guimarães LN, Silva VCD, Moreira PC, Sabóia-Morais SMTD. Co-exposure of iron oxide nanoparticles and glyphosate-based herbicide promote liver toxicity in guppy (Poecilia reticulata): A histochemical and ultrastructural approach. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2022; 37:2244-2258. [PMID: 35661388 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Citrate functionalized iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) are employed for various purposes-including environmental remediation but the interaction of IONPs with aquatic contaminants is poorly understood. Among those, glyphosate-based herbicides are toxic and affect target organs such as the liver. Evaluations of livers of female Poecilia reticulata by exposures to IONPs at a concentration of 0.3 mg/L were performed with association to: (1) 0.65 mg of glyphosate per litter and (2) 1.3 mg of glyphosate per litter of Roundup Original, and (3) glyphosate P.A at 0.65 mg/L. These associations were carried out progressively, after 7, 14, and 21 days. We detected circulatory disturbances, inflammatory responses, activation of the immune system, regressive changes, and progressive responses with changes in the connective tissue and decreased glycogen reserve from days 14 to 21. Ultrastructural changes in the Disse space and microvilli of hepatocytes indicated decreased contact surface area. In general, the damage was time and concentration dependent, increasing from 7 to 14 days and tending to stabilize from 14 to 21 days. Therefore, herbicide-associated IONPs functioned as xenobiotics inducing intense cellular detoxification processes and activation of hepatic immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Paulo Cesar Moreira
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Simone Maria Teixeira de Sabóia-Morais
- Laboratory of Cellular Behavior, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
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Ivantsova E, Wengrovitz AS, Souders CL, Martyniuk CJ. Developmental and behavioral toxicity assessment of glyphosate and its main metabolite aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) in zebrafish embryos/larvae. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 93:103873. [PMID: 35504511 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2022.103873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The relative toxicity of glyphosate (GLY) and its metabolite aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) to zebrafish were compared. Embryos/larvae were exposed to one dose of either GLY (0.1, 1, or 10 μM), AMPA (0.1, 1, or 10 μM), or a 1 μM mixture for 7-days post-fertilization. Survival, success of hatch, and deformity frequency were not different from controls. Neither chemical induced reactive oxygen species in larval fish. GLY increased superoxide dismutase 2 mRNA in larvae while AMPA increased catalase and superoxide dismutase 1 in a concentration-specific manner. GLY increased cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 isoform 1 and citrate synthase mRNA in larvae while AMPA decreased cytochrome c oxidase I and increased 3-hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase transcripts. Hyperactivity was noted in fish treated with GLY, but not AMPA nor the mixture. Anxiety-like behaviors were absent with exposure to GLY or AMPA. GLY and AMPA may exert different effects at the molecular and behavioral level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Ivantsova
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida Genetics Institute, Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Sciences Neuroscience, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Andrew S Wengrovitz
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida Genetics Institute, Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Sciences Neuroscience, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Christopher L Souders
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida Genetics Institute, Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Sciences Neuroscience, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Christopher J Martyniuk
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida Genetics Institute, Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Sciences Neuroscience, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
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Costa G, Fernandes A, Santos T, Brito L, Rodrigues L, Valadares M, Felzenszwalb I, Ferraz E, Morais Leme D, Oliveira G. In vitro and in vivo cytotoxicity assessment of glyphosate and imazethapyr-based herbicides and their association. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2022; 85:481-493. [PMID: 35189772 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2022.2036281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Resistance to glyphosate herbicide has initiated usage of combined application of herbicides as a weed control measure. Imazethapyr-based herbicides associated with glyphosate herbicide seem to be an alternative to suppress weed resistance. The aim of this study was to examine the adverse effects of Glyphosate Atanor 48® (ATN) and Imazethapyr Plus Nortox® (IMZT) formulations in both single forms and mixtures using HepG2 cells and zebrafish early-life stages models. Data demonstrated cytotoxicity due to exposure to ATN, IMZT for both models, as follows: (1) ATN (0.5 mg/L), IMZT (5 mg/L), and M3 (0.05 mg/L ATN + 5 mg/L IMZT) increased cytotoxicity by disturbing the mitochondrial activity of HepG2 cells 24 hr after exposure; (2) ATN and IMZT (5 mg/L), and M3 (0.05 mg/L ATN + 5 mg/L IMZT) also decreased the integrity of the membrane of HepG2 cells after 24 hr incubation; (3) only ATN and IMZT (5 mg/L) in their single forms diminished the mitochondrial potential of zebrafish; (4) ATN (single form) at 0.5 mg/L induced apoptosis in zebrafish larvae. In conclusion, these herbicides in their single forms appeared to produce greater cytotoxicity to HepG2 cells and zebrafish compared to the herbicide mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gessyca Costa
- Environmental Toxicology Research Laboratory (EnvTox), Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Andréia Fernandes
- Department of Biophysics and Biometry, Institute of Biology Roberto Alcantara Gomes, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thaís Santos
- Laboratory of Teaching and Research in Toxicology in Vitro (ToxIn), Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Lara Brito
- Environmental Toxicology Research Laboratory (EnvTox), Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, Brazil
- Laboratory of Teaching and Research in Toxicology in Vitro (ToxIn), Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Laís Rodrigues
- Environmental Toxicology Research Laboratory (EnvTox), Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Marize Valadares
- Laboratory of Teaching and Research in Toxicology in Vitro (ToxIn), Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Israel Felzenszwalb
- Department of Biophysics and Biometry, Institute of Biology Roberto Alcantara Gomes, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Elisa Ferraz
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Administration, Pharmacy College, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, Brazil
- Institute of Chemistry, National Institute for Alternative Technologies of Detection, Toxicological Evaluation and Removal of Micropollutants and Radioactives (INCT-DATREM), UNESP, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Daniela Morais Leme
- Institute of Chemistry, National Institute for Alternative Technologies of Detection, Toxicological Evaluation and Removal of Micropollutants and Radioactives (INCT-DATREM), UNESP, Araraquara, Brazil
- Departament of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Gisele Oliveira
- Environmental Toxicology Research Laboratory (EnvTox), Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, Brazil
- Institute of Chemistry, National Institute for Alternative Technologies of Detection, Toxicological Evaluation and Removal of Micropollutants and Radioactives (INCT-DATREM), UNESP, Araraquara, Brazil
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Tresnakova N, Kubec J, Stara A, Zuskova E, Faggio C, Kouba A, Velisek J. Chronic Toxicity of Primary Metabolites of Chloroacetamide and Glyphosate to Early Life Stages of Marbled Crayfish Procambarus virginalis. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11060927. [PMID: 35741448 PMCID: PMC9219952 DOI: 10.3390/biology11060927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Degradation products of herbicides, alone and in combination, may affect non-target aquatic organisms via leaching or runoff from the soil. The effects of 50-day exposure of primary metabolites of chloroacetamide herbicide, acetochlor ESA (AE; 4 µg/L), and glyphosate, aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA; 4 µg/L), and their combination (AMPA + AE; 4 + 4 µg/L) on mortality, growth, oxidative stress, antioxidant response, behaviour, and gill histology of early life stages of marbled crayfish (Procambarus virginalis) were investigated. While no treatment effects were observed on cumulative mortality or early ontogeny, growth was significantly lower in all exposed groups compared with the control group. Significant superoxide dismutase activity was observed in exposure groups, and significantly higher glutathione S-transferase activity only in the AMPA + AE group. The gill epithelium in AMPA + AE-exposed crayfish showed swelling as well as numerous unidentified fragments in interlamellar space. Velocity and distance moved in crayfish exposed to metabolites did not differ from controls, but increased activity was observed in the AMPA and AE groups. The study reveals the potential risks of glyphosate and acetochlor herbicide usage through their primary metabolites in the early life stages of marbled crayfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikola Tresnakova
- South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25 Vodnany, Czech Republic; (N.T.); (J.K.); (A.S.); (E.Z.); (A.K.); (J.V.)
| | - Jan Kubec
- South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25 Vodnany, Czech Republic; (N.T.); (J.K.); (A.S.); (E.Z.); (A.K.); (J.V.)
| | - Alzbeta Stara
- South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25 Vodnany, Czech Republic; (N.T.); (J.K.); (A.S.); (E.Z.); (A.K.); (J.V.)
| | - Eliska Zuskova
- South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25 Vodnany, Czech Republic; (N.T.); (J.K.); (A.S.); (E.Z.); (A.K.); (J.V.)
| | - Caterina Faggio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-348-404-2634
| | - Antonin Kouba
- South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25 Vodnany, Czech Republic; (N.T.); (J.K.); (A.S.); (E.Z.); (A.K.); (J.V.)
| | - Josef Velisek
- South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25 Vodnany, Czech Republic; (N.T.); (J.K.); (A.S.); (E.Z.); (A.K.); (J.V.)
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35
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Overview of Environmental and Health Effects Related to Glyphosate Usage. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14116868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Since the introduction of glyphosate (N-(phosphomethyl) glycine) in 1974, it has been the most used nonselective and broad-spectrum herbicide around the world. The widespread use of glyphosate and glyphosate-based herbicides is due to their low-cost efficiency in killing weeds, their rapid absorption by plants, and the general mistaken perception of their low toxicity to the environment and living organisms. As a consequence of the intensive use and accumulation of glyphosate and its derivatives on environmental sources, major concerns about the harmful side effects of glyphosate and its metabolites on human, plant, and animal health, and for water and soil quality, are emerging. Glyphosate can reach water bodies by soil leaching, runoff, and sometimes by the direct application of some approved formulations. Moreover, glyphosate can reach nontarget plants by different mechanisms, such as spray application, release through the tissue of treated plants, and dead tissue from weeds. As a consequence of this nontarget exposure, glyphosate residues are being detected in the food chains of diverse products, such as bread, cereal products, wheat, vegetable oil, fruit juice, beer, wine, honey, eggs, and others. The World Health Organization reclassified glyphosate as probably carcinogenic to humans in 2015 by the IARC. Thus, many review articles concerning different glyphosate-related aspects have been published recently. The risks, disagreements, and concerns regarding glyphosate usage have led to a general controversy about whether glyphosate should be banned, restricted, or promoted. Thus, this review article makes an overview of the basis for scientists, regulatory agencies, and the public in general, with consideration to the facts on and recommendations for the future of glyphosate usage.
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Liu Z, Shangguan Y, Zhu P, Sultan Y, Feng Y, Li X, Ma J. Developmental toxicity of glyphosate on embryo-larval zebrafish (Danio rerio). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 236:113493. [PMID: 35398647 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate (GLY) induces developmental toxicity in fish, but research on the toxicity mechanism is limited. In this study, zebrafish embryos were exposed for 120 hpf to 0.7, 7, and 35 mg L-1 GLY. The results show that GLY treatment induced developmental toxicity in the fish, including premature hatching, reduced heartbeats, pericardial and yolk sac oedema, swim bladder deficiency, and shortened body length, which was possibly due to a significantly decreased triiodothyronine (T3)/thyroxine (T4) ratio and the abnormal expression patterns of hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) (crh, tshβ, tr α, tr β, and t tr ) and growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor (GH/IGF) axis-related genes (gh, ghrα, ghrβ, igf1, igf1rα, and igf1rβ) in larvae exposed to GLY. In addition, GLY exposure altered the levels of SOD and CAT, increased ROS, promoted malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and significantly altered the levels of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress signalling pathway factors (perk, eif2α, gadd34, atf4, ire1α, xbp1, atf6, hspa5, and chop), suggesting that GLY treatment induced oxidative injury and ER stress in the larvae. Further research showed that treatment with a higher concentration of GLY upregulated the levels of iNOS, IL-1β, and TNF-α while inhibiting the expression of IL-10 and TGF-β, suggesting that GLY causes an inflammatory reaction in the larvae. In addition, we also found that apoptosis was induced in the larvae, which was determined by acridine orange staining and abnormal expression of p53, caspase-3, -8, and -9. Taken together, our results demonstrate that GLY exposure altered the T3/T4 ratio, disturbed the expression patterns of HPT and GH/IGF axis-related genes, and induced oxidative and ER stress, inflammatory reactions, and apoptosis in the zebrafish larvae. This investigation contributes to improved understanding of the developmental toxicity mechanism of GLY in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Liu
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Aquatic Toxicology and Health Protection, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Yingying Shangguan
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Aquatic Toxicology and Health Protection, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Penglin Zhu
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Aquatic Toxicology and Health Protection, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Yousef Sultan
- Department of Food Toxicology and Contaminants, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Yiyi Feng
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Aquatic Toxicology and Health Protection, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Aquatic Toxicology and Health Protection, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Junguo Ma
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Aquatic Toxicology and Health Protection, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China.
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A Mixture of Endocrine Disruptors and the Pesticide Roundup ® Induce Oxidative Stress in Rabbit Liver When Administered under the Long-Term Low-Dose Regimen: Reinforcing the Notion of Real-Life Risk Simulation. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10040190. [PMID: 35448451 PMCID: PMC9029199 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10040190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Humans are exposed to xenobiotic mixtures daily through the long-term, low-dose regimen. Investigations designed to simulate this exposure profile approach the real-life risk simulation (RLRS) idea of modern toxicology. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of 12-month exposure of New Zealand rabbits to a xenobiotic mixture comprising seven endocrine disruptors (EDs), which are chemical substances raising great concerns for human health, as well as the herbicide glyphosate, and its commercial formulation Roundup®, on blood and tissues redox status. It is reported herein that at the systemic level, the administration of the EDs mixture induced perturbations of blood redox homeostasis at 3 months, whereas at 6 and 12 months, it activated redox adaptations. Contrariwise, exposure to glyphosate and Roundup®, individually, caused mainly disturbances of blood redox equilibrium. At the tissue level, particularly in the liver, the administration of both the EDs mixture and Roundup® induced oxidative stress, whereas glyphosate did not affect it. The RLRS notion appears to be confirmed through these findings. Indeed, the administration of the EDs mixture and Roundup®, under the long-term, low-dose regimen, elicited detrimental effects on the redox status of the liver, a crucial tissue with a valuable biological role in the detoxification of organisms from xenobiotics.
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38
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Kafula YA, Philippe C, Pinceel T, Munishi LK, Moyo F, Vanschoenwinkel B, Brendonck L, Thoré ESJ. Pesticide sensitivity of Nothobranchius neumanni, a temporary pond predator with a non-generic life-history. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 291:132823. [PMID: 34767842 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides are crucial to improve agricultural productivity, but often adversely affect surrounding aquatic systems and their fauna. To determine the environmental risk of pesticides, routine ecotoxicological tests are performed on several organisms, including standard fish models. However, these typically do not include fish species from variable habitats and with non-generic life-histories. In particular, inhabitants from temporary ponds such as annual killifish are conventionally understood to be resilient to natural stressors which could translate to higher pesticide resistance or, alternatively, trade-off with their resistance to pesticides and render them more sensitive than classic fish models. Using standard exposure tests, we assessed short-term toxicity effects of two commonly used pesticides, Roundup and cypermethrin, on the annual killifish Nothobranchius neumanni, and compared its sensitivity with that of classic fish models. For Roundup, we found a 72 h-LC50 of 1.79 ± 0.11 mg/L, which is lower than the values reported for zebrafish, medaka, fathead minnow and rainbow trout, suggesting that N. neumanni is more sensitive to the compound. The opposite was true for cypermethrin, with a 72 h-LC50 of 0.27 ± 0.03 mg/L. However, these LC50-values do not deviate strongly from those reported for other fish species, supporting earlier findings in the congeneric N. furzeri that the sensitivity of annual killifish to pollutants is similar to that of classic fish models despite their assumed robustness to environmental stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuph A Kafula
- Department of Aquatic Sciences, College of Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries, Mwalimu Julius K. Nyerere University of Agriculture and Technology, P. O Box 976, Musoma, Tanzania; Department of Sustainable Agriculture, Biodiversity and Ecosystem Management, School of Life Sciences and Bio-Engineering, Nelson Mandela - African Institution of Science and Technology, P. O Box 447, Arusha, Tanzania; Laboratory of Animal Ecology, Global Change and Sustainable Development, KU Leuven, Ch. Deberiotstraat 32, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Charlotte Philippe
- Laboratory of Animal Ecology, Global Change and Sustainable Development, KU Leuven, Ch. Deberiotstraat 32, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tom Pinceel
- Laboratory of Animal Ecology, Global Change and Sustainable Development, KU Leuven, Ch. Deberiotstraat 32, 3000, Leuven, Belgium; Centre for Environmental Management, University of the Free State, P. O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
| | - Linus K Munishi
- Department of Sustainable Agriculture, Biodiversity and Ecosystem Management, School of Life Sciences and Bio-Engineering, Nelson Mandela - African Institution of Science and Technology, P. O Box 447, Arusha, Tanzania
| | - Francis Moyo
- Department of Sustainable Agriculture, Biodiversity and Ecosystem Management, School of Life Sciences and Bio-Engineering, Nelson Mandela - African Institution of Science and Technology, P. O Box 447, Arusha, Tanzania
| | - Bram Vanschoenwinkel
- Community Ecology Laboratory, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium; Centre for Environmental Management, University of the Free State, P. O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
| | - Luc Brendonck
- Laboratory of Animal Ecology, Global Change and Sustainable Development, KU Leuven, Ch. Deberiotstraat 32, 3000, Leuven, Belgium; Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences, And Management, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
| | - Eli S J Thoré
- Laboratory of Animal Ecology, Global Change and Sustainable Development, KU Leuven, Ch. Deberiotstraat 32, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
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Martins-Gomes C, Silva TL, Andreani T, Silva AM. Glyphosate vs. Glyphosate-Based Herbicides Exposure: A Review on Their Toxicity. J Xenobiot 2022; 12:21-40. [PMID: 35076536 PMCID: PMC8788447 DOI: 10.3390/jox12010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Glyphosate-based herbicide has been the first choice for weed management worldwide since the 1970s, mainly due to its efficacy and reported low toxicity, which contributed to its high acceptance. Many of the recent studies focus solely on the persistence of pesticides in soils, air, water or food products, or even on the degree of exposure of animals, since their potential hazards to human health have raised concerns. Given the unaware exposure of the general population to pesticides, and the absence of a significant number of studies on occupational hazards, new glyphosate-induced toxicity data obtained for both residual and acute doses should be analyzed and systematized. Additionally, recent studies also highlight the persistence and toxicity of both glyphosate metabolites and surfactants present in herbicide formulations. To renew or ban the use of glyphosate, recently published studies must be taken into account, aiming to define new levels of safety for exposure to herbicide, its metabolites, and the toxic excipients of its formulations. This review aims to provide an overview of recent publications (2010–present) on in vitro and in vivo studies aimed at verifying the animal toxicity induced by glyphosate, its metabolite aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) and glyphosate-based formulations, evaluated in various experimental models. Apart from glyphosate-induced toxicity, recent data concerning the role of surfactants in the toxicity of glyphosate-based formulations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Martins-Gomes
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (T.L.S.); (T.A.)
- Department of Biology and Environment, School of Life Sciences and Environment, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Correspondence: (C.M.-G.); (A.M.S.); Tel.: +351-259-350-921(A.M.S.)
| | - Tânia L. Silva
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (T.L.S.); (T.A.)
- Department of Biology and Environment, School of Life Sciences and Environment, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Tatiana Andreani
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (T.L.S.); (T.A.)
| | - Amélia M. Silva
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (T.L.S.); (T.A.)
- Department of Biology and Environment, School of Life Sciences and Environment, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Correspondence: (C.M.-G.); (A.M.S.); Tel.: +351-259-350-921(A.M.S.)
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Wang X, Lu Q, Guo J, Ares I, Martínez M, Martínez-Larrañaga MR, Wang X, Anadón A, Martínez MA. Oxidative Stress and Metabolism: A Mechanistic Insight for Glyphosate Toxicology. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2022; 62:617-639. [PMID: 34990202 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-020821-111552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Glyphosate (GLYP) is a widely used pesticide; it is considered to be a safe herbicide for animals and humans because it targets 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase. However, there has been increasing evidence that GLYP causes varying degrees of toxicity. Moreover, oxidative stress and metabolism are highly correlated with toxicity. This review provides a comprehensive introduction to the toxicity of GLYP and, for the first time, systematically summarizes the toxicity mechanism of GLYP from the perspective of oxidative stress, including GLYP-mediated oxidative damage, changes in antioxidant status, altered signaling pathways, and the regulation of oxidative stress by exogenous substances. In addition, the metabolism of GLYP is discussed, including metabolites,metabolic pathways, metabolic enzymes, and the toxicity of metabolites. This review provides new ideas for the toxicity mechanism of GLYP and proposes effective strategies for reducing its toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Wang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China;
| | - Qirong Lu
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China;
| | - Jingchao Guo
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China;
| | - Irma Ares
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, and Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Marta Martínez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, and Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - María-Rosa Martínez-Larrañaga
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, and Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Xu Wang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China;
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, and Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- MAO Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan, Hubei 430023, China
| | - Arturo Anadón
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, and Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - María-Aránzazu Martínez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, and Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
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Cheron M, Costantini D, Angelier F, Ribout C, Brischoux F. Aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) alters oxidative status during embryonic development in an amphibian species. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:131882. [PMID: 34509012 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate's primary metabolite (aminomethylphosphonic acid, AMPA) is known to alter embryonic development at environmentally relevant concentrations in amphibians. However, we have limited understanding of the physiological mechanisms through which AMPA affects organisms. In this study, we tested whether alteration of the oxidative status is one mechanism through which AMPA affects organism performance. To this end, we analysed several oxidative status markers in hatchling tadpoles that were exposed to sublethal concentrations of AMPA during embryonic development (~16 days). We compared the influence of environmentally relevant concentrations of AMPA (from 0.07 to 3.57 μg l-1) on the relation between developmental traits (i.e, embryonic development duration, embryonic mortality and hatchling size) and oxidative status markers known to alter homeostasis when unbalanced (superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), thiols and ratios thereof). We included measures of telomere length as an indicator of physiological state. We found that AMPA concentrations induce non-monotonic effects on some oxidative status markers with hatchlings displaying elevated antioxidant responses (elevated thiols and unbalanced SOD/(GPx + CAT) ratio). The lack of effect of AMPA on the relation between developmental traits, oxidative status and telomere length suggests that selective mortality of embryos susceptible to oxidative stress may have occurred prior to hatching in individuals less resistant to AMPA which display lower hatching success. Future studies are required to disentangle whether oxidative unbalance is a cause or a consequence of AMPA exposition. This study highlights the need to investigate effects of the metabolites of contaminants at environmental concentrations to comprehensively assess impacts of anthropogenic contamination on wildlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Cheron
- Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372 CNRS-La Rochelle Université, 79360, Villiers en Bois, France.
| | - David Costantini
- Unité Physiologie Moléculaire et Adaptation (PhyMA), UMR 7221 Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, CP32, 7 Rue Cuvier, Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Angelier
- Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372 CNRS-La Rochelle Université, 79360, Villiers en Bois, France
| | - Cécile Ribout
- Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372 CNRS-La Rochelle Université, 79360, Villiers en Bois, France
| | - François Brischoux
- Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372 CNRS-La Rochelle Université, 79360, Villiers en Bois, France
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Rezende ECN, Carneiro FM, de Moraes JB, Wastowski IJ. Trends in science on glyphosate toxicity: a scientometric study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:56432-56448. [PMID: 34057629 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14556-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
As part of the most used herbicides, glyphosate is the most successful ingredient of agrochemical companies. The main objective of this study was to demonstrate research trends related to the glyphosate toxicity and its main effects on human and environmental health. For this purpose, 443 articles published, from 1995 to 2020, on the platform Web of Science™ Thomson Reuters were selected. The main toxicity results related in literature are genotoxicity, cytotoxicity, and endocrine disruption. The environmental effects come mostly from the contamination of groundwater and soils. Several studies have concluded that herbicide concentrations right below the official safety limits induced toxic effects. The results presented a highlighted harmful effect of glyphosate on both human and environmental health. It has been observed that countries where publish the most about the glyphosate toxicity are great investors in large-scale agriculture. It is important to ponder that these countries are in a route of ecosystem exploitation that includes not only fauna and flora, but also human beings. Unfortunately, science does not provide concise data for these pesticide disapproval in the global consumer market. It is necessary to search sustainable global interest alternatives to increase agriculture production based on peoples' food sovereignty.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Isabela Jubé Wastowski
- Mestrado em Ambiente e Sociedade/UEG, Morrinhos, Brazil
- Universidade Estadual de Goiás UEG, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
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43
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Alulema-Pullupaxi P, Fernández L, Debut A, Santacruz CP, Villacis W, Fierro C, Espinoza-Montero PJ. Photoelectrocatalytic degradation of glyphosate on titanium dioxide synthesized by sol-gel/spin-coating on boron doped diamond (TiO 2/BDD) as a photoanode. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 278:130488. [PMID: 33839390 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The construction of a photoanode with several layers of titanium oxysulfate as a precursor to form titanium dioxide-TiO2 on boron doped diamond-BDD (TiO2/BDD), and its application for the photoelectro-degradation of glyphosate in aqueous medium are presented. The study was divided into three stages: i) optimization of the number of layers of the TiO2 precursor to modify BDD using a novel method combining Sol-gel/Spin-Coating; ii) characterization of the TiO2/BDD electrodes, by scanning electron microscopy-SEM, dispersive energy spectroscopy-EDX, Ray diffraction-XRD, contact angle, and electrochemical response by cyclic voltammetry using [Fe(CN)6]3-/4- system; iii) degradation of glyphosate (50 mg L-1) by electrochemical oxidation on BDD and photoelectrocatalysis on TiO2/BDD in dark and UV-light conditions, at different current densities, for 5 h. The glyphosate degradation and mineralization were evaluated by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography, Total Organic Carbon, Chemical Oxygen Demand and inorganic-ions concentration (NO3-, PO43-, and NH4+). Also, the aminomethylphosphonic acid-AMPA was quantified by HPLC, as a degradation intermediate. Using five layers of the TiO2 precursor, in the construction of TiO2/BDD photoanode, and a lower contact angle, greater photoelectrocatalysis against the [Fe(CN)6]3-/4- redox system and better degradation of glyphosate compared to BDD without modification were achieved. The formation of TiO2 nanoparticles (14.79 ± 3.43 nm) in anatase phase on BDD was verified by SEM and XRD. Additionally, glyphosate degradation and mineralization were 2.3 times faster by photoelectrocatalysis on TiO2/BDD, relative to BDD, at 3 mA cm-2 and UV-light. Thus, the presence of TiO2 on BDD increases the rate and efficiency of glyphosate degradation with respect to electrochemical oxidation on BDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Alulema-Pullupaxi
- Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Escuela de Ciencias Químicas, Avenida 12 de Octubre y Roca, Apartado postal, 17 01 21 84, Quito, Ecuador; Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Departamento de Ingeniería Civil y Ambiental, Ladrón de Guevara E11-253, Apartado postal, 17-01-2759, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Lenys Fernández
- Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Escuela de Ciencias Químicas, Avenida 12 de Octubre y Roca, Apartado postal, 17 01 21 84, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Alexis Debut
- Centro de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE, Av. Gral. Rumiñahui s/n, P.O. Box 171-5-231B, Sangolquí, Ecuador
| | - Cristian P Santacruz
- Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Departamento de Física, Ladrón de Guevara E11-253, Apartado postal, 17-01-2759, Quito, Ecuador
| | - William Villacis
- Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Departamento de Ciencias Nucleares, Ladrón de Guevara E11-253, Apartado postal, 17-01-2759, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Carola Fierro
- Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Departamento de Ingeniería Civil y Ambiental, Ladrón de Guevara E11-253, Apartado postal, 17-01-2759, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Patricio J Espinoza-Montero
- Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Escuela de Ciencias Químicas, Avenida 12 de Octubre y Roca, Apartado postal, 17 01 21 84, Quito, Ecuador.
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Le Du-Carrée J, Saliou F, Cachot J, Morin T, Danion M. Developmental effect of parental or direct chronic exposure to environmental concentration of glyphosate on the larvae of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 237:105894. [PMID: 34186419 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2021.105894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The environmental safety profile of glyphosate, the most commonly used herbicide worldwide, is still a subject of debate and little is known about the generational toxicity of this active substance (AS) and the associated commercial formulations called "glyphosate-based herbicides" (GBHs). This study investigated the impact of parental and direct exposure to 1μgL-1 of glyphosate using the AS alone or one of two GBH formulations (i.e. Roundup Innovert® and Viaglif Jardin®) in the early developmental stages of rainbow trout. Three different modes of exposure on the F1 generation were studied: (1) intergenerational (i.e. fish only exposed through their parents); (2) direct (i.e. fish exposed only directly) and (3) multigenerational (i.e. fish both exposed intergenerationally and directly). The impact of chemical treatments on embryo-larval development (survival, biometry and malformations), swimming behaviour, biochemical markers of oxidative stress equilibrium (TBARS and catalase), acetylcholine esterase (AChE) and energy metabolism (citrate synthase, CS; cytochrome-c oxidase, CCO; lactate dehydrogenase, LDH; glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, G6PDH) was explored. Chemical exposure did not affect the survival of F1 embryos or malformation rates. Direct exposure to the AS induced some biometric changes, such as reduction in head size (with a 10% decrease in head length), independently of co-formulants. Intergenerational exposure to the AS or the Roundup GBH increased swimming activity of the larvae, with increase of between 78 and 102% in travel speeds. Viaglif co-formulants appear to have counteracted this behavioural change. The minor changes detected in the assayed biochemical markers suggested that observed effects were not due to oxidative damage, AChE inhibition or alterations to energy metabolism. Nonetheless, multi- and intergenerational exposure to Roundup increased CS:CCO and LDH:CS ratios by 46% and 9%, respectively, with a potential modification of the aerobic-to-anaerobic energy production balance. These biochemical effects were not correlated with those observed on individual level of biological organization. Therefore, further studies on generational toxicity of glyphosate and its co-formulants are needed to identify the other mechanisms of glyphosate toxicity at the cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessy Le Du-Carrée
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Fish Virology, Immunology and Ecotoxicology Unit, 29280 Plouzané, France; UBO University of Western Brittany, Brest, France.
| | - Florian Saliou
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Fish Virology, Immunology and Ecotoxicology Unit, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Jérôme Cachot
- UMR CNRS 5805 EPOC, University of Bordeaux, Avenue des Facultés, 33405 Talence Cedex, France
| | - Thierry Morin
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Fish Virology, Immunology and Ecotoxicology Unit, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Morgane Danion
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Fish Virology, Immunology and Ecotoxicology Unit, 29280 Plouzané, France
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45
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La Porta CAM, Fumagalli MR, Gomarasca S, Lionetti MC, Zapperi S, Bocchi S. Synergistic effects of contaminants in Lombardy waters. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13888. [PMID: 34230554 PMCID: PMC8260714 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93321-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantifying synergistic environmental effects in water contamination is still an open issue. Here, we have analyzed geolocalized data of pollutants recorded in 2018 in surface and groundwater of Lombardy, one of the areas with the highest agricultural production rates, not only in Italy, but also in Europe. Both herbicides and insecticides are present at concentration levels above the legal limit, mainly in surface waters. Geolocalized analysis allows us to identify interesting areas particularly affected by a combination of multiple pesticides. We thus investigated possible synergistic effects of these compounds on the environment, using the alga C. reinhardtii as a biosensor. Our results show that exposure for 7 days to four compounds, that we found present together at high concentration in surface waters, was able to induce a stress in the algae, as indicated by the presence of palmelloids. Our work results in a pipeline that could easily be exported to monitor other territories in Italy and abroad.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina A M La Porta
- Center for Complexity and Biosystems, University of Milan, via Celoria 16, 20133, Milan, Italy. .,Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy. .,CNR-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Biofisica, Via De Marini 6, 16149, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Maria Rita Fumagalli
- Center for Complexity and Biosystems, University of Milan, via Celoria 16, 20133, Milan, Italy.,Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy.,CNR-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Biofisica, Via De Marini 6, 16149, Genoa, Italy
| | - Stefano Gomarasca
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Lionetti
- Center for Complexity and Biosystems, University of Milan, via Celoria 16, 20133, Milan, Italy.,Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Zapperi
- Center for Complexity and Biosystems, University of Milan, via Celoria 16, 20133, Milan, Italy.,Department of Physics, University of Milan, Via Celoria 16, 20133, Milan, Italy.,CNR-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Chimica della Materia Condensata e di Tecnologie per l'Energia, Via R. Cozzi 53, 20125, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Bocchi
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
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Nagy K, Argaw Tessema R, Szász I, Smeirat T, Al Rajo A, Ádám B. Micronucleus Formation Induced by Glyphosate and Glyphosate-Based Herbicides in Human Peripheral White Blood Cells. Front Public Health 2021; 9:639143. [PMID: 34109144 PMCID: PMC8180907 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.639143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Glyphosate is the most commonly used herbicide around the world, which led to its accumulation in the environment and consequent ubiquitous human exposure. Glyphosate is marketed in numerous glyphosate-based herbicide formulations (GBHs) that include co-formulants to enhance herbicidal effect of the active ingredient, but are declared as inert substances. However, these other ingredients can have biologic activity on their own and may interact with the glyphosate in synergistic toxicity. In this study, we focused to compare the cytogenetic effect of the active ingredient glyphosate and three marketed GBHs (Roundup Mega, Fozat 480, and Glyfos) by investigating cytotoxicity with fluorescent co-labeling and WST-1 cell viability assay as well as genotoxicity with cytokinesis block micronucleus assay in isolated human mononuclear white blood cells. Glyphosate had no notable cytotoxic activity over the tested concentration range (0-10,000 μM), whereas all the selected GBHs induced significant cell death from 1,000 μM regardless of metabolic activation (S9). Micronucleus (MN) formation induced by glyphosate and its formulations at sub-cytotoxic concentrations (0-100 μM) exhibited a diverse pattern. Glyphosate caused statistically significant increase of MN frequency at the highest concentration (100 μM) after 20-h exposure. Contrarily, Roundup Mega exerted a significant genotoxic effect at 100 μM both after 4- and 20-h exposures; moreover, Glyfos and Fozat 480 also resulted in a statistically significant increase of MN frequency from the concentration of 10 μM after 4-h and 20-h treatment, respectively. The presence of S9 had no effect on MN formation induced by either glyphosate or GBHs. The differences observed in the cytotoxic and genotoxic pattern between the active principle and formulations confirm the previous concept that the presence of co-formulants in the formulations or the interaction of them with the active ingredient is responsible for the increased toxicity of herbicide products, and draw attention to the fact that GBHs are still currently in use, the toxicity of which rivals that of POEA-containing formulations (e.g., Glyfos) already banned in Europe. Hence, it is advisable to subject them to further comprehensive toxicological screening to assess the true health risks of exposed individuals, and to reconsider their free availability to any users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Károly Nagy
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Roba Argaw Tessema
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - István Szász
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tamara Smeirat
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Alaa Al Rajo
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Balázs Ádám
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Public Health, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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47
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Geng Y, Jiang L, Zhang D, Liu B, Zhang J, Cheng H, Wang L, Peng Y, Wang Y, Zhao Y, Xu Y, Liu X. Glyphosate, aminomethylphosphonic acid, and glufosinate ammonium in agricultural groundwater and surface water in China from 2017 to 2018: Occurrence, main drivers, and environmental risk assessment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 769:144396. [PMID: 33486182 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate and glufosinate ammonium are the main herbicides used to control weeds in no-tillage agricultural fields in China. However, their leaching risk to groundwater and ecological risk to aquatic organisms remain unclear. From the agricultural basins among 10 provinces of China, glyphosate, its main metabolite aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), and glufosinate ammonium were detected in 1.01%, 0.86%, 0% of 694 groundwater samples with the maximum concentrations of 2.09, 5.13, and <0.05 μg/L, and were detected in 14.3%, 15.8%, and 2.6% of 196 surface water samples with the maximum levels of 32.49, 10.31 and 13.15 μg/L. Furthermore, to evaluate the main drivers of exposure to the targets in water bodies, the fate models were used. The model simulation indicated that spray drift and overflow runoff were the key factors affecting the exposure to targets in surface water adjacent to rice field, whereas the spray drift deposition, runoff, and erosion induced the exposure to the targets in pond water close to dry land crop fields under different meteorological conditions and soil characteristics. The targets in groundwater posed a low risk to water consumption, while fish embryos might be at unacceptable risk due to glufosinate ammonium exposure in surface water with median risk quotient (RQ) equal to 55.6. The results highlight the spatial and seasonal distribution of glyphosate, AMPA, and glufosinate ammonium in groundwater and surface water in agricultural basins of China, providing the first evidence to the environmental risk of the targets to drinking water consumption and aquatic organism safety in China agriculture system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Geng
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory for Environmental Factors Control of Agro-product Quality Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China; National Reference Laboratory for Agricultural Testing, China
| | - Linjie Jiang
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory for Environmental Factors Control of Agro-product Quality Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China; National Reference Laboratory for Agricultural Testing, China
| | - Danyang Zhang
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory for Environmental Factors Control of Agro-product Quality Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China; National Reference Laboratory for Agricultural Testing, China
| | | | | | | | - Lu Wang
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory for Environmental Factors Control of Agro-product Quality Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China; National Reference Laboratory for Agricultural Testing, China
| | - Yi Peng
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory for Environmental Factors Control of Agro-product Quality Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China; National Reference Laboratory for Agricultural Testing, China
| | - Yuehua Wang
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory for Environmental Factors Control of Agro-product Quality Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China; National Reference Laboratory for Agricultural Testing, China
| | - Yujie Zhao
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory for Environmental Factors Control of Agro-product Quality Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China; National Reference Laboratory for Agricultural Testing, China
| | - Yaping Xu
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory for Environmental Factors Control of Agro-product Quality Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China; National Reference Laboratory for Agricultural Testing, China.
| | - Xiaowei Liu
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory for Environmental Factors Control of Agro-product Quality Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China; National Reference Laboratory for Agricultural Testing, China
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48
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Stevanović M, Brkić D, Tomić T, Mihajlović V, Đorđević T, Gašić S. Effects of the technical ingredient clomazone and its two formulated products on aquatic macrophytes. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 277:116753. [PMID: 33640824 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
One active ingredient can be a component of different types of formulations of pesticides, while the toxicity of its formulations may vary depending on various constituents used in the mixture. The present study focuses on evaluating the effects of the active ingredient clomazone and its formulations (Rampa® EC and GAT Cenit 36 CS, both containing 360 g a.i./l of clomazone) on non-target aquatic macrophytes. The two formulation types differ in their active ingredient release and presumed environmental impact. In order to cover different ecological traits, two species of aquatic macrophytes - the floating monocot Lemna minor and the rooted dicot Myriophyllum aquaticum, were used as test models. The results of this study revealed differences in the sensitivity of tested plants to clomazone. Based on the most sensitive parameters, M. aquaticum proved to be more sensitive than L. minor to the technical ingredient and both formulations. The species sensitivity distribution (SSD) approach that was tried out in an attempt to create a higher tier step of risk assessment of clomazone for primary producers indicates that tests on rooted macrophytes can add value in risk assessment of plant protection products. The capsule formulation of clomazone was less toxic than the emulsion for L. minor, but more toxic for M. aquaticum. The most toxic for L. minor was the emulsifiable concentrate formulation Rampa® EC, followed by technical clomazone (EC50 33.3 and 54.0 mg a.i./l, respectively), while the aqueous capsule suspension formulation GAT Cenit 36 CS did not cause adverse effects. On the other hand, the most toxic for M. aquaticum was the formulation GAT Cenit 36 CS, followed by technical clomazone and the formulation Rampa® EC, demonstrating a greater effect of the capsule formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Stevanović
- Institute of Pesticides and Environmental Protection, Banatska 31b, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Dragica Brkić
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tanja Tomić
- Department of Biology and Ecology, LECOTOX-Laboratory for Ecotoxicology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Varja Mihajlović
- Department of Biology and Ecology, LECOTOX-Laboratory for Ecotoxicology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Tijana Đorđević
- Institute of Pesticides and Environmental Protection, Banatska 31b, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Slavica Gašić
- Institute of Pesticides and Environmental Protection, Banatska 31b, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
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49
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Disner GR, Falcão MAP, Andrade-Barros AI, Leite Dos Santos NV, Soares ABS, Marcolino-Souza M, Gomes KS, Lima C, Lopes-Ferreira M. The Toxic Effects of Glyphosate, Chlorpyrifos, Abamectin, and 2,4-D on Animal Models: A Systematic Review of Brazilian Studies. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2021; 17:507-520. [PMID: 33006436 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Brazil is a global agricultural commodity producer and the largest consumer of pesticides. Pesticide use in Brazil comprised 549 280 tons in 2018. In the country, soybean, corn, and sugar cane are extensively produced, which are the most pesticides demanding crops. In the last years, the records of new pesticides were the highest in the historical series. They can persist in soil or water, accumulate in organisms, and contaminate workers and the general population through the air, water, or food. This review aimed to gather toxicological data obtained by animal models exposed to 4 pesticides: glyphosate, chlorpyrifos, abamectin, and 2,4-D. An additional goal was to compose an overview of how this subject has been approached, surveying which research groups are working on this field, where they are located, and relations with pesticides used in those regions. We collected the papers from the platforms PubMed, Scopus, Scielo, and Web of Science, performed in Brazil from 2014 to 2019. After two-step blind selection using the software Rayyan QCRI by different authors, 67 studies were selected to extract data. We observed that research is more concentrated in the South region, followed by the Southeast and Midwest, with 43%, 32%, and 23% of the studies, respectively. The prevalent institutions are from the states of Rio Grande do Sul, São Paulo, and Goiás. The effects on a variety of biomarkers help predict the potential risks to humans and nontarget organisms. The prevalent animal model was fish (36%). Overall, the main toxic effects evaluated were mortality, abnormalities in the blood cells, developmental abnormalities, and behavior alterations. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2021;17:507-520. © 2020 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geonildo Rodrigo Disner
- Immunoregulation Unit of the Laboratory of Applied Toxinology (CeTICS/FAPESP), Butantan Institute, Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Alice Pimentel Falcão
- Immunoregulation Unit of the Laboratory of Applied Toxinology (CeTICS/FAPESP), Butantan Institute, Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aline Ingrid Andrade-Barros
- Immunoregulation Unit of the Laboratory of Applied Toxinology (CeTICS/FAPESP), Butantan Institute, Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Amanda Beatriz Silva Soares
- Immunoregulation Unit of the Laboratory of Applied Toxinology (CeTICS/FAPESP), Butantan Institute, Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Milena Marcolino-Souza
- Immunoregulation Unit of the Laboratory of Applied Toxinology (CeTICS/FAPESP), Butantan Institute, Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kamila Sousa Gomes
- Immunoregulation Unit of the Laboratory of Applied Toxinology (CeTICS/FAPESP), Butantan Institute, Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carla Lima
- Immunoregulation Unit of the Laboratory of Applied Toxinology (CeTICS/FAPESP), Butantan Institute, Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Monica Lopes-Ferreira
- Immunoregulation Unit of the Laboratory of Applied Toxinology (CeTICS/FAPESP), Butantan Institute, Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
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50
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Canedo A, Rocha TL. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) using as model for genotoxicity and DNA repair assessments: Historical review, current status and trends. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 762:144084. [PMID: 33383303 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Genotoxic pollutants lead to both DNA damage and changes in cell repair mechanisms. Selecting suitable biomonitors is a fundamental step in genotoxicity studies. Thus, zebrafish have become a popular model used to assess the genotoxicity of different pollutants in recent years. They have orthologous genes with humans and hold almost all genes involved in different repair pathways. Therefore, the aim of the current study is to summarize the existing literature on zebrafish using as model system to assess the genotoxicity of different pollutants. Revised data have shown that comet assay is the main technique adopted in these studies. However, it is necessary standardizing the technique applied to zebrafish in order to enable better result interpretation and comparisons. Overall, pollutants lead to single-strand breaks (SSB), double-strand breaks (DSB), adduct formation, as well as to changes in the expression of genes involved in repair mechanisms. Although analyzing repair mechanisms is essential to better understand the genotoxic effects caused by pollutants, few studies have analyzed repair capacity. The current review reinforces the need of conducting further studies on the role played by repair pathways in zebrafish subjected to DNA damage. Revised data have shown that zebrafish are a suitable model to assess pollutant-induced genotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aryelle Canedo
- Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology and Ecotoxicology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiania, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Thiago Lopes Rocha
- Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology and Ecotoxicology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiania, Goiás, Brazil..
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