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Xia YQ, Yang Y, Liu Y, Li CH, Liu PF. Investigation of copper-induced intestinal damage and proteome alterations in Takifugu rubripes: Potential health risks and environmental toxicology detection. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 282:116718. [PMID: 39024957 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Copper is one of the predominant water pollutants. Excessive exposure to copper can cause harm to animal health, affecting the central nervous system and causing blood abnormalities. Cuproptosis is a novel form of cell death that differs from previous programmed cell death methods. However, the impact of copper on the intestines remains unclear. Therefore, we investigated the effects of different concentrations of copper exposure on the intestinal proteome of Takifugu rubripes (T. rubripes). Relevant biomarkers were used to detect cuproptosis. We revealed the crosstalk relationship between cuproptosis and self-rescue at different concentrations, and discussed the feasibility of using potential cuproptosis indicators as anti-infection factors. We observed intestinal damage in the three copper exposure groups, especially in T. rubripes treated with 100 and 500 μg/L copper, with shedding and breakage of intestinal villus and fuzzy and loose structure of intestinal mucosa. The presence of copper stress not only causes cuproptosis but also oxidative damage caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS). The results of quantitative proteomics by TMT showed that compared to the 50 and 100 μg/L copper exposure groups, the expression of glutaminase, pyruvate kinase, and skin mucus lectin in the 500 μg/L group was significantly increased. The positive mediators COX5A and CTNNB1, as well as the negative mediators CD4 and FDXR, were found to be differentially expressed. Using the protein expression trends of cuproptosis indicator factors FDX1 and DLAT to indicate the concentration of copper ions in the environment. In addition, we found a new effect of promoting ferroptosis: providing additional copper ions can activate the phenomenon of ferroptosis. Our results expand our understanding of the potential health risks of copper in T. rubripes. At the same time, it is of great significance for the process of copper poisoning and the development of new environmental toxicology detection reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Qing Xia
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment Controlled Aquaculture (Dalian Ocean University), Ministry of Education, 52 Heishijiao Street, Dalian 116023, PR China
| | - Yi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environment Controlled Aquaculture (Dalian Ocean University), Ministry of Education, 52 Heishijiao Street, Dalian 116023, PR China; College of Marine Technology and Environment, Dalian Ocean University, 52 Heishijiao Street, Dalian 116023, PR China
| | - Ying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environment Controlled Aquaculture (Dalian Ocean University), Ministry of Education, 52 Heishijiao Street, Dalian 116023, PR China; College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Cheng-Hua Li
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, PR China
| | - Peng-Fei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environment Controlled Aquaculture (Dalian Ocean University), Ministry of Education, 52 Heishijiao Street, Dalian 116023, PR China; College of Marine Technology and Environment, Dalian Ocean University, 52 Heishijiao Street, Dalian 116023, PR China.
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Green SL, Silvester E, Dworkin S, Shakya M, Klein A, Lowe R, Datta K, Holland A. Molecular variations to the proteome of zebrafish larvae induced by environmentally relevant copper concentrations. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2024; 272:106963. [PMID: 38776608 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.106963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Contaminants are increasingly accumulating in aquatic environments and biota, with potential adverse effects on individual organisms, communities and ecosystems. However, studies that explore the molecular changes in fish caused by environmentally relevant concentrations of metals, such as copper (Cu), are limited. This study uses embryos of the model organism zebrafish (Danio rerio) to investigate effect of Cu on the proteome and amino acid (AA) composition of fish. Wild-type embryos at 24 h post-fertilisation were exposed to Cu (2 µg L-1 to 120 µg L-1) for 96 h and the number of healthy larvae were determined based on larvae that had hatched and did not display loss of equilibrium (LOE). The effect concentrations where Cu caused a 10 % (EC10) or 50 % (EC50) decrease in the number of healthy larvae were calculated as 3.7 µg L-1 and 10.9 µg L-1, respectively. Proteomics analysis of embryos exposed to the EC10 and EC50 concentrations of Cu revealed the proteome to differ more strongly after 48 h than 96 h, suggesting the acclimatisation of some larvae. Exposure to excess Cu caused differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) involved in oxidative stress, mitochondrial respiration, and neural transduction as well as the modulation of the AAs (Proline, Glycine and Alanine). This is the first study to suggest that LOE displayed by Cu-stressed fish may involve the disruption to GABAergic proteins and the calcium-dependent inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA. Moreover, this study highlights that proteomics and AA analysis can be used to identify potential biomarkers for environmental monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Green
- Department of Environment and Genetics, La Trobe University, 133 Mckoy Street, West Wodonga, Albury-Wodonga Campus, Victoria 3690, Australia.
| | - Ewen Silvester
- Department of Environment and Genetics, La Trobe University, 133 Mckoy Street, West Wodonga, Albury-Wodonga Campus, Victoria 3690, Australia
| | - Sebastian Dworkin
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, La Trobe University, Bundoora Campus, Victoria, Australia
| | - Manisha Shakya
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, Faculty of Science, Agriculture, Business and Law, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Annaleise Klein
- Australian Synchrotron, ANSTO, 800 Blackburn Road, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Rohan Lowe
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Platform, La Trobe University, Bundoora Campus, Victoria, Australia
| | - Keshava Datta
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Platform, La Trobe University, Bundoora Campus, Victoria, Australia
| | - Aleicia Holland
- Department of Environment and Genetics, La Trobe University, 133 Mckoy Street, West Wodonga, Albury-Wodonga Campus, Victoria 3690, Australia
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Yang L, Zeng J, Gao N, Zhu L, Feng J. Predicting the Metal Mixture Toxicity with a Toxicokinetic-Toxicodynamic Model Considering the Time-Dependent Adverse Outcome Pathways. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:3714-3725. [PMID: 38350648 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c09857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Chemicals mainly exist in ecosystems as mixtures, and understanding and predicting their effects are major challenges in ecotoxicology. While the adverse outcome pathway (AOP) and toxicokinetic-toxicodynamic (TK-TD) models show promise as mechanistic approaches in chemical risk assessment, there is still a lack of methodology to incorporate the AOP into a TK-TD model. Here, we describe a novel approach that integrates the AOP and TK-TD models to predict mixture toxicity using metal mixtures (specifically Cd-Cu) as a case study. We preliminarily constructed an AOP of the metal mixture through temporal transcriptome analysis together with confirmatory bioassays. The AOP revealed that prolonged exposure time activated more key events and adverse outcomes, indicating different modes of action over time. We selected a potential key event as a proxy for damage and used it as a measurable parameter to replace the theoretical parameter (scaled damage) in the TK-TD model. This refined model, which connects molecular responses to organism outcomes, effectively predicts Cd-Cu mixture toxicity over time and can be extended to other metal mixtures and even multicomponent mixtures. Overall, our results contribute to a better understanding of metal mixture toxicity and provide insights for integrating the AOP and TK-TD models to improve risk assessment for chemical mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanpeng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Process and Environmental Criteria of Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
- School of Energy and Environment and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China
| | - Jing Zeng
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Ning Gao
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Process and Environmental Criteria of Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Process and Environmental Criteria of Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Jianfeng Feng
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Process and Environmental Criteria of Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
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Guillante T, Fonseca JDS, Costa PG, Bianchini A, Robaldo RB, Zebral YD. Sex-biased response of pollution biomarkers in fish: Insights from the killifish Poecilia vivipara. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 261:106613. [PMID: 37352752 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
Copper ions (Cu) are one of the most frequent trace-contaminants found in Brazilian waters and, although considered as an essential element, in high concentrations can accumulate and induce toxicity. Biomarkers are important tools that can be used to assess these impacts, but to be considered trustworthy, they have to be previously tested in target organisms through laboratory studies under controlled conditions. However, many of these experiments are conducted using only males, as it is believed that the hormonal variation of females can bias the results, increasing data variability. Notwithstanding, few studies have actually tested this hypothesis, highlighting the importance of considering and measuring the role of sex in ecotoxicological studies. The aim this study was to evaluate the influence of sex on biomarkers classically used in environmental monitoring programs using the fish Poecilia vivipara as model. For this, females and males were exposed for 96 h to two Cu concentrations (9 and 20 μg/L) and a control group. In liver and gills, Cu accumulation, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) were evaluated. In addition, samples of peripheral blood were used for neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio determination, a measure of the onset of secondary stress. Results show that Cu hepatic accumulation did not differ between females and males, but higher levels of this metal were observed in exposed animals compared to control fish. Additionally, interactive effects were observed for hepatic LPO, as males showed elevated oxidative damage in comparison to females. Moreover, Cu exposure elevated hepatic LPO relative to control only in males, but this increase in oxidative damage was not accompanied by changes in liver TAC. On the other hand, differences in branchial Cu accumulation and LPO were not observed. Conversely, control females showed elevated TAC in comparison to control males, but Cu exposure eliminated this difference. Cu exposure also induced an increase in the N:L ratio, indicating the presence of a secondary stress response unrelated to sex. Ultimately, the findings of this study demonstrate that sex can influence the response of biomarkers that are typically used in ecotoxicological investigations in a multifaceted manner. As a result, using animals from a singular sex in such studies may result in consequential outcomes, potentially leading to underestimation or overestimation of results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tainá Guillante
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Juliana da Silva Fonseca
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Gomes Costa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Adalto Bianchini
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Yuri Dornelles Zebral
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.
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Hassan MA, Mahmoud YK, Elnabtiti AAS, El-Hawy AS, El-Bassiony MF, Abdelrazek HMA. Evaluation of Cadmium or Lead Exposure with Nannochloropsis oculata Mitigation on Productive Performance, Biochemical, and Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Barki Rams. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:2341-2354. [PMID: 35705889 PMCID: PMC10020321 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03318-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to determine the lead or cadmium exposure of Barki rams and the beneficial role of Nannochlorposis oculata (N. oculata) 4% as a feed supplement, as well as its mitigating role against these elements' impacts concerning performance, biochemical markers of liver enzymes and kidney function, thyroid hormone activity, and oxidative stress markers. Six groups of 36 Barki rams (33.63 ± 1.29 kg) were divided into G1: which served as control; G2: was given 4% dietary N. oculata; G3: was given oral 1 mg/kg cadmium chloride; G4: was given 5 mg/kg/day lead acetate; G5: was given oral 1 mg/kg cadmium chloride and 4% dietary N. oculata, and G6: was given oral 5 mg/kg/day lead acetate and 4% dietary N. oculata; and treatments were continued for 60 days. Cadmium and lead-exposed groups exhibited lower and weaker weight gain as well as feed conversion ratio, respectively, than the control and other groups. Additionally, levels of T3, T4, total proteins, albumin, and glutathione (GSH) were significantly reduced in both G3 and G4 compared to control. However, urea, creatinine, ALT, AST, total cholesterol, triglycerides, protein carbonyl content (PCC), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were significantly increased (P ≤ 0.05) in cadmium and lead-exposed groups. Dietary N. oculata (4%) improves serum proteins, creatinine, urea, T4, and oxidative stress indicators as compared to the control group. Finally, 4% dietary N. oculata greatly enhances the investigated parameters in terms of performance, thyroid hormones, serum biochemical, and antioxidant activity and may assist in reducing the endocrine disrupting effects of Pb and Cd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa A Hassan
- Department of Animal Hygiene, Zoonoses and Behavior, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt.
| | - Yasmina K Mahmoud
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - A A S Elnabtiti
- Animal Wealth Development Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - A S El-Hawy
- Animal and Poultry Production Division, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Heba M A Abdelrazek
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
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Aissia E, Blier PU, Fadhlaoui M, Couture P. Thermal modulation of mitochondrial function is affected by environmental nickel in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 257:106451. [PMID: 36868082 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the combined effects of temperature and nickel (Ni) contamination on liver mitochondria electron transport system (ETS) enzymes, citrate synthase (CS), phospholipid fatty acid composition and lipid peroxidation in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Juvenile trout were acclimated for two weeks to two different temperatures (5˚C and 15˚C) and exposed to nickel (Ni; 520 μg/L) for three weeks. Using ratios of ETS enzymes and CS activities, our data suggest that Ni and an elevated temperature acted synergistically to induce a higher capacity for reduction status of the ETS. The response of phospholipid fatty acid profiles to thermal variation was also altered under nickel exposure. In control conditions, the proportion of saturated fatty acids (SFA) was higher at 15˚C than at 5˚C, while the opposite was observed for monounsaturated (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). However, in nickel contaminated fish, the proportion of SFA was higher at 5˚C than at 15˚C, while PUFA and MUFA followed the opposite direction. A higher PUFA ratio is associated with higher vulnerability to lipid peroxidation. Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS) content was higher when the PUFA were in higher proportions, except for Ni-exposed, warm-acclimated fish, in which we reported the lowest level of TBARS but the highest proportion of PUFA. We suspect that the interaction of nickel and temperature on lipid peroxidation is due to their synergistic effects on aerobic energy metabolism, as supported by the decrease in the activity of complex IV of the ETS enzyme activity in those fish, or on antioxidant enzymes and pathways. Overall, our study demonstrates that Ni exposure in heat-challenged fish can lead to the remodelling of the mitochondrial phenotype and potentially stimulate alternative antioxidant mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elyas Aissia
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique - Centre Eau Terre Environment, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Pierre U Blier
- Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Québec, Canada
| | - Mariem Fadhlaoui
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique - Centre Eau Terre Environment, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Patrice Couture
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique - Centre Eau Terre Environment, Québec, Québec, Canada.
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Haeri V, Karimi E, Oskoueian E. Synthesized nanoliposome-encapsulated kaempferol attenuates liver health parameters and gene expression in mice challenged by cadmium-induced toxicity. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2023; 70:429-438. [PMID: 35696633 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In the present research, we encapsulated a flavonoid called kaempferol into nanoliposomal structures and the health-promoting effects of synthesized nanoliposome-loaded kaempferol (NLK) were evaluated in mice challenged by cadmium-induced . The NLK characteristics, such as size, zeta potential, and polydispersity index, were 218.4 nm, -28.55 mV, and 0.29, respectively. The in vivo experiment revealed that the mice receiving water containing cadmium (2 mg/kg body weight/day) showed significant (p < 0.05) weight loss, an increase in liver enzyme activities, and hepatic oxidative stress. Dietary supplementation with NLK at concentrations of 2.5 and 5 mg/kg mice body weight notably (p < 0.05) improved the body weight, liver enzyme activities, hepatic oxidative stress, and antioxidant potential of the liver. Our findings elucidated that NLK could alleviate the toxicity of cadmium in mice challenged by cadmium-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahideh Haeri
- Department of Biology, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, IRAN
| | - Ehsan Karimi
- Department of Biology, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, IRAN
| | - Ehsan Oskoueian
- Department of Research and Development, Arka Industrial Cluster, Mashhad, Iran
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Sublethal Effects of Cadmium on the Osmoregulatory and Acid-Base Parameters of Tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus) at Various Times. J Toxicol 2023; 2023:2857650. [PMID: 36891516 PMCID: PMC9988379 DOI: 10.1155/2023/2857650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cadmium (Cd) can contaminate aquatic environments as a result of anthropogenic activity. Cd accumulates quickly in the tissues of fish and has the potential to affect their physiology, including osmoregulation and acid-base balance. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the sublethal effects of Cd on the osmoregulation and acid-base balance of tilapia Oreochromis niloticus at different times. Methods Fish were exposed to sublethal concentrations of Cd (1 and 2 mg/L) for 4 and 15 days. At the end of the experiment, fish were collected from each treatment to examine the levels of Cd and carbonic anhydrase (CA) in the gills, plasma osmolality, ions, blood pH, pCO2, pO2, and hematological parameters. Results Cd concentrations in gills rose with increasing Cd concentrations in the medium and exposure time. Cd inhibited respiration by generating metabolic acidosis, decreasing gill CA, reducing pO2, plasma osmolality, Cl-, and K+, particularly at 2 mg/L for 4 days and 1 and 2 mg/L for 15 days. Red blood cell (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb), and hematocrit (Ht) levels decreased as Cd levels in water and exposure duration increased. Conclusion Cd inhibits respiration, lowers RCB, Hb, and Ht levels and decreases ionic and osmotic regulation. All of these impairments can limit a fish's ability to provide appropriate oxygen to its cells, hence diminishing its physical activity and productivity.
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Haverinen J, Vornanen M. Dual effect of metals on branchial and renal Na,K-ATPase activity in thermally acclimated crucian carp (Carassius carassius) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 254:106374. [PMID: 36542896 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2022.106374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals are harmful to aquatic animals by disrupting their ionic balance. Here, we compare the effects of three metals, zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni) and manganese (Mn) on Na,K-ATPase activity in gills and kidneys in fish species with different ecophysiological characteristics. Crucian carp (Carassius carassius), a cold-dormant species, and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), a cold-active species, were acclimated to 2 °C and 18 °C, and branchial and renal Na,K-ATPase activities were measure in the presence of Zn, Ni and Mn. Under basal conditions, species-, tissues- and temperature-dependent differences appeared in Na,K-ATPase activity. Renal Na,K-ATPase activity was higher in trout than carp, and cold-acclimation increased Na,K-ATPase activity in both species. Cold-acclimation reduced branchial Na,K-ATPase activity in carp, but no acclimation effect was found in trout. In both species and tissues, Zn stimulated Na,K-ATPase in concentration-dependent manner at 0.1 to 3 μM. At 30 µM, Zn strongly inhibited both branchial and renal Na,K-ATPase in both species. Inhibition by Zn was stronger in trout than carp, but no differences existed between acclimation groups in either species. Ni (0.1-3.0 µM) stimulated renal Na,K-ATPase in crucian carp but not in rainbow trout. At 30 µM, Ni depressed the renal Na,K-ATPase of carp back to the control level. Mn had no statistically significant effect on Na,K-ATPase in either species. At low concentrations, Zn and Ni impose an energetic cost to fish by increasing ATP consumption in Na,K-ATPase activity. At higher concentrations, Zn, but not Ni and Mn, strongly inhibit renal and branchial Na,K-ATPase. Due to differences in baseline activity level and acclimation-induced changes in renal and branchial Na,K-ATPase, metal pollution may impair ion regulation of fish in species-specific manner and depending on season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaakko Haverinen
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, P.O. Box 111, 80101, Joensuu.
| | - Matti Vornanen
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, P.O. Box 111, 80101, Joensuu
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Chai L, Jabbie IS, Chen A, Jiang L, Li M, Rao H. Effects of waterborne Pb/Cu mixture on Chinese toad, Bufo gargarizans tadpoles: morphological, histological, and intestinal microbiota assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:90656-90670. [PMID: 35871197 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22143-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Coexistence of heavy metals in aquatic environments exert complex effects on amphibians. Here, the adverse effects of Pb (0.14 μM) combined with Cu at concentrations of 0, 0.25, and 1.0 μM were investigated in Bufo gargarizans tadpoles. Tadpoles were chronically exposed from Gosner stage (Gs) 26 to Gs 38, and morphology of tadpoles as well as intestinal histology and bacterial community were assessed. Our results indicated that Pb+Cu1.0 exposure induced significant retardation of somatic mass, total length, intestine mass, and intestine length as well as intestinal histological alterations. Pb+Cu0.25 and Pb+Cu1.0 exposure were associated with the loss of gut bacterial diversity. Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes were two dominant phyla in tadpoles independently of heavy metal exposure, but the abundance of Proteobacteria increased significantly in Pb+Cu1.0 group and Bacteroidetes decreased significantly in all treatment groups. Furthermore, functional prediction indicated that metabolic disorders were associated with Pb+Cu0.25 and Pb+Cu1.0 exposure. Overall, relative limited shifts in intestinal bacterial diversity, composition, and functionality caused by Pb+Cu0 exposure, while coexistence of Pb and Cu induced gut dysbiosis and might further cause disturbance of metabolic homeostasis. The findings of this study provide insights into the effects of Pb and Cu coexistence on the health of amphibians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Chai
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effect in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, China.
| | - Ibrahim Sory Jabbie
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effect in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Aixia Chen
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effect in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Ling Jiang
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effect in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Mengfan Li
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effect in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Huihui Rao
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effect in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, China
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Brix KV, De Boeck G, Baken S, Fort DJ. Adverse Outcome Pathways for Chronic Copper Toxicity to Fish and Amphibians. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2022; 41:2911-2927. [PMID: 36148934 PMCID: PMC9828004 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In the present review, we synthesize information on the mechanisms of chronic copper (Cu) toxicity using an adverse outcome pathway framework and identify three primary pathways for chronic Cu toxicity: disruption of sodium homeostasis, effects on bioenergetics, and oxidative stress. Unlike acute Cu toxicity, disruption of sodium homeostasis is not a driving mechanism of chronic toxicity, but compensatory responses in this pathway contribute to effects on organism bioenergetics. Effects on bioenergetics clearly contribute to chronic Cu toxicity with impacts at multiple lower levels of biological organization. However, quantitatively translating these impacts into effects on apical endpoints such as growth, amphibian metamorphosis, and reproduction remains elusive and requires further study. Copper-induced oxidative stress occurs in most tissues of aquatic vertebrates and is clearly a significant driver of chronic Cu toxicity. Although antioxidant responses and capacities differ among tissues, there is no clear indication that specific tissues are more sensitive than others to oxidative stress. Oxidative stress leads to increased apoptosis and cellular damage in multiple tissues, including some that contribute to bioenergetic effects. This also includes oxidative damage to tissues involved in neuroendocrine axes and this damage likely alters the normal function of these tissues. Importantly, Cu-induced changes in hormone concentrations and gene expression in endocrine-mediated pathways such as reproductive steroidogenesis and amphibian metamorphosis are likely the result of oxidative stress-induced tissue damage and not endocrine disruption. Overall, we conclude that oxidative stress is likely the primary driver of chronic Cu toxicity in aquatic vertebrates, with bioenergetic effects and compensatory response to disruption of sodium homeostasis contributing to some degree to observed effects on apical endpoints. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:2911-2927. © 2022 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin V. Brix
- EcoToxMiamiFloridaUSA
- Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Sciences, Department of Marine Biology and EcologyUniversity of MiamiMiamiFloridaUSA
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12
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Yang Z, Lian W, Waiho K, Zhu L, Chen A, Cheng Y, Wang Y. Effects of copper exposure on lipid metabolism and SREBP pathway in the Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 308:136556. [PMID: 36155024 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) is not only a common metal pollutant in the aquatic environment but also an essential trace element for aquatic organisms such as the Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis). Cu is known to regulate lipid metabolism yet exert toxic effects if ingested in excess. However, the molecular regulatory roles of Cu in the lipid metabolism of crabs remains unclear. Thus, this study investigated the potential regulatory mechanism of Cu onto lipid metabolism of E. sinensis following acute Cu exposure. Crabs were exposed to environmental concentration of Cu (50 μg/L) for 96 h, and the expression of sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP) was knocked down by RNA interference (RNAi) to test its effect on Cu exposure. The results showed that RNAi significantly attenuated the Cu exposure-induced increase in lipid synthesis and triglycerides (TG) hydrolysis, while significantly inhibited the Cu exposure-induced decrease in fatty acid β-oxidation, suggesting that SREBP is involved in Cu-induced lipid metabolism. Subsequent analyses of the transcriptome results further revealed potential responsive genes of SREBP that were linked to lipid metabolism and immune regulation. Moreover, Cu may affect lipid metabolism through the TOR-SREBP pathway in E. sinensis. This work provides a reference for exploring the effects of Cu on lipid metabolism disorders in crustaceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Centre for Research on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition (CREEFFN) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Wan Lian
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Centre for Research on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition (CREEFFN) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Khor Waiho
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Liangliang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Centre for Research on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition (CREEFFN) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Aqin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Centre for Research on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition (CREEFFN) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Yongxu Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Centre for Research on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition (CREEFFN) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Youji Wang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Centre for Research on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition (CREEFFN) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.
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13
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Soegianto A, Widyanita A, Affandi M, Wirawan T, Mohamed RMSR. Cadmium and zinc accumulation and depuration in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) tissues following sub-lethal exposure. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2022; 109:464-469. [PMID: 35900370 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-022-03504-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Oreochromis niloticus was subjected to sub-lethal Cd and Zn concentrations for 14 days in order to evaluate their accumulation in the gills, liver, and muscle. Following that, the fish were placed to uncontaminated water for 7 days to allow the metals to be removed from the tissues. The gills had the highest bio-concentration factor for Cd and Zn. The gills showed the highest Cd accumulation rate, and the muscle showed the lowest. The muscle had the highest Cd depuration rate, while the liver had the lowest. The liver exhibited the highest Zn accumulation rate, while the gills and muscle had nearly similar values. Zn depuration rates were very consistent across all tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agoes Soegianto
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.
| | - Astrini Widyanita
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Moch Affandi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Teguh Wirawan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematic and Natural Sciences, University of Mulawarman, Samarinda, Indonesia
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14
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Cano-Rocabayera O, Monroy M, Moncaleano-Niño ÁM, Gómez-Cubillos MC, Ahrens MJ. An integrated biomarker approach: Non-monotonic responses to cadmium exposure in the suckermouth catfish Hypostomus plecostomus. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 248:106193. [PMID: 35588581 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2022.106193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Environmental risk assessment in aquatic ecosystems typically uses biomarkers to detect interactions between potential hazards and biological systems. Next to knowing environmental contaminant levels in tissues and the environment, it is important to link to potentially deleterious effects at higher levels of biological organization such as biochemistry, physiology, and overall health status. In this laboratory study we assessed the toxicity of waterborne cadmium (Cd) over an exposure range of 0 - 100 µg l-1 for nine days to the loricariid suckermouth catfish Hypostomus plecostomus. We evaluated the integrated response of the fish at the biochemical to physiological level by means of a suite of tissue biomarkers of exposure and effects, including Cd concentrations in gills, liver metallothioneins (MT) and cholinesterase activity (ChE) in brain, before and after the inhibition of the alkaloid eserine, as well as whole-fish resting oxygen consumption rates and ingestion rate. Tissue biomarkers (MT and ChE) showed a non-monotonic relationship, with maximum/minimum responses at intermediate doses. i.e. 10 and 50 µg l-1, whereas biomarker responses of fish exposed at 100 µg l-1 more closely resembled biomarker responses seen at lower concentrations (< 10 µg l-1). Conversely, the oxygen consumption rate peaked at 100 µg l-1, suggesting a higher metabolic cost for higher metal exposure, with no significant correlation with fish body condition and food intake. Integrated Biomarker Response (IBR) values peaked at the intermediate exposure concentration of 50 µg l-1 Cd. The non-monotonic dose-response of the biochemical biomarkers of exposure, together with the higher metabolic rates of fish exposed to 50 - 100 µg l-1 of Cd and the non-significant effects on the more relevant physiological and histological variables suggests that H. plecostomus is capable of biochemically and physiologically regulating moderately high Cd concentrations, thus representing a suitable indicator organism to monitor metal pollution by Cd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriol Cano-Rocabayera
- Department Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Goethe University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Department of Physiological Sciences, Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - Mario Monroy
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá, Carrera 45 No. 26-85, Bogotá, 111321, Colombia
| | - Ángela Margarita Moncaleano-Niño
- Department of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Bogotá Jorge Tadeo Lozano, Carrera 4 No. 22-61, Bogota, Colombia; Department of Biology, Ichthyology Laboratory, Ecology and Systematics Unit (UNESIS), Pontifical Javeriana University, Transversal 4 No. 42-00, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - María Camila Gómez-Cubillos
- Department of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Bogotá Jorge Tadeo Lozano, Carrera 4 No. 22-61, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Michael J Ahrens
- Department of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Bogotá Jorge Tadeo Lozano, Carrera 4 No. 22-61, Bogota, Colombia
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Yang Y, Zhu X, Huang Y, Zhang H, Liu Y, Xu N, Fu G, Ai X. RNA-Seq and 16S rRNA Analysis Revealed the Effect of Deltamethrin on Channel Catfish in the Early Stage of Acute Exposure. Front Immunol 2022; 13:916100. [PMID: 35747138 PMCID: PMC9211022 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.916100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Deltamethrin (Del) is a widely used pyrethroid insecticide and a dangerous material that has brought serious problems to the healthy breeding of aquatic animals. However, the toxicological mechanisms of Del on channel catfish remain unclear. In the present study, we exposed channel catfish to 0, 0.5, and 5 μg/L Del for 6 h, and analyzed the changes in histopathology, trunk kidney transcriptome, and intestinal microbiota composition. The pathological analyses showed that a high concentration of Del damaged the intestine and trunk kidney of channel catfish in the early stage. The transcriptome analysis detected 32 and 1837 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in channel catfish trunk kidneys after exposure to 0.5 and 5 μg/L Del, respectively. Moreover, the KEGG pathway and GO enrichment analyses showed that the apoptosis signaling pathway was significantly enriched, and apoptosis-related DEGs, including cathepsin L, p53, Bax, and caspase-3, were also detected. These results suggested that apoptosis occurs in the trunk kidney of channel catfish in the early stage of acute exposure to Del. We also detected some DEGs and signaling pathways related to immunity and drug metabolism, indicating that early exposure to Del can lead to immunotoxicity and metabolic disorder of channel catfish, which increases the risk of pathogenic infections and energy metabolism disorders. Additionally, 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that the composition of the intestinal microbiome significantly changed in channel catfish treated with Del. At the phylum level, the abundance of Firmicutes, Fusobacteria, and Actinobacteria significantly decreased in the early stage of Del exposure. At the genus level, the abundance of Romboutsia, Lactobacillus, and Cetobacterium decreased after Del exposure. Overall, early exposure to Del can lead to tissue damage, metabolic disorder, immunotoxicity, and apoptosis in channel catfish, and affect the composition of its intestinal microbiota. Herein, we clarified the toxic effects of Del on channel catfish in the early stage of exposure and explored why fish under Del stress are more vulnerable to microbial infections and slow growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibin Yang
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xia Zhu
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Fishery Resource and Environment Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- Fishery Resource and Environment Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yongtao Liu
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Ning Xu
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Guihong Fu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaohui Ai
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China
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16
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de Souza CA, de Almeida Duarte LF, Zanotto FP, Ortega P, Guimarães Moreira R, Antonio Amaro Pinheiro M. Seasonal effect on biomarker responses in sentinel species: innovation in mangrove conservation status assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 194:425. [PMID: 35552876 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10078-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the environmental quality in mangrove areas of the Western Atlantic with different levels and history of contamination, considering biomarkers for the crab Ucides cordatus. For this purpose, specimens were collected in two climatic seasons (rainy and dry seasons) and assays of genotoxicity (MN, micronucleus), cytotoxicity (NRRT, neutral red retention time) and biochemical (MT, metallothionein; and LPO, lipoperoxidation) were conducted. In the most impacted mangroves, there was an increase in the mean of micronucleus (frequency of MN/1000), which was associated with a shorter retention time (minutes of NRRT). In contrast, the most pristine areas showed MN < 3 and NRRT < 100 min, with no seasonal effect, indicating a lower effect of degenerative processes by xenobiotics. The rainy season was more harmful, especially regarding cytogenotoxicity. The use of bioindicator species for environmental monitoring should be guided by an analysis of biomarkers considering the season, because during the period of highest rainfall, biomarkers values can change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Araújo de Souza
- IFPA - Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia, Campus Marabá Industrial, Folha 22, Quadra Especial, Lote Especial II, Nova Marabá, Marabá, Pará, 68508-970, Brazil.
- UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Biociências (IB), Campus do Litoral Paulista (CLP), Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e Ambientais (DCBA), Laboratório de Biologia da Conservação de Crustáceos e Ambientes Costeiros/Grupo de Pesquisa em Biologia de Crustáceos (CRUSTA), Praça Infante Dom Henrique, s/n, Parque Bitaru, São Vicente, São Paulo, 11330-900, Brazil.
| | - Luis Felipe de Almeida Duarte
- UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Biociências (IB), Campus do Litoral Paulista (CLP), Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e Ambientais (DCBA), Laboratório de Biologia da Conservação de Crustáceos e Ambientes Costeiros/Grupo de Pesquisa em Biologia de Crustáceos (CRUSTA), Praça Infante Dom Henrique, s/n, Parque Bitaru, São Vicente, São Paulo, 11330-900, Brazil
| | - Flávia Pinheiro Zanotto
- UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Biociências (IB), Campus do Litoral Paulista (CLP), Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e Ambientais (DCBA), Laboratório de Biologia da Conservação de Crustáceos e Ambientes Costeiros/Grupo de Pesquisa em Biologia de Crustáceos (CRUSTA), Praça Infante Dom Henrique, s/n, Parque Bitaru, São Vicente, São Paulo, 11330-900, Brazil
- Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua Do Matão, Travessa 14, n. 101, São Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Priscila Ortega
- Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua Do Matão, Travessa 14, n. 101, São Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Renata Guimarães Moreira
- Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua Do Matão, Travessa 14, n. 101, São Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Antonio Amaro Pinheiro
- IFPA - Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia, Campus Marabá Industrial, Folha 22, Quadra Especial, Lote Especial II, Nova Marabá, Marabá, Pará, 68508-970, Brazil
- UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Biociências (IB), Campus do Litoral Paulista (CLP), Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e Ambientais (DCBA), Laboratório de Biologia da Conservação de Crustáceos e Ambientes Costeiros/Grupo de Pesquisa em Biologia de Crustáceos (CRUSTA), Praça Infante Dom Henrique, s/n, Parque Bitaru, São Vicente, São Paulo, 11330-900, Brazil
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17
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Sutha J, Anila PA, Gayathri M, Ramesh M. Long term exposure to tris (2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) causes alterations in reproductive hormones, vitellogenin, antioxidant enzymes, and histology of gonads in zebrafish (Danio rerio): In vivo and computational analysis. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 254:109263. [PMID: 35032655 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2021.109263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
In aquatic milieus, tris (2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) was detected as an emerging environmental contaminant. In this study, in vivo experiment and in-silico docking was integrated systematically to explore the toxic mechanisms of TCEP using zebrafish (Danio rerio). Fish (mean weight of 0.24 ± 0.02 g) were exposed to 100 and 1500 μg L-1 concentrations of TCEP for 28 days under the static renewal method. During chronic exposure, plasma steroid hormones such as testosterone (T) and 17β estradiol (E2), plasma vitellogenin (Vtg) and antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), and lipid peroxidation (LPO) in gonads were significantly (P < 0.05) altered in TCEP exposed group (1500 μg L-1) compared to the control group. However, the alterations of these parameters were not significant on the 14th day (except Vtg and GR in testis) in 100 μg L-1 of TCEP exposed groups. There were no significant differences (p > 0.05) in the growth parameters comparing TCEP exposed groups with the control group. The gonads of fish exposed to TCEP showed significant histopathological changes when compared to the control groups. A docking study observed that TCEP possessed binding affinity with the estrogen receptor (ERβ) and androgen receptor (AR). These data indicate that TCEP at tested concentrations adversely affects the aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesudass Sutha
- Unit of Toxicology, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Pottanthara Ashokan Anila
- Unit of Toxicology, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Murugesh Gayathri
- Unit of Toxicology, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mathan Ramesh
- Unit of Toxicology, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India.
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18
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Dhara K, Chukwuka AV, Saha S, Saha NC, Faggio C. Effects of short-term selenium exposure on respiratory activity and proximate body composition of early-life stages of Catla catla, Labeo rohita and Cirrhinus mrigala. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 90:103805. [PMID: 34974167 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2021.103805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Metal exposure impairs respiration, increases metabolic demand, and reduces energy storage/fitness in aquatic species. Respiratory impairment and energy storage was examined in acute selenium-exposed Indian major carps, Catla catla, Labeo rohita and Cirrhinus mrigala fry and were correlated with exposure concentrations. Toxicity effects were determined in a renewal bioassay using 96 h lethal selenium concentrations. Species sensitivity distribution (SSD) was also used to derive predicted no-effect concentrations, toxicity exposure ratios, for selenium exposures to early-life fish stages. Mortality was proportional with increasing concentrations. Oxygen consumption and lipid content compared to moisture and ash and of all protein content in tissues of C. catla and C. mrigala indicates that lowered oxygen consumption is directly predictive of lowered lipid content and selenium-induced hypoxia impacts the energy/nutritional status of the early-life stage of carp. This cross-taxa comparison will have major implications for advancing impact assessment and allow better targeting of species for conservation measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishore Dhara
- Freshwater Fisheries Research & Training Centre, Directorate of Fisheries, Govt. of West Bengal, Kulia, Kalyani, Nadia 741 235, West Bengal, India
| | - Azubuike V Chukwuka
- National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency (NESREA), Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Shubhajit Saha
- Department of Zoology, Sundarban Hazi Desarat College, Pathankhali, South 24 Parganas 743611, West Bengal, India
| | - Nimai Chandra Saha
- Fishery and Ecotoxicology Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Burdwan, Purba Barddhaman, West Bengal, India
| | - Caterina Faggio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
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19
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Peng F, Li J, Gong Z, Yue B, Wang X, Manyande A, Du H. Investigation of Bioaccumulation and Human Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Crayfish ( Procambarus clarkii) Farming with a Rice-Crayfish-Based Coculture Breeding Modes. Foods 2022; 11:261. [PMID: 35159413 PMCID: PMC8834495 DOI: 10.3390/foods11030261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the rapid development of the crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) industry in Chinese catering, people are paying more attention to the bioaccumulation of heavy metals in crayfish. To evaluate the health risks associated with the consumption of crayfish, nine types of heavy metals in both crayfish and abdominal muscles of crayfish were investigated. Crayfish samples were collected from rice-crayfish-based coculture breeding modes from different areas located in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. The average concentrations of heavy metals in the whole crayfish were much higher than the abdominal muscle of crayfish. The estimated daily intake (EDI) of heavy metals in the abdomen of crayfish was calculated to assess the noncarcinogenic risk and the overall noncarcinogenic risk including the target hazard quotient (THQ), the hazard index (HI) and carcinogenic risk (CR). The results of the present study showed that the consumption of crayfish may not present an obvious health risk to human associated with heavy metals. However, the THQ values of As in the abdominal muscles of crayfish for adults in EnShi (ES) and children in JiaYu (JY) should be of concern due to the higher contribution to the potential health risks of crayfish compared to other metals. Through X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) detection of heavy metal As, it is found that As in crayfish culture environment mainly exists in the form of As3+.Therefore, the quality and quantity of crayfish consumption should be moderated to prevent the bioaccumulation of As. The results indicate that crayfish cultured in different areas may have similar pollution levels and/or emissions from the same pollution sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangjun Peng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
- National R & D Branch Center for Conventional Freshwater Fish Processing, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jiawen Li
- QianJiang Public Inspection and Testing Center, Qianjiang 433100, China;
| | - Zhiyong Gong
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China;
| | - Bing Yue
- Department of Scientific Education & International Cooperation, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100022, China;
| | - Xueli Wang
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China;
| | - Anne Manyande
- School of Human and Social Sciences, University of West London, Middlesex TW8 9GA, UK;
| | - Hongying Du
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
- National R & D Branch Center for Conventional Freshwater Fish Processing, Wuhan 430070, China
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20
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Puar P, Naderi M, Niyogi S, Kwong RWM. Using zebrafish as a model to assess the individual and combined effects of sub-lethal waterborne and dietary zinc exposure during development. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 284:117377. [PMID: 34062438 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The present research used zebrafish (5-28 days post-fertilization; dpf) as a model organism to investigate the effects of chronic exposure to environmentally relevant sub-lethal concentrations of waterborne (261 μg/L) and dietary zinc (Zn) (1500 mg Zn/kg dw), either independently or simultaneously, during development. The results showed that whole body contents of Zn were increased in all Zn treatment groups, with the highest accumulation of Zn observed in larvae simultaneously exposed to elevated waterborne and dietary Zn. In addition, exposure to elevated levels of Zn, either through the water or the diet, led to a decrease in whole body calcium (Ca) contents at 28 dpf. The findings also suggested that exposure to elevated levels of Zn resulted in a significant reduction in whole body manganese (Mn) contents. More importantly, the magnitude of decrease in Mn contents by Zn exposure was markedly higher than that in Ca and appeared to mirror the increases in whole body Zn accumulation. These results indicate that Mn regulation is more sensitive than Ca to disruption by Zn exposure in developing fish. Further examination of the Zrt-Irt-Like Protein (ZIP) family of transporters using droplet digital PCR technologies revealed that several zip transporters exhibited temporal and exposure route-specific changes following Zn exposure. In particular, the level of zip4 was influenced by Zn exposure regardless of the exposure routes, while changes in zip7 and zip8 levels were predominantly driven by waterborne exposure. Overall, our findings demonstrated that zebrafish during the developmental periods are sensitive to elevated levels of Zn seen in the environment, particularly following co-exposures to waterborne and dietary Zn. Future toxicological assessment of elevated Zn exposure should consider both the exposure routes and the life stages of fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Puar
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada.
| | - Mohammad Naderi
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Som Niyogi
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E2, Canada; Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B3, Canada
| | - Raymond W M Kwong
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada.
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21
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Liu W, Qiu H, Yan Y, Xie X. Acute Cd Toxicity, Metal Accumulation, and Ion Loss in Southern Catfish ( Silurus meridionalis Chen). TOXICS 2021; 9:toxics9090202. [PMID: 34564353 PMCID: PMC8473079 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9090202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The amounts of cadmium in multiple organs and the amounts of Na+ and Ca2+ in the carcass were measured in dead and surviving southern catfish exposed to different concentrations of Cd. The 96 h median lethal concentration was 6.85 mg/L. The Cd content and Cd accumulation rate were positively correlated with Cd exposure concentrations, and there were significant differences between dead and surviving individuals, indicating that both Cd content in tissues and Cd accumulation rates were correlated with mortality. Cd levels in the liver of dead fish were saturated. A lethal threshold for Cd concentration in the whole fish was obtained. Bioconcentration factors for Cd did not decrease with increasing exposure. Acute exposure to waterborne Cd caused a significant decrease in the ion content of the fish carcass. There was a significant difference between the Na+ content of the carcass of dead fish (34.54 μmol/g wet weight) and surviving fish (59.34 μmol/g wet weight), which was not the case with the Ca2+ content, indicating that the lethal toxicity of Cd was probably related to the decrease in Na+ content. Collectively, these results suggest that whole-fish Cd concentration and carcass Na+ content can be useful indicators of fish acutely exposed to Cd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenming Liu
- Correspondence: (W.L.); (X.X.); Tel.: +86-23-6825-3505 (W.L. & X.X.)
| | | | | | - Xiaojun Xie
- Correspondence: (W.L.); (X.X.); Tel.: +86-23-6825-3505 (W.L. & X.X.)
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22
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Castaldo G, Nguyễn T, Town RM, Bervoets L, Blust R, De Boeck G. Common carp exposed to binary mixtures of Cd(II) and Zn(II): A study on metal bioaccumulation and ion-homeostasis. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 237:105875. [PMID: 34098373 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2021.105875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The aquatic environment receives a wide variety of contaminants that interact with each other, influencing their mutual toxicity. Therefore, studies of mixtures are needed to fully understand their deleterious effects on aquatic organisms. In the present experiment, we aimed to assess the effects of Cd and Zn mixtures in common carp during a one-week exposure. The used nominal waterborne metal levels were 0.02, 0.05 and 0.10 µM for Cd and 3, 7.5 and 15 µM for Zn. Our results showed on the one hand a fast Cd increase and on the other hand a delayed Zn accumulation. In the mixture scenario an inhibition of Cd accumulation due to Zn was marked in the liver but temporary in the gills. For Zn, the delayed accumulation gives an indication of the efficient homeostasis of this essential metal. Between the different mixtures, a stimulation of Zn accumulation by Cd rather than an inhibition was seen in the highest metal mixtures. However, when compared to an earlier single Zn exposure, a reduced Zn accumulation was observed. Metallothionein gene expression was quickly activated in the analysed tissues suggesting that the organism promptly responded to the stressful situation. Finally, the metal mixture did not alter tissue electrolyte levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Castaldo
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research (SPHERE), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - T Nguyễn
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research (SPHERE), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - R M Town
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research (SPHERE), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - L Bervoets
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research (SPHERE), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - R Blust
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research (SPHERE), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - G De Boeck
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research (SPHERE), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
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23
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Ferain A, Delbecque E, Neefs I, Dailly H, De Saeyer N, Van Larebeke M, Cornet V, Larondelle Y, Rees JF, Kestemont P, De Schamphelaere KAC, Debier C. Interplay between dietary lipids and cadmium exposure in rainbow trout liver: Influence on fatty acid metabolism, metal accumulation and stress response. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 231:105676. [PMID: 33341509 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed at investigating interactive effects between dietary lipids and both short- and long-term exposures to a low, environmentally realistic, cadmium (Cd) concentration. Juvenile rainbow trout were fed four isolipidic diets (31.7 g/kg) enriched in either linoleic acid (LA, 18:2n-6), alpha-linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3n-3), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3) or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3). From the 4th week of this 10-week experiment, the lipid level of the diet was increased (120.0 g/kg) and half of the fish fed each diet were aqueously exposed to Cd (0.3 μg/L) while the other half were not exposed to Cd (control). Fish were sampled and their liver was harvested for fatty acid profile, hepatic Cd and calcium concentrations, total glutathione level and gene expression assessment, either (i) after 4 weeks of feeding and 24 h of Cd contamination (day 29) (short-term Cd exposure) or (ii) after 10 weeks of feeding and 6 weeks of Cd contamination (day 70) (long-term Cd exposure). We found that both dietary lipids and Cd exposure influenced fatty acid homeostasis and metabolism. The hepatic fatty acid profile mostly reflected that of the diet (e.g. n-3/n-6 ratio) with some differences, including selective retention of specific long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) like DHA and active biotransformation of dietary LA and ALA into LC-PUFAs. Cd effects on hepatic fatty acid profiles were influenced by the duration of the exposure and the nutritional status of the fish. The effects of diet and Cd exposure on the fatty acid profiles were only sparsely explained by variation of the expression pattern of genes involved in fatty acid metabolism. The biological responses to Cd were also influenced by dietary lipids. Fish fed the ALA-enriched diet seemed to be the least affected by the Cd exposure, as they showed a higher detoxifying ability against Cd with an early upregulation of protective metallothionein a (MTa) and apoptosis regulator BCL2-Like1 (BCLx) genes, an increased long-term phospholipid synthesis and turnover and fatty acid bioconversion efficiency, as well as a lower long-term accumulation of Cd in their liver. In contrast, fish fed the EPA-enriched diet seemed to be the most sensitive to a long-term Cd exposure, with an impaired growth performance and a decreased antioxidant capacity (lower glutathione level). Our results highlight that low, environmentally realistic aqueous concentrations of Cd can affect biological response in fish and that these effects are influenced by the dietary fatty acid composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Ferain
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, UCLouvain, Croix du Sud 4-5/L7.07.03, B-1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
| | - Eva Delbecque
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, UCLouvain, Croix du Sud 4-5/L7.07.03, B-1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Ineke Neefs
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, UCLouvain, Croix du Sud 4-5/L7.07.03, B-1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Hélène Dailly
- Earth and Life Institute, UCLouvain, Croix du Sud 4-5/L7.07.03, B-1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Nancy De Saeyer
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Aquatic Ecology, Environmental Toxicology Unit, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mélusine Van Larebeke
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, UCLouvain, Croix du Sud 4-5/L7.07.03, B-1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Valérie Cornet
- Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), Institute of Life, Earth and Environment (ILEE), UNamur, rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000, Namur, Belgium
| | - Yvan Larondelle
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, UCLouvain, Croix du Sud 4-5/L7.07.03, B-1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Jean-François Rees
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, UCLouvain, Croix du Sud 4-5/L7.07.03, B-1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Patrick Kestemont
- Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), Institute of Life, Earth and Environment (ILEE), UNamur, rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000, Namur, Belgium
| | - Karel A C De Schamphelaere
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Aquatic Ecology, Environmental Toxicology Unit, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Cathy Debier
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, UCLouvain, Croix du Sud 4-5/L7.07.03, B-1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
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Paul JS, Small BC. Chronic exposure to environmental cadmium affects growth and survival, cellular stress, and glucose metabolism in juvenile channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 230:105705. [PMID: 33310672 PMCID: PMC7885307 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic activities have led to the enrichment of cadmium in freshwater systems where it is a contaminant of concern for fisheries and aquaculture as it has no known biological function and is toxic at trace concentrations. Yet, knowledge gaps remain regarding effects of chronic exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations on freshwater fish. Thus, the objectives of the current study were to assess chronic impacts of cadmium on channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) including how tissue-specific bioaccumulation patterns relate to functions of those tissues over time. We focused on liver and kidneys, and expression of genes related to cellular stress, glucose metabolism, and steroidogenesis. Catfish were exposed to concentrations of 0.5 (control), 2 (low), and 6 (high) μg L-1 Cd from fertilization to six months. Cadmium exposure negatively impacted channel catfish growth and was linked to bioaccumulation of tissue Cd, which followed a dose-related response, where concentrations in trunk kidney > liver = head kidney >> muscle. Differences in tissue Ca, Cu, Fe, and Zn concentrations were also observed between treatments. Following 3 months of exposure, expression of metallothionein (MT) and heat shock proteins (HSP) 70 & 90 increased relative to controls; however, no differences were detected at 6 months, suggesting compensation. Conversely, there were no differences in expression patterns for key genes in steroidogenesis, steroidogenic factor 1 (SF1), steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR), and cytochrome P450scc (P450), which supports the observation that Cd did not affect the secondary stress response, evaluated via plasma cortisol and glucose concentrations following a low water stress event. As a function of length and weight, the high Cd treatment yielded fish that were significantly smaller than controls. In addition to the cellular responses in MT and HSPs noted, reduced growth in the high Cd treatment was likely due, at least in part, to elevated energetic demands. This is supported by observations of the upregulation of genes necessary for glucose metabolism. Hexokinase (HK), glucose-6-phosphatase (G6P), and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) were significantly elevated in the high treatment relative to controls at 3 months of exposure. Over the study period, exposure also reduced survival of channel catfish from 3 to 6 months. Reduced fitness, as a consequence of cadmium exposure, could be visible at the population level through altered life histories and growth patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny S Paul
- Center for Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA.
| | - Brian C Small
- Aquaculture Research Institute, Department of Fish and Wildlife Sciences, University of Idaho Hagerman, ID, 83332, USA
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25
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The Duckweed, Lemna minor Modulates Heavy Metal-Induced Oxidative Stress in the Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w12112983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A two-fold integrated research study was conducted; firstly, to understand the effects of copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) on the growth and oxidative stress in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus; secondly, to study the beneficial effects of the duckweed Lemna minor L. as a heavy metal remover in wastewater. Experiments were conducted in mesocosms with and without duckweed. Tilapia fingerlings were exposed to Cu (0.004 and 0.02 mg L−1) and Zn (0.5 and 1.5 mg L−1) and fish fed for four weeks. We evaluated the fish growth performance, the hepatic DNA structure using comet assay, the expression of antioxidative genes (superoxide dismutase, SOD; catalase, CAT; glutathione peroxidase, GPx and glutathione-S-transferase, GST) and GPx and GST enzymatic activity. The results showed that Zn exhibited more pronounced toxic effects than Cu. A low dose of Cu did not influence the growth whereas higher doses of Cu and Zn significantly reduced the growth rate of tilapia compared to the control, but the addition of duckweed prevented weight loss. Furthermore, in the presence of a high dose of Cu and Zn, DNA damage decreased, antioxidant gene expressions and enzymatic activities increased. In conclusion, the results suggest that duckweed and Nile tilapia can be suitable candidates in metal remediation wastewater assessment programs.
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26
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Alewy Almashhadany D, Khalid HS, Ali HS. Determination of heavy metals and selenium contents in fish meat sold at Erbil City, Kurdistan Region, Iraq. Ital J Food Saf 2020; 9:8753. [PMID: 33282756 PMCID: PMC7706363 DOI: 10.4081/ijfs.2020.8753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Food contamination with heavy metals may pose a serious threat to human health. Fishes are the most common seafood globally. This study aimed to evaluate the levels of heavy metals in different fishes sold in Erbil city markets. The targeted heavy metal elements were cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), selenium (Se), and zinc (Zn). Seventeen dorsal meat samples were digested and subjected to metal analysis by Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry. Co, Mn, Cu and Se were detected in all samples, while cadmium was below the detectable level in all samples. The average concentrations of targeted trace elements were 0.03±0.016, 0.02±0.03, 0.07±0.08, 0.10±0.08, 0.03±0.03, and 2.90±3.33 mg/kg for cobalt, chromium, copper, manganese, nickel, and zinc, respectively. Lead was only found in one sample (5.88%). On the contrary, mercury was detected in all samples but in low concentration (0.14±0.07). All detected heavy metals with specified permissible limits by FAO/WHO were significantly lower than the permissible limits. Based on detected levels of targeted heavy metals, consumption of such fish has no potential risks to human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhary Alewy Almashhadany
- Pathological Analysis Department, Knowledge University, College of Science, Erbil City, Kurdistan Region
| | - Hawraz Sami Khalid
- Department of Chemistry, College of Education, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Erbil City, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Hoshyar Saadi Ali
- Pathological Analysis Department, Knowledge University, College of Science, Erbil City, Kurdistan Region
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27
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Castaldo G, Flipkens G, Pillet M, Town RM, Bervoets L, Blust R, De Boeck G. Antagonistic bioaccumulation of waterborne Cu(II) and Cd(II) in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and effects on ion-homeostasis and defensive mechanisms. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 226:105561. [PMID: 32688145 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In the aquatic environment, metals are present as mixtures, therefore studies on mixture toxicity are crucial to thoroughly understand their toxic effects on aquatic organisms. Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) were used to assess the effects of short-term Cu(II) and Cd(II) mixtures, using a fixed concentration of one of the metals, representing 25 % of its individual 96h-LC50 (concentration lethal for 50 % of the population) combined with a variable concentration of the other metal corresponding to 10, 25 or 50 % of its 96h-LC50, and vice versa. Our results showed a fast Cu and Cd bioaccumulation, with the percentage of increase in the order gill > liver > carcass. An inhibitory effect of Cu on Cd uptake was observed; higher Cu concentrations at fixed Cd levels resulted in a decreased accumulation of Cd. The presence of the two metal ions resulted in losses of total Na, K and Ca. Fish tried to compensate for the Na loss through the induction of the genes coding for Na+/K+-ATPase and H+-ATPase. Additionally, a counterintuitive induction of the gene encoding the high affinity copper transporter (CTR1) occurred, while a downregulation was expected to prevent further metal ion uptake. An induction of defensive mechanisms, both metal ion binding protein and anti-oxidant defences, was observed. Despite the metal accumulation and electrolyte loss, the low mortality suggest that common carp is able to cope with these metal levels, at least during a one-week exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Castaldo
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research (SPHERE), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - G Flipkens
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research (SPHERE), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - M Pillet
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research (SPHERE), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - R M Town
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research (SPHERE), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - L Bervoets
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research (SPHERE), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - R Blust
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research (SPHERE), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - G De Boeck
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research (SPHERE), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
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28
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Bernardy K, Farias JG, Pereira AS, Dorneles AOS, Bernardy D, Tabaldi LA, Neves VM, Dressler VL, Nicoloso FT. Plants' genetic variation approach applied to zinc contamination: secondary metabolites and enzymes of the antioxidant system in Pfaffia glomerata accessions. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 253:126692. [PMID: 32283427 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) is a micronutrient, but its excessive concentration can impair plant growth and development. Fertilizers, liming materials, pesticides and fungicides containing Zn have contributed to increase its concentration in agricultural soils. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effect of Zn excess on the non-enzymatic (anthocyanin and β-ecdysone) and enzymatic (superoxide dismutase-SOD and guaiacol peroxidase-GPX) antioxidant system of two P. glomerata accessions (JB and GD) grown in hydroponic system and soil, under short- and long-term exposure times. Three Zn levels (2, 100 and 200 μM) and two short-term exposure times (7 and 14 d) were tested in the hydroponic experiment. Three Zn levels (2, 100 and 200 mg kg-1) and two long-term exposure times (34 and 74 d) were tested in the soil experiment. The effects of Zn excess on P. glomerata accessions depended on the growth system and exposure time. Zinc excess in both tested growth systems resulted in significant change in the tissue oxidative process (MDA concentration) in both accessions, as well as broadened the antioxidant system response, which was based on antioxidant enzymes (SOD and GPX) and secondary metabolites (anthocyanins and β-ecdysone). The highest anthocyanin concentration was observed in accession JB, which was grown in hydroponics, but tissue anthocyanin concentration increased in both accessions, regardless of growth medium and exposure time. The β-ecdysone concentration in the roots increased in both accessions, but accession GD was more responsive to Zn excess. There was significant physiological variation in P.glomerata accessions in response to Zn excess.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katieli Bernardy
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Biology Department, 97105-900, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Aline Soares Pereira
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Biology Department, 97105-900, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Athos Odin Severo Dorneles
- Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Plant Physiology Department, 96010-900, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Daniele Bernardy
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Biology Department, 97105-900, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Luciane Almeri Tabaldi
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Biology Department, 97105-900, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Machado Neves
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Chemistry Department, 97105-900, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Valderi Luiz Dressler
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Chemistry Department, 97105-900, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Fernando Teixeira Nicoloso
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Biology Department, 97105-900, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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29
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Puar P, Niyogi S, Kwong RWM. Regulation of metal homeostasis and zinc transporters in early-life stage zebrafish following sublethal waterborne zinc exposure. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 225:105524. [PMID: 32610223 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In the present research, the effects of exposure to a sublethal concentration of zinc (Zn) on metal and ion homeostasis, and the regulation and the localization of various Zn transporters (i.e., the Zrt-Irt Like Protein (ZIP) family of Zn transporters), were investigated in zebrafish (Danio rerio) during early development. Exposure to an elevated level of Zn [4 μM (high) vs. 0.25 μM (control)] from 0 day post-fertilization (dpf) resulted in a significant increase in the whole body content of Zn at 5 dpf. A transient decrease in the whole body calcium (Ca) level was observed in 3 dpf larvae exposed to high Zn. Similarly, whole body nickel (Ni) and copper (Cu) contents were also reduced in 3 dpf larvae exposed to high Zn. Importantly, the magnitude of reduction in whole body Ni and Cu contents following Zn exposure was markedly higher than that in Ca content, suggesting that internal Ni and Cu balance were likely more sensitive to Zn exposure in developing zebrafish. Exposure to high Zn altered the mRNA expression levels of specific zip transporters, with an increase in zip1 (at 3 dpf) and zip8 (at 5 dpf), and a decrease in zip4 (at 5 dpf). The expression levels of most zip transporters tended to decrease from 3 dpf to 5 dpf with the exception of zip4 and zip8. Results from in situ hybridization revealed that several zip transporters exhibited distinct spatial distribution (e.g., zip8 in the intestinal tract, zip14 in the pronephric tubules). Overall, our findings suggested that exposure to sublethal concentrations of Zn disrupts the homeostasis of essential metals during early development and that different ZIP transporters may play unique roles in regulating Zn homeostasis in various organs in developing zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Puar
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada.
| | - Som Niyogi
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E2, Canada; Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B3, Canada
| | - Raymond W M Kwong
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada.
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Delahaut V, Rašković B, Salvado MS, Bervoets L, Blust R, De Boeck G. Toxicity and bioaccumulation of Cadmium, Copper and Zinc in a direct comparison at equitoxic concentrations in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) juveniles. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0220485. [PMID: 32271754 PMCID: PMC7145017 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The individual toxicity and bioaccumulation of cadmium, copper and zinc for common carp juveniles was evaluated in a direct comparison in two experimental setups. First, fish were exposed for 10 days to different metal concentrations in order to link metal bioaccumulation to LC50 values (concentration lethal to 50% of the animals) and incipient lethal levels (ILL, concentration where 50% survives indefinitely). Accumulated metals showed a positive dose dependent uptake for cadmium and copper, but not for zinc. Toxicity was in the order cadmium>copper>zinc with 96h LC50 values for cadmium at 0.20±0.16 μM, for copper at 0.77±0.03 μM, and for zinc at 29.89±9.03 μM respectively. For copper, the 96h exposure was sufficient to calculate the incipient lethal level and therefore 96h LC50 and ILL levels were the same, while for cadmium and zinc 5 to 6 days were needed to reach ILL resulting in slightly lower values at 0.16 μM and 28.33 μM respectively. Subsequently, a subacute exposure experiment was conducted, where carp juveniles were exposed to 2 equitoxic concentrations (10% and 50% of LC50 96 h) of the three metals for 1, 3 and 7 days. Again a significant dose-dependent increase in gill cadmium and copper, but not in zinc, was observed during the 7-day exposure. Copper clearly affected sodium levels in gill tissue, while zinc and cadmium did not significantly alter any of the gill electrolytes. The overall histopathological effects (e.g. hyperemia and hypertrophy) of the metal exposures were mild for most of the alterations. Our study showed that copper an cadmium (but not zinc) showed dose dependent metal accumulation, however this bioaccumulation was only correlated with mortality for cadmium. Metal specific alterations were reduced gill sodium levels in copper exposed fish and oedema of the primary epithelium which typically occurred in both levels of zinc exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vyshal Delahaut
- Department of Biology, University of Antwerp—Faculty of Sciences, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Božidar Rašković
- University of Belgrade—Faculty of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Zemun, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Lieven Bervoets
- Department of Biology, University of Antwerp—Faculty of Sciences, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ronny Blust
- Department of Biology, University of Antwerp—Faculty of Sciences, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Gudrun De Boeck
- Department of Biology, University of Antwerp—Faculty of Sciences, Antwerp, Belgium
- * E-mail:
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Isibor PO, Imoobe TOT, Enuneku AA, Akinduti PA, Dedeke GA, Adagunodo TA, Obafemi DY. Principal Components and Hierarchical Cluster Analyses of Trace Metals and Total Hydrocarbons in Gills, Intestines and Muscles of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822). Sci Rep 2020; 10:5180. [PMID: 32198448 PMCID: PMC7083867 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62024-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to comparatively analyze the interrelationships among iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr) and total hydrocarbons (THCs) in the gills, intestines and muscles of Clarias gariepinus collected from Osse River, Nigeria, between the periods of April, 2013 to September, 2014. The trace metals in the fish tissues were analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS, Philips model PU 9100), while total hydrocarbons were analyzed using High Performance Liquid Chromatograph (HPLC,Prominence Dual brand from HGE) equipped with a detector Shimadzu UV-Visible (UV-Vis Prominence SPD 20 A). The concentrations of trace metals and THCs in the tissues were subjected to principal component analysis (PCA), in conjunction with hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), backed up by correlation analysis (CA). In the most prioritized component among the hierarchies of contaminants, characterized as principal component 1, results of communality extractions and rotated component matrices revealed the order of contaminants was Mn > Cu > Zn > Fe > Cr in the intestines, Cr > Cu > THCs > Mn > Fe in the muscle, while Pb > Cr > Fe > Mn was the order in the gills of the fish. Iron inhibited accumulation of the other trace metals in the gills, where its threshold of essentiality was maximal. Noteworthy is the fact that Mn and Cu were the most active components in the muscle and concurrently of excess concentrations in the tissue, which is the major edible part of fish, and constitutes its main body weight, hence holds its nutritional and economic values. High level of variability which occurred in the toxicant profile across the tissues of C. gariepinus is a function of uptake route, varied organ functions and specificity of tissue permeability of the compared organs. The study demonstrated variability in organ accumulation capacity and toxicant's competitiveness irrespective of bioavailability. The study provides data useful for future ecotoxicological studies and safety of consumers of the fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Omoregie Isibor
- Department of Biological Science, Covenant University, P.M.B. 1023, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria.
| | - Tunde O Thaddeus Imoobe
- Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, University of Benin, P.M.B. 1154, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Alex Ajeh Enuneku
- Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology, University of Benin, P.M.B. 1154, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Paul Akinniyi Akinduti
- Department of Biological Science, Covenant University, P.M.B. 1023, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Gabriel Adewunmi Dedeke
- Department of Pure and Applied Zoology, Federal University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | | | - Dorcas Yemisi Obafemi
- Department of Biological Science, Covenant University, P.M.B. 1023, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
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Johari SA, Sarkheil M, Asghari S, Haghighat F, Dekani L, Keyvanshokooh S. Comparative toxicity of nanoparticulate and ionic copper following dietary exposure to common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2020; 229:108680. [PMID: 31794874 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2019.108680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Copper is an essential element for the normal growth and survival of all organisms including fish. However, its excessive presence in the environment can cause bioaccumulation and aquatic toxicology. The aim of the present study was to compare the dietary toxicity effects of two different Cu compounds, copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NPs) and ionic copper (CuSO4) in juvenile common carp, Cyprinus carpio. To prepare experimental diets, two nominal concentrations of 100 and 1000 mg Cu kg-1 diet were added to a basal diet. Carp (n = 450, average initial weight of 35.94 ± 5.35 g) were fed on the Cu-supplemented diets and basal diets for two 21-day courses as dietary exposure and recovery periods, respectively. The growth performance, survival rate and blood biochemical indices as well as copper accumulation in target organs of fish were investigated at the end of each exposure period. The results showed that the weight gain (WG) of carp significantly decreased coincident with increasing concentration of the both dietary Cu forms (P = 0.00). Both Cu sources at concentrations of 100 mg kg-1 diet decreased the survival rate of fish (P = 0.003), likely due to more feed intake and thus increased copper toxicity. The both forms of dietary Cu at two different concentrations significantly decreased the plasma glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) level compared to the control group (P = 0.008). Fish exposed to diets containing Cu sources except 100 mg Cu kg-1 of CuO-NPs showed the lower glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) activity in comparison to the control (P = 0.00). The plasma sodium level in1000 mg CuO-NPs kg-1 diet was significantly lower than the control (P = 0.001). The plasma potassium level increased in the all Cu-supplemented groups except 100 mg kg-1 of CuO-NPs after the dietary exposure period (P = 0.035). The copper accumulation was dose-dependent in all target organs. In 100 mg Cu kg-1 dietary groups, the liver showed the highest Cu accumulation (P = 0.00), while in 1000 mg Cu kg-1 dietary groups, the highest Cu content was observed in the intestine (P = 0.00). The results demonstrated the enhanced toxicological responses in fish after 21 days of dietary exposure, but the levels of most of biochemical indices and tissues Cu content decreased or returned to the control values after the recovery period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Ali Johari
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Kurdistan, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Sarkheil
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Saba Asghari
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Kurdistan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Haghighat
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Kurdistan, Iran
| | - Leila Dekani
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Kurdistan, Iran
| | - Saeed Keyvanshokooh
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Marine Natural Resources, Khorramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology, Khorramshahr, Khouzestan, Iran
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Castaldo G, Pillet M, Slootmaekers B, Bervoets L, Town RM, Blust R, De Boeck G. Investigating the effects of a sub-lethal metal mixture of Cu, Zn and Cd on bioaccumulation and ionoregulation in common carp, Cyprinus carpio. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 218:105363. [PMID: 31783302 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.105363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The aquatic environment is continuously under threat because it is the final receptor and sink of waste streams. The development of industry, mining activities and agriculture gave rise to an increase in metal pollution in the aquatic system. Thus a wide occurrence of metal mixtures exists in the aquatic environment. The assessment of mixture stress remains a challenge considering that we can not predict the toxicity of a mixture on the basis of single compounds. Therefore the analysis of the effects of environmentally relevant waterborne mixtures is needed to improve our understanding of the impact of metal pollution in aquatic ecosystems. Our aim was to assess whether 10 % of the concentration of the 96 h LC50 (the concentration that is lethal to 50 % of the population in 96 h) of individual metal exposures can be considered as a "safe" concentration when applied in a trinomial mixture. Therefore, common carp were exposed to a sublethal mixture of Cu 0.07 ± 0.001 μM (4.3 ± 0.6 μg/L), Zn 2.71 ± 0.81 μM (176.9 ± 52.8 μg/L) and Cd 0.03 ± 0.0004 μM (3.0 ± 0.4 μg/L) at 20 °C for a period of one week. Parameters assessed included survival rate, bioaccumulation and physiological biomarkers related to ionoregulation and defensive mechanisms such as MT induction. Our results showed a sharp increase in Cu and Cd concentration in gills within the first day of exposure while Zn levels remained stable. The accumulation of these metals led to a Na drop in gills, liver and muscle as well as a decreased K content in the liver. Biomarkers related to Na uptake were also affected: on the first day gene expression for H+-ATPase was transiently increased while a concomitant decreased gene expression of the Na+/H+ exchanger occurred. A fivefold induction of metallothionein gene expression was reported during the entire duration of the experiment. Despite the adverse effects on ionoregulation all fish survived, indicating that common carp are able to cope with these low metal concentrations, at least during a one week exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Castaldo
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - M Pillet
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - B Slootmaekers
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - L Bervoets
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - R M Town
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - R Blust
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - G De Boeck
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
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Pilehvar A, Town RM, Blust R. The interactive effect of copper(II) and conspecific alarm substances on behavioural responses of zebrafish (Danio rerio). Behav Brain Res 2019; 381:112452. [PMID: 31881231 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Environmental contaminants such as metal ions can have detrimental effects on aquatic organisms at the molecular, organismal and population levels. In the present work, we examined the interactive effect of Cu(II) and conspecific alarm substance on zebrafish behavioural responses utilizing the novel tank diving assay. To this end, 3 novel tank diving tests (on day 0, 3 and 10 of the experimental phase) were conducted on zebrafish in 4 experimental groups: (1) control: no Cu(II) and no alarm substance, (2) Cu(II) only: exposed to 0.78 μM Cu(II) (25 % of the 240 h LC50) in the home tank for 10 days, (3) alarm substance only: exposed to alarm substance for 6 min concomitant with behavioural testing, and (4) Cu(II) + alarm substance: exposed to 0.78 μM Cu(II) in the home tank for 10 days and treated with alarm substance for 6 min during the behavioural testing. Results showed robust habituation response of zebrafish. Exposure to Cu(II) did not affect the behavioural phenotypes of zebrafish in the novel tank diving test or habituation responses. Alarm substance treatment evoked strong anxiety-like behaviour. Finally, zebrafish in the Cu(II) + alarm substance group lost their sensitivity to alarm substance in repeated novel tank assays throughout the concomitant Cu(II) exposure; this observation is tentatively ascribed to Cu(II)-induced olfactory impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Pilehvar
- Laboratory of Systemic, Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research (SPHERE), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Raewyn M Town
- Laboratory of Systemic, Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research (SPHERE), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ronny Blust
- Laboratory of Systemic, Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research (SPHERE), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
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35
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Mehdi H, Bragg LM, Servos MR, Craig PM. Multiple Stressors in the Environment: The Effects of Exposure to an Antidepressant (Venlafaxine) and Increased Temperature on Zebrafish Metabolism. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1431. [PMID: 31803073 PMCID: PMC6877669 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquatic organisms are continuously exposed to multiple environmental stressors working cumulatively to alter ecosystems. Wastewater-dominated environments are often riddled by a myriad of stressors, such as chemical and thermal stressors. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of an environmentally relevant concentration of a commonly prescribed antidepressant, venlafaxine (VFX) [1.0 μg/L], in addition to a 5°C increase in water temperature on zebrafish metabolism. Fish were chronically exposed (21 days) to one of four conditions: (i) 0 μg/L VFX at 27°C; (ii) 1.0 μg/L VFX at 27°C; (iii) 0 μg/L VFX at 32°C; (iv) 1.0 μg/L VFX at 32°C. Following exposure, whole-body metabolism was assessed by routine metabolic rate (RMR) measurements, whereas tissue-specific metabolism was assessed by measuring the activities of major metabolic enzymes in addition to glucose levels in muscle. RMR was significantly higher in the multi-stressed group relative to Control. The combination of both stressors resulted in elevated pyruvate kinase activity and glucose levels, while lipid metabolism was depressed, as measured by 3-hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase activity. Citrate synthase activity increased with the onset of temperature, but only in the group treatment without VFX. Catalase activity was also elevated with the onset of the temperature stressor, however, that was not the case for the multi-stressed group, potentially indicating a deleterious effect of VFX on the anti-oxidant defense mechanism. The results of this study highlight the importance of multiple-stressor research, as it able to further bridge the gap between field and laboratory studies, as well as have the potential of yielding surprising results that may have not been predicted using a conventional single-stressor approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Mehdi
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
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36
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Du SNN, Choi JA, McCallum ES, McLean AR, Borowiec BG, Balshine S, Scott GR. Metabolic implications of exposure to wastewater effluent in bluegill sunfish. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 224:108562. [PMID: 31254663 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2019.108562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Effluent from wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) contains a complex mixture of contaminants and is a major worldwide source of aquatic pollution. We examined the effects of exposure to treated effluent from a municipal WWTP on the metabolic physiology of bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus). We studied fish that were wild-caught or experimentally caged (28 d) downstream of the WWTP, and compared them to fish that were caught or caged at clean reference sites. Survival was reduced in fish caged at the effluent-contaminated site compared to those caged at the reference site. Resting rates of O2 consumption (MO2) were higher in fish from the contaminated site, reflecting a metabolic cost of wastewater exposure. The increases in routine MO2 did not reduce aerobic scope (difference or quotient of maximal MO2 and resting MO2), suggesting that physiological compensations accompanied the metabolic costs of wastewater exposure. Fish exposed to wastewater also had larger hearts and livers. The activity of mitochondrial enzymes (cytochrome c oxidase, citrate synthase) per liver mass was unaltered across treatments, so the increased mass of this organ increased its cumulative oxidative capacity in the fish. Wastewater exposure also reduced glycogen content per liver mass. The effects of caging itself, based on comparisons between fish that were wild-caught or caged at clean sites, were generally subtle and not statistically significant. We conclude that exposure to wastewater effluent invokes a metabolic cost that leads to compensatory physiological adjustments that partially offset the detrimental metabolic impacts of exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherry N N Du
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Jasmine A Choi
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Erin S McCallum
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Adrienne R McLean
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Brittney G Borowiec
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Sigal Balshine
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Graham R Scott
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada.
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Delahaut V, Daelemans O, Sinha AK, De Boeck G, Bervoets L. A multibiomarker approach for evaluating environmental contamination: Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) transplanted along a gradient of metal pollution. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 669:481-492. [PMID: 30884270 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Environmental monitoring and risk assessment approaches which include a more holistic view on the effects of pollutants on biota are increasingly sought by regulators and policy makers. Therefore, caged carp juveniles (Cyprinus carpio) were transplanted for 7 weeks along a known Cd and Zn pollution gradient. Metal (Cu, Cd and Zn) accumulation in gill and liver tissue and effect biomarkers (growth, condition factor (CF), hepatosomatic index (HSI), oxygen consumption, swimming capacity, Na+/K+-ATPase activity (NKA) and metallothionein (MT) levels) were compared. Up to 10-fold higher cadmium concentrations were measured in the gills of the fish at the most polluted locations compared to the laboratory control fish. Similarly, cadmium concentrations in liver tissues of field-exposed fish were significantly higher than those measured in laboratory control fish. Cu and Zn concentrations in the gills were not significantly different between field-exposed and control organisms, whereas higher levels in liver tissues were measured in carps deployed in some locations. Effects on liver MT levels were up to 10 times greater for organisms exposed to the field, whereas no clear effect of the metal exposure on NKA in the gill tissue was observed. A decrease in muscle glycogen stores was observed for all organisms deployed in the field, while liver glycogen levels decreased only in fish exposed to two of the 5 sites compared to the laboratory control fish. Additionally, significant drops in liver protein- and lipid stores were observed. No effect on oxygen consumption rates and swimming capacity was observed. The CF and HSI of caged fish reflected the pollution gradient in the river and considerable loss of weight was observed for fish transplanted in the most polluted site. Overall, this active biomonitoring study successfully revealed differences in metal accumulation, physiological and organismal endpoints as a direct consequence of field exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vyshal Delahaut
- University of Antwerp, Department of Biology, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Oceanne Daelemans
- University of Antwerp, Department of Biology, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Amit Kumar Sinha
- University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff, Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries, 1200 North University Drive, Pine Bluff, AR 71601, United States of America
| | - Gudrun De Boeck
- University of Antwerp, Department of Biology, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Lieven Bervoets
- University of Antwerp, Department of Biology, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
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38
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Cao J, Wang G, Wang T, Chen J, Wenjing G, Wu P, He X, Xie L. Copper caused reproductive endocrine disruption in zebrafish (Danio rerio). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 211:124-136. [PMID: 30965180 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Cu in surface waters has been demonstrated to affect aquatic animals at ecologically relevant concentrations. However, its effects on reproductive endocrine system and the underlying toxicological mechanisms are largely unknown. In this study, zebrafish (Danio rerio) were exposed to 0, 10, 20, 40 μg/L of Cu for 30 days. Growth, gonad histopathology, the hormone levels and the transcriptional profiles of genes in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis in both sexes were examined. The results indicated that body weight was significantly reduced, the gonadal development was affected, and the levels of E2, T and 11-KT were remarkably disturbed in Cu-exposed fish. Moreover, the expression profiles of steroidogenesis-related genes in gonad (3βhsd, 17βhsd, cyp11a1, cyp17, cyp19a, lhr, fshr, hmgra and star) and in brains (ar, cyp19b, erα, er2β, lhβ, fshβ, gnrh2, gnrh3, gnrhr1, gnrh2 and gnrh4) displayed alterations after exposure to Cu. These results demonstrated that Cu could suppress the growth of zebrafish and significantly affect the reproductive biology in both sexes by damaging the structure of the gonads, altering the steroid hormone levels and the expressions of endocrine-related genes in HPG of zebrafish. This study suggests that Cu adversely affects the reproductive endocrine system in zebrafish and could pose a potential threat to fish populations inhabiting Cu-contaminated waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinling Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Husbandry and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, China.
| | - Guodong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Husbandry and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, China; School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, Henan, 455000, China.
| | - Tianyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Husbandry and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, China.
| | - Jianjie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Husbandry and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, China.
| | - Guo Wenjing
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Husbandry and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, China.
| | - Panhong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Husbandry and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, China.
| | - Xinjin He
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Husbandry and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, China.
| | - Lingtian Xie
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Theoretical Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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Suljević D, Islamagić E, Čorbić A, Fočak M, Filipić F. Chronic cadmium exposure in Japanese quails perturbs serum biochemical parameters and enzyme activity. Drug Chem Toxicol 2019; 43:37-42. [PMID: 31111748 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2019.1614024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium is a heavy metal, toxic even in trace amounts and its biological function in the human body has not been described to date. It is assumed that cadmium manifests in dose-dependent genotoxic and cytotoxic effects on many organs and tissue types. In this study, we have analyzed the biochemical parameters in the serum of Japanese quails (Coturnix japonica) after chronic in vivo exposure to cadmium. Adult animals were exposed to cadmium in the form of CdCl2 dissolved in water (0.20 mg/L) for 20 days. Significant differences between controls and exposed animals were found in 12 out of 13 analyzed biochemical parameters. Total bilirubin concentrations did not show any significant differences between the two groups. Exposure to cadmium has resulted in a significant increase in lactate dehydrogenase activity, sodium and chloride concentration, as well as significant reductions in total proteins, albumins, globulins, glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, calcium concentration, and alkaline phosphatase activity. In this sense, chronic in vivo exposure to low doses of cadmium has induced severe changes in the levels of observed biochemical parameters and enzyme activity. Additionally, evident cytogenetic changes in the liver were also noted, where hepatocyte damage and even lack of organized nuclei, including nuclear fragmentation, clearly indicated ongoing apoptotic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damir Suljević
- Faculty of Science, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Erna Islamagić
- Faculty of Science, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Anida Čorbić
- Faculty of Science, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Muhamed Fočak
- Faculty of Science, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Filip Filipić
- Faculty of Science, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
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Anni ISA, Zebral YD, Afonso SB, Jorge MB, Moreno Abril SI, Bianchini A. Life-time exposure to waterborne copper II: Patterns of tissue accumulation and gene expression of the metal-transport proteins ctr1 and atp7b in the killifish Poecilia vivipara. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 223:257-262. [PMID: 30784733 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.02.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The involvement of transporting proteins on copper (Cu) bioaccumulation was evaluated in the killifish Poecilia vivipara chronically exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of waterborne Cu. Fish (<24 h-old) were maintained under control condition or exposed to different waterborne Cu concentrations (5, 9 and 20 μg/L) for 28 and 345 days in saltwater. Following exposure periods, Cu accumulation and the expression of genes encoding for the high affinity Cu-transporter (ctr1) and the P-type Cu-ATPase (atp7b) were evaluated. Whole-body metal accumulation and gene expression were evaluated in fish exposed to 28 days. Similarly, in fish exposed to 345 days, liver, gills and gut were also evaluated. No fish survival was observed after exposure to 20 μg/L for 345 days. Whole-body Cu accumulation was significantly higher in fish exposed to 20 μg/L Cu for 28 days and in fish exposed to 9 μg/L for 345 days in comparison to control animals. Similarly, tissue Cu accumulation was significantly higher in fish exposed to 9 μg/L for 345 days in comparison to control animal. However, no significant accumulation was observed in fish muscle. Following exposure for 28 days, whole-body ctr1 expression was slightly induced in fish exposed to 9 μg/L. In turn, no significant change in ctr1 expression was observed following exposure to Cu for 345 days. Differently, whole-body atp7b expression was markedly up-regulated in the whole-body of fish exposed Cu for 28 days and in tissues of fish exposed to Cu for 345 days. These findings indicate the expression of atp7b is more responsive to Cu accumulation in P. vivipara than ctr1 expression and, therefore, more suitable to be used as a biomarker of exposure to this metal. Also, we argue that the expression of atp7b is sustained at elevated levels for as much time as fish are maintained in Cu contaminated water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iuri Salim Abou Anni
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Avenida Itália km 8, Campus Carreiros, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Yuri Dornelles Zebral
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Avenida Itália km 8, Campus Carreiros, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Sidnei Braz Afonso
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Avenida Itália km 8, Campus Carreiros, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Marianna Basso Jorge
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Avenida Itália km 8, Campus Carreiros, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Sandra Isabel Moreno Abril
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Avenida Itália km 8, Campus Carreiros, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Adalto Bianchini
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Avenida Itália km 8, Campus Carreiros, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Avenida Itália km 8, Campus Carreiros, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.
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41
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Paul JS, Small BC. Exposure to environmentally relevant cadmium concentrations negatively impacts early life stages of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 216:43-51. [PMID: 30419361 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium is a persistent contaminant of surface waters. The effects of cadmium on early life stages of fish are not well understood, although they are often disproportionately affected by contaminants. The objectives of this study were to examine effects of chronic exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations on growth, development, cellular stress, and glucose metabolism of channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus. Eggs were wet-fertilized in treatment water at concentrations of 0.4 (control), 2.2 (low), or 8.5 (high) μg L-1 and monitored through swim-up, black fry stage. Eggs and fry accumulated cadmium dose-dependently. Fertilization rates were unaffected, yet hatch rate was significantly reduced in the high treatment. Survival to black fry and overall size and condition factor were not affected; however, differences in yolk sac size, and presumably energetics of yolk fry, was detected. Physiological pathways were also affected, demonstrated by altered gene expression, most notably in genes related to carbohydrate metabolism. Elevated expression of HK and G6PD, rather than G6P and GADPH, suggests glucose may be shunted towards the pentose-phosphate pathway. Overall, observations indicate cadmium negatively affects development in early life stages of channel catfish, which could lead to shifts in population structure and life history patterns in exposed populations of wild fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny S Paul
- Center for Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA.
| | - Brian C Small
- Aquaculture Research Institute, Department of Fish and Wildlife Sciences, University of Idaho, Hagerman, ID 83332, USA
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Flynn RW, Love CN, Coleman A, Lance SL. Variation in metal tolerance associated with population exposure history in Southern toads (Anaxyrus terrestris). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 207:163-169. [PMID: 30572176 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Human activities have radically shaped the global landscape, affecting the structure and function of ecosystems. Habitat loss is one of the most visible changes to the landscape and a primary driver of species declines; however, anthropogenic environmental contamination also threatens population persistence, but is not as readily observed. Aquatic organisms are especially susceptible to chemical perturbations, which can negatively impact survival and fitness related traits. Some populations have evolved tolerance to chemical stressors, which could mitigate the consequences associated with contamination. Amphibians are experiencing global declines due to multiple stressors and are particularly at risk to aquatic chemical stressors due to their permeable skin and reliance on wetlands for reproduction and larval development. However, amphibians also have substantial plasticity in response to environmental variation. We designed our study to examine whether tolerance to heavy metals is greater in Southern toad (Anaxyrus terrestris) larvae from wetlands with a history of contamination. Considering many of the most common trace elements elicit acute toxicity by disrupting osmotic- and ionic-regulation, we hypothesized that alterations to these aspects of physiology resulting from multigenerational exposure to trace element mixtures would be the most likely routes by which tolerance would evolve. We used copper (Cu) as a proxy for heavy metal exposure because it is a widely distributed aquatic stressor known to cause osmotic stress that can also cause mortality at levels commonly encountered in the environment. We found considerable within and among population variation in Cu tolerance, as measured by time to death. Larvae from populations living in sites contaminated with mixtures of heavy metals associated with coal fly ash were no more tolerant to Cu than those from reference sites. However, larvae from a population inhabiting a constructed wetland complex with high Cu levels were significantly more tolerant; having half the risk of mortality as reference animals. This wetland complex was created < 20 years ago, thus if elevated Cu tolerance in this population is due to selection in the aquatic habitat, such adaptation may occur rapidly (i.e. ∼10 generation). Our results provide evidence that amphibians may be able to evolve tolerance in response to trace element contamination, though such tolerance may be specific to the combination of contaminants present.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Wesley Flynn
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, Aiken, SC, United States.
| | - Cara N Love
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, Aiken, SC, United States
| | - Austin Coleman
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, Aiken, SC, United States
| | - Stacey L Lance
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, Aiken, SC, United States
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Goodchild CG, Simpson AM, Minghetti M, DuRant SE. Bioenergetics-adverse outcome pathway: Linking organismal and suborganismal energetic endpoints to adverse outcomes. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2019; 38:27-45. [PMID: 30259559 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) link toxicity across levels of biological organization, and thereby facilitate the development of suborganismal responses predictive of whole-organism toxicity and provide the mechanistic information necessary for science-based extrapolation to population-level effects. Thus far AOPs have characterized various acute and chronic toxicity pathways; however, the potential for AOPs to explicitly characterize indirect, energy-mediated effects from toxicants has yet to be fully explored. Indeed, although exposure to contaminants can alter an organism's energy budget, energetic endpoints are rarely incorporated into ecological risk assessment because there is not an integrative framework for linking energetic effects to organismal endpoints relevant to risk assessment (e.g., survival, reproduction, growth). In the present analysis, we developed a generalized bioenergetics-AOP in an effort to make better use of energetic endpoints in risk assessment, specifically exposure scenarios that generate an energetic burden to organisms. To evaluate empirical support for a bioenergetics-AOP, we analyzed published data for links between energetic endpoints across levels of biological organization. We found correlations between 1) cellular energy allocation and whole-animal growth, and 2) metabolic rate and scope for growth. Moreover, we reviewed literature linking energy availability to nontraditional toxicological endpoints (e.g., locomotor performance), and found evidence that toxicants impair aerobic performance and activity. We conclude by highlighting current knowledge gaps that should be addressed to develop specific bioenergetics-AOPs. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:27-45. © 2018 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adam M Simpson
- Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
- Penn State Erie, The Behrend College, Erie, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Sarah E DuRant
- Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
- University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
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44
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Puglis HJ, Calfee RD, Little EE. Behavioral effects of copper on larval white sturgeon. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2019; 38:132-144. [PMID: 30298941 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Early-life stage white sturgeon are sensitive to copper (Cu), with adverse behavioral responses observed during previous studies. The objectives of the present study were to quantify the effects of Cu exposure on white sturgeon swimming and feeding behaviors and determine their time to response. Larval sturgeon (1-2, 28, or 35 d posthatch [dph]) were exposed to Cu (0.5-8 μg/L) for 4 to 14 d. Abnormal behavioral changes were observed within the first few days of exposure including loss of equilibrium and immobilization. Digital video tracking software revealed decreased swimming activity with increasing Cu concentration. Significant changes in behavior and mortality occurred at concentrations of Cu between 1 and 8 μg/L. Juvenile white sturgeon, 58 dph, exposed to 12 μg/L Cu consumed 37 to 60% less food than controls after 3 d of exposure. The present results indicate that behavioral endpoints were more sensitive than some standard toxicity test endpoints and can effectively expand the sensitivity of standard toxicity tests for white sturgeon. Swimming behavior was impaired to the extent that survival in the field would likely be jeopardized. Such data would provide managers a useful metric for characterizing the risks of Cu contamination to white sturgeon. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:132-144. Published 2018 Wiley Periodicals Inc. on behalf of SETAC. This article is a US government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly J Puglis
- US Geological Survey, Columbia Environmental Research Center, Columbia, Missouri
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Robin D Calfee
- US Geological Survey, Columbia Environmental Research Center, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Edward E Little
- US Geological Survey, Columbia Environmental Research Center, Columbia, Missouri
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45
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Shekh K, Tang S, Hecker M, Niyogi S. Investigating the Role of Ionoregulatory Processes in the Species- and Life-Stage-Specific Differences in Sensitivity of Rainbow Trout and White Sturgeon to Cadmium. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:12868-12876. [PMID: 30351036 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b04828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
There are huge variations in life-stage- and species-specific sensitivities among the fishes to the exposure with metals; however, the physiological mechanisms underlying these differences are not well understood to date. This study revealed significant life-stage-specific (larval, swim-up, and juvenile) and species-specific differences between two evolutionary distant species of fishes, rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss) and white sturgeon ( Acipenser transmontanus), following acute exposures to Cd. Although the 96 h LC50 of Cd was similar in both species at the larval stage, trout demonstrated an increased sensitivity to Cd at later life stages as compared to sturgeon. Moreover, exposure to Cd disrupted calcium (Ca) uptake and whole body Ca levels in trout by a greater degree relative to that in sturgeon regardless of life stage. Finally, white sturgeon demonstrated a lower affinity for Cd uptake relative to the more sensitive rainbow trout. This infers a differential nature of the interaction between Cd and Ca transport pathways in the two species and partially explains the differences in Cd sensitivity between rainbow trout and white sturgeon described previously. Overall, our results suggest that species- and life-stage-specific differences in sensitivity to waterborne Cd in fish are likely a function of the interplay between Cd uptake and Cd-induced disruption of Ca homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamran Shekh
- Toxicology Centre , University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon , SK S7N 5B3 , Canada
| | - Song Tang
- Toxicology Centre , University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon , SK S7N 5B3 , Canada
- School of Environment and Sustainability , University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon , SK S7N 5C8 , Canada
| | - Markus Hecker
- Toxicology Centre , University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon , SK S7N 5B3 , Canada
- School of Environment and Sustainability , University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon , SK S7N 5C8 , Canada
| | - Som Niyogi
- Toxicology Centre , University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon , SK S7N 5B3 , Canada
- Department of Biology , University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon , SK S7N 5E2 , Canada
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46
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Meng XL, Li S, Qin CB, Zhu ZX, Hu WP, Yang LP, Lu RH, Li WJ, Nie GX. Intestinal microbiota and lipid metabolism responses in the common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) following copper exposure. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 160:257-264. [PMID: 29852428 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.05.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to determine the effects of waterborne copper exposure on the lipid metabolism and intestinal microbiota of juvenile common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). Common carp were exposed to four waterborne copper (Cu) concentrations (0 (control), 0.07 (low), 0.14 (medium), and 0.28 (high) mg Cu/L) for 8 weeks. Exposure to a high concentration of Cu had a negative effect on growth indices (weight gain rate (WGR) and specific growth rate (SGR)). The biochemical indices measured in serum (low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and triglycerides (TGs)) were significantly affected by exposure to medium concentration levels of Cu. The mRNA levels of lipogenic enzymes (acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC-1) and fatty acid synthase (FAS)) and sterol-regulator element-binding protein-1 (SREBP-1) in liver tissue and tight binding protein genes (ZO-1 and occludin) in intestinal epithelial tissue were significantly downregulated in the 0.14 and 0.28 mg/L Cu treatment groups, accompanied by upregulated mRNA levels of lipolysis enzymes (lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1 (CPT-1)) in the liver. The data also showed that the composition of intestinal microbiota was changed following Cu exposure and could alter the α-diversity and β-diversity. The abundances of few putative short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria, including Allobaculum, Blautia, Coprococcus, Faecalibacterium, Roseburia, and Ruminococcus, decreased significantly. More specifically, Roseburia sequences were positively associated with lipogenic enzymes, total protein (TP), and TGs and negatively associated with lipolysis enzymes. Other sequences related to probiotics (Lactobacillus, Bacillus and Akkermansia) were also found to decrease, accompanied by an increase in sequences related to pathogens (Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter). To the best of our knowledge, the present study provides the first evidence that waterborne, chronic Cu exposure can disturb the composition of intestinal microbiota related to lipid metabolism and immunity in freshwater fish, thereby increasing the risk of pathogen invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Lin Meng
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, PR China
| | - Shuai Li
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, PR China
| | - Chao-Bin Qin
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, PR China
| | - Zhen-Xiang Zhu
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, PR China
| | - Wen-Pan Hu
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, PR China
| | - Li-Ping Yang
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, PR China
| | - Rong-Hua Lu
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, PR China
| | - Wen-Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Guo-Xing Nie
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, PR China.
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47
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Pettem CM, Weber LP, Janz DM. Cardiac and Metabolic Effects of Dietary Selenomethionine Exposure in Adult Zebrafish. Toxicol Sci 2018; 159:449-460. [PMID: 28962524 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfx149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient involved in important metabolic functions for all vertebrate species. As Se is reported to have a narrow margin between essentiality and toxicity, there is growing concern surrounding the adverse effects of elevated Se exposure caused by anthropogenic activities. Recent studies have reported that elevated dietary exposure of fish to selenomethionine (Se-Met) can alter aerobic metabolic capacity, energetics and swimming performance. This study aims to further investigate mechanisms of sublethal Se-Met toxicity, particularly potential underlying cardiovascular implications of chronic exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of dietary Se-Met in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio). Adult zebrafish were fed either control food (1.1 μg Se/g dry mass [d.m.]) or Se-Met spiked food (10.3 or 28.8 μg Se/g d.m.) for 90 d at 5% body weight per day. Following exposure, ultrahigh resolution B-mode and Doppler ultrasound was used to characterize cardiac function. Chronic dietary exposure to elevated Se-Met significantly reduced ventricular contractile rate, stroke volume, and cardiac output. Exposure to Se-Met significantly decreased mRNA expression of methionine adenosyltransferase 1 alpha and glutathione-S-transferase pi class in liver, and a key cardiac remodelling enzyme, matrix metalloproteinase 2, in adult zebrafish heart. Se-Met significantly increased echodensity at the junction between atrium and ventricle, and these results combined with increased matrix metalloproteinase 2 expression are consistent with cardiac remodelling and fibrosis. The results of this study suggest that chronic exposure to dietary Se-Met can negatively impact cardiac function, and such physiological consequences could reduce the aerobic capacity and survivability of fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor M Pettem
- Toxicology Graduate Program University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B3, Canada
| | - Lynn P Weber
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4, Canada
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B3, Canada
| | - David M Janz
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4, Canada
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B3, Canada
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48
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Nawab J, Khan S, Xiaoping W. Ecological and health risk assessment of potentially toxic elements in the major rivers of Pakistan: General population vs. Fishermen. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 202:154-164. [PMID: 29567613 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.03.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Large amounts of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) have, and continue to be, released into the freshwater ecosystems of Pakistan. However, there is limited information available on the ecological risk of PTEs from sediments and fish consumption, for both the general population and fishermen, at the national scale in Pakistan. In this study, water, sediments and fish samples were collected from major rivers (Chenab, Upper Indus, Lower Indus and Kabul) across Pakistan and analyzed through Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS), Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy ICP-AES and Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry (AFS), respectively. Ecological risk analysis of sediments revealed that Cd posed a high ecological risk in the Upper Indus and Chenab, a considerable risk in the Lower Indus, and moderate risk in the Kabul. The target hazard quotient of As through fish tissue consumption exceeded safety levels for fishermen at all the rivers, where Cd exceeded at Upper Indus and Chenab, and Pb for Chenab fishermen only. For the general population, PTE ingestion through fish tissues was within the safety limits at all rivers. Meanwhile, the total target hazard quotient in all three rivers exceeded the safety limit, representing a high risk for the fishermen of Pakistan. The results show that ecological risk and target hazard quotient assessment not only provides valuable information for future research in terms of PTE contamination in the major rivers of Pakistan, but also all the metal pollutants from rivers finally reach to Arabian Sea, therefore might pose a risk to marine ecosystem at national and international scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javed Nawab
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Department of Environmental Sciences, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Sardar Khan
- Department of Environmental Sciences University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan.
| | - Wang Xiaoping
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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49
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Giacomin M, Vilarinho GC, Castro KF, Ferreira M, Duarte RM, Wood CM, Val AL. Physiological impacts and bioaccumulation of dietary Cu and Cd in a model teleost: The Amazonian tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2018; 199:30-45. [PMID: 29604500 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Increasing anthropogenic activities in the Amazon have led to elevated metals in the aquatic environment. Since fish are the main source of animal protein for the Amazonian population, understanding metal bioaccumulation patterns and physiological impacts is of critical importance. Juvenile tambaqui, a local model species, were exposed to chronic dietary Cu (essential, 500 μg Cu/g food) and Cd (non-essential, 500 μg Cd/g food). Fish were sampled at 10-14, 18-20 and 33-36 days of exposure and the following parameters were analyzed: growth, voluntary food consumption, conversion efficiency, tissue-specific metal bioaccumulation, ammonia and urea-N excretion, O2 consumption, Pcrit, hypoxia tolerance, nitrogen quotient, major blood plasma ions and metabolites, gill and gut enzyme activities, and in vitro gut fluid transport. The results indicate no ionoregulatory impacts of either of the metal-contaminated diets at gill, gut, or plasma levels, and no differences in plasma cortisol or lactate. The Cd diet appeared to have suppressed feeding, though overall tank growth was not affected. Bioaccumulation of both metals was observed. Distinct tissue-specific and time-specific patterns were seen. Metal burdens in the edible white muscle remained low. Overall, physiological impacts of the Cu diet were minimal. However dietary Cd increased hypoxia tolerance, as evidenced by decreased Pcrit, increased time to loss of equilibrium, a lack of plasma glucose elevation, decreased plasma ethanol, and decreased NQ during hypoxia. Blood O2 transport characteristics (P50, Bohr coefficient, hemoglobin, hematocrit) were unaffected, suggesting that tissue level changes in metabolism accounted for the greater hypoxia tolerance in tambaqui fed with a Cd-contaminated diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Giacomin
- Department of Zoology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada.
| | - Gisele C Vilarinho
- Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Molecular Evolution, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.
| | - Katia F Castro
- Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Molecular Evolution, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.
| | - Márcio Ferreira
- Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Molecular Evolution, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.
| | - Rafael M Duarte
- Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Molecular Evolution, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil; São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, São Vicente, SP, Brazil.
| | - Chris M Wood
- Department of Zoology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada; Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada; Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, FL 33149, USA.
| | - Adalberto L Val
- Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Molecular Evolution, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.
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50
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Moghimi M, Mahboobi-Soofiani N, Malekpouri P. Effects of water-borne copper and lead on metabolic and excretion rate of bahaii loach (Turcinoemacheilus bahaii). ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2018; 60:176-183. [PMID: 29730226 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2018.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Beyond the role of anthropogenic activities, natural sources of metal contaminations are still controversial, together counting, however, as a major threat to inland and coastal waters, becoming an even more prominent stressor for aquatic life. To address the effects of metals on the physiological response of fish, standard metabolic rate (SMR), maximum metabolic rate (MMR), aerobic scope (AS) and factorial aerobic scope (FAS) as well as specific rate of ammonia excretion (Jamm) of Turcinoemacheilus bahaii were determined following different water-borne Cu2+ and Pb2+ treatments. Following LC50-96 h determination, 72 fish (BW = 1.153 ± 0.56 g and TL = 6.155 ± 0.97 cm) were exposed to different amounts of Cu2+ and Pb2+ in 9 different treatments (eight fish/treatment), including 0.910 mg l-1 Cu2+ for 24 h, 0.455 mg l-1 Cu2+ for 7d, 0.182 mg l-1 Cu2+ for 14d and 0.091 mg l-1 Cu2+ for 30 d as well as 124.430 mg l-1 Pb2+ for 24 h, 62.215 mg l-1 Pb2+ for 7d,12.443 mg l-1 Pb2+ for 14d, 6.221 mg l-1 Pb2+ for 30d and control. The SMR of fish was reduced following exposures to all Cu2+ and Pb2+ treatments (P < 0.05), except for 30d exposure as compared with the control. The MMR remained steady following all Cu2+ treatments while it was raised significantly (P < 0.05) following Pb2+ treatments at 7, 14 and 30d exposure. Although the AS showed a similar pattern to MMR, the FAS was elevated (P < 0.05) following all the treatments when compared with control. Lower Jamm were observed following all metals-treated fish in comparison with control (P < 0.05). In addition, higher (P < 0.05) levels of injuries were observed following all Cu2+ and Pb2+ treatments in gills and kidneys. The results suggest that Cu2+ and Pb2+ over the experimental period could impair the metabolic and excretory capacities, hence affecting the possible physiological performance of fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrnaz Moghimi
- Fisheries Division, Department of Natural Resources, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 8415683111, Iran
| | - Nasrollah Mahboobi-Soofiani
- Fisheries Division, Department of Natural Resources, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 8415683111, Iran.
| | - Pedram Malekpouri
- Young Researchers and Elites Club, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
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