1
|
Sun Y, Zhang R, Tian L, Pan Y, Sun X, Huang Z, Fan J, Chen J, Zhang K, Li S, Chen W, Bazzano LA, Kelly TN, He J, Bundy JD, Li C. Novel Metabolites Associated With Blood Pressure After Dietary Interventions. Hypertension 2024; 81:1966-1975. [PMID: 39005213 PMCID: PMC11324412 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.124.22999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The blood pressure (BP) etiologic study is complex due to multifactorial influences, including genetic, environmental, lifestyle, and their intricate interplays. We used a metabolomics approach to capture internal pathways and external exposures and to study BP regulation mechanisms after well-controlled dietary interventions. METHODS In the ProBP trail (Protein and Blood Pressure), a double-blinded crossover randomized controlled trial, participants underwent dietary interventions of carbohydrate, soy protein, and milk protein, receiving 40 g daily for 8 weeks, with 3-week washout periods. We measured plasma samples collected at baseline and at the end of each dietary intervention. Multivariate linear models were used to evaluate the association between metabolites and systolic/diastolic BP. Nominally significant metabolites were examined for enriching biological pathways. Significant ProBP findings were evaluated for replication among 1311 participants of the BHS (Bogalusa Heart Study), a population-based study conducted in the same area as ProBP. RESULTS After Bonferroni correction for 77 independent metabolite clusters (α=6.49×10-4), 18 metabolites were significantly associated with BP at baseline or the end of a dietary intervention, of which 11 were replicated in BHS. Seven emerged as novel discoveries, which are as follows: 1-linoleoyl-GPE (18:2), 1-oleoyl-GPE (18:1), 1-stearoyl-2-linoleoyl-GPC (18:0/18:2), 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-GPE (16:0/18:1), maltose, N-stearoyl-sphinganine (d18:0/18:0), and N6-carbamoylthreonyladenosine. Pathway enrichment analyses suggested dietary protein intervention might reduce BP through pathways related to G protein-coupled receptors, incretin function, selenium micronutrient network, and mitochondrial biogenesis. CONCLUSIONS Seven novel metabolites were identified to be associated with BP at the end of different dietary interventions. The beneficial effects of protein interventions might be mediated through specific metabolic pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yixi Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA (Y.S., R.Z., L.T., Z.H., J.F., J.C., W.C., L.B., J.H., J.D.B., C.L.)
| | - Ruiyuan Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA (Y.S., R.Z., L.T., Z.H., J.F., J.C., W.C., L.B., J.H., J.D.B., C.L.)
| | - Ling Tian
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA (Y.S., R.Z., L.T., Z.H., J.F., J.C., W.C., L.B., J.H., J.D.B., C.L.)
| | - Yang Pan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago (Y.P., X.S., T.N.K.)
| | - Xiao Sun
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago (Y.P., X.S., T.N.K.)
| | - Zhijie Huang
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA (Y.S., R.Z., L.T., Z.H., J.F., J.C., W.C., L.B., J.H., J.D.B., C.L.)
| | - Jia Fan
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA (Y.S., R.Z., L.T., Z.H., J.F., J.C., W.C., L.B., J.H., J.D.B., C.L.)
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA (Y.S., R.Z., L.T., Z.H., J.F., J.C., W.C., L.B., J.H., J.D.B., C.L.)
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer (K.Z.)
| | - Shengxu Li
- Children's Minnesota Research Institute, Children's Minnesota, Minneapolis (S.L.)
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA (Y.S., R.Z., L.T., Z.H., J.F., J.C., W.C., L.B., J.H., J.D.B., C.L.)
| | - Lydia A Bazzano
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA (Y.S., R.Z., L.T., Z.H., J.F., J.C., W.C., L.B., J.H., J.D.B., C.L.)
| | - Tanika N Kelly
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago (Y.P., X.S., T.N.K.)
| | - Jiang He
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA (Y.S., R.Z., L.T., Z.H., J.F., J.C., W.C., L.B., J.H., J.D.B., C.L.)
| | - Joshua D Bundy
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA (Y.S., R.Z., L.T., Z.H., J.F., J.C., W.C., L.B., J.H., J.D.B., C.L.)
| | - Changwei Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA (Y.S., R.Z., L.T., Z.H., J.F., J.C., W.C., L.B., J.H., J.D.B., C.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Laflamme OD, Johnson N, Steele K, Chavez L, Cheng SY, Rabin HR, Cheema ZM, Mamic E, Gomez LC, Leong J, Quon BS, Sadatsafavi M, Stephenson AL, Wranik WD, Eckford PDW, Wallenburg J, Bowerman C, Stanojevic S. Socioeconomic burden of cystic fibrosis in Canada. BMJ Open Respir Res 2024; 11:e002309. [PMID: 39122474 PMCID: PMC11331897 DOI: 10.1136/bmjresp-2024-002309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cost of illness studies are important tools to summarise the burden of disease for individuals, the healthcare system and society. The lack of standardised methods for reporting costs for cystic fibrosis (CF) makes it difficult to quantify the total socioeconomic burden. In this study, we aimed to comprehensively report the socioeconomic burden of CF in Canada. METHODS The total cost of CF in Canada was calculated by triangulating information from three sources (Canadian CF Registry, customised Burden of Disease survey and publicly available information). A prevalence-based, bottom-up, human capital approach was applied, and costs were categorised into four perspectives (ie, healthcare system, individual/caregiver, variable (ie, medicines) and society) and three domains (ie, direct, indirect and intangible). All costs were converted into 2021 Canadian dollars (CAD) and adjusted for inflation. The cost of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulator therapies was excluded. RESULTS The total socioeconomic burden of CF in Canada in 2021 across the four perspectives was $C414 million. Direct costs accounted for two-thirds of the total costs, with medications comprising half of all direct costs. Out-of-pocket costs to individuals and caregivers represented 18.7% of all direct costs. Indirect costs representing absenteeism accounted for one-third of the total cost. CONCLUSION This comprehensive cost of illness study for CF represents a community-oriented approach describing the socioeconomic burden of living with CF and serves as a benchmark for future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olivier D Laflamme
- Department of Community Health, and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Noah Johnson
- Department of Community Health, and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Kim Steele
- Cystic Fibrosis Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Luis Chavez
- Department of Community Health, and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | | | - Harvey R Rabin
- Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Zain M Cheema
- Cystic Fibrosis Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eunice Mamic
- Cystic Fibrosis Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lilian C Gomez
- Department of Community Health, and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Jeanette Leong
- Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Bradley S Quon
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mohsen Sadatsafavi
- Respiratory Evaluation Sciences Program, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Anne L Stephenson
- Division of Respirology, St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - W Dominika Wranik
- Department of Community Health, and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Public and International Affairs, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | | | | | - Cole Bowerman
- Department of Community Health, and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sanja Stanojevic
- Department of Community Health, and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Qiu L, Liang C, Kochunov P, Hutchison KE, Sui J, Jiang R, Zhi D, Vergara VM, Yang X, Zhang D, Fu Z, Bustillo JR, Qi S, Calhoun VD. Associations of alcohol and tobacco use with psychotic, depressive and developmental disorders revealed via multimodal neuroimaging. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:326. [PMID: 39112461 PMCID: PMC11306356 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-03035-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
People affected by psychotic, depressive and developmental disorders are at a higher risk for alcohol and tobacco use. However, the further associations between alcohol/tobacco use and symptoms/cognition in these disorders remain unexplored. We identified multimodal brain networks involving alcohol use (n = 707) and tobacco use (n = 281) via supervised multimodal fusion and evaluated if these networks affected symptoms and cognition in people with psychotic (schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder/bipolar, n = 178/134/143), depressive (major depressive disorder, n = 260) and developmental (autism spectrum disorder/attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, n = 421/346) disorders. Alcohol and tobacco use scores were used as references to guide functional and structural imaging fusion to identify alcohol/tobacco use associated multimodal patterns. Correlation analyses between the extracted brain features and symptoms or cognition were performed to evaluate the relationships between alcohol/tobacco use with symptoms/cognition in 6 psychiatric disorders. Results showed that (1) the default mode network (DMN) and salience network (SN) were associated with alcohol use, whereas the DMN and fronto-limbic network (FLN) were associated with tobacco use; (2) the DMN and fronto-basal ganglia (FBG) related to alcohol/tobacco use were correlated with symptom and cognition in psychosis; (3) the middle temporal cortex related to alcohol/tobacco use was associated with cognition in depression; (4) the DMN related to alcohol/tobacco use was related to symptom, whereas the SN and limbic system (LB) were related to cognition in developmental disorders. In summary, alcohol and tobacco use were associated with structural and functional abnormalities in DMN, SN and FLN and had significant associations with cognition and symptoms in psychotic, depressive and developmental disorders likely via different brain networks. Further understanding of these relationships may assist clinicians in the development of future approaches to improve symptoms and cognition among psychotic, depressive and developmental disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Qiu
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain-Machine Intelligence Technology, Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China
| | - Chuang Liang
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain-Machine Intelligence Technology, Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China
| | - Peter Kochunov
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kent E Hutchison
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Jing Sui
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Rongtao Jiang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Dongmei Zhi
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Victor M Vergara
- Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS) Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Xiao Yang
- Huaxi Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Daoqiang Zhang
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain-Machine Intelligence Technology, Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China
| | - Zening Fu
- Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS) Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Juan R Bustillo
- Departments of Neurosciences and Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
| | - Shile Qi
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China.
- Key Laboratory of Brain-Machine Intelligence Technology, Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China.
| | - Vince D Calhoun
- Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS) Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hughes AD, Davey Smith G, Howe LD, Lawlor D, Jones S, Park CM, Chaturvedi N. Differences between brachial and aortic blood pressure in adolescence and their implications for diagnosis of hypertension. J Hypertens 2024; 42:1382-1389. [PMID: 38660719 PMCID: PMC11216383 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000003743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Blood pressure (BP) is the leading global cause of mortality, and its prevalence is increasing in children and adolescents. Aortic BP is lower than brachial BP in adults. We aimed to assess the extent of this difference and its impact on the diagnosis of hypertension among adolescents. METHODS We used data from 3850 participants from a UK cohort of births in the early 1990s in the Southwest of England, who attended their ∼17-year follow-up and had valid measures of brachial and aortic BP at that clinic [mean (SD) age 17.8 (0.4) years, 66% female individuals]. Data are presented as mean differences [95% prediction intervals] for both sexes. RESULTS Aortic systolic BP (SBP) was lower than brachial SBP [male, -22.3 (-31.2, -13.3) mmHg; female, -17.8 (-25.5, -10.0) mmHg]. Differences between aortic and brachial diastolic BP (DBP) were minimal. Based on brachial BP measurements, 101 male individuals (6%) and 22 female individuals (1%) were classified as hypertensive. In contrast, only nine male individuals (<1%) and 14 female individuals (<1%) met the criteria for hypertension based on aortic BP, and the predictive value of brachial BP for aortic hypertension was poor (positive-predictive value = 13.8%). Participants with aortic hypertension had a higher left ventricular mass index than those with brachial hypertension. CONCLUSION Brachial BP substantially overestimates aortic BP in adolescents because of marked aortic-to-brachial pulse pressure amplification. The use of brachial BP measurement may result in an overdiagnosis of hypertension during screening in adolescence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alun D. Hughes
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health & Ageing, Department of Population Science & Experimental Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London
| | - George Davey Smith
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, UK
| | - Laura D. Howe
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, UK
| | - Deborah Lawlor
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, UK
| | - Siana Jones
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health & Ageing, Department of Population Science & Experimental Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London
| | - Chloe M. Park
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health & Ageing, Department of Population Science & Experimental Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London
| | - Nish Chaturvedi
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health & Ageing, Department of Population Science & Experimental Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Jin Q, Mei J, Wong YC, Lam CLK, Wan EYF. Associations and attributable burden between risk factors and all-cause and cause-specific mortality at different ages in patients with hypertension. Hypertens Res 2024; 47:2053-2063. [PMID: 38783145 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-024-01717-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
It remains unclear the age-specific associations of risk factors with deaths and mortality burden attributable across age. In a territory-wide retrospective cohort, 1,012,228 adults with hypertension were identified. Comorbidities including diabetes, chronic kidney disease (CKD), cardiovascular disease (CVD), heart failure, and cancer, and risk factors including current smoking and suboptimal control of blood pressure (BP), glucose and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were defined. Associations of comorbidities/risk factors with all-cause and cause-specific mortality across age groups (18-54, 55-64, 65-74, and ≥75 years) were assessed. Population attributable fractions were also quantified. During a median follow-up of 10.7 years, 244,268 (24.1%) patients died, with pneumonia (7.2%), cancer (5.1%), and CVD (4.2%) being the leading causes. Despite increasing deaths with age, relative risk of mortality related to comorbidities/risk factors decreased with age; similar patterns were found for cause-specific mortality. The assessed risk factors accounted for 24.0% (95% CI 22.5%, 25.4%) deaths, with highest proportion in the youngest group (33.5% [28.1%, 38.5%] in 18-54 years vs 19.4% [17.0%, 21.6%] in ≥75 years). For mortality burden, CKD was the overall leading risk factor (12.7% [12.4%, 12.9%]) with higher proportions in older patients (11.1-13.1% in ≥65 years), while diabetes was the leading risk factor in younger patients (15.9-13.5% in 18-54 years). The association of comorbidities or risk factors with mortality is stronger in younger patients with hypertension, despite lower absolute mortality in young patients than in the elderly. Leading risk factors differed across age, highlighting the importance of targeted and precise risk management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Jin
- Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jie Mei
- Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yu Chit Wong
- Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Cindy Lo Kuen Lam
- Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Family Medicine, The University of Hong Kong - Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Eric Yuk Fai Wan
- Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health (D24H), Hong Kong SAR, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gangurde S, Shivale S, Rathod H, Verma P, Madamanchi D, Mahajan A, Kaushik PB, S J, Vajjala SM. Exploring the Determinants of Tobacco Usage Among Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study in Western Maharashtra. Cureus 2024; 16:e66755. [PMID: 39268314 PMCID: PMC11392507 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.66755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The widespread use of tobacco is a major global health threat, causing significant morbidity and mortality. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that annually, millions of people die prematurely due to tobacco use, with this number projected to increase significantly in the future. Developing countries, including India, bear a substantial burden of tobacco-related deaths, often beginning during adolescence. This study estimated the prevalence of tobacco use among adolescents in the 13-19 years age group, identified the types of tobacco products used, explored the reasons for initiation, and examined the influence of family, peers, and socio-demographic factors on tobacco use. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from August 2022 to June 2024 in a medical college's urban and rural field practice areas in Pune district, Maharashtra. A total of 310 adolescents were surveyed using convenience sampling. Data were collected using a pre-designed, pre-tested questionnaire, and statistical analysis was performed using Jamovi software version 2.3.28. Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests were applied to assess associations between variables. Results Out of 310 participants, 94 (30.32%, 95% CI: 25.25%-35.77%) reported using tobacco. Among these 94 participants, 82 (87.23%) used smokeless tobacco, 19 (20.21%) used the smoked form of tobacco, and seven (7.45%) used both forms. The mean age of initiation was 15.94 years for smoking and 15.59 years for smokeless tobacco. The data indicate a higher percentage of tobacco use among females (50%) compared to males (24.8%). However, in terms of absolute numbers, more males (60) than females (34) reported using tobacco due to the larger number of males in the study sample. The most common reasons for initiation included curiosity (43.74%) and peer pressure (53.99%). Specifically, 49 individuals (42.6%) aged 13-15 were using tobacco, compared to 23 individuals (30.3%) aged 16-17, and only 22 individuals (18.5%) aged 18-19. Participants from urban areas reported higher tobacco use (48%) compared to those from rural areas (46.7%). Among those from joint families, about 24 (31.6%) reported tobacco use, while in nuclear families, it was slightly lower at about 70 (29.9%). Conclusion Factors such as peer pressure and curiosity played significant roles in the initiation of tobacco use, with more than half of the participants citing peer influence as the primary reason for starting. This study revealed differences in tobacco usage patterns across age groups, with younger participants showing higher usage rates. The findings highlight the need for targeted interventions, such as health education and anti-tobacco media campaigns, to reduce tobacco use among adolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Gangurde
- Community Medicine, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune (Deemed to be University), Pune, IND
| | - Shubham Shivale
- Community Medicine, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune (Deemed to be University), Pune, IND
| | - Hetal Rathod
- Community Medicine, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune (Deemed to be University), Pune, IND
| | - Prerna Verma
- Community Medicine, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune (Deemed to be University), Pune, IND
| | - Divya Madamanchi
- Community Medicine, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune (Deemed to be University), Pune, IND
| | - Anil Mahajan
- Community Medicine, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune (Deemed to be University), Pune, IND
| | - Pratap B Kaushik
- Community Medicine, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune (Deemed to be University), Pune, IND
| | - Johnson S
- Community Medicine, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune (Deemed to be University), Pune, IND
| | - Sai Mahesh Vajjala
- Community Medicine, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune (Deemed to be University), Pune, IND
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Salimi Z, Aminnezhad Kavkani B, Allahyari P, Askarpour SA, Mahmoudi Z, Torkaman M, Hoseini MSM, Mousavi Z, Tajadod S, Valisoltani N, Khoshdooz S, Doaei S, Kooshki A, Gholamalizadeh M. Branched-chain amino acids and the risk of hypertension; a persian cohort-based study. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2024; 24:397. [PMID: 39085768 PMCID: PMC11290056 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-024-04045-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association of hypertension (HTN) and different types of dietary amino acids is not yet clear. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association of branch chain amino acids (BCAAs) and the prevention of HTN. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted on 4184 people aged 35 to 70 using data from the Sabzevar Persian cohort study in Sabzevar, Iran. Data on dietary intake of BCAAs including leucine, isoleucine, and valine were obtained using a validated Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Multivariable logistic regression analysis assessed the link between HTN and BCAAs. RESULTS The results showed that participants with HTN had a higher total protein and BCAAs intake than participants with normal BP (P < 0.01). A marginally significant association was found between the risk of HTN with the total intake of BCAAs (OR = 1.018, CI95%: 1.001-1.035, P = 0.04), leucine (OR = 1.040, CI95%:1.002-1.080, P = 0.03), isoleucine (OR = 1.068, CI95%:1.001-1.140, P = 0.04), and valine (OR = 1.060, CI95%:1.003-1.121, P = 0.04). However, the association disappeared after adjusting the total protein and calorie intake. CONCLUSIONS The results indicated that the dietary intake of BCAAs may be associated with the risk of HTN. Future longitudinal research is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Salimi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Pooneh Allahyari
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Ali Askarpour
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Division in Food Safety and Hygiene, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Mahmoudi
- Department of Nutrition, Science and Research Branch , Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdie Torkaman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Zahra Mousavi
- Nursing and Midwifery school, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shirin Tajadod
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, International Campus, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Valisoltani
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition Science and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Khoshdooz
- Faculty of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Saeid Doaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Akram Kooshki
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Department of Nutrition & Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran.
| | - Maryam Gholamalizadeh
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Miranda BCJ, Tustumi F, Nakamura ET, Shimanoe VH, Kikawa D, Waisberg J. Obesity and Colorectal Cancer: A Narrative Review. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:1218. [PMID: 39202500 PMCID: PMC11355959 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60081218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Revised: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Cancer is a multicausal disease, and environmental, cultural, socioeconomic, lifestyle, and genetic factors can influence the risk of developing cancer. Colorectal cancer (CRC) stands as the third most common cancer globally. Some countries have observed a rise in the incidence of CRC, especially among young people. This increase is associated with lifestyle changes over the last few decades, including changes in diet patterns, a sedentary lifestyle, and obesity. Currently, obesity and overweight account for approximately 39% of the world's population and increase the risk of overall mortality of certain cancer types. This study aims to conduct a literature review examining the association between obesity and CRC. Materials and Methods: This narrative review explored the pathophysiological mechanisms, treatment strategies, and challenges related to obesity and CRC. Results: Several studies have established a clear causal relationship between obesity and CRC, showing that individuals with morbid obesity are at a higher risk of developing colorectal cancer. The adipose tissue, particularly the visceral, secretes proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-alpha, interleukin-6, and C-reactive protein. Chronic inflammation is closely linked to cancer initiation and progression, with a complex interplay of molecular mechanisms underlying this association. Obesity can complicate the treatment of CRC due to several factors, reducing the therapeutic effectiveness and increasing the risk for adverse events during treatment. Dietary modification, calorie restriction, and other types of weight-control strategies can reduce the risk of CRC development and improve treatment outcomes. Conclusions: Obesity is intricately linked to CRC development and progression, making it a crucial target for intervention, whether through diet therapy, physical exercises, medical therapy, or bariatric surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Cristina Jardim Miranda
- Department of Surgery, Instituto de Assistência Médica ao Servidor Público Estadual—IAMSPE, Sao Paulo 04029-000, SP, Brazil
- Department of Surgery, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC—FMABC, Santo Andre 09060-870, SP, Brazil
| | - Francisco Tustumi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo—USP, Sao Paulo 14040-903, SP, Brazil
- Department of Health Sciences, Sociedade Beneficente Israelita Brasileira Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo 05652-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Eric Toshiyuki Nakamura
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo—USP, Sao Paulo 14040-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Victor Haruo Shimanoe
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo—USP, Sao Paulo 14040-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniel Kikawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo—USP, Sao Paulo 14040-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Jaques Waisberg
- Department of Surgery, Instituto de Assistência Médica ao Servidor Público Estadual—IAMSPE, Sao Paulo 04029-000, SP, Brazil
- Department of Surgery, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC—FMABC, Santo Andre 09060-870, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Damtew YT, Varghese BM, Anikeeva O, Tong M, Hansen A, Dear K, Zhang Y, Morgan G, Driscoll T, Capon T, Gourley M, Prescott V, Bi P. Current and future burden of Ross River virus infection attributable to increasing temperature in Australia: a population-based study. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. WESTERN PACIFIC 2024; 48:101124. [PMID: 39040035 PMCID: PMC11260579 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2024.101124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Background Ross River virus (RRV), Australia's most notifiable vector-borne disease transmitted through mosquito bites, has seen increased transmission due to rising temperatures. Quantifying the burden of RRV infection attributable to increasing temperatures (both current and future) is pivotal to inform prevention strategies in the context of climate change. Methods As RRV-related deaths are rare in Australia, we utilised years lived with disability (YLDs) associated with RRV infection data from the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW) Burden of Disease database between 2003 and 2018. We obtained relative risks per 1 °C temperature increase in RRV infection from a previous meta-analysis. Exposure distributions for each Köppen-Geiger climate zone were calculated separately and compared with the theoretical-minimum-risk exposure distribution to calculate RRV burden attributable to increasing temperatures during the baseline period (2003-2018), and projected future burdens for the 2030s and 2050s under two greenhouse gas emission scenarios (Representative Concentration Pathways, RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5), two adaptation scenarios, and different population growth series. Findings During the baseline period (2003-2018), increasing mean temperatures contributed to 35.8 (±0.5) YLDs (19.1%) of the observed RRV burden in Australia. The mean temperature attributable RRV burden varied across climate zones and jurisdictions. Under both RCP scenarios, the projected RRV burden is estimated to increase in the future despite adaptation scenarios. By the 2050s, without adaptation, the RRV burden could reach 45.8 YLDs under RCP4.5 and 51.1 YLDs under RCP8.5. Implementing a 10% adaptation strategy could reduce RRV burden to 41.8 and 46.4 YLDs, respectively. Interpretation These findings provide scientific evidence for informing policy decisions and guiding resource allocation for mitigating the future RRV burden. The current findings underscore the need to develop location-specific adaptation strategies for climate-sensitive disease control and prevention. Funding Australian Research Council Discovery Program.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yohannes Tefera Damtew
- School of Public Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
- College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, P.O.BOX 138, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
| | - Blesson Mathew Varghese
- School of Public Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
| | - Olga Anikeeva
- School of Public Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
| | - Michael Tong
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, ANU College of Health and Medicine, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Alana Hansen
- School of Public Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
| | - Keith Dear
- School of Public Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - Geoffrey Morgan
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - Tim Driscoll
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - Tony Capon
- Monash Sustainable Development Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michelle Gourley
- Burden of Disease and Mortality Unit, Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Vanessa Prescott
- Burden of Disease and Mortality Unit, Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Peng Bi
- School of Public Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Duus CL, Nielsen SF, Hornstrup BG, Mose FH, Bech JN. Self-Performed Dietary Sodium Reduction and Blood Pressure in Patients With Essential Hypertension: A Randomized Clinical Trial. J Am Heart Assoc 2024; 13:e034632. [PMID: 38842286 PMCID: PMC11255768 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.124.034632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertension is the leading risk factor for cardiovascular disease worldwide. Patients with blood pressure (BP) response to dietary sodium reduction are referred to as "salt sensitive." Salt sensitivity (SS) might be due to differences in sodium storage capacity and the erythrocyte SS examines this capacity of the red blood cells. This study aimed to test the effect of a self-performed sodium reduced diet on BP in patients with essential hypertension and examine whether erythrocyte SS predicts SS. METHODS AND RESULTS Seventy-two patients with hypertension were included and randomized 2:1 to either sodium reduction or a control group for 4 weeks. Blood samples, 24-hour BP measurement, and 24-hour urine collection were performed before and after. The intervention group received advice on how to lower sodium intake. Urinary sodium excretion decreased 66 mmol (95% CI, -96 to -37 mmol) in the intervention group compared with the control group. Systolic 24-hour BP decreased 9 mm Hg after low-sodium diet compared with the control group (95% CI, -13 to -4 mm Hg). Similarly, the difference in reduction in diastolic BP between the groups was 5 mm Hg (95% CI, -8 to -1 mm Hg). We found no correlation between erythrocyte SS at baseline and decrease in 24-hour BP, neither systolic nor diastolic (P=0.66 and P = 0.84). CONCLUSIONS Self-performed sodium reduction was feasible and led to decrease in 24-hour BP of 9/5 mm Hg compared with a control group. The erythrocyte SS did not correlate to the change in BP after lowering sodium intake. REGISTRATION URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov; Unique Identifier: NCT05165823.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Lundgreen Duus
- University Clinic in Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of MedicineGødstrup HospitalHerningDenmark
| | - Steffen Flindt Nielsen
- University Clinic in Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of MedicineGødstrup HospitalHerningDenmark
| | - Bodil Gade Hornstrup
- University Clinic in Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of MedicineGødstrup HospitalHerningDenmark
| | - Frank Holden Mose
- University Clinic in Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of MedicineGødstrup HospitalHerningDenmark
- Department of Clinical MedicineAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
| | - Jesper Nørgaard Bech
- University Clinic in Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of MedicineGødstrup HospitalHerningDenmark
- Department of Clinical MedicineAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hoebel J, Nowossadeck E, Michalski N, Baumert J, Wachtler B, Tetzlaff F. [Socioeconomic deprivation and premature mortality in Germany, 1998-2021 : An ecological study with what-if scenarios of inequality reduction]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2024; 67:528-537. [PMID: 38587641 PMCID: PMC11093858 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-024-03862-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Earlier mortality in socioeconomically disadvantaged population groups represents an extreme manifestation of health inequity. This study examines the extent, time trends, and mitigation potentials of area-level socioeconomic inequalities in premature mortality in Germany. METHODS Nationwide data from official cause-of-death statistics were linked at the district level with official population data and the German Index of Socioeconomic Deprivation (GISD). Age-standardized mortality rates before the age of 75 were calculated stratified by sex and deprivation quintile. A what-if analysis with counterfactual scenarios was applied to calculate how much lower premature mortality would be overall if socioeconomic mortality inequalities were reduced. RESULTS Men and women in the highest deprivation quintile had a 43% and 33% higher risk of premature death, respectively, than those in the lowest deprivation quintile of the same age. Higher mortality rates with increasing deprivation were found for cardiovascular and cancer mortality, but also for other causes of death. Socioeconomic mortality inequalities had started to increase before the COVID-19 pandemic and further exacerbated in the first years of the pandemic. If all regions had the same mortality rate as those in the lowest deprivation quintile, premature mortality would be 13% lower overall. DISCUSSION The widening gap in premature mortality between deprived and affluent regions emphasizes that creating equivalent living conditions across Germany is also an important field of action for reducing health inequity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jens Hoebel
- Fachgebiet Soziale Determinanten der Gesundheit, Abteilung für Epidemiologie und Gesundheitsmonitoring, Robert Koch-Institut, Berlin, Deutschland.
| | - Enno Nowossadeck
- Fachgebiet Soziale Determinanten der Gesundheit, Abteilung für Epidemiologie und Gesundheitsmonitoring, Robert Koch-Institut, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Niels Michalski
- Fachgebiet Soziale Determinanten der Gesundheit, Abteilung für Epidemiologie und Gesundheitsmonitoring, Robert Koch-Institut, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Jens Baumert
- Fachgebiet Körperliche Gesundheit, Abteilung für Epidemiologie und Gesundheitsmonitoring, Robert Koch-Institut, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Benjamin Wachtler
- Fachgebiet Soziale Determinanten der Gesundheit, Abteilung für Epidemiologie und Gesundheitsmonitoring, Robert Koch-Institut, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Fabian Tetzlaff
- Fachgebiet Soziale Determinanten der Gesundheit, Abteilung für Epidemiologie und Gesundheitsmonitoring, Robert Koch-Institut, Berlin, Deutschland
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wang Z, Wang S, Lin H, Wang C, Gao D. Prevalence of hypertension and related risk factors in older Chinese population: a meta-analysis. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1320295. [PMID: 38686031 PMCID: PMC11056525 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1320295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Hypertension is the most challenging public health problem worldwide and seriously affects human health. To date, there are no epidemiological studies on the prevalence of and risk factors for hypertension among older people in mainland China. Methods We conducted a meta-analysis of the prevalence and risk factors of hypertension among the older population in mainland China. We searched Chinese and English databases for Chinese and English literature on hypertension epidemiology published between 2000 and 2022, and hypertension data among the older population were extracted from the included literature. A meta-analysis was performed using a random-effects model (I2 > 50%) with 95% confidence intervals for the forest plots. Data were processed using RevMan 5.3. Forty-nine publications (with data from 84,429 samples) met the evaluation criteria and were included in this study. Results We found that the total prevalence of hypertension was 47%. The total prevalence rate of the older population in China from 2000 to 2010 was 50%, and the prevalence rate from 2011 to 2021 was 45%, with no significant differences. The total prevalence in Central China was the highest (59%). There was no significant correlation between the prevalence rate of the older population, sex, and urban or rural areas. Conclusion Hypertension is common among the older population in China, and its control rate is low. Therefore, effective prevention and treatment measures, as well as education, should be formulated to improve the diagnosis and treatment of hypertension in the older population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Da Gao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Noh YH, Jung KI. The Relationship between Myopia and Obesity in Adults. KOREAN JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2024; 38:137-146. [PMID: 38449306 PMCID: PMC11016688 DOI: 10.3341/kjo.2023.0102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the relationship between myopia and obesity through direct measurements of fat content. METHODS A cross-sectional study used a stratified, multistage survey, the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2008-2010). Subjects 19 years or older (n = 10,305) were included. Participants were divided into three groups according to refractive status: myopia (spherical equivalent [SE] ≤ -1.0 diopter [D]), emmetropia (-1.0 D < SE ≤ 1.0 D), and hyperopia (SE > 1.0 D). Obesity was investigated with assessment of fat mass and body mass index or waist circumference. Fat mass was measured with whole-body dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. Body fat percentage was calculated as (total fat mass / body weight × 100). RESULTS Higher obesity index was found in individuals with myopic eyes after adjustment for age, sex, education level, income status, physical activity, residence, and serum vitamin D level. The significant difference in total body fat percentages among myopia, emmetropia, and hyperopia was significant in the young age group (19-39 years, p < 0.05) but not in the middle age group (40-64 years) and the old age group (≥65 years). Individuals with a higher percentage of total body fat had greater odds ratios for myopia (fourth quartile of body fat; odds ratio, 1.352; 95% confidence interval, 1.178-1.551). CONCLUSIONS An association was found between adiposity and myopia in relatively young adults using direct measurements of fat mass.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young Ho Noh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoung In Jung
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Javaid S, Frasier K, Chaudhary AJ. Impact of obesity on in-hospital mortality and morbidity among patients admitted for antineoplastic chemotherapy: a nationwide analysis. Clin Transl Oncol 2024; 26:977-984. [PMID: 37947942 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-023-03335-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a complex and multifactorial medical condition that can have far reaching consequences on cancer patients, particularly those undergoing treatment such as chemotherapy. Our study focuses to comprehensively explore the various adverse outcomes in obese patients receiving chemotherapy during hospitalization. METHODS The National Inpatient Sample 2020 was used using the ICD-10 codes to identify patients hospitalized with a primary discharge diagnosis of neoplastic chemotherapy with or without a secondary diagnosis of obesity. Statistical analysis using Stata software was done, and primary and secondary outcomes were obtained after adjusting for confounders using multivariate regression analysis. RESULTS Mortality was similar in both obese and non-obese patients. Length of stay and total hospitalization charges were increased in obese patients. Obese patients had higher odds of developing acute respiratory failure and were more likely to require non-invasive and invasive mechanical ventilation. CONCLUSION Our study concluded that obesity could be considered an independent predictor of worse outcomes in patients admitted for neoplastic chemotherapy. Notably, addressing obesity could help to improve the efficacy of treatment for cancer patients while simultaneously reducing any negative consequences associated with being obese.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saad Javaid
- Wyckoff Heights Medical Center, 374 Stockholm St, Brooklyn, NY, 11237, USA.
| | - Kelly Frasier
- A.T. Still University School of Osteopathic Medicine (Mesa, AZ), 5850 E, Still Circle, Mesa, AZ, 85206, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Atella V, Belotti F, Giaccherini M, Medea G, Nicolucci A, Sbraccia P, Mortari AP. Lifetime costs of overweight and obesity in Italy. ECONOMICS AND HUMAN BIOLOGY 2024; 53:101366. [PMID: 38354596 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2024.101366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
We use longitudinal electronic clinical data on a large representative sample of the Italian population to estimate the lifetime profile costs of different BMI classes - normal weight, overweight, and obese (I, II, and III) - in a primary care setting. Our research reveals that obese patients generate the highest cost differential throughout their lives compared to normal weight patients. Moreover, we show that overweight individuals spend less than those with normal weight, primarily due to reduced expenditures beginning in early middle age. Our estimates could serve as a vital benchmark for policymakers looking to prioritize public interventions that address the obesity pandemic while considering the increasing obesity rates projected by the OECD until 2030.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Atella
- Department of Economics and Finance, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Italy; CEIS Tor Vergata, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Italy.
| | - Federico Belotti
- Department of Economics and Finance, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Italy; CEIS Tor Vergata, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Italy
| | | | - Gerardo Medea
- Center for Outcomes Research and Clinical Epidemiology - CORESEARCH, Pescara, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Sbraccia
- Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Piano Mortari
- Department of Economics and Finance, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Italy; Department Programming, Ministry of Health, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Du T, Xu Y, Xu X, Xiong S, Zhang L, Dong B, Huang J, Huang T, Xiao M, Xiong T, Xie M. ACE inhibitory peptides from enzymatic hydrolysate of fermented black sesame seed: Random forest-based optimization, screening, and molecular docking analysis. Food Chem 2024; 437:137921. [PMID: 37944395 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, black sesame seeds were fermented by Lactobacillus Plantarum NCU116 and then hydrolyzed using acid protease to improve Angiotensin-I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity. The random forest-particle swarm optimization (RF-PSO) model was applied to predict the ACE inhibitory activity during the hydrolysis process based on the experimental data. After separating by adsorption chromatography, gel filtration chromatography, and reversed phased-high performance liquid chromatography and then screening in silico method, eight peptides were identified from fermented black sesame seed hydrolysates as ITAPHW, SLPNYHPSPR, QYLPR, IRPNGL, YHNAPIL, LSYPR, GFAGDDAPRA, and LDPNPRSF with IC50 values of 51.69 μM, 146.67 μM, 655.02 μM, 752.60 μM, 1.02 mM, 2.01 mM, 1.97 mM, and 3.43 mM, respectively. ITAPHW and SLPNYHPSPR exhibited high antioxidant activity and inhibited the ACE activity in a non-competitive pattern. Molecular docking revealed that the strong ACE inhibition of ITAPHW and SLPNYHPSPR is probably attributed to the interaction with Zn2+ of ACE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tonghao Du
- School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, No. 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Yazhou Xu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, No. 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Xiaoyan Xu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, No. 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Shijin Xiong
- School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, No. 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Linli Zhang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, No. 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Biao Dong
- School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, No. 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Jinqing Huang
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 602 Nanlian Road, Nanchang 330200, China
| | - Tao Huang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, No. 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China; International Institute of Food Innovation, Nanchang University, Luozhu Road, Xiaolan Economic and Technological Development Zone, Nanchang 330052, China
| | - Muyan Xiao
- School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, No. 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China; International Institute of Food Innovation, Nanchang University, Luozhu Road, Xiaolan Economic and Technological Development Zone, Nanchang 330052, China
| | - Tao Xiong
- School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, No. 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China; State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, No. 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China.
| | - Mingyong Xie
- School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, No. 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China; State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, No. 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhang Y, Abdin E, Sambasivam R, Shafie S, Roystonn K, Vaingankar JA, Chong SA, Subramaniam M. Changes in body mass index and its association with socio-demographic characteristics between 2010 and 2016 in Singapore. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1374806. [PMID: 38601489 PMCID: PMC11004428 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1374806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Epidemiological studies have observed an increase in the prevalence of obesity in both western and Asian countries. This study aims to compare the distribution of body mass index (BMI) in the general population of Singapore between 2010 and 2016, and to explore the socio-demographic risk factors associated with it. Methods Data for this study were extracted from two national-wise studies in 2010 and 2016, two population-based, cross-sectional epidemiological studies. BMI cut-off scores were used as an indicator to assess obesity in this study, and the data included in the analysis was self-reported by the respondents. Results Overall, the study observed decreasing prevalence in underweight and normal weight categories; and an increasing prevalence in overweight and obesity categories in the Singapore adult population between 2010 and 2016. Age, gender, ethnicity, marital status, and educational level were found to be significantly associated with BMI categories. Conclusion The observed increase in the population's BMI between 2010 and 2016 may lead to an increase in the incidence of chronic diseases in Singapore. Our study findings add to the existing local literature and provides data for evidence-based policymaking on health-related interventions and program planning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunjue Zhang
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wu N, Li P, Shuang Q, Wuhanqimuge. Screening and molecular dynamics simulation of ACE inhibitory tripeptides derived from milk fermented with Lactobacillus delbrueckii QS306. Food Funct 2024; 15:2655-2667. [PMID: 38362628 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo03320a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Peptides in milk fermented with Lactobacillus delbrueckii QS306 before and after ultrahigh pressure treatment were identified using proteomics. Subsequently, 16 stable tripeptides were screened out based on activity score prediction, PeptideCutter analysis, and hydrophobicity calculations. Among them, WRP, WSR, and YRP showed the best angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity, and their semi-inhibitory concentrations were 46.707, 300.121, and 89.555 μM, respectively. WRP and WSR were competitive inhibitors, whereas YRP was non-competitive. Gastrointestinal simulation revealed that WRP and YRP had better gastrointestinal stability. The values of RMSD, ΔGbind, ΔGpol, and RSMF obtained from molecular dynamics simulation indicated that the interaction of WRP and ACE was stable. Thus, Lactobacillus delbrueckii QS306-fermented milk can serve as an important source of ACE inhibitory peptides both before and after ultrahigh pressure treatment. The strategy of in silico screening, activity evaluation, and molecular dynamics simulation adopted in this study can be applied to the large-scale screening of novel peptides with high ACE inhibitory activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wu
- Department of College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010018, People's Republic of China.
| | - Puyu Li
- Department of College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010018, People's Republic of China.
| | - Quan Shuang
- Department of College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010018, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wuhanqimuge
- Experimental center, Inner Mongolia Traditional Chinese & Mongolian Medical Research Institute, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010017, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Bayoumi RR, Hurt L, Zhang N, Law YJ, Venetis C, Fatem HM, Serour GI, van der Poel S, Boivin J. A critical systematic review and meta-analyses of risk factors for fertility problems in a globalized world. Reprod Biomed Online 2024; 48:103217. [PMID: 38244345 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2023.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Globally, fertility awareness efforts include well-established risk factors for fertility problems. Risks disproportionately affecting women in the Global South, however, are neglected. To address this gap, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analyses of relevant risk factors to examine the association between risk factors and fertility problems. MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, regional databases and key organizational websites were used. Three authors screened and extracted data independently. Studies assessing exposure to risk (clinical, community-based samples) were included, and studies without control groups were excluded. Outcome of interest was fertility problems, e.g. inability to achieve pregnancy, live birth, neonatal death depending on study. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to assess study quality. A total of 3843 studies were identified, and 62 were included (58 in meta-analyses; n = 111,977). Results revealed the following: a ninefold risk of inability to become pregnant in genital tuberculosis (OR 8.91, 95% CI 1.89 to 42.12); an almost threefold risk in human immunodeficiency virus (OR 2.93, 95% CI 1.95 to 4.42) and bacterial vaginosis (OR 2.81, 95% CI 1.85 to 4.27); a twofold risk of tubal-factor infertility in female genital mutilation/cutting-Type II/III (OR 2.06, 95% CI 1.03 to 4.15); and postnatal mortality in consanguinity (stillbirth, OR 1.28, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.57; neonatal death, OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.22 to 2.02). It seems that risk factors affected reproductive processes through multiple pathways. Health promotion encompassing relevant health indicators could enhance prevention and early detection of fertility problems in the Global South and disproportionately affected populations. The multifactorial risk profile reinforces the need to place fertility within global health initiatives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lisa Hurt
- Division of Population Medicine, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, Wales, UK
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Yin Jun Law
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Canberra Hospital, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Christos Venetis
- Centre for Big Data Research in Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Jacky Boivin
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ferrero-Hernández P, Farías-Valenzuela C, Castillo-Paredes A, Rezende LFM, Cristi-Montero C, Sadarangani KP, Christofaro DGD, Ferrari G. Preventable incidence cases from non-communicable diseases attributable to insufficient physical activity in Chile. Public Health 2024; 226:53-57. [PMID: 38006742 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2023.10.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Lack of sufficient physical activity (PA) has been associated with an increased risk of several non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and all-cause mortality. This study aimed to estimate the number of preventable incidence cases of NCDs attributable to insufficient PA in the Chilean population. STUDY DESIGN Comparative risk assessment modelling study. METHODS This study examined data from 5834 participants aged ≥20 years from the Chilean National Survey (2016-2017). PA was assessed by the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ), and metabolic equivalent of tasks (METs) were assigned according to PA intensity. Estimated incidence cases of NCDs in Chile in 2019 were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease study. Relative risks for breast cancer, colon cancer, ischaemic heart disease, diabetes and stroke were obtained from a published meta-analysis and applied to the prevalence of insufficient PA estimates through the potential impact fraction equation. RESULTS High levels of PA (≥8000 MET-min/week) could potentially avoid more than 22,000 (64.6 %) incidence NCD cases, ranging from 498 (10.1 %) preventable cases of breast cancer to 5629 (14.7 %) cases of diabetes. Other modelled scenarios also showed to reduce the incidence cases of all five NCDs but to a lesser extent; where at least PA recommendation was achieved, preventable NCDs were reduced by 6522 cases (18.7 %), and where a 10 % relative reduction in insufficient PA level in the population was achieved, preventable NCDs were reduced by 651 (1.8 %) cases. CONCLUSIONS The study results provide estimates for the incidence cases of preventable NCDs attributable to insufficient PA, highlighting the important role of PA in NCD prevention in Chile.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Ferrero-Hernández
- Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Escuela de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud, Chile
| | - C Farías-Valenzuela
- Facultad de Ciencias para el Cuidado de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, Lota 2465, Providencia 7510157, Chile
| | - A Castillo-Paredes
- Grupo AFySE, Investigación en Actividad Física y Salud Escolar, Escuela de Pedagogía en Educación Física, Facultad de Educación, Universidad de Las Américas, Santiago 8370040, Chile
| | - L F M Rezende
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - C Cristi-Montero
- IRyS Group, Physical Education School, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - K P Sadarangani
- Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Providencia, Chile; Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Salud y Odontología, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile
| | - D G D Christofaro
- Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, Physical Education Department, School of Technology and Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - G Ferrari
- Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Escuela de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud, Chile.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Allaire J, Lévesque B, Poirier P, Gagnon C, Auclair G, Lemire M, Ayotte P. Prevalence and determinants of hypertension in the adult Inuit population of Nunavik (northern Quebec, Canada). CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH = REVUE CANADIENNE DE SANTE PUBLIQUE 2024; 115:168-179. [PMID: 37155001 PMCID: PMC10830977 DOI: 10.17269/s41997-023-00774-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the prevalence of arterial hypertension among Inuit adults living in Nunavik (northern Quebec, Canada) in 2017 and identify its sociodemographic and lifestyle determinants. METHODS We used data obtained from 1177 Inuit adults aged ≥ 18 years who participated in the cross-sectional Qanuilirpitaa? Nunavik Inuit Health Survey during late summer-early fall of 2017. Resting blood pressure (BP) and anthropometric characteristics were measured during a clinical session, while sociodemographic characteristics and lifestyle habits were documented using validated questionnaires. Information on current medication was retrieved from medical files. Sex-stratified population-weighted log-binomial regressions were conducted to identify determinants of hypertension, adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS Hypertension (systolic BP ≥ 140 mm Hg or diastolic BP ≥ 90 mmHg or taking antihypertensive medication) was present in 23% of the adult population and was more frequent in men than women (29% vs. 18%). About a third of hypertensive individuals (34%) were taking antihypertensive medication. These estimates are prone to biases due to the relatively low participation rate (37%). As expected, the prevalence of hypertension increased with age, but values were surprisingly elevated in 18 to 29-year-old men and women (18% and 8%, respectively) compared with 20 to 39-year-old adults of the general Canadian population (3% in both sexes, according to data from the Canadian Health Measures Survey, 2012-2015). Hypertension was associated with obesity and alcohol consumption in both men and women, and with higher socioeconomic status among men. CONCLUSION This survey revealed a high prevalence of hypertension among young Nunavimmiut adults in 2017 and the need to improve hypertension diagnosis and treatment in the region. Curbing obesity and alcohol consumption, two actionable determinants of hypertension, will require improving food security and addressing the consequences of historical trauma linked to colonization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janie Allaire
- Département de médecine sociale et préventive, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Benoît Lévesque
- Département de médecine sociale et préventive, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Paul Poirier
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie du Québec - Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Faculté de pharmacie, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Claudia Gagnon
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie du Québec - Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Département de médecine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Geneviève Auclair
- Inuulitsivik Health Centre, Inukjuak, QC, Canada
- Department of Family Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Mélanie Lemire
- Département de médecine sociale et préventive, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Institut de biologie intégrative et des systèmes, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Pierre Ayotte
- Département de médecine sociale et préventive, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada.
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada.
- Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Quebec City, QC, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are still the leading cause of death and disability worldwide, and they could be prevented by a diet modification and a healthy lifestyle. Dietary modifications include a reduction in the consumption of saturated fatty acids and replacing them with mono or polyunsaturated fatty acids. Olive oil is a monounsaturated fatty acid and its increased consumption has been associated with a significant reduction of CVDs. Its significant cardiovascular benefits have been attributed to its high content of vitamin E, polyphenols, and other ingredients that possess significant anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Several prospective and epidemiological studies have reported an inverse association between olive oil consumption and the incidence of CVD, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Also, a seminal study demonstrated that the use of a Mediterranean diet, which is rich in olive oil, fruits, vegetables, and fish, and low in red meat, was associated with significant reductions in CVD and mortality. However, despite its proven cardiovascular benefits, olive oil is scarcely used in the United States and other Western countries. To determine the current use of olive oil in the United States and other Western countries, a Medline search of the English literature between 2012 and January 2022 was conducted, and 36 pertinent articles were selected. The data from these articles, together with collateral literature, will be discussed in this concise review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven G Chrysant
- From the Departments of Cardiology University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Chantzaras A, Yfantopoulos J. Association between medication adherence and health-related quality of life of patients with hypertension and dyslipidemia. Hormones (Athens) 2023; 22:665-676. [PMID: 37493942 DOI: 10.1007/s42000-023-00471-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Τo evaluate the association between medication adherence and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of patients with hypertension and dyslipidemia in Greece. METHODS In a multicenter, cross-sectional, non-interventional study, a total of 721 hypertensive and 463 dyslipidemic adult outpatient patients were recruited during the COVID-19 pandemic using consecutive sampling. The EQ-5D-5L instrument was used to measure HRQoL, and medication adherence was assessed with the Adherence Starts with Knowledge 20 questionnaire. Multiple linear stepwise regressions using robust standard errors were employed. RESULTS Approximately 28% of hypertensive and 16% of dyslipidemic patients had not been fully adherent during the previous week, while the estimates were 49 and 34%, respectively when the previous month was considered. The HRQoL domain with the highest prevalence of problems was anxiety/depression, followed by mobility and usual activities for both conditions; HRQoL was lower in dyslipidemic patients. Higher medication non-adherence was independently associated with lower EQ-VAS in hypertension and a lower EQ-5D index in dyslipidemia. Other significant risk factors of impaired HRQoL and general health were lack of exercise, longer duration of disease, and multimorbidity, while a curvilinear effect of BMI and age was observed. Also, female gender, employment, and marriage worked as protective factors for hypertensive patients and education for dyslipidemic participants. CONCLUSION Medication adherence is suboptimal in patients with hypertension and, in particular, with dyslipidemia in Greece. Moreover, poor medication adherence has a detrimental impact on patients' HRQoL. Therefore, improving treatment outcomes and patients' HRQoL in a sustainable way requires a better understanding of the factors influencing medication adherence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios Chantzaras
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens MBA, Sofokleous 1 & Aristeidou Str., 105 59, Athens, Greece.
| | - John Yfantopoulos
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens MBA, Sofokleous 1 & Aristeidou Str., 105 59, Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Zyoud SH, Zyoud AH. Water, sanitation, and hygiene global research: evolution, trends, and knowledge structure. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:119532-119548. [PMID: 37968479 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30813-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) services play a crucial role in promoting public and environmental health as well as social and economic development. At the global level, particularly in the developing world, WASH issues continue to present significant challenges. These challenges have been further intensified by factors such as the COVID-19 pandemic, escalating conflicts, climate change, water scarcity, and rising inequality. The scientific community has actively engaged in constructive discussions on these issues, as evidenced by the notable research findings. Therefore, the aim of this study was to comprehensively examine and evaluate global knowledge on WASH. To search for relevant publications, the Scopus database was utilized using specific terms associated with WASH. VOSviewer 1.6.18 software was employed to generate network visualization maps, which assessed collaborative patterns and research trends in the field of WASH. The research output of countries was adjusted considering their gross domestic product (GDP) and population size. The total number of WASH-related publications, including all types of documents, was 1805. By narrowing the search to articles and reviews, the overall global productivity yielded 1589 documents: 1367 (86.0%) original articles and 222 (14.0%) review articles. The USA had the highest number of WASH publications (n = 668; 42.0%), followed by the UK (n = 396; 24.9%), Switzerland (n = 151; 9.5%), and Australia (n = 141; 8.9%). Ethiopia emerged as the leading country in terms of GDP per capita and the number of publications, followed by Uganda, Malawi, India, and Bangladesh. The USA, the UK, and Switzerland exhibited the most extensive collaboration among countries. The main research areas encompassed the role of WASH in sustainable development, the impacts of inadequate access to WASH services on gender equality, children, infants, and the outbreak of COVID-19 and other diseases, as well as the significance of hygiene practices and community and school-based WASH interventions in reducing infections. This study provides a novel analysis of global WASH-related research and highlights the distribution of outcomes across nations. Continued and increased collaboration between developed and developing nations will facilitate the sharing of responsibility for WASH research outcomes and the implementation of effective policies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaher H Zyoud
- Department of Building Engineering & Environment, Department of Civil Engineering & Sustainable Structures, Palestine Technical University (Kadoorie), Tulkarem, Palestine.
| | - Ahed H Zyoud
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Zhang CX, Lewer D, Aldridge RW, Hayward AC, Cornaglia C, Trussell P, Lillford-Wildman C, Castle J, Gommon J, Campos-Matos I. Small numbers, big impact: making a utilitarian case for the contribution of inclusion health to population health in England. J Epidemiol Community Health 2023; 77:816-820. [PMID: 37734936 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2023-220849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Inclusion health groups make up a small proportion of the general population, so despite the extreme social exclusion and poor health outcomes that these groups experience, they are often overlooked in public health investment and policy development. In this paper, we demonstrate that a utilitarian argument can be made for investment in better support for inclusion health groups despite their small size. That is, by preventing social exclusion, there is the potential for large aggregate health benefits to the whole population. We illustrate this by reframing existing published mortality estimates into population attributable fractions to show that 12% of all-cause premature deaths (95% CI 10.03% to 14.29%) are attributable to the circumstances of people who experience homelessness, use drugs and/or have been in prison. We also show that a large proportion of cause-specific premature deaths in the general population can be attributed to specific inclusion health groups, such as 43% of deaths due to viral hepatitis (95% CI 30.35% to 56.61%) and nearly 4000 deaths due to cancer (3844, 95% CI 3438 to 4285) between 2013 and 2021 attributed to individuals who use illicit opioids. Considering the complexity of the inclusion health policy context and the sparseness of evidence, we discuss how a shift in policy framing from 'inclusion health vs the rest of the population' to 'the impact of social exclusion on broader population health' makes a better case for increased policy attention and investment in inclusion health. We discuss the strengths and limitations of this approach and how it can be applied to public health policy, resource prioritisation and future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claire X Zhang
- Addictions & Inclusion Directorate, Office for Health Improvement and Disparities, Department of Health and Social Care, London, UK
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
| | - Dan Lewer
- Institute of Epidemiology & Health Care, University College London, London, UK
- UCL Collaborative Centre for Inclusion Health, University College London, London, UK
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford, UK
| | - Robert W Aldridge
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
| | - Andrew C Hayward
- Institute of Epidemiology & Health Care, University College London, London, UK
- UCL Collaborative Centre for Inclusion Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Carlotta Cornaglia
- Addictions & Inclusion Directorate, Office for Health Improvement and Disparities, Department of Health and Social Care, London, UK
| | - Peta Trussell
- Addictions & Inclusion Directorate, Office for Health Improvement and Disparities, Department of Health and Social Care, London, UK
| | - Charlotte Lillford-Wildman
- Addictions & Inclusion Directorate, Office for Health Improvement and Disparities, Department of Health and Social Care, London, UK
| | - Joanna Castle
- Addictions & Inclusion Directorate, Office for Health Improvement and Disparities, Department of Health and Social Care, London, UK
| | - Jake Gommon
- Addictions & Inclusion Directorate, Office for Health Improvement and Disparities, Department of Health and Social Care, London, UK
| | - Ines Campos-Matos
- Addictions & Inclusion Directorate, Office for Health Improvement and Disparities, Department of Health and Social Care, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Ait Ouakrim D, Wilson T, Howe S, Clarke P, Gartner CE, Wilson N, Blakely T. Economic effects for citizens and the government of a country-level tobacco endgame strategy: a modelling study. Tob Control 2023:tc-2023-058131. [PMID: 38050170 DOI: 10.1136/tc-2023-058131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aotearoa-New Zealand (A/NZ) was the first country to pass a comprehensive commercial tobacco endgame strategy into law. Key components include the denicotinisation of smoked tobacco products and a major reduction in tobacco retail outlets. Understanding the potential long-term economic impacts of such measures is important for government planning. DESIGN A tobacco policy simulation model that evaluated the health impacts of the A/NZ Smokefree Action Plan was extended to evaluate the economic effects from both government and citizen perspectives. Estimates were presented in 2021 US$, discounted at 3% per annum. RESULTS The modelled endgame policy package generates considerable growth in income for the A/NZ population with a total cumulative gain of US$31 billion by 2050. From a government perspective, increased superannuation payments and reduced tobacco excise tax revenue result in a negative net financial position and a cumulative shortfall of US$11.5 billion by 2050. In a sensitivity analysis considering future labour force changes, the government's cumulative net position remained negative by 2050, but only by US$1.9 billion. CONCLUSIONS A policy such as the A/NZ Smokefree Action Plan is likely to produce substantial economic benefits for citizens, and modest impacts on government finances related to reduced tobacco tax and increases in aged pensions due to increased life expectancy. Such costs can be anticipated and planned for and might be largely offset by future increases in the size of the labour force and the proportion of people 65+ years old working in the formal economy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Driss Ait Ouakrim
- Population Interventions Unit, The University of Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tim Wilson
- Population Interventions Unit, The University of Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Samantha Howe
- Population Interventions Unit, The University of Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Philip Clarke
- Health Economics Research Centre, University of Oxford Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford, UK
| | - Coral E Gartner
- School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nick Wilson
- Department of Public Health, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Tony Blakely
- Population Interventions Unit, The University of Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Nabhan A, Kabra R, Ashraf A, Elghamry F, Kiarie J. Implementation strategies, facilitators, and barriers to scaling up and sustaining demand generation in family planning, a mixed-methods systematic review. BMC Womens Health 2023; 23:574. [PMID: 37932747 PMCID: PMC10629088 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-023-02735-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Demand generation aims to increase clients' desire to use family planning. The aim of this work was to systematically summarize strategies, facilitators, and barriers to scaling up and sustaining demand generation in family planning. METHODS We searched electronic bibliographic databases from inception to October 2022. We included quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods reports on demand generation strategies in family planning, regardless of country, language, publication status, or methodological limitations. We assessed abstracts, titles and full-text papers according to the inclusion criteria, extracted data, and assessed methodological quality of included reports. We used the convergent integrated approach and a deductive thematic synthesis to summarize demand generation themes and subthemes. We used the health system building blocks to synthesize the factors affecting implementation (barriers and facilitators). We used GRADE-CERQual to assess our confidence in the findings. RESULTS Forty-six studies (published 1990-2022) were included: forty-one quantitative, one qualitative, and four mixed methods). Three were from one high-income country, and forty three from LMIC settings. Half of reports were judged to be of unclear risk of bias. There were unique yet interrelated strategies of scaling-up demand generation for family planning. Interpersonal communication strategies increase adoption and coverage of modern contraceptive methods, but the effect on sustainability is uncertain. Mass media exposure increases knowledge and positive attitudes and may increase the intention to use modern contraceptive methods. Demand-side financing approaches probably increase awareness of contraceptives and the use of modern contraceptive methods among poor clients. Multifaceted Demand generation approaches probably improve adoption, coverage and sustainability of modern methods use. Factors that influence the success of implementing these strategies include users knowledge about family planning methods, the availability of modern methods, and the accessibility to services. CONCLUSIONS Demand generation strategies may function independently or supplement each other. The myriad of techniques of the different demand generation strategies, the complexities of family planning services, and human interactions defy simplistic conclusions on how a specific strategy or a bundle of strategies may succeed in increasing and sustaining family planning utilization. TRIAL REGISTRATION Systematic review registration: Center for Open Science, osf.io/286j5.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf Nabhan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Ramses Street, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Rita Kabra
- Department of Sexual and Reproductive Health including UNDP/UNFPA/ UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alyaa Ashraf
- Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - James Kiarie
- Department of Sexual and Reproductive Health including UNDP/UNFPA/ UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Pega F, Momen NC, Streicher KN, Leon-Roux M, Neupane S, Schubauer-Berigan MK, Schüz J, Baker M, Driscoll T, Guseva Canu I, Kiiver HM, Li J, Nwanaji-Enwerem JC, Turner MC, Viegas S, Villeneuve PJ. Global, regional and national burdens of non-melanoma skin cancer attributable to occupational exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation for 183 countries, 2000-2019: A systematic analysis from the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates of the Work-related Burden of Disease and Injury. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 181:108226. [PMID: 37945424 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A World Health Organization (WHO) and International Labour Organization (ILO) systematic review reported sufficient evidence for higher risk of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) amongst people occupationally exposed to solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR). This article presents WHO/ILO Joint Estimates of global, regional, national and subnational occupational exposures to UVR for 195 countries/areas and the global, regional and national attributable burdens of NMSC for 183 countries, by sex and age group, for the years 2000, 2010 and 2019. METHODS We calculated population-attributable fractions (PAFs) from estimates of the population occupationally exposed to UVR and the risk ratio for NMSC from the WHO/ILO systematic review. Occupational exposure to UVR was modelled via proxy of occupation with outdoor work, using 166 million observations from 763 cross-sectional surveys for 96 countries/areas. Attributable NMSC burden was estimated by applying the PAFs to WHO's estimates of the total NMSC burden. Measures of inequality were calculated. RESULTS Globally in 2019, 1.6 billion workers (95 % uncertainty range [UR] 1.6-1.6) were occupationally exposed to UVR, or 28.4 % (UR 27.9-28.8) of the working-age population. The PAFs were 29.0 % (UR 24.7-35.0) for NMSC deaths and 30.4 % (UR 29.0-31.7) for disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). Attributable NMSC burdens were 18,960 deaths (UR 18,180-19,740) and 0.5 million DALYs (UR 0.4-0.5). Men and older age groups carried larger burden. Over 2000-2019, attributable deaths and DALYs almost doubled. CONCLUSIONS WHO and the ILO estimate that occupational exposure to UVR is common and causes substantial, inequitable and growing attributable burden of NMSC. Governments must protect outdoor workers from hazardous exposure to UVR and attributable NMSC burden and inequalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frank Pega
- Department of Environment, Climate Change and Health, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Natalie C Momen
- Department of Environment, Climate Change and Health, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Kai N Streicher
- Consultant to the World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Maria Leon-Roux
- Consultant to the World Health Organization, Panama City, Panama
| | - Subas Neupane
- Consultant to the World Health Organization, Tampere, Finland
| | | | - Joachim Schüz
- Environment and Lifestyle Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Marissa Baker
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Tim Driscoll
- Sydney School of Public Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Irina Guseva Canu
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Jian Li
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, School of Nursing, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jamaji C Nwanaji-Enwerem
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Emory Rollins School of Public Health and Department of Emergency Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Susana Viegas
- Public Health Research Centre, NOVA National School of Public Health, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Paul J Villeneuve
- School of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Wu N, Wuhanqimuge, Shuang Q. Screening, Characterization, and Mechanistic Evaluation of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitory Peptides Derived from Milk Fermented with Lactobacillus delbrueckii QS306 with and without Ultrahigh-Pressure Treatment. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023. [PMID: 37791768 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c03752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the peptides in milk fermented with Lactobacillus delbrueckii QS306 with and without ultrahigh-pressure treatment were identified using UPLC-Q-exactive-HF-X-MS/MS. In total, 27 novel pentapeptides with potential angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory (ACEI) activity were screened via bioinformatic analysis, and the activities of seven novel pentapeptides were assessed. Among them, HLPLP, PYPQR, and VAPFP exhibited better IC50 values. Stability assessment via in vitro simulation revealed that the three pentapeptides were significantly reduced (P < 0.05) during digestion but exhibited 85% activity after digestion. HLPLP was a competitive inhibitor, while PYPQR and VAPFP were noncompetitive inhibitors of ACE. Molecular docking indicated that the three peptides could stably bind to ACE. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation and activity verification indicated that PYPQR and VAPFP had better stability and activity. This study demonstrated that novel ACEI pentapeptides in milk fermented with L. delbrueckii QS306 with and without ultrahigh-pressure treatment could be considered promising candidates for controlling hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wu
- Department of College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010018, People's Republic of China
| | - Wuhanqimuge
- Experimental Center, Inner Mongolia Traditional Chinese & Mongolian Medical Research Institute, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010017, People's Republic of China
| | - Quan Shuang
- Department of College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010018, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Del Rio-Pertuz G, Leelaviwat N, Mekraksakit P, Benjanuwattra J, Nugent K, Ansari MM. Association between elevated CHA2DS2-VASC score and contrast-induced nephropathy among patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Cardiol 2023; 78:922-929. [PMID: 37171278 DOI: 10.1080/00015385.2023.2209406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Promising results with the CHA2DS2-VASc risk score (CVRS) have been reported for the prediction of contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN). The aim of this study is to consolidate all the data available and examine the association between elevated CVRS and the incidence of CIN in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). METHODS We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, and Scopus for abstracts and full-text articles from inception to May 2022. Studies were included if they evaluated the association between a high CVRS and the incidence of CIN in patients undergoing PCI. Data were integrated using the random-effects, generic inverse variance method of DerSimonian and Laird. Prospero registration: CRD42022334065. RESULTS Seven studies from 2016 to 2021 with a total of 7,401 patients were included. In patients undergoing PCI, a high CVRS (≥2: Odds ratio [OR]:2.98, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 2.25-3.94, p < .01, I2 = 1%, ≥3: OR 4.46, 95% CI 2.27-8.78, p < .01, I2=56% and ≥4: OR:2.75, 95% CI 1.76-4.30, p < .01, I2 = 11%) was significantly associated with an increase incidence for CIN. Subgroup analyses were done in patients with acute coronary syndrome, and association with CIN remained statistically significant (≥2: OR 2.93, 95% CI 2.11-4.07, p < .01, I2=22%and ≥4: OR:2.24, 95% CI 1.36-3.69, p < .01, I2 = 0%,). CONCLUSION In patients undergoing PCI, an elevated CVRS is associated with an increased risk for CIN. More rigorous studies are needed to clarify this association and to identify strategies to reduce CIN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaspar Del Rio-Pertuz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Natnicha Leelaviwat
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Poemlarp Mekraksakit
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Juthipong Benjanuwattra
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Kenneth Nugent
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Mohammad M Ansari
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Tabor A, Shalemariam Z, Alemu Y, Gorems K. Bacterial contamination of single and multiple-dose parenteral injection vials after opening and antibiotic susceptibility of isolates at Jimma Medical Center, Jimma, Southwest Ethiopia. Infect Prev Pract 2023; 5:100290. [PMID: 37457638 PMCID: PMC10339008 DOI: 10.1016/j.infpip.2023.100290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Single- or multiple-dose vials are prone to bacterial contamination after improper handling and can be potential reservoirs of microorganisms that could be transmitted to the patient through the parenteral route. The present study aims to assess the magnitude of the problem and associated factors at Jimma Medical Center (JMC), Jimma, Southwest Ethiopia. Methods A cross-sectional study design was conducted at JMC from July 2021 to October 2021. A total of 384 parental medications and nurse interviews that were administered in 11 wards and 3 intensive care units were included. Samples were processed and identified by conventional bacterial culture methods. Results The overall prevalence of vial contamination due to aerobic bacteria was 21 (5.5%) among multiple-dose vials and none of the single-dose vials. The highest level of contamination (8, 38.1%) was found in the paediatric ward. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae were the most common microorganisms identified vial contamination, 6 cases (28.5%) and 5 cases (23.8%) respectively Multidrug resistance was identified in 95.2% of the isolates, with all Gram-negative isolates showing a multidrug resistance against the tested antibiotics. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, vial contamination was strongly associated with reuse of syringe and/or needle, the environment where medication was handled, and the storage conditions. Conclusion In this study, the prevalence of vial contamination was high. The bacterial isolates from vials were also resistant to commonly prescribed antimicrobial drugs. Healthcare professionals must strictly adhere to basic infection control practices as per standard guidelines to reduce the risk of infection from contaminated vials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abay Tabor
- College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Department of Biology, Mizan Tepi University, Ethiopia
| | - Zewudineh Shalemariam
- School of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Yared Alemu
- School of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Kasahun Gorems
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Parasitology, St Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Microbiology Laboratory of Jimma Medical Center, Jimma, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Rashidi MM, Saeedi Moghaddam S, Azadnajafabad S, Heidari-Foroozan M, Hashemi SM, Mohammadi E, Esfahani Z, Ebrahimi N, Shobeiri P, Malekpour MR, Abbasi-Kangevari M, Rashedi S, Mohammadi Fateh S, Larijani B, Farzadfar F. Low bone mineral density, a neglected condition in North Africa and Middle East: estimates from the Global Burden of Disease Study, 1990-2019. Osteoporos Int 2023; 34:1577-1589. [PMID: 37217657 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-023-06778-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Due to the high prevalence of low bone mineral density in North Africa and Middle East region, estimating its attributable burden would help to a better understanding of this neglected condition for policymakers and health researchers. This study presented the number of attributable deaths has doubled from 1990 to 2019. PURPOSE This study provides the latest estimates of the burden of low bone mineral density (BMD) from 1990 to 2019 in North Africa and Middle East (NAME) region. METHODS The data were extracted from the global burden of disease (GBD) 2019 study to estimate epidemiological indices such as deaths, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and summary exposure value (SEV). SEV is a measure of the exposure of the population to a risk factor that considers the amount of exposure by the level of risk. RESULTS Our findings showed that in 1990-2019, the number of deaths and DALYs attributable to low BMD had almost doubled in the region and caused 20,371 (95% uncertainty intervals: 14,848-24,374) deaths and 805,959 (630,238-959,581) DALYs in 2019. However, DALYs and death rates showed a decreasing trend after age standardization. Saudi Arabia had the highest, and Lebanon had the lowest age-standardized DALYs rates in 2019, with rates of 434.2 (329.6-534.3) and 90.3 (70.6-112.1) per 100,000, respectively. The highest burden attributable to low BMD was in the 90-94 and over 95 age groups. Also, there was a decreasing trend in age-standardized SEV to low BMD for both sexes. CONCLUSION Despite the decreasing trend of age-standardized burden indices, considerable amounts of deaths and DALYs were attributable to low BMD, especially in the elderly population, in the region in 2019. As the positive effects of proper interventions will be detectable in the long term, robust strategies and comprehensive stable policies are the ultimate solutions to achieving desired goals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad-Mahdi Rashidi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Kiel Institute for the World Economy, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sina Azadnajafabad
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Heidari-Foroozan
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Melika Hashemi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Esmaeil Mohammadi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Zahra Esfahani
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Narges Ebrahimi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parnian Shobeiri
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Reza Malekpour
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Abbasi-Kangevari
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sina Rashedi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Rajai Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahar Mohammadi Fateh
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Farshad Farzadfar
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Singh L, You S, Jeong BJ, Koo C, Kim Y. Remote Estimation of Blood Pressure Using Millimeter-Wave Frequency-Modulated Continuous-Wave Radar. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:6517. [PMID: 37514810 PMCID: PMC10383350 DOI: 10.3390/s23146517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
This paper proposes to remotely estimate a human subject's blood pressure using a millimeter-wave radar system. High blood pressure is a critical health threat that can lead to diseases including heart attacks, strokes, kidney disease, and vision loss. The commonest method of measuring blood pressure is based on a cuff that is contact-based, non-continuous, and cumbersome to wear. Continuous remote monitoring of blood pressure can facilitate early detection and treatment of heart disease. This paper investigates the possibility of using millimeter-wave frequency-modulated continuous-wave radar to measure the heart blood pressure by means of pulse wave velocity (PWV). PWV is known to be highly correlated with blood pressure, which can be measured by pulse transit time. We measured PWV using a two-millimeter wave radar focused on the subject's chest and wrist. The measured time delay provided the PWV given the length from the chest to the wrist. In addition, we analyzed the measured radar signal from the wrist because the shape of the pulse wave purveyed information on blood pressure. We investigated the area under the curve (AUC) as a feature and found that AUC is strongly correlated with blood pressure. In the experiment, five human subjects were measured 50 times each after performing different activities intended to influence blood pressure. We used artificial neural networks to estimate systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (SBP) with both PWV and AUC as inputs. The resulting root mean square errors of estimated blood pressure were 3.33 mmHg for SBP and 3.14 mmHg for DBP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lovedeep Singh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, California State University, Fresno, CA 93740, USA
| | - Sungjin You
- Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Jang Jeong
- Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea
| | - Chiwan Koo
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Hanbat National University, Daejeon 34158, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngwook Kim
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Nabhan A, Kabra R, Allam N, Ibrahim E, Abd-Elmonem N, Wagih N, Mostafa N, Kiarie J. Implementation strategies, facilitators, and barriers to scaling up and sustaining post pregnancy family planning, a mixed-methods systematic review. BMC Womens Health 2023; 23:379. [PMID: 37468942 PMCID: PMC10357879 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-023-02518-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Post pregnancy family planning includes both postpartum and post-abortion periods. Post pregnancy women remain one of the most vulnerable groups with high unmet need for family planning. This review aimed to describe and assess the quality of the evidence on implementation strategies, facilitators, and barriers to scaling up and sustaining post pregnancy family planning. METHODS Electronic bibliographic databases (MEDLINE, PubMed, Scopus, the Cochrane Library, and Global Index Medicus) were searched from inception to October 2022 for primary quantitative, qualitative, and mixed method reports on scaling up post pregnancy family planning. Abstracts, titles, and full-text papers were assessed according to the inclusion criteria to select studies regardless of country, language, publication status, or methodological limitations. Data were extracted and methodological quality assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. The convergent integrated approach and a deductive thematic synthesis were used to identify themes and sub-themes of strategies to scale up post pregnancy family planning. The health system building blocks were used to summarize barriers and facilitators. GRADE-CERQual was used to assess our confidence in the findings. RESULTS Twenty-nine reports (published 2005-2022) were included: 19 quantitative, 7 qualitative, and 3 mixed methods. Seven were from high-income countries, and twenty-two from LMIC settings. Sixty percent of studies had an unclear risk of bias. The included reports used either separate or bundled strategies for scaling-up post pregnancy family planning. These included strategies for healthcare infrastructure, policy and regulation, financing, human resource, and people at the point of care. Strategies that target the point of care (women and / or their partners) contributed to 89.66% (26/29) of the reports either independently or as part of a bundle. Point of care strategies increase adoption and coverage of post pregnancy contraceptive methods. CONCLUSION Post pregnancy family planning scaling up strategies, representing a range of styles and settings, were associated with improved post pregnancy contraceptive use. Factors that influence the success of implementing these strategies include issues related to counselling, integration in postnatal or post-abortion care, and religious and social norms. TRIAL REGISTRATION Center for Open Science, OSF.IO/EDAKM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf Nabhan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Ramses Street, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Rita Kabra
- Department of Sexual and Reproductive Health Including UNDP/UNFPA/ UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nahed Allam
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Al Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman Ibrahim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Al Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Nouran Wagih
- Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - James Kiarie
- Department of Sexual and Reproductive Health Including UNDP/UNFPA/ UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Mamghaderi M, Mamkhezri J, Khezri M. Assessing the environmental efficiency of OECD countries through the lens of ecological footprint indices. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 338:117796. [PMID: 36965426 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Environmental efficiency plays a crucial role in achieving sustainable economic development. This study aims to enhance the current understanding of dynamic environmental efficiency by using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) in conjunction with the ecological footprint index. This study evaluates 27 OECD countries' environmental performance from 2000 to 2017, employing net capital stock, labor force, and energy consumption as inputs, ecological footprint as undesirable output, and GDP as desirable output. We utilize 16 window Slack-Based Measurement DEA (SBM-DEA) models, each representing consecutive years within the observation period. Additionally, we adopt the Global Malmquist-Luenberger Index (GMLI) techniques to facilitate a simultaneous evaluation of the efficiency levels for each country. Our findings reveal that the United Kingdom and Lithuania were the most and least ecologically efficient countries among the 27 OECD countries, respectively. Over the 18-year observation period, all countries showed both progress and setbacks in environmental efficiency, with a modest overall improvement. Poland, Denmark, Slovakia, and Lithuania were the most improved countries in environmental performance, while Canada and Japan showed the most significant regressions in environmental efficiency. We highlight the need for policymakers to prioritize sustainable economic growth and consider ecological footprints when making economic decisions to enhance environmental efficiency in OECD countries. Our findings have can guide policymakers in designing effective policies and strategies to enhance environmental efficiency and promote sustainable economic development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahnaz Mamghaderi
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Jamal Mamkhezri
- Department of Economics, Applied Statistics, and International Business, New Mexico State University, 1320 E University Ave, Las Cruces, NM, USA 88003.
| | - Mohsen Khezri
- Department of Business and Management, School of Management and Economics, University of Kurdistan Hewlêr, 30 Meter Avenue, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Zakaria MH, Ramaiya SD, Bidin N, Syed NNF, Bujang JS. Nutritional values of wild edible freshwater macrophytes. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15496. [PMID: 37456903 PMCID: PMC10348304 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The social acceptability of wild freshwater macrophytes as locally consumed vegetables is widespread. Freshwater macrophytes have several uses; for example, they can be used as food for humans. This study determined the proximate composition and mineral content of three freshwater macrophyte species, i.e., Eichhornia crassipes, Limnocharis flava, and Neptunia oleracea. Methods Young shoots of E. crassipes, L. flava, and N. oleracea were collected from shallow channels of Puchong (3°00'11.89″N, 101°42'43.12″E), Ladang 10, Universiti Putra Malaysia (2°58'44.41″N, 101°42'44.45″E), and Kampung Alur Selibong, Langgar (06°5'50.9″N, 100°26'49.8″E), Kedah, Peninsular Malaysia. The nutritional values of these macrophytes were analysed by using a standard protocol from the Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Eight replicates of E. crassipes and L. flava and four replicates of N. oleracea were used for the subsequent analyses. Results In the proximate analysis, N. oleracea possessed the highest percentage of crude protein (29.61%) and energy content (4,269.65 cal g-1), whereas L. flava had the highest percentage of crude fat (5.75%) and ash (18.31%). The proximate composition trend for each species was different; specifically, all of the species possessed more carbohydrates and fewer crude lipids. All of the species demonstrated a similar mineral trend, with high nitrogen and potassium and lower copper contents. Nitrogen and potassium levels ranged from 12,380-40,380 mg kg-1 and from 11,212-33,276 mg kg-1, respectively, and copper levels ranged from 16-27 mg kg-1. The results showed that all three plant species, i.e., E. crassipes, N. oleracea, and L. flava are plant-based sources of macro- and micronutrient beneficial supplements for human consumption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muta Harah Zakaria
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
- Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), International Institute of Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences (I-AQUAS), Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Shiamala Devi Ramaiya
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture Sciences and Forestry, Universiti Putra Malaysia Bintulu Campus, Bintulu, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Nordiah Bidin
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Nur Farahin Syed
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Japar Sidik Bujang
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Miranda RD, Brandão AA, Barroso WKS, Mota-Gomes MA, Barbosa ECD, Ribeiro LP, Aguilar CA, Silveira FS, Gomes CDMR, Epelman A, de Paiva AMG, Feitosa ADM. National Registry of Hypertension Control Evaluated by Office and Home Measurements: The LHAR National Registry. Arq Bras Cardiol 2023; 120:e20220863. [PMID: 37586005 PMCID: PMC10464860 DOI: 10.36660/abc.20220863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is known that around 30% of patients have higher blood pressure (BP) values when examined at the office than at home. Worldwide, only 35% of patients with hypertension undergoing treatment have reached their BP targets. OBJECTIVE To provide epidemiological data on BP control in the offices of a sample of Brazilian cardiologists, considering office and home BP measurement. METHODS This is a cross-sectional analysis of patients with a hypertension diagnosis and undergoing antihypertensive treatment, with controlled BP or not. BP was assayed in the office by a medical professional and at home using home BP monitoring (HBPM). The association between categorical variables was verified using the chi-square test (p<0.05). RESULTS The study included 2540 patients, with a mean age of 59.7 ± 15.2 years. Most patients were women (62%; n=1575). Prevalence rates of 15% (n=382) for uncontrolled white coat hypertension and 10% (n=253) for uncontrolled masked hypertension were observed. The rate of BP control in the office was 56.3% and at home, 61%. Meanwhile, 46.4% of the patients had controlled BP in and outside of the office. Greater control was observed in women and in the 49-61 years age group. Considering the new DBHA 2020 threshold for home BP control, the control rate was 42.4%. CONCLUSION BP control in the offices of a sample of Brazilian cardiologists was 56.3%; this rate was 61% when BP was measured at home and 46.4% when considering both the office and home.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Dischinger Miranda
- Escola Paulista de MedicinaUniversidade Federal de São PauloSão PauloSPBrasilServiço de Cardiologia, Disciplina de Geriatria e Gerontologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP – Brasil
| | - Andréa Araujo Brandão
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroRJBrasilUniversidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ – Brasil
| | - Weimar Kunz Sebba Barroso
- Liga de Hipertensão ArterialHospital das ClínicasUniversidade Federal de GoiásGoiâniaGOBrasilLiga de Hipertensão Arterial - Hospital das Clínicas - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO – Brasil
| | - Marco Antonio Mota-Gomes
- Centro Universitário CESMACHospital do CoraçãoMaceióALBrasil Centro Universitário CESMAC, Hospital do Coração, Maceió, AL – Brasil
| | - Eduardo Costa Duarte Barbosa
- Liga de Combate à Hipertensão ArterialPorto AlegreRSBrasil Liga de Combate à Hipertensão Arterial, Porto Alegre, RS – Brasil
| | | | | | - Fabio Serra Silveira
- Centro de PesquisaClínica do CoraçãoAracajuSEBrasilCentro de Pesquisa Clínica do Coração, Aracaju, SE – Brasil
| | | | - Abraham Epelman
- Servier do BrasilRio de JaneiroRJBrasilServier do Brasil, Rio de Janeiro, RJ – Brasil
| | - Annelise Machado Gomes de Paiva
- Centro Universitário CESMACHospital do CoraçãoMaceióALBrasil Centro Universitário CESMAC, Hospital do Coração, Maceió, AL – Brasil
| | - Audes Diógenes Magalhães Feitosa
- Unidade de Hipertensão e Cardiologia PreventivaPROCAPEUniversidade de PernambucoRecifePEBrasilUnidade de Hipertensão e Cardiologia Preventiva do PROCAPE, Universidade de Pernambuco, Recife, PE – Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Wolf J, Johnston RB, Ambelu A, Arnold BF, Bain R, Brauer M, Brown J, Caruso BA, Clasen T, Colford JM, Mills JE, Evans B, Freeman MC, Gordon B, Kang G, Lanata CF, Medlicott KO, Prüss-Ustün A, Troeger C, Boisson S, Cumming O. Burden of disease attributable to unsafe drinking water, sanitation, and hygiene in domestic settings: a global analysis for selected adverse health outcomes. Lancet 2023; 401:2060-2071. [PMID: 37290458 PMCID: PMC10290941 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(23)00458-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Assessments of disease burden are important to inform national, regional, and global strategies and to guide investment. We aimed to estimate the drinking water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH)-attributable burden of disease for diarrhoea, acute respiratory infections, undernutrition, and soil-transmitted helminthiasis, using the WASH service levels used to monitor the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as counterfactual minimum risk-exposure levels. METHODS We assessed the WASH-attributable disease burden of the four health outcomes overall and disaggregated by region, age, and sex for the year 2019. We calculated WASH-attributable fractions of diarrhoea and acute respiratory infections by country using modelled WASH exposures and exposure-response relationships from two updated meta-analyses. We used the WHO and UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene public database to estimate population exposure to different WASH service levels. WASH-attributable undernutrition was estimated by combining the population attributable fractions (PAF) of diarrhoea caused by unsafe WASH and the PAF of undernutrition caused by diarrhoea. Soil-transmitted helminthiasis was fully attributed to unsafe WASH. FINDINGS We estimate that 1·4 (95% CI 1·3-1·5) million deaths and 74 (68-80) million disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) could have been prevented by safe WASH in 2019 across the four designated outcomes, representing 2·5% of global deaths and 2·9% of global DALYs from all causes. The proportion of diarrhoea that is attributable to unsafe WASH is 0·69 (0·65-0·72), 0·14 (0·13-0·17) for acute respiratory infections, and 0·10 (0·09-0·10) for undernutrition, and we assume that the entire disease burden from soil-transmitted helminthiasis was attributable to unsafe WASH. INTERPRETATION WASH-attributable burden of disease estimates based on the levels of service established under the SDG framework show that progress towards the internationally agreed goal of safely managed WASH services for all would yield major public-health returns. FUNDING WHO and Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennyfer Wolf
- Department of Environment, Climate Change and Health, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Richard B Johnston
- Department of Environment, Climate Change and Health, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Argaw Ambelu
- Division of Water and Health, Ethiopian Institution of Water Resources, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Benjamin F Arnold
- FI Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Robert Bain
- UNICEF Middle East and North Africa, Amman, Jordan
| | - Michael Brauer
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Joe Brown
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Bethany A Caruso
- The Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Thomas Clasen
- Gangarose Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - John M Colford
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Joanna Esteves Mills
- Department of Environment, Climate Change and Health, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Evans
- School of Civil Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Matthew C Freeman
- Gangarose Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Bruce Gordon
- Department of Environment, Climate Change and Health, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Gagandeep Kang
- Wellcome Trust Research Laboratory, Division of Gastrointestinal Sciences, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tami Nadu, India
| | - Claudio F Lanata
- Instituto de Investigación Nutricional, Lima, Peru; School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Kate O Medlicott
- Department of Environment, Climate Change and Health, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Annette Prüss-Ustün
- Department of Environment, Climate Change and Health, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christopher Troeger
- Department of Health Metrics Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sophie Boisson
- Department of Environment, Climate Change and Health, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Cumming
- Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Infectious Tropical Disease, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Kim J, Shin MS, Shin J, Kim HM, Pham XH, Park SM, Kim DE, Kim YJ, Jun BH. Recent Trends in Lateral Flow Immunoassays with Optical Nanoparticles. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119600. [PMID: 37298550 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapid, accurate, and convenient diagnosis is essential for effective disease management. Various detection methods, such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, have been extensively used, with lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) recently emerging as a major diagnostic tool. Nanoparticles (NPs) with characteristic optical properties are used as probes for LFIA, and researchers have presented various types of optical NPs with modified optical properties. Herein, we review the literature on LFIA with optical NPs for the detection of specific targets in the context of diagnostics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaehi Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Sup Shin
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonghyun Shin
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Mo Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Xuan-Hung Pham
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Min Park
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Dong-Eun Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jun Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Hyun Jun
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Shah WA, Jan A, Khan MA, Saeed M, Rahman N, Afridi MS, Khuda F, Akbar R. Association between Aldosterone Synthase ( CYP11B2) Gene Polymorphism and Hypertension in Pashtun Ethnic Population of Khyber Pakhtunkwha, Pakistan. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1184. [PMID: 37372364 DOI: 10.3390/genes14061184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies significantly increased the number of hypertension risk variants; however, most of them focused on European societies. There is lack of such studies in developing countries, including Pakistan. The lack of research studies and the high prevalence of hypertension in the Pakistani community prompted us to design this study. Aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2) was thoroughly studied in different ethnic groups; however, no such study has been conducted in the Pashtun population of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. In essential hypertension, the aldosterone synthase gene (CYP11B2) plays a significant role. Aldosterone synthesis is affected by both hereditary and environmental factors. Aldosterone synthase (encoded by the CYP11B2 gene) controls the conversion of deoxycorticosterone to aldosterone and, thus, has genetic influences. Polymorphisms in the CYP11B2 gene are linked to an increased risk of hypertension. Previous research on the polymorphism of the aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2) gene and its relationship to hypertension produced inconclusive results. The present study investigates the relationship between CYP11B2 gene polymorphism and hypertension in Pakistan's Pashtun population. We used the nascent exome sequencing method to identify variants associated with hypertension. The research was divided into two phases. In phase one, DNA samples from 200 adult hypertension patients (of age ≥ 30 years) and 200 controls were pooled (n = 200/pool) and subjected to Exome Sequencing. In the second phase, the WES reported SNPs were genotyped using the Mass ARRAY technique to verify and confirm the association between WES-identified SNPs and hypertension. WES identified a total of eight genetic variants in the CYP11B2 gene. The chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were used to estimate the minor allele frequencies (MAFs) and chosen SNPs relationships with hypertension. The frequency of minor allele T was found to be higher in cases compared to the control (42% vs. 30%: p = 0.001) for rs1799998 of CYP11B2 gene, while no significant results (p > 0.05) were observed for the remaining SNPs; rs4536, rs4537, rs4545, rs4543, rs4539, rs4546 and rs6418 showed no positive association with HTN in the studied population (all p > 0.05). Our study findings suggest that rs1799998 increases susceptibly to HTN in the Pashtun population of KP, Pakistan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Waheed Ali Shah
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan
| | - Asif Jan
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan
- District Headquarter Hospital (DHQH) Charsadda 24430, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Saeed
- Department of Pharmacy, Qurtaba University of Science and Technology, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan
| | - Naveed Rahman
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sajjad Afridi
- Department of Pharmacy, Qurtaba University of Science and Technology, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan
| | - Fazli Khuda
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan
| | - Rani Akbar
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Anto EO, Boadu WIO, Korsah EE, Ansah E, Adua E, Frimpong J, Nyarkoa P, Tamakloe VCKT, Acheampong E, Asamoah EA, Opoku S, Afrifa-Yamoah E, Annani-Akollor ME, Obirikorang C. Unrecognized hypertension among a general adult Ghanaian population: An urban community-based cross-sectional study of prevalence and putative risk factors of lifestyle and obesity indices. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 3:e0001973. [PMID: 37224164 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0001973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension (HTN) is the leading cause of cardiovascular diseases. Nevertheless, most individuals in developing countries are unaware of their blood pressure status. We determined the prevalence of unrecognized hypertension and its association with lifestyle factors and new obesity indices among the adult population. This community-based study was conducted among 1288 apparently healthy adults aged 18-80 years in the Ablekuma North Municipality, Ghana. Sociodemographic, lifestyle characteristics, blood pressure and anthropometric indices were obtained. The prevalence of unrecognized HTN was 18.4% (237 / 1288). The age groups 45-54 years [aOR = 2.29, 95% CI (1.33-3.95), p = 0.003] and 55-79 years [aOR = 3.25, 95% CI (1.61-6.54), p = 0.001], being divorced [aOR = 3.02 95% CI (1.33-6.90), p = 0.008], weekly [aOR = 4.10, 95% CI (1.77-9.51), p = 0.001] and daily alcohol intake [aOR = 5.62, 95% CI (1.26-12.236), p = 0.028] and no exercise or at most once a week [aOR = 2.25, 95% CI (1.56-3.66), p = 0.001] were independently associated with HTN. Among males, the fourth quartile (Q4) of both body roundness index (BRI) and waist to height ratio (WHtR) [aOR = 5.19, 95% CI (1.05-25.50), p = 0.043] were independent determinants of unrecognized HTN. Among females, the third quartile (Q3) [aOR = 7.96, 95% CI (1.51-42.52), p = 0.015] and Q4 [aOR = 9.87 95% CI (1.92-53.31), p = 0.007] of abdominal volume index (AVI), the Q3 of both BRI and WHtR [aOR = 6.07, 95% CI (1.05-34.94), p = 0.044] and Q4 of both BRI and WHtR [aOR = 9.76, 95% CI (1.74-54.96), p = 0.010] were independent risk factors of HTN. Overall, BRI (AUC = 0.724) and WHtR (AUC = 0.724) for males and AVI (AUC = 0.728), WHtR (AUC = 0.703) and BRI (AUC = 0.703) for females yielded a better discriminatory power for predicting unrecognized HTN. Unrecognized hypertension is common among the apparently healthy adults. Increased awareness of its risk factors, screening, and promoting lifestyle modification is needed to prevent the onset of hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enoch Odame Anto
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Department of Medical Diagnostics, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup Drive, Perth, Australia
- Centre for Precision Health, ECU Strategic Research Centre, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia
| | - Wina Ivy Ofori Boadu
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Department of Medical Diagnostics, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Emmanuel Ekow Korsah
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Department of Medical Diagnostics, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Ezekiel Ansah
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Department of Medical Diagnostics, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Eric Adua
- Rural Clinical School, Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Joseph Frimpong
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Department of Medical Diagnostics, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Patience Nyarkoa
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, College of Health Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | | | - Emmanuel Acheampong
- Centre for Precision Health, ECU Strategic Research Centre, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia
| | - Evans Adu Asamoah
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, College of Health Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Stephen Opoku
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Department of Medical Diagnostics, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | | | - Max Efui Annani-Akollor
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, College of Health Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Christian Obirikorang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, College of Health Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Rade BK, Tamiru AT, Aynalem GL, Taye EB, Melkie M, Abera A, Cherkos EA, Asaye MM. Prevalence and factors associated with sexual and reproductive health services use among reproductive age women with disabilities: a community based cross-sectional study. BMC Womens Health 2023; 23:215. [PMID: 37131161 PMCID: PMC10155295 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-023-02373-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND According to International Convention on the Right of Person with Disabilities (CRPD), all nations should discern Sexual and Reproductive Health (SRH) as human rights and needs of all people living with disabilities. Women and girls with disabilities are highly vulnerable to SRH disparities including unintended pregnancy, acquiring sexual transmitted infections and unsafe abortion. Little has known about SRH service uptake and influencing factors among reproductive aged women living with disabilities. METHODS A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from January 1-30, 2021, the central Gondar zone selected districts. A total of 535 reproductive-age (18-49 years) women with disabilities had been interviewed through face-to-face using structured questionnaire. Multistage cluster sampling method was applied. A binary logistic regression model was computed to look the relationship between independent variables and uptake of SRH, and p-value < 0.05 was a cut-off point to declare statistical significance. RESULTS A total of 33.27% (178/535) women with disabilities used at least one SRH service in the last twelve months preceding the survey. Those who had three or more children [AOR = 4.85; 95% CI (1.24-9.71)], autonomy to visit health care facilities [AOR = 3.30; 95% CI (1.45-6.92)], lived with sexual partner [AOR = 9.2; 95% CI (2.84-13.60)], subjected to radio/television in daily bases [AOR = 5.9; 95% CI (1.26-13.04)], autonomy to visit friends and relatives [AOR = 3.95; 95% CI (1.28-12.17)], had a discussion with family members about sexual and reproductive health [AOR = 9.36; 95% CI (3.44-17.47)], and engaged in sexual activity after the age of 18 years [AOR = 7.2; 95% CI (2.51-14.45)] were important predictors for service uptake. CONCLUSIONS Only one in three reproductive age women with disabilities used at least one SRH service. These findings suggest that accessing information through mainstream media exposure, having full autonomous to visit friends and families, open discussion with family members, live with sexual partner, having optimal family size and starting sexual act at the recommended age improve the uptake of SRH services. Therefore, the stakeholders (both governmental and non-governmental) need to make efforts to increase the uptake of SRH services.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bayew Kelkay Rade
- Department of General Midwifery, School of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
| | - Animut Tagele Tamiru
- Department of General Midwifery, School of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Getie Lake Aynalem
- Department of Clinical Midwifery, School of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Eden Bishaw Taye
- Department of Clinical Midwifery, School of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Mamaru Melkie
- Department of Special Need, College of Social Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | | | - Endeshaw Admassu Cherkos
- Department of Women's and Family Health, School of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Mengstu Melkamu Asaye
- Department of Women's and Family Health, School of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Sapp AC, Nane GF, Amaya MP, Niyonzima E, Hategekimana JP, VanSickle JJ, Gordon RM, Havelaar AH. Estimates of disease burden caused by foodborne pathogens in contaminated dairy products in Rwanda. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:657. [PMID: 37024865 PMCID: PMC10077627 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15204-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Girinka program in Rwanda has contributed to an increase in milk production, as well as to reduced malnutrition and increased incomes. But dairy products can be hazardous to health, potentially transmitting diseases such as bovine brucellosis, tuberculosis, and cause diarrhea. We analyzed the burden of foodborne disease due to consumption of raw milk and other dairy products in Rwanda to support the development of policy options for the improvement of the quality and safety of milk. METHODS Disease burden data for five pathogens (Campylobacter spp., nontyphoidal Salmonella enterica, Cryptosporidium spp., Brucella spp., and Mycobacterium bovis) were extracted from the 2010 WHO Foodborne Disease Burden Epidemiology Reference Group (FERG) database and merged with data of the proportion of foodborne disease attributable to consuming dairy products from FERG and a separately published Structured Expert Elicitation study to generate estimates of the uncertainty distributions of the disease burden by Monte Carlo simulation. RESULTS According to WHO, the foodborne disease burden (all foods) of these five pathogens in Rwanda in 2010 was like or lower than in the Africa E subregion as defined by FERG. There were 57,500 illnesses occurring in Rwanda owing to consumption of dairy products, 55 deaths and 3,870 Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) causing a cost-of-illness of $3.2 million. 44% of the burden (in DALYs) was attributed to drinking raw milk and sizeable proportions were also attributed to traditionally (16-23%) or industrially (6-22%) fermented milk. More recent data are not available, but the burden (in DALYs) of tuberculosis and diarrheal disease by all causes in Rwanda has declined between 2010 and 2019 by 33% and 46%, respectively. CONCLUSION This is the first study examining the WHO estimates of the burden of foodborne disease on a national level in Rwanda. Transitioning from consuming raw to processed milk (fermented, heat treated or otherwise) may prevent a considerable disease burden and cost-of-illness, but the full benefits will only be achieved if there is a simultaneous improvement of pathogen inactivation during processing, and prevention of recontamination of processed products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda C Sapp
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, Global Food Systems Institute, Animal Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Abrams Public Health Center, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Gabriela F Nane
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Mirna P Amaya
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, Global Food Systems Institute, Animal Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Eugène Niyonzima
- College of Agriculture, Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Rwanda, Musanze, Rwanda
| | - Jean Paul Hategekimana
- College of Agriculture, Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Rwanda, Musanze, Rwanda
| | - John J VanSickle
- Food and Resource Economics Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ronald M Gordon
- Food and Resource Economics Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Arie H Havelaar
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, Global Food Systems Institute, Animal Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Palagiri S, Bala S, Pandve H, Polamuri C, Katkuri S. Hypertensives versus Normotensives: Study on Coping Strategies and Lifestyle Determinants among Industrial Workers, Hyderabad, South India. Indian J Occup Environ Med 2023; 27:155-158. [PMID: 37600647 PMCID: PMC10434807 DOI: 10.4103/ijoem.ijoem_180_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Establishing an association between the coping strategies, stress, and lifestyle determinants with blood pressure levels among industrial workers is very essential to incorporate in the management of hypertension. Material and Methods A cross-sectional study was undertaken at three factories located in Hyderabad on a camp-based approach which employed the usage of two standardized data collection tools-brief cope inventory scale and perceived stress scale along with other lifestyle determinants. Results There were 256 study participants consisting of 144 known diagnosed cases of hypertension and 112 normotensives. Overarching coping styles mainly emotion-focused and avoidant mean scores were found to be significantly higher among the hypertensive group compared to non-hypertensives with the following facets: planning, venting, self-distraction, substance use, and behavior disengagement having higher scores and low humor scores. Mean perceived stress score, increased mean body mass index, sedentary lifestyle, and family history of hypertension were found to be statistically significant with increased odds ratio among the hypertensives group. Conclusions A need exists to target this group with psychological interventions of cognitive behavior therapy at the earliest to improve the coping strategies which can be incorporated into the management of hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sushma Palagiri
- Department of Community Medicine, ESIC Medical College, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Sudha Bala
- Community Medicine, ESIC Medical College, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Harshal Pandve
- Community Medicine, PCMC’s Yashwantrao Chavan Memorial Hospital and Postgraduate Medical Institute, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | | | - Sushma Katkuri
- Community Medicine, ESIC Medical College, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Wyszomirska J, Bąk-Sosnowska M. Time Goes Back-Time Perspective in Polish Men with Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder and Risky Sexual Behavior. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4954. [PMID: 36981863 PMCID: PMC10048791 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20064954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Many relationships between time perspective and a propensity to engage in risky behaviors or developing addictions have been demonstrated. The aim of our study was to determine the differences in intensity of individual time perspectives in people with compulsive sexual behavior disorder (CSBD) and risky sexual behavior (RSB). The analysis includes 425 men: 98 CSBD (age M = 37.99 years), 63 RSB (age M = 35.70 years), 264 without CSBD and RSB features constituting the control group (age M = 35.08 years). We used the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory, the Sexual Addiction Screening Test-Revised, the Risky Sexual Behavior Scale and a self-constructed survey. The comparative analysis showed a higher intensity of past-negative (p = 0.040), a lower of past-positive (p < 0.001) and a present-fatalistic (p = 0.040) outlook in the CSBD group compared to the control group. Compared to the participants with RSB, the CSBD group was characterized by a higher intensity of past-negative (p = 0.010), a lower of past-positive (p = 0.004) and a present-hedonistic perspective (p = 0.014). The RSB group also achieved higher results from the present-hedonistic perspective (p = 0.046) compared to the control group. The CSBD patients indicate a stronger tendency to focus on negative past compared to non-CSBD men, both taking and not taking RSB. The time perspective profiles of RSB men are similar to those who do not engage in RSB. The distinguishing feature of men with RSB without CSBD is a greater ability to enjoy current experiences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Wyszomirska
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
| | - Monika Bąk-Sosnowska
- Center for Psychosomatics and Preventive Healthcare, WSB University in Dąbrowa Górnicza, 41-300 Dąbrowa Górnicza, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
de Boer N, Vermeulen J, Lin B, van Os J, ten Have M, de Graaf R, van Dorsselaer S, Bak M, Rutten B, Batalla A, Guloksuz S, Luykx JJ. Longitudinal associations between alcohol use, smoking, genetic risk scoring and symptoms of depression in the general population: a prospective 6-year cohort study. Psychol Med 2023; 53:1409-1417. [PMID: 35023464 PMCID: PMC10009403 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291721002968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol consumption, smoking and mood disorders are leading contributors to the global burden of disease and are highly comorbid. Yet, their interrelationships have remained elusive. The aim of this study was to examine the multi-cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between (change in) smoking and alcohol use and (change in) number of depressive symptoms. METHODS In this prospective, longitudinal study, 6646 adults from the general population were included with follow-up measurements after 3 and 6 years. Linear mixed-effects models were used to test multi-cross-sectional and longitudinal associations, with smoking behaviour, alcohol use and genetic risk scores for smoking and alcohol use as independent variables and depressive symptoms as dependent variables. RESULTS In the multi-cross-sectional analysis, smoking status and number of cigarettes per day were positively associated with depressive symptoms (p < 0.001). Moderate drinking was associated with less symptoms of depression compared to non-use (p = 0.011). Longitudinally, decreases in the numbers of cigarettes per day and alcoholic drinks per week as well as alcohol cessation were associated with a reduction of depressive symptoms (p = 0.001-0.028). Results of genetic risk score analyses aligned with these findings. CONCLUSIONS While cross-sectionally smoking and moderate alcohol use show opposing associations with depressive symptoms, decreases in smoking behaviour as well as alcohol consumption are associated with improvements in depressive symptoms over time. Although we cannot infer causality, these results open avenues to further investigate interventions targeting smoking and alcohol behaviours in people suffering from depressive symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N. de Boer
- Department of Psychiatry, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J. Vermeulen
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - B. Lin
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J. van Os
- Department of Psychiatry, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - M. ten Have
- Department of Epidemiology, Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - R. de Graaf
- Department of Epidemiology, Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - S. van Dorsselaer
- Department of Epidemiology, Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M. Bak
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- FACT, Mondriaan Mental Health, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - B. Rutten
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - A. Batalla
- Department of Psychiatry, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - S. Guloksuz
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - J. J. Luykx
- Department of Psychiatry, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- GGNet Mental Health, Apeldoorn, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Jensen NS, Wehland M, Wise PM, Grimm D. Latest Knowledge on the Role of Vitamin D in Hypertension. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054679. [PMID: 36902110 PMCID: PMC10003079 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is the third leading cause of the global disease burden, and while populations live longer, adopt more sedentary lifestyles, and become less economically concerned, the prevalence of hypertension is expected to increase. Pathologically elevated blood pressure (BP) is the strongest risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and related disability, thus making it imperative to treat this disease. Effective standard pharmacological treatments, i.e., diuretics, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blocker (ARBs), beta-adrenergic receptor blockers (BARBs), and calcium channel blockers (CCBs), are available. Vitamin D (vitD) is known best for its role in bone and mineral homeostasis. Studies with vitamin D receptor (VDR) knockout mice show an increased renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) activity and increased hypertension, suggesting a key role for vitD as a potential antihypertensive agent. Similar studies in humans displayed ambiguous and mixed results. No direct antihypertensive effect was shown, nor a significant impact on the human RAAS. Interestingly, human studies supplementing vitD with other antihypertensive agents reported more promising results. VitD is considered a safe supplement, proposing its great potential as antihypertensive supplement. The aim of this review is to examine the current knowledge about vitD and its role in the treatment of hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niklas S. Jensen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Ole Worms Allé 4, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Markus Wehland
- Department of Microgravity and Translational Regenerative Medicine, University Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto von Guericke University, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
- Research Group “Magdeburger Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Forschung unter Raumfahrt- und Schwerelosigkeitsbedingungen” (MARS), Otto von Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Petra M. Wise
- The Saban Research Institute, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, 4650 Sunset Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - Daniela Grimm
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Ole Worms Allé 4, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Microgravity and Translational Regenerative Medicine, University Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto von Guericke University, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
- Research Group “Magdeburger Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Forschung unter Raumfahrt- und Schwerelosigkeitsbedingungen” (MARS), Otto von Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +45-21379702
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Schizophrenia as a risk factor for cardiovascular and metabolic health outcomes: a comparative risk assessment. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci 2023; 32:e8. [PMID: 36756905 PMCID: PMC9971851 DOI: 10.1017/s2045796023000045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Cardiometabolic diseases are responsible for the majority of premature deaths in people with schizophrenia. This study aimed to quantify the fatal burden of ischaemic heart disease (IHD), stroke and diabetes attributable to schizophrenia. METHODS Comparative Risk Assessment methodology from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study was used to calculate attributable burden; pooled relative risks (RRs) for IHD, stroke and diabetes were estimated via meta-regression, which were combined with GBD schizophrenia prevalence estimates to calculate the deaths and years of life lost (YLLs) caused by these health outcomes that were attributable to schizophrenia. The proportion of explained all-cause fatal burden and corresponding unexplained burden was also calculated. RESULTS The pooled RRs for IHD, stroke and diabetes mortality were 2.36 [95% uncertainty interval (UI) 1.77 to 3.14], 1.86 (95% UI 1.36 to 2.54) and 4.08 (95% UI 3.80 to 4.38) respectively. Schizophrenia was responsible for around 50 000 deaths and almost 1.5 million YLLs globally in 2019 from these health outcomes combined. IHD, stroke and diabetes together explained around 13% of all deaths and almost 11% of all YLLs attributable to schizophrenia, resulting in 320 660 (95% UI 288 299 to 356 517) unexplained deaths and 12 258 690 (95% UI 10 925 426 to 13 713 646) unexplained YLLs. CONCLUSIONS Quantifying the physical disease burden attributable to schizophrenia provides a means of capturing the substantial excess mortality associated with this disorder within the GBD framework, contributing to an important evidence base for healthcare planning and practice.
Collapse
|
49
|
Yang Y, Wu Q, Lv Q, Li J, Li L, Wang S. Dietary sodium, potassium intake, sodium-to-potassium ratio and risk of hypertension: a protocol for systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of cohort studies. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e065470. [PMID: 36754555 PMCID: PMC9923265 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-065470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hypertension (HTN) is the leading cause of disease and death on a global scale. Diet's sodium and potassium levels may synergistically affect blood pressure. Currently, the sodium-to-potassium (Na/K) ratio is becoming a more reliable indicator. There has not been a systematic investigation of the dose-response relationship between dietary sodium, potassium, the Na/K ratio and the incidence of HTN based on the same study criteria. This study will conduct a thorough dose-response meta-analysis of cohort studies to estimate the effects of dietary sodium, potassium, and the Na/K ratio on the incidence of HTN to provide the most accurate reference for sodium and potassium intake. METHODS AND ANALYSIS We will identify all relevant prospective and retrospective cohort studies by searching PubMed, Embase and Web of Science (from inception until December 2022). Exposures are 24 hours urinary excretions, and the outcome is the incidence of HTN. Two researchers will perform the literature selection and data extraction separately. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale will be used to evaluate the quality of the included studies. We will use both linear and non-linear regression models to investigate the dose-response relationship among different levels (≥3) of sodium, potassium, Na/K ratio intake and the incidence of HTN (OR/RR/HR). Subgroup and sensitivity analyses will be applied to assess the potential heterogeneity sources and examine the stability of the results. We will also evaluate heterogeneity across studies and publication bias. Stata V.15.0 and RevMan V.5.0 will be used for statistical analyses. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION According to the Institutional Review Board/Independent Ethics Committee of the Guang'anmen Hospital of the China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, this systematic meta-analysis protocol does not require ethical approval or informed consent. This meta-analysis will be published in a scientific journal with peer reviews. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42022331203.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingtian Yang
- Faculty of Clinical Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Department of Cardiovascular, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Guang'anmen Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Guang'anmen Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianyu Lv
- Department of Cardiovascular, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Guang'anmen Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Junjia Li
- Department of Cardiovascular, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Guang'anmen Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lanlan Li
- Department of Cardiovascular, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Guang'anmen Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shihan Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Guang'anmen Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Lamaro GP, Tsehaye Y, Girma A, Vannini A, Fedeli R, Loppi S. Essential Mineral Elements and Potentially Toxic Elements in Orange-Fleshed Sweet Potato Cultivated in Northern Ethiopia. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:266. [PMID: 36829543 PMCID: PMC9953109 DOI: 10.3390/biology12020266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the influence of the agro-climatic environment of Northern Ethiopia on the content of essential mineral elements of selected orange-fleshed sweetpotato genotypes, the potential contribution of each genotype's essential mineral elements to the recommended dietary allowance, and the potential risk to human health from the accumulation of potentially toxic elements in the tuberous roots of the studied genotypes. The results showed consistent interspecific variations in the content of essential mineral elements among the studied orange-fleshed sweetpotato genotypes, as well as important intraspecific differences, which could depend on the variations in soil mineral and organic matter content, rainfall, temperature, as well as interactions between genotype and environment. The investigated genotypes, especially Kulfo, Ininda, Gloria, and Amelia, can provide an amount of several essential mineral elements high enough to meet 100% of the recommended dietary allowance for all age groups ≤8 years. The mean content of potentially toxic elements in tuberous roots and their daily intake values were within the recommended permissible levels; likewise, no health risk was associated with the consumption of these genotypes for Cr, As, and Pb. However, Al, Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Ni is > 1, consumption imposes health risks based on daily accumulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Peace Lamaro
- Institute of Climate and Society, Mekelle University, Mekelle P.O. Box 231, Ethiopia
| | - Yemane Tsehaye
- Department of Dryland Crops and Horticultural Sciences, College of Dryland Agriculture and Natural Resources, Mekelle University, Mekelle P.O. Box 231, Ethiopia
| | - Atkilt Girma
- Institute of Climate and Society, Mekelle University, Mekelle P.O. Box 231, Ethiopia
- Department of Land Resources Management and Environmental Protection (LaRMEP), College of Dryland Agriculture and Natural Resources, Mekelle University, Mekelle P.O. Box 231, Ethiopia
| | - Andrea Vannini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Riccardo Fedeli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Stefano Loppi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
- BAT Center—Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Napoli, Italy
| |
Collapse
|