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Al Harake SN, Abedin Y, Hatoum F, Nassar NZ, Ali A, Nassar A, Kanaan A, Bazzi S, Azar S, Harb F, Ghadieh HE. Involvement of a battery of investigated genes in lipid droplet pathophysiology and associated comorbidities. Adipocyte 2024; 13:2403380. [PMID: 39329369 PMCID: PMC11445895 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2024.2403380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2024] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are highly specialized energy storage organelles involved in the maintenance of lipid homoeostasis by regulating lipid flux within white adipose tissue (WAT). The physiological function of adipocytes and LDs can be compromised by mutations in several genes, leading to NEFA-induced lipotoxicity, which ultimately manifests as metabolic complications, predominantly in the form of dyslipidemia, ectopic fat accumulation, and insulin resistance. In this review, we delineate the effects of mutations and deficiencies in genes - CIDEC, PPARG, BSCL2, AGPAT2, PLIN1, LIPE, LMNA, CAV1, CEACAM1, and INSR - involved in lipid droplet metabolism and their associated pathophysiological impairments, highlighting their roles in the development of lipodystrophies and metabolic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami N. Al Harake
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Balamand, Kalhat, Lebanon
| | - Yasamin Abedin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Balamand, Kalhat, Lebanon
| | - Fatema Hatoum
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Balamand, Kalhat, Lebanon
| | - Nour Zahraa Nassar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Balamand, Kalhat, Lebanon
| | - Ali Ali
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Balamand, Kalhat, Lebanon
| | - Aline Nassar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Balamand, Kalhat, Lebanon
| | - Amjad Kanaan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Balamand, Kalhat, Lebanon
| | - Samer Bazzi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Balamand, Kalhat, Lebanon
| | - Sami Azar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Balamand, Kalhat, Lebanon
| | - Frederic Harb
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Balamand, Kalhat, Lebanon
| | - Hilda E. Ghadieh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Balamand, Kalhat, Lebanon
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2
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Baya NA, Erdem IS, Venkatesh SS, Reibe S, Charles PD, Navarro-Guerrero E, Hill B, Lassen FH, Claussnitzer M, Palmer DS, Lindgren CM. Combining evidence from human genetic and functional screens to identify pathways altering obesity and fat distribution. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.09.19.24313913. [PMID: 39371160 PMCID: PMC11451655 DOI: 10.1101/2024.09.19.24313913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/08/2024]
Abstract
Overall adiposity and body fat distribution are heritable traits associated with altered risk of cardiometabolic disease and mortality. Performing rare variant (minor allele frequency<1%) association testing using exome-sequencing data from 402,375 participants in the UK Biobank (UKB) for nine overall and tissue-specific fat distribution traits, we identified 19 genes where putatively damaging rare variation associated with at least one trait (Bonferroni-adjusted P<1.58×10-7) and 52 additional genes at FDR≤1% (P≤4.37×10-5). These 71 genes exhibited higher (P=3.58×10-18) common variant prioritisation scores than genes not significantly enriched for rare putatively damaging variation, with evidence of monotonic allelic series (dose-response relationships) among ultra-rare variants (minor allele count≤10) in 22 genes. Five of the 71 genes have cognate protein UKB Olink data available; all five associated (P<3.80×10-6) with three or more analysed traits. Combining rare and common variation evidence, allelic series and proteomics, we selected 17 genes for CRISPR knockout in human white adipose tissue cell lines. In three previously uncharacterised target genes, knockout increased (two-sided t-test P<0.05) lipid accumulation, a cellular phenotype relevant for fat mass traits, compared to Cas9-empty negative controls: COL5A3 (fold change [FC]=1.72, P=0.0028), EXOC7 (FC=1.35, P=0.0096), and TRIP10 (FC=1.39, P=0.0157); furthermore, knockout of SLTM resulted in reduced lipid accumulation (FC=0.51, P=1.91×10-4). Integrating across population-based genetic and in vitro functional evidence, we highlight therapeutic avenues for altering obesity and body fat distribution by modulating lipid accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolas A Baya
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, United Kingdom
- Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, United Kingdom
| | - Ilknur Sur Erdem
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
- Chinese Academy for Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, United Kingdom
| | - Samvida S Venkatesh
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, United Kingdom
- Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, United Kingdom
| | - Saskia Reibe
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, United Kingdom
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Philip D Charles
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, United Kingdom
| | - Elena Navarro-Guerrero
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, United Kingdom
| | - Barney Hill
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, United Kingdom
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Frederik Heymann Lassen
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, United Kingdom
- Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, United Kingdom
| | - Melina Claussnitzer
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Genomic Mechanisms of Disease & Type 2 Diabetes Systems Genomics Initiative, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Center for Genomic Medicine and Endocrine Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Duncan S Palmer
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, United Kingdom
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Cecilia M Lindgren
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, United Kingdom
- Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, United Kingdom
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
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3
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Wang M, Czernik PJ, Lecka-Czernik B, Xu Y, Hill JW. IGF-1 and insulin receptors in LepRb neurons jointly regulate body growth, bone mass, reproduction, and metabolism. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.09.20.614140. [PMID: 39345425 PMCID: PMC11429997 DOI: 10.1101/2024.09.20.614140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
Leptin receptor (LepRb)-expressing neurons are known to link body growth and reproduction, but whether these functions are mediated via insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) signaling is unknown. IGF-1 and insulin can bind to each other's receptors, permitting IGF-1 signaling in the absence of IGF1R. Therefore, we created mice lacking IGF1R exclusively in LepRb neurons (IGF1RLepRb mice) and simultaneously lacking IGF1R and insulin receptor (IR) in LepRb neurons (IGF1R/IRLepRb mice) and then characterized their body growth, bone morphology, reproductive and metabolic functions. We found that IGF1R and IR in LepRb neurons were required for normal timing of pubertal onset, while IGF1R in LepRb neurons played a predominant role in regulating adult fertility and exerted protective effects against reproductive aging. Accompanying these reproductive deficits, IGF1RLepRb mice and IGF1R/IRLepRb mice had transient growth retardation. Notably, IGF1R in LepRb neurons was indispensable for normal trabecular and cortical bone mass accrual in both sexes. These findings suggest that IGF1R in LepRb neurons is involved in the interaction among body growth, bone development, and reproduction. Though only mild changes in body weight were detected, simultaneous deletion of IGF1R and IR in LepRb neurons caused dramatically increased fat mass composition, decreased lean mass composition, lower energy expenditure, and locomotor activity in both sexes. Male IGF1R/IRLepRb mice exhibited impaired insulin sensitivity. These findings suggest that IGF1R and IR in LepRb neurons jointly regulated body composition, energy balance, and glucose homeostasis. Taken together, our studies identified the sex-dependent complex roles of IGF1R and IR in LepRb neurons in regulating body growth, reproduction, and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie Wang
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, Ohio, USA
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Piotr J Czernik
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Beata Lecka-Czernik
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, Ohio, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Yong Xu
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jennifer W Hill
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, Ohio, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, Ohio, USA
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Schultz DF, Davies BA, Payne JA, Martin CP, Minard AY, Childs BG, Zhang C, Jeganathan KB, Sturmlechner I, White TA, de Bruin A, Harkema L, Chen H, Davies MA, Jachim S, LeBrasseur NK, Piper RC, Li H, Baker DJ, van Deursen J, Billadeau DD, Katzmann DJ. Loss of HD-PTP function results in lipodystrophy, defective cellular signaling and altered lipid homeostasis. J Cell Sci 2024; 137:jcs262032. [PMID: 39155850 PMCID: PMC11449442 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.262032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
His domain protein tyrosine phosphatase (HD-PTP; also known as PTPN23) facilitates function of the endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRTs) during multivesicular body (MVB) formation. To uncover its role in physiological homeostasis, embryonic lethality caused by a complete lack of HD-PTP was bypassed through generation of hypomorphic mice expressing reduced protein, resulting in animals that are viable into adulthood. These mice exhibited marked lipodystrophy and decreased receptor-mediated signaling within white adipose tissue (WAT), involving multiple prominent pathways including RAS/MAPK, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT and receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), such as EGFR. EGFR signaling was dissected in vitro to assess the nature of defective signaling, revealing decreased trans-autophosphorylation and downstream effector activation, despite normal EGF binding. This corresponds to decreased plasma membrane cholesterol and increased lysosomal cholesterol, likely resulting from defective endosomal maturation necessary for cholesterol trafficking and homeostasis. The ESCRT components Vps4 and Hrs have previously been implicated in cholesterol homeostasis; thus, these findings expand knowledge on which ESCRT subunits are involved in cholesterol homeostasis and highlight a non-canonical role for HD-PTP in signal regulation and adipose tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Destiny F Schultz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
- Immunology Graduate Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | - Brian A Davies
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | - Johanna A Payne
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | - Cole P Martin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | - Annabel Y Minard
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - Bennett G Childs
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | - Karthik B Jeganathan
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | - Ines Sturmlechner
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9713 AV, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas A White
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | - Alain de Bruin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9713 AV, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584 CL, The Netherlands
| | - Liesbeth Harkema
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584 CL, The Netherlands
| | - Huiqin Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Division of Quantitative Sciences, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Michael A Davies
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Sarah Jachim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | - Nathan K LeBrasseur
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | - Robert C Piper
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - Hu Li
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | - Darren J Baker
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | - Jan van Deursen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | | | - David J Katzmann
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
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Xiao X, Yang L, Xiao L, Li Y, Chang X, Han X, Tang W, Zhu Y. Inhibiting arachidonic acid generation mitigates aging-induced hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance in mice. Clin Nutr 2024; 43:1725-1735. [PMID: 38843581 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2024.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aging-related type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is characterized by hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, and β-cell dysfunction. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain to be unclear. METHODS We conducted non-targeted metabolomics to compare human serum samples from young adults (YA), elderly adults (EA), and elderly adults with diabetes (EA + DM) of Chinese population. Adult mice and aged mice were intragastrically administered with varespladib every day for two weeks and metabolic characteristics were monitored. Serum levels of arachidonic acid, insulin, and C-peptide, as well as serum activity of secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) were detected in mice. Mouse islet perfusion assays were used to assess insulin secretion ability. Phosphorylated AKT levels were measured to evaluate insulin sensitivities of peripheral tissues in mice. RESULTS Non-targeted metabolomics analysis of human serum samples revealed differential metabolic signatures among the YA, EA, and EA + DM groups. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis revealed significant enhancement of arachidonic acid metabolism and glycerophospholipid metabolism in the EA group compared with the YA group. Further analysis identified two metabolic fluxes that favored the accumulation of arachidonic acid in the elderly. Increased levels of arachidonic acid were also confirmed in aged mice with hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance, together with subsequent glucose intolerance. Conversely, inhibiting the generation of arachidonic acid with varespladib, an inhibitor of sPLA2, reduced aging-associated diabetes by improving hyperinsulinemia and hepatic insulin resistance in aged mice but not in adult mice. Islet perfusion assays also showed that varespladib treatment suppressed the enhanced insulin secretion observed in aged islets. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our findings uncover that arachidonic acid serves as a metabolic hub in Chinese elderly population. Our results also suggest that arachidonic acid plays a fundamental role in regulating β-cell function during aging and point to a novel therapy for aging-associated diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China; Laboratory Medicine Center, Sichuan Provincial Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Affiliated Women's and Children's Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610032, China
| | - Longxuan Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Geriatric Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210024, China
| | - Lei Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology, Geriatric Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210024, China
| | - Yating Li
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Xiaoai Chang
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Xiao Han
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Wei Tang
- Department of Endocrinology, Geriatric Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210024, China.
| | - Yunxia Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China.
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Jia Z, Jin Z, Li M, Zhang X, Peng M, Zhang S, Tan M, Yang Q, Wang W, Sun Y. E2F transcription factor 5, a new regulator in adipogenesis to mediate the role of Krüppel-like factor 7 in chicken preadipocyte differentiation and proliferation. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103728. [PMID: 38688194 PMCID: PMC11077033 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
E2F transcription factor 5 (E2F5) gene is a transcription factor, plays an important role in the development of a variety of cells. E2F5 is expressed in human and mouse adipocytes, but its specific function in adipogenesis is unclear. Krüppel-like factor 7 (KLF7) facilitates proliferation and inhibits differentiation in chicken preadipocytes. Our previous KLF7 chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing analysis revealed a KLF7-binding peak in the 3' flanking region of the E2F5, indicating a regulatory role of KLF7 in this region. In the present study, we investigated E2F5 potential role, the overexpression and knockdown analyses revealed that E2F5 inhibited the differentiation and promoted the proliferation of chicken preadipocytes. Moreover, we identified enhancer activity in the 3' flanking region (nucleotides +22661/+22900) of E2F5 and found that KLF7 overexpression increased E2F5 expression and luciferase activity in this region. Deleting the putative KLF7-binding site eliminated the promoting effect of KLF7 overexpression on E2F5 expression. Further, E2F5 reversed the KLF7-induced decrease in preadipocyte differentiation and increase in preadipocyte proliferation. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that KLF7 inhibits differentiation and promotes proliferation in preadipocytes by enhancing E2F5 transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqiu Jia
- College of Life Science and Agriculture Forestry, Qiqihar University, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resistance Gene Engineering and Protection of Biodiversity in Cold Areas, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161000, China
| | - Zhao Jin
- College of Life Science and Agriculture Forestry, Qiqihar University, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resistance Gene Engineering and Protection of Biodiversity in Cold Areas, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161000, China
| | - Meiqi Li
- College of Life Science and Agriculture Forestry, Qiqihar University, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resistance Gene Engineering and Protection of Biodiversity in Cold Areas, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161000, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- College of Life Science and Agriculture Forestry, Qiqihar University, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resistance Gene Engineering and Protection of Biodiversity in Cold Areas, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161000, China
| | - Min Peng
- College of Life Science and Agriculture Forestry, Qiqihar University, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resistance Gene Engineering and Protection of Biodiversity in Cold Areas, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161000, China
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- College of Life Science and Agriculture Forestry, Qiqihar University, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resistance Gene Engineering and Protection of Biodiversity in Cold Areas, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161000, China
| | - Ming Tan
- College of Life Science and Agriculture Forestry, Qiqihar University, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resistance Gene Engineering and Protection of Biodiversity in Cold Areas, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161000, China
| | - Qingzhu Yang
- College of Life Science and Agriculture Forestry, Qiqihar University, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resistance Gene Engineering and Protection of Biodiversity in Cold Areas, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161000, China
| | - Weiyu Wang
- College of Life Science and Agriculture Forestry, Qiqihar University, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resistance Gene Engineering and Protection of Biodiversity in Cold Areas, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161000, China
| | - Yingning Sun
- College of Life Science and Agriculture Forestry, Qiqihar University, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resistance Gene Engineering and Protection of Biodiversity in Cold Areas, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161000, China.
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7
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Gan HW, Cerbone M, Dattani MT. Appetite- and Weight-Regulating Neuroendocrine Circuitry in Hypothalamic Obesity. Endocr Rev 2024; 45:309-342. [PMID: 38019584 PMCID: PMC11074800 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnad033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Since hypothalamic obesity (HyOb) was first described over 120 years ago by Joseph Babinski and Alfred Fröhlich, advances in molecular genetic laboratory techniques have allowed us to elucidate various components of the intricate neurocircuitry governing appetite and weight regulation connecting the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, brainstem, adipose tissue, pancreas, and gastrointestinal tract. On a background of an increasing prevalence of population-level common obesity, the number of survivors of congenital (eg, septo-optic dysplasia, Prader-Willi syndrome) and acquired (eg, central nervous system tumors) hypothalamic disorders is increasing, thanks to earlier diagnosis and management as well as better oncological therapies. Although to date the discovery of several appetite-regulating peptides has led to the development of a range of targeted molecular therapies for monogenic obesity syndromes, outside of these disorders these discoveries have not translated into the development of efficacious treatments for other forms of HyOb. This review aims to summarize our current understanding of the neuroendocrine physiology of appetite and weight regulation, and explore our current understanding of the pathophysiology of HyOb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoong-Wei Gan
- Department of Endocrinology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, Great Ormond Street, London WC1N 3JH, UK
- Genetics & Genomic Medicine Research & Teaching Department, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute for Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Manuela Cerbone
- Department of Endocrinology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, Great Ormond Street, London WC1N 3JH, UK
- Genetics & Genomic Medicine Research & Teaching Department, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute for Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Mehul Tulsidas Dattani
- Department of Endocrinology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, Great Ormond Street, London WC1N 3JH, UK
- Genetics & Genomic Medicine Research & Teaching Department, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute for Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
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8
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Schwartz L, Salamon K, Simoni A, Eichler T, Jackson AR, Murtha M, Becknell B, Kauffman A, Linn-Peirano S, Holdsworth N, Tyagi V, Tang H, Rust S, Cortado H, Zabbarova I, Kanai A, Spencer JD. Insulin receptor signaling engages bladder urothelial defenses that limit urinary tract infection. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114007. [PMID: 38517889 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) commonly afflict people with diabetes. To better understand the mechanisms that predispose diabetics to UTIs, we employ diabetic mouse models and altered insulin signaling to show that insulin receptor (IR) shapes UTI defenses. Our findings are validated in human biosamples. We report that diabetic mice have suppressed IR expression and are more susceptible to UTIs caused by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC). Systemic IR inhibition increases UPEC susceptibility, while IR activation reduces UTIs. Localized IR deletion in bladder urothelium promotes UTI by increasing barrier permeability and suppressing antimicrobial peptides. Mechanistically, IR deletion reduces nuclear factor κB (NF-κB)-dependent programming that co-regulates urothelial tight junction integrity and antimicrobial peptides. Exfoliated urothelial cells or urine samples from diabetic youths show suppressed expression of IR, barrier genes, and antimicrobial peptides. These observations demonstrate that urothelial insulin signaling has a role in UTI prevention and link IR to urothelial barrier maintenance and antimicrobial peptide expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Schwartz
- The Kidney and Urinary Tract Center, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's, Columbus, OH 43205, USA; Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Nationwide Children's, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Kristin Salamon
- The Kidney and Urinary Tract Center, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Aaron Simoni
- The Kidney and Urinary Tract Center, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Tad Eichler
- The Kidney and Urinary Tract Center, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Ashley R Jackson
- The Kidney and Urinary Tract Center, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's, Columbus, OH 43205, USA; Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Nationwide Children's, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Matthew Murtha
- The Kidney and Urinary Tract Center, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Brian Becknell
- The Kidney and Urinary Tract Center, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's, Columbus, OH 43205, USA; Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Nationwide Children's, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Andrew Kauffman
- The Kidney and Urinary Tract Center, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's, Columbus, OH 43205, USA; Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
| | - Sarah Linn-Peirano
- The Kidney and Urinary Tract Center, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's, Columbus, OH 43205, USA; Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Natalie Holdsworth
- The Kidney and Urinary Tract Center, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's, Columbus, OH 43205, USA; Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - Vidhi Tyagi
- The Kidney and Urinary Tract Center, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Hancong Tang
- The Kidney and Urinary Tract Center, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Steve Rust
- The Kidney and Urinary Tract Center, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Hanna Cortado
- The Kidney and Urinary Tract Center, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Irina Zabbarova
- Department of Medicine, Renal-Electrolyte Division, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Anthony Kanai
- Department of Medicine, Renal-Electrolyte Division, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - John David Spencer
- The Kidney and Urinary Tract Center, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's, Columbus, OH 43205, USA; Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Nationwide Children's, Columbus, OH 43205, USA.
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9
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Frassetto LA, Masharani U. Effects of Alterations in Acid-Base Effects on Insulin Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2739. [PMID: 38473990 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Insulin tightly regulates glucose levels within a narrow range through its action on muscle, adipose tissue and the liver. The activation of insulin receptors activates multiple intracellular pathways with different functions. Another tightly regulated complex system in the body is acid-base balance. Metabolic acidosis, defined as a blood pH < 7.35 and serum bicarbonate < 22 mmol/L, has clear pathophysiologic consequences including an effect on insulin action. With the ongoing intake of typical acid-producing Western diets and the age-related decline in renal function, there is an increase in acid levels within the range considered to be normal. This modest increase in acidosis is referred to as "acid stress" and it may have some pathophysiological consequences. In this article, we discuss the effects of acid stress on insulin actions in different tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynda A Frassetto
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Umesh Masharani
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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10
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Yu HY, Kim KK, Baek SH, Park CI, Jeon HJ, Song AR, Park HJ, Park IB, Kang JS, Kim JM, Kim TW, Jang SM, Cha JY, Kim J. Effect of YC-1102 on the Improvement of Obesity in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:1437-1450. [PMID: 38392211 PMCID: PMC10887656 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46020093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is one of the major risk factors for metabolic diseases worldwide. This study examined the effects of YC-1102, an extract derived from the roots of Rosa multiflora, on 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. In vivo experiments involved the oral administration of YC-1102 (100, 150, and 200 mg/kg body weight) daily to mice for eight weeks. YC-1102 was found to downregulate the expressions of PPARγ and C/EBPα during adipogenesis, inhibiting adipocyte differentiation and upregulating the expression of PGC-1α for energy metabolism to enhance mitochondrial biogenesis and fatty acid oxidation. It has been shown that daily administration of YC-1102 to mice receiving a HFD prevented an increase in body weight and the accumulation of body fat. YC-1102 administration also reduced TG, TC, and LDL cholesterol levels, as well as glucose and leptin levels, and increased adiponectin levels, thus effectively inhibiting the metabolism of lipids. YC-1102-treated mice showed significant reductions in the mRNA expression of PPARγ and C/EBPα. The levels of PGC-1α involved in energy metabolism increased significantly in the YC-1102-treated mice when compared to the HFD-treated mice. According to the findings of this study, YC-1102 has a dual mechanism that reduces transcription factors that promote the differentiation of adipocytes and increases transcription factors that promote energy consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwa-Young Yu
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Kon Kim
- Newgen Healthcare Co., Ltd., 56 Soyanggang-ro, Chuncheon-si 24232, Republic of Korea
| | - Sin Hwa Baek
- Yuhan Care Co., Ltd., Yuhan Care R&D Center, Yongin-si 17084, Republic of Korea
- Yuhan Care Co., Ltd., Yuhan Natural Product R&D Center, Andong-si 36618, Republic of Korea
| | - Cho I Park
- Yuhan Care Co., Ltd., Yuhan Care R&D Center, Yongin-si 17084, Republic of Korea
- Yuhan Care Co., Ltd., Yuhan Natural Product R&D Center, Andong-si 36618, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jin Jeon
- Yuhan Care Co., Ltd., Yuhan Care R&D Center, Yongin-si 17084, Republic of Korea
- Yuhan Care Co., Ltd., Yuhan Natural Product R&D Center, Andong-si 36618, Republic of Korea
| | - Ae Ri Song
- Yuhan Care Co., Ltd., Yuhan Care R&D Center, Yongin-si 17084, Republic of Korea
- Yuhan Care Co., Ltd., Yuhan Natural Product R&D Center, Andong-si 36618, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Je Park
- Yuhan Care Co., Ltd., Yuhan Care R&D Center, Yongin-si 17084, Republic of Korea
- Yuhan Care Co., Ltd., Yuhan Natural Product R&D Center, Andong-si 36618, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Bum Park
- Yuhan Care Co., Ltd., Yuhan Care R&D Center, Yongin-si 17084, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Soo Kang
- Yuhan Care Co., Ltd., Seoul 07335, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Min Kim
- Newgen Healthcare Co., Ltd., 56 Soyanggang-ro, Chuncheon-si 24232, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Woo Kim
- Newgen Healthcare Co., Ltd., 56 Soyanggang-ro, Chuncheon-si 24232, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Min Jang
- Newgen Healthcare Co., Ltd., 56 Soyanggang-ro, Chuncheon-si 24232, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Young Cha
- Yuhan Care Co., Ltd., Yuhan Care R&D Center, Yongin-si 17084, Republic of Korea
- Yuhan Care Co., Ltd., Yuhan Natural Product R&D Center, Andong-si 36618, Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Junghyun Kim
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea
- Non-Clinical Evaluation Center Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 57907, Republic of Korea
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11
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Engin A. Adiponectin Resistance in Obesity: Adiponectin Leptin/Insulin Interaction. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1460:431-462. [PMID: 39287861 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-63657-8_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
The adiponectin (APN) levels in obesity are negatively correlated with chronic subclinical inflammation markers. The hypertrophic adipocytes cause obesity-linked insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. Furthermore, macrophage polarization is a key determinant regulating adiponectin receptor (AdipoR1/R2) expression and differential adiponectin-mediated macrophage inflammatory responses in obese individuals. In addition to decrease in adiponectin concentrations, the decline in AdipoR1/R2 messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression leads to a decrement in adiponectin binding to cell membrane, and this turns into attenuation in the adiponectin effects. This is defined as APN resistance, and it is linked with insulin resistance in high-fat diet-fed subjects. The insulin-resistant group has a significantly higher leptin-to-APN ratio. The leptin-to-APN ratio is more than twofold higher in obese individuals. An increase in expression of AdipoRs restores insulin sensitivity and β-oxidation of fatty acids via triggering intracellular signal cascades. The ratio of high molecular weight to total APN is defined as the APN sensitivity index (ASI). This index is correlated to insulin sensitivity. Homeostasis model of assessment (HOMA)-APN and HOMA-estimated insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) are the most suitable methods to estimate the metabolic risk in metabolic syndrome. While morbidly obese patients display a significantly higher plasma leptin and soluble (s)E-selectin concentrations, leptin-to-APN ratio, there is a significant negative correlation between leptin-to-APN ratio and sP-selectin in obese patients. When comparing the metabolic dysregulated obese group with the metabolically healthy obese group, postprandial triglyceride clearance, insulin resistance, and leptin resistance are significantly delayed following the oral fat tolerance test in the first group. A neuropeptide, Spexin (SPX), is positively correlated with the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) and APN. APN resistance together with insulin resistance forms a vicious cycle. Despite normal or high APN levels, an impaired post-receptor signaling due to adaptor protein-containing pleckstrin homology domain, phosphotyrosine-binding domain, and leucine zipper motif 1 (APPL1)/APPL2 may alter APN efficiency and activity. However, APPL2 blocks adiponectin signaling through AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 because of the competitive inhibition of APPL1. APPL1, the intracellular binding partner of AdipoRs, is also an important mediator of adiponectin-dependent insulin sensitization. The elevated adiponectin levels with adiponectin resistance are compensatory responses in the condition of an unusual discordance between insulin resistance and APN unresponsiveness. Hypothalamic recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV)-leptin (Lep) gene therapy reduces serum APN levels, and it is a more efficient strategy for long-term weight maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atilla Engin
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of General Surgery, Gazi University, Besevler, Ankara, Turkey.
- Mustafa Kemal Mah. 2137. Sok. 8/14, 06520, Cankaya, Ankara, Turkey.
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12
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Helal MM, Sakr OG, Sadik MW, Radwan MA, Khattab MS, El-Manylawi MA. Performance and nutrigenomics modulations in response to the inclusion of biologically treated date-palm mulch and enzyme mixture in the diets of growing rabbits. Anim Biotechnol 2023; 34:4219-4235. [PMID: 36332181 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2022.2140055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of Allzyme addition on biologically-treated date-palm mulch (DPM) based diets for growing rabbits. DPM was treated by Trichoderma viride, Trichoderma reesi 230, Plorotus oysterous, and Phanaerochyte chrysosporium. Eighty rabbits were assigned to four groups: a control group, tDPM (10% tDPM inclusion of total diet), Allzyme (Allzyme supplementation), and tDPM + Allzyme (tDPM and Allzyme supplementation). The biological treatment resulted in a significant increase in crude protein and reductions in crude fiber. There was an interaction between tDPM and Allzyme at 9- and 10-week BW. The negative effects of tDPM on BW started at 8-week of age. The tDPM had unfavorable effects on slaughter and meat quality traits. The tDPM-by-Allzyme interaction affected total protein and globulin concentrations. However, blood glucose concentration was influenced by both tDPM and Allzyme. A significant tDPM effect was detected on the expression of INSR, GHSR, and IGF1 genes. However, the Allzyme effect was significant for PPARg and FASN genes. In conclusion, feeding tDPM negatively impacted rabbit's performance, however, Allzyme supplementation alleviated some of those effects. Accordingly, tDPM is recommended to be included in the diets of growing rabbits along with Allzyme supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa M Helal
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Osama G Sakr
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud W Sadik
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, Misr University of Science of Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Radwan
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Marwa S Khattab
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A El-Manylawi
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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13
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Kondo H, Ono H, Hamano H, Sone-Asano K, Ohno T, Takeda K, Ochiai H, Matsumoto A, Takasaki A, Hiraga C, Kumagai J, Maezawa Y, Yokote K. Insulin Sensitivity Initially Worsens but Later Improves With Aging in Male C57BL/6N Mice. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2023; 78:1785-1792. [PMID: 37205871 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glad126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is believed to induce insulin resistance in humans. However, when and how insulin sensitivity changes with aging remains unclear in both humans and mice. In this study, groups of male C57BL/6N mice at 9-19 weeks (young), 34-67 weeks (mature adult), 84-85 weeks (presenile), and 107-121 weeks of age underwent hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp studies with somatostatin infusion under awake and nonrestrained conditions. The glucose infusion rates for maintaining euglycemia were 18.4 ± 2.9, 5.9 ± 1.3, 20.3 ± 7.2, and 25.3 ± 4.4 mg/kg/min in young, mature adult, presenile, and aged mice, respectively. Thus, compared with young mice, mature adult mice exhibited the expected insulin resistance. In contrast, presenile and aged mice showed significantly higher insulin sensitivity than mature adult mice. These age-related changes were mainly observed in glucose uptake into adipose tissue and skeletal muscle (rates of glucose disappearance were 24.3 ± 2.0, 17.1 ± 1.0, 25.5 ± 5.2, and 31.8 ± 2.9 mg/kg/min in young, mature adult, presenile, and aged mice, respectively). Epididymal fat weight and hepatic triglyceride levels were higher in mature adult mice than those in young and aged mice. Our observations indicate that, in male C57BL/6N mice, insulin resistance appears at the mature adult stage of life but subsequently improves markedly. These alterations in insulin sensitivity are attributable to changes in visceral fat accumulations and age-related factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroya Kondo
- School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiraku Ono
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology, and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiiro Hamano
- School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kanako Sone-Asano
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology, and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Ohno
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology, and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kenji Takeda
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology, and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Ochiai
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology, and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ai Matsumoto
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology, and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Atsushi Takasaki
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology, and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Chihiro Hiraga
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology, and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Jin Kumagai
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology, and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Maezawa
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology, and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Koutaro Yokote
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology, and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
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14
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Kitamoto T, Accili D. Unraveling the mysteries of hepatic insulin signaling: deconvoluting the nuclear targets of insulin. Endocr J 2023; 70:851-866. [PMID: 37245960 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej23-0150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Over 100 years have passed since insulin was first administered to a diabetic patient. Since then great strides have been made in diabetes research. It has determined where insulin is secreted from, which organs it acts on, how it is transferred into the cell and is delivered to the nucleus, how it orchestrates the expression pattern of the genes, and how it works with each organ to maintain systemic metabolism. Any breakdown in this system leads to diabetes. Thanks to the numerous researchers who have dedicated their lives to cure diabetes, we now know that there are three major organs where insulin acts to maintain glucose/lipid metabolism: the liver, muscles, and fat. The failure of insulin action on these organs, such as insulin resistance, result in hyperglycemia and/or dyslipidemia. The primary trigger of this condition and its association among these tissues still remain to be uncovered. Among the major organs, the liver finely tunes the glucose/lipid metabolism to maintain metabolic flexibility, and plays a crucial role in glucose/lipid abnormality due to insulin resistance. Insulin resistance disrupts this tuning, and selective insulin resistance arises. The glucose metabolism loses its sensitivity to insulin, while the lipid metabolism maintains it. The clarification of its mechanism is warranted to reverse the metabolic abnormalities due to insulin resistance. This review will provide a brief historical review for the progress of the pathophysiology of diabetes since the discovery of insulin, followed by a review of the current research clarifying our understanding of selective insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Kitamoto
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Domenico Accili
- Department of Medicine and Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, NY 10032 USA
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15
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Abstract
In this review, we provide a brief synopsis of the connections between adipose tissue and metabolic health and highlight some recent developments in understanding and exploiting adipocyte biology. Adipose tissue plays critical roles in the regulation of systemic glucose and lipid metabolism and secretes bioactive molecules possessing endocrine, paracrine, and autocrine functions. Dysfunctional adipose tissue has a detrimental impact on metabolic health and is intimately involved in key aspects of metabolic diseases such as insulin resistance, lipid overload, inflammation, and organelle stress. Differences in the distribution of fat depots and adipose characteristics relate to divergent degrees of metabolic dysfunction found in metabolically healthy and unhealthy obese individuals. Thermogenic adipocytes increase energy expenditure via mitochondrial uncoupling or adenosine triphosphate-consuming futile substrate cycles, while functioning as a metabolic sink and participating in crosstalk with other metabolic organs. Manipulation of adipose tissue provides a wealth of opportunities to intervene and combat the progression of associated metabolic diseases. We discuss current treatment modalities for obesity including incretin hormone analogs and touch upon emerging strategies with therapeutic potential including exosome-based therapy, pharmacological activation of brown and beige adipocyte thermogenesis, and administration or inhibition of adipocyte-derived factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Min An
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Seung-Hee Cho
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
| | - John C. Yoon
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
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16
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Abstract
Together, loss- and gain-of-function experiments have identified the bone-derived secreted molecule osteocalcin as a hormone with a broad reach in rodents and primates. Following its binding to one of three receptors, osteocalcin exerts a profound influence on various aspects of energy metabolism as well as steroidogenesis, neurotransmitter biosynthesis and thereby male fertility, electrolyte homeostasis, cognition, the acute stress response, and exercise capacity. Although this review focuses mostly on the regulation of energy metabolism by osteocalcin, it also touches on its other functions. Lastly, it proposes what could be a common theme between the functions of osteocalcin and between these functions and the structural functions of bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Karsenty
- Departments of Genetics and Development, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA;
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17
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Yuan Y, Shi Z, Xiong S, Hu R, Song Q, Song Z, Ong SG, Jiang Y. Differential roles of insulin receptor in adipocyte progenitor cells in mice. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2023; 573:111968. [PMID: 37244600 PMCID: PMC10846871 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2023.111968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The development of white adipose tissue (WAT) occurs during distinct embryonic and postnatal stages, and it is subsequently maintained throughout life. However, the specific mediators and mechanisms responsible for WAT development during different phases remain unclear. In this study, we investigate the role of the insulin receptor (IR) in regulating adipogenesis and adipocyte function within adipocyte progenitor cells (APCs) during WAT development and homeostasis. We use two in vivo adipose lineage tracking and deletion systems to delete IR either in embryonic APCs or adult APCs, respectively, to explore the specific requirements of IR during WAT development and WAT homeostasis in mice. Our data suggest that IR expression in APCs may not be essential for adult adipocyte differentiation but appears to be crucial for adipose tissue development. We reveal a surprising divergent role of IR in APCs during WAT development and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yexian Yuan
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Zuoxiao Shi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Shaolei Xiong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Ruoci Hu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Qing Song
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Zhenyuan Song
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Sang-Ging Ong
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Illinois, 60612, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Illinois, 60612, USA
| | - Yuwei Jiang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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18
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Emont MP, Rosen ED. Exploring the heterogeneity of white adipose tissue in mouse and man. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2023; 80:102045. [PMID: 37094486 PMCID: PMC10330284 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2023.102045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue is a heterogeneous organ, comprising cell types, including mature adipocytes, progenitor cells, immune cells, and vascular cells. Here, we discuss the heterogeneity of human and mouse white adipose tissue in general and white adipocytes specifically, focusing on how our understanding of adipocyte subpopulations has expanded with the advent of single nuclear RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomics. Furthermore, we discuss critical remaining questions regarding how these distinct populations arise, how their functions differ from one another, and which potentially contribute to metabolic pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margo P Emont
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, USA; Harvard Medical School, USA; Broad Institute, USA
| | - Evan D Rosen
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, USA; Harvard Medical School, USA; Broad Institute, USA.
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19
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Metz M, O'Hare J, Cheng B, Puchowicz M, Buettner C, Scherer T. Brain insulin signaling suppresses lipolysis in the absence of peripheral insulin receptors and requires the MAPK pathway. Mol Metab 2023; 73:101723. [PMID: 37100238 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Insulin's ability to counterbalance catecholamine-induced lipolysis defines insulin action in adipose tissue. Insulin suppresses lipolysis directly at the level of the adipocyte and indirectly through signaling in the brain. Here, we further characterized the role of brain insulin signaling in regulating lipolysis and defined the intracellular insulin signaling pathway required for brain insulin to suppress lipolysis. METHODS We used hyperinsulinemic clamp studies coupled with tracer dilution techniques to assess insulin's ability to suppress lipolysis in two different mouse models with inducible insulin receptor depletion in all tissues (IRΔWB) or restricted to peripheral tissues excluding the brain (IRΔPER). To identify the underlying signaling pathway required for brain insulin to inhibit lipolysis, we continuously infused insulin +/- a PI3K or MAPK inhibitor into the mediobasal hypothalamus of male Sprague Dawley rats and assessed lipolysis during clamps. RESULTS Genetic insulin receptor deletion induced marked hyperglycemia and insulin resistance in both IRΔPER and IRΔWB mice. However, the ability of insulin to suppress lipolysis was largely preserved in IRΔPER, but completely obliterated in IRΔWB mice indicating that insulin is still able to suppress lipolysis as long as brain insulin receptors are present. Blocking the MAPK, but not the PI3K pathway impaired the inhibition of lipolysis by brain insulin signaling. CONCLUSION Brain insulin is required for insulin to suppress adipose tissue lipolysis and depends on intact hypothalamic MAPK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthäus Metz
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090 Austria
| | - James O'Hare
- Department of Medicine, Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029 USA
| | - Bob Cheng
- Department of Medicine, Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029 USA
| | - Michelle Puchowicz
- Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106 USA
| | - Christoph Buettner
- Department of Medicine, Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029 USA; Department of Medicine, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901 USA.
| | - Thomas Scherer
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090 Austria; Department of Medicine, Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029 USA.
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20
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Imi Y, Ogawa W, Hosooka T. Insulin resistance in adipose tissue and metabolic diseases. Diabetol Int 2023; 14:119-124. [PMID: 37090134 PMCID: PMC10113413 DOI: 10.1007/s13340-022-00616-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue regulates systemic energy metabolism through adipokine production as well as energy storage and energy supply to other organs in response to changes in energy status. Adipose tissue dysfunction is therefore thought to be a key contributor to the pathogenesis of a variety of metabolic disorders including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Given that insulin plays a central role in the regulation of many aspects of adipocyte function, insulin resistance in adipose tissue is implicated in the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders as a cause of adipose tissue dysfunction. The concept of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) has recently been proposed for liver disease associated with metabolic disorders in both obese and nonobese individuals, with insulin resistance in adipose tissue likely being an important factor in its pathogenesis. This review outlines the relation between insulin resistance in adipose tissue and metabolic disorders, with a focus on the physiological relevance and mechanism of action of 3'-phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1 (PDK1), a key kinase in insulin signaling, and its downstream transcription factor FoxO1 in adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Imi
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences/Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-Ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526 Japan
| | - Wataru Ogawa
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-Cho, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, 650-0017 Japan
| | - Tetsuya Hosooka
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences/Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-Ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526 Japan
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-Cho, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, 650-0017 Japan
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21
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Gunasekar SK, Heebink J, Carpenter DH, Kumar A, Xie L, Zhang H, Schilling JD, Sah R. Adipose-targeted SWELL1 deletion exacerbates obesity- and age-related nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e154940. [PMID: 36749637 PMCID: PMC10077479 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.154940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Healthy expansion of adipose tissue is critical for the maintenance of metabolic health, providing an optimized reservoir for energy storage in the form of triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins. Dysfunctional adipocytes that are unable to efficiently store lipid can result in lipodystrophy and contribute to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and metabolic syndrome. Leucine-rich repeat containing protein 8a/SWELL1 functionally encodes the volume-regulated anion channel complex in adipocytes, is induced in early obesity, and is required for normal adipocyte expansion during high-fat feeding. Adipose-specific SWELL1 ablation (Adipo KO) leads to insulin resistance and hyperglycemia during caloric excess, both of which are associated with NAFLD. Here, we show that Adipo-KO mice exhibited impaired adipose depot expansion and excess lipolysis when raised on a variety of high-fat diets, resulting in increased diacylglycerides and hepatic steatosis, thereby driving liver injury. Liver lipidomic analysis revealed increases in oleic acid-containing hepatic triacylglycerides and injurious hepatic diacylglyceride species, with reductions in hepatocyte-protective phospholipids and antiinflammatory free fatty acids. Aged Adipo-KO mice developed hepatic steatosis on a regular chow diet, and Adipo-KO male mice developed spontaneous, aggressive hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs). These data highlight the importance of adipocyte SWELL1 for healthy adipocyte expansion to protect against NAFLD and HCC in the setting of overnutrition and with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susheel K. Gunasekar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - John Heebink
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Danielle H. Carpenter
- Department of Pathology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Ashutosh Kumar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Litao Xie
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Haixia Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Joel D. Schilling
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Rajan Sah
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- John Cochran VA Medical Center, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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22
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Baghdadi M, Nespital T, Mesaros A, Buschbaum S, Withers DJ, Grönke S, Partridge L. Reduced insulin signaling in neurons induces sex-specific health benefits. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eade8137. [PMID: 36812323 PMCID: PMC9946356 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade8137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Reduced activity of insulin/insulin-like growth factor signaling (IIS) extends health and life span in mammals. Loss of the insulin receptor substrate 1 (Irs1) gene increases survival in mice and causes tissue-specific changes in gene expression. However, the tissues underlying IIS-mediated longevity are currently unknown. Here, we measured survival and health span in mice lacking IRS1 specifically in liver, muscle, fat, and brain. Tissue-specific loss of IRS1 did not increase survival, suggesting that lack of IRS1 in more than one tissue is required for life-span extension. Loss of IRS1 in liver, muscle, and fat did not improve health. In contrast, loss of neuronal IRS1 increased energy expenditure, locomotion, and insulin sensitivity, specifically in old males. Neuronal loss of IRS1 also caused male-specific mitochondrial dysfunction, activation of Atf4, and metabolic adaptations consistent with an activated integrated stress response at old age. Thus, we identified a male-specific brain signature of aging in response to reduced IIS associated with improved health at old age.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tobias Nespital
- Max-Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Andrea Mesaros
- Max-Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Dominic J. Withers
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Medical Research Council London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, UK
| | | | - Linda Partridge
- Max-Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
- Institute of Healthy Ageing and Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK
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23
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Lee H, Lee JH, Kim D, Hwang D, Lee M, Chung H, Kim TJ, Kim HS. Micro-Current Stimulation Can Modulate the Adipogenesis Process by Regulating the Insulin Signaling Pathway in 3T3-L1 Cells and ob/ ob Mice. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:404. [PMID: 36836760 PMCID: PMC9958996 DOI: 10.3390/life13020404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a disease in which fat is abnormally or excessively accumulated in the body, and many studies have been conducted to overcome it with various techniques. In this study, we evaluated whether micro-current stimulation (MCS) can be applied to prevent obesity by regulating the adipogenesis through 3T3-L1 cells and ob/ob mice. To specify the intensity of MCS, Oil Red O staining was conducted with various intensities of MCS. Based on these, subsequent experiments used 200 and 400 μA for the intensity of MCS. The expressions of insulin signaling pathway-related proteins, including phosphorylation of IGF-1 and IR, were decreased in all MCS groups, and in turn, downstream signals such as Akt and ERK were decreased. In addition, MCS reduced the nucleus translocation of PPAR-γ and decreased the protein expression of C/EBP-α. In the ob/ob mouse model, MCS reduced body weight gain and abdominal adipose tissue volume. In particular, the concentration of triglycerides in serum was also decreased. Taken together, our findings showed that MCS inhibited lipid accumulation by regulating insulin signaling in 3T3-L1, and it was effective at reducing body weight and adipose tissue volume in ob/ob mice. These suggest that MCS may be a useful treatment approach for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Ho Lee
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Doyong Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghyun Hwang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjoo Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Halim Chung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Tack-Joong Kim
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Sung Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea
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24
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Zhang X, Luo S, Wang M, Cao Q, Zhang Z, Huang Q, Li J, Deng Z, Liu T, Liu CL, Meppen M, Vromman A, Flavell RA, Hotamışlıgil GS, Liu J, Libby P, Liu Z, Shi GP. Differential IL18 signaling via IL18 receptor and Na-Cl co-transporter discriminating thermogenesis and glucose metabolism regulation. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7582. [PMID: 36482059 PMCID: PMC9732325 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35256-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
White adipose tissue (WAT) plays a role in storing energy, while brown adipose tissue (BAT) is instrumental in the re-distribution of stored energy when dietary sources are unavailable. Interleukin-18 (IL18) is a cytokine playing a role in T-cell polarization, but also for regulating energy homeostasis via the dimeric IL18 receptor (IL18r) and Na-Cl co-transporter (NCC) on adipocytes. Here we show that IL18 signaling in metabolism is regulated at the level of receptor utilization, with preferential role for NCC in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and dominantly via IL18r in WAT. In Il18r-/-Ncc-/- mice, high-fat diet (HFD) causes more prominent body weight gain and insulin resistance than in wild-type mice. The WAT insulin resistance phenotype of the double-knockout mice is recapitulated in HFD-fed Il18r-/- mice, whereas decreased thermogenesis in BAT upon HFD is dependent on NCC deletion. BAT-selective depletion of either NCC or IL18 reduces thermogenesis and increases BAT and WAT inflammation. IL18r deletion in WAT reduces insulin signaling and increases WAT inflammation. In summary, our study contributes to the mechanistic understanding of IL18 regulation of energy metabolism and shows clearly discernible roles for its two receptors in brown and white adipose tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Zhang
- grid.256896.60000 0001 0395 8562School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009 China ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Songyuan Luo
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA ,grid.413405.70000 0004 1808 0686Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000 China
| | - Minjie Wang
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Qiongqiong Cao
- grid.256896.60000 0001 0395 8562School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009 China
| | - Zhixin Zhang
- grid.256896.60000 0001 0395 8562School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009 China
| | - Qin Huang
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Jie Li
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Zhiyong Deng
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Tianxiao Liu
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Cong-Lin Liu
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA ,grid.207374.50000 0001 2189 3846Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Henan Province Research Center For Kidney Disease, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052 China
| | - Mathilde Meppen
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Amelie Vromman
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Richard A. Flavell
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
| | - Gökhan S. Hotamışlıgil
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Jian Liu
- grid.256896.60000 0001 0395 8562School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009 China
| | - Peter Libby
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Zhangsuo Liu
- grid.207374.50000 0001 2189 3846Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Henan Province Research Center For Kidney Disease, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052 China
| | - Guo-Ping Shi
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA
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25
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Aflatounian A, Paris VR, Richani D, Edwards MC, Cochran BJ, Ledger WL, Gilchrist RB, Bertoldo MJ, Wu LE, Walters KA. Declining muscle NAD + in a hyperandrogenism PCOS mouse model: Possible role in metabolic dysregulation. Mol Metab 2022; 65:101583. [PMID: 36096453 PMCID: PMC9490589 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder, defined by reproductive and endocrine abnormalities, with metabolic dysregulation including obesity, insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis. Recently, it was found that skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity could be improved in obese, post-menopausal, pre-diabetic women through treatment with nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), a precursor to the prominent redox cofactor nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). Given that PCOS patients have a similar endocrine profile to these patients, we hypothesised that declining NAD levels in muscle might play a role in the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome associated with PCOS, and that this could be normalized through NMN treatment. Here, we tested the impact of NMN treatment on the metabolic syndrome of the dihydrotestosterone (DHT) induced mouse model of PCOS. We observed lower NAD levels in the muscle of PCOS mice, which was normalized by NMN treatment. PCOS mice were hyperinsulinaemic, resulting in increased adiposity and hepatic lipid deposition. Strikingly, NMN treatment completely normalized these aspects of metabolic dysfunction. We propose that addressing the decline in skeletal muscle NAD levels associated with PCOS can normalize insulin sensitivity, preventing compensatory hyperinsulinaemia, which drives obesity and hepatic lipid deposition, though we cannot discount an impact of NMN on other tissues to mediate these effects. These findings support further investigation into NMN treatment as a new therapy for normalizing the aberrant metabolic features of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Aflatounian
- Fertility and Research Centre, School of Women's & Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Valentina Rodriguez Paris
- Fertility and Research Centre, School of Women's & Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Dulama Richani
- Fertility and Research Centre, School of Women's & Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Melissa C Edwards
- Fertility and Research Centre, School of Women's & Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Blake J Cochran
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - William L Ledger
- Fertility and Research Centre, School of Women's & Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Robert B Gilchrist
- Fertility and Research Centre, School of Women's & Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Michael J Bertoldo
- Fertility and Research Centre, School of Women's & Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Lindsay E Wu
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Kirsty A Walters
- Fertility and Research Centre, School of Women's & Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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26
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Shirakawa J, Togashi Y, Basile G, Okuyama T, Inoue R, Fernandez M, Kyohara M, De Jesus DF, Goto N, Zhang W, Tsuno T, Kin T, Pan H, Dreyfuss JM, Shapiro AJ, Yi P, Terauchi Y, Kulkarni RN. E2F1 transcription factor mediates a link between fat and islets to promote β cell proliferation in response to acute insulin resistance. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111436. [PMID: 36198264 PMCID: PMC9617565 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Prevention or amelioration of declining β cell mass is a potential strategy to cure diabetes. Here, we report the pathways utilized by β cells to robustly replicate in response to acute insulin resistance induced by S961, a pharmacological insulin receptor antagonist. Interestingly, pathways that include CENP-A and the transcription factor E2F1 that are independent of insulin signaling and its substrates appeared to mediate S961-induced β cell multiplication. Consistently, pharmacological inhibition of E2F1 blocks β-cell proliferation in S961-injected mice. Serum from S961-treated mice recapitulates replication of β cells in mouse and human islets in an E2F1-dependent manner. Co-culture of islets with adipocytes isolated from S961-treated mice enables β cells to duplicate, while E2F1 inhibition limits their growth even in the presence of adipocytes. These data suggest insulin resistance-induced proliferative signals from adipocytes activate E2F1, a potential therapeutic target, to promote β cell compensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Shirakawa
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA,Laboratory of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation (IMCR), Gunma University, Maebashi 3718512, Japan,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama-City University, Yokohama 2360004, Japan,Correspondence: (J.S.), (R.N.K.)
| | - Yu Togashi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama-City University, Yokohama 2360004, Japan
| | - Giorgio Basile
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Tomoko Okuyama
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama-City University, Yokohama 2360004, Japan
| | - Ryota Inoue
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation (IMCR), Gunma University, Maebashi 3718512, Japan
| | - Megan Fernandez
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Mayu Kyohara
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama-City University, Yokohama 2360004, Japan
| | - Dario F. De Jesus
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Nozomi Goto
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama-City University, Yokohama 2360004, Japan
| | - Wei Zhang
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Takahiro Tsuno
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation (IMCR), Gunma University, Maebashi 3718512, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Kin
- Clinical Islet Laboratory and Clinical Islet Transplant Program, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Hui Pan
- Bioinformatics Core, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jonathan M. Dreyfuss
- Bioinformatics Core, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - A.M. James Shapiro
- Clinical Islet Laboratory and Clinical Islet Transplant Program, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Peng Yi
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Yasuo Terauchi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama-City University, Yokohama 2360004, Japan
| | - Rohit N. Kulkarni
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA,Lead contact,Correspondence: (J.S.), (R.N.K.)
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27
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Chen H, Wu A, Zeidel ML, Yu W. Smooth Muscle Insulin Receptor Deletion Causes Voiding Dysfunction: A Mechanism for Diabetic Bladder Dysfunction. Diabetes 2022; 71:2197-2208. [PMID: 35876633 PMCID: PMC9501730 DOI: 10.2337/db22-0233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic bladder dysfunction (DBD) is the most common complication in diabetes. Myogenic abnormalities are common in DBD; however, the underlying mechanisms leading to these remain unclear. To understand the importance of smooth muscle insulin receptor (IR)-mediated signaling in the pathogenesis of DBD, we conditionally deleted it to achieve either heterozygous (SMIR+/-) or homozygous (SMIR-/-) deletion in smooth muscle cells. Despite impaired glucose and insulin tolerance seen with SMIR-/- mice, both SMIR+/- and SMIR-/- mice exhibited normal blood glucose and plasma insulin levels. Interestingly, these mice had abnormal voiding phenotypes, that included urinary frequency and small voids, and bladder smooth muscle (BSM) had significantly diminished contraction force. Morphology revealed a dilated bladder with thinner BSM layer, and BSM bundles were disorganized with penetrating interstitial tissue. Deletion of IR elevated FoxO and decreased mTOR protein expression, which further decreased the expression of Chrm3, P2x1, Sm22, and Cav1.2, crucial functional proteins for BSM contraction. Furthermore, we determined the expression of adiponectin in BSM, and deletion of IR in BSM inhibited adiponectin-mediated signaling. In summary, disruption of IR-mediated signaling in BSM caused abnormalities in proliferation and differentiation, leading to diminished BSM contractility and a voiding dysfunction phenotype that recapitulates human DBD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Weiqun Yu
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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28
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Schreyer E, Obringer C, Messaddeq N, Kieffer B, Zimmet P, Fleming A, Geberhiwot T, Marion V. PATAS, a First-in-Class Therapeutic Peptide Biologic, Improves Whole-Body Insulin Resistance and Associated Comorbidities In Vivo. Diabetes 2022; 71:2034-2047. [PMID: 35822820 DOI: 10.2337/db22-0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue is a key regulator of whole-body metabolic fitness because of its role in controlling insulin sensitivity. Obesity is associated with hypertrophic adipocytes with impaired glucose absorption, a phenomenon existing in the ultrarare monogenic disorder Alström syndrome consisting of severe insulin resistance. Inactivation of ALMS1 directly inhibits insulin-mediated glucose absorption in the white adipose tissue and induces severe insulin resistance, which leads to type 2 diabetes, accelerated nonalcoholic liver disease, and fibrosis. These phenotypes were reversed by specific adipocyte-ALMS1 reactivation in vivo. Subsequently, ALMS1 was found to bind to protein kinase C-α (PKCα) in the adipocyte, and upon insulin signaling, PKCα is released from ALMS1. α-Helices in the kinase domain of PKCα were therefore screened to identify a peptide sequence that interfered with the ALMS1-PKCα protein interaction. When incubated with cultured human adipocytes, the stapled peptide termed PATAS, for Peptide derived of PKC Alpha Targeting AlmS, triggered insulin-independent glucose absorption, de novo lipogenesis, and cellular glucose utilization. In vivo, PATAS reduced whole-body insulin resistance, and improved glucose intolerance, fasting glucose, liver steatosis, and fibrosis in rodents. Thus, PATAS represents a novel first-in-class peptide that targets the adipocyte to ameliorate insulin resistance and its associated comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwige Schreyer
- AdipoPharma SAS, Parc d'Innovation, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Cathy Obringer
- INSERM, UMR_U1112, Ciliopathies Modeling and Associated Therapies Group, Laboratoire de Génétique Médicale, Centre de Recherche en Biomédecine de Strasbourg (CRBS), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Nadia Messaddeq
- Institut de Génétique, Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS, UMR_7104, INSERM, U_1258, Université de Strasbourg, France
| | - Bruno Kieffer
- Institut de Génétique, Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS, UMR_7104, INSERM, U_1258, Université de Strasbourg, France
| | - Paul Zimmet
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Tarekegn Geberhiwot
- Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Department of Endocrinology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, U.K
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, U.K
| | - Vincent Marion
- AdipoPharma SAS, Parc d'Innovation, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
- INSERM, UMR_U1112, Ciliopathies Modeling and Associated Therapies Group, Laboratoire de Génétique Médicale, Centre de Recherche en Biomédecine de Strasbourg (CRBS), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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Brasil BB, Masaji S, Martins BT, Jiang H, Song N, Athena A S, Lucas B, François M, Wei-Jun Q, Rohit KN, Ronald KC. Apolipoprotein C3 and circulating mediators of preadipocyte proliferation in states of lipodystrophy. Mol Metab 2022; 64:101572. [PMID: 35964946 PMCID: PMC9418991 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipogenesis is a complex process controlled by intrinsic and extrinsic factors that regulate preadipocyte proliferation, adipogenic capacity and maturation of metabolic function. Here we show that insulin and IGF-1 receptors are essential for mature adipocyte survival and that deletion of both IR and IGF1R specifically in fat using a tamoxifen inducible-AdipoQ-Cre (Ai-DKO) leads to rapid and severe loss of adipocytes in all depots, associated with a metabolic syndrome characterized by hypertriglyceridemia, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, fatty liver, and pancreatic beta cell proliferation. In this model, this pathological phenotype reverses over a few weeks, in large part, due to preadipocyte proliferation and adipose tissue regeneration. Incubation of preadipocytes with serum from the Ai-DKO mice in vitro stimulates cell proliferation, and this effect can be mimicked by conditioned media from liver slices of Ai-DKO mice, but not by media of cultured Ai-DKO adipocytes, indicating a hepatic origin of the growth factor. Proteomic analysis of serum reveals apolipoprotein C3 (APOC3), a protein secreted by liver, as one of the most upregulated proteins in the Ai-DKO mice. In vitro, purified and delipidated APOC3 stimulates preadipocyte proliferation, however, knockdown of hepatic APOC3 in vivo in Ai-DKO mice is not sufficient to block adipose regeneration. Thus, lipodystrophy is associated with presence of increased preadipocyte-stimulating growth factors in serum. Our study indicates that APOC3 is one contributing factor to preadipocyte proliferation, however, other still-unidentified circulating growth factors are also likely present in Ai-DKO mice. Identification of these factors may provide a new approach to regulation of adipose mass in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandao Bruna Brasil
- Section of Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sakaguchi Masaji
- Section of Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Batista, Thiago Martins
- Section of Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hu Jiang
- Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Dept. of Medicine, BIDMC, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nie Song
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Schepmoes Athena A
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | | | - Moreau François
- Section of Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Qian Wei-Jun
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Kulkarni N. Rohit
- Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Dept. of Medicine, BIDMC, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kahn, C. Ronald
- Section of Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Corresponding author. Joslin Diabetes Center, One Joslin Place, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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30
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Karsenty G, Khosla S. The crosstalk between bone remodeling and energy metabolism: A translational perspective. Cell Metab 2022; 34:805-817. [PMID: 35545088 PMCID: PMC9535690 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2022.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Genetics in model organisms has progressively broken down walls that previously separated different disciplines of biology. One example of this holistic evolution is the recognition of the complex relationship that exists between the control of bone mass (bone remodeling) and energy metabolism in mammals. Numerous hormones orchestrate this crosstalk. In particular, the study of the leptin-mediated regulation of bone mass has not only revealed the existence of a central control of bone mass but has also led to the realization that sympathetic innervation is a major regulator of bone remodeling. This happened at a time when the use of drugs aiming at treating osteoporosis, the most frequent bone disease, has dwindled. This review will highlight the main aspects of the leptin-mediated regulation of bone mass and how this led to the realization that β-blockers, which block the effects of the sympathetic nervous system, may be a viable option to prevent osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Karsenty
- Department of Genetics and Development, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Sundeep Khosla
- Kogod Center of Aging and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA.
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31
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Koppula A, Asif AR, Barra RR, Sridharan KS. Feasibility of home-based tracking of insulin resistance from vascular stiffness estimated from the photoplethysmographic finger pulse waveform. Physiol Meas 2022; 43. [PMID: 35512706 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6579/ac6d3f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we explored the utility of post-prandial vascular stiffness as a surrogate measure for the estimation of insulin resistance (IR), which is a pre-diabetic condition. A cohort of 51 healthy young adults of varying Body mass index values (BMI) were studied by fasting plasma values of insulin and glucose; fasting and post-meal finger photoplethysmography (PPG), and electrocardiogram (ECG). Insulin resistance was estimated by Homeostatic model assessment-Insulin resistance 2 (HOMA-IR2) using fasting plasma insulin and glucose. Vascular stiffness was estimated by reciprocal of pulse arrival time (rPAT) from ECG and finger PPG at five time points from fasting to 2-hours post oral glucose ingestion. We examined if insulin resistance is correlated with meal induced vascular stiffness changes supporting the feasibility of using finger PPG for the estimation of insulin resistance. HOMA-IR2 was found to be positively correlated with early rise (0- to 30- minutes post meal) and delayed fall (30- to 120-minutes) of rPAT. Correlation persisted even after the effect of BMI has been partialled out in sub-group analysis. We conclude that finger PPG based pulse waveform and single lead ECG has the potential to be used as a non-invasive method for the assessment of insulin resistance. As both signals viz., ECG and PPG can be easily acquired using wearable and other low-cost sensing systems, the present study can serve as a pointer for the development of accessible methods of monitoring and longitudinal tracking of insulin resistance in health and pathophysiological states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Koppula
- Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana state, India, Hyderabad, 502205, INDIA
| | - Abdur Rehman Asif
- Biochemistry, Apollo Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Road.No.92, Film nagar, Apollo health city campus, Jubilee Hills, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500096, INDIA
| | - Ram Reddy Barra
- Physiology, Apollo Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Apollo health city campus, Road.No.92, Jubilee hills, Hyderabad, India, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500090, INDIA
| | - Kousik Sarathy Sridharan
- Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana state, India, Hyderabad, Telangana, 502285, INDIA
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32
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Berger JM, Karsenty G. Osteocalcin and the Physiology of Danger. FEBS Lett 2021; 596:665-680. [PMID: 34913486 PMCID: PMC9020278 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Bone biology has long been driven by the question as to what molecules affect cell differentiation or the functions of bone. Exploring this issue has been an extraordinarily powerful way to improve our knowledge of bone development and physiology. More recently, a second question has emerged: does bone have other functions besides making bone? Addressing this conundrum revealed that the bone-derived hormone osteocalcin affects a surprisingly large number of organs and physiological processes, including acute stress response. This review will focus on this emerging aspect of bone biology taking osteocalcin as a case study and will show how classical and endocrine functions of bone help to define a new functional identity for this tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Meyer Berger
- Department of Genetics and Development, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Gerard Karsenty
- Department of Genetics and Development, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, NY, 10032, USA
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33
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Stranahan AM. Visceral adiposity, inflammation, and hippocampal function in obesity. Neuropharmacology 2021; 205:108920. [PMID: 34902347 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The 'apple-shaped' anatomical pattern that accompanies visceral adiposity increases risk for multiple chronic diseases, including conditions that impact the brain, such as diabetes and hypertension. However, distinguishing between the consequences of visceral obesity, as opposed to visceral adiposity-associated metabolic and cardiovascular pathologies, presents certain challenges. This review summarizes current literature on relationships between adipose tissue distribution and cognition in preclinical models and highlights unanswered questions surrounding the potential role of tissue- and cell type-specific insulin resistance in these effects. While gaps in knowledge persist related to insulin insensitivity and cognitive impairment in obesity, several recent studies suggest that cells of the neurovascular unit contribute to hippocampal synaptic dysfunction, and this review interprets those findings in the context of progressive metabolic dysfunction in the CNS. Signalling between cerebrovascular endothelial cells, astrocytes, microglia, and neurons has been linked with memory deficits in visceral obesity, and this article describes the cellular changes in each of these populations with respect to their role in amplification or diminution of peripheral signals. The picture emerging from these studies, while incomplete, implicates pro-inflammatory cytokines, insulin resistance, and hyperglycemia in various stages of obesity-induced hippocampal dysfunction. As in the parable of the five blind wanderers holding different parts of an elephant, considerable work remains in order to assemble a model for the underlying mechanisms linking visceral adiposity with age-related cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis M Stranahan
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1462 Laney Walker Blvd, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
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34
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Schmidt V, Horváth C, Dong H, Blüher M, Qvist P, Wolfrum C, Willnow TE. SORLA is required for insulin-induced expansion of the adipocyte precursor pool in visceral fat. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:e202006058. [PMID: 34779857 PMCID: PMC8598079 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202006058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Visceral adipose tissue shows remarkable plasticity, constantly replacing mature adipocytes from an inherent pool of adipocyte precursors. The number of precursors is set in the juvenile organism and remains constant in adult life. Which signals drive precursor pool expansion in juveniles and why they operate in visceral but not in subcutaneous white adipose tissue (WAT) are unclear. Using mouse models, we identified the insulin-sensitizing receptor SORLA as a molecular factor explaining the distinct proliferative capacity of visceral WAT. High levels of SORLA activity in precursors of juvenile visceral WAT prime these cells for nutritional stimuli provided through insulin, promoting mitotic expansion of the visceral precursor cell pool in overfed juvenile mice. SORLA activity is low in subcutaneous precursors, blunting their response to insulin and preventing diet-induced proliferation of this cell type. Our findings provide a molecular explanation for the unique proliferative properties of juvenile visceral WAT, and for the genetic association of SORLA with visceral obesity in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Schmidt
- Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carla Horváth
- Laboratory of Translational Nutrition Biology, ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Hua Dong
- Laboratory of Translational Nutrition Biology, ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Per Qvist
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Centre for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Christian Wolfrum
- Laboratory of Translational Nutrition Biology, ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Thomas E. Willnow
- Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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35
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Reilly AM, Yan S, Huang M, Abhyankar SD, Conley JM, Bone RN, Stull ND, Horan DJ, Roh HC, Robling AG, Ericsson AC, Dong XC, Evans-Molina C, Ren H. A high-fat diet catalyzes progression to hyperglycemia in mice with selective impairment of insulin action in Glut4-expressing tissues. J Biol Chem 2021; 298:101431. [PMID: 34801552 PMCID: PMC8689209 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance impairs postprandial glucose uptake through glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) and is the primary defect preceding type 2 diabetes. We previously generated an insulin-resistant mouse model with human GLUT4 promoter-driven insulin receptor knockout (GIRKO) in the muscle, adipose, and neuronal subpopulations. However, the rate of diabetes in GIRKO mice remained low prior to 6 months of age on normal chow diet (NCD), suggesting that additional factors/mechanisms are responsible for adverse metabolic effects driving the ultimate progression of overt diabetes. In this study, we characterized the metabolic phenotypes of the adult GIRKO mice acutely switched to high-fat diet (HFD) feeding in order to identify additional metabolic challenges required for disease progression. Distinct from other diet-induced obesity (DIO) and genetic models (e.g., db/db mice), GIRKO mice remained leaner on HFD feeding, but developed other cardinal features of insulin resistance syndrome. GIRKO mice rapidly developed hyperglycemia despite compensatory increases in β-cell mass and hyperinsulinemia. Furthermore, GIRKO mice also had impaired oral glucose tolerance and a limited glucose-lowering benefit from exendin-4, suggesting that the blunted incretin effect contributed to hyperglycemia. Secondly, GIRKO mice manifested severe dyslipidemia while on HFD due to elevated hepatic lipid secretion, serum triglyceride concentration, and lipid droplet accumulation in hepatocytes. Thirdly, GIRKO mice on HFD had increased inflammatory cues in the gut, which were associated with the HFD-induced microbiome alterations and increased serum lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In conclusion, our studies identified important gene/diet interactions contributing to diabetes progression, which might be leveraged to develop more efficacious therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin M Reilly
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Medical Neuroscience Graduate Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Shijun Yan
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Menghao Huang
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Surabhi D Abhyankar
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Jason M Conley
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Robert N Bone
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Natalie D Stull
- Indiana Biosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Daniel J Horan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Hyun C Roh
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Alexander G Robling
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Aaron C Ericsson
- Metagenomics Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Xiaocheng C Dong
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Carmella Evans-Molina
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Hongxia Ren
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Medical Neuroscience Graduate Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
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36
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Love KM, Barrett EJ, Malin SK, Reusch JEB, Regensteiner JG, Liu Z. Diabetes pathogenesis and management: the endothelium comes of age. J Mol Cell Biol 2021; 13:500-512. [PMID: 33787922 PMCID: PMC8530521 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjab024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelium, acting as a barrier, protects tissues against factors that provoke insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes and itself responds to the insult of insulin resistance inducers with altered function. Endothelial insulin resistance and vascular dysfunction occur early in the evolution of insulin resistance-related disease, can co-exist with and even contribute to the development of metabolic insulin resistance, and promote vascular complications in those affected. The impact of endothelial insulin resistance and vascular dysfunction varies depending on the blood vessel size and location, resulting in decreased arterial plasticity, increased atherosclerosis and vascular resistance, and decreased tissue perfusion. Women with insulin resistance and diabetes are disproportionately impacted by cardiovascular disease, likely related to differential sex-hormone endothelium effects. Thus, reducing endothelial insulin resistance and improving endothelial function in the conduit arteries may reduce atherosclerotic complications, in the resistance arteries lead to better blood pressure control, and in the microvasculature lead to less microvascular complications and more effective tissue perfusion. Multiple diabetes therapeutic modalities, including medications and exercise training, improve endothelial insulin action and vascular function. This action may delay the onset of type 2 diabetes and/or its complications, making the vascular endothelium an attractive therapeutic target for type 2 diabetes and potentially type 1 diabetes.
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MESH Headings
- Age Factors
- Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology
- Cardiovascular Diseases/ethnology
- Cardiovascular Diseases/metabolism
- Cardiovascular Diseases/physiopathology
- Comorbidity
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/epidemiology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/physiopathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/epidemiology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/physiopathology
- Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Endothelium, Vascular/physiopathology
- Exercise
- Female
- Humans
- Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology
- Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use
- Insulin Resistance
- Male
- Racial Groups
- Risk Factors
- Sex Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin M Love
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Eugene J Barrett
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Steven K Malin
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
- New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
- Institute of Translational Medicine and Research, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Jane E B Reusch
- Center for Women’s Health Research, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Judith G Regensteiner
- Center for Women’s Health Research, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Zhenqi Liu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
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Shankar K, Takemi S, Gupta D, Varshney S, Mani BK, Osborne-Lawrence S, Metzger NP, Richard CP, Berglund ED, Zigman JM. Ghrelin cell-expressed insulin receptors mediate meal- and obesity-induced declines in plasma ghrelin. JCI Insight 2021; 6:e146983. [PMID: 34473648 PMCID: PMC8492315 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.146983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms underlying postprandial and obesity-associated plasma ghrelin reductions are incompletely understood. Here, using ghrelin cell-selective insulin receptor-KO (GhIRKO) mice, we tested the impact of insulin, acting via ghrelin cell-expressed insulin receptors (IRs), to suppress ghrelin secretion. Insulin reduced ghrelin secretion from cultured gastric mucosal cells of control mice but not from those of GhIRKO mice. Acute insulin challenge and insulin infusion during both hyperinsulinemic-hypoglycemic clamps and hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps lowered plasma ghrelin in control mice but not GhIRKO mice. Thus, ghrelin cell-expressed IRs are required for insulin-mediated reductions in plasma ghrelin. Furthermore, interventions that naturally raise insulin (glucose gavage, refeeding following fasting, and chronic high-fat diet) also lowered plasma ghrelin only in control mice - not GhIRKO mice. Thus, meal- and obesity-associated increases in insulin, acting via ghrelin cell-expressed IRs, represent a major, direct negative modulator of ghrelin secretion in vivo, as opposed to ingested or metabolized macronutrients. Refed GhIRKO mice exhibited reduced plasma insulin, highlighting ghrelin's actions to inhibit insulin release via a feedback loop. Moreover, GhIRKO mice required reduced glucose infusion rates during hyperinsulinemic-hypoglycemic clamps, suggesting that suppressed ghrelin release resulting from direct insulin action on ghrelin cells usually limits ghrelin's full potential to protect against insulin-induced hypoglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kripa Shankar
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Shota Takemi
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Area of Regulatory Biology, Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Sakuraku, Saitama, Japan
| | - Deepali Gupta
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Salil Varshney
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Bharath K. Mani
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Sherri Osborne-Lawrence
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Nathan P. Metzger
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Corine P. Richard
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Eric D. Berglund
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Jeffrey M. Zigman
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, and
- Department of Psychiatry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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38
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Rebelos E, Iozzo P, Guzzardi MA, Brunetto MR, Bonino F. Brain-gut-liver interactions across the spectrum of insulin resistance in metabolic fatty liver disease. World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:4999-5018. [PMID: 34497431 PMCID: PMC8384743 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i30.4999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), formerly named "nonalcoholic fatty liver disease" occurs in about one-third of the general population of developed countries worldwide and behaves as a major morbidity and mortality risk factor for major causes of death, such as cardiovascular, digestive, metabolic, neoplastic and neuro-degenerative diseases. However, progression of MAFLD and its associated systemic complications occur almost invariably in patients who experience the additional burden of intrahepatic and/or systemic inflammation, which acts as disease accelerator. Our review is focused on the new knowledge about the brain-gut-liver axis in the context of metabolic dysregulations associated with fatty liver, where insulin resistance has been assumed to play an important role. Special emphasis has been given to digital imaging studies and in particular to positron emission tomography, as it represents a unique opportunity for the noninvasive in vivo study of tissue metabolism. An exhaustive revision of targeted animal models is also provided in order to clarify what the available preclinical evidence suggests for the causal interactions between fatty liver, dysregulated endogenous glucose production and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Rebelos
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku 20500, Finland
| | - Patricia Iozzo
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | | | - Maurizia Rossana Brunetto
- Hepatology Unit and Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Pathology of Hepatitis, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa 56121, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa 56121, Italy
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, National Research Council, Napoli 80145, Italy
| | - Ferruccio Bonino
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, National Research Council, Napoli 80145, Italy
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Protective effects of p-coumaric acid against high-fat diet-induced metabolic dysregulation in mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 142:111969. [PMID: 34333285 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
p-Coumaric acid (PC), a naturally occurring phytochemical, possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties; however, the mechanisms underlying its protective effects against obesity-related metabolic dysfunction are largely unknown. Here, we treated C57BL/6J mice to a high-fat diet (HFD) with or without PC (10 mg/kg body weight/day) for 16 weeks to determine whether PC ameliorates HFD-induced obesity, insulin resistance, inflammation, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We found no significant differences in food intake and body weight between the groups. However, PC-treated mice showed significantly lower white adipose tissue (WAT) weight, adipocyte size, and plasma leptin level, which were associated with decreased lipogenic enzyme activity and mRNA expression of their genes in the epididymal WAT. Moreover, hepatic lipogenic enzymes activities and expression of their genes and proteins were decreased with concomitant increases in hepatic fatty acid oxidation and mRNA expression of its gene; fecal lipid excretion was significantly increased, resulting in decreased liver weight, hepatic lipid levels, lipid droplet accumulation, and plasma aspartate aminotransferase and lipid levels. Additionally, PC-treated mice showed lower fasting blood glucose, plasma resistin, and MCP-1 levels, HOMA-IR, and mRNA expression of inflammatory genes in the epididymal WAT and liver. Our findings reveal potential mechanisms underlying the action of PC against HFD-induced adiposity, NAFLD, and other metabolic disturbances.
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Sheng Y, Xia F, Chen L, Lv Y, Lv S, Yu J, Liu J, Ding G. Differential Responses of White Adipose Tissue and Brown Adipose Tissue to Calorie Restriction During Aging. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2021; 76:393-399. [PMID: 32222773 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glaa070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related adipose tissue dysfunction is potentially important in the development of insulin resistance and metabolic disorder. Caloric restriction (CR) is a robust intervention to reduce adiposity, improve metabolic health, and extend healthy life span. Both white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT) are involved in energy homeostasis. CR triggers the beiging of WAT in young mice; however, the effects of CR on beiging of WAT and function of BAT during aging are unclear. This study aimed to investigate how age and CR impact the beiging of WAT, the function of BAT, and metabolic health in mice. C57BL/6 mice were fed CR diet (40% less than the ad libitum [AL] diet) for 3 months initiated in young (3 months), middle-aged (12 months), and old (19 months) stage. We found age-related changes in different types of adipose tissue, including adipocyte enlargement, declined beiging of WAT, and declined thermogenic and β-oxidational function of BAT. Moreover, CR attenuated age-associated adipocyte enlargement and prevented the age-related decline in beiging potential of WAT. These protective effects on the beiging potential were significant in inguinal WAT at all three ages, which were significant in epididymal WAT at young and old age. In contrast, thermogenic and β-oxidational function of BAT further declined after CR in the young age group. In conclusion, our findings reveal the contribution of WAT beiging decline to age-related metabolic disorder and suggest nutritional intervention, specifically targeting WAT beiging, as an effective approach to metabolic health during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlu Sheng
- Division of Geriatric Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Xia
- Division of Geriatric Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Chen
- Division of Geriatric Respiratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifan Lv
- Division of Geriatric Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Lv
- Division of Geriatric Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Yu
- Division of Geriatric Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Liu
- Division of Geriatric Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoxian Ding
- Division of Geriatric Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, People's Republic of China
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Picatoste B, Yammine L, Leahey RA, Soares D, Johnson EF, Cohen P, McGraw TE. Defective insulin-stimulated GLUT4 translocation in brown adipocytes induces systemic glucose homeostasis dysregulation independent of thermogenesis in female mice. Mol Metab 2021; 53:101305. [PMID: 34303022 PMCID: PMC8363886 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recent studies indicate that brown adipose tissue, in addition to its role in thermogenesis, has a role in the regulation of whole-body metabolism. Here we characterize the metabolic effects of deleting Rab10, a protein key for insulin stimulation of glucose uptake into white adipocytes, solely from brown adipocytes. METHODS We used a murine brown adipocyte cell line and stromal vascular fraction-derived in vitro differentiated brown adipocytes to study the role of Rab10 in insulin-stimulated GLUT4 translocation to the plasma membrane and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. We generated a brown adipocyte-specific Rab10 knockout for in vivo studies of metabolism and thermoregulation. RESULTS We demonstrate that deletion of Rab10 from brown adipocytes results in a two-fold reduction of insulin-stimulated glucose transport by reducing translocation of the GLUT4 glucose transporter to the plasma membrane, an effect linked to whole-body glucose intolerance and insulin resistance in female mice. This effect on metabolism is independent of the thermogenic function of brown adipocytes, thereby revealing a metabolism-specific role for brown adipocytes in female mice. The reduced glucose uptake induced by Rab10 deletion disrupts ChREBP regulation of de novo lipogenesis (DNL) genes, providing a potential link between DNL in brown adipocytes and whole-body metabolic regulation in female mice. However, deletion of Rab10 from male mice does not induce systemic insulin resistance, although ChREBP regulation is disrupted. CONCLUSIONS Our studies of Rab10 reveal the role of insulin-regulated glucose transport into brown adipocytes in whole-body metabolic homeostasis of female mice. Importantly, the contribution of brown adipocytes to whole-body metabolic regulation is independent of its role in thermogenesis. It is unclear whether the whole-body metabolic sexual dimorphism is because female mice are permissive to the effects of Rab10 deletion from brown adipocytes or because male mice are resistant to the effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belén Picatoste
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Lucie Yammine
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Rosemary A. Leahey
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - David Soares
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Emma F. Johnson
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Paul Cohen
- Laboratory of Molecular Metabolism, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Timothy E. McGraw
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA,Corresponding author. Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
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Sun A, Hu X, Chen H, Ma Y, Yan X, Peng D, Ping J, Yan Y. Ursolic acid induces white adipose tissue beiging in high-fat-diet obese male mice. Food Funct 2021; 12:6490-6501. [PMID: 34079975 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo00924a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Ursolic acid (UA) shows an effect on obesity and related metabolic diseases, but its mechanism of action remains unclear. We found that UA clearly reduced the body weight and adipose tissue mass and improved the glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in obese male mice. UA treatment significantly reduced the volume and weights of the epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) and inguinal subcutaneous white adipose tissue (igSWAT) of HFD-fed mice, respectively. UA also decreased the expression of genes involved in adipocyte differentiation and lipogenesis in igSWAT. Real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry showed that the expression of beiging-related genes 4-1BB factor (CD137), T-box transcription factor 1 (TBX1), and transmembrane protein 26 (TMEM26) were significantly increased in the UA treatment group. UA treatment significantly reduced the weight of gastrocnemius muscle (GM) and lipid droplets in the GM. UA treatment significantly upregulated the expression of PR domain-containing 16 (PRDM16), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α), and fibronectin type 3 domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5) in GM and igSWAT. UA also stimulated irisin secretion in the serum. In conclusion, these results indicate that UA plays an anti-obesogenic role by increasing the secretion of irisin and promoting the beiging of WAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.
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White MF, Kahn CR. Insulin action at a molecular level - 100 years of progress. Mol Metab 2021; 52:101304. [PMID: 34274528 PMCID: PMC8551477 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of insulin 100 years ago and its application to the treatment of human disease in the years since have marked a major turning point in the history of medicine. The availability of purified insulin allowed for the establishment of its physiological role in the regulation of blood glucose and ketones, the determination of its amino acid sequence, and the solving of its structure. Over the last 50 years, the function of insulin has been applied into the discovery of the insulin receptor and its signaling cascade to reveal the role of impaired insulin signaling-or resistance-in the progression of type 2 diabetes. It has also become clear that insulin signaling can impact not only classical insulin-sensitive tissues, but all tissues of the body, and that in many of these tissues the insulin signaling cascade regulates unexpected physiological functions. Despite these remarkable advances, much remains to be learned about both insulin signaling and how to use this molecular knowledge to advance the treatment of type 2 diabetes and other insulin-resistant states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morris F White
- Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
| | - C Ronald Kahn
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
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Murugan DD, Balan D, Wong PF. Adipogenesis and therapeutic potentials of antiobesogenic phytochemicals: Insights from preclinical studies. Phytother Res 2021; 35:5936-5960. [PMID: 34219306 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is one of the most serious public health problems in both developed and developing countries in recent years. While lifestyle and diet modifications are the most important management strategies of obesity, these may be insufficient to ensure long-term weight reduction in certain individuals and alternative strategies including pharmacotherapy need to be considered. However, drugs option remains limited due to low efficacy and adverse effects associated with their use. Hence, identification of safe and effective alternative therapeutic agents remains warranted to combat obesity. In recent years, bioactive phytochemicals are considered as valuable sources for the discovery of new pharmacological agents for the treatment of obesity. Adipocyte hypertrophy and hyperplasia increases with obesity and undergo molecular and cellular alterations that can affect systemic metabolism giving rise to metabolic syndrome and comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Many phytochemicals have been reported to target adipocytes by inhibiting adipogenesis, inducing lipolysis, suppressing the differentiation of preadipocytes to mature adipocytes, reducing energy intake, and boosting energy expenditure mainly in vitro and in animal studies. Nevertheless, further high-quality studies are needed to firmly establish the clinical efficacy of these phytochemicals. This review outlines common pathways involved in adipogenesis and phytochemicals targeting effector molecules of these pathways, the challenges faced and the way forward for the development of phytochemicals as antiobesity agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharmani Devi Murugan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Dharvind Balan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Pooi-Fong Wong
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Tencerova M, Ferencakova M, Kassem M. Bone marrow adipose tissue: Role in bone remodeling and energy metabolism. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 35:101545. [PMID: 33966979 DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2021.101545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) has been considered for several decades as a silent bystander that fills empty space left in bone marrow following age-related decrease in hematopoiesis. However, recently new discoveries revealed BMAT as a secretory and metabolically active organ contributing to bone and whole-body energy metabolism. BMAT exhibits metabolic functions distinct from extramedullary adipose depots, relevant to its role in regulation of energy metabolism and its contribution to fracture risk observed in metabolic bone diseases. This review discusses novel insights of BMAT with particular emphasis on its contribution to the regulation of bone homeostasis. We also discuss the role of BMAT in regulation of fuel utilization and energy use that affect skeletal stem cell functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Tencerova
- Molecular Physiology of Bone, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Michaela Ferencakova
- Molecular Physiology of Bone, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Moustapha Kassem
- Molecular Endocrinology and Stem Cell Research Unit, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Odense University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Nono Nankam PA, Blüher M. Retinol-binding protein 4 in obesity and metabolic dysfunctions. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 531:111312. [PMID: 33957191 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Excessive increased adipose tissue mass in obesity is associated with numerous co-morbid disorders including increased risk of type 2 diabetes, fatty liver disease, hypertension, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular diseases, dementia, airway disease and some cancers. The causal mechanisms explaining these associations are not fully understood. Adipose tissue is an active endocrine organ that secretes many adipokines, cytokines and releases metabolites. These biomolecules referred to as adipocytokines play a significant role in the regulation of whole-body energy homeostasis and metabolism by influencing and altering target tissues function. Understanding the mechanisms of adipocytokine actions represents a hot topic in obesity research. Among several secreted bioactive signalling molecules from adipose tissue and liver, retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) has been associated with systemic insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes and other metabolic diseases. Here, we aim to review and discuss the current knowledge on RBP4 with a focus on its role in the pathogenesis of obesity comorbid diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela A Nono Nankam
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Germany; Medical Department III - Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Germany
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The Roles of the IGF Axis in the Regulation of the Metabolism: Interaction and Difference between Insulin Receptor Signaling and IGF-I Receptor Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136817. [PMID: 34202916 PMCID: PMC8268872 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been well established that insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) mainly mediate long-term actions in cell fates, whereas insulin predominantly exerts its role on metabolic activity. Indeed, insulin mediates multiple anabolic biological activities in glucose and amino acid transport, lipid and protein synthesis, the induction of glycogen, the inhibition of gluconeogenesis, lipolysis, and protein degradation. The interactions and differences between insulin receptor signaling and IGF-I receptor signaling in the metabolism and the cell fates are quite complicated. Because of the overlapping actions of IGF-I singling with insulin signaling, it has been difficult to distinguish the role of both signaling mechanisms on the metabolism. Furthermore, comprehensive information on the IGF-I function in respective tissues remains insufficient. Therefore, we need to clarify the precise roles of IGF-I signaling on the metabolism separate from those of insulin signaling. This review focuses on the metabolic roles of IGFs in the respective tissues, especially in terms of comparison with those of insulin, by overviewing the metabolic phenotypes of tissue-specific IGF-I and insulin receptor knockout mice, as well as those in mice treated with the dual insulin receptor/IGF-I receptor inhibitor OSI-906.
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48
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Ding N, Karvonen-Gutierrez CA, Herman WH, Calafat AM, Mukherjee B, Park SK. Associations of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and PFAS mixtures with adipokines in midlife women. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2021; 235:113777. [PMID: 34090141 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2021.113777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) exposure have been associated with obesity and related comorbidities, possibly through disrupting signaling pathways of adipokines. Both leptin and adiponectin can modulate metabolic processes. However, the effects of PFAS on adipokines are not well understood. OBJECTIVE We determined if serum PFAS concentrations were associated with adipokine profiles in midlife women. METHODS We examined 1245 women aged 45-56 years from the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation. Concentrations of 11 PFAS were quantified in baseline serum samples collected in 1999-2000. Linear and branched perfluorooctane sulfonic acid isomers (n-PFOS and Sm-PFOS) and their sum (PFOS), linear perfluorooctanoic acid (n-PFOA), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS), 2-(N-methyl-perfluorooctane sulfonamido) acetic acid (MeFOSAA), and 2-(N-ethyl-perfluorooctane sulfonamido) acetic acid (EtFOSAA) with detection frequencies >60% were included in the analysis. Adipokines including leptin, soluble leptin receptor (sOB-R), free leptin index (FLI, the ratio of leptin to sOB-R), total and high molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin were assessed in 2002-2003. We utilized multivariable linear regressions and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) to assess individual and overall joint effects of PFAS on adipokines with adjustment for age, race/ethnicity, study site, education, smoking status, physical activity, menopausal status, and waist circumference. RESULTS A doubling of PFAS concentrations was associated with 7.8% (95% CI: 2.5%, 13.4%) higher FLI for PFOS, 9.4% (95% CI: 3.7%, 15.3%) for n-PFOA, 5.5% (95% CI: 2.2%, 9.0%) for EtFOSAA and 7.4% (95% CI: 2.8%, 12.2%) for MeFOSAA. Similar associations were found for leptin. Only EtFOSAA was associated with lower sOB-R concentrations (-1.4%, 95% CI: -2.7%, -0.1%). Results remained in women with overweight or obesity but not those with normal weight or underweight. No statistically significant associations were observed with total or HMW adiponectin, except for PFNA with total and HMW adiponectin observed in women with normal weight or underweight. In BKMR analysis, women with PFAS concentrations at the median and the 90th percentile had 30.9% (95% CI: 15.6%, 48.3%) and 52.1% (95% CI: 27.9%, 81.0%) higher FLI, respectively, compared with those with concentrations fixed at the 10th percentile. CONCLUSION Some PFAS may alter circulating levels of leptin. Understanding associations between PFAS and adipokines may help elucidate whether PFAS can influence obesity and metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Ding
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - William H Herman
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Antonia M Calafat
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Bhramar Mukherjee
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sung Kyun Park
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Zhang AM, Wellberg EA, Kopp JL, Johnson JD. Hyperinsulinemia in Obesity, Inflammation, and Cancer. Diabetes Metab J 2021; 45:285-311. [PMID: 33775061 PMCID: PMC8164941 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2020.0250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The relative insufficiency of insulin secretion and/or insulin action causes diabetes. However, obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus can be associated with an absolute increase in circulating insulin, a state known as hyperinsulinemia. Studies are beginning to elucidate the cause-effect relationships between hyperinsulinemia and numerous consequences of metabolic dysfunctions. Here, we review recent evidence demonstrating that hyperinsulinemia may play a role in inflammation, aging and development of cancers. In this review, we will focus on the consequences and mechanisms of excess insulin production and action, placing recent findings that have challenged dogma in the context of the existing body of literature. Where relevant, we elaborate on the role of specific signal transduction components in the actions of insulin and consequences of chronic hyperinsulinemia. By discussing the involvement of hyperinsulinemia in various metabolic and other chronic diseases, we may identify more effective therapeutics or lifestyle interventions for preventing or treating obesity, diabetes and cancer. We also seek to identify pertinent questions that are ripe for future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anni M.Y. Zhang
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Elizabeth A. Wellberg
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Stephenson Cancer Center, Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Janel L. Kopp
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - James D. Johnson
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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50
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Li N, Zhao S, Zhang Z, Zhu Y, Gliniak CM, Vishvanath L, An YA, Wang MY, Deng Y, Zhu Q, Shan B, Sherwood A, Onodera T, Oz OK, Gordillo R, Gupta RK, Liu M, Horvath TL, Dixit VD, Scherer PE. Adiponectin preserves metabolic fitness during aging. eLife 2021; 10:65108. [PMID: 33904399 PMCID: PMC8099426 DOI: 10.7554/elife.65108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin is essential for the regulation of tissue substrate utilization and systemic insulin sensitivity. Clinical studies have suggested a positive association of circulating adiponectin with healthspan and lifespan. However, the direct effects of adiponectin on promoting healthspan and lifespan remain unexplored. Here, we are using an adiponectin null mouse and a transgenic adiponectin overexpression model. We directly assessed the effects of circulating adiponectin on the aging process and found that adiponectin null mice display exacerbated age-related glucose and lipid metabolism disorders. Moreover, adiponectin null mice have a significantly shortened lifespan on both chow and high-fat diet. In contrast, a transgenic mouse model with elevated circulating adiponectin levels has a dramatically improved systemic insulin sensitivity, reduced age-related tissue inflammation and fibrosis, and a prolonged healthspan and median lifespan. These results support a role of adiponectin as an essential regulator for healthspan and lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Shangang Zhao
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Zhuzhen Zhang
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Yi Zhu
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Christy M Gliniak
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Lavanya Vishvanath
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Yu A An
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - May-Yun Wang
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Yingfeng Deng
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Qingzhang Zhu
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Bo Shan
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Amber Sherwood
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Toshiharu Onodera
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Orhan K Oz
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Ruth Gordillo
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Rana K Gupta
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Tamas L Horvath
- Department of Comparative Medicine and Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, United States
| | - Vishwa Deep Dixit
- Department of Comparative Medicine and Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, United States.,Yale Center for Research on Aging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, United States
| | - Philipp E Scherer
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States.,Department of Cell Biology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
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