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Kuhlman KR, Radin A, Cole SW, Bower JE. Psychosocial predictors of the innate immune response to influenza vaccination. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2024; 163:106989. [PMID: 38354453 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2024.106989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Experimental activation of the innate immune system has contributed significantly to both our understanding of how psychological factors influence immune function as well as how immune activity influences the brain and behavior. The annual influenza vaccine can be used to interrogate the effects of mild immune stimulation on day-to-day changes in psychological processes in human subjects that range across the lifespan and in both clinical and non-clinical populations. Yet, the immune response to the influenza vaccine in the days immediately following its administration are not well characterized. The present study describes changes in inflammatory and antiviral gene expression within circulating immune cells, plasma cytokines, and C-reactive protein (CRP) following receipt of the flu vaccine, and further reports the association between several common behavioral health factors and the acute immune response. Participants were 65 adults (mean age 18.81 ± 1.03 years; 66.2% female) who provided a blood sample immediately before and then 24 h after receiving the vaccine. A subsample also provided additional blood samples at 48 and 72 h. Plasma was assayed for CRP, IL-6, IL-10, IL-8, TNF-α, and IFN-γ, and peripheral blood mononuclear cell RNA was sequenced for evidence of change in expression of an a priori set of type 1 interferon (IFN) and inflammatory response genes (INFLAM). Plasma cytokines, CRP, and IFN response genes increased 24 h after vaccination, all ps < .001. The increase in IFN gene expression correlated with the observed increase in plasma cytokines and CRP, p < .0001. The immune response to influenza vaccination at 24-hours was moderated by anxiety symptoms, BMI, being female, sleep, and history of influenza vaccination. These factors and their associations with common immune challenges may be useful in studies interrogating the origins of immune dysregulation. The annual influenza vaccine is an accessible and reliable exogenous activator of both circulating and transcriptional markers of innate immune reactivity, with sensitivity to behavioral health factors relevant for psychoneuroimmunology research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Ryan Kuhlman
- Department of Psychological Science, School of Social Ecology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Arielle Radin
- Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Steve W Cole
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Julienne E Bower
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Rivi V, Batabyal A, Benatti C, Sarti P, Blom JMC, Tascedda F, Lukowiak K. A translational and multidisciplinary approach to studying the Garcia effect, a higher form of learning with deep evolutionary roots. J Exp Biol 2024; 227:jeb247325. [PMID: 38639079 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.247325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Animals, including humans, learn and remember to avoid a novel food when its ingestion is followed, hours later, by sickness - a phenomenon initially identified during World War II as a potential means of pest control. In the 1960s, John Garcia (for whom the effect is now named) demonstrated that this form of conditioned taste aversion had broader implications, showing that it is a rapid but long-lasting taste-specific food aversion with a fundamental role in the evolution of behaviour. From the mid-1970s onward, the principles of the Garcia effect were translated to humans, showing its role in different clinical conditions (e.g. side-effects linked to chemotherapy). However, in the last two decades, the number of studies on the Garcia effect has undergone a considerable decline. Since its discovery in rodents, this form of learning was thought to be exclusive to mammals; however, we recently provided the first demonstration that a Garcia effect can be formed in an invertebrate model organism, the pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis. Thus, in this Commentary, after reviewing the experiments that led to the first characterization of the Garcia effect in rodents, we describe the recent evidence for the Garcia effect in L. stagnalis, which may pave the way for future studies in other invertebrates and mammals. This article aims to inspire future translational and ecological studies that characterize the conserved mechanisms underlying this form of learning with deep evolutionary roots, which can be used to address a range of different biological questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Rivi
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Anuradha Batabyal
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N 1N4
- Department of Physical and Natural Sciences, FLAME University, Pune - 412115, Maharashtra, India
| | - Cristina Benatti
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
- Centre of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Pierfrancesco Sarti
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Johanna Maria Catharina Blom
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
- Centre of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Fabio Tascedda
- Centre of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
- CIB, Consorzio Interuniversitario Biotecnologie, 34148 Trieste, Italy
| | - Ken Lukowiak
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N 1N4
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Boyle CC, Bower JE, Eisenberger NI, Irwin MR. Stress to inflammation and anhedonia: Mechanistic insights from preclinical and clinical models. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 152:105307. [PMID: 37419230 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Anhedonia, as evidenced by impaired pleasurable response to reward, reduced reward motivation, and/or deficits in reward-related learning, is a common feature of depression. Such deficits in reward processing are also an important clinical target as a risk factor for depression onset. Unfortunately, reward-related deficits remain difficult to treat. To address this gap and inform the development of effective prevention and treatment strategies, it is critical to understand the mechanisms that drive impairments in reward function. Stress-induced inflammation is a plausible mechanism of reward deficits. The purpose of this paper is to review evidence for two components of this psychobiological pathway: 1) the effects of stress on reward function; and 2) the effects of inflammation on reward function. Within these two areas, we draw upon preclinical and clinical models, distinguish between acute and chronic effects of stress and inflammation, and address specific domains of reward dysregulation. By addressing these contextual factors, the review reveals a nuanced literature which might be targeted for additional scientific inquiry to inform the development of precise interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe C Boyle
- Norman Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA, USA.
| | - Julienne E Bower
- Norman Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA, USA; Department of Psychology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Michael R Irwin
- Norman Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA, USA
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4
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Platto S, Serres A. A Quantitative Assessment of Trainers-Dolphins' Interactions in the Absence of Food Reward. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13101651. [PMID: 37238081 DOI: 10.3390/ani13101651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
All the studies that have considered the motivation of the dolphins to interact with their trainers as a possible welfare indicator have been carried out in facilities where the trainer-dolphin interactions (TDIs) sessions were reinforced with food. Therefore, in these specific circumstances, it was difficult to separate the motivation of the dolphins interacting with the trainers from the food drive. The current study aims to assess the interaction between the trainers and the dolphins in the absence of food rewards. The research was carried out at The Dolphin Reef (Eilat, Israel), a facility where the interaction between the trainers and 14 bottlenose dolphins of different sex and age classes did not involve food rewards. A total of 531 TDIs were recorded, with dolphins participating in 94.5% of the sessions and an average of three dolphins per session. The dolphins participated in a higher number and more frequently in the TDIs when toys were provided by the trainers. Diel and seasonal differences were also observed, with the dolphins participating more during the morning sessions and the neutral season. The latency of response of the dolphins to the presence of the trainers on the platform or in the water, whether or not advertised by the trainers' signal ("call" or "no-call"), was very short (usually less than 1 min), and the dolphins often anticipated the beginning of the sessions by arriving at the trainers' location before or upon the caretakers' arrival (96% of the time). Individual differences in the participation in the TDIs were also recorded, which might be linked to both the dolphin's health/welfare status or their personality. The current study shows that the separation of the TDIs from the food reward allows for a better understanding of the willingness of dolphins under human care to interact with their trainers. In addition, the results presented in this paper show that such TDIs are an important part of these dolphins' lives, which suggests that these interactions might be an additional tool to improve the animals' social environment and monitor their welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Platto
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Jianghan University, No. 8, Sanjiaohu Road, Wuhan Economic & Technological Development Zone, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Agathe Serres
- Institute of Deep Sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 28 Luhuitou Road, Jiyang District, Sanya 572000, China
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Nguyen TNB, Ely BA, Pick D, Patel M, Xie H, Kim-Schulze S, Gabbay V. Clenbuterol attenuates immune reaction to lipopolysaccharide and its relationship to anhedonia in adolescents. Brain Behav Immun 2022; 106:89-99. [PMID: 35914697 PMCID: PMC9817216 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2022.07.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
While inflammation has been implicated in psychopathology, relationships between immune-suppressing processes and psychiatric constructs remain elusive. This study sought to assess whether β2-agonist clenbuterol (CBL) would attenuate immune activation in adolescents with mood and anxiety symptoms following ex vivo exposure of whole blood to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Our focus on adolescents aimed to target a critical developmental period when psychiatric conditions often emerge and prior to chronicity effects. To capture a diverse range of immunologic and symptomatologic phenotypes, we included 97 psychotropic-medication free adolescents with mood and anxiety symptoms and 33 healthy controls. All participants had comprehensive evaluations and dimensional assessments of psychiatric symptoms. Fasting whole-blood samples were collected and stimulated with LPS in the presence and absence of CBL for 6 hours, then analyzed for 41 cytokines, chemokines, and hematopoietic growth factors. Comparison analyses used Bonferroni-corrected nonparametric tests. Levels of nine immune biomarkers-including IL-1RA, IL-1β, IL-6, IP-10, MCP-1, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, TGF-α, and TNF-α-were significantly reduced by CBL treatment compared to LPS alone. Exploratory factor analysis reduced 41 analytes into 5 immune factors in each experimental condition, and their relationships with psychiatric symptoms were examined as a secondary aim. CBL + LPS Factor 4-comprising EGF, PDGF-AA, PDGF-AB/BB, sCD40L, and GRO-significantly correlated with anticipatory and consummatory anhedonia, even after controlling for depression severity. This study supports the possible inhibitory effect of CBL on immune activation. Using a data-driven method, distinctive relationships between CBL-affected immune biomarkers and dimensional anhedonia were reported, further elucidating the role of β2-agonism in adolescent affective symptomatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tram N B Nguyen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States.
| | - Benjamin A Ely
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States.
| | - Danielle Pick
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States.
| | - Manishkumar Patel
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States.
| | - Hui Xie
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States.
| | - Seunghee Kim-Schulze
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States.
| | - Vilma Gabbay
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States; Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, United States.
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Russell B, Hrelja KM, Adams WK, Zeeb FD, Taves MD, Kaur S, Soma KK, Winstanley CA. Differential effects of lipopolysaccharide on cognition, corticosterone and cytokines in socially-housed vs isolated male rats. Behav Brain Res 2022; 433:114000. [PMID: 35817135 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.114000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Social isolation is an established risk factor for mental illness and impaired immune function. Evidence suggests that neuroinflammatory processes contribute to mental illness, possibly via cytokine-induced modulation of neural activity. We examined the effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration and social home cage environment on cognitive performance in the 5-Choice Serial Reaction Time Task (5CSRTT), and their effects on corticosterone and cytokines in serum and brain tissue. Male Long-Evans rats were reared in pairs or in isolation before training on the 5CSRTT. The effects of saline and LPS (150 µg/kg i.p.) administration on sickness behaviour and task performance were then assessed. LPS-induced sickness behaviour was augmented in socially-isolated rats, translating to increased omissions and slower response times in the 5CSRTT. Both social isolation and LPS administration reduced impulsive responding, while discriminative accuracy remained unaffected. With the exception of reduced impulsivity in isolated rats, these effects were not observed following a second administration of LPS, revealing behavioural tolerance to repeated LPS injections. In a separate cohort of animals, social isolation potentiated the ability of LPS to increase serum corticosterone and IL-6, which corresponded to increased IL-6 in the orbitofrontal and medial prefrontal cortices and the nucleus accumbens. Basal IL-4 levels in the nucleus accumbens were reduced in socially-isolated rats. These findings are consistent with the adaptive response of reduced motivational drive following immune challenge, and identify social isolation as an exacerbating factor. Enhanced IL-6 signalling may play a role in mediating the potentiated behavioural response to LPS administration in isolated animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittney Russell
- Department of Psychology, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kelly M Hrelja
- Department of Psychology, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Wendy K Adams
- Department of Psychology, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Fiona D Zeeb
- Department of Psychology, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Matthew D Taves
- Department of Psychology, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sukhbir Kaur
- Department of Psychology, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kiran K Soma
- Department of Psychology, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Catharine A Winstanley
- Department of Psychology, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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7
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Beckmann FE, Seidenbecher S, Metzger CD, Gescher DM, Carballedo A, Tozzi L, O'Keane V, Frodl T. C-reactive protein is related to a distinct set of alterations in resting-state functional connectivity contributing to a differential pathophysiology of major depressive disorder. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2022; 321:111440. [PMID: 35131572 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2022.111440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies in major depressive disorder (MDD) have found inflammation, especially C-reactive protein (CRP), to be consistently associated with MDD and network dysfunction. The aim was to investigate whether CRP is linked to a distinct set of resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) alterations. METHODS For this reason, we investigated the effects of diagnosis and elevated blood plasma CRP levels on the RSFC in 63 participants (40 females, mean age 31.4 years) of which were 27 patients with a primary diagnosis of MDD and 36 healthy control-subjects (HC), utilizing a seed-based approach within five well-established RSFC networks obtained using fMRI. RESULTS Of the ten network pairs examined, five showed increased between-network RSFC-values unambiguously connected either to a diagnosis of MDD or elevated CRP levels. For elevated CRP levels, increased RSFC between DMN and AN was found. Patients showed increased RSFC within DMN areas and between the DMN and ECN and VAN, ECN and AN and AN and DAN. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study show dysregulated neural circuits specifically connected to elevated plasma CRP levels and independent of other alterations of RSFC in MDD. This dysfunction in neural circuits might in turn result in a certain immune-inflammatory subtype of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fienne-Elisa Beckmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Stephanie Seidenbecher
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Coraline D Metzger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Dorothee M Gescher
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen, Germany
| | - Angela Carballedo
- Department of Psychiatry and Trinity Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Leonardo Tozzi
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Trinity Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry, University of Stanford, USA
| | - Veronica O'Keane
- Department of Psychiatry and Trinity Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Thomas Frodl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Trinity Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry, University of Stanford, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen, Germany.
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Serres A, Hao Y, Wang D. Monitoring captive odontocetes’ participation during training sessions for improving training efficiency and welfare evaluation. J Vet Behav 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jveb.2021.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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9
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Carlton CN, Garcia KM, Sullivan-Toole H, Stanton K, McDonnell CG, Richey JA. From childhood maltreatment to adult inflammation: Evidence for the mediational status of social anxiety and low positive affect. Brain Behav Immun Health 2021; 18:100366. [PMID: 34704081 PMCID: PMC8526764 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2021.100366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Prior work has established a robust association between childhood maltreatment and systemic inflammatory activation later in life; however, the mechanisms involved in this process remain incompletely understood. The purpose of this investigation was to examine potential mechanistic roles for social anxiety (SA) symptoms and low positive affect (PA) in the path from childhood maltreatment to elevations in circulating interleukin (IL)-6, a common biomarker of inflammatory activation. In addition, building on prior work establishing linkages between mindful awareness and reductions in systemic inflammation, we examined the potential role of trait mindfulness as a moderator of the relationships among childhood maltreatment, SA, low PA, and IL-6. A serial mediation model utilizing a large epidemiologic dataset (final N = 527) supported our central hypothesis that the direct effect of childhood maltreatment on IL-6 was fully serially statistically mediated by SA symptoms and low PA (but not high negative affect). Additionally, results indicated that individuals falling in the upper versus lower quartiles of SA symptoms demonstrated significantly elevated concentrations of IL-6, a finding that has not been previously reported. Trait mindfulness moderated the association between low PA and IL-6, to the exclusion of any paths related to negative affect. Additionally, results indicated that the effect of child maltreatment on IL-6 bypasses SA to indirectly impact IL-6 via negative affect. Overall, we conclude that childhood maltreatment and SA symptoms have a significant influence on IL-6, albeit indirectly via low PA, and the influence of PA on IL-6 may be uniquely susceptible to influence by individual differences in mindfulness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Holly Sullivan-Toole
- Virginia Tech, Department of Psychology, USA
- Temple University, Department of Psychology, USA
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Lamontagne SJ, Winters MF, Pizzagalli DA, Olmstead MC. Post-acute sequelae of COVID-19: Evidence of mood & cognitive impairment. Brain Behav Immun Health 2021; 17:100347. [PMID: 34549199 PMCID: PMC8437695 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2021.100347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute health consequences associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection have been thoroughly characterized; however, long-term impacts are not yet understood. Post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC), also known as Long COVID syndrome, is the persistence of COVID-19 symptoms long after viral infection. In addition to physical symptoms, those with PASC experience changes in mental health, but few studies have empirically examined these effects. The current study investigated mood and cognitive functioning in individuals who have recovered from COVID-19 infection. We recruited 100 male and female adults (M = 30 years old) with no history of mood or cognitive impairment prior to the COVID-19 pandemic (Jan. 2020). Half of the subjects were healthy controls (i.e., no prior COVID-19 infection) and half had received a past COVID-19 diagnosis (ascertained by PCR or antibody test) but were no longer infectious. Participants completed self-reported measures of stress, depression, and anhedonia, as well as the Attention Network Test (ANT), a behavioural measure of attentional alerting, orienting and executive functioning. Relative to controls, depression and anhedonia were significantly higher in the past-COVID group. Selective impairment in attention was observed in the past-COVID group, marked by deficits in executive functioning while alerting and orienting abilities remained intact. Effects were most pronounced among individuals diagnosed 1-4 months prior to assessment. There were no group differences in pandemic-related experiences with respect to social interaction, social distancing, or isolation. The past-COVID group scored significantly higher on perceived stress; however, this did not moderate any effects observed on mood or cognition. These findings implicate a protracted reaction to the virus, possibly via prolonged inflammation, contributing to sustained mood dysregulation and cognitive impairment. Future research should examine the neural and physiological underpinnings of PASC, particularly mechanisms that promote psychiatric sequelae 1-4 months following diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J. Lamontagne
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
- Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Makaila F. Winters
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Diego A. Pizzagalli
- Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
- McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Mary C. Olmstead
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
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11
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Ely BA, Nguyen TNB, Tobe RH, Walker AM, Gabbay V. Multimodal Investigations of Reward Circuitry and Anhedonia in Adolescent Depression. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:678709. [PMID: 34366915 PMCID: PMC8345280 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.678709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression is a highly prevalent condition with devastating personal and public health consequences that often first manifests during adolescence. Though extensively studied, the pathogenesis of depression remains poorly understood, and efforts to stratify risks and identify optimal interventions have proceeded slowly. A major impediment has been the reliance on an all-or-nothing categorical diagnostic scheme based solely on whether a patient endorses an arbitrary number of common symptoms for a sufficiently long period. This approach masks the well-documented heterogeneity of depression, a disorder that is highly variable in presentation, severity, and course between individuals and is frequently comorbid with other psychiatric conditions. In this targeted review, we outline the limitations of traditional diagnosis-based research and instead advocate an alternative approach centered around symptoms as unique dimensions of clinical dysfunction that span across disorders and more closely reflect underlying neurobiological abnormalities. In particular, we highlight anhedonia-the reduced ability to anticipate and experience pleasure-as a specific, quantifiable index of reward dysfunction and an ideal candidate for dimensional investigation. Anhedonia is a core symptom of depression but also a salient feature of numerous other conditions, and its severity varies widely within clinical and even healthy populations. Similarly, reward dysfunction is a hallmark of depression but is evident across many psychiatric conditions. Reward function is especially relevant in adolescence, a period characterized by exaggerated reward-seeking behaviors and rapid maturation of neural reward circuitry. We detail extensive work by our research group and others to investigate the neural and systemic factors contributing to reward dysfunction in youth, including our cumulative findings using multiple neuroimaging and immunological measures to study depressed adolescents but also trans-diagnostic cohorts with diverse psychiatric symptoms. We describe convergent evidence that reward dysfunction: (a) predicts worse clinical outcomes, (b) is associated with functional and chemical abnormalities within and beyond the neural reward circuitry, (c) is linked to elevated peripheral levels of inflammatory biomarkers, and (d) manifests early in the course of illness. Emphasis is placed on high-resolution neuroimaging techniques, comprehensive immunological assays, and data-driven analyses to fully capture and characterize the complex, interconnected nature of these systems and their contributions to adolescent reward dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A. Ely
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Tram N. B. Nguyen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Russell H. Tobe
- Department of Clinical Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, United States
| | - Audrey M. Walker
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Vilma Gabbay
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
- Department of Clinical Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, United States
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12
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Cannabidiol prevents lipopolysaccharide-induced sickness behavior and alters cytokine and neurotrophic factor levels in the brain. Pharmacol Rep 2021; 73:1680-1693. [PMID: 34218397 PMCID: PMC8254454 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-021-00301-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Major depressive disorder (MDD) affects millions of people worldwide. While the exact pathogenesis is yet to be elucidated, the role of neuro-immune signaling has recently emerged. Despite major advances in pharmacotherapy, antidepressant use is marred by limited efficacy and potential side effects. Cannabidiol (CBD), a phytocannabinoid, exerts antidepressant-like effects in experimental animals. This study investigated the impact of CBD on sickness behavior (SB), a measure of depressive-like response, and neuro-immune changes induced by lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in mice. Methods Socially isolated rodents were administered with LPS to trigger SB. and treated with CBD or its vehicle. Animals were submitted to forced swimming test, to evaluate depressive-like behavior, and to open field test, to evaluate locomotory activity. Immediately after behavioral analyses, animals were euthanized and had their hypothalamus, prefrontal cortex and hippocampus dissected, to proceed neurotrophins and cytokines analyses. ELISA was used to detect IL-1β, BDNF and NGF; and cytometric beads array to measure IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-10 levels. Results CBD effectively prevented SB-induced changes in the forced swim test without altering spontaneous locomotion. This phytocannabinoid also partially reversed LPS-evoked IL-6 increase in both the hypothalamus and hippocampus. In addition, CBD prevented endotoxin-induced increase in BDNF and NGF levels in the hippocampus of SB animals. Conclusions Apparently, CBD prevents both behavioral and neuro-immunological changes associated with LPS-induced SB, which reinforces its potential use as an antidepressant which modulates neuroinflammation. This opens up potentially new therapeutic avenues in MDD. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s43440-021-00301-8.
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13
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Quave CB, Nieto SJ, Haile CN, Kosten TA. Immune receptor toll-like receptor 4 contributes to stress-induced affective responses in a sex-specific manner. Brain Behav Immun Health 2021; 14:100248. [PMID: 34589759 PMCID: PMC8474610 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2021.100248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress activates innate immune Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and enhances susceptibility to depression, a condition that is more prevalent in females. The TLR4 receptor type is involved in inflammatory responses and its expression levels associate with depressive symptoms and their successful treatment. Yet, little preclinical research has examined the role of TLR4 in stress-induced affective responses to determine if these are sex-specific. One group per genotype of male and female Tlr4 knockout (KO) and wild type (WT) rats were exposed to predator odor in a place conditioning apparatus with others exposed to saline. Affective behaviors evaluated included distance traveled and center time in an open-field apparatus, sucrose preference and fluid intake in a two-bottle test, and conditioned place aversion to the odor-paired compartment. Predator odor exposed rats showed conditioned place aversion to the odor-paired compartment, demonstrating predator odor was aversive. Such exposure led to anhedonia (decreased sucrose preference) across genotypes and sex. Predator odor exposure decreased distance traveled, an effect that was greater in KO rats, especially in females. Tlr4 deletion also resulted in sex-specific effects on anxiety-like behavior. Compared to WTs, female KO rats showed lower center time after predator odor exposure whereas genotype did not affect this response in male rats. Across litters, fewer male KO and heterozygous rats and more WT rats were born whereas female rats showed the typical genotype distribution. Results suggest predator odor alters affective behaviors, consistent with the preclinical literature, and deletion of Tlr4 enhances some stress-induced affective responses, often in a sex-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cana B. Quave
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, United States
| | - Steven J. Nieto
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, United States
| | - Colin N. Haile
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, United States
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14
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Ebeid MA, Habib MZ, Mohamed AM, Faramawy YE, Saad SST, El-Kharashi OA, El Magdoub HM, Abd-Alkhalek HA, Aboul-Fotouh S, Abdel-Tawab AM. Cognitive effects of the GSK-3 inhibitor "lithium" in LPS/chronic mild stress rat model of depression: Hippocampal and cortical neuroinflammation and tauopathy. Neurotoxicology 2021; 83:77-88. [PMID: 33417987 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2020.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Low-dose repeated lipopolysaccharide pre-challenge followed by chronic mild stress (LPS/CMS) protocol has been introduced as a rodent model of depression combining the roles of immune activation and chronic psychological stress. However, the impact of this paradigm on cognitive functioning has not been investigated hitherto. METHODS This study evaluated LPS/CMS-induced cognitive effects and the role of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) activation with subsequent neuroinflammation and pathological tau deposition in the pathogenesis of these effects using lithium (Li) as a tool for GSK-3 inhibition. RESULTS LPS pre-challenge reduced CMS-induced neuroinflammation, depressive-like behavior and cognitive inflexibility. It also improved spatial learning but increased GSK-3β expression and exaggerated hyperphosphorylated tau accumulation in hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. Li ameliorated CMS and LPS/CMS-induced depressive and cognitive deficits, reduced GSK-3β over-expression and tau hyperphosphorylation, impeded neuroinflammation and enhanced neuronal survival. CONCLUSION This study draws attention to LPS/CMS-triggered cognitive changes and highlights how prior low-dose immune challenge could develop an adaptive capacity to buffer inflammatory damage and maintain the cognitive abilities necessary to withstand threats. This work also underscores the favorable effect of Li (as a GSK-3β inhibitor) in impeding exaggerated tauopathy and neuroinflammation, rescuing neuronal survival and preserving cognitive functions. Yet, further in-depth studies utilizing different low-dose LPS challenge schedules are needed to elucidate the complex interactions between immune activation and chronic stress exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai A Ebeid
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Z Habib
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed M Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Yasser El Faramawy
- Department of Geriatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sherin S T Saad
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Omnyah A El-Kharashi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hekmat M El Magdoub
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hadwa A Abd-Alkhalek
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sawsan Aboul-Fotouh
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt; Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Abdel-Tawab
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt; Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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15
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Schmidt E, Raposo P, Vavrek R, Fouad K. Inducing inflammation following subacute spinal cord injury in female rats: A double-edged sword to promote motor recovery. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 93:55-65. [PMID: 33358981 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The inflammatory response following spinal cord injury is associated with increased tissue damage and impaired functional recovery. However, inflammation can also promote plasticity and the secretion of growth-promoting substances. Previously we have shown that inducing inflammation with a systemic injection of lipopolysaccharide in the chronic (8 weeks) stage of spinal cord injury enhances neuronal sprouting and the efficacy of rehabilitative training in rats. Here, we tested whether administration of lipopolysaccharide in female rats in the subacute (10 days) stage of spinal cord injury would have a similar effect. Since the lesioned environment is already in a pro-inflammatory state at this earlier time after injury, we hypothesized that triggering a second immune response may not be beneficial for recovery. Contrary to our hypothesis, we found that eliciting an inflammatory response 10 days after spinal cord injury enhanced the recovery of the ipsilesional forelimb in rehabilitative training. Compared to rats that received rehabilitative training without treatment, rats that received systemic lipopolysaccharide showed restored motor function without the use of compensatory strategies that translated beyond the trained task. Furthermore, lipopolysaccharide treatment paradoxically promoted the resolution of chronic neuroinflammation around the lesion site. Unfortunately, re-triggering a systemic immune response after spinal cord injury also resulted in a long-term increase in anxiety-like behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Schmidt
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Pamela Raposo
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Romana Vavrek
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Karim Fouad
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
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16
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Taylor WL, Schuldt SJ, Delorit JD, Chini CM, Postolache TT, Lowry CA, Brenner LA, Hoisington AJ. A framework for estimating the United States depression burden attributable to indoor fine particulate matter exposure. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 756:143858. [PMID: 33293092 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Recently published exploratory studies based on exposure to outdoor fine particulates, defined as particles with a nominal mean diameter less than or equal to 2.5 μm (PM2.5) indicate that the pollutant may play a role in mental health conditions, such as major depressive disorder. This paper details a model that can estimate the United States (US) major depressive disorder burden attributable to indoor PM2.5 exposure, locally modifiable through input parameter calibrations. By utilizing concentration values in an exposure-response function, along with relative risk values derived from epidemiological studies, the model estimated the prevalence of expected cases of major depressive disorder in multiple scenarios. Model results show that exposure to indoor PM2.5 might contribute to 476,000 cases of major depressive disorder in the US (95% confidence interval 11,000-1,100,000), approximately 2.7% of the total number of cases reported annually. Increasing heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) filter efficiency in a residential dwelling results in minor reductions in depressive disorders in rural or urban locations in the US. Nevertheless, a minimum efficiency reporting value (MERV) 13 filter does have a benefit/cost ratio at or near one when smoking occurs indoors; during wildfires; or in locations with elevated outdoor PM2.5 concentrations. The approach undertaken herein could provide a transparent strategy for investment into the built environment to improve the mental health of the occupants.
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Affiliation(s)
- William L Taylor
- Department of Systems Engineering and Management, Air Force Institute of Technology, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH 45433, USA
| | - Steven J Schuldt
- Department of Systems Engineering and Management, Air Force Institute of Technology, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH 45433, USA
| | - Justin D Delorit
- Department of Systems Engineering and Management, Air Force Institute of Technology, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH 45433, USA
| | - Christopher M Chini
- Department of Systems Engineering and Management, Air Force Institute of Technology, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH 45433, USA
| | - Teodor T Postolache
- Military and Veteran Microbiome: Consortium for Research and Education (MVM-CoRE), Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Veterans Health Administration, Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center (RMRVAMC), Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Mood and Anxiety Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Christopher A Lowry
- Military and Veteran Microbiome: Consortium for Research and Education (MVM-CoRE), Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Veterans Health Administration, Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center (RMRVAMC), Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Department of Integrative Physiology, Center for Neuroscience, and Center for Microbial Exploration, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; Departments of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Psychiatry, & Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Lisa A Brenner
- Military and Veteran Microbiome: Consortium for Research and Education (MVM-CoRE), Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Veterans Health Administration, Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center (RMRVAMC), Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Departments of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Psychiatry, & Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Andrew J Hoisington
- Department of Systems Engineering and Management, Air Force Institute of Technology, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH 45433, USA; Military and Veteran Microbiome: Consortium for Research and Education (MVM-CoRE), Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Veterans Health Administration, Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center (RMRVAMC), Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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17
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Medeiros GC, Rush AJ, Jha M, Carmody T, Furman JL, Czysz AH, Trombello JM, Cooper CM, Trivedi MH. Positive and negative valence systems in major depression have distinct clinical features, response to antidepressants, and relationships with immunomarkers. Depress Anxiety 2020; 37:771-783. [PMID: 32187776 PMCID: PMC9900948 DOI: 10.1002/da.23006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heterogeneity in major depressive disorder (MDD) is well recognized but not well understood. Core depressive features are reward and emotional symptoms, which reflect dysfunctions in the positive valence (PV) and negative valence (NV) systems, respectively. This study assessed whether PV and NV systems (based on selected symptoms) were associated with different clinical features, antidepressant response, and levels of immunomarkers in adults with MDD. METHODS These analyses used data from combining medications to enhance depression outcomes study (N = 665; n = 166 for immunomarkers). PV and NV symptom scores were extracted from the clinician-rated 30-item Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology. Correlational analyses were conducted. RESULTS PV and NV symptom scores were substantially associated with different clinical features. PV symptoms (impaired motivation, impaired energy, and anhedonia) were independently associated with female gender (p < .001), older age (p = .012), and higher cognitive and physical impairment (p < .001) according to the 7-item Cognitive and Physical Functioning Questionnaire. Conversely, NV symptoms (anxiety and interpersonal sensitivity) were independently associated with younger age (p = .013), more anxious comorbidities (p = .001 for generalized anxiety disorder and p = .002 for social phobia) and other commonly associated noncriterion symptoms (p < .001). Overall, PV symptoms were more responsive to antidepressants than NV symptoms (p < .0001; Cohen's d = .455). A PV symptom score was positively correlated with the concentration of three proinflammatory and one anti-inflammatory factor. In contrast, an NV symptom score was negatively associated with only one proinflammatory immunomarker. CONCLUSIONS PV and NV system functions appear to be reflected in selected clinical symptoms that differentially relate to other clinical features, treatment outcomes, and immunological function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo C. Medeiros
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - A. John Rush
- Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore,Department of Psychiatry, Duke University Medical School, Durham, NC, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Texas Tech Health Science Center, Permian Basin, TX, USA
| | - Manish Jha
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA,Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thomas Carmody
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jennifer L. Furman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Andrew H. Czysz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Joseph M. Trombello
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Crystal M. Cooper
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Madhukar H. Trivedi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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18
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Kumar M, Arora P, Sandhir R. Hydrogen Sulfide Reverses LPS-Induced Behavioral Deficits by Suppressing Microglial Activation and Promoting M2 Polarization. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2020; 16:483-499. [DOI: 10.1007/s11481-020-09920-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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19
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Ahmadirad N, Ghasemi Z. COVID-19 and Central Nervous System: Entry Routes And. Basic Clin Neurosci 2020; 11:217-224. [PMID: 32855781 PMCID: PMC7368099 DOI: 10.32598/bcn.11.covid19.2360.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Awareness of the current outbreak of Coronavirus Disease - 2019 (COVID-19) affecting the nervous system and identifying its possible ways to enter the Central Nervous System (CNS) are critical for the prevention and treatment of the disease. Hence, the CNS implications of the COVID-19 since the spread of the virus were reviewed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nooshin Ahmadirad
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Ghasemi
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
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20
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Steardo L, Steardo L, Zorec R, Verkhratsky A. Neuroinfection may contribute to pathophysiology and clinical manifestations of COVID-19. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2020; 229:e13473. [PMID: 32223077 PMCID: PMC7228251 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Steardo
- Fortunato University Benevento Italy
- Sapienza University Rome Italy
| | | | - Robert Zorec
- Clica BIOMEDICAL Ljubljana Slovenia
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology‐Molecular Cell Physiology Institute of Pathophysiology Faculty of Medicine University of Ljubljana Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Alexei Verkhratsky
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health The University of Manchester Manchester UK
- Achucarro Center for Neuroscience IKERBASQUE Bilbao Spain
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21
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Wan L, Li Z, Liu T, Chen X, Xu Q, Yao W, Zhang C, Zhang Y. Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids: Emerging therapeutic agents for central post-stroke pain. Pharmacol Res 2020; 159:104923. [PMID: 32461186 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Central post-stroke pain (CPSP) is chronic neuropathic pain due to a lesion or dysfunction of the central nervous system following cerebrovascular insult. This syndrome is characterized by chronic somatosensory abnormalities including spontaneous pain, hyperalgesia and allodynia, which localize to body areas corresponding to the injured brain region. However, despite its potential to impair activities of daily life and cause mood disorders after stroke, it is probably the least recognized complication of stroke. All currently approved treatments for CPSP have limited efficacy but troublesome side effects. The detailed mechanism underlying CPSP is still under investigation; however, its diverse clinical features indicate excessive central neuronal excitability, which is attributed to loss of inhibition and excessive neuroinflammation. Recently, exogenous epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) have been used to attenuate the mechanical allodynia in CPSP rats and proven to provide a quicker onset and superior pain relief compared to the current first line drug gabapentin. This anti-nociceptive effect is mediated by reserving the normal thalamic inhibition state through neurosteroid-GABA signaling. Moreover, mounting evidence has revealed that EETs exert anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the expression of vascular adhesion molecules, activating NFκB, inflammatory cytokines secretion and COX-2 gene induction. The present review focuses on the extensive evidence supporting the potential of EETs to be a multi-functional therapeutic approach for CPSP. Additionally, the role of EETs in the crosstalk between anti-CPSP and the comorbid mood disorder is reviewed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wan
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Zuofan Li
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Tongtong Liu
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xuhui Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Qiaoqiao Xu
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Wenlong Yao
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Chuanhan Zhang
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
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Lasselin J, Schedlowski M, Karshikoff B, Engler H, Lekander M, Konsman JP. Comparison of bacterial lipopolysaccharide-induced sickness behavior in rodents and humans: Relevance for symptoms of anxiety and depression. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 115:15-24. [PMID: 32433924 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence from animal and human studies suggests that inflammation may be involved in mood disorders. Sickness behavior and emotional changes induced by experimental inflammatory stimuli have been extensively studied in humans and rodents to better understand the mechanisms underlying inflammation-driven mood alterations. However, research in animals and humans have remained compartmentalized and a comprehensive comparison of inflammation-induced sickness and depressive-like behavior between rodents and humans is lacking. Thus, here, we highlight similarities and differences in the effects of bacterial lipopolysaccharide administration on the physiological (fever and cytokines), behavioral and emotional components of the sickness response in rodents and humans, and discuss the translational challenges involved. We also emphasize the differences between observable sickness behavior and subjective sickness reports, and advocate for the need to obtain both subjective reports and objective measurements of sickness behavior in humans. We aim to provide complementary insights for translational clinical and experimental research on inflammation-induced behavioral and emotional changes, and their relevance for mood disorders such as depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Lasselin
- Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Manfred Schedlowski
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Bianka Karshikoff
- Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Harald Engler
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Mats Lekander
- Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan Pieter Konsman
- Institute for Cognitive and Integrative Neuroscience, CNRS UMR 5287, University of Bordeaux, France
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Genetic susceptibility, inflammation and specific types of depressive symptoms: evidence from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:140. [PMID: 32398645 PMCID: PMC7217832 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-0815-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic susceptibility to depression has been established using polygenic scores, but the underlying mechanisms and the potentially differential effects of polygenic scores on specific types of depressive symptoms remain unknown. This study examined whether systemic low-grade inflammation mediated the association between polygenic scores for depressive symptomatology (DS-PGS) and subsequent somatic versus cognitive-affective depressive symptoms. The sample consisted of 3510 men and women (aged 50+) recruited from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. DS-PGS were derived using the results of a recent genome-wide association study. Plasma C-reactive protein (CRP) was measured at wave 6 (2012/13). Depressive symptoms were assessed at wave 8 (2016/17), using the eight-item version of the Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. Covariates (wave 2, 2004/05) included age, sex and ten principal components (PCs) to control for population stratification. Confirmatory factor analysis was performed to corroborate a previously identified two-factor structure of the CES-D, distinguishing between cognitive-affective and somatic symptoms. Longitudinal structural equation modelling was used to investigate the mediating role of CRP in the relationship between DS-PGS and cognitive-affective versus somatic symptoms. Our results showed that participants with a higher polygenic susceptibility to DS were significantly more likely to report cognitive-affective and somatic symptoms at follow-up. Mediation analyses revealed that CRP mediated the relationship between DS-PGS and somatic symptoms, but not the association between DS-PGS and cognitive-affective symptoms. These differential effects highlight the importance of considering individual differences in depression profiles in future studies. Ultimately, this will inform healthcare professionals to design more targeted treatments.
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Iob E, Kirschbaum C, Steptoe A. Persistent depressive symptoms, HPA-axis hyperactivity, and inflammation: the role of cognitive-affective and somatic symptoms. Mol Psychiatry 2020; 25:1130-1140. [PMID: 31435001 PMCID: PMC7192852 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-019-0501-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)-axis hyperactivity and inflammation are thought to be prominent in the aetiology of depression. Although meta-analyses have confirmed this relationship, there is considerable variability in the effect sizes across studies. This could be attributed to a differential role of such biological systems in somatic versus cognitive-affective depressive symptoms which remains largely unexplored. Furthermore, most longitudinal research to date has focused on transient rather than persistent depressive symptoms. In the current study, we investigated the associations of hair cortisol and plasma C-reactive protein (CRP) with the longitudinal persistence and dimensions (cognitive-affective versus somatic) of depressive symptoms over a 14-year period using Trait-State-Occasion (TSO) structural equation modelling. The data came from a large sample of older adults from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. Depressive symptoms were assessed from wave 1 (2002-03) to wave 8 (2016-17). Hair cortisol (N = 4761) and plasma CRP (N = 5784) were measured in wave 6 (2012-13). Covariates included demographic, socioeconomic, lifestyle, chronic disease, and medication data. Our results revealed that higher cortisol and CRP levels were significantly associated with persistent depressive symptoms across the study period. Notably, both biomarkers exhibited stronger relationships with somatic than with cognitive-affective symptoms. The associations with somatic symptoms were also independent of relevant confounding factors. In contrast, their associations with cognitive-affective symptoms were weak after adjustment for all covariates. These distinct associations reveal the importance of considering symptom-specific effects in future studies on pathophysiological mechanisms. Ultimately, this will have the potential to advance the search for biomarkers of depression and facilitate more targeted treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Iob
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Clemens Kirschbaum
- 0000 0001 2111 7257grid.4488.0Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Andrew Steptoe
- 0000000121901201grid.83440.3bDepartment of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK
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Straka K, Tran ML, Millwood S, Swanson J, Kuhlman KR. Aging as a Context for the Role of Inflammation in Depressive Symptoms. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:605347. [PMID: 33536949 PMCID: PMC7848015 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.605347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation has been implicated in the pathogenesis and maintenance of depressive symptoms. The role of inflammation in depressive symptomatology may be complex, varying within endophenotypes and across the lifespan. Aging is associated with myriad changes in the structure and function of the brain. Yet, little attention has been given to the role of inflammation in depressive symptoms within a lifespan developmental framework. In this study, we examined whether the association between inflammation and depressive symptom domains varied by age. Participants were a community sample of individuals (N = 2,077, Range = 30-84) who participated in the Biomarker projects of the MIDUS2, MIDUS Refresher, or the MIDJA study. Inflammation was indexed by two inflammatory markers consistently implicated in depressed individuals, interleukin 6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP), measured in blood. Depressive symptom domains, including depressed affect, anhedonia, somatic complaints, and interpersonal problems, were reported via the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D). Inflammatory markers were associated with more somatic complaints, more interpersonal problems, and less anhedonia. Age moderated the relationship between inflammatory markers and two depressive symptom subscales. Specifically, the positive association between inflammation and somatic complaints and the negative association between inflammation and anhedonia increased with age. These observations offer preliminary evidence from a large community sample that aging may be an important context for the role of inflammatory signaling in different aspects of psychological and behavioral well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelci Straka
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Mai-Lan Tran
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Summer Millwood
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - James Swanson
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Kate Ryan Kuhlman
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States.,Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, Unites States.,Interdisciplinary Institute for Salivary Bioscience Research, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
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Niedzwiecki MM, Rosa MJ, Solano-González M, Kloog I, Just AC, Martínez-Medina S, Schnaas L, Tamayo-Ortiz M, Wright RO, Téllez-Rojo MM, Wright RJ. Particulate air pollution exposure during pregnancy and postpartum depression symptoms in women in Mexico City. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 134:105325. [PMID: 31760258 PMCID: PMC7263529 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postpartum depression (PPD), which affects up to 1 in 5 mothers globally, negatively impacts the health of both mothers and children. Exposure to ambient air pollution has been linked to depressive symptoms in animal models and human studies, but the relationship between air pollution and PPD has not been widely studied. METHODS In a birth cohort in Mexico City (509 mothers with available data), we examined the association between exposure to particulate matter ≤2.5 μm in diameter (PM2.5) with symptoms of psychological dysfunction at 1 and 6 months postpartum. Daily PM2.5 estimates were derived from a hybrid satellite-based spatio-temporally resolved model and averaged over pregnancy and the first year postpartum. Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) scores at 1 and 6 months were used to assess the relationship between PM2.5 exposure and probable PPD (EPDS score ≥13) using relative risk regression and symptoms of anhedonia, depression, and anxiety (derived from EPDS subscales) using negative binomial regression. RESULTS A 5-μg/m3 increase in average PM2.5 exposure during pregnancy was associated with an increased risk of PPD at 6 months (RR = 1.59; 95% CI: 1.11 to 2.28) and of late-onset PPD (no PPD at 1 month, PPD at 6 months) (RR = 2.58; 95% CI: 1.40 to 4.73) in covariate-adjusted models. No association was observed between PM2.5 exposure in the first year postpartum and PPD. Average PM2.5 exposure during pregnancy was also associated with increased 6-month EPDS subscale symptom scores for anhedonia (p = 0.03) and depression (p = 0.04). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that in women in Mexico City, particulate matter exposure during pregnancy is positively associated with PPD and symptoms of anhedonia and depression at 6 months postpartum. Future studies should examine mechanisms linking air pollution and other environmental exposures during pregnancy with postpartum psychological functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan M Niedzwiecki
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; The Institute for Exposomics Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Maria José Rosa
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maritsa Solano-González
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Itai Kloog
- Department of Geography and Environmental Development, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O.B. 653, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Allan C Just
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; The Institute for Exposomics Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sandra Martínez-Medina
- Division of Community Interventions Research, National Institute of Perinatology, México City, Mexico
| | - Lourdes Schnaas
- Division of Community Interventions Research, National Institute of Perinatology, México City, Mexico
| | - Marcela Tamayo-Ortiz
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Robert O Wright
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; The Institute for Exposomics Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Martha M Téllez-Rojo
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Rosalind J Wright
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; The Institute for Exposomics Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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Clegg ILK, Rödel HG, Mercera B, van der Heul S, Schrijvers T, de Laender P, Gojceta R, Zimmitti M, Verhoeven E, Burger J, Bunskoek PE, Delfour F. Dolphins' Willingness to Participate ( WtP) in Positive Reinforcement Training as a Potential Welfare Indicator, Where WtP Predicts Early Changes in Health Status. Front Psychol 2019; 10:2112. [PMID: 31607979 PMCID: PMC6773886 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Welfare science has built its foundations on veterinary medicine and thus measures of health. Since bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) tend to mask symptoms of poor health, management in captivity would benefit from advanced understanding on the links between health and behavioural parameters, and few studies exist on the topic. In this study, four representative behavioural and health measures were chosen: health status (as qualified by veterinarians), percentage of daily food eaten, occurrences of new rake marks (proxy measure of social activity), and willingness to participate (WtP) in Positive Reinforcement Training sessions as qualitatively measured by their caretakers. These data were collected multiple times a day, every day over the course of a year from a multi-facility, large sample size (n dolphins = 51), allowing powerful analyses of the relationships between measures. First, it was found that dolphins with a higher WtP score also had a significantly better health status, ate a higher percentage of their daily food, and a lower occurrence of new rake marks. In addition, the WtP score was significantly lower up to 3 days before the weekly veterinary diagnosis of a decrease in health state; the percentage of daily food eaten and new rake mark measures did not show any significant change before such a diagnosis. These results suggest that WtP in training sessions is a potential behavioural measure of dolphin welfare, and an indicator of early changes in the dolphins' health state. We therefore suggest measurement of WtP as a more practical and non-invasive tool to support veterinary care and general management. More work needs to be conducted to elucidate the influence of social behaviour on health, and to identify other potential welfare indicators, but this long-term study has shown that qualitative measures can be both practical and valid when assessing dolphin welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella L. K. Clegg
- Animal Welfare Expertise, London, United Kingdom
- Laboratoire d’Ethologie Expérimentale et Comparée EA 4443, Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Villetaneuse, France
- Parc Astérix, Plailly, France
| | - Heiko G. Rödel
- Laboratoire d’Ethologie Expérimentale et Comparée EA 4443, Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Villetaneuse, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Martina Zimmitti
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Fabienne Delfour
- Laboratoire d’Ethologie Expérimentale et Comparée EA 4443, Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Villetaneuse, France
- Parc Astérix, Plailly, France
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Relationships between neural activation during a reward task and peripheral cytokine levels in youth with diverse psychiatric symptoms. Brain Behav Immun 2019; 80:374-383. [PMID: 30953769 PMCID: PMC6660409 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation has been hypothesized to contribute to reward dysfunction across psychiatric conditions, but little is known about this relationship in youth. Therefore, the present study investigated the associations between general and specific markers of inflammation and neural activation during reward processing, including anticipation and attainment, in youth with diverse psychiatric symptoms. METHODS Forty-six psychotropic medication-free youth with diverse psychiatric symptoms underwent a blood draw to measure 41 cytokines, as well as structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging. The Reward Flanker Task examined neural activation during reward anticipation and attainment. Relationships between inflammation and neural activation were assessed using data reduction techniques across the whole-brain, as well as in specific reward regions of interest (basal ganglia, anterior and mid-cingulate cortex [ACC/MCC]). RESULTS Whole-brain principal component analyses showed that factor 3 (12 cytokines: FGF-2, Flt3-L, fractalkine, GM-CSF, IFN-α2, IFN-γ, IL-3, IL-4, IL-7, IL-17A, MDC, and VEGF) was negatively correlated with precuneus/posterior cingulate cortex activity during anticipation. Factor 2 (11 cytokines: eotaxin, IL-1α, IL-1Rα, IL-2, IL-5, IL-9, IL-12p40, IL-13, IL-15, MCP-3, and TNF-β) was negatively correlated with angular gyrus activity during attainment. ROI analyses additionally showed that multiple cytokines were related to activity in the basal ganglia (EGF, FGF-2, Flt-3L, IL-2, IL-13, IL-15, IL-1Rα, MCP-3) and ACC/MCC (Flt-3L) during attainment. C-reactive protein (CRP) was not associated with neural activation. CONCLUSIONS Investigation of specific markers of immune function showed associations between inflammatory processes and activation of posterior default mode network, prefrontal cortex, and basal ganglia regions during multiple phases of reward processing.
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29
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Boyle CC, Kuhlman KR, Dooley LN, Haydon MD, Robles TF, Ang YS, Pizzagalli DA, Bower JE. Inflammation and dimensions of reward processing following exposure to the influenza vaccine. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2019; 102:16-23. [PMID: 30496908 PMCID: PMC6420390 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alterations in reward processing are a central feature of depression and may be influenced by inflammation. Indeed, inflammation is associated with deficits in reward-related processes in animal models and with dysregulation in reward-related neural circuitry in humans. However, the downstream behavioral manifestations of such impairments are rarely examined in humans. METHODS The influenza vaccination was used to elicit a mild inflammatory response in 41 healthy young adults (age range: 18-22, 30 female). Participants provided blood samples and completed behavioral measures of three key aspects of reward-reward motivation, reward learning, and reward sensitivity-before and 1 day after receiving the influenza vaccine. RESULTS The influenza vaccine led to mild but significant increases in circulating levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) (p < .001). Consistent with hypotheses, increases in IL-6 predicted lower reward motivation (p = .029). However, contrary to hypotheses, increases in IL-6 predicted increased performance on a reward learning task (p = .043) and were not associated with changes in reward sensitivity (p's > .288). CONCLUSIONS These findings contribute to an emerging literature on the nuanced associations between inflammation and reward and demonstrate that even mild alterations in inflammation are associated with multiple facets of reward processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe C. Boyle
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095,Corresponding Author: Chloe C. Boyle, PhD, Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Medical Plaza 300, Los Angeles, CA 90095,
| | - Kate R. Kuhlman
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095,School of Social Ecology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92497
| | | | - Marcie D. Haydon
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Theodore F. Robles
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Yuen-Siang Ang
- Department of Psychiatry and McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA 02478
| | - Diego A. Pizzagalli
- Department of Psychiatry and McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA 02478
| | - Julienne E. Bower
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095,Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
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30
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Ma L, Xu Y, Wang G, Li R. What do we know about sex differences in depression: A review of animal models and potential mechanisms. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2019; 89:48-56. [PMID: 30165122 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Clinical studies have shown that women are more susceptible to depression than men. Sex differences in depression have been associated with social, cultural, as well as biological factors. In spite of extensive preclinical studies in animal models for depression that have been used for understanding the mechanisms of the disease as well as for new drug development, a substantive lack of attention on sex-specific phenotypes in depression might mask the effect of sex on the outcome. In this review article, we summarize findings on the influence of sex on behavior in the most commonly used animal models for depression. We also discuss the potential underlying mechanisms of such sex-dependent variation in the phenotype, particularly in the neuroendocrine system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ma
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Yong Xu
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Gang Wang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100088, China.
| | - Rena Li
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100088, China; Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100012, China; Center for Hormone Advanced Science and Education, Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL 34243, USA.
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31
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Barua CC, Haloi P, Saikia B, Sulakhiya K, Pathak DC, Tamuli S, Rizavi H, Ren X. Zanthoxylum alatum abrogates lipopolysaccharide-induced depression-like behaviours in mice by modulating neuroinflammation and monoamine neurotransmitters in the hippocampus. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2018; 56:245-252. [PMID: 29569964 PMCID: PMC6130615 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2017.1391298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Depression is an inflammatory, commonly occurring and lethal psychiatric disorder having high lifetime prevalence. Zanthoxylum alatum Roxb. (Rutaceae), commonly called Timur, has high medicinal value and is used ethnomedicinally for the treatment of various diseases. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of hexane extract of Z. alatum seeds (ZAHE) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced depression-like behaviour in Swiss albino mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mice were treated with ZAHE (100 and 200 mg/kg, p.o.) and imipramine (10 mg/kg injected i.p.) for 14 days. On 14th day of the treatment, depression-like behaviour was induced by LPS (0.83 mg/kg injected i.p.) and after 24 h of LPS administration, it was assessed by measuring behavioural parameters and biochemical estimations. RESULTS Behavioural tests, including the open field test, forced swimming test, tail suspension test and sucrose preference test revealed that ZAHE (100 and 200 mg/kg, p.o.) and imipramine (10 mg/kg injected i.p.) alleviated the depression symptoms of LPS-induced mice. Moreover, ZAHE treatments reversed the LPS-induced alterations in the concentrations of norepinephrine and serotonin (5-HT) and inhibited the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxido-nitrosative stress in the mice. Acute toxicity was calculated to be LD50 > 2500 mg/kg. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS This study showed that LPS-induced depression in mice was significantly prevented by ZAHE at both the dosages. In conclusion, ZAHE exhibited an antidepressant activity by altering monoaminergic neurotransmitters in the brain combined with its anti-inflammatory potential. Thus, it could be an effective therapeutic against inflammation-induced depression and other brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandana Choudhury Barua
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Guwahati, India
| | - Prakash Haloi
- National Institute of Science Education and Research Bhubaneswar (HBNI), School of Biological Sciences, Khurdha, India
| | - Beenita Saikia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Guwahati, India
| | - Kunjbihari Sulakhiya
- Department of Pharmacy, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University (IGNTU), Amarkantak, India
| | | | - Shantanu Tamuli
- Department of Animal Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Guwahati, India
| | - Hooriah Rizavi
- Department of Psychiatry, Molecular Biology Research Building (MBRB), University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Xinguo Ren
- Department of Psychiatry, Molecular Biology Research Building (MBRB), University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
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32
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Dooley LN, Kuhlman KR, Robles TF, Eisenberger NI, Craske MG, Bower JE. The role of inflammation in core features of depression: Insights from paradigms using exogenously-induced inflammation. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 94:219-237. [PMID: 30201219 PMCID: PMC6192535 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A wealth of evidence has implicated inflammation in the development of depression. Yet, the heterogeneous nature of depression has impeded efforts to understand, prevent, and treat the disease. The purpose of this integrative review is to summarize the connections between inflammation and established core features of depression that exhibit more homogeneity than the syndrome itself: exaggerated reactivity to negative information, altered reward processing, decreased cognitive control, and somatic syndrome. For each core feature, we first provide a brief overview of its relevance to depression and neurobiological underpinnings, and then review evidence investigating a potential role of inflammation. We focus primarily on findings from experimental paradigms of exogenously-induced inflammation. We conclude that inflammation likely plays a role in exaggerated reactivity to negative information, altered reward reactivity, and somatic symptoms. There is less evidence supporting an effect of inflammation on cognitive control as assessed by standard neuropsychological measures. Finally, we discuss implications for future research and recommendationsfor how to test the role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of heterogeneous psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kate R Kuhlman
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Theodore F Robles
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Naomi I Eisenberger
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Michelle G Craske
- Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Julienne E Bower
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Freed RD, Mehra LM, Laor D, Patel M, Alonso CM, Kim-Schulze S, Gabbay V. Anhedonia as a clinical correlate of inflammation in adolescents across psychiatric conditions. World J Biol Psychiatry 2018; 20:712-722. [PMID: 29843560 PMCID: PMC6377856 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2018.1482000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: Peripheral inflammation has been associated with multiple psychiatric disorders, particularly with depression. However, findings remain inconsistent and unreproducible, most likely due to the disorder's heterogeneity in phenotypic presentation. Therefore, in the present study, in an effort to account for inter-individual differences in symptom severity, we utilised a dimensional approach to assess the relationships between a broad panel of inflammatory cytokines and key psychiatric symptoms (i.e. depression, anhedonia, anxiety, fatigue and suicidality) in adolescents across psychiatric disorders. We hypothesised that only anhedonia (reflecting deficits of reward function) will be associated with inflammation.Methods: Participants were 54 psychotropic medication-free adolescents with diverse psychiatric conditions and 22 healthy control (HC) adolescents, aged 12-20. We measured 41 cytokines after in vitro lipopolysaccharide stimulation. Mann-Whitney U and Spearman correlation tests examined group comparison and associations, respectively, while accounting for multiple comparisons and confounds, including depression severity adolescent.Results: There were no group differences in cytokine levels. However, as hypothesised, within the psychiatric group, only anhedonia was associated with 19 cytokines, including haematopoietic growth factors, chemokines, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and anti-inflammatory cytokines.Conclusions: Our findings suggest that general inflammation may induce reward dysfunction, which plays a salient role across psychiatric conditions, rather than be specific to one categorical psychiatric disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel D. Freed
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Pl, New York, NY
| | - Lushna M. Mehra
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Pl, New York, NY
| | - Daniel Laor
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Pl, New York, NY
| | - Manishkumar Patel
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Pl, New York, NY
| | - Carmen M. Alonso
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Pl, New York, NY
| | | | - Vilma Gabbay
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Pl, New York, NY,Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, 140 Old Orangeburg Rd, Orangeburg, NY
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Nguyen TTL, Chan LC, Borreginne K, Kale RP, Hu C, Tye SJ. A review of brain insulin signaling in mood disorders: From biomarker to clinical target. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 92:7-15. [PMID: 29758232 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Patients with mood disorders are at increased risk for metabolic dysfunction. Co-occurrence of the two conditions is typically associated with a more severe disease course and poorer treatment outcomes. The specific pathophysiological mechanisms underlying this bidirectional relationship between mood and metabolic dysfunction remains poorly understood. However, it is likely that impairment of metabolic processes within the brain play a critical role. The insulin signaling pathway mediates metabolic homeostasis and is important in the regulation of neurotrophic and synaptic plasticity processes, including those involved in neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's. Thus, insulin signaling in the brain may serve to link metabolic function and mood. Central insulin signaling is mediated through locally secreted insulin and widespread insulin receptor expression. Here we review the preclinical and clinical data addressing the relationships between central insulin signaling, cellular metabolism, neurotrophic processes, and mood regulation, including key points of mechanistic overlap. These relationships have important implications for developing biomarker-based diagnostics and precision medicine approaches to treat severe mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Thanh L Nguyen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, United States; Department of Biology and Psychology, Green Mountain College, 1 Brennan Cir, Poultney, VT, 05764, United States
| | - Lily C Chan
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, United States
| | - Kristin Borreginne
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, United States
| | - Rajas P Kale
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, United States; School of Engineering, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC, 3216, Australia
| | - Chunling Hu
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, United States
| | - Susannah J Tye
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, United States; Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, United States; Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, 3 Morrill Hall, 100 Church Street SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55454, United States; School of Psychology, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, 3125, Australia; Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
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Depression subtyping based on evolutionary psychiatry: Proximate mechanisms and ultimate functions. Brain Behav Immun 2018; 69:603-617. [PMID: 29051086 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2017.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder constitutes one of the leading causes of disability worldwide. However, it is not a unitary disease-it is a heterogeneous syndrome, with patients differing remarkably in symptom profile, pathophysiology and treatment responsiveness. Previous attempts to subtype major depressive disorder have showed limited clinical applicability. We present a classification of major depressive disorder episodes based on the proximate mechanisms that led to the original mood change that caused the depressive episode. We identify discrete depression subtypes that are induced by: 1) infection, 2) long-term stress, 3) loneliness, 4) traumatic experience, 5) hierarchy conflict, 6) grief, 7) romantic rejection, 8) postpartum events, 9) the season, 10) chemicals, 11) somatic diseases and 12) starvation. We further examine the ultimate functions of these subtypes and show that not all types of mood changes that trigger depression are adaptive. Instead, some are clearly maladaptive and some are byproducts of other adaptations. In modern societies, low mood after adverse life events may turn into a pathological depressive state. Modern lifestyle increases susceptibility to inflammatory dysregulation and chronic stress, both of which increase the amount of proinflammatory cytokines in peripheral blood, leading to low mood and sickness behaviour. Proinflammatory cytokines may aggravate the previously adaptive short-term mood changes to a chronic maladaptive depressive state by preventing the normalization of mood after adverse life events. Subtyping depression enables an effective and intelligent long-term treatment of patients in each subtype by treating the underlying causes of depression.
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Yeh CH, Hsieh LP, Lin MC, Wei TS, Lin HC, Chang CC, Hsing CH. Dexmedetomidine reduces lipopolysaccharide induced neuroinflammation, sickness behavior, and anhedonia. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191070. [PMID: 29351316 PMCID: PMC5774758 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Peripheral innate immune response may induce sickness behavior through activating microglia, excessive cytokines production, and neuroinflammation. Dexmedetomidine (Dex) has anti-inflammatory effect. We investigated the effects of Dex on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammation and sickness behavior in mice. Materials and methods BALB/c mice were intraperitoneally (i.p.) injected with Dex (50 ug/kg) or vehicle. One hour later, the mice were injected (i.p.) with Escherichia coli LPS (0.33 mg/kg) or saline (n = 6 in each group). We analyzed the food and water intake, body weight loss, and sucrose preference of the mice for 24h. We also determined microglia activation and cytokines expression in the brains of the mice. In vitro, we determine cytokines expression in LPS-treated BV-2 microglial cells with or without Dex treatment. Results In the Dex-pretreated mice, LPS-induced sickness behavior (anorexia, weight loss, and social withdrawal) were attenuated and microglial activation was lower than vehicle control. The mRNA expression of TNF-α, MCP-1, indoleamine 2, 3 dioxygenase (IDO), caspase-3, and iNOS were increased in the brain of LPS-challenged mice, which were reduced by Dex but not vehicle. Conclusion Dexmedetomidine diminished LPS-induced neuroinflammation in the mouse brain and modulated the cytokine-associated changes in sickness behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Hua Yeh
- Department of Medicinal Botanicals and Health applications, Da-Yeh University, Changhua, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Po Hsieh
- Department of Medicinal Botanicals and Health applications, Da-Yeh University, Changhua, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, Cheng Ching General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chung Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Tsui-Shan Wei
- Department of Medical Research, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ching Lin
- Department and Institute of Physiology, School of Medicine, and Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Neural Regenerative Medicine/Center for Neurotrauma and Neuroregeneration, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Cheng Chang
- Department of Medical Research, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hsi Hsing
- Department of Medical Research, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Positron-emission tomography (PET) imaging is a valuable research tool that enables in vivo quantification of molecular targets in the brain or of a physiologic process. PET imaging can be combined with various experimental and clinical model systems that are commonly used in psychoneuroimmunology research. As PET imaging can be used in animals and humans, promising results can therefore often be translated from an animal model to human disease.
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Adebesin A, Adeoluwa OA, Eduviere AT, Umukoro S. Methyl jasmonate attenuated lipopolysaccharide-induced depressive-like behaviour in mice. J Psychiatr Res 2017. [PMID: 28647678 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2017.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Depression is a recurrent neuropsychiatric disorder that affects millions of individuals worldwide and impact negatively on the patients' social functions and quality of life. Studies have shown that i.p injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces depressive-like behavior in rodents via induction of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. Methyl jasmonate (MJ), an isolated compound from jasmine plant has gained reputation in aromatherapy for treatment of depression, nervousness and memory deficits. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of MJ on LPS-induced depressive-like behavior in mice. Mice were given MJ (5-20 mg/kg), imipramine (10 mg/kg) or vehicle (10 mL/kg) intraperitoneally for 7 consecutive days. On day 7, treatment was carried out 30 min prior to i.p injection of LPS (830 μg/kg). Twenty four hours after LPS administration, tail suspension, forced swim and sucrose preference tests were carried out. Thereafter, serum corticosterone levels were determined using ELISA. The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were determined in brain tissue homogenates. LPS significantly increased immobility time in the tail suspension and forced swim tests when compared with vehicle (p < 0.05), which indicates depressive-like syndromes. However, the increased immobility time was significantly reduced by MJ (5-20 mg/kg) when compared with LPS-treated group. LPS administration also altered the levels of MDA, GSH, corticosterone and TNF alpha in mice, which was significantly reversed by MJ. These findings suggest that attenuation of LPS-induced depressive-like behavior by MJ may be related to suppression of oxidative stress and release of TNF alpha.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adaeze Adebesin
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Olusegun A Adeoluwa
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Anthony T Eduviere
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Solomon Umukoro
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.
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Casaril AM, Domingues M, Fronza M, Vieira B, Begnini K, Lenardão EJ, Seixas FK, Collares T, Nogueira CW, Savegnago L. Antidepressant-like effect of a new selenium-containing compound is accompanied by a reduction of neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in lipopolysaccharide-challenged mice. J Psychopharmacol 2017; 31:1263-1273. [PMID: 28661258 DOI: 10.1177/0269881117711713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Organoselenium compounds and indoles have gained attention due to their wide range of pharmacological properties. Depression is a recurrent and disabling psychiatric illness and current evidences support that oxidative stress and neuroinflammation are mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of this psychiatric condition. Here, we evaluated the effect of 3-((4-chlorophenyl)selanyl)-1-methyl-1H-indole (CMI) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced depressive-like behaviour, neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in male mice. CMI pre-treatment (20 and 50 mg/kg, intragastrically) significantly attenuated LPS (0.83 mg/kg, intraperitoneally)-induced depressive-like behaviour in mice by reducing the immobility time in the tail suspension test (TST) and forced swimming test (FST). CMI pre-treatment ameliorated LPS-induced neuroinflammation by reducing the levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-4 and IL-6 in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex, as well as markers of oxidative damage. Additionally, we investigated the toxicological effects of CMI (200 mg/kg, i.g.) in the liver, kidney and brain through determination of the activity of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), δ-aminolevulinate dehydratase (δ-ALA-D) and creatinine levels. These biomarkers were not modified, indicating the possible absence of neuro-, hepato- and nephrotoxic effects. Our results suggest that CMI could be a therapeutic approach for the treatment of depression and other neuropsychiatric disorders associated with inflammation and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela M Casaril
- 1 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia (PPGB), Grupo de Pesquisa em Neurobiotecnologia, Biotecnologia/Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Micaela Domingues
- 1 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia (PPGB), Grupo de Pesquisa em Neurobiotecnologia, Biotecnologia/Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Mariana Fronza
- 1 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia (PPGB), Grupo de Pesquisa em Neurobiotecnologia, Biotecnologia/Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Vieira
- 2 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química (PPGQ), Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa, Química/Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Karine Begnini
- 3 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia (PPGB), Grupo de Pesquisa em Oncologia Celular e Molecular, Laboratório de Genômica Funcional, Biotecnologia/Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Eder J Lenardão
- 2 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química (PPGQ), Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa, Química/Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Fabiana K Seixas
- 3 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia (PPGB), Grupo de Pesquisa em Oncologia Celular e Molecular, Laboratório de Genômica Funcional, Biotecnologia/Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Tiago Collares
- 3 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia (PPGB), Grupo de Pesquisa em Oncologia Celular e Molecular, Laboratório de Genômica Funcional, Biotecnologia/Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Cristina W Nogueira
- 4 Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Laboratório de Síntese, Reatividade e Avaliação Farmacológica e Toxicológica de Organocalcogênios, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Lucielli Savegnago
- 1 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia (PPGB), Grupo de Pesquisa em Neurobiotecnologia, Biotecnologia/Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
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Markov DD, Yatsenko KA, Inozemtseva LS, Grivennikov IA, Myasoedov NF, Dolotov OV. Systemic N-terminal fragments of adrenocorticotropin reduce inflammation- and stress-induced anhedonia in rats. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2017; 82:173-186. [PMID: 28551512 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence implicates impaired self-regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and inflammation as important and closely related components of the pathophysiology of major depression. Antidepressants show anti-inflammatory effects and are suggested to enhance glucocorticoid feedback inhibition of the HPA axis. HPA axis activity is also negatively self-regulated by the adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), a potent anti-inflammatory peptide activating five subtypes of melanocortin receptors (MCRs). There are indications that ACTH-mediated feedback can be activated by noncorticotropic N-terminal ACTH fragments such as a potent anti-inflammatory MC1/3/4/5R agonist α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH), corresponding to ACTH(1-13), and a MC3/5R agonist ACTH(4-10). We investigated whether intraperitoneal administration of rats with these peptides affects anhedonia, which is a core symptom of depression. Inflammation-related anhedonia was induced by a single intraperitoneal administration of a low dose (0.025mg/kg) of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Stress-related anhedonia was induced by the chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) procedure. The sucrose preference test was used to detect anhedonia. We found that ACTH(4-10) pretreatment decreased LPS-induced increase in serum corticosterone and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and a MC3/4R antagonist SHU9119 blocked this effect. Both α-MSH and ACTH(4-10) alleviated LPS-induced anhedonia. In the CUS model, these peptides reduced anhedonia and normalized body weight gain. The data indicate that systemic α-MSH and ACTH(4-10) produce an antidepressant-like effect on anhedonia induced by stress or inflammation, the stimuli that trigger the release of ACTH and α-MSH into the bloodstream. The results suggest a counterbalancing role of circulating melanocortins in depression and point to a new approach for antidepressant treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitrii D Markov
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kurchatov sq., 2, Moscow, 123182, Russia
| | - Ksenia A Yatsenko
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kurchatov sq., 2, Moscow, 123182, Russia
| | - Lyudmila S Inozemtseva
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kurchatov sq., 2, Moscow, 123182, Russia
| | - Igor A Grivennikov
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kurchatov sq., 2, Moscow, 123182, Russia
| | - Nikolai F Myasoedov
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kurchatov sq., 2, Moscow, 123182, Russia; Mental Health Research Center, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences Kashirskoe sh., 34, Moscow, 115522, Russia
| | - Oleg V Dolotov
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kurchatov sq., 2, Moscow, 123182, Russia.
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Shields GS, Moons WG, Slavich GM. Inflammation, Self-Regulation, and Health: An Immunologic Model of Self-Regulatory Failure. PERSPECTIVES ON PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2017; 12:588-612. [PMID: 28679069 DOI: 10.1177/1745691616689091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Self-regulation is a fundamental human process that refers to multiple complex methods by which individuals pursue goals in the face of distractions. Whereas superior self-regulation predicts better academic achievement, relationship quality, financial and career success, and lifespan health, poor self-regulation increases a person's risk for negative outcomes in each of these domains and can ultimately presage early mortality. Given its centrality to understanding the human condition, a large body of research has examined cognitive, emotional, and behavioral aspects of self-regulation. In contrast, relatively little attention has been paid to specific biologic processes that may underlie self-regulation. We address this latter issue in the present review by examining the growing body of research showing that components of the immune system involved in inflammation can alter neural, cognitive, and motivational processes that lead to impaired self-regulation and poor health. Based on these findings, we propose an integrated, multilevel model that describes how inflammation may cause widespread biobehavioral alterations that promote self-regulatory failure. This immunologic model of self-regulatory failure has implications for understanding how biological and behavioral factors interact to influence self-regulation. The model also suggests new ways of reducing disease risk and enhancing human potential by targeting inflammatory processes that affect self-regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - George M Slavich
- 3 Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology and Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles
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Loas G, Dalleau E, Lecointe H, Yon V. Relationships between anhedonia, alexithymia, impulsivity, suicidal ideation, recent suicide attempt, C-reactive protein and serum lipid levels among 122 inpatients with mood or anxious disorders. Psychiatry Res 2016; 246:296-302. [PMID: 27744231 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2016.09.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2015] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have explored the relationship between C-reactive protein (CRP), serum lipid levels, risk of suicide and alexithymia or impulsivity in mood or anxiety disorders. However, to date, no study has evaluated the effects of anhedonia on these parameters. The aim of the study was to evaluate the relationship between anhedonia, alexithymia, impulsivity, suicidal ideation, recent suicide attempt, C-reactive protein (CRP) and lipid levels in patients with mood or anxiety disorders. One hundred and twenty-two inpatients with mood or anxiety disorders were recruited. Alexithymia and impulsivity were rated by the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) and the Barratt impulsivity scale (BIS-10), respectively. Anhedonia and depression were rated by the Temporal Experience Pleasure Scale (TEPS) and the Beck Depression inventory (BDI-II). The TEPS contained two subscales rating anticipatory and consummatory anhedonia. From the BDI-II an anhedonia subscale was extracted rating anhedonia-state. Trait consummatory anhedonia and state anhedonia were associated with low levels of total cholesterol or HDL and low levels of triglycerides respectively. Trait anticipatory anhedonia and state anhedonia were associated with suicidal ideations. The difficulty of identifying feelings component of alexithymia was associated with low levels of total cholesterol and LDL. A high level of suicidal ideation was associated with low levels of HDL. Higher levels of CRP were found in inpatients having recently attempted suicide compared with inpatients who had not attempted suicide. In mood and anxiety disorders, anhedonia and the "difficulty of identifying feelings" component of alexithymia (which has previously been found to be associated with suicide risk) could explain the relationship between serum lipid levels and higher suicide risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwenolé Loas
- University Department of Psychiatry, Hôpital Nord, CHU d'Amiens, France; Department of Psychiatry, Hôpital Erasme, ULB, Bruxelles, Belgium.
| | - Elodie Dalleau
- University Department of Psychiatry, Hôpital Nord, CHU d'Amiens, France
| | - Héloïse Lecointe
- University Department of Psychiatry, Hôpital Nord, CHU d'Amiens, France
| | - Valérie Yon
- University Department of Psychiatry, Hôpital Nord, CHU d'Amiens, France
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Muscatell KA, Moieni M, Inagaki TK, Dutcher JM, Jevtic I, Breen EC, Irwin MR, Eisenberger NI. Exposure to an inflammatory challenge enhances neural sensitivity to negative and positive social feedback. Brain Behav Immun 2016; 57:21-29. [PMID: 27032568 PMCID: PMC5011017 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2016.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Revised: 03/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation, part of the body's innate immune response, can lead to "sickness behaviors," as well as alterations in social and affective experiences. Elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines have been associated with increased neural sensitivity to social rejection and social threat, but also decreased neural sensitivity to rewards. However, recent evidence suggests that inflammation may actually enhance sensitivity to certain social rewards, such as those that signal support and care. Despite a growing interest in how inflammation influences neural reactivity to positive and negative social experiences, no known studies have investigated these processes in the same participants, using a similar task. To examine this issue, 107 participants were randomly assigned to receive either placebo or low-dose endotoxin, which safely triggers an inflammatory response. When levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines were at their peak, participants were scanned using fMRI while they received positive, negative, and neutral feedback from an "evaluator" (actually a confederate) about how they came across in an audio-recorded interview. In response to negative feedback (vs. neutral), participants in the endotoxin condition showed heightened neural activity in a number of threat-related neural regions (i.e., bilateral amygdala, dorsal anterior cingulate cortex) and a key mentalizing-related region (i.e., dorsomedial PFC), compared to placebo participants. Interestingly, when receiving positive feedback (vs. neutral), endotoxin (vs. placebo) led to greater neural activity in the ventral striatum and ventromedial PFC, regions often implicated in processing reward, as well as greater activity in dorsomedial PFC. Together, these results reveal that individuals exposed to an inflammatory challenge are more "neurally sensitive" to both negative and positive social feedback, suggesting that inflammation may lead to a greater vigilance for both social threats and social rewards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keely A. Muscatell
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, United States
| | - Mona Moieni
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, United States
| | | | - Janine M. Dutcher
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Ivana Jevtic
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Elizabeth C. Breen
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, United States,Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, University of California, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Michael R. Irwin
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, United States,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, United States,Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, University of California, Los Angeles, United States
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Comorbidity between depression and inflammatory bowel disease explained by immune-inflammatory, oxidative, and nitrosative stress; tryptophan catabolite; and gut-brain pathways. CNS Spectr 2016; 21:184-98. [PMID: 26307347 DOI: 10.1017/s1092852915000449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The nature of depression has recently been reconceptualized, being conceived as the clinical expression of activated immune-inflammatory, oxidative, and nitrosative stress (IO&NS) pathways, including tryptophan catabolite (TRYCAT), autoimmune, and gut-brain pathways. IO&NS pathways are similarly integral to the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The increased depression prevalence in IBD associates with a lower quality of life and increased morbidity in IBD, highlighting the role of depression in modulating the pathophysiology of IBD.This review covers data within such a wider conceptualization that better explains the heightened co-occurrence of IBD and depression. Common IO&NS underpinning between both disorders is evidenced by increased pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, eg, interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-6 trans-signalling; Th-1- and Th-17-like responses; neopterin and soluble IL-2 receptor levels; positive acute phase reactants (haptoglobin and C-reactive protein); lowered levels of negative acute phase reactants (albumin, transferrin, zinc) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10 and transforming growth factor-β); increased O&NS with damage to lipids, proteinsm and DNA; increased production of nitric oxide (NO) and inducible NO synthase; lowered plasma tryptophan but increased TRYCAT levels; autoimmune responses; and increased bacterial translocation. As such, heightened IO&NS processes in depression overlap with the biological underpinnings of IBD, potentially explaining their increased co-occurrence. This supports the perspective that there is a spectrum of IO&NS disorders that includes depression, both as an emergent comorbidity and as a contributor to IO&NS processes. Such a frame of reference has treatment implications for IBD when "comorbid" with depression.
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Smith PJ, Attix DK, Weldon BC, Monk TG. Depressive Symptoms and Risk of Postoperative Delirium. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2016; 24:232-8. [PMID: 26923567 PMCID: PMC4801765 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous studies have shown that elevated depressive symptoms are associated with increased risk of postoperative delirium. However, to our knowledge no previous studies have examined whether different components of depression are differentially predictive of postoperative delirium. METHODS One thousand twenty patients were screened for postoperative delirium using the Confusion Assessment Method and through retrospective chart review. Patients underwent cognitive, psychosocial, and medical assessments preoperatively. Depression was assessed using the Geriatric Depression Scale-Short Form. RESULTS Thirty-eight patients developed delirium (3.7%). Using a factor structure previously validated among geriatric medical patients, the authors examined three components of depression as predictors of postoperative delirium: negative affect, cognitive distress, and behavioral inactivity. In multivariate analyses controlling for age, education, comorbidities, and cognitive function, the authors found that greater behavioral inactivity was associated with increased risk of delirium (OR: 1.95 [1.11, 3.42]), whereas negative affect (OR: 0.65 [0.31, 1.36]) and cognitive distress (OR: 0.95 [0.63, 1.43]) were not. CONCLUSION Different components of depression are differentially predictive of postoperative delirium among adults undergoing noncardiac surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J Smith
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Division of Medical Psychology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC.
| | - Deborah K. Attix
- Duke University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Division of Medical Psychology,Duke University Medical Center, Department of Neurology
| | - B. Craig Weldon
- University of Missouri-Columbia, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine
| | - Terri G. Monk
- University of Missouri-Columbia, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine
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Cheng Y, Pardo M, Armini RDS, Martinez A, Mouhsine H, Zagury JF, Jope RS, Beurel E. Stress-induced neuroinflammation is mediated by GSK3-dependent TLR4 signaling that promotes susceptibility to depression-like behavior. Brain Behav Immun 2016; 53:207-222. [PMID: 26772151 PMCID: PMC4783243 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2015.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Most psychiatric and neurological diseases are exacerbated by stress. Because this may partially result from stress-induced inflammation, we examined factors involved in this stress response. After a paradigm of inescapable foot shock stress that causes learned helplessness depression-like behavior, eighteen cytokines and chemokines increased in mouse hippocampus, peaking 6-12h after stress. A 24h prior pre-conditioning stress accelerated the rate of stress-induced hippocampal cytokine and chemokine increases, with most reaching peak levels after 1-3h, often without altering the maximal levels. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) was involved in this response because most stress-induced hippocampal cytokines and chemokines were attenuated in TLR4 knockout mice. Stress activated glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3) in wild-type mouse hippocampus, but not in TLR4 knockout mice. Administration of the antidepressant fluoxetine or the GSK3 inhibitor TDZD-8 reduced the stress-induced increases of most hippocampal cytokines and chemokines. Stress increased hippocampal levels of the danger-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) protein high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), activated the inflammatory transcription factor NF-κB, and the NLRP3 inflammasome. Knockdown of HMGB1 blocked the acceleration of cytokine and chemokine increases in the hippocampus caused by two successive stresses. Fluoxetine treatment blocked stress-induced up-regulation of HMGB1 and subsequent NF-κB activation, whereas TDZD-8 administration attenuated NF-κB activation downstream of HMGB1. To test if stress-induced cytokines and chemokines contribute to depression-like behavior, the learned helplessness model was assessed. Antagonism of TNFα modestly reduced susceptibility to learned helplessness induction, whereas TLR4 knockout mice were resistant to learned helplessness. Thus, stress-induces a broad inflammatory response in mouse hippocampus that involves TLR4, GSK3, and downstream inflammatory signaling, and these stress responses contribute to susceptibility to depression-like behavior in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyan Cheng
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, United States; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, United States
| | - Marta Pardo
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, United States; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, United States
| | - Rubia de Souza Armini
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, United States; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, United States
| | - Ana Martinez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas-CSIC, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Hadley Mouhsine
- Laboratoire Génomique, Bioinformatique et Applications, EA4627, Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, 75003 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Francois Zagury
- Laboratoire Génomique, Bioinformatique et Applications, EA4627, Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, 75003 Paris, France
| | - Richard S Jope
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, United States; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, United States.
| | - Eleonore Beurel
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, United States; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, United States.
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47
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Shaikh A, Dhadde SB, Durg S, Veerapur VP, Badami S, Thippeswamy BS, Patil JS. Effect of Embelin Against Lipopolysaccharide-induced Sickness Behaviour in Mice. Phytother Res 2016; 30:815-22. [PMID: 26890475 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashique Shaikh
- Sree Siddaganga College of Pharmacy; Tumkur 572 102 India
| | - Shivsharan B. Dhadde
- Sree Siddaganga College of Pharmacy; Tumkur 572 102 India
- VT's Shivajirao S. Jondhle College of Pharmacy; Asangaon 421 601 India
| | | | - V. P. Veerapur
- Sree Siddaganga College of Pharmacy; Tumkur 572 102 India
| | - S. Badami
- Sree Siddaganga College of Pharmacy; Tumkur 572 102 India
| | - B. S. Thippeswamy
- Sree Siddaganga College of Pharmacy; Tumkur 572 102 India
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Pharmacy; Shaqra University Al-Dawadmi; Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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48
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Sestan-Pesa M, Horvath TL. Metabolism and Mental Illness. Trends Mol Med 2016; 22:174-183. [PMID: 26776095 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Over the past century, overwhelming evidence has emerged pointing to the hypothalamus of the central nervous system (CNS) as a crucial regulator of systemic control of metabolism, including appetite and feeding behavior. Appetite (or hunger) is a fundamental driver of survival, involving complex behaviors governed by various parts of the brain, including the cerebral cortex. Here, we provide an overview of basic metabolic principles affecting the CNS and discuss their relevance to physiological and pathological conditions of higher brain functions. These novel perspectives may well provide new insights into future research strategies to facilitate the development of novel therapies for treating mental illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matija Sestan-Pesa
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Tamas L Horvath
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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49
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Role of Inflammation in the Development of Neuropsychiatric Symptom Domains: Evidence and Mechanisms. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2016; 31:31-44. [PMID: 27221626 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2016_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The finding that inflammatory markers are elevated in various neuropsychiatric disorders raises the need of identifying the precise research domain criteria driven by inflammation. Based on the model of inflammation-induced depression it has been possible to identify distinct pathophysiological pathways leading to alterations in neurotransmitter metabolism with specific relevance for the development of symptom constellations that are common to various neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative conditions. Moreover, converging data indicate that these pathways interact with relevant vulnerability factors and modulatory systems to ultimately impact the presentation of inflammation-driven neuropsychiatric symptoms. Altogether, these findings make inflammation a key pivotal factor in psychopathology. Developing treatments that target inflammation and modulate the pathways and systems by which inflammatory processes selectively affect brain function will be of particular relevance for the treatment of specific neurobehavioral symptom domains.
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50
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Jo WK, Zhang Y, Emrich HM, Dietrich DE. Glia in the cytokine-mediated onset of depression: fine tuning the immune response. Front Cell Neurosci 2015. [PMID: 26217190 PMCID: PMC4498101 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a mood disorder of multifactorial origin affecting millions of people worldwide. The alarming estimated rates of prevalence and relapse make it a global public health concern. Moreover, the current setback of available antidepressants in the clinical setting is discouraging. Therefore, efforts to eradicate depression should be directed towards understanding the pathomechanisms involved in the hope of finding cost-effective treatment alternatives. The pathophysiology of MDD comprises the breakdown of different pathways, including the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, the glutamatergic system, and monoaminergic neurotransmission, affecting cognition and emotional behavior. Inflammatory cytokines have been postulated to be the possible link and culprit in the disruption of these systems. In addition, evidence from different studies suggests that impairment of glial functions appears to be a major contributor as well. Thus, the intricate role between glia, namely microglia and astrocytes, and the central nervous system's (CNSs) immune response is briefly discussed, highlighting the kynurenine pathway as a pivotal player. Moreover, evaluations of different treatment strategies targeting the inflammatory response are considered. The immuno-modulatory properties of vitamin D receptor (VDR) suggest that vitamin D is an attractive and plausible candidate in spite of controversial findings. Further research investigating the role of VDR in mood disorders is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy K Jo
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Hannover, Germany
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Clinic for Mental Health, Hannover Medical School Hannover, Germany
| | - Hinderk M Emrich
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Hannover, Germany ; Clinic for Mental Health, Hannover Medical School Hannover, Germany
| | - Detlef E Dietrich
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Hannover, Germany ; Clinic for Mental Health, Hannover Medical School Hannover, Germany ; Burghof-Klinik Rinteln, Germany
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