1
|
Hushmandi K, Saadat SH, Raei M, Aref AR, Reiter RJ, Nabavi N, Taheriazam A, Hashemi M. The science of exosomes: Understanding their formation, capture, and role in cellular communication. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 259:155388. [PMID: 38850846 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) serve as a crucial method for transferring information among cells, which is vital in multicellular organisms. Among these vesicles, exosomes are notable for their small size, ranging from 20 to 150 nm, and their role in cell-to-cell communication. They carry lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids between cells. The creation of exosomes begins with the inward budding of the cell membrane, which then encapsulates various macromolecules as cargo. Once filled, exosomes are released into the extracellular space and taken up by target cells via endocytosis and similar processes. The composition of exosomal cargo varies, encompassing diverse macromolecules with specific functions. Because of their significant roles, exosomes have been isolated from various cell types, including cancer cells, endothelial cells, macrophages, and mesenchymal cells, with the aim of harnessing them for therapeutic applications. Exosomes influence cellular metabolism, and regulate lipid, glucose, and glutamine pathways. Their role in pathogenesis is determined by their cargo, which can manipulate processes such as apoptosis, proliferation, inflammation, migration, and other molecular pathways in recipient cells. Non-coding RNA transcripts, a common type of cargo, play a pivotal role in regulating disease progression. Exosomes are implicated in numerous biological and pathological processes, including inflammation, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, wound healing, and ischemic-reperfusion injury. As a result, they hold significant potential in the treatment of both cancerous and non-cancerous conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kiavash Hushmandi
- Nephrology and Urology Research Center, Clinical Sciences Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Seyed Hassan Saadat
- Nephrology and Urology Research Center, Clinical Sciences Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Raei
- Health Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Reza Aref
- Department of Translational Sciences, Xsphera Biosciences Inc. Boston, MA, USA; Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health San Antonio, Long School of Medicine, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Noushin Nabavi
- Department of Urologic Sciences and Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, V6H3Z6, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Afshin Taheriazam
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mehrdad Hashemi
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hasaniani N, Nouri S, Shirzad M, Rostami-Mansoor S. Potential therapeutic and diagnostic approaches of exosomes in multiple sclerosis pathophysiology. Life Sci 2024; 347:122668. [PMID: 38670451 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Exosomes are bilayer lipid vesicles that are released by cells and contain proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids. They can be internalized by other cells, inducing inflammatory responses and instigating toxicities in the recipient cells. Exosomes can also serve as therapeutic vehicles by transporting protective cargo to maintain homeostasis. Multiple studies have shown that exosomes can initiate and participate in the regulation of neuroinflammation, improve neurogenesis, and are closely related to the pathogenesis of central nervous system (CNS) diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS). Exosomes can be secreted by both neurons and glial cells in the CNS, and their contents change with disease occurrence. Due to their ability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier and their stability in peripheral fluids, exosomes are attractive biomarkers of CNS diseases. In recent years, exosomes have emerged as potential therapeutic agents for CNS diseases, including MS. However, the molecular pathways in the pathogenesis of MS are still unknown, and further research is needed to fully understand the role of exosomes in the occurrence or improvement of MS disease. Thereby, in this review, we intend to provide a more complete understanding of the pathways in which exosomes are involved and affect the occurrence or improvement of MS disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nima Hasaniani
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Sina Nouri
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Moein Shirzad
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Sahar Rostami-Mansoor
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Manna I, De Benedittis S, Porro D. Extracellular Vesicles in Multiple Sclerosis: Their Significance in the Development and Possible Applications as Therapeutic Agents and Biomarkers. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:772. [PMID: 38927708 PMCID: PMC11203165 DOI: 10.3390/genes15060772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are "micro-shuttles" that play a role as mediators of intercellular communication. Cells release EVs into the extracellular environment in both physiological and pathological conditions and are involved in intercellular communication, due to their ability to transfer proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, and in the modulation of the immune system and neuroinflammation. Because EVs can penetrate the blood-brain barrier and move from the central nervous system to the peripheral circulation, and vice versa, recent studies have shown a substantial role for EVs in several neurological diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS). MS is a demyelinating disease where the main event is caused by T and B cells triggering an autoimmune reaction against myelin constituents. Recent research has elucidate the potential involvement of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in the pathophysiology of MS, although, to date, their potential role both as agents and therapeutic targets in MS is not fully defined. We present in this review a summary and comprehensive examination of EVs' involvement in the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis, exploring their potential applications as biomarkers and indicators of therapy response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ida Manna
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology (IBFM), National Research Council (CNR), Section of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Selene De Benedittis
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council (CNR), 87050 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Danilo Porro
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology (IBFM), National Research Council (CNR), Segrate, 20054 Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Su H, Masters CL, Bush AI, Barnham KJ, Reid GE, Vella LJ. Exploring the significance of lipids in Alzheimer's disease and the potential of extracellular vesicles. Proteomics 2024; 24:e2300063. [PMID: 37654087 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202300063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Lipids play a significant role in maintaining central nervous system (CNS) structure and function, and the dysregulation of lipid metabolism is known to occur in many neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease. Here we review what is currently known about lipid dyshomeostasis in Alzheimer's disease. We propose that small extracellular vesicle (sEV) lipids may provide insight into the pathophysiology and progression of Alzheimer's disease. This stems from the recognition that sEV likely contributes to disease pathogenesis, but also an understanding that sEV can serve as a source of potential biomarkers. While the protein and RNA content of sEV in the CNS diseases have been studied extensively, our understanding of the lipidome of sEV in the CNS is still in its infancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huaqi Su
- The Florey, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Colin L Masters
- The Florey, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ashley I Bush
- The Florey, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kevin J Barnham
- The Florey, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gavin E Reid
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Laura J Vella
- The Florey, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Surgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Guo X, Hu F, Yong Z, Zhao S, Wan Y, Wang B, Peng N. Magnetic Nanoparticle-Based Microfluidic Platform for Automated Enrichment of High-Purity Extracellular Vesicles. Anal Chem 2024; 96:7212-7219. [PMID: 38660946 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c00795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are available in various biological fluids and have highly heterogeneous sizes, origins, contents, and functions. Rapid enrichment of high-purity EVs remains crucial for enhancing research on EVs in tumors. In this work, we present a magnetic nanoparticle-based microfluidic platform (ExoCPR) for on-chip isolation, purification, and mild recovery of EVs from cell culture supernatant and plasma within 29 min. The ExoCPR chip integrates bubble-driven micromixers and immiscible filtration assisted by surface tension (IFAST) technology. The bubble-driven micromixer enhances the mixing between immunomagnetic beads and EVs, eliminating the need for manual pipetting or off-chip oscillatory incubation. The high-purity EVs were obtained after passing through the immiscible phase interface where hydrophilic or hydrophobic impurities nonspecifically bound to SIMI were removed. The ExoCPR chip had a capture efficiency of 75.8% and a release efficiency of 62.7% for model EVs. We also demonstrated the powerful performance of the ExoCPR in isolating EVs from biological samples (>90% purity). This chip was further employed in clinical plasma samples and showed that the number of GPC3-positive EVs isolated from hepatocellular carcinoma patients was significantly higher than that of healthy individuals. This ExoCPR chip may provide a promising tool for EV-based liquid biopsy and other fundamental research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoniu Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fei Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhang Yong
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shuhao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yong Wan
- Department of Geriatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bingqing Wang
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Biomedical Testing and High-End Equipment, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Niancai Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Biomedical Testing and High-End Equipment, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Escoubas CC, Molofsky AV. Microglia as integrators of brain-associated molecular patterns. Trends Immunol 2024; 45:358-370. [PMID: 38658221 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2024.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Microglia are brain-resident macrophages that play key roles in brain development and experience dependent plasticity. In this review we discuss recent findings regarding the molecular mechanisms through which mammalian microglia sense the unique molecular patterns of the homeostatic brain. We propose that microglial function is acutely controlled in response to 'brain-associated molecular patterns' (BAMPs) that function as indicators of neuronal activity and neural circuit remodeling. A further layer of regulation comes from instructive cytokine cues that define unique microglial functional states. A systematic investigation of the receptors and signaling pathways that mediate these two regulatory axes may begin to define a functional code for microglia-neuron interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline C Escoubas
- Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences/Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Anna V Molofsky
- Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences/Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Alzahrani FA, Riza YM, Eid TM, Almotairi R, Scherschinski L, Contreras J, Nadeem M, Perez SE, Raikwar SP, Jha RM, Preul MC, Ducruet AF, Lawton MT, Bhatia K, Akhter N, Ahmad S. Exosomes in Vascular/Neurological Disorders and the Road Ahead. Cells 2024; 13:670. [PMID: 38667285 PMCID: PMC11049650 DOI: 10.3390/cells13080670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Huntington's disease (HD), stroke, and aneurysms, are characterized by the abnormal accumulation and aggregation of disease-causing proteins in the brain and spinal cord. Recent research suggests that proteins linked to these conditions can be secreted and transferred among cells using exosomes. The transmission of abnormal protein buildup and the gradual degeneration in the brains of impacted individuals might be supported by these exosomes. Furthermore, it has been reported that neuroprotective functions can also be attributed to exosomes in neurodegenerative diseases. The potential neuroprotective functions may play a role in preventing the formation of aggregates and abnormal accumulation of proteins associated with the disease. The present review summarizes the roles of exosomes in neurodegenerative diseases as well as elucidating their therapeutic potential in AD, PD, ALS, HD, stroke, and aneurysms. By elucidating these two aspects of exosomes, valuable insights into potential therapeutic targets for treating neurodegenerative diseases may be provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faisal A. Alzahrani
- Department of Biochemistry, King Fahad Center for Medical Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasir M. Riza
- Department of Biochemistry, King Fahad Center for Medical Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thamir M. Eid
- Department of Biochemistry, King Fahad Center for Medical Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reema Almotairi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Prince Fahad bin Sultan Chair for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lea Scherschinski
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Neurological Institute, St Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA (J.C.)
| | - Jessica Contreras
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Neurological Institute, St Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA (J.C.)
| | - Muhammed Nadeem
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Neurological Institute, St Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA (J.C.)
| | - Sylvia E. Perez
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Neurological Institute, St Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA (J.C.)
| | - Sudhanshu P. Raikwar
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Neurological Institute, St Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA (J.C.)
| | - Ruchira M. Jha
- Department of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
| | - Mark C. Preul
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
| | - Andrew F. Ducruet
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
| | - Michael T. Lawton
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
| | - Kanchan Bhatia
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University, Glendale, AZ 85306, USA
| | - Naseem Akhter
- Department of Biology, Arizona State University, Lake Havasu City, AZ 86403, USA
| | - Saif Ahmad
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Neurological Institute, St Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA (J.C.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
- Phoenix Veterans Affairs (VA) Health Care System, Phoenix, AZ 85012, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Onkar A, Khan F, Goenka A, Rajendran RL, Dmello C, Hong CM, Mubin N, Gangadaran P, Ahn BC. Smart Nanoscale Extracellular Vesicles in the Brain: Unveiling their Biology, Diagnostic Potential, and Therapeutic Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:6709-6742. [PMID: 38315446 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c16839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Information exchange is essential for the brain, where it communicates the physiological and pathological signals to the periphery and vice versa. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a heterogeneous group of membrane-bound cellular informants actively transferring informative calls to and from the brain via lipids, proteins, and nucleic acid cargos. In recent years, EVs have also been widely used to understand brain function, given their "cell-like" properties. On the one hand, the presence of neuron and astrocyte-derived EVs in biological fluids have been exploited as biomarkers to understand the mechanisms and progression of multiple neurological disorders; on the other, EVs have been used in designing targeted therapies due to their potential to cross the blood-brain-barrier (BBB). Despite the expanding literature on EVs in the context of central nervous system (CNS) physiology and related disorders, a comprehensive compilation of the existing knowledge still needs to be made available. In the current review, we provide a detailed insight into the multifaceted role of brain-derived extracellular vesicles (BDEVs) in the intricate regulation of brain physiology. Our focus extends to the significance of these EVs in a spectrum of disorders, including brain tumors, neurodegenerative conditions, neuropsychiatric diseases, autoimmune disorders, and others. Throughout the review, parallels are drawn for using EVs as biomarkers for various disorders, evaluating their utility in early detection and monitoring. Additionally, we discuss the promising prospects of utilizing EVs in targeted therapy while acknowledging the existing limitations and challenges associated with their applications in clinical scenarios. A foundational comprehension of the current state-of-the-art in EV research is essential for informing the design of future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Onkar
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Fatima Khan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Anshika Goenka
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Ramya Lakshmi Rajendran
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Crismita Dmello
- Department of Neurological Surgery and Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Chae Moon Hong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Nida Mubin
- Department of Medicine, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Prakash Gangadaran
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
- BK21 FOUR KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong-Cheol Ahn
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
- BK21 FOUR KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Balbi C, Parisse P, Vondracek H, Lazzarini E, Bolis S, Fertig TE, Gherghiceanu M, Barile L, Vassalli G. Impact of Isolation Methods on Extracellular Vesicle Functionality In Vitro and In Vivo. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2024; 8:e2300185. [PMID: 37884455 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
This study compares the impact of two isolation methods, ultracentrifugation (UC) and size exclusion chromatography (SEC), on small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) from primary human cardiac mesenchymal-derived progenitor cells (CPCs). sEV_UC and sEV_SEC exhibit similar size, marker expression, and miRNA cargo, but sEV_UC contains notably higher total protein levels. In vitro assays show that sEV_UC, despite an equal particle count, induces more robust ERK phosphorylation, cytoprotection, and proliferation in iPS-derived cardiomyocytes (iPS-CMs) compared to sEV_SEC. sEV_UC also contains elevated periostin (POSTN) protein levels, resulting in enhanced focal adhesion kinase (FAK) phosphorylation in iPS-CMs. Importantly, this effect persists with treatment with soluble free-sEV protein fraction from SEC (Prote_SEC), indicating that free proteins like POSTN in sEV_UC enhance FAK phosphorylation. In vivo, sEV contamination with soluble proteins doesn't affect cardiac targeting or FAK phosphorylation, underscoring the intrinsic tissue targeting properties of sEV. These findings emphasize the need for standardized sEV isolation methods, as the choice of method can impact experimental outcomes, particularly in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Balbi
- Laboratories for Translational Research, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, 6500, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Istituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, 6900, Switzerland
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Zurich, 8952, Switzerland
| | - Pietro Parisse
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, Trieste, 34149, Italy
- CNR-IOM, Trieste, 34149, Italy
| | | | - Edoardo Lazzarini
- Laboratories for Translational Research, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, 6500, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Theranostics, Istituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, 6900, Switzerland
| | - Sara Bolis
- Laboratories for Translational Research, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, 6500, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Istituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, 6900, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Theranostics, Istituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, 6900, Switzerland
| | - Tudor E Fertig
- Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, 022322, Romania
| | | | - Lucio Barile
- Laboratories for Translational Research, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, 6500, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Theranostics, Istituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, 6900, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana (USI), Lugano, 6900, Switzerland
- Institute of Life Science, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, 56127, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Vassalli
- Laboratories for Translational Research, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, 6500, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Istituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, 6900, Switzerland
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Zurich, 8952, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana (USI), Lugano, 6900, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hong B, Ohtake Y, Itokazu T, Yamashita T. Glial senescence enhances α-synuclein pathology owing to its insufficient clearance caused by autophagy dysfunction. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:50. [PMID: 38272865 PMCID: PMC10811334 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-01816-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by the pathological accumulation of α-synuclein (α-syn) and loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Aging is a significant risk factor for PD. The accumulation of senescent glial cells in the aged brain contributes to PD progression by inducing chronic neuroinflammatory processes. However, although the insufficient degradation of α-syn aggregates results in PD deterioration, the possible alteration in the ability of α-syn clearance in senescent glia has received little attention. In this study, we investigated how aging and glial senescence affect the capacity of α-syn clearance. We found that following the intra-striatal injection of human α-syn (hu-α-syn) preformed fibril, hu-α-syn pathology persisted more in aged mice compared with younger mice and that aged microglia exhibited greater accumulation of hu-α-syn than younger microglia. Moreover, in vitro assay revealed that the clearance of hu-α-syn was primarily dependent on the autophagy-lysosome system rather than on the ubiquitin-proteasome system and that the capacity of hu-α-syn clearance was diminished in senescent glia because of autophagy-lysosome system dysfunction. Overall, this study provides new insights into the role of senescent glia in PD pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Hong
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Yosuke Ohtake
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- Department of Neuro-Medical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Takahide Itokazu
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.
- Department of Neuro-Medical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.
| | - Toshihide Yamashita
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.
- Department of Neuro-Medical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.
- WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Tagliatti E, Desiato G, Mancinelli S, Bizzotto M, Gagliani MC, Faggiani E, Hernández-Soto R, Cugurra A, Poliseno P, Miotto M, Argüello RJ, Filipello F, Cortese K, Morini R, Lodato S, Matteoli M. Trem2 expression in microglia is required to maintain normal neuronal bioenergetics during development. Immunity 2024; 57:86-105.e9. [PMID: 38159572 PMCID: PMC10783804 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (Trem2) is a myeloid cell-specific gene expressed in brain microglia, with variants that are associated with neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease. Trem2 is essential for microglia-mediated synaptic refinement, but whether Trem2 contributes to shaping neuronal development remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that Trem2 plays a key role in controlling the bioenergetic profile of pyramidal neurons during development. In the absence of Trem2, developing neurons in the hippocampal cornus ammonis (CA)1 but not in CA3 subfield displayed compromised energetic metabolism, accompanied by reduced mitochondrial mass and abnormal organelle ultrastructure. This was paralleled by the transcriptional rearrangement of hippocampal pyramidal neurons at birth, with a pervasive alteration of metabolic, oxidative phosphorylation, and mitochondrial gene signatures, accompanied by a delay in the maturation of CA1 neurons. Our results unveil a role of Trem2 in controlling neuronal development by regulating the metabolic fitness of neurons in a region-specific manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erica Tagliatti
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy; Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Genni Desiato
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Mancinelli
- Humanitas University, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Via Levi Montalicini 4, Pieve Emanuele 20072 Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Bizzotto
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy; Humanitas University, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Via Levi Montalicini 4, Pieve Emanuele 20072 Milan, Italy
| | - Maria C Gagliani
- Cellular Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), Human Anatomy, Università di Genova, Via Antonio de Toni 14, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Elisa Faggiani
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Cugurra
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Poliseno
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Miotto
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
| | - Rafael J Argüello
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Fabia Filipello
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Katia Cortese
- Cellular Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), Human Anatomy, Università di Genova, Via Antonio de Toni 14, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Raffaella Morini
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Lodato
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy; Humanitas University, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Via Levi Montalicini 4, Pieve Emanuele 20072 Milan, Italy
| | - Michela Matteoli
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy; Institute of Neuroscience - National Research Council, 20139 Milan, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Waury K, Gogishvili D, Nieuwland R, Chatterjee M, Teunissen CE, Abeln S. Proteome encoded determinants of protein sorting into extracellular vesicles. JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 3:e120. [PMID: 38938677 PMCID: PMC11080751 DOI: 10.1002/jex2.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membranous structures released by cells into the extracellular space and are thought to be involved in cell-to-cell communication. While EVs and their cargo are promising biomarker candidates, sorting mechanisms of proteins to EVs remain unclear. In this study, we ask if it is possible to determine EV association based on the protein sequence. Additionally, we ask what the most important determinants are for EV association. We answer these questions with explainable AI models, using human proteome data from EV databases to train and validate the model. It is essential to correct the datasets for contaminants introduced by coarse EV isolation workflows and for experimental bias caused by mass spectrometry. In this study, we show that it is indeed possible to predict EV association from the protein sequence: a simple sequence-based model for predicting EV proteins achieved an area under the curve of 0.77 ± 0.01, which increased further to 0.84 ± 0.00 when incorporating curated post-translational modification (PTM) annotations. Feature analysis shows that EV-associated proteins are stable, polar, and structured with low isoelectric point compared to non-EV proteins. PTM annotations emerged as the most important features for correct classification; specifically, palmitoylation is one of the most prevalent EV sorting mechanisms for unique proteins. Palmitoylation and nitrosylation sites are especially prevalent in EV proteins that are determined by very strict isolation protocols, indicating they could potentially serve as quality control criteria for future studies. This computational study offers an effective sequence-based predictor of EV associated proteins with extensive characterisation of the human EV proteome that can explain for individual proteins which factors contribute to their EV association.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Waury
- Department of Computer ScienceVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Dea Gogishvili
- Department of Computer ScienceVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Rienk Nieuwland
- Laboratory of Experimental Clinical Chemistry, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Vesicle Observation Centre, Amsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | | | - Charlotte E. Teunissen
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMCVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Sanne Abeln
- Department of Computer ScienceVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Centrum Wiskunde & InformaticaAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wies Mancini VSB, Mattera VS, Pasquini JM, Pasquini LA, Correale JD. Microglia-derived extracellular vesicles in homeostasis and demyelination/remyelination processes. J Neurochem 2024; 168:3-25. [PMID: 38055776 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.16011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Microglia (MG) play a crucial role as the predominant myeloid cells in the central nervous system and are commonly activated in multiple sclerosis. They perform essential functions under normal conditions, such as actively surveying the surrounding parenchyma, facilitating synaptic remodeling, engulfing dead cells and debris, and protecting the brain against infectious pathogens and harmful self-proteins. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are diverse structures enclosed by a lipid bilayer that originate from intracellular endocytic trafficking or the plasma membrane. They are released by cells into the extracellular space and can be found in various bodily fluids. EVs have recently emerged as a communication mechanism between cells, enabling the transfer of functional proteins, lipids, different RNA species, and even fragments of DNA from donor cells. MG act as both source and recipient of EVs. Consequently, MG-derived EVs are involved in regulating synapse development and maintaining homeostasis. These EVs also directly influence astrocytes, significantly increasing the release of inflammatory cytokines like IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, resulting in a robust inflammatory response. Furthermore, EVs derived from inflammatory MG have been found to inhibit remyelination, whereas Evs produced by pro-regenerative MG effectively promote myelin repair. This review aims to provide an overview of the current understanding of MG-derived Evs, their impact on neighboring cells, and the cellular microenvironment in normal conditions and pathological states, specifically focusing on demyelination and remyelination processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V S B Wies Mancini
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Química Biológica Patológica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas Prof. Dr. Alejandro C. Paladini, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - V S Mattera
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Química Biológica Patológica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas Prof. Dr. Alejandro C. Paladini, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - J M Pasquini
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Química Biológica Patológica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas Prof. Dr. Alejandro C. Paladini, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - L A Pasquini
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Química Biológica Patológica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas Prof. Dr. Alejandro C. Paladini, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - J D Correale
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Química Biológica Patológica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Neurología, Fleni, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Bratengeier C, Johansson L, Liszka A, Bakker AD, Hallbeck M, Fahlgren A. Mechanical loading intensities affect the release of extracellular vesicles from mouse bone marrow-derived hematopoietic progenitor cells and change their osteoclast-modulating effect. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23323. [PMID: 38015031 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301520r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Low-intensity loading maintains or increases bone mass, whereas lack of mechanical loading and high-intensity loading decreases bone mass, possibly via the release of extracellular vesicles by mechanosensitive bone cells. How different loading intensities alter the biological effect of these vesicles is not fully understood. Dynamic fluid shear stress at low intensity (0.7 ± 0.3 Pa, 5 Hz) or high intensity (2.9 ± 0.2 Pa, 1 Hz) was used on mouse hematopoietic progenitor cells for 2 min in the presence or absence of chemical compounds that inhibit release or biogenesis of extracellular vesicles. We used a Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand-induced osteoclastogenesis assay to evaluate the biological effect of different fractions of extracellular vesicles obtained through centrifugation of medium from hematopoietic stem cells. Osteoclast formation was reduced by microvesicles (10 000× g) obtained after low-intensity loading and induced by exosomes (100 000× g) obtained after high-intensity loading. These osteoclast-modulating effects could be diminished or eliminated by depletion of extracellular vesicles from the conditioned medium, inhibition of general extracellular vesicle release, inhibition of microvesicle biogenesis (low intensity), inhibition of ESCRT-independent exosome biogenesis (high intensity), as well as by inhibition of dynamin-dependent vesicle uptake in osteoclast progenitor cells. Taken together, the intensity of mechanical loading affects the release of extracellular vesicles and change their osteoclast-modulating effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Bratengeier
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - L Johansson
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - A Liszka
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - A D Bakker
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Hallbeck
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - A Fahlgren
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Guo ZY, Tang Y, Cheng YC. Exosomes as Targeted Delivery Drug System: Advances in Exosome Loading, Surface Functionalization and Potential for Clinical Application. Curr Drug Deliv 2024; 21:473-487. [PMID: 35702803 DOI: 10.2174/1567201819666220613150814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are subtypes of vesicles secreted by almost all cells and can play an important role in intercellular communication. They contain various proteins, lipids, nucleic acids and other natural substances from their metrocytes. Exosomes are expected to be a new generation of drug delivery systems due to their low immunogenicity, high potential to transfer bioactive substances and biocompatibility. However, exosomes themselves are not highly targeted, it is necessary to develop new surface modification techniques and targeted drug delivery strategies, which are the focus of drug delivery research. In this review, we introduced the biogenesis of exosomes and their role in intercellular communication. We listed various advanced exosome drug-loading techniques. Emphatically, we summarized different exosome surface modification techniques and targeted drug delivery strategies. In addition, we discussed the application of exosomes in vaccines and briefly introduced milk exosomes. Finally, we clarified the clinical application prospects and shortcomings of exosomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zun Y Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No.639, Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, P.R. China
| | - Yue Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No.639, Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, P.R. China
| | - Yi C Cheng
- Department of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No.639, Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Xia B, Gao X, Qian J, Li S, Yu B, Hao Y, Wei B, Ma T, Wu H, Yang S, Zheng Y, Gao X, Guo L, Gao J, Yang Y, Zhang Y, Wei Y, Xue B, Jin Y, Luo Z, Zhang J, Huang J. A Novel Superparamagnetic Multifunctional Nerve Scaffold: A Remote Actuation Strategy to Boost In Situ Extracellular Vesicles Production for Enhanced Peripheral Nerve Repair. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2305374. [PMID: 37652460 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202305374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have inherent advantages over cell-based therapies in regenerative medicine because of their cargos of abundant bioactive cues. Several strategies are proposed to tune EVs production in vitro. However, it remains a challenge for manipulation of EVs production in vivo, which poses significant difficulties for EVs-based therapies that aim to promote tissue regeneration, particularly for long-term treatment of diseases like peripheral neuropathy. Herein, a superparamagnetic nanocomposite scaffold capable of controlling EVs production on-demand is constructed by incorporating polyethyleneglycol/polyethyleneimine modified superparamagnetic nanoparticles into a polyacrylamide/hyaluronic acid double-network hydrogel (Mag-gel). The Mag-gel is highly sensitive to a rotating magnetic field (RMF), and can act as mechano-stimulative platform to exert micro/nanoscale forces on encapsulated Schwann cells (SCs), an essential glial cell in supporting nerve regeneration. By switching the ON/OFF state of the RMF, the Mag-gel can scale up local production of SCs-derived EVs (SCs-EVs) both in vitro and in vivo. Further transcriptome sequencing indicates an enrichment of transcripts favorable in axon growth, angiogenesis, and inflammatory regulation of SCs-EVs in the Mag-gel with RMF, which ultimately results in optimized nerve repair in vivo. Overall, this research provides a noninvasive and remotely time-scheduled method for fine-tuning EVs-based therapies to accelerate tissue regeneration, including that of peripheral nerves.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Xia
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, P. R. China
- Research and Development Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Xue Gao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Jiaqi Qian
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Xueyuan Road, Fuzhou, 350108, P. R. China
| | - Shengyou Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Beibei Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Yiming Hao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Bin Wei
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Teng Ma
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Haining Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Shijie Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Yi Zheng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Xueli Gao
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Lingli Guo
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Jianbo Gao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Yujie Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Yongfeng Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Yitao Wei
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Borui Xue
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Yan Jin
- Research and Development Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Zhuojing Luo
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Jin Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Xueyuan Road, Fuzhou, 350108, P. R. China
| | - Jinghui Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ning XY, Ma JH, He W, Ma JT. Role of exosomes in metastasis and therapeutic resistance in esophageal cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:5699-5715. [PMID: 38075847 PMCID: PMC10701334 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i42.5699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer (EC) has a high incidence and mortality rate and is emerging as one of the most common health problems globally. Owing to the lack of sensitive detection methods, uncontrollable rapid metastasis, and pervasive treatment resistance, EC is often diagnosed in advanced stages and is susceptible to local recurrence. Exosomes are important components of intercellular communication and the exosome-mediated crosstalk between the cancer and surrounding cells within the tumor microenvironment plays a crucial role in the metastasis, progression, and therapeutic resistance of EC. Considering the critical role of exosomes in tumor pathogenesis, this review focused on elucidating the impact of exosomes on EC metastasis and therapeutic resistance. Here, we summarized the relevant signaling pathways involved in these processes. In addition, we discussed the potential clinical applications of exosomes for the early diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of EC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Yu Ning
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jin-Hu Ma
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui Province, China
| | - Wei He
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jun-Ting Ma
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Fullerton JL, Cosgrove CC, Rooney RA, Work LM. Extracellular vesicles and their microRNA cargo in ischaemic stroke. J Physiol 2023; 601:4907-4921. [PMID: 35421904 PMCID: PMC10952288 DOI: 10.1113/jp282050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) is a leading cause of death and disability. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs which hold the potential to act as a novel biomarker in AIS. The majority of circulating miRNAs are actively encapsulated by extracellular vesicles (EVs) produced by many cells and organs endogenously. EVs released by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been extensively studied for their therapeutic potential. In health and disease, EVs are vital for intercellular communication, as the cargo within EVs can be exchanged between neighbouring cells or transported to distant sites. It is clear here from both current preclinical and clinical studies that AIS is associated with specific EV-derived miRNAs, including those transported via MSC-derived EVs. In addition, current studies provide evidence to show that modulating levels of specific EV-derived miRNAs in AIS provides a novel therapeutic potential of miRNAs in the treatment of stroke. Commonalities exist in altered miRNAs across preclinical and clinical studies. Of those EV-packaged miRNAs, miRNA-124 was described both as an EV-packaged biomarker and as a potential EV-loaded therapeutic in experimental models. Alterations of miRNA-17 family and miRNA-17-92 cluster were identified in preclinical, clinical and MSC-EV-mediated neuroprotection in experimental stroke. Finally, miRNA-30d and -30a were found to mediate therapeutic effect when overexpressed from MSC and implicated as a biomarker clinically. Combined, EV-derived miRNAs will further our understanding of the neuropathological processes triggered by AIS. In addition, this work will help determine the true clinical value of circulating EV-packaged miRNAs as biomarkers of AIS or as novel therapeutics in this setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josie L. Fullerton
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences College of Medical, Veterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Caitlin C. Cosgrove
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences College of Medical, Veterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Rebecca A. Rooney
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences College of Medical, Veterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Lorraine M. Work
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences College of Medical, Veterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Dou X, Ji W, Dai M, Sun S, Chen R, Yang J, Long J, Ge Y, Lin Y. Spatial and temporal mapping of neuron-microglia interaction modes in acute ischemic stroke. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 216:115772. [PMID: 37659736 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, accounting for 75-80% of all strokes. Under conditions of ischemia and hypoxia, neurons suffer damage or death, leading to a series of secondary immune reactions. Microglia, the earliest activated immune cells, can exert neurotoxic or neuroprotective effects on neurons through secretion of factors. There exists a complex interaction between neurons and microglia during this process. Moreover, the interaction between them becomes even more complex due to differences in the infarct area and reperfusion time. This review first elaborates on the differences in neuronal death modes between the ischemic core and penumbra, and then introduces the differences in microglial markers across different infarct areas with varying reperfusion time, indicating distinct functions. Finally, we focus on exploring the interaction modes between neurons and microglia in order to precisely target beneficial interactions and inhibit harmful ones, thus providing new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of IS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoke Dou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Wei Ji
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of BinZhou Medical College, Yantai 264000, China
| | - Maosha Dai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Shujun Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, China; Department of Pain, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Juexi Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Junhao Long
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Yangyang Ge
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, China.
| | - Yun Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Smith PA. Neuropathic pain; what we know and what we should do about it. FRONTIERS IN PAIN RESEARCH 2023; 4:1220034. [PMID: 37810432 PMCID: PMC10559888 DOI: 10.3389/fpain.2023.1220034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain can result from injury to, or disease of the nervous system. It is notoriously difficult to treat. Peripheral nerve injury promotes Schwann cell activation and invasion of immunocompetent cells into the site of injury, spinal cord and higher sensory structures such as thalamus and cingulate and sensory cortices. Various cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, monoamines and neuropeptides effect two-way signalling between neurons, glia and immune cells. This promotes sustained hyperexcitability and spontaneous activity in primary afferents that is crucial for onset and persistence of pain as well as misprocessing of sensory information in the spinal cord and supraspinal structures. Much of the current understanding of pain aetiology and identification of drug targets derives from studies of the consequences of peripheral nerve injury in rodent models. Although a vast amount of information has been forthcoming, the translation of this information into the clinical arena has been minimal. Few, if any, major therapeutic approaches have appeared since the mid 1990's. This may reflect failure to recognise differences in pain processing in males vs. females, differences in cellular responses to different types of injury and differences in pain processing in humans vs. animals. Basic science and clinical approaches which seek to bridge this knowledge gap include better assessment of pain in animal models, use of pain models which better emulate human disease, and stratification of human pain phenotypes according to quantitative assessment of signs and symptoms of disease. This can lead to more personalized and effective treatments for individual patients. Significance statement: There is an urgent need to find new treatments for neuropathic pain. Although classical animal models have revealed essential features of pain aetiology such as peripheral and central sensitization and some of the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved, they do not adequately model the multiplicity of disease states or injuries that may bring forth neuropathic pain in the clinic. This review seeks to integrate information from the multiplicity of disciplines that seek to understand neuropathic pain; including immunology, cell biology, electrophysiology and biophysics, anatomy, cell biology, neurology, molecular biology, pharmacology and behavioral science. Beyond this, it underlines ongoing refinements in basic science and clinical practice that will engender improved approaches to pain management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter A. Smith
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute and Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Rastogi S, Rani K, Rai S, Singh R, Bharti PS, Sharma V, Sahu J, Kapoor V, Vishwakarma P, Garg S, Gholap SL, Inampudi KK, Modi GP, Rani N, Tripathi M, Srivastava A, Rajan R, Nikolajeff F, Kumar S. Fluorescence-tagged salivary small extracellular vesicles as a nanotool in early diagnosis of Parkinson's disease. BMC Med 2023; 21:335. [PMID: 37667227 PMCID: PMC10478478 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-023-03031-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease is generally asymptomatic at earlier stages. At an early stage, there is an extensive progression in the neuropathological hallmarks, although, at this stage, diagnosis is not possible with currently available diagnostic methods. Therefore, the pressing need is for susceptibility risk biomarkers that can aid in better diagnosis and therapeutics as well can objectively serve to measure the endpoint of disease progression. The role of small extracellular vesicles (sEV) in the progression of neurodegenerative diseases could be potent in playing a revolutionary role in biomarker discovery. METHODS In our study, the salivary sEV were efficiently isolated by chemical precipitation combined with ultrafiltration from subjects (PD = 70, healthy controls = 26, and prodromal PD = 08), followed by antibody-based validation with CD63, CD9, GAPDH, Flotillin-1, and L1CAM. Morphological characterization of the isolated sEV through transmission electron microscopy. The quantification of sEV was achieved by fluorescence (lipid-binding dye-labeled) nanoparticle tracking analysis and antibody-based (CD63 Alexa fluor 488 tagged sEV) nanoparticle tracking analysis. The total alpha-synuclein (α-synTotal) in salivary sEVs cargo was quantified by ELISA. The disease severity staging confirmation for n = 18 clinically diagnosed Parkinson's disease patients was done by 99mTc-TRODAT-single-photon emission computed tomography. RESULTS We observed a significant increase in total sEVs concentration in PD patients than in the healthy control (HC), where fluorescence lipid-binding dye-tagged sEV were observed to be higher in PD (p = 0.0001) than in the HC using NTA with a sensitivity of 94.34%. In the prodromal PD cases, the fluorescence lipid-binding dye-tagged sEV concentration was found to be higher (p = 0.008) than in HC. This result was validated through anti-CD63 tagged sEV (p = 0.0006) with similar sensitivity of 94.12%. We further validated our findings with the ELISA based on α-synTotal concentration in sEV, where it was observed to be higher in PD (p = 0.004) with a sensitivity of 88.24%. The caudate binding ratios in 99mTc-TRODAT-SPECT represent a positive correlation with sEV concentration (r = 0.8117 with p = 0.0112). CONCLUSIONS In this study, for the first time, we have found that the fluorescence-tagged sEV has the potential to screen the progression of disease with clinically acceptable sensitivity and can be a potent early detection method for PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simran Rastogi
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Komal Rani
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bibinagar, Hyderabad, 508126, India
| | - Sanskriti Rai
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Rishabh Singh
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Prahalad Singh Bharti
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Vaibhav Sharma
- Department of Health, Education, and Technology, Luleå University of Technology, 97187, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Jyoti Sahu
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Vrinda Kapoor
- School of Interdisciplinary Research, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Poorvi Vishwakarma
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Sumit Garg
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | | | | | - Gyan Prakash Modi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology BHU, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Neerja Rani
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Madhavi Tripathi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Achal Srivastava
- Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Roopa Rajan
- Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Fredrik Nikolajeff
- Department of Health, Education, and Technology, Luleå University of Technology, 97187, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Saroj Kumar
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India.
- Department of Health, Education, and Technology, Luleå University of Technology, 97187, Luleå, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Lullau APM, Haga EMW, Ronold EH, Dwyer GE. Antidepressant mechanisms of ketamine: a review of actions with relevance to treatment-resistance and neuroprogression. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1223145. [PMID: 37614344 PMCID: PMC10442706 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1223145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Concurrent with recent insights into the neuroprogressive nature of depression, ketamine shows promise in interfering with several neuroprogressive factors, and has been suggested to reverse neuropathological patterns seen in depression. These insights come at a time of great need for novel approaches, as prevalence is rising and current treatment options remain inadequate for a large number of people. The rapidly growing literature on ketamine's antidepressant potential has yielded multiple proposed mechanisms of action, many of which have implications for recently elucidated aspects of depressive pathology. This review aims to provide the reader with an understanding of neuroprogressive aspects of depressive pathology and how ketamine is suggested to act on it. Literature was identified through PubMed and Google Scholar, and the reference lists of retrieved articles. When reviewing the evidence of depressive pathology, a picture emerges of four elements interacting with each other to facilitate progressive worsening, namely stress, inflammation, neurotoxicity and neurodegeneration. Ketamine acts on all of these levels of pathology, with rapid and potent reductions of depressive symptoms. Converging evidence suggests that ketamine works to increase stress resilience and reverse stress-induced dysfunction, modulate systemic inflammation and neuroinflammation, attenuate neurotoxic processes and glial dysfunction, and facilitate synaptogenesis rather than neurodegeneration. Still, much remains to be revealed about ketamine's antidepressant mechanisms of action, and research is lacking on the durability of effect. The findings discussed herein calls for more longitudinal approaches when determining efficacy and its relation to neuroprogressive factors, and could provide relevant considerations for clinical implementation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- August P. M. Lullau
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Emily M. W. Haga
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Eivind H. Ronold
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Gerard E. Dwyer
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- NORMENT Centre of Excellence, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zhong L, Wang J, Wang P, Liu X, Liu P, Cheng X, Cao L, Wu H, Chen J, Zhou L. Neural stem cell-derived exosomes and regeneration: cell-free therapeutic strategies for traumatic brain injury. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:198. [PMID: 37553595 PMCID: PMC10408078 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03409-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Regenerative repair of the brain after traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains an extensive clinical challenge, inspiring intensified interest in therapeutic approaches to explore superior repair strategies. Exosome therapy is another research hotspot following stem cell alternative therapy. Prior research verified that exosomes produced by neural stem cells can participate in the physiological and pathological changes associated with TBI and have potential neuroregulatory and repair functions. In comparison with their parental stem cells, exosomes have superior stability and immune tolerance and lower tumorigenic risk. In addition, they can readily penetrate the blood‒brain barrier, which makes their treatment efficiency superior to that of transplanted stem cells. Exosomes secreted by neural stem cells present a promising strategy for the development of novel regenerative therapies. Their tissue regeneration and immunomodulatory potential have made them encouraging candidates for TBI repair. The present review addresses the challenges, applications and potential mechanisms of neural stem cell exosomes in regenerating damaged brains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhong
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, Sichuan, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair, Institute of Neurotrauma Repair, Characteristic Medical Center of People's Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, 300162, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Health Management, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, 300211, China
| | - Xiaoyin Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xu Cheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, Sichuan, China
| | - Lujia Cao
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, Sichuan, China
| | - Hongwei Wu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, Sichuan, China.
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Liangxue Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Wang L, Wei X. Exosome-based crosstalk in glaucoma pathogenesis: a focus on oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1202704. [PMID: 37529047 PMCID: PMC10388248 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1202704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are membrane-bound tiny particles that are released by all live cells that contain multiple signal molecules and extensively participate in numerous normal physical activities and pathologies. In glaucoma, the crucial role of exosome-based crosstalk has been primarily revealed in animal models and ex vivo cell studies in the recent decade. In the aqueous drainage system, exosomes derived from non-pigment ciliary epithelium act in an endocrine manner and specifically regulate the function of the trabecular meshwork to cope with persistent oxidative stress challenges. In the retina, a more complicated regulatory network among microglia, retinal neurons, retinal ganglial cells, retinal pigment epithelium, and other immune effector cells by exosomes are responsible for the elaborate modulation of tissue homeostasis under physical state and the widespread propagation of neuroinflammation and its consequent neurodegeneration in glaucoma pathogenesis. Accumulating evidence indicates that exosome-based crosstalk depends on numerous factors, including the specific cargos they carried (particularly micro RNA), concentration, size, and ionization potentials, which largely remain elusive. In this narrative review, we summarize the latest research focus of exosome-based crosstalk in glaucoma pathogenesis, the current research progress of exosome-based therapy for glaucoma and provide in-depth perspectives on its current research gap.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lixiang Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Wei
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, ShangjinNanfu Hospital, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Ji X, Zhou S, Wang N, Wang J, Wu Y, Duan Y, Ni P, Zhang J, Yu S. Cerebral-Organoid-Derived Exosomes Alleviate Oxidative Stress and Promote LMX1A-Dependent Dopaminergic Differentiation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11048. [PMID: 37446226 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The remarkable advancements related to cerebral organoids have provided unprecedented opportunities to model human brain development and diseases. However, despite their potential significance in neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD), the role of exosomes from cerebral organoids (OExo) has been largely unknown. In this study, we compared the effects of OExo to those of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived exosomes (CExo) and found that OExo shared similar neuroprotective effects to CExo. Our findings showed that OExo mitigated H2O2-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in rat midbrain astrocytes by reducing excess ROS production, antioxidant depletion, lipid peroxidation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and the expression of pro-apoptotic genes. Notably, OExo demonstrated superiority over CExo in promoting the differentiation of human-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) into dopaminergic (DA) neurons. This was attributed to the higher abundance of neurotrophic factors, including neurotrophin-4 (NT-4) and glial-cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), in OExo, which facilitated the iPSCs' differentiation into DA neurons in an LIM homeobox transcription factor 1 alpha (LMX1A)-dependent manner. Our study provides novel insight into the biological properties of cerebral organoids and highlights the potential of OExo in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xingrui Ji
- School of Biomedical Engineering (Suzhou), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China
| | - Shaocong Zhou
- School of Biomedical Engineering (Suzhou), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China
| | - Nana Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering (Suzhou), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China
| | - Jingwen Wang
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China
| | - Yuhan Duan
- School of Biomedical Engineering (Suzhou), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China
| | - Penghao Ni
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China
| | - Jingzhong Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering (Suzhou), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China
- School of Medical Imaging, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Shuang Yu
- School of Biomedical Engineering (Suzhou), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China
- School of Medical Imaging, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Falcicchia C, Tozzi F, Gabrielli M, Amoretti S, Masini G, Nardi G, Guglielmo S, Ratto GM, Arancio O, Verderio C, Origlia N. Microglial extracellular vesicles induce Alzheimer's disease-related cortico-hippocampal network dysfunction. Brain Commun 2023; 5:fcad170. [PMID: 37288314 PMCID: PMC10243901 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcad170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
β-Amyloid is one of the main pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease and plays a major role in synaptic dysfunction. It has been demonstrated that β-amyloid can elicit aberrant excitatory activity in cortical-hippocampal networks, which is associated with behavioural abnormalities. However, the mechanism of the spreading of β-amyloid action within a specific circuitry has not been elucidated yet. We have previously demonstrated that the motion of microglia-derived large extracellular vesicles carrying β-amyloid, at the neuronal surface, is crucial for the initiation and propagation of synaptic dysfunction along the entorhinal-hippocampal circuit. Here, using chronic EEG recordings, we show that a single injection of extracellular vesicles carrying β-amyloid into the mouse entorhinal cortex could trigger alterations in the cortical and hippocampal activity that are reminiscent of those found in Alzheimer's disease mouse models and human patients. The development of EEG abnormalities was associated with progressive memory impairment as assessed by an associative (object-place context recognition) and non-associative (object recognition) task. Importantly, when the motility of extracellular vesicles, carrying β-amyloid, was inhibited, the effect on network stability and memory function was significantly reduced. Our model proposes a new biological mechanism based on the extracellular vesicles-mediated progression of β-amyloid pathology and offers the opportunity to test pharmacological treatments targeting the early stages of Alzheimer's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Falcicchia
- National Research Council (CNR) Institute of Neuroscience, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Francesca Tozzi
- National Research Council (CNR) Institute of Neuroscience, Pisa 56124, Italy
- Bio@SNS laboratory, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Martina Gabrielli
- National Research Council (CNR) Institute of Neuroscience, Vedano al Lambro, Monza (MB) 20854, Italy
| | - Stefano Amoretti
- National Research Council (CNR) Institute of Neuroscience, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Greta Masini
- National Research Council (CNR) Institute of Neuroscience, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Gabriele Nardi
- National Enterprise for nanoScience and nanoTechnology (NEST), Istituto Nanoscienze, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) and Scuola Normale Superiore Pisa, Pisa 56127, Italy
| | - Stefano Guglielmo
- National Research Council (CNR) Institute of Neuroscience, Pisa 56124, Italy
- Bio@SNS laboratory, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Gian Michele Ratto
- National Enterprise for nanoScience and nanoTechnology (NEST), Istituto Nanoscienze, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) and Scuola Normale Superiore Pisa, Pisa 56127, Italy
| | - Ottavio Arancio
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain and Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Claudia Verderio
- National Research Council (CNR) Institute of Neuroscience, Vedano al Lambro, Monza (MB) 20854, Italy
| | - Nicola Origlia
- National Research Council (CNR) Institute of Neuroscience, Pisa 56124, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Wang C, Yang Y, Zhang X, Shi Z, Gao H, Zhong M, Fan Y, Zhang H, Liu B, Qing G. Secreted endogenous macrosomes reduce Aβ burden and ameliorate Alzheimer's disease. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eade0293. [PMID: 37235655 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade0293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Innovative therapeutic strategies are urgently needed for Alzheimer's disease (AD) due to the increasing size of the aging population and the lack of effective drug treatment. Here, we report the therapeutic effects of extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by microglia, including macrosomes and small EVs, on AD-associated pathology. Macrosomes strongly inhibited β-amyloid (Aβ) aggregation and rescued cells from Aβ misfolding-induced cytotoxicity. Furthermore, macrosome administration reduced Aβ plaques and ameliorated cognitive impairment in mice with AD. In contrast, small EVs slightly promoted Aβ aggregation and did not improve AD pathology. Proteomic analysis of small EVs and macrosomes revealed that macrosomes harbor several important neuroprotective proteins that inhibit Aβ misfolding. In particular, the small integral membrane protein 10-like protein 2B in macrosomes has been shown to inhibit Aβ aggregation. Our observations provide an alternative therapeutic strategy for the treatment of AD over conventional ineffective drug treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cunli Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Liaoning Key Lab of Integrated Circuit and Biomedical Electronic System, Dalian University of Technology, Lingshui Road, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Yiming Yang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Liaoning Key Lab of Integrated Circuit and Biomedical Electronic System, Dalian University of Technology, Lingshui Road, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Zhenqiang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Huiling Gao
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, P. R. China
| | - Manli Zhong
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, P. R. China
| | - Yonggang Fan
- Health Sciences Institute, Key Laboratory of Major Chronic Diseases of Nervous System, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, P. R. China
| | - Hongyan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Bo Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Liaoning Key Lab of Integrated Circuit and Biomedical Electronic System, Dalian University of Technology, Lingshui Road, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Guangyan Qing
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Soleymani T, Chen TY, Gonzalez-Kozlova E, Dogra N. The human neurosecretome: extracellular vesicles and particles (EVPs) of the brain for intercellular communication, therapy, and liquid-biopsy applications. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1156821. [PMID: 37266331 PMCID: PMC10229797 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1156821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that brain derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) and particles (EPs) can cross blood-brain barrier and mediate communication among neurons, astrocytes, microglial, and other cells of the central nervous system (CNS). Yet, a complete understanding of the molecular landscape and function of circulating EVs & EPs (EVPs) remain a major gap in knowledge. This is mainly due to the lack of technologies to isolate and separate all EVPs of heterogeneous dimensions and low buoyant density. In this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive understanding of the neurosecretome, including the extracellular vesicles that carry the molecular signature of the brain in both its microenvironment and the systemic circulation. We discuss the biogenesis of EVPs, their function, cell-to-cell communication, past and emerging isolation technologies, therapeutics, and liquid-biopsy applications. It is important to highlight that the landscape of EVPs is in a constant state of evolution; hence, we not only discuss the past literature and current landscape of the EVPs, but we also speculate as to how novel EVPs may contribute to the etiology of addiction, depression, psychiatric, neurodegenerative diseases, and aid in the real time monitoring of the "living brain". Overall, the neurosecretome is a concept we introduce here to embody the compendium of circulating particles of the brain for their function and disease pathogenesis. Finally, for the purpose of inclusion of all extracellular particles, we have used the term EVPs as defined by the International Society of Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taliah Soleymani
- Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Tzu-Yi Chen
- Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Edgar Gonzalez-Kozlova
- Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Navneet Dogra
- Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Genetics and Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Icahn Genomics Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Dutta S, Hornung S, Taha HB, Bitan G. Biomarkers for parkinsonian disorders in CNS-originating EVs: promise and challenges. Acta Neuropathol 2023; 145:515-540. [PMID: 37012443 PMCID: PMC10071251 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-023-02557-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, microvesicles, and oncosomes, are nano-sized particles enclosed by a lipid bilayer. EVs are released by virtually all eukaryotic cells and have been shown to contribute to intercellular communication by transporting proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. In the context of neurodegenerative diseases, EVs may carry toxic, misfolded forms of amyloidogenic proteins and facilitate their spread to recipient cells in the central nervous system (CNS). CNS-originating EVs can cross the blood-brain barrier into the bloodstream and may be found in other body fluids, including saliva, tears, and urine. EVs originating in the CNS represent an attractive source of biomarkers for neurodegenerative diseases, because they contain cell- and cell state-specific biological materials. In recent years, multiple papers have reported the use of this strategy for identification and quantitation of biomarkers for neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease and atypical parkinsonian disorders. However, certain technical issues have yet to be standardized, such as the best surface markers for isolation of cell type-specific EVs and validating the cellular origin of the EVs. Here, we review recent research using CNS-originating EVs for biomarker studies, primarily in parkinsonian disorders, highlight technical challenges, and propose strategies for overcoming them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suman Dutta
- International Institute of Innovation and Technology, New Town, Kolkata, India
| | - Simon Hornung
- Division of Peptide Biochemistry, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Hash Brown Taha
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California Los Angeles, 635 Charles E. Young Drive South/Gordon 451, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Gal Bitan
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California Los Angeles, 635 Charles E. Young Drive South/Gordon 451, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- Brain Research Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Pini L, Salvalaggio A, Wennberg AM, Dimakou A, Matteoli M, Corbetta M. The pollutome-connectome axis: a putative mechanism to explain pollution effects on neurodegeneration. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 86:101867. [PMID: 36720351 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The study of pollutant effects is extremely important to address the epochal challenges we are facing, where world populations are increasingly moving from rural to urban centers, revolutionizing our world into an urban world. These transformations will exacerbate pollution, thus highlighting the necessity to unravel its effect on human health. Epidemiological studies have reported that pollution increases the risk of neurological diseases, with growing evidence on the risk of neurodegenerative disorders. Air pollution and water pollutants are the main chemicals driving this risk. These chemicals can promote inflammation, acting in synergy with genotype vulnerability. However, the biological underpinnings of this association are unknown. In this review, we focus on the link between pollution and brain network connectivity at the macro-scale level. We provide an updated overview of epidemiological findings and studies investigating brain network changes associated with pollution exposure, and discuss the mechanistic insights of pollution-induced brain changes through neural networks. We explain, in detail, the pollutome-connectome axis that might provide the functional substrate for pollution-induced processes leading to cognitive impairment and neurodegeneration. We describe this model within the framework of two pollutants, air pollution, a widely recognized threat, and polyfluoroalkyl substances, a large class of synthetic chemicals which are currently emerging as new neurotoxic source.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Pini
- Department of Neuroscience and Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Italy; Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, VIMM, Padova, Italy.
| | | | - Alexandra M Wennberg
- Unit of Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anastasia Dimakou
- Department of Neuroscience and Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Michela Matteoli
- Neuro Center, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milano, Italy; CNR Institute of Neuroscience, Milano, Italy
| | - Maurizio Corbetta
- Department of Neuroscience and Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Italy; Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, VIMM, Padova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Wishart CL, Spiteri AG, Locatelli G, King NJC. Integrating transcriptomic datasets across neurological disease identifies unique myeloid subpopulations driving disease-specific signatures. Glia 2023; 71:904-925. [PMID: 36527260 PMCID: PMC10952672 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Microglia and bone marrow-derived monocytes are key elements of central nervous system (CNS) inflammation, both capable of enhancing and dampening immune-mediated pathology. However, the study-specific focus on individual cell types, disease models or experimental approaches has limited our ability to infer common and disease-specific responses. This meta-analysis integrates bulk and single-cell transcriptomic datasets of microglia and monocytes from disease models of autoimmunity, neurodegeneration, sterile injury, and infection to build a comprehensive resource connecting myeloid responses across CNS disease. We demonstrate that the bulk microglial and monocyte program is highly contingent on the disease environment, challenging the notion of a universal microglial disease signature. Integration of six single-cell RNA-sequencing datasets revealed that these disease-specific signatures are likely driven by differing proportions of unique myeloid subpopulations that were individually expanded in different disease settings. These subsets were functionally-defined as neurodegeneration-associated, inflammatory, interferon-responsive, phagocytic, antigen-presenting, and lipopolysaccharide-responsive cellular states, revealing a core set of myeloid responses at the single-cell level that are conserved across CNS pathology. Showcasing the predictive and practical value of this resource, we performed differential expression analysis on microglia and monocytes across disease and identified Cd81 as a new neuroinflammatory-stable gene that accurately identified microglia and distinguished them from monocyte-derived cells across all experimental models at both the bulk and single-cell level. Together, this resource dissects the influence of disease environment on shared immune response programmes to build a unified perspective of myeloid behavior across CNS pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claire L. Wishart
- Infection, Immunity, Inflammation Research Theme, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Sydney Cytometry FacilityThe University of Sydney and Centenary InstituteSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Ramaciotti Facility for Human Systems BiologyThe University of Sydney and Centenary InstituteSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Charles Perkins CentreThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Alanna G. Spiteri
- Infection, Immunity, Inflammation Research Theme, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Sydney Cytometry FacilityThe University of Sydney and Centenary InstituteSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Ramaciotti Facility for Human Systems BiologyThe University of Sydney and Centenary InstituteSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Charles Perkins CentreThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Giuseppe Locatelli
- Theodor Kocher InstituteUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical ResearchNovartisBaselSwitzerland
| | - Nicholas J. C. King
- Infection, Immunity, Inflammation Research Theme, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Sydney Cytometry FacilityThe University of Sydney and Centenary InstituteSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Ramaciotti Facility for Human Systems BiologyThe University of Sydney and Centenary InstituteSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Charles Perkins CentreThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- The University of Sydney Nano Institute, Faculty of ScienceThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
VanderZwaag J, Halvorson T, Dolhan K, Šimončičová E, Ben-Azu B, Tremblay MÈ. The Missing Piece? A Case for Microglia's Prominent Role in the Therapeutic Action of Anesthetics, Ketamine, and Psychedelics. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:1129-1166. [PMID: 36327017 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03772-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
There is much excitement surrounding recent research of promising, mechanistically novel psychotherapeutics - psychedelic, anesthetic, and dissociative agents - as they have demonstrated surprising efficacy in treating central nervous system (CNS) disorders, such as mood disorders and addiction. However, the mechanisms by which these drugs provide such profound psychological benefits are still to be fully elucidated. Microglia, the CNS's resident innate immune cells, are emerging as a cellular target for psychiatric disorders because of their critical role in regulating neuroplasticity and the inflammatory environment of the brain. The following paper is a review of recent literature surrounding these neuropharmacological therapies and their demonstrated or hypothesized interactions with microglia. Through investigating the mechanism of action of psychedelics, such as psilocybin and lysergic acid diethylamide, ketamine, and propofol, we demonstrate a largely under-investigated role for microglia in much of the emerging research surrounding these pharmacological agents. Among others, we detail sigma-1 receptors, serotonergic and γ-aminobutyric acid signalling, and tryptophan metabolism as pathways through which these agents modulate microglial phagocytic activity and inflammatory mediator release, inducing their therapeutic effects. The current review includes a discussion on future directions in the field of microglial pharmacology and covers bidirectional implications of microglia and these novel pharmacological agents in aging and age-related disease, glial cell heterogeneity, and state-of-the-art methodologies in microglial research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jared VanderZwaag
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Torin Halvorson
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kira Dolhan
- Department of Psychology, University of Victoria, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Eva Šimončičová
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Benneth Ben-Azu
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria
| | - Marie-Ève Tremblay
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.
- Département de médecine moléculaire, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada.
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada.
- Neurology and Neurosurgery Department, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technology (CAMTEC), University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.
- Institute for Aging and Lifelong Health, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Balbi M, Bonanno G, Bonifacino T, Milanese M. The Physio-Pathological Role of Group I Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors Expressed by Microglia in Health and Disease with a Focus on Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065240. [PMID: 36982315 PMCID: PMC10048889 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglia cells are the resident immune cells of the central nervous system. They act as the first-line immune guardians of nervous tissue and central drivers of neuroinflammation. Any homeostatic alteration that can compromise neuron and tissue integrity could activate microglia. Once activated, microglia exhibit highly diverse phenotypes and functions related to either beneficial or harmful consequences. Microglia activation is associated with the release of protective or deleterious cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors that can in turn determine defensive or pathological outcomes. This scenario is complicated by the pathology-related specific phenotypes that microglia can assume, thus leading to the so-called disease-associated microglia phenotypes. Microglia express several receptors that regulate the balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory features, sometimes exerting opposite actions on microglial functions according to specific conditions. In this context, group I metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) are molecular structures that may contribute to the modulation of the reactive phenotype of microglia cells, and this is worthy of exploration. Here, we summarize the role of group I mGluRs in shaping microglia cells' phenotype in specific physio-pathological conditions, including some neurodegenerative disorders. A significant section of the review is specifically focused on amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) since it represents an entirely unexplored topic of research in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matilde Balbi
- Department of Pharmacy (DIFAR), University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy
| | - Giambattista Bonanno
- Department of Pharmacy (DIFAR), University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Tiziana Bonifacino
- Department of Pharmacy (DIFAR), University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy
- Inter-University Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching & Research (Centro 3R), 56122 Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Milanese
- Department of Pharmacy (DIFAR), University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Scassiotti RF, de Paula Coutinho M, Pinto Santos SI, Ferreira Pinto PA, Ferreira de Almeida M, Karam RG, Maria da Silva Rosa P, Martins DDS, Coelho da Silveira J, Ambrósio CE. Adipose and amnion-derived mesenchymal stem cells: Extracellular vesicles characterization and implication for reproductive biotechnology. Theriogenology 2023; 198:264-272. [PMID: 36623429 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The stem cell-based research for reproductive biotechnology has been widely studied and shows promise for repairing defective tissue or degenerated cells to treat different diseases. The adipose tissue and amniotic membrane have awakened great interest in regenerative medicine and arises as a promising source of mesenchymal stem cells. Both types, adipose and amniotic derived mesenchymal stem cells (AMSCs) are multipotent cells with an enhanced ability to differentiate into multiple lineages.. We aimed to evaluate the effect of basal supplementation of exosomes in cell cultures with canine amniotic mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Mesenchymal stem cells derived from canine amniotic and adipose tissue were isolated and cultured performing cell passages until 80-90% confluence was reached. The growth curve was determined and peak cell growth was observed in the second passage. The cells were then characterized and differentiated into adipogenic, chondrogenic and osteogenic lineages. Extracellular vesicles from amnion were isolated using an ultracentrifugation protocol and characterized by nanosight analysis. To evaluate their ability to improve cellular viability in naturally inefficient passages, exosomes were co-cultures to the MSC cells. The results showed a 15-20% increase in the expansion rate of cultures supplemented with vesicles extracted in the first and second passages when compared to the control group. Statistical analysis using the Dunnett test (p ≤ 0.05) corroborated this result, showing a positive correlation between supplementation and expansion rate. These results indicate not only the importance of exosomes in the cell communication process but also the feasibility of the culture supplementation protocol for therapeutic purposes. The potential of the AMSCs for reproductive biotechnology is undoubted, however, their application to repair reproductive disorders and the involved mechanisms remain elusive. The strategies to enable the Adipose Stem Cells and AMSCs application in reproductive biotechnology and optimize their use for tissue regeneration open new venues using exosomes interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Ferreira Scassiotti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering - FZEA, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Meline de Paula Coutinho
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering - FZEA, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Sarah Ingrid Pinto Santos
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering - FZEA, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Priscilla Avelino Ferreira Pinto
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering - FZEA, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Matheus Ferreira de Almeida
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering - FZEA, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Rafael Garcia Karam
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering - FZEA, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Paola Maria da Silva Rosa
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering - FZEA, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Daniele Dos Santos Martins
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering - FZEA, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Juliano Coelho da Silveira
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering - FZEA, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Carlos Eduardo Ambrósio
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering - FZEA, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Extracellular vesicles released from macrophages modulates interleukin-1β in astrocytic and neuronal cells. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3005. [PMID: 36810605 PMCID: PMC9944928 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29746-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
We have recently demonstrated that long-term exposure of cigarette smoke condensate (CSC) to HIV-uninfected (U937) and -infected (U1) macrophages induce packaging of pro-inflammatory molecules, particularly IL-1β, in extracellular vesicles (EVs). Therefore, we hypothesize that exposure of EVs derived from CSC-treated macrophages to CNS cells can increase their IL-1β levels contributing to neuroinflammation. To test this hypothesis, we treated the U937 and U1 differentiated macrophages once daily with CSC (10 µg/ml) for 7 days. Then, we isolated EVs from these macrophages and treated these EVs with human astrocytic (SVGA) and neuronal (SH-SY5Y) cells in the absence and presence of CSC. We then examined the protein expression of IL-1β and oxidative stress related proteins, cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6), superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD1), catalase (CAT). We observed that the U937 cells have lower expression of IL-1β compared to their respective EVs, confirming that most of the produced IL-1β are packaged into EVs. Further, EVs isolated from HIV-infected and uninfected cells, both in the absence and presence of CSC, were treated to SVGA and SH-SY5Y cells. These treatments showed a significant increase in the levels of IL-1β in both SVGA and SH-SY5Y cells. However, under the same conditions, the levels of CYP2A6, SOD1, and catalase were only markedly altered. These findings suggest that the macrophages communicate with astrocytes and neuronal cells via EVs-containing IL-1β in both HIV and non-HIV setting and could contribute to neuroinflammation.
Collapse
|
36
|
Guo X, Hu F, Zhao S, Yong Z, Zhang Z, Peng N. Immunomagnetic Separation Method Integrated with the Strep-Tag II System for Rapid Enrichment and Mild Release of Exosomes. Anal Chem 2023; 95:3569-3576. [PMID: 36661256 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c03470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are important participants in numerous pathophysiological processes and hold promising application value in cancer diagnosis, monitoring, and prognosis. However, the small size (40-160 nm) and high heterogeneity of exosomes make it still challenging to enrich exosomes efficiently from the complex biological fluid microenvironment, which has largely restricted their downstream analysis and clinical application. In this work, we introduced a novel method for rapid isolation and mild release of exosomes from the cell culture supernatant. A Strep-tag II-based immunomagnetic isolation (SIMI) system was constructed by modifying the capture antibodies onto magnetic nanoparticles through specific and reversible recognition between Strep-Tactin and Strep-tag II. Due to their high affinity and binding selectivity, exosomes could be isolated within 38 min with an isolation efficiency of 82.5% and a release efficiency of 62%. Compared with the gold-standard ultracentrifugation, the SIMI system could harvest nearly 59% more exosomes from the 293 T cell culture medium with shorter isolation time and higher purity. In addition, cellular uptake assay indicated that exosomes released from magnetic nanoparticles could maintain their high biological activity. These superior characteristics show that this novel method is a fast, efficient, and nondestructive exosome isolation tool and thus could potentially be further utilized in various exosome-related applications, e.g., disease diagnosis and drug delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoniu Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fei Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China.,Xi'an Key Laboratory of Biomedical Testing and High-End Equipment, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shuhao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhang Yong
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zengming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Niancai Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China.,Xi'an Key Laboratory of Biomedical Testing and High-End Equipment, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Zamboni S, D'Ambrosio A, Margutti P. Extracellular vesicles as contributors in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2023; 71:104554. [PMID: 36842311 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2023.104554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a heterogeneous family of extracellular structures bounded by a phospholipid bilayer, released by all cell types in various biological fluids, such as blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), playing important roles in intercellular communication, both locally and systemically. EVs carry and deliver a variety of bioactive molecules (proteins, nucleic acids, lipids and metabolites), conferring epigenetic and phenotypic changes to the recipient cells and thus resulting as important mediators of both homeostasis and pathogenesis. In neurological diseases, such as multiple sclerosis (MS), the EV ability to cross Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB), moving from central nervous system (CNS) to the peripheral circulation and vice versa, has increased the interest in EV study in the neurological field. In the present review, we will provide an overview of the recent advances made in understanding the pathogenic role of EVs regarding the immune response, the BBB dysfunction and the CNS inflammatory processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Zamboni
- Department of Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Paola Margutti
- Department of Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Albrecht M, Hummitzsch L, Rusch R, Heß K, Steinfath M, Cremer J, Lichte F, Fändrich F, Berndt R, Zitta K. Characterization of large extracellular vesicles (L-EV) derived from human regulatory macrophages (Mreg): novel mediators in wound healing and angiogenesis? J Transl Med 2023; 21:61. [PMID: 36717876 PMCID: PMC9887800 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-03900-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Large extracellular vesicles (L-EV) with a diameter between 1 and 10 µm are released by various cell types. L-EV contain and transport active molecules which are crucially involved in cell to cell communication. We have shown that secretory products of human regulatory macrophages (Mreg) bear pro-angiogenic potential in-vitro and our recent findings show that Mreg cultures also contain numerous large vesicular structures similar to L-EV with so far unknown characteristics and function. AIM OF THIS STUDY To characterize the nature of Mreg-derived L-EV (L-EVMreg) and to gain insights into their role in wound healing and angiogenesis. METHODS Mreg were differentiated using blood monocytes from healthy donors (N = 9) and L-EVMreg were isolated from culture supernatants by differential centrifugation. Characterization of L-EVMreg was performed by cell/vesicle analysis, brightfield/transmission electron microscopy (TEM), flow cytometry and proteome profiling arrays. The impact of L-EVMreg on wound healing and angiogenesis was evaluated by means of scratch and in-vitro tube formation assays. RESULTS Mreg and L-EVMreg show an average diameter of 13.73 ± 1.33 µm (volume: 1.45 ± 0.44 pl) and 7.47 ± 0.75 µm (volume: 0.22 ± 0.06 pl) respectively. Flow cytometry analyses revealed similarities between Mreg and L-EVMreg regarding their surface marker composition. However, compared to Mreg fewer L-EVMreg were positive for CD31 (P < 0.01), CD206 (P < 0.05), CD103 (P < 0.01) and CD45 (P < 0.05). Proteome profiling suggested that L-EVMreg contain abundant amounts of pro-angiogenic proteins (i.e. interleukin-8, platelet factor 4 and serpin E1). From a functional point of view L-EVMreg positively influenced in-vitro wound healing (P < 0.05) and several pro-angiogenic parameters in tube formation assays (all segment associated parameters, P < 0.05; number of meshes, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION L-EVMreg with regenerative and pro-angiogenic potential can be reproducibly isolated from in-vitro cultured human regulatory macrophages. We propose that L-EVMreg could represent a putative therapeutic option for the treatment of chronic wounds and ischemia-associated diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Albrecht
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Schwanenweg 21, 24105, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Lars Hummitzsch
- grid.412468.d0000 0004 0646 2097Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Schwanenweg 21, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Rene Rusch
- grid.412468.d0000 0004 0646 2097Clinic of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Katharina Heß
- grid.412468.d0000 0004 0646 2097Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Markus Steinfath
- grid.412468.d0000 0004 0646 2097Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Schwanenweg 21, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Jochen Cremer
- grid.412468.d0000 0004 0646 2097Clinic of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Frank Lichte
- grid.9764.c0000 0001 2153 9986Department of Anatomy, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Fred Fändrich
- grid.412468.d0000 0004 0646 2097Clinic for Applied Cell Therapy, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Rouven Berndt
- grid.412468.d0000 0004 0646 2097Clinic of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Karina Zitta
- grid.412468.d0000 0004 0646 2097Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Schwanenweg 21, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Rayamajhi S, Sulthana S, Ferrel C, Shrestha TB, Aryal S. Extracellular vesicles production and proteomic cargo varies with incubation time and temperature. Exp Cell Res 2023; 422:113454. [PMID: 36584743 PMCID: PMC9878443 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2022.113454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are heterogenous populations of proteolipid bi-layered vesicles secreted by cells as an important biological process. EVs cargo can reflect the cellular environmental conditions in which cells grow. The use of serum-free conditioned media to harvest EVs leads to stress-mediated cellular changes with longer incubation time and impacts EV production and functionality. This study aims to explore the role of incubation time and temperature on EV production and proteomic cargo. For this purpose, an optimized ultrafiltration-size exclusion chromatography-based technique is developed, which isolates small EVs ranging from 130 to 220 nm. The result shows higher EVs production in cancerous cells (K7M2) compared to noncancerous cells (NIH/3T3), which increases with longer incubation time and elevated temperature. Mass spectrometry-based proteomic characterization of EVs showed incubation time and temperature-dependent proteomic profile. A set of enriched EV proteins were identified in EVs isolated at nutrient-stress (72 h incubation time) and heat-stress (40 °C incubation temperature) environment. Enrichment of Serpinb1a in EVs isolated in heat stress was further validated via immunoblot. Gene enrichment analysis revealed that enriched EV proteins following nutrient stress were involved in negative regulation of transcription, response to oxidative stress, and protein folding. Likewise, enriched EV proteins following heat stress were involved in oxaloacetate and aspartate metabolism, and glutamate catabolic process. EVs isolated under nutrient stress showed pro-proliferative activity whereas EVs isolated under heat stress showed anti-proliferative activity. Our results show that incubation time and temperature can alter EV production, its proteomic cargo, and functionality, which can be used to design need-based standard isolation parameters for reproducible EV research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sagar Rayamajhi
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA; Nanotechnology Innovation Center of Kansas State, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Shoukath Sulthana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Health Outcomes, The Ben and Maytee Fisch College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Tyler. W.T. Brookshire Hall 370, Tyler, TX, 75799, USA
| | - Colin Ferrel
- Nanotechnology Innovation Center of Kansas State, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Tej B Shrestha
- Nanotechnology Innovation Center of Kansas State, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA; Department of Anatomy & Physiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Santosh Aryal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Health Outcomes, The Ben and Maytee Fisch College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Tyler. W.T. Brookshire Hall 370, Tyler, TX, 75799, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Extracellular vesicles throughout development: A potential roadmap for emerging glioblastoma therapies. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2023; 133:32-41. [PMID: 35697594 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-delimited vesicular bodies carrying different molecules, classified according to their size, density, cargo, and origin. Research on this topic has been actively growing through the years, as EVs are associated with critical pathological processes such as neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. Despite that, studies exploring the physiological functions of EVs are sparse, with particular emphasis on their role in organismal development, initial cell differentiation, and morphogenesis. In this review, we explore the topic of EVs from a developmental perspective, discussing their role in the earliest cell-fate decisions and neural tissue morphogenesis. We focus on the function of EVs through development to highlight possible conserved or novel processes that can impact disease progression. Specifically, we take advantage of what was learned about their role in development so far to discuss EVs impact on glioblastoma, a particular brain tumor of stem-cell origin and poor prognosis, and how their function can be hijacked to improve current therapies.
Collapse
|
41
|
Wu Y, Eisel UL. Microglia-Astrocyte Communication in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 95:785-803. [PMID: 37638434 PMCID: PMC10578295 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Microglia and astrocytes are regarded as active participants in the central nervous system under various neuropathological conditions, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Both microglia and astrocyte activation have been reported to occur with a spatially and temporarily distinct pattern. Acting as a double-edged sword, glia-mediated neuroinflammation may be both detrimental and beneficial to the brain. In a variety of neuropathologies, microglia are activated before astrocytes, which facilitates astrocyte activation. Yet reactive astrocytes can also prevent the activation of adjacent microglia in addition to helping them become activated. Studies describe changes in the genetic profile as well as cellular and molecular responses of these two types of glial cells that contribute to dysfunctional immune crosstalk in AD. In this paper, we construct current knowledge of microglia-astrocyte communication, highlighting the multifaceted functions of microglia and astrocytes and their role in AD. A thorough comprehension of microglia-astrocyte communication could hasten the creation of novel AD treatment approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Wu
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Ulrich L.M. Eisel
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Jiao L, Yu Z, Zhong X, Yao W, Xing L, Ma G, Shen J, Wu Y, Du K, Liu J, Tong J, Fu J, Wei M, Liu M. Cordycepin improved neuronal synaptic plasticity through CREB-induced NGF upregulation driven by MG-M2 polarization: a microglia-neuron symphony in AD. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 157:114054. [PMID: 36462314 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Microglia-neuron crosstalk is critically involved in synaptic plasticity and degeneration by releasing diverse mediators in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Therefore, determining contributors that modulate the systemic microenvironment is essential. Cordycepin (CCS) is a novel neuroprotective compound obtained from Cordyceps militaris. However, the anti-AD efficacy and potential mechanism of CCS treatment remain unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the microglia-neuron symphony in AD after CCS treatment and to explore the possible mechanisms of its neuroprotective efficacy. METHODS AND RESULTS CCS treatment improved learning and memory impairment in 9-month-old APP/PS1 mice by behavioral tests. CCS polarized the microglia from M1 to M2, inhibited neuronal apoptosis and promoted synaptic remodeling accompanied by in vivo and in vitro upregulation of NGF. The cAMP-response element-binding protein (CREB) was also activated after MG-M2 polarization. Further, we verified that the sg3 promoter region of NGF (-1018 to -1011) is the key binding site for CREB-induced NGF transcription, which increased NGF expression and secretion. Finally, microglia-derived NGF was confirmed as an important mediator in microglia-neuron symphony to improve the neuronal microenvironment after CCS treatment. CONCLUSIONS CCS improved the neuronal synaptic plasticity and senescence by promoting MG-M2 activation driven by CREB-induced NGF upregulation and facilitated symphony communication between the microglia and neuron in AD. This study provides a new perspective on the development of a novel strategy for anti-AD therapy and offers new targets for anti-AD drug development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linchi Jiao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China.
| | - Zhihua Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China.
| | - Xin Zhong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China.
| | - Weifan Yao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China.
| | - Lijuan Xing
- Precision Laboratory of Panjin Central Hospital, Panjin, 124000, China.
| | - Guowei Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China.
| | - Jiajia Shen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China.
| | - Yuqiang Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China.
| | - Ke Du
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China.
| | - Junxiu Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China.
| | - Junhui Tong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China.
| | - Jia Fu
- Liaoning Medical Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Shenyang, 110179, China.
| | - Minjie Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China; Liaoning Medical Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Shenyang, 110179, China.
| | - Mingyan Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Gomes P, Tzouanou F, Skolariki K, Vamvaka-Iakovou A, Noguera-Ortiz C, Tsirtsaki K, Waites CL, Vlamos P, Sousa N, Costa-Silva B, Kapogiannis D, Sotiropoulos I. Extracellular vesicles and Alzheimer's disease in the novel era of Precision Medicine: implications for disease progression, diagnosis and treatment. Exp Neurol 2022; 358:114183. [PMID: 35952764 PMCID: PMC9985072 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), secreted membranous nano-sized particles, are critical intercellular messengers participating in nervous system homeostasis, while recent evidence implicates EVs in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. Specifically, small EVs have been shown to spread toxic proteins, induce neuronal loss, and contribute to neuroinflammation and AD progression. On the other hand, EVs can reduce amyloid-beta deposition and transfer neuroprotective substances between cells, mitigating disease mechanisms. In addition to their roles in AD pathogenesis, EVs also exhibit great potential for the diagnosis and treatment of other brain disorders, representing an advantageous tool for Precision Medicine. Herein, we summarize the contribution of small EVs to AD-related mechanisms and disease progression, as well as their potential as diagnostic and therapeutic agents for AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Gomes
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Foteini Tzouanou
- Institute of Biosciences & Applications NCSR "Demokritos", Athens, Greece
| | | | - Anastasia Vamvaka-Iakovou
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal; Institute of Biosciences & Applications NCSR "Demokritos", Athens, Greece
| | - Carlos Noguera-Ortiz
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Katerina Tsirtsaki
- Institute of Biosciences & Applications NCSR "Demokritos", Athens, Greece
| | - Clarissa L Waites
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Nuno Sousa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Bruno Costa-Silva
- Systems Oncology Group, Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Av. Brasília, 1400-038 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Dimitrios Kapogiannis
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ioannis Sotiropoulos
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal; Institute of Biosciences & Applications NCSR "Demokritos", Athens, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Soni N, Tripathi A, Mukherjee S, Gupta S, Mohanty S, Basu A, Banerjee A. Bone marrow-derived extracellular vesicles modulate the abundance of infiltrating immune cells in the brain and exert an antiviral effect against the Japanese encephalitis virus. FASEB Bioadv 2022; 4:798-815. [PMID: 36479206 PMCID: PMC9721092 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2022-00071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have regenerative capacity and have reported a beneficial effect on the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) in an encephalitis model. However, the MSCs do not cross the blood-brain barrier and have other disadvantages limiting their therapeutic utility scope. Recently, there has been a shift in concept from a cell-based to a cell-free approach using MSCs-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs). The MSC-EVs retain regenerative and immunomodulatory capacity as their parental cells. However, the role of MSC-EVs in limiting JEV pathology remains elusive. In this study, we have used Bone marrow (BM)-derived EV (BM-EVs) and assessed their effect on JEV replication and pathogenesis in primary neuronal stem cells and a murine model. The in vitro and in vivo studies suggested that BM-derived EVs delay JEV-induced symptoms and death in mice, improve the length of survival, accelerate neurogenesis in primary neuronal stem cells, reduce JEV-induced neuronal death, and attenuate viral replication. BM-EVs treatment upregulated interferon-stimulated genes. Flow cytometry analysis revealed a reduction in the frequency of macrophages. At the same time, CD4+ T cells and neutrophils were significantly augmented, accompanied by the alteration of cytokine expression with the administration of BM-EVs, reinforcing the immunomodulatory role of EVs during JEV-induced encephalitis. In conclusion, our study describes the beneficial role of BM-EVs in limiting JEV pathology by attenuating virus replication, enhancing antiviral response, and neurogenesis in primary neuronal stem cells. However, BM-EVs do not seem to protect BBB integrity and alter immune cell infiltration into the treated brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naina Soni
- Laboratory of VirologyRegional Centre for BiotechnologyFaridabadIndia
| | - Aarti Tripathi
- Laboratory of VirologyRegional Centre for BiotechnologyFaridabadIndia
| | - Sriparna Mukherjee
- National Brain Research CentreManesarIndia
- Department of Pharmacology and PhysiologyPavilion Roger‐Gaudry, Universite de MontréalMontréalQuébecCanada
| | - Suchi Gupta
- DBT‐Centre of Excellence for Stem Cell Research, Stem Cell FacilityAll India Institute of Medical SciencesNew DelhiIndia
| | - Sujata Mohanty
- DBT‐Centre of Excellence for Stem Cell Research, Stem Cell FacilityAll India Institute of Medical SciencesNew DelhiIndia
| | | | - Arup Banerjee
- Laboratory of VirologyRegional Centre for BiotechnologyFaridabadIndia
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Rodrigues-Neves AC, Ambrósio AF, Gomes CA. Microglia sequelae: brain signature of innate immunity in schizophrenia. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:493. [PMID: 36443303 PMCID: PMC9705537 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-02197-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a psychiatric disorder with significant impact on individuals and society. The current pharmacologic treatment, which principally alleviates psychosis, is focused on neurotransmitters modulation, relying on drugs with severe side effects and ineffectiveness in a significant percentage of cases. Therefore, and due to difficulties inherent to diagnosis and treatment, it is vital to reassess alternative cellular and molecular drug targets. Distinct risk factors - genetic, developmental, epigenetic, and environmental - have been associated with disease onset and progression, giving rise to the proposal of different pathophysiological mechanisms and putative pharmacological targets. Immunity is involved and, particularly microglia - innate immune cells of the central nervous system, critically involved in brain development - have captured attention as cellular players. Microglia undergo marked morphologic and functional alterations in the human disease, as well as in animal models of schizophrenia, as reported in several original papers. We cluster the main findings of clinical studies by groups of patients: (1) at ultra-high risk of psychosis, (2) with a first episode of psychosis or recent-onset schizophrenia, and (3) with chronic schizophrenia; in translational studies, we highlight the time window of appearance of particular microglia alterations in the most well studied animal model in the field (maternal immune activation). The organization of clinical and translational findings based on schizophrenia-associated microglia changes in different phases of the disease course may help defining a temporal pattern of microglia changes and may drive the design of novel therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A. Catarina Rodrigues-Neves
- grid.8051.c0000 0000 9511 4342Univ Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, Portugal ,grid.8051.c0000 0000 9511 4342Univ Coimbra, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Coimbra, Portugal ,grid.8051.c0000 0000 9511 4342Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal ,grid.8051.c0000 0000 9511 4342Univ Coimbra, Faculty of Pharmacy, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - António. F. Ambrósio
- grid.8051.c0000 0000 9511 4342Univ Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, Portugal ,grid.8051.c0000 0000 9511 4342Univ Coimbra, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Coimbra, Portugal ,grid.8051.c0000 0000 9511 4342Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Catarina A. Gomes
- grid.8051.c0000 0000 9511 4342Univ Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, Portugal ,grid.8051.c0000 0000 9511 4342Univ Coimbra, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Coimbra, Portugal ,grid.8051.c0000 0000 9511 4342Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal ,grid.8051.c0000 0000 9511 4342Univ Coimbra, Faculty of Pharmacy, Coimbra, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Jin Y, Ma L, Zhang W, Yang W, Feng Q, Wang H. Extracellular signals regulate the biogenesis of extracellular vesicles. Biol Res 2022; 55:35. [PMID: 36435789 PMCID: PMC9701380 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-022-00405-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are naturally released membrane vesicles that act as carriers of proteins and RNAs for intercellular communication. With various biomolecules and specific ligands, EV has represented a novel form of information transfer, which possesses extremely outstanding efficiency and specificity compared to the classical signal transduction. In addition, EV has extended the concept of signal transduction to intercellular aspect by working as the collection of extracellular information. Therefore, the functions of EVs have been extensively characterized and EVs exhibit an exciting prospect for clinical applications. However, the biogenesis of EVs and, in particular, the regulation of this process by extracellular signals, which are essential to conduct further studies and support optimal utility, remain unclear. Here, we review the current understanding of the biogenesis of EVs, focus on the regulation of this process by extracellular signals and discuss their therapeutic value.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Jin
- Cancer Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Lele Ma
- Cancer Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanying Zhang
- Cancer Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Yang
- Cancer Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, People's Republic of China.,National Center for Liver Cancer, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital/Institute, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 20815, China
| | - Qiyu Feng
- Cancer Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hongyang Wang
- Cancer Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, People's Republic of China. .,National Center for Liver Cancer, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital/Institute, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 20815, China.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Eriksen MS, Bramham CR. Molecular physiology of Arc/Arg3.1: The oligomeric state hypothesis of synaptic plasticity. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2022; 236:e13886. [PMID: 36073248 PMCID: PMC9787330 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The immediate early gene, Arc, is a pivotal regulator of synaptic plasticity, memory, and cognitive flexibility. But what is Arc protein? How does it work? Inside the neuron, Arc is a protein interaction hub and dynamic regulator of intra-cellular signaling in synaptic plasticity. In remarkable contrast, Arc can also self-assemble into retrovirus-like capsids that are released in extracellular vesicles and capable of intercellular transfer of RNA. Elucidation of the molecular basis of Arc hub and capsid functions, and the relationship between them, is vital for progress. Here, we discuss recent findings on Arc structure-function and regulation of oligomerization that are giving insight into the molecular physiology of Arc. The unique features of mammalian Arc are emphasized, while drawing comparisons with Drosophila Arc and retroviral Gag. The Arc N-terminal domain, found only in mammals, is proposed to play a key role in regulating Arc hub signaling, oligomerization, and formation of capsids. Bringing together several lines of evidence, we hypothesize that Arc function in synaptic plasticity-long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD)-are dictated by different oligomeric forms of Arc. Specifically, monomer/dimer function in LTP, tetramer function in basic LTD, and 32-unit oligomer function in enhanced LTD. The role of mammalian Arc capsids is unclear but likely depends on the cross-section of captured neuronal activity-induced RNAs. As the functional states of Arc are revealed, it may be possible to selectively manipulate specific forms of Arc-dependent plasticity and intercellular communication involved in brain function and dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Clive R. Bramham
- Department of BiomedicineUniversity of BergenBergenNorway,Mohn Research Center for the BrainUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Clarkson BDS, Grund E, David K, Johnson RK, Howe CL. ISGylation is induced in neurons by demyelination driving ISG15-dependent microglial activation. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:258. [PMID: 36261842 PMCID: PMC9583544 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02618-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The causes of grey matter pathology and diffuse neuron injury in MS remain incompletely understood. Axonal stress signals arising from white matter lesions has been suggested to play a role in initiating this diffuse grey matter pathology. Therefore, to identify the most upstream transcriptional responses in neurons arising from demyelinated axons, we analyzed the transcriptome of actively translating neuronal transcripts in mouse models of demyelinating disease. Among the most upregulated genes, we identified transcripts associated with the ISGylation pathway. ISGylation refers to the covalent attachment of the ubiquitin-like molecule interferon stimulated gene (ISG) 15 to lysine residues on substrates targeted by E1 ISG15-activating enzyme, E2 ISG15-conjugating enzymes and E3 ISG15-protein ligases. We further confirmed that ISG15 expression is increased in MS cortical and deep gray matter. Upon investigating the functional impact of neuronal ISG15 upregulation, we noted that ISG15 expression was associated changes in neuronal extracellular vesicle protein and miRNA cargo. Specifically, extracellular vesicle-associated miRNAs were skewed toward increased frequency of proinflammatory and neurotoxic miRNAs and decreased frequency of anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective miRNAs. Furthermore, we found that ISG15 directly activated microglia in a CD11b-dependent manner and that microglial activation was potentiated by treatment with EVs from neurons expressing ISG15. Further study of the role of ISG15 and ISGylation in neurons in MS and neurodegenerative diseases is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D. S. Clarkson
- grid.66875.3a0000 0004 0459 167XDepartment of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905 USA ,grid.66875.3a0000 0004 0459 167XDepartment of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Guggenheim 1521C, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Ethan Grund
- grid.66875.3a0000 0004 0459 167XDepartment of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905 USA ,grid.66875.3a0000 0004 0459 167XMayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine and Mayo Clinic Medical Scientist Training Program, MN 55905 Rochester, USA
| | - Kenneth David
- grid.418935.20000 0004 0436 053XConcordia College, Moorhead, MN USA
| | - Renee K. Johnson
- grid.66875.3a0000 0004 0459 167XDepartment of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Charles L. Howe
- grid.66875.3a0000 0004 0459 167XDepartment of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905 USA ,grid.66875.3a0000 0004 0459 167XDivision of Experimental Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905 USA ,grid.66875.3a0000 0004 0459 167XCenter for Multiple Sclerosis and Autoimmune Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
miR-31 from Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Alleviates Intervertebral Disc Degeneration by Inhibiting NFAT5 and Upregulating the Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway. Stem Cells Int 2022; 2022:2164057. [PMID: 36311041 PMCID: PMC9615555 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2164057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we explored the regulatory mechanism of intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) that involves miR-31 shuttled by bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (BMSC-EVs) and its downstream signaling molecules. Nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) were isolated and treated with TNF-α to simulate IDD in vitro. The TNF-α-exposed NPCs were then cocultured with hBMSCs or hBMSC-EVs in vitro to detect the effects of hBMSC-EVs on NPC viability, apoptosis, and ECM degradation. Binding between miR-31 and NFAT5 was determined. A mouse model of IDD was prepared by vertebral disc puncture and injected with EVs from hBMSCs with miR-31 knockdown to discern the function of miR-31 in vivo. The results demonstrated that hBMSC-EVs delivered miR-31 into NPCs. hBMSC-EVs enhanced NPC proliferation and suppressed cell apoptosis and ECM degradation, which was associated with the transfer of miR-31 into NPCs. In NPCs, miR-31 bound to the 3′UTR of NFAT5 and inhibited NFAT5 expression, leading to activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and thus promoting NPC proliferation and reducing cell apoptosis and ECM degradation. In addition, miR-31 in hBMSC-EVs alleviated the IDD in mouse models. Taken together, miR-31 in hBMSC-EVs can alleviate IDD by targeting NFAT5 and activating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
Collapse
|
50
|
Andreeva D, Murashova L, Burzak N, Dyachuk V. Satellite Glial Cells: Morphology, functional heterogeneity, and role in pain. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:1019449. [PMID: 36274990 PMCID: PMC9583829 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.1019449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurons in the somatic, sympathetic, and parasympathetic ganglia are surrounded by envelopes consisting of satellite glial cells (SGCs). Recently, it has become clear that SGCs are highly altered after nerve injury, which influences neuronal excitability and, consequently, the development and maintenance of pain in different animal models of chronic pain. However, the exact mechanism underlying chronic pain is not fully understood yet because it is assumed that SGCs in different ganglia share many common peculiarities, making the process complex. Here, we review recent data on morphological and functional heterogeneity and changes in SGCs in various pain conditions and their role in response to injury. More research is required to decipher the role of SGCs in diseases, such as chronic pain, neuropathology, and neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
|