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Zhang J, Wen J, Dai Z, Zhang H, Zhang N, Lei R, Liu Z, Peng L, Cheng Q. Causal association and shared genetics between telomere length and COVID-19 outcomes: New evidence from the latest large-scale summary statistics. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2024; 23:2429-2441. [PMID: 38882679 PMCID: PMC11176559 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2024.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Observational studies suggested that leukocyte telomere length (LTL) is shortened in COVID-19 patients. However, the genetic association and causality remained unknown. Methods Based on the genome-wide association of LTL (N = 472,174) and COVID-19 phenotypes (N = 1086,211-2597,856), LDSC and SUPERGNOVA were used to estimate the genetic correlation. Cross-trait GWAS meta-analysis, colocalization, fine-mapping analysis, and transcriptome-wide association study were conducted to explore the shared genetic etiology. Mendelian randomization (MR) was utilized to infer the causality. Upstream and downstream two-step MR was performed to investigate the potential mediating effects. Results LDSC identified a significant genetic association between LTL and all COVID-19 phenotypes (rG < 0, p < 0.05). Six significant regions were observed for LTL and COVID-19 susceptibility and hospitalization, respectively. Colocalization analysis found rs144204502, rs34517439, and rs56255908 were shared causal variants between LTL and COVID-19 phenotypes. Numerous biological pathways associated with LTL and COVID-19 outcomes were identified, mainly involved in -immune-related pathways. MR showed that longer LTL was significantly associated with a lower risk of COVID-19 severity (OR [95% CI] = 0.81 [0.71-0.92], p = 1.24 ×10-3) and suggestively associated with lower risks of COVID-19 susceptibility (OR [95% CI] = 0.96 [0.92-1.00], p = 3.44 ×10-2) and COVID-19 hospitalization (OR [95% CI] = 0.89 [0.80-0.98], p = 1.89 ×10-2). LTL partially mediated the effects of BMI, smoking, and education on COVID-19 outcomes. Furthermore, six proteins partially mediated the causality of LTL on COVID-19 outcomes, including BNDF, QPCT, FAS, MPO, SFTPB, and APOF. Conclusions Our findings suggested that shorter LTL was genetically associated with a higher risk of COVID-19 phenotypes, with shared genetic etiology and potential causality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hypothalamic Pituitary Research Centre, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jie Wen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hypothalamic Pituitary Research Centre, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ziyu Dai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hypothalamic Pituitary Research Centre, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ruoyan Lei
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhixiong Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hypothalamic Pituitary Research Centre, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Luo Peng
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Quan Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hypothalamic Pituitary Research Centre, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Zhang Z, Wang M, Gill D, Liu X, Zhu W. Association of Genetically Predicted Anxiety and Depression With Functional Outcome After Ischemic Stroke: A Mendelian Randomization Study. Neurology 2024; 103:e209776. [PMID: 39116372 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000209776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Anxiety and depression have implications for ischemic stroke recovery. This study explored the association of genetically predicted anxiety and depression with functional outcome after ischemic stroke using Mendelian randomization (MR) approach. METHODS Independent genetic variants associated with anxiety and depression at genome-wide significance level (p < 5 × 10-8) were obtained from large-scale genome-wide association studies (Nmax = 1,306,354). Genetic results of poststroke outcome were obtained from Genetics of Ischemic Stroke Functional Outcome meta-analysis (N = 6,021). Three months after ischemic stroke event, the functional outcome was appraised with the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score, and a mRS >2 was defined as worse functional outcome. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs are reported for the association of genetically predicted anxiety and depression with functional outcome after ischemic stroke. The inverse-variance weighted method was adopted to pool estimates. Alternative MR methods such as the weighted median and MR using the Robust Adjusted Profile Score were used as sensitivity analyses. The intercept of MR-Egger regression was also adopted to assess pleiotropy. The heterogeneity among variants was assessed by I2 and Q statistics. RESULTS Genetic liability to depression was associated with worse functional outcome after stroke (mRS 3-6, OR 2.30; 95% CI 1.18-4.49, p = 0.015). Sensitivity analyses produced consistent results. The bidirectional MR analysis indicates that poststroke outcome did not influence liability to depression (OR 1.01, 95% CI 0.99-1.03; p = 0.436). By comparison, genetic liability to anxiety was not related with poststroke outcome (OR 1.03; 95% CI 0.71-1.50; p = 0.869). Analyses in models without adjustment for stroke severity also indicated that genetic liability to depression was related with poor functional outcome after ischemic stroke (OR 2.54; 95% CI 1.41-4.58; p = 0.002). No evidence of heterogeneity or directional pleiotropy was observed (p > 0.05). DISCUSSION Our MR study provides evidence to support detrimental effects of depression on ischemic stroke functional outcome. Future studies are warranted to explore whether clinical intervention on depression can ameliorate functional outcome after ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhizhong Zhang
- From the Department of Neurology (Z.Z., X.L., W.Z.), Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University; Department of Neurology (M.W.), The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, China; and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (D.G.), School of Public Health, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Mengmeng Wang
- From the Department of Neurology (Z.Z., X.L., W.Z.), Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University; Department of Neurology (M.W.), The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, China; and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (D.G.), School of Public Health, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Dipender Gill
- From the Department of Neurology (Z.Z., X.L., W.Z.), Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University; Department of Neurology (M.W.), The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, China; and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (D.G.), School of Public Health, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Xinfeng Liu
- From the Department of Neurology (Z.Z., X.L., W.Z.), Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University; Department of Neurology (M.W.), The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, China; and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (D.G.), School of Public Health, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Wusheng Zhu
- From the Department of Neurology (Z.Z., X.L., W.Z.), Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University; Department of Neurology (M.W.), The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, China; and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (D.G.), School of Public Health, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
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Liu Q, Liu Y, Feng H, Zhao L, Wan T. Exploring genetic associations in systemic lupus erythematosus through Mendelian randomization: implications for novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Clin Rheumatol 2024:10.1007/s10067-024-07094-0. [PMID: 39126578 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-024-07094-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by a significant health burden. There is an essential need for novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets to improve diagnosis and management. Mendelian randomization (MR) was applied to explore causal links between SLE and various biomarkers like immune cells, metabolites, and inflammatory cytokines using multiple databases. Initially, biomarkers significantly associated with SLE were identified. Bidirectional MR helped clarify these relationships, and a two-step mediation MR examined their effects on SLE risk. Intersection analysis was used to identify biomarkers with consistent effects across datasets. Four biomarkers were identified as having significant associations with SLE risk: 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-GPI levels [odds ratio (OR), 1.379; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.180 to 1.613; FDR, 0.046], IL-17A levels (OR, 2.197; 95% CI, 1.412 to 3.418; FDR, 0.044), N-acetyl-aspartyl-glutamate (NAAG) levels (OR, 0.882; 95% CI, 0.831 to 0.936; FDR, 0.030), and ribitol levels (OR, 0.743; 95% CI, 0.644 to 0.857; FDR, 0.012). Bidirectional MR showed an inverse effect of NAAG on IL-17A levels (OR, 0.978; 95% CI, 0.962 to 0.994; p = 0.006). Mediation analysis indicated that NAAG influenced SLE risk both directly (beta = - 0.108) and indirectly through IL-17A (beta = - 0.018), highlighting the potential mediating role of IL-17A. After expanding the significance criteria to p < 0.05, intersection analysis across multiple datasets revealed 29 biomarkers with consistent beta directions, including 19 potential risk factors (beta > 0) and 10 protective factors (beta < 0) for SLE. This research has revealed significant genetic associations with SLE and demonstrated that IL-17A mediates the relationship between NAAG levels and SLE risk, highlighting potential new targets for personalized therapeutic interventions. Key Points • This study employs MR to identify significant genetic associations between various biomarkers and SLE, providing novel insights into potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets. • Four key biomarkers were identified as significantly associated with SLE risk: 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-GPI, IL-17A, N-acetyl-aspartyl-glutamate (NAAG), and ribitol. • The findings suggest that NAAG levels have a protective effect against SLE, partly mediated through IL-17A, indicating a complex interplay between these biomarkers in the pathogenesis of SLE. • Intersectional analysis across multiple datasets revealed 29 biomarkers with consistent effects on SLE risk, highlighting new directions for future research and potential personalized therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, 8th Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Medical School of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Yuyang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Kunming, China
| | - Hui Feng
- Department of Zhantansi Outpatient, Jingzhong Medical District of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, 8th Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Wan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, 8th Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China.
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Qin C, Zhang W, Xiao C, Qu Y, Xiao J, Wu X, Zhang L, Wang Y, He L, Zhu J, Wang W, Li Y, Sun L, Jiang X. Shared genetic basis connects smoking behaviors and bone health: insights from a genome-wide cross-trait analysis. J Bone Miner Res 2024; 39:918-928. [PMID: 38843381 DOI: 10.1093/jbmr/zjae082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Although the negative association of tobacco smoking with osteoporosis is well-documented, little is known regarding the shared genetic basis underlying these conditions. In this study, we aim to investigate a shared genetic architecture between smoking and heel estimated bone mineral density (eBMD), a reliable proxy for osteoporosis. We conducted a comprehensive genome-wide cross-trait analysis to identify genetic correlation, pleiotropic loci and causal relationship of smoking with eBMD, leveraging summary statistics of the hitherto largest genome-wide association studies conducted in European ancestry for smoking initiation (Nsmoker = 1 175 108, Nnonsmoker = 1 493 921), heaviness (cigarettes per day, N = 618 489), cessation (Ncurrent smoker = 304 244, Nformer smoker = 843 028), and eBMD (N = 426 824). A significant negative global genetic correlation was found for smoking cessation and eBMD (${r}_g$ = -0.051, P = 0.01), while we failed to identify a significant global genetic correlation of smoking initiation or heaviness with eBMD. Partitioning the whole genome into independent blocks, we observed 6 significant shared local signals for smoking and eBMD, with 22q13.1 showing the strongest regional genetic correlation. Such a genetic overlap was further supported by 71 pleiotropic loci identified in the cross-trait meta-analysis. Mendelian randomization identified no causal effect of smoking initiation (beta = -0.003 g/cm2, 95% CI = -0.033 to 0.027) or heaviness (beta = -0.017 g/cm2, 95% CI = -0.072 to 0.038) on eBMD, but a putative causal effect of genetic predisposition to being a current smoker was associated with a lower eBMD compared to former smokers (beta = -0.100 g/cm2, 95% CI = -0.181 to -0.018). Our study demonstrates a pronounced biological pleiotropy as well as a putative causal link between current smoking status and eBMD, providing novel insights into the primary prevention and modifiable intervention of osteoporosis by advocating individuals to avoid, reduce or quit smoking as early as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenjiarui Qin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Wenqiang Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Changfeng Xiao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Yang Qu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Jinyu Xiao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Xueyao Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
- National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 610041, United States
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Yutong Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Lin He
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Jingwei Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Wenzhi Wang
- Department of Osteoporosis/Rheumatology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Lei Sun
- Department of Osteoporosis/Rheumatology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Xia Jiang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Stockholm, 17177, Sweden
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Reed ZE, Wootton RE, Khouja JN, Richardson TG, Sanderson E, Davey Smith G, Munafò MR. Exploring pleiotropy in Mendelian randomisation analyses: What are genetic variants associated with 'cigarette smoking initiation' really capturing? Genet Epidemiol 2024. [PMID: 39099143 DOI: 10.1002/gepi.22583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Genetic variants used as instruments for exposures in Mendelian randomisation (MR) analyses may have horizontal pleiotropic effects (i.e., influence outcomes via pathways other than through the exposure), which can undermine the validity of results. We examined the extent of this using smoking behaviours as an example. We first ran a phenome-wide association study in UK Biobank, using a smoking initiation genetic instrument. From the most strongly associated phenotypes, we selected those we considered could either plausibly or not plausibly be caused by smoking. We examined associations between genetic instruments for smoking initiation, smoking heaviness and lifetime smoking and these phenotypes in UK Biobank and the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). We conducted negative control analyses among never smokers, including children. We found evidence that smoking-related genetic instruments were associated with phenotypes not plausibly caused by smoking in UK Biobank and (to a lesser extent) ALSPAC. We observed associations with phenotypes among never smokers. Our results demonstrate that smoking-related genetic risk scores are associated with unexpected phenotypes that are less plausibly downstream of smoking. This may reflect horizontal pleiotropy in these genetic risk scores, and we would encourage researchers to exercise caution this when using these and genetic risk scores for other complex behavioural exposures. We outline approaches that could be taken to consider this and overcome issues caused by potential horizontal pleiotropy, for example, in genetically informed causal inference analyses (e.g., MR) it is important to consider negative control outcomes and triangulation approaches, to avoid arriving at incorrect conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe E Reed
- School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Robyn E Wootton
- School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Nic Waals Institute, Lovisenberg Diaconal Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jasmine N Khouja
- School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Tom G Richardson
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Eleanor Sanderson
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - George Davey Smith
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Marcus R Munafò
- School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Lin YL, Yao T, Wang YW, Yu JS, Zhen C, Lin JF, Chen SB. Association between primary biliary cholangitis with diabetes and cardiovascular diseases: A bidirectional multivariable Mendelian randomization study. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2024; 48:102419. [PMID: 38992425 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2024.102419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is an autoimmune disease often accompanied by multisystem damage. This study aimed to explore the causal association between genetically predicted PBC and diabetes, as well as multiple cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). METHODS Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) summary data of PBC in 24,510 individuals of European ancestry from the European Association for the Study of the Liver was used to identify genetically predicted PBC. We conducted 2-sample single-variable Mendelian randomization (SVMR) and multivariable Mendelian randomization (MVMR) to estimate the impacts of PBC on diabetes (N = 17,685 to 318,014) and 20 CVDs from the genetic consortium (N = 171,875 to 1,030,836). RESULTS SVMR provided evidence that genetically predicted PBC is associated with an increased risk of type 1 diabetes (T1D), type 2 diabetes (T2D), myocardial infarction (MI), heart failure (HF), hypertension, atrial fibrillation (AF), stroke, ischemic stroke, and small-vessel ischemic stroke. Additionally, there was no evidence of a causal association between PBC and coronary atherosclerosis. In the MVMR analysis, PBC maintained independent effects on T1D, HF, MI, and small-vessel ischemic stroke in most models. CONCLUSION Our findings revealed the causal effects of PBC on diabetes and 7 CVDs, and no causal relationship was detected between PBC and coronary atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Lu Lin
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Tao Yao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Ying-Wei Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Jia-Sheng Yu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Cheng Zhen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Jia-Feng Lin
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Shui-Bing Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, PR China.
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Ma Q, Xu G. Causal association between cardiovascular proteins and membranous nephropathy: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization. Int Urol Nephrol 2024; 56:2705-2714. [PMID: 38493415 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-024-04004-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Multiple circulating proteins have been reported to participate in human diseases. However, the association between cardiovascular proteins and membranous nephropathy (MN) remained profoundly elusive. METHODS A bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was conducted to explore the causal correlation between ninety cardiovascular proteins and MN. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) data of cardiovascular proteins and MN were all from European research. Inverse variance weighted (IVW) was used as the main approach. Moreover, MR-Egger, weighted median, weighted mode, and simple mode were also performed. Cochrane's Q test, MR-Egger, and MR-PRESSO were conducted for sensitivity analysis. RESULTS According to IVW method, fatty acid-binding protein and thrombomodulin (TM) were identified as risk factors for MN, while a protective role was detected in tissue-type plasminogen activator. Additionally, MN was associated with an elevated level of macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1, stem cell factor, TM, and tissue factor. Reversely, MN was also correlated with a downregulated level of beta-nerve growth factor, Cathepsin D, hepatocyte growth factor, interleukin-6 receptor subunit alpha, macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1, and myeloperoxidase. In the sensitivity analysis, no significant pleiotropy and heterogeneity was detected. CONCLUSION This was the first study to reveal the causal association between cardiovascular proteins and MN. These specific cardiovascular proteins could be novel biomarkers for MN, and is helpful for timely identify the risk of other diseases that might result from MN. However, further clinical studies are needed to confirm our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiqi Ma
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, No. 1, Minde Road, Donghu District, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Gaosi Xu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, No. 1, Minde Road, Donghu District, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China.
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Wang Z, Dou Y, Chen L, Feng W, Zou Y, Xiao J, Wang J, Zou Z. Mendelian randomization identifies causal effects of major depressive disorder on accelerated aging. J Affect Disord 2024; 358:422-431. [PMID: 38750800 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.05.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence links major depressive disorder (MDD) with aging, but it's unclear if MDD accelerates aging and what factors mediate this transition. METHODS Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were applied to estimate the causal association between MDD and frailty index (FI), telomere length (TL), and appendicular lean mass (ALM) from available genome-wide association studies in populations of European ancestry. Furthermore, we conducted mediation MR analyses to assess the mediating effects of 31 lifestyle factors or diseases on the causal relationship between MDD and aging. RESULTS MDD was significantly causally associated with increased FI (βIVW = 0.23, 95 % CI = 0.18 to 0.28, p = 1.20 × 10-17), shorter TL (βIVW = -0.04, 95 % CI = -0.07 to -0.01, p = 0.01), and decreased ALM (βIVW = -0.07, 95 % CI = -0.11 to -0.03, p = 3.54 × 10-4). The mediation analysis through two-step MR revealed smoking initiation (9.09 %), hypertension (6.67 %) and heart failure (5.36 %) mediated the causal effect of MDD on FI. Additionally, alcohol use disorders and alcohol dependence on the causal relationship between MDD and TL were found to be 17.52 % and 17.13 % respectively. LIMITATIONS Confounding, statistical power, and Euro-centric focus limit generalization. CONCLUSION Overall, individuals with MDD may be at a higher risk of experiencing premature aging, and this risk is partially influenced by the pathways involving smoking, alcohol use, and cardiovascular health. It underscores the importance of early intervention and comprehensive health management in individuals with MDD to promote healthy aging and overall well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuxing Wang
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, China; Key Laboratory of Psychosomatic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu 610072, China.
| | - Yikai Dou
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lili Chen
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, China; Key Laboratory of Psychosomatic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Wenqian Feng
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, China; Key Laboratory of Psychosomatic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Yazhu Zou
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, China; Key Laboratory of Psychosomatic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Jun Xiao
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, China; Key Laboratory of Psychosomatic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Jinyu Wang
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, China; Key Laboratory of Psychosomatic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Zhili Zou
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, China; Key Laboratory of Psychosomatic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu 610072, China.
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Chen HW, Huang RD, Li LH, Zhou R, Cao BF, Liu K, Wang SA, Zhong Q, Wei YF, Wu XB. Impact of healthy lifestyle on the incidence and progression trajectory of mental disorders: A prospective study in the UK Biobank. J Affect Disord 2024; 358:383-390. [PMID: 38735583 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.05.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Healthier lifestyle decreased the risk of mental disorders (MDs) such as depression and anxiety. However, research on the effects of a comprehensive healthy lifestyle on their progression is lacking. METHODS 385,704 individuals without baseline MDs from the UK Biobank cohort were included. A composite healthy lifestyle score was computed by assessing alcohol intake, smoking status, television viewing time, physical activity, sleep duration, fruit and vegetable intake, oily fish intake, red meat intake, and processed meat intake. Follow-up utilized hospital and death register records. Multistate model was used to examine the role of healthy lifestyle on the progression of specific MDs, while a piecewise Cox regression model was utilized to assess the influence of healthy lifestyle across various phases of disease progression. RESULTS Higher lifestyle score reduced risks of transitions from baseline to anxiety and depression, as well as from anxiety and depression to comorbidity, with corresponding hazard ratios (HR) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI) of 0.94 (0.93, 0.95), 0.90 (0.89, 0.91), 0.94 (0.91, 0.98), and 0.95 (0.92, 0.98), respectively. Healthier lifestyle decreased the risk of transitioning from anxiety to comorbidity within 2 years post-diagnosis, with HR 0.93 (0.88, 0.98). Higher lifestyle scores at 2-4 years and 4-6 years post-depression onset were associated with reduced risk of comorbidity, with HR 0.93 (0.87, 0.99) and 0.92 (0.86, 0.99), respectively. LIMITATION The generalizability to other ethnic groups is limited. CONCLUSION This study observed a protective role of holistic healthy lifestyle in the trajectory of MDs and contributed to identifying critical progression windows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Wen Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Rui-Dian Huang
- Public Health Division, Hospital of Zhongluotan Town, Baiyun District, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Liang-Hua Li
- Public Health Division, Hospital of Zhongluotan Town, Baiyun District, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Bi-Fei Cao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Kuan Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Shi-Ao Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Qi Zhong
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yan-Fei Wei
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xian-Bo Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), Guangzhou 510515, China.
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10
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Cao H, Wu H, Wang P, Zhang H, Wang S. Association between periodontal disease and schizophrenia: a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:17391. [PMID: 39075078 PMCID: PMC11286959 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65181-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
The connection between periodontal disease (PD) and schizophrenia (SCZ) has been reported in observational studies, but it remains unclear. This research aims to examine the bidirectional causal impacts between PD and SCZ. The FinnGen consortium supplied summarized data on PD for 346,731 individuals (87,497 cases and 259,234 controls) of Finnish ancestry, and information on SCZ was acquired from the OpenGWAS repository, encompassing 127,906 individuals (52,017 cases and 75,889 controls) of European ancestry. Next, we conducted Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to establish a causal inference relationship between PD and SCZ. The inverse variance weighted (IVW) method was utilized as the primary analysis. Additionally, some sensitivity analyses were utilized to verify the stability of the results. The analysis of IVW results indicated no impact of PD on SCZ (IVW OR = 1.10, 95% CI 0.97-1.24, P = 0.14). Nevertheless, the inverse relationship between PD and SCZ was identified through reverse MR analysis (IVW OR = 1.03, 95% CI 1.01-1.05, P = 0.002). The findings from MR-Egger, weighted median, simple mode, and weighted mode approaches aligned with the outcomes of the IVW method. Based on sensitivity analyses, horizontal pleiotropy is unlikely to distort causal estimates. This study presented the initial proof of a genetic causal relationship between SCZ and PD, albeit with a minimal impact. Further exploration is needed to gain a deeper understanding of this relationship. Furthermore, no genetic causal relationship between PD and SCZ was identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Cao
- Department of Urology II, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Urology II, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Pengyu Wang
- Department of Urology II, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Haiyang Zhang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
| | - Song Wang
- Department of Urology II, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
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11
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Guo W, Guo Y, Song S, Huang X, Zhang Y, Zhang A, Meng F, Chang M, Wang Z. Causal effect of the age at first birth with depression: a mendelian randomization study. BMC Med Genomics 2024; 17:192. [PMID: 39049090 PMCID: PMC11270952 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-024-01966-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to explore the causal relationship between age at first birth (AFB) and depression. METHODS Using the univariable Mendelian randomization (UVMR) and multivariable Mendelian randomization (MVMR) methods to examine the potential correlation between age at first birth (AFB) and major depressive disorder and postpartum depression. A public database was used to obtain the genome-wide association studies (GWAS) summary data. We put inverse-variance-weighted (IVW) as the primary method in Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis and used sensitivity analysis to confirm the robustness of our result. RESULTS We found a significant causal association between AFB and major depressive disorder by using the IVW algorithm (odd ratio [OR] 0.826; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.793 - 0.861; P = 4.51 × 10- 20). MR-Egger, weighted median, simple mode and weighted mode method concluded the same result (P < 0.05). During the sensitivity analysis, the heterogeneity test (Q-value = 55.061, df = 48, P = 2.81 × 10- 01, I2 = 12.82%) and the leave-one-out plot analysis confirmed the stability of the results. The outcomes of the pleiotropy test (MR-Egger intercept = 8.932 × 10- 3. SE = 6.909 × 10- 3. P = 2.02 × 10- 01) and MR_PRESSO global test (P = 2.03 × 10- 01) indicated there is no pleiotropy. CONCLUSION There is solid evidence that a higher age at first birth is associated with a lower risk of major depressive disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanshu Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150000, China
- Center for Bioinformatics, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Yuanyuan Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150000, China
- Center for Bioinformatics, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Shaokang Song
- Yebio Bioengineering Co., Ltd of Qingdao, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Xuankai Huang
- Da Bei Nong Food Group , Breeding Center , Harbin, 150000, Heilongjiang, China
- Branch of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2, Heyi St, Longsha District, Qiqihaer, 161005, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150000, China
- Center for Bioinformatics, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Aizhen Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150000, China
- Center for Bioinformatics, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Fangrong Meng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150000, China
- Center for Bioinformatics, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Minghang Chang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150000, China
- Center for Bioinformatics, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Zhipeng Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150000, China.
- Center for Bioinformatics, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150000, China.
- Da Bei Nong Food Group , Breeding Center , Harbin, 150000, Heilongjiang, China.
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12
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Hu X, Xie S, Yi X, Ouyang Y, Zhao W, Yang Z, Zhang Z, Wang L, Huang X, Peng M, Yu F. Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization of Causal Relationship between Inflammatory Cytokines and Different Pathological Types of Lung Cancer. J Cancer 2024; 15:4969-4984. [PMID: 39132165 PMCID: PMC11310887 DOI: 10.7150/jca.98301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Prior research has proposed a potential association between lung cancer and inflammatory cytokines, yet the specific causal relationship remains unclear, especially across various lung cancer pathologies. This study utilized bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) to explore these causal connections, unveiling novel insights. Our research revealed distinctive inflammatory cytokine profiles for each subtype of lung cancer and identified potential biomarkers that could refine diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. We applied two-sample Mendelian randomization, leveraging genetic variance data from three extensive genome-wide association studies (GWAS) focusing on different lung cancer types (lung adenocarcinoma: 1590 cases and 314,193 controls of healthy individuals of European descent; lung squamous cell carcinoma: 1510 cases and 314,193 controls of European ancestry; small cell lung cancer: 717 cases and 314,193 controls of European ancestry). A separate GWAS summary on inflammatory cytokines from 8,293 healthy participants was also included. The inverse variance weighting method was utilized to examine causal relationships, with robustness confirmed through multiple sensitivity analyses, including MR-Egger, weighted median, and MR-PRESSO. Our analysis revealed that elevated levels of IL_1RA were associated with an increased risk of lung adenocarcinoma (OR: 1.29, 95% CI: 1.02-1.64, p = 0.031), while higher MCP_1_MCAF levels correlated with a decreased risk of lung squamous cell carcinoma (OR: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.61-0.98, p = 0.031). Furthermore, IL_10, IL_13, and TRAIL levels were positively associated with lung squamous cell carcinoma risk (IL_10: OR: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.06-1.53, p = 0.012; IL_13: OR: 1.15, 95% CI: 1.06-1.53, p = 0.036; TRAIL: OR: 1.15, 95% CI: 1.06-1.53, p = 0.043). No association was found between inflammatory cytokine levels and small cell lung cancer development, whereas SDF_1A and B-NGF were linked to an increased risk of this cancer type (SDF_1A: OR: 1.13, 95% CI: 1.05-1.21, p = 0.001; B-NGF: OR: 1.13, 95% CI: 1.01-1.27, p = 0.029). No significant relationship was observed between the 41 circulating inflammatory cytokines and lung adenocarcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma development. Our findings indicate distinct associations between specific inflammatory cytokines and different types of lung cancer. Elevated IL_1RA levels are a risk marker for lung adenocarcinoma, whereas higher MCP_1_MCAF levels appear protective against lung squamous cell carcinoma. Conversely, elevated levels of IL_10, IL_13, and TRAIL are linked with an increased risk of lung squamous cell carcinoma. The relationships of SDF_1A and B-NGF with small-cell lung cancer highlight the complexity of inflammatory markers in cancer development. This study provides a nuanced understanding of the role of inflammatory cytokines in lung cancer, underscoring their potential in refining diagnosis and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Muyun Peng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Fenglei Yu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China
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13
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Hislop JM, Went M, Mills C, Sud A, Law PJ, Houlston RS. Using Mendelian Randomisation to search for modifiable risk factors influencing the development of clonal haematopoiesis. Blood Cancer J 2024; 14:114. [PMID: 39013866 PMCID: PMC11252326 DOI: 10.1038/s41408-024-01101-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Hislop
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.
| | - Molly Went
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Charlie Mills
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Amit Sud
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Centre for Immuno-Oncology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Philip J Law
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Richard S Houlston
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
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14
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Xuan Z, Chen X, Zhou W, Shen Y, Sun Z, Zhang H, Yao Z. Exploring causal correlations between circulating cytokines and atopic dermatitis: a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1367958. [PMID: 39055710 PMCID: PMC11269137 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1367958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Numerous observational studies have reported associations between circulating cytokines and atopic dermatitis (AD); however, the causal relationships between them remain unclear. To explore the causal correlations and direction of causal effects between AD and levels of 91 circulating cytokines. Methods Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were conducted to examine the causal relationships between 91 circulating cytokines and AD using summary statistics from genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Reverse MR analyses were performed to investigate reverse causation. Pleiotropy and heterogeneity tests were conducted to assess the robustness of the findings. Additional transcriptome database and clinical peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) samples were utilized to validate the results of MR analyses. Results Levels of interleukin (IL)-13, IL-18 Receptor 1, Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 14 (TNFSF14), TNF-related activation-induced cytokine (TRANCE), C-X-C motif chemokine (CXCL)11, IL-33, TNF-beta and CD5 were suggestively associated with the risk of AD (odds ratio, OR: 1.202, 95% CI: 1.018-1.422, p = 0.030; OR: 1.029, 95% CI: 1.029-1.157, p = 0.004; OR: 1.159, 95% CI: 1.018-1.320, p = 0.026; OR: 1.111, 95% CI: 1.016-1.214, p = 0.020; OR: 0.878, 95% CI: 0.783-0.984, p = 0.025; OR: 0.809, 95% CI: 0.661-0.991, p = 0.041; OR: 0.945, 95% CI: 0.896-0.997, p = 0.038; OR: 0.764, 95% CI: 0.652-0.895, p = 8.26e-04). In addition, levels of cytokines including Axin-1, CXCL5, CXCL10, Oncostatin-M (OSM), Sulfotransferase 1A1 (SULT1A1) and TNFSF14 were suggested to be consequences of AD (Beta: -0.080, p = 0.016; Beta: -0.062, p = 0.036; Beta: -0.066, p = 0.049; Beta: -0.073, p = 0.013; Beta: -0.089, p = 0.008; Beta: -0.079, p = 0.031). IL-13, IL-18R1, TNFSF14, and TRANCE were upregulated in both lesional skin biopsies and PBMCs from AD patients. Conclusion The study indicates that several cytokines, including IL-13, IL-18R1, TNFSF14, TRANCE, CXCL11, IL-33, TNF-beta, and CD5, are upstream of AD development, whereas a few circulating cytokines are potentially downstream in the development of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenquan Xuan
- Dermatology Center, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuanyi Chen
- Dermatology Center, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weinan Zhou
- Dermatology Center, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yihang Shen
- Dermatology Center, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhe Sun
- Dermatology Center, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Dermatology Center, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhirong Yao
- Dermatology Center, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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15
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Kasyanov E, Pinakhina D, Rakitko A, Vergasova E, Yermakovich D, Rukavishnikov G, Malyshko L, Popov Y, Kovalenko E, Ilinskaya A, Kim A, Plotnikov N, Neznanov N, Ilinsky V, Kibitov A, Mazo G. Genetic Associations of Anhedonia: Insights into Overlap of Mental and Somatic Disorders. CONSORTIUM PSYCHIATRICUM 2024; 5:5-15. [PMID: 39072000 PMCID: PMC11272301 DOI: 10.17816/cp15494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anhedonia is characterized by a reduced ability to anticipate, experience, and/or learn about pleasure. This phenomenon has a transdiagnostic nature and is one of the key symptoms of mood disorders, schizophrenia, addictions, and somatic conditions. AIM To evaluate the genetic architecture of anhedonia and its overlap with other mental disorders and somatic conditions. METHODS We performed a genome-wide association study of anhedonia on a sample of 4,520 individuals from a Russian non-clinical population. Using the available summary statistics, we calculated polygenic risk scores (PRS) to investigate the genetic relationship between anhedonia and other psychiatric or somatic phenotypes. RESULTS No variants with a genome-wide significant association were identified. PRS for major depression, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia were significantly associated with anhedonia. Conversely, no significant associations were found between PRS for anxiety and anhedonia, which aligns well with existing clinical evidence. None of the PRS for somatic phenotypes attained a significance level after correction for multiple comparisons. A nominal significance for the anhedonia association was determined for omega-3 fatty acids, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and Crohn's disease. CONCLUSION Anhedonia has a complex polygenic architecture, and its presence in somatic diseases or normal conditions may be due to a genetic predisposition to mood disorders or schizophrenia.
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Guo Y, Yan J. Association between tobacco smoke exposure and depression: the NHANES 2005-2018 and Mendelian randomization study. Arch Public Health 2024; 82:100. [PMID: 38961510 PMCID: PMC11221044 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-024-01322-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The relationship between tobacco smoke exposure (TSE) and depression is controversial. This study combined observational research and Mendelian randomization (MR) to explore the relationship of depression with both smoking status and cotinine levels. METHOD We collected relevant data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database from 2005 to 2018, and used weighted multifactorial logistic regression modelling to assess the correlation between TSE and depression, and assessed the causal relationship of depression with both smoking status and cotinine levels by MR. RESULT Current smokers had the highest risk of depression (OR 1.94; P < 0.01); there was a positive trend for correlation between daily smoking and depression (OR 1.66; P for trend < 0.01). Serum ketamine levels above 3.00 ng/ml had a higher risk of depression (OR 2.13; P < 0.001). MR results showed that current smoking (OR = 4.66; P < 0.001) and previous smoking (OR 2.09; P < 0.01) were risk factors for the onset of depression, and that there was no causal association between cotinine levels and depression. CONCLUSION Smoking is significantly associated with depression and plays a potential causal role in the development of depression. Cotinine was significantly associated with depression, however MR results showed no causal relationship between cotinine and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yikun Guo
- Department of Respiratory, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100700, China
- Beijing University of Chinese medicine, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jun Yan
- Department of Respiratory, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100700, China.
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17
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Huang Z, Peng S, Cen T, Wang X, Ma L, Cao Z. Association between biological ageing and periodontitis: Evidence from a cross-sectional survey and multi-omics Mendelian randomization analysis. J Clin Periodontol 2024. [PMID: 38956929 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.14040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the relationship and potential causality between biological ageing and periodontitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS We obtained the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics as well as single-cell sequencing data. Multivariate regression analysis based on cross-sectional data, Mendelian randomization (MR) and multi-omics integration analysis were employed to explore the causal association and potential molecular mechanisms between biological ageing and periodontitis. Additionally, two-step MR mediation analysis explored the risk factors in biological ageing-mediated periodontitis. RESULTS We analysed data from 3189 participants in the NHANES data and found that higher biological age was associated with increased risk of periodontitis. MR analyses revealed causal associations between biological age measures and periodontitis risk. Frailty (odds ratio [OR] = 2.08, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.04-4.18, p = .039) and GrimAge acceleration (OR = 1.16, 95% CI: 1.01-1.32, p = .033) were causally associated with periodontitis risk, and these results were validated in a large-scale meta-periodontitis GWAS dataset. Additionally, the risk effects of body mass index, waist circumference and lifetime smoking on periodontitis were partially mediated by frailty and GrimAge acceleration. CONCLUSIONS Evidence from cross-sectional survey and MR analysis suggests that biological ageing increases the risk of periodontitis. Additionally, improving the associated risk factors can help prevent both ageing and periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhendong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Simin Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ting Cen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Periodontology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Periodontology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhengguo Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Periodontology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Guo T, Xie H. Gastroesophageal Reflux and Chronic Rhinosinusitis: A Mendelian Randomization Study. Laryngoscope 2024; 134:3086-3092. [PMID: 38174811 DOI: 10.1002/lary.31258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is associated with gastroesophageal reflux (GERD). However, the causal relationship is controversial. We conducted a two-sample Mendelian Randomization (MR) analysis to explore this potential association. METHODS Based on genome-wide association studies (GWAS), a univariable MR was performed to explore the causal relationship of GERD with CRS. Instrumental variables (IVs) pertinent to anti-GERD treatment were employed as a means of validation. The primary MR outcome was established using an inverse variance weighted (IVW) method, supplemented by multiple sensitivity analyses. Subsequently, a multivariable MR was conducted to account for potential confounding variables, thereby ascertaining a direct effect of GERD on CRS. Finally, a network MR analysis was carried out to elucidate the mediating role of asthma in the relationship between GERD and CRS. RESULTS The univariable MR demonstrated an association between GERD and an elevated risk of CRS (IVW OR = 1.30, 95% CI = 1.18-1.45, p = 4.19 × 10-7). Omeprazole usage was associated with a reduction in CRS risk (IVW OR = 0.64, 95% CI = 0.42-0.98, p = 0.039). The causal relationship between GERD and CRS remained after adjusting for potential confounders, such as smoking characteristics, body mass index, asthma, allergic rhinitis, in the multivariable MR analysis. Besides, the proportion of the causal effect of GERD on CRS mediated by asthma was 19.65% (95% CI = 2.69%-36.62%). CONCLUSION GERD was independently associated with an increased risk of CRS. The mediating role of asthma between GERD and CRS also reveals that GERD is one of the mechanisms underlying unified airway disease. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3 Laryngoscope, 134:3086-3092, 2024.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Guo
- Clinical Medical College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui Xie
- Clinical Medical College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Xiong Z, Yuan C, Yang M, Wang M, Jian Z. Risk Factors for Pelvic Organ Prolapse: Wide-Angled Mendelian Randomization Analysis. Int Urogynecol J 2024; 35:1405-1411. [PMID: 38801553 DOI: 10.1007/s00192-024-05807-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS We hypothesized that some metabolic factors, lifestyle factors, and socioeconomic factors may have a causal effect on pelvic organ prolapse (POP). METHODS We selected instruments from corresponding genome-wide association studies (GWAS), which identified independent single nucleotide polymorphisms strongly associated with 12 potential risk factors. Summary statistics for POP were derived from two GWAS datasets, serving for discovery and replication stage. The primary analysis involved the use of the inverse-variance weighting mendelian randomization (MR) method, with additional sensitivity MR analyses conducted. RESULTS The univariable mendelian randomization (UVMR) analysis in both the discovery and replication stage provided evidence for significant causal effects between higher waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for body mass index (WHRadjBMI) levels, lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels, and lower educational attainment and higher POP risk, as well as a suggestive positive causal effect between triglycerides and POP. The multivariable mendelian randomization (MVMR) analysis showed that only HDL-C among the three blood lipid fractions could reduce the risk of POP. Mediation analysis indicated that HDL-C may partially mediate the effect of WHRadjBMI on POP risk, and the causal effect between educational attainment and POP may be mediated through WHRadjBMI and HDL-C. CONCLUSIONS Our study's evidence supported a causal relationship between WHRadjBMI, triglycerides, HDL-C, educational attainment, and POP risk. This highlights that clinicians may guide the general female population to control obesity and blood lipid levels to reduce the risk of POP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheyu Xiong
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology) and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.37 Guoxue Alley, Wuhou District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chi Yuan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengzhu Yang
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology) and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.37 Guoxue Alley, Wuhou District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Menghua Wang
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology) and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.37 Guoxue Alley, Wuhou District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongyu Jian
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology) and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.37 Guoxue Alley, Wuhou District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China.
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20
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Kiviruusu O, Berg N, Piirtola M, Viertiö S, Suvisaari J, Korhonen T, Marttunen M. Life-Course Associations Between Smoking and Depressive Symptoms. A 30-Year Finnish Follow-up Study. Nicotine Tob Res 2024; 26:843-851. [PMID: 38243907 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntae012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Relatively little is known about whether the association between smoking and depressive symptoms changes with age and how the trajectories of smoking and depressive symptoms are intertwined during the life course. In this population-based study, these associations were examined from young adulthood to middle age. METHODS Participants of a Finnish cohort study (N = 1955) were assessed at the ages of 22, 32, 42, and 52 using questionnaires covering daily smoking (yes/no) and the short 13-item Beck Depression Inventory. Longitudinal latent class and longitudinal latent profile analyses were used to identify life course trajectories of smoking and depressive symptoms. RESULTS The proportions of daily smokers decreased, while levels of depressive symptoms increased among both females and males from age 22 to 52 years. Smoking was associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms from age 22 to 42 years, while not at 52. Associations among males prevailed when adjusting for education, marital status, and alcohol use. Four life course classes of daily smoking (nonsmokers, decreasing prevalence of smoking, persistent smokers, and increasing prevalence of smoking) and four trajectories of depressive symptoms (low, increasing/moderate, decreasing/moderate, and high) were identified. In males, persistent daily smokers (relative risk ratio (RRR) = 4.5, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.2 to 9.2) and those in the class with increasing smoking prevalence (RRR = 3.2, 95% CI: 1.1 to 9.1) had an increased risk of belonging to the high depressive symptoms profile. In females these associations were nonsignificant. CONCLUSIONS Compared to females, the relationship between smoking and depressive symptoms seems more robust among males during adulthood. Specifically, males smoking persistently from young adulthood to middle age have an increased risk of high depressive symptoms trajectory. IMPLICATIONS This population-based cohort with 30 years of follow-up showed that the life course trajectories of daily smoking and depressive symptoms are associated. Persistent daily smokers and those starting late had an increased risk of belonging to the profile with constantly high levels of depressive symptoms during the life course. However, these associations were statistically significant only in males. Actions should be strengthened, especially in males, to prevent smoking initiation, to help smoking cessation, and to identify and treat depression in smokers with significant depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olli Kiviruusu
- Mental Health Team, Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Noora Berg
- Mental Health Team, Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Lifestyle and Rehabilitation in Long-Term Illness, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maarit Piirtola
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research , Tampere, Finland
| | - Satu Viertiö
- Mental Health Team, Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaana Suvisaari
- Mental Health Team, Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tellervo Korhonen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mauri Marttunen
- Mental Health Team, Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Lloyd K, Harrison S, Sallis HM, Davey Smith G, Munafò MR, Wootton RE. Exploring the Bidirectional Causal Pathways Between Smoking Behaviors and Headache: A Mendelian Randomization Study. Nicotine Tob Res 2024; 26:903-912. [PMID: 37702655 PMCID: PMC11190053 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntad173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although observational data suggest a relationship between headache and smoking, there remain questions about causality. Smoking may increase headache risk, individuals may smoke to alleviate headaches, or smoking and headache may share common risk factors. Mendelian randomization (MR) is a method that uses genetic variants as instruments for making causal inferences about an exposure and an outcome. AIMS AND METHODS First, we conducted logistic regression of observational data in UK Biobank assessing the association between smoking behaviors (smoking status, cigarettes per day amongst daily smokers, and lifetime smoking score) on the risk of self-reported headache (in the last month and for more than 3 months). Second, we used genetic instruments for smoking behaviors and headache (identified in independent genome-wide association studies [GWAS]) to perform bidirectional MR analysis. RESULTS Observationally, there is a weak association between smoking behavior and experiencing headache, with increased cigarettes per day associated with increased headache risk. In the MR analysis, genetic liability to smoking initiation and lifetime smoking increased odds of headache in the last month but not odds of headaches lasting more than 3 months. In the opposite direction, there was weak evidence for higher genetic liability to headaches decreasing the chance of quitting. CONCLUSIONS There was weak evidence for a partially bidirectional causal relationship between smoking behaviors and headache in the last month. Given this relationship is distinct from smoking heaviness, it suggests headache and smoking may share common risk factors such as personality traits. IMPLICATIONS Using MR, this study addresses the uncertainty regarding the observed relationship between headache and smoking. There was evidence for weak causal effects of smoking initiation and lifetime smoking (but not smoking heaviness) on likelihood of experiencing headache in the last month, but not over a prolonged period of more than 3 months. Those with higher genetic liability to headaches were also less likely to successfully stop smoking. This partially bidirectional causal relationship distinct from smoking heaviness suggests that observed associations are unlikely due to biological effects of tobacco smoke exposure and may be explained by shared personality traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Lloyd
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Sean Harrison
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol, UK
| | - Hannah M Sallis
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol, UK
- School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - George Davey Smith
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol, UK
- School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Marcus R Munafò
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol, UK
- School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Robyn E Wootton
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol, UK
- School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Nic Waals Institute, Lovisenberg Diaconal Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Rosoff DB, Hamandi AM, Bell AS, Mavromatis LA, Park LM, Jung J, Wagner J, Lohoff FW. Major Psychiatric Disorders, Substance Use Behaviors, and Longevity. JAMA Psychiatry 2024:2820199. [PMID: 38888899 PMCID: PMC11195603 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2024.1429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Importance Observational studies suggest that major psychiatric disorders and substance use behaviors reduce longevity, making it difficult to disentangle their relationships with aging-related outcomes. Objective To evaluate the associations between the genetic liabilities for major psychiatric disorders, substance use behaviors (smoking and alcohol consumption), and longevity. Design, Settings, and Participants This 2-sample mendelian randomization (MR) study assessed associations between psychiatric disorders, substance use behaviors, and longevity using single-variable and multivariable models. Multiomics analyses were performed elucidating transcriptomic underpinnings of the MR associations and identifying potential proteomic therapeutic targets. This study sourced summary-level genome-wide association study (GWAS) data, gene expression, and proteomic data from cohorts of European ancestry. Analyses were performed from May 2022 to November 2023. Exposures Genetic susceptibility for major depression (n = 500 199), bipolar disorder (n = 413 466), schizophrenia (n = 127 906), problematic alcohol use (n = 435 563), weekly alcohol consumption (n = 666 978), and lifetime smoking index (n = 462 690). Main Outcomes and Measures The main outcome encompassed aspects of health span, lifespan, and exceptional longevity. Additional outcomes were epigenetic age acceleration (EAA) clocks. Results Findings from multivariable MR models simultaneously assessing psychiatric disorders and substance use behaviorsm suggest a negative association between smoking and longevity in cohorts of European ancestry (n = 709 709; 431 503 [60.8%] female; β, -0.33; 95% CI, -0.38 to -0.28; P = 4.59 × 10-34) and with increased EAA (n = 34 449; 18 017 [52.3%] female; eg, PhenoAge: β, 1.76; 95% CI, 0.72 to 2.79; P = 8.83 × 10-4). Transcriptomic imputation and colocalization identified 249 genes associated with smoking, including 36 novel genes not captured by the original smoking GWAS. Enriched pathways included chromatin remodeling and telomere assembly and maintenance. The transcriptome-wide signature of smoking was inversely associated with longevity, and estimates of individual smoking-associated genes, eg, XRCC3 and PRMT6, aligned with the smoking-longevity MR analyses, suggesting underlying transcriptomic mediators. Cis-instrument MR prioritized brain proteins associated with smoking behavior, including LY6H (β, 0.02; 95% CI, 0.01 to 0.03; P = 2.37 × 10-6) and RIT2 (β, 0.02; 95% CI, 0.01 to 0.03; P = 1.05 × 10-5), which had favorable adverse-effect profiles across 367 traits evaluated in phenome-wide MR. Conclusions The findings suggest that the genetic liability of smoking, but not of psychiatric disorders, is associated with longevity. Transcriptomic associations offer insights into smoking-related pathways, and identified proteomic targets may inform therapeutic development for smoking cessation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel B. Rosoff
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, NIH-Oxford-Cambridge Scholars Program, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ali M. Hamandi
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Andrew S. Bell
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Lucas A. Mavromatis
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Lauren M. Park
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jeesun Jung
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Josephin Wagner
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Falk W. Lohoff
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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Cui H, Du J, Xue H, Zhao Y, Li C. The causal relationship between smoking, alcohol consumption, and renal clear cell carcinoma: a Mendelian randomization study. Front Genet 2024; 15:1391542. [PMID: 38957811 PMCID: PMC11217166 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1391542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Observational studies have found a correlation between the consumption of tobacco and alcohol and the likelihood of developing renal cell carcinoma. However, whether these associations indicate causal relationships is unclear. Methods: To establish if these connections indicate causal relationships, we performed a Mendelian Randomization (MR) analysis using a two-sample approach. For the number of daily cigarettes, lifetime smoking index, smoking initiation, and weekly drinking, we employed 44, 108, 174, and 76 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as instrumental variables. Outcome data were obtained from the FinnGen Alliance, which included a combined total of 429,290 individuals. The MR analysis was conducted using the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method to estimate causal effects. To address potential violations of MR assumptions due to directional pleiotropy, we performed MR-Egger regression and MR-PRESSO (Mendelian Randomization Pleiotropy RESidual Sum and Outlier) analysis. Results: Genetically influenced smoking initiation was directly associated with the risk of developing renal cell carcinoma (OR = 1.55, 95% CI: 1.04-2.33; p = 0.03). No causal relationship was found between daily cigarette consumption and lifetime smoking index with the risk of renal cell cancer. Genetic predisposition for weekly alcohol consumption showed a reduced risk of renal cell cancer (OR = 0.45, 95% CI: 0.26-0.81; p = 0.007). Discussion: Our study suggests a potential causal relationship between alcohol consumption and reduced risk of renal cell cancer, while no such association was observed with smoking. Further research is needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbin Cui
- Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Fourth Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Junji Du
- Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Fourth Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongbo Xue
- Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Fourth Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yingjian Zhao
- Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Fourth Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Chengwen Li
- Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Fourth Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
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Bergstedt J, Pasman JA, Ma Z, Harder A, Yao S, Parker N, Treur JL, Smit DJA, Frei O, Shadrin AA, Meijsen JJ, Shen Q, Hägg S, Tornvall P, Buil A, Werge T, Hjerling-Leffler J, Als TD, Børglum AD, Lewis CM, McIntosh AM, Valdimarsdóttir UA, Andreassen OA, Sullivan PF, Lu Y, Fang F. Distinct biological signature and modifiable risk factors underlie the comorbidity between major depressive disorder and cardiovascular disease. NATURE CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH 2024; 3:754-769. [PMID: 38898929 PMCID: PMC11182748 DOI: 10.1038/s44161-024-00488-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) are often comorbid, resulting in excess morbidity and mortality. Here we show that CVDs share most of their genetic risk factors with MDD. Multivariate genome-wide association analysis of shared genetic liability between MDD and atherosclerotic CVD revealed seven loci and distinct patterns of tissue and brain cell-type enrichments, suggesting the involvement of the thalamus. Part of the genetic overlap was explained by shared inflammatory, metabolic and psychosocial or lifestyle risk factors. Our data indicated causal effects of genetic liability to MDD on CVD risk, but not from most CVDs to MDD, and showed that the causal effects were partly explained by metabolic and psychosocial or lifestyle factors. The distinct signature of MDD-atherosclerotic CVD comorbidity suggests an immunometabolic subtype of MDD that is more strongly associated with CVD than overall MDD. In summary, we identified biological mechanisms underlying MDD-CVD comorbidity and modifiable risk factors for prevention of CVD in individuals with MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Bergstedt
- Unit of Integrative Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joëlle A. Pasman
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ziyan Ma
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Arvid Harder
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Shuyang Yao
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nadine Parker
- Centre for Precision Psychiatry, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jorien L. Treur
- Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dirk J. A. Smit
- Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Oleksandr Frei
- Centre for Precision Psychiatry, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Bioinformatics, Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Alexey A. Shadrin
- Centre for Precision Psychiatry, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Joeri J. Meijsen
- Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Center Sct. Hans, Mental Health Services Copenhagen, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Qing Shen
- Unit of Integrative Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Shanghai Pudong New Area Mental Health Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute for Advanced Study, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sara Hägg
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Tornvall
- Department of Clinical Science and Education Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alfonso Buil
- Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Center Sct. Hans, Mental Health Services Copenhagen, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Thomas Werge
- Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Center Sct. Hans, Mental Health Services Copenhagen, Roskilde, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Hjerling-Leffler
- Department Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas D. Als
- Department of Molecular Medicine (MOMA), Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anders D. Børglum
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Cathryn M. Lewis
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King’s College London, London, UK
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Andrew M. McIntosh
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Genomics and Experimental Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Unnur A. Valdimarsdóttir
- Unit of Integrative Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA USA
| | - Ole A. Andreassen
- Centre for Precision Psychiatry, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Patrick F. Sullivan
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC USA
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Yi Lu
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fang Fang
- Unit of Integrative Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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25
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Lee HS, Lee YJ, Cho JH, Park DS. Analysis of patient health questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) based depression prevalence according to a discordance between quantitative urinary cotinine levels and self-report of second-hand smoke exposure among adults: A cross-sectional study. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32125. [PMID: 38882351 PMCID: PMC11176832 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Second-hand smoke (SHS) exposure appears to be more common among individuals with depression. However, self-report of SHS exposure is an inaccurate classification compared to confirming SHS exposure using urinary cotinine (UC). Additionally, the dose-response relationship between depression and UC is controversial. Methods The severe stress rate and depression prevalence was estimated among 14530 Korean participants aged ≥19 years using data patient health questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and on UC from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Measured UCs were divided into four categories: UC- (≤0.3 μg/L), UC± (0.4 μg/L-0.9 μg/L), UC+ (1.0 μg/L-11.9 μg/L), and UC++ (≥12.0 μg/L). Results About 55.0 % participants were female and participants' mean age was 51.1 years. Non-smokers were 80.3 %. Among non-smokers, non-SHS exposure participants (SR-) and SHS exposure participants (SR+) were 83.0 % and 17.0 %, respectively. When UC- was used as the reference subgroup, the UC++ subgroup showed a higher depression prevalence, whereas the UC ± subgroup showed a lower prevalence. In the same UC categories, the depression prevalence and severe stress rate were higher among females than among males. Furthermore, the SR + subgroup had a higher severe stress rate than the SR- subgroup. Conclusions Our study showed a paradoxical reduction in the depression prevalence and severe stress rate in the UC ± subgroup compared to the UC- subgroup. Additionally, the dose-response relationship between the SHS exposure biomarker and the depression prevalence was not linear. Our study indicates that an emotional stress-based model may be more appropriate for explaining the relationship between depression and SHS exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Seung Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Institute of Wonkwang Medical Science, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, South Korea
- Wonkwang Institute of Clinical Medicine, Wonkwang University Hospital, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Young-Jin Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Institute of Wonkwang Medical Science, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Ji-Hyun Cho
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Institute of Wonkwang Medical Science, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Do-Sim Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Institute of Wonkwang Medical Science, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, South Korea
- Wonkwang Institute of Clinical Medicine, Wonkwang University Hospital, Iksan, South Korea
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Kouakou MR, Cabrera-Mendoza B, Pathak GA, Cannon TD, Polimanti R. Genetically Informed Study Highlights Income-Independent Effect of Schizophrenia Liability on Mental and Physical Health. Schizophr Bull 2024:sbae093. [PMID: 38848523 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbae093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS Individuals with schizophrenia (SCZ) suffer from comorbidities that substantially reduce their life expectancy. Socioeconomic inequalities could contribute to many of the negative health outcomes associated with SCZ. STUDY DESIGN We investigated genome-wide datasets related to SCZ (52 017 cases and 75 889 controls) from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, household income (HI; N = 361 687) from UK Biobank, and 2202 medical endpoints assessed in up to 342 499 FinnGen participants. A phenome-wide genetic correlation analysis of SCZ and HI was performed, also assessing whether SCZ genetic correlations were influenced by the HI effect on SCZ. Additionally, SCZ and HI direct effects on medical endpoints were estimated using multivariable Mendelian randomization (MR). STUDY RESULTS SCZ and HI showed overlapping genetic correlations with 70 traits (P < 2.89 × 10-5), including mental health, substance use, gastrointestinal illnesses, reproductive outcomes, liver diseases, respiratory problems, and musculoskeletal phenotypes. SCZ genetic correlations with these traits were not affected by the HI effect on SCZ. Considering Bonferroni multiple testing correction (P < 7.14 × 10-4), MR analysis indicated that SCZ and HI may affect medical abortion (SCZ OR = 1.07; HI OR = 0.78), panic disorder (SCZ OR = 1.20; HI OR = 0.60), personality disorders (SCZ OR = 1.31; HI OR = 0.67), substance use (SCZ OR = 1.2; HI OR = 0.68), and adjustment disorders (SCZ OR = 1.18; HI OR = 0.78). Multivariable MR analysis confirmed that SCZ effects on these outcomes were independent of HI. CONCLUSIONS The effect of SCZ genetic liability on mental and physical health may not be strongly affected by socioeconomic differences. This suggests that SCZ-specific strategies are needed to reduce negative health outcomes affecting patients and high-risk individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela R Kouakou
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Brenda Cabrera-Mendoza
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Cooperative Studies Program Clinical Epidemiology Research Center (CSP-CERC), VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Gita A Pathak
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Cooperative Studies Program Clinical Epidemiology Research Center (CSP-CERC), VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Tyrone D Cannon
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Renato Polimanti
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Cooperative Studies Program Clinical Epidemiology Research Center (CSP-CERC), VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
- Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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Kranzler HR, Davis CN, Feinn R, Jinwala Z, Khan Y, Oikonomou A, Silva-Lopez D, Burton I, Dixon M, Milone J, Ramirez S, Shifman N, Levey D, Gelernter J, Hartwell EE, Kember RL. Gene × environment effects and mediation involving adverse childhood events, mood and anxiety disorders, and substance dependence. Nat Hum Behav 2024:10.1038/s41562-024-01885-w. [PMID: 38834750 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-024-01885-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Adverse childhood events (ACEs) contribute to the development of mood and anxiety disorders and substance dependence. However, the extent to which these effects are direct or indirect and whether genetic risk moderates them is unclear. We examined associations among ACEs, mood/anxiety disorders and substance dependence in 12,668 individuals (44.9% female, 42.5% African American/Black, 42.1% European American/white). Using latent variables for each phenotype, we modelled direct and indirect associations of ACEs with substance dependence, mediated by mood/anxiety disorders (the forward or 'self-medication' model) and of ACEs with mood/anxiety disorders, mediated by substance dependence (the reverse or 'substance-induced' model). In a subsample, we tested polygenic scores for the substance dependence and mood/anxiety disorder factors as moderators in the mediation models. Although there were significant indirect paths in both directions, mediation by mood/anxiety disorders (the forward model) was greater than that by substance dependence (the reverse model). Greater genetic risk for substance use disorders was associated with a weaker direct association between ACEs and substance dependence in both ancestry groups (reflecting gene × environment interactions) and a weaker indirect association in European-ancestry individuals (reflecting moderated mediation). We found greater evidence that substance dependence reflects self-medication of mood/anxiety disorders than that mood/anxiety disorders are substance induced. Among individuals at higher genetic risk for substance dependence, ACEs were less associated with that outcome. Following exposure to ACEs, multiple pathways appear to underlie the associations between mood/anxiety disorders and substance dependence. Specification of these pathways could inform individually targeted prevention and treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry R Kranzler
- Center for Studies of Addiction, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Crescenz VAMC, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Christal N Davis
- Center for Studies of Addiction, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Crescenz VAMC, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Richard Feinn
- Department of Medical Sciences, Frank H. Netter School of Medicine at Quinnipiac University, North Haven, CT, USA
| | - Zeal Jinwala
- Center for Studies of Addiction, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Crescenz VAMC, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yousef Khan
- Center for Studies of Addiction, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ariadni Oikonomou
- Center for Studies of Addiction, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Damaris Silva-Lopez
- Center for Studies of Addiction, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Isabel Burton
- Center for Studies of Addiction, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Morgan Dixon
- Center for Studies of Addiction, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jackson Milone
- Center for Studies of Addiction, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sarah Ramirez
- Center for Studies of Addiction, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Naomi Shifman
- Center for Studies of Addiction, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Daniel Levey
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- VA CT Healthcare Center, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Joel Gelernter
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Departments of Genetics and Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- VA CT Healthcare Center, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Emily E Hartwell
- Center for Studies of Addiction, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Crescenz VAMC, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rachel L Kember
- Center for Studies of Addiction, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Crescenz VAMC, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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He H, Liang L, Tian T, Zhang X, Lyu J. Effect of smoking on prostate cancer: Results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003-2018 and Mendelian randomization analyses. Tob Induc Dis 2024; 22:TID-22-100. [PMID: 38835514 PMCID: PMC11149497 DOI: 10.18332/tid/189199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The controversial relationship between smoking and prostate cancer (PCa) risk prompted us to conduct a cross-sectional study using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database and apply Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses in order to clarify the possible causal effect of smoking on PCa risk. METHODS Using univariate and multivariate logistic regression methods, a secondary analysis of the pooled 2003-2018 NHANES dataset was performed to explore the association between smoking and PCa risk. Propensity-score matching was used to reduce selection bias. Then, we conducted subsequent MR analysis study to investigate the potential causal effect of smoking on PCa risk, with genetic variants of four exposure factors including the lifetime smoking index, light smoking, smoking initiation, and the amount of smoking per day obtained from genome-wide association studies, and PCa summary statistics obtained from three database populations. Inverse-variance weighting was the primary analytical method, and weighted median and MR-Egger regression were used for sensitivity analyses. The MR results for the three PCa databases were combined using meta-analysis. RESULTS The study included 16073 NHANES subjects, comprising 554 with PCa and 15519 without PCa. Logistic regression before and after matching did not reveal any significant association. Meta-analysis of the MR results also did not support an association of PCa risk with lifetime smoking index (OR=0.95; 95% CI: 0.83-1.09), light smoking (OR=1.00; 95% CI: 0.95-1.06), smoking initiation (OR=0.99, 95% CI=0.99-1.00), or the amount of smoking per day (OR=1.00; 95% CI: 0.99-1.00) and PCa risk. CONCLUSIONS There was no evidence for an association between smoking and the risk of PCa. Further studies are needed to determine if there are any associations of other forms of smoking with the risk of PCa at different stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hairong He
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Liang Liang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tao Tian
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jun Lyu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Department of Clinical Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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Carrasquilla GD, García-Ureña M, Romero-Lado MJ, Kilpeläinen TO. Estimating causality between smoking and abdominal obesity by Mendelian randomization. Addiction 2024; 119:1024-1034. [PMID: 38509034 DOI: 10.1111/add.16454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Smokers tend to have a lower body weight than non-smokers, but also more abdominal fat. It remains unclear whether or not the relationship between smoking and abdominal obesity is causal. Previous Mendelian randomization (MR) studies have investigated this relationship by relying upon a single genetic variant for smoking heaviness. This approach is sensitive to pleiotropic effects and may produce imprecise causal estimates. We aimed to estimate causality between smoking and abdominal obesity using multiple genetic instruments. DESIGN MR study using causal analysis using summary effect estimates (CAUSE) and latent heritable confounder MR (LHC-MR) methods that instrument smoking using genome-wide data, and also two-sample MR (2SMR) methods. SETTING Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) summary statistics from participants of European ancestry, obtained from the GWAS and Sequencing Consortium of Alcohol and Nicotine use (GSCAN), Genetic Investigation of Anthropometric Traits (GIANT) Consortium and the UK Biobank. PARTICIPANTS We used GWAS results for smoking initiation (n = 1 232 091), life-time smoking (n = 462 690) and smoking heaviness (n = 337 334) as exposure traits, and waist-hip ratio (WHR) and waist and hip circumferences (WC and HC) (n up to 697 734), with and without adjustment for body mass index (adjBMI), as outcome traits. MEASUREMENTS Smoking initiation, life-time smoking, smoking heaviness, WHR, WC, HC, WHRadjBMI, WCadjBMI and HCadjBMI. FINDINGS Both CAUSE and LHC-MR indicated a positive causal effect of smoking initiation on WHR (0.13 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.10, 0.16 and 0.49 (0.41, 0.57), respectively] and WHRadjBMI (0.07 (0.03, 0.10) and 0.31 (0.26, 0.37). Similarly, they indicated a positive causal effect of life-time smoking on WHR [0.35 (0.29, 0.41) and 0.44 (0.38, 0.51)] and WHRadjBMI [0.18 (0.13, 0.24) and 0.26 (0.20, 0.31)]. In follow-up analyses, smoking particularly increased visceral fat. There was no evidence of a mediating role by cortisol or sex hormones. CONCLUSIONS Smoking initiation and higher life-time smoking may lead to increased abdominal fat distribution. The increase in abdominal fat due to smoking is characterized by an increase in visceral fat. Thus, efforts to prevent and cease smoking can have the added benefit of reducing abdominal fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germán D Carrasquilla
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Genomic Mechanisms of Disease, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mario García-Ureña
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - María J Romero-Lado
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tuomas O Kilpeläinen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Genomic Mechanisms of Disease, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Toikumo S, Jennings MV, Pham BK, Lee H, Mallard TT, Bianchi SB, Meredith JJ, Vilar-Ribó L, Xu H, Hatoum AS, Johnson EC, Pazdernik VK, Jinwala Z, Pakala SR, Leger BS, Niarchou M, Ehinmowo M, Jenkins GD, Batzler A, Pendegraft R, Palmer AA, Zhou H, Biernacka JM, Coombes BJ, Gelernter J, Xu K, Hancock DB, Cox NJ, Smoller JW, Davis LK, Justice AC, Kranzler HR, Kember RL, Sanchez-Roige S. Multi-ancestry meta-analysis of tobacco use disorder identifies 461 potential risk genes and reveals associations with multiple health outcomes. Nat Hum Behav 2024; 8:1177-1193. [PMID: 38632388 PMCID: PMC11199106 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-024-01851-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Tobacco use disorder (TUD) is the most prevalent substance use disorder in the world. Genetic factors influence smoking behaviours and although strides have been made using genome-wide association studies to identify risk variants, most variants identified have been for nicotine consumption, rather than TUD. Here we leveraged four US biobanks to perform a multi-ancestral meta-analysis of TUD (derived via electronic health records) in 653,790 individuals (495,005 European, 114,420 African American and 44,365 Latin American) and data from UK Biobank (ncombined = 898,680). We identified 88 independent risk loci; integration with functional genomic tools uncovered 461 potential risk genes, primarily expressed in the brain. TUD was genetically correlated with smoking and psychiatric traits from traditionally ascertained cohorts, externalizing behaviours in children and hundreds of medical outcomes, including HIV infection, heart disease and pain. This work furthers our biological understanding of TUD and establishes electronic health records as a source of phenotypic information for studying the genetics of TUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvanus Toikumo
- Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Crescenz VAMC, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mariela V Jennings
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin K Pham
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Hyunjoon Lee
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Travis T Mallard
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Precision Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sevim B Bianchi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - John J Meredith
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Laura Vilar-Ribó
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Heng Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alexander S Hatoum
- Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Emma C Johnson
- Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Zeal Jinwala
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shreya R Pakala
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Brittany S Leger
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Maria Niarchou
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Greg D Jenkins
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Anthony Batzler
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Richard Pendegraft
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Abraham A Palmer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Hang Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Joanna M Biernacka
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Brandon J Coombes
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Joel Gelernter
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ke Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Nancy J Cox
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jordan W Smoller
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Precision Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lea K Davis
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Amy C Justice
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
- Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Henry R Kranzler
- Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Crescenz VAMC, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rachel L Kember
- Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Crescenz VAMC, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sandra Sanchez-Roige
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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Bánáti D, Hellman-Regen J, Mack I, Young HA, Benton D, Eggersdorfer M, Rohn S, Dulińska-Litewka J, Krężel W, Rühl R. Defining a vitamin A5/X specific deficiency - vitamin A5/X as a critical dietary factor for mental health. INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2024; 94:443-475. [PMID: 38904956 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
A healthy and balanced diet is an important factor to assure a good functioning of the central and peripheral nervous system. Retinoid X receptor (RXR)-mediated signaling was identified as an important mechanism of transmitting major diet-dependent physiological and nutritional signaling such as the control of myelination and dopamine signalling. Recently, vitamin A5/X, mainly present in vegetables as provitamin A5/X, was identified as a new concept of a vitamin which functions as the nutritional precursor for enabling RXR-mediated signaling. The active form of vitamin A5/X, 9-cis-13,14-dehydroretinoic acid (9CDHRA), induces RXR-activation, thereby acting as the central switch for enabling various heterodimer-RXR-signaling cascades involving various partner heterodimers like the fatty acid and eicosanoid receptors/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), the cholesterol receptors/liver X receptors (LXRs), the vitamin D receptor (VDR), and the vitamin A(1) receptors/retinoic acid receptors (RARs). Thus, nutritional supply of vitamin A5/X might be a general nutritional-dependent switch for enabling this large cascade of hormonal signaling pathways and thus appears important to guarantee an overall organism homeostasis. RXR-mediated signaling was shown to be dependent on vitamin A5/X with direct effects for beneficial physiological and neuro-protective functions mediated systemically or directly in the brain. In summary, through control of dopamine signaling, amyloid β-clearance, neuro-protection and neuro-inflammation, the vitamin A5/X - RXR - RAR - vitamin A(1)-signaling might be "one of" or even "the" critical factor(s) necessary for good mental health, healthy brain aging, as well as for preventing drug addiction and prevention of a large array of nervous system diseases. Likewise, vitamin A5/X - RXR - non-RAR-dependent signaling relevant for myelination/re-myelination and phagocytosis/brain cleanup will contribute to such regulations too. In this review we discuss the basic scientific background, logical connections and nutritional/pharmacological expert recommendations for the nervous system especially considering the ageing brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diána Bánáti
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Szeged, Hungary
| | - Julian Hellman-Regen
- Department of Psychiatry, Charité-Campus Benjamin Franklin, Section Neurobiology, University Medicine Berlin, Germany
| | - Isabelle Mack
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hayley A Young
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences, Swansea University, UK
| | - David Benton
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences, Swansea University, UK
| | - Manfred Eggersdorfer
- Department of Healthy Ageing, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), The Netherlands
| | - Sascha Rohn
- Department of Food Chemistry and Analysis, Institute of Food Technology and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Wojciech Krężel
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Inserm U1258, CNRS UMR 7104, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
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Ye Q, Chen M, Ma L. Genetic liability to elevated circulating IP-10, IFNγ and SCGFβ levels in relation to thoracic aortic aneurysm: A mendelian randomization study. Cytokine 2024; 178:156569. [PMID: 38484620 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2024.156569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Inflammation is associated with thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) but the effects of each circulating inflammatory factor on TAA remain unclear. In this study, we explored the relationship between circulating inflammatory factors and TAA risk using Mendelian randomization (MR) approach based on summary statistics from the latest genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 41 circulating inflammatory factors in 8293 Finns and a GWAS involving 1351 TAA cases and 18,295 controls of European ancestry. In univariable MR, higher interferon gamma-induced protein 10 (IP-10) levels, higher interferon gamma (IFNγ) levels and higher stem cell growth factor beta (SCGFβ) levels were associated with an increased risk of TAA (OR = 1.37, 95 % CI = 1.17-1.59, p = 7.42 × 10-5; OR = 1.43, 95 % CI = 1.19-1.74, p = 2.04 × 10-4; OR = 1.27, 95 % CI = 1.09-1.48, p = 2.40 × 10-3, respectively). In multivariable MR, the patterns of associations for the three cytokines remained adjusting for each other or smoking, but were attenuated differently with adjustment for other cardiovascular risk factors, especially for lipids and body mass index. Bidirectional MR approach did not identify any significant associations between cytokines and risk factors. Our results indicated that circulating cytokines may play mediation roles in the pathogenesis of TAA. Further studies are needed to determine whether these biomarkers can be used to prevent and treat TAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianxi Ye
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China
| | - Miao Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China
| | - Liang Ma
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China.
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Chen Z, Wu F, Shi Y, Guo Y, Xu J, Liang S, Huang Z, He G, Hu J, Zhu Q, Yu S, Yang S, Wu C, Tang W, Dong X, Ma W, Liu T. Association of Residential Greenness Exposure with Depression Incidence in Adults 50 Years of Age and Older: Findings from the Cohort Study on Global AGEing and Adult Health (SAGE) in China. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2024; 132:67004. [PMID: 38885140 PMCID: PMC11218708 DOI: 10.1289/ehp13947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is a social and public health problem of great concern globally. Identifying and managing the factors influencing depression are crucial for preventing and decreasing the burden of depression. OBJECTIVES Our objectives are to explore the association between residential greenness and the incidence of depression in an older Chinese population and to calculate the disease burden of depression prevented by greenness exposure. METHODS This study was the Chinese part of the World Health Organization Study on Global AGEing and Adult Health (WHO SAGE). We collected the data of 8,481 residents ≥ 50 years of age in China for the period 2007-2018. Average follow-up duration was 7.00 (± 2.51 ) years. Each participant was matched to the yearly maximum normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) at their residential address. Incidence of depression was assessed using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI), self-reports of depression, and/or taking depression medication. Association between greenness and depression was examined using the time-dependent Cox regression model with stratified analysis by sex, age, urbanicity, annual family income, region, smoking, drinking, and household cooking fuels. Furthermore, the prevented fraction (PF) and attributable number (AN) of depression prevented by exposure to greenness were estimated. RESULTS Residential greenness was negatively associated with depression. Each interquartile range (IQR) increase in NDVI 500 -m buffer was associated with a 40% decrease [hazard ratio ( HR ) = 0.60 ; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.37, 0.97] in the risk of depression incidence among the total participants. Subgroup analyses showed negative associations in urban residents (HR = 0.32 ; 95% CI: 0.12, 0.86) vs. rural residents, in high-income residents (HR = 0.28 ; 95% CI: 0.11, 0.71) vs. low-income residents, and in southern China (HR = 0.50 ; 95% CI: 0.26, 0.95) vs. northern China. Over 8.0% (PF = 8.69 % ; 95% CI: 1.38%, 15.40%) and 1,955,199 (95% CI: 310,492; 3,464,909) new cases of depression may be avoided by increasing greenness exposures annually across China. DISCUSSION The findings suggest protective effects of residential greenness exposure on depression incidence in the older population, particularly among urban residents, high-income residents, and participants living in southern China. The construction of residential greenness should be included in community planning. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP13947.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqing Chen
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- China Greater Bay Area Research Center of Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Viral Pathogenesis & Infection Prevention and Control (Jinan University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fan Wu
- Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Shi
- Shanghai Municipal Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanfei Guo
- Shanghai Municipal Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiahong Xu
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- China Greater Bay Area Research Center of Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuru Liang
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- China Greater Bay Area Research Center of Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongguo Huang
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- China Greater Bay Area Research Center of Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guanhao He
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- China Greater Bay Area Research Center of Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianxiong Hu
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- China Greater Bay Area Research Center of Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qijiong Zhu
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- China Greater Bay Area Research Center of Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siwen Yu
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- China Greater Bay Area Research Center of Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shangfeng Yang
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- China Greater Bay Area Research Center of Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cuiling Wu
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- China Greater Bay Area Research Center of Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiling Tang
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- China Greater Bay Area Research Center of Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaomei Dong
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjun Ma
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- China Greater Bay Area Research Center of Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Viral Pathogenesis & Infection Prevention and Control (Jinan University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- China Greater Bay Area Research Center of Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Viral Pathogenesis & Infection Prevention and Control (Jinan University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
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Xu L, Ma J, Yu Q, Zhu K, Wu X, Zhou C, Lin X. Evidence supported by Mendelian randomization: impact on inflammatory factors in knee osteoarthritis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1382836. [PMID: 38863887 PMCID: PMC11165061 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1382836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Prior investigations have indicated associations between Knee Osteoarthritis (KOA) and certain inflammatory cytokines, such as the interleukin series and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα). To further elaborate on these findings, our investigation utilizes Mendelian randomization to explore the causal relationships between KOA and 91 inflammatory cytokines. Methods This two-sample Mendelian randomization utilized genetic variations associated with KOA from a large, publicly accessible Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS), comprising 2,227 cases and 454,121 controls of European descent. The genetic data for inflammatory cytokines were obtained from a GWAS summary involving 14,824 individuals of European ancestry. Causal relationships between exposures and outcomes were primarily investigated using the inverse variance weighted method. To enhance the robustness of the research results, other methods were combined to assist, such as weighted median, weighted model and so on. Multiple sensitivity analysis, including MR-Egger, MR-PRESSO and leave one out, was also carried out. These different analytical methods are used to enhance the validity and reliability of the final results. Results The results of Mendelian randomization indicated that Adenosine Deaminase (ADA), Fibroblast Growth Factor 5(FGF5), and Hepatocyte growth factor (HFG) proteins are protective factors for KOA (IVWADA: OR = 0.862, 95% CI: 0.771-0.963, p = 0.008; IVWFGF5: OR = 0.850, 95% CI: 0.764-0.946, p = 0.003; IVWHFG: OR = 0.798, 95% CI: 0.642-0.991, p = 0.042), while Tumor necrosis factor (TNFα), Colony-stimulating factor 1(CSF1), and Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 12(TWEAK) proteins are risk factors for KOA. (IVWTNFα: OR = 1.319, 95% CI: 1.067-1.631, p = 0.011; IVWCSF1: OR = 1.389, 95% CI: 1.125-1.714, p = 0.002; IVWTWEAK: OR = 1.206, 95% CI: 1.016-1.431, p = 0.032). Conclusion The six proteins identified in this study demonstrate a close association with the onset of KOA, offering valuable insights for future therapeutic interventions. These findings contribute to the growing understanding of KOA at the microscopic protein level, paving the way for potential targeted therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilei Xu
- Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiaqi Ma
- Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qing Yu
- Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kean Zhu
- Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuewen Wu
- Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chuanlong Zhou
- Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Acupuncture, Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xianming Lin
- Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Acupuncture, Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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Skåra KH, Hernáez Á, Næss Ø, Fraser A, Lawlor DA, Burgess S, Brumpton BM, Magnus MC. Cardiovascular disease risk factors and infertility: multivariable analyses and one-sample Mendelian randomization analyses in the Trøndelag Health Study. Hum Reprod Open 2024; 2024:hoae033. [PMID: 38911051 PMCID: PMC11190059 DOI: 10.1093/hropen/hoae033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Are cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors causally associated with higher risk of infertility among women and men? SUMMARY ANSWER We found evidence to support a causal relationship between smoking initiation and history of infertility in women. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Several CVD risk factors are associated with history of infertility. Previous studies using Mendelian randomization (MR) further support a causal relationship between BMI and infertility in women. STUDY DESIGN SIZE DURATION We used data from the Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT) in Norway, a prospective population-based cohort study, including 26 811 women and 15 598 men participating in three survey collections in 1995-1997 (HUNT2), 2006-2008 (HUNT3), and 2017-2019 (HUNT4). PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS SETTING METHODS Our outcome was women's self-reported history of infertility, defined as ever having tried to conceive for 12 months or more or having used ART. We assigned the history of infertility reported by women to their male partners; therefore, the measure of infertility was on the couple level. We used both conventional multivariable analyses and one-sample MR analyses to evaluate the association between female and male CVD risk factors (including BMI, blood pressure, lipid profile measurements, and smoking behaviours) and history of infertility in women and men, separately. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE A total of 4702 women (18%) and 2508 men (16%) were classified with a history of infertility. We found a higher risk of infertility among female smokers compared to non-smokers in both multivariable and MR analyses (odds ratio (OR) in multivariable analysis, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.12-1.28; OR in MR analysis, 1.13; CI, 1.02-1.26), and potentially for higher BMI (OR in multivariable analysis, 1.13; CI, 1.09-1.18; OR in MR analysis, 1.11, CI, 0.92-1.34). In multivariable analysis in women, we also found evidence of associations between triglyceride levels, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, lifetime smoking index, and smoking intensity with higher risk of infertility. However, these results were not consistent in MR analyses. We found no robust or consistent associations between male CVD risk factors and infertility. LIMITATIONS REASONS FOR CAUTION Our main limitation was that the CVD risk factors measured might not adequately capture the relevant time periods for when couples were trying to conceive. Additionally, we did not have information on causes of infertility in either women or men. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Women with infertility could have a worse CVD risk factor profile and thus public health interventions aimed at reducing the impact of some CVD risk factors, such as smoking and BMI, could reduce the burden of infertility. However, additional MR studies of the relationship between CVD risk factors and infertility with a larger sample size would be of value. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTERESTS The study was supported by a grant from the European Research Council under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant agreements no. 947684). This research was also supported by the Research Council of Norway through its Centres of Excellence funding scheme (project no. 262700) and partly funded by the Research Council of Norway, project: Women's fertility-an essential component of health and well-being (project no. 320656). D.A.L. and A.F. work in a unit that is supported by the University of Bristol and the UK Medical Research Council (MC_UU_00011/6). D.A.L.'s contribution to the article is supported by the European Research Council (101021566), the British Heart Foundation (CH/F/20/90003 and AA/18/7/34219). S.B.'s contribution to the article is supported by the Wellcome Trust (225790/Z/22/Z). B.M.B. is funded by The Liaison Committee for education, research and innovation in Central Norway; and the Joint Research Committee between St. Olavs Hospital and the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU. The genotyping in HUNT was financed by the National Institute of Health (NIH); University of Michigan; The Research Council of Norway; The Liaison Committee for education, research and innovation in Central Norway; and the Joint Research Committee between St. Olavs Hospital and the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU. None of the funding organizations influenced the study design, reporting, or interpretation of results. The views expressed in the present article are those of the authors and not necessarily any acknowledged funding organization. D.A.L. reports grants from Medtronic Ltd and Roche Diagnostics outside the submitted work. The other authors have no conflicts of interest. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karoline H Skåra
- Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Community Medicine and Global Health, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Álvaro Hernáez
- Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Blanquerna School of Health Sciences, Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Øyvind Næss
- Department of Community Medicine and Global Health, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Abigail Fraser
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Deborah A Lawlor
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Stephen Burgess
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ben M Brumpton
- HUNT Center for Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
- Clinic of Medicine, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Maria C Magnus
- Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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Ni Y, Zhang D, Tang W, Xiang L, Cheng X, Zhang Y, Feng Y. Body mass index, smoking behavior, and depression mediated the effects of schizophrenia on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: trans-ethnic Mendelian-randomization analysis. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1405107. [PMID: 38846919 PMCID: PMC11155452 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1405107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies have highlighted the association between schizophrenia (SCZ) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), yet the causal relationship remains unestablished. Methods Under the genome-wide significance threshold (P<5×10-8), data from individuals of European (EUR) and East Asian (EAS) ancestries with SCZ were selected for analysis. Univariable Mendelian randomization (MR) explored the causal relationship between SCZ and COPD. Linkage disequilibrium score (LDSC) regression was used to calculate genetic correlation, while multivariable and mediation MR further investigated the roles of six confounding factors and their mediating effects. The primary method utilized was inverse-variance weighted (IVW), complemented by a series of sensitivity analyses and false discovery rate (FDR) correction. Results LDSC analysis revealed a significant genetic correlation between SCZ and COPD within EUR ancestry (rg = 0.141, P = 6.16×10-7), with no such correlation found in EAS ancestry. IVW indicated a significant causal relationship between SCZ and COPD in EUR ancestry (OR = 1.042, 95% CI 1.013-1.071, P = 0.003, PFDR = 0.015). Additionally, replication datasets provide evidence of consistent causal associations(P < 0.05 & PFDR < 0.05). Multivariable and mediation MR analyses identified body mass index (BMI)(Mediation effect: 50.57%, P = 0.02), age of smoking initiation (Mediation effect: 27.42%, P = 0.02), and major depressive disorder (MDD) (Mediation effect: 60.45%, P = 6.98×10-5) as partial mediators of this causal relationship. No causal associations were observed in EAS (OR = 0.971, 95% CI 0.875-1.073, P = 0.571, PFDR = 0.761) ancestry. No causal associations were found in the reverse analysis across the four ancestries (P > 0.05 & PFDR > 0.05). Conclusions This study confirmed a causal relationship between SCZ and the risk of COPD in EUR ancestry, with BMI, smoking, and MDD serving as key mediators. Future research on a larger scale is necessary to validate the generalizability of these findings across other ancestries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Ni
- Department of Dermatovenereology, Chengdu Second People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - DaWei Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chengdu Second People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenlong Tang
- Department of Dermatovenereology, Chengdu Second People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Liming Xiang
- Department of Dermatovenereology, Chengdu Second People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoding Cheng
- Department of Dermatovenereology, Chengdu Second People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Youqian Zhang
- Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Yanyan Feng
- Department of Dermatovenereology, Chengdu Second People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Park SK, Oh CM, Kim E, Ryoo JH, Jung JY. The longitudinal analysis for the association between smoking and the risk of depressive symptoms. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:364. [PMID: 38750466 PMCID: PMC11094926 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05828-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite high smoking rate in people with depressive symptoms, there is ongoing debate about relationship between smoking and depressive symptoms. METHODS Study participants were 57,441 Korean men. We collected their baseline data between 2011 and 2012, and conducted follow-up from 2013 to 2019. They were categorized by smoking status (never: < 100 cigarettes smoking in life time, former: currently quitting smoking, and current smoker: currently smoking), smoking amount (pack/day and pack-year) and urine cotinine excretion. The development of depressive symptoms was determined in CES-D score ≥ 16. Cox proportional hazards model was used to analyze the multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for depressive symptoms in relation to smoking status, smoking amount, and urine cotinine excretion. RESULTS During 6.7 years of median follow-up, the risk of depressive symptoms increased in order of never (reference), former (HR = 1.08, 95% CI: 1.01-1.15) and current smoker (HR = 1.24, 95% CI: 1.16-1.32). Among current smoker, the risk of depressive symptoms increased proportionally to daily smoking amount (< 1 pack; HR = 1.21, 95% CI: 1.13-1.29, and ≥ 1 pack; HR = 1.34, 95% CI: 1.23 - 1.45). This pattern of relationship was consistently observed for pack-year in former smoker and current smoker. Additionally, urine cotinine excretion was proportionally associated with the risk of depressive symptoms. CONCLUSION Exposure to smoking was associated with the increased risk of depressive symptoms. Dose dependent relationship was observed between smoking amount and the risk of depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Keun Park
- Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang-Mo Oh
- Departments of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eugene Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Hong Ryoo
- Departments of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ju Young Jung
- Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University, School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Zhao Y, Pang J, Fang X, Yan Z, Yang H, Deng Q, Ma T, Lv M, Li Y, Tu Z, Zou L. Causal relationships between modifiable risk factors and polycystic ovary syndrome: a comprehensive Mendelian randomization study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1348368. [PMID: 38779450 PMCID: PMC11109383 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1348368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a heritable condition with an as yet unclear etiology. Various factors, such as genetics, lifestyle, environment, inflammation, insulin resistance, hyperandrogenism, iron metabolism, and gut microbiota, have been proposed as potential contributors to PCOS. Nevertheless, a systematic assessment of modifiable risk factors and their causal effects on PCOS is lacking. This study aims to establish a comprehensive profile of modifiable risk factors for PCOS by utilizing a two-sample Mendelian Randomization (MR) framework. Methods After identifying over 400 modifiable risk factors, we employed a two-sample MR approach, including the Inverse Variance Weighted (IVW) method, Weighted Median method, and MR-Egger, to investigate their causal associations with PCOS. The reliability of our estimates underwent rigorous examination through sensitivity analyses, encompassing Cochran's Q test, MR-Egger intercept analysis, leave-one-out analysis, and funnel plots. Results We discovered that factors such as smoking per day, smoking initiation, body mass index, basal metabolic rate, waist-to-hip ratio, whole body fat mass, trunk fat mass, overall health rating, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (22:6n-3) in blood, monounsaturated fatty acids, other polyunsaturated fatty acids apart from 18:2 in blood, omega-3 fatty acids, ratio of bisallylic groups to double bonds, omega-9 and saturated fatty acids, total lipids in medium VLDL, phospholipids in medium VLDL, phospholipids in very large HDL, triglycerides in very large HDL, the genus Oscillibacter, the genus Alistipes, the genus Ruminiclostridium 9, the class Mollicutes, and the phylum Tenericutes, showed a significant effect on heightening genetic susceptibility of PCOS. In contrast, factors including fasting insulin interaction with body mass index, sex hormone-binding globulin, iron, ferritin, SDF1a, college or university degree, years of schooling, household income, the genus Enterorhabdus, the family Bifidobacteriaceae, the order Bifidobacteriales, the class Actinobacteria, and the phylum Actinobacteria were determined to reduce risk of PCOS. Conclusion This study innovatively employs the MR method to assess causal relationships between 400 modifiable risk factors and the susceptibility of PCOS risk. It supports causal links between factors like smoking, BMI, and various blood lipid levels and PCOS. These findings offer novel insights into potential strategies for the management and treatment of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuheng Zhao
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Graduate School of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Jinglin Pang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Graduate School of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xingyi Fang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zhaohua Yan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Haili Yang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Qinghua Deng
- Department of Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Tianzhong Ma
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Mengqi Lv
- Department of Pathology, Southwest Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yingying Li
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Graduate School of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Ziying Tu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Graduate School of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Lin Zou
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
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Woolf B, Gill D, Grant AJ, Burgess S. MVMRmode: Introducing an R package for plurality valid estimators for multivariable Mendelian randomisation. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0291183. [PMID: 38713711 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mendelian randomisation (MR) is the use of genetic variants as instrumental variables. Mode-based estimators (MBE) are one of the most popular types of estimators used in univariable-MR studies and is often used as a sensitivity analysis for pleiotropy. However, because there are no plurality valid regression estimators, modal estimators for multivariable-MR have been under-explored. METHODS We use the residual framework for multivariable-MR to introduce two multivariable modal estimators: multivariable-MBE, which uses IVW to create residuals fed into a traditional plurality valid estimator, and an estimator which instead has the residuals fed into the contamination mixture method (CM), multivariable-CM. We then use Monte-Carlo simulations to explore the performance of these estimators when compared to existing ones and re-analyse the data used by Grant and Burgess (2021) looking at the causal effect of intelligence, education, and household income on Alzheimer's disease as an applied example. RESULTS In our simulation, we found that multivariable-MBE was generally too variable to be much use. Multivariable-CM produced more precise estimates on the other hand. Multivariable-CM performed better than MR-Egger in almost all settings, and Weighted Median under balanced pleiotropy. However, it underperformed Weighted Median when there was a moderate amount of directional pleiotropy. Our re-analysis supported the conclusion of Grant and Burgess (2021), that intelligence had a protective effect on Alzheimer's disease, while education, and household income do not have a causal effect. CONCLUSIONS Here we introduced two, non-regression-based, plurality valid estimators for multivariable MR. Of these, "multivariable-CM" which uses IVW to create residuals fed into a contamination-mixture model, performed the best. This estimator uses a plurality of variants valid assumption, and appears to provide precise and unbiased estimates in the presence of balanced pleiotropy and small amounts of directional pleiotropy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Woolf
- School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Dipender Gill
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J Grant
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Stephen Burgess
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Wang J, Song M, Cao M. The causal role of multiple psycho-emotional disorders in gastroesophageal reflux disease: A two-sample Mendelian randomized study. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0302469. [PMID: 38709755 PMCID: PMC11073702 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Observational studies have previously shown a potential link between psycho-emotional disorders, such as mood swings, highly strung, anxious feelings, and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). However, the credibility of these associations could be influenced by various confounding factors. Consequently, our study sought to employ a Mendelian randomization (MR) approach to elucidate a potential causal relationship between psycho-emotional disorders and GERD. METHOD Information on independent genetic variants linked to mood swings, highly strung, and anxious feelings was gathered from European populations participating in the IEU Open GWAS research. The FinnGen Consortium provided the genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics for GERD. Our analysis employed the inverse variance weighted (IVW) method under the random effects model as the main analytical method. To further bolster our findings, we employed the weighted median and MR Egger methods. In addition, we conducted a series of sensitivity analyses. RESULTS Our study supports the existence of a causal relationship between psycho-emotional disorders and GERD. Mood swings, highly strung, and anxious feelings adversely affected GERD risk (mood swings: OR 2.21, 95% CI 1.19-5.59, p = 3.09 × 10-2; highly strung: OR 5.63, 95% CI 1.77-17.94, p = 3.42 × 10-3; anxious feelings: OR 2.48, 95% CI 1.08-4.33, p = 2.89 × 10-2). CONCLUSION This Mendelian randomization study provides robust support for the notion that mood swings, highly strung and anxious feelings, are associated with an increased risk of developing GERD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Zhengzhou, China
| | - Meng Song
- Cancer Center, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mingbo Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Zhengzhou, China
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Xiao Y, Huang S, Hong Z, Tan D. No Causal Association Between Genetic Markers of Smoking Behaviors and Genetic Markers of Atopic Dermatitis®: Evidence From a Mendelian Randomization Study. Dermatitis 2024; 35:312-313. [PMID: 37585614 DOI: 10.1089/derm.2023.0080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yangjian Xiao
- Department of Dermatology, The Second People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Shengbo Huang
- Department of Dermatology, The Second People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Zhiyu Hong
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Deyou Tan
- Department of Dermatology, The Second People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
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Huang X, Zhang J, Liang J, Duan Y, Xie W, Zheng F. Association of Cardiovascular Health With Risk of Incident Depression and Anxiety. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2024; 32:539-549. [PMID: 37968161 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2023.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between cardiovascular health (CVH), defined by the American Heart Association's Life's Essential 8 (LE8) score, and incident depression and anxiety. DESIGN A prospective cohort study using data from UK Biobank. SETTING Participants were enrolled from March 2006 to October 2010. PARTICIPANTS Participants without cardiovascular diseases and common mental disorders at baseline and having complete data on metrics of LE8 were included. MEASUREMENTS CVH was assessed by LE8 score including eight components. The overall CVH was categorized as low (LE8 score <50), moderate (50≤ LE8 score <80), and high (LE8 score ≥80). RESULTS We included 115,855 participants (mean age: 55.7 years; female: 52.6%). During a median follow-up of 12.4 years, 3,194 (2.8%) and 4,005 (3.5%) participants had incident depression and anxiety, respectively. Compared with participants having low CVH, those having moderate and high CVH had 37% (HR = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.57-0.70) and 52% (HR = 0.48, 95% CI: 0.41-0.55) lower risk of incident depression. Similarly, moderate and high CVH were related to a lower risk of incident anxiety (HR = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.73-0.89 and HR = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.60-0.78). Restricted cubic spline showed that LE8 score was inversely related to incident depression and anxiety in a linear manner, and the risk of incident depression and anxiety decreased by 17% (HR = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.80-0.85) and 10% (HR = 0.90, 95% CI: 0.88-0.92) for 10-point increment in LE8 score, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Higher CVH, evaluated by LE8 score, is strongly associated with a lower risk of incident depression and anxiety, suggesting the significance of optimizing CVH by adopting LE8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinghe Huang
- School of Nursing (XH, JZ, JL, FZ), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Junyu Zhang
- School of Nursing (XH, JZ, JL, FZ), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Liang
- School of Nursing (XH, JZ, JL, FZ), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yanping Duan
- Department of Psychological Medicine (YD), Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wuxiang Xie
- Peking University Clinical Research Institute (WX), Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fanfan Zheng
- School of Nursing (XH, JZ, JL, FZ), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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Ma Z, Ma Z. Relationship between stable smoking behavior and cognitive function in male schizophrenia patients. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 173:296-301. [PMID: 38555677 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the relationship between stable smoking behavior and cognitive function in male schizophrenia patients. METHODS A simple random sampling method is applied to select 120 patients with schizophrenia admitted to a hospital from August 2020 to December 2022 as the subjects. They are divided into two groups based on whether they smoked or not. Their cognitive function is evaluated using the Stroop test (SWCT), continuous task test (CPT), and Chinese version of the Schizophrenic Cognitive Function Battery Test (MCCB). The Spearman correlation analysis is applied to verify the correlation between smoking behavior and SWCT, CPT, and MCCB in patients. Additionally, the Fagerstrom Nicotine Dependence Scale (FTND) is used to evaluate the nicotine dependence degree in smoking group patients. Pearson correlation analysis verifies the correlation between nicotine dependence and SWCT, CPT, MCCB in smoking group patients. RESULTS Among 120 patients include in this study, 3 have symptoms during the trial period, and 1 patient has an error in filling out the questionnaire, all of which are excluded. Finally, 116 valid documents are collected, with an effective recovery rate of 96.67%. According to the SWCT test results, the number of single word errors, single word time, double word errors, and double word time in the smoking group exceed the non-smoking group (P < 0.05). According to the CPT test results, the number of correct reactions in the smoking group is below the non-smoking group. The correct average reaction time, error rate of interference items, and error rate of ineffective items exceed the non-smoking group (P < 0.05). According to the MCCB test results, the scores of connectivity, visual spatial memory, and continuous operation test in the smoking group are below the non-smoking group (P < 0.05). The Spearman correlation analysis results show that stable smoking behavior in male schizophrenia patients is positively correlated with the number of single word errors, double word errors, double word time, correct mean reaction time, interference item error rate, and invalid item error rate (r = 0.216-0.524, P < 0.05). It is also positively correlated with the number of correct reactions, immediate memory, language function, delayed memory, MCCB connectivity, visual spatial memory, and continuous operation (r = -0.212-0.356, P < 0.05). The Pearson correlation analysis results show that the nicotine dependence degree in stable male schizophrenia patients is negatively correlated with monochromatic error count, immediate memory, visual span, attention, and MCCB scores (r = -0.321-0.930, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Smoking in male schizophrenic patients may have impacts on their cognitive function. This impact worsens as the patient's nicotine dependence increases, especially on their memory function. Effective measures should be taken in clinical practice to correct patients' smoking behavior, reduce their nicotine dependence, and improve their cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongzi Ma
- Psychiatry, Mental Health Center of Xuhui District, Shanghai 200232, China
| | - Zhongnv Ma
- Functional Laboratory, Basic Medicine College, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China.
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Zhang X, Wang P, Dang Q, Huang X, Xiao Y, Guan B. Inflammatory cytokines and risk of allergic rhinitis: A Mendelian randomization study. Cytokine 2024; 177:156547. [PMID: 38373366 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2024.156547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological and experimental evidences have implicated chronic inflammation in the association with allergic rhinitis (AR). However, it remains unclear whether specific circulating cytokines are the cause of AR or the consequence of bias. To examine whether genetic-predicted changes in circulating cytokine concentrations are related to the occurrence of AR, we conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. METHODS We investigated the causal effects of 26 circulating inflammatory cytokines on AR through MR analysis. The primary method employed in this study was the inverse variance-weighted (IVW) method. Sensitivity analyses were conducted using simple median, weighted median, penalized weighted median, and MR-Egger regression. RESULTS Our study revealed suggestive evidence that higher levels of circulating IL-18 (OR per one standard deviation [SD] increase: 1.006; 95 % CI, 1.002 to 1.011; P = 0.006, PFDR = 0.067, random-effects IVW method) and Macrophage inflammatory protein-1α (MIP-1α) (OR per one SD increase: 1.015; 95 % CI, 1.004 to 1.026; P = 0.009, PFDR = 0.048, random-effects IVW method) were associated with an increased risk of AR. Conversely, higher levels of circulating TRAIL were associated with a decreased risk of AR (OR per one SD increase: 0.993; 95 % CI, 0.989 to 0.997; P = 4.58E-4, PFDR = 0.004, random-effects IVW method). Only the results of TRAIL exist after Bonferroni-correction (the p-value < 0.0019). Sensitivity analysis yielded directionally consistent results. No significant associations were observed between other circulating inflammatory cytokines and AR. CONCLUSION Genetically predicted levels of IL-18, and MIP-1α are likely to associated with an increased risk of AR occurrence. Genetically predicted levels of TRAIL are statistically significant in reducing the risk of AR occurrence. However, the current research evidence does not support an impact of other inflammatory cytokines on the risk of AR. Future studies are needed to provide additional evidence to support the current conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhang
- Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Jiangdu People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Province 225200 China
| | - Qiuling Dang
- Department of Digestive Medicine, Nanbu People 's Hospital, Sichuan Province 637300, China
| | - Xueqin Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523000, China
| | - Yingjie Xiao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China.
| | - Bing Guan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China.
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Xie S, Zhang R, Tang Y, Dai Q. Exploring causal correlations between inflammatory cytokines and Ménière's disease: a Mendelian randomization. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1373723. [PMID: 38742115 PMCID: PMC11089180 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1373723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Previous studies have highlighted associations between certain inflammatory cytokines and Ménière's Disease (MD), such as interleukin (IL) -13 and IL-1β. This Mendelian randomization aims to comprehensively evaluate the causal relationships between 91 inflammatory cytokines and MD. Methods A comprehensive two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was conducted to determine the causal association between inflammatory cytokines and MD. Utilizing publicly accessible genetic datasets, we explored causal links between 91 inflammatory cytokines and MD risk. Comprehensive sensitivity analyses were employed to assess the robustness, heterogeneity, and presence of horizontal pleiotropy in our findings. Results Our findings indicate that MD causally influences the levels of two cytokine types: IL-10 (P=0.048, OR=0.945, 95%CI =0.894~1.000) and Neurotrophin-3 (P=0.045, OR=0954, 95%CI =0.910~0.999). Furthermore, three cytokines exhibited significant causal effects on MD: CD40L receptor (P=0.008, OR=0.865, 95%CI =0.777-0.963), Delta and Notch-like epidermal growth factor-related receptor (DNER) (P=0.010, OR=1.216, 95%CI =1.048-1.412), and STAM binding protein (P=0.044, OR=0.776, 95%CI =0.606-0.993). Conclusion This study suggests that the CD40L receptor, DNER, and STAM binding protein could potentially serve as upstream determinants of MD. Furthermore, our results imply that when MD is regarded as the exposure variable in MR analysis, it may causally correlate with elevated levels of IL-10 and Neurotrophin-3. Using these cytokines for MD diagnosis or as potential therapeutic targets holds great clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- SongTao Xie
- Hearing Center/Hearing and Speech Laboratory, Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Hearing and Speech Rehabilitation, West China School of Clinical Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, West China TianFu Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - RuoFeng Zhang
- Otolaryngology Department, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - YuRou Tang
- Hearing Center/Hearing and Speech Laboratory, Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Hearing and Speech Rehabilitation, West China School of Clinical Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, West China TianFu Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - QingQing Dai
- Hearing Center/Hearing and Speech Laboratory, Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Hearing and Speech Rehabilitation, West China School of Clinical Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, West China TianFu Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Jin T, Seo J, Ye S, Lee S, Park EY, Oh JK, Han C, Kim B. Suicide mortality following the implementation of tobacco packaging and pricing policies in Korea: an interrupted time-series analysis. BMC Med 2024; 22:180. [PMID: 38679738 PMCID: PMC11057188 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-024-03372-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To prevent tobacco use in Korea, the national quitline number was added to tobacco packages in December 2012, tobacco prices were raised by 80% in January 2015, and graphic health warning labels were placed on tobacco packages in December 2016. This study evaluated the association of these tobacco packaging and pricing policies with suicide mortality in Korea. METHODS Monthly mortality from suicide was obtained from Cause-of-Death Statistics in Korea from December 2007 to December 2019. Interrupted time-series analysis was performed using segmented Poisson regression models. Relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated adjusted for suicide prevention strategies. RESULTS Suicide mortality was 20 per 1,000,000 in December 2007 and showed a downward trend over the study period. After the implementation of tobacco packaging and pricing policies, suicide mortality immediately declined by - 0.09 percent points (95% CI = - 0.19 to 0.01; P > 0.05) for the national quitline number, - 0.22 percent points (95% CI = - 0.35 to - 0.09; P < 0.01) for tobacco prices, and - 0.30 percent points (95% CI = - 0.49 to - 0.11; P < 0.01) for graphic health warning labels. The corresponding RRs for these post-implementation changes compared with the pre-implementation level were 0.91 (95% CI = 0.83 to 1.00), 0.80 (95% CI = 0.70 to 0.91), and 0.74 (95% CI = 0.61 to 0.90), respectively. Significant associations between tobacco control policies and suicide mortality were observed even when stratified by sex and region. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study provide new evidence for an association between tobacco control policies and deaths by suicide. An array of effective tobacco control policies should be considered for prevention programs targeting suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiyue Jin
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-Ro, Ilsandong-Gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi, 10408, South Korea
| | - Juhee Seo
- Vital Statistics Division, Statistics Korea, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Shinhee Ye
- Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute, Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Seulbi Lee
- Department of Big Data Strategy, National Health Insurance Service, Wonju, South Korea
| | - Eun Young Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin-Kyoung Oh
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-Ro, Ilsandong-Gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi, 10408, South Korea
- Department of Cancer Control and Population Health, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Changwoo Han
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Byungmi Kim
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-Ro, Ilsandong-Gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi, 10408, South Korea.
- Department of Cancer Control and Population Health, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, South Korea.
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Chen Z, Guo Y, Sun H, Zhang W, Hou S, Guo Y, Ma X, Meng H. Exploration of the causal associations between circulating inflammatory proteins, immune cells, and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study and mediation analysis. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 16:1394738. [PMID: 38737586 PMCID: PMC11088236 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1394738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Background An increasing body of research has demonstrated a robust correlation between circulating inflammatory proteins and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD). However, whether this association is causal or whether immune cells act as mediators currently remains unclear. Methods We employed bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (TSMR) analysis to examine the potential causal association between circulating inflammatory proteins, immune cells, and NMOSD using data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Five different methods for Mendelian randomization analyses were applied, with the inverse variance-weighted (IVW) method being the primary approach. Sensitivity analyses were further performed to assess the presence of horizontal pleiotropy and heterogeneity in the results. Finally, a two-step Mendelian randomization (MR) design was employed to examine the potential mediating effects of immune cells. Results A notable causal relationship was observed between three circulating inflammatory proteins (CSF-1, IL-24, and TNFRSF9) and genetically predicted NMOSD. Furthermore, two immune cell phenotypes, genetically predicted CD8 on naive CD8+ T cells, and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Absolute Count were negatively and positively associated with genetically predicted NMOSD, respectively, although they did not appear to function as mediators. Conclusion Circulating inflammatory proteins and immune cells are causally associated with NMOSD. Immune cells do not appear to mediate the pathway linking circulating inflammatory proteins to NMOSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqing Chen
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yujin Guo
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Huaiyu Sun
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wuqiong Zhang
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shuai Hou
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yu Guo
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaohui Ma
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hongmei Meng
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Pan T, Bai L, Zhu D, Wei Y, Zhao Q, Feng F, Wang Z, Xu Y, Zhou X. The causal relationship between genetically predicted blood metabolites and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: A bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300423. [PMID: 38626141 PMCID: PMC11020755 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous metabolomic studies have confirmed the pivotal role of metabolic abnormalities in the development of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Nevertheless, there is a lack of evidence on the causal relationship between circulating metabolites and the risk of IPF. METHODS The potential causality between 486 blood metabolites and IPF was determined through a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (TSMR) analysis. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) involving 7,824 participants was performed to analyze metabolite data, and a GWAS meta-analysis involving 6,257 IPF cases and 947,616 control European subjects was conducted to analyze IPF data. The TSMR analysis was performed primarily with the inverse variance weighted model, supplemented by weighted mode, MR-Egger regression, and weighted median estimators. A battery of sensitivity analyses was performed, including horizontal pleiotropy assessment, heterogeneity test, Steiger test, and leave-one-out analysis. Furthermore, replication analysis and meta-analysis were conducted with another GWAS dataset of IPF containing 4,125 IPF cases and 20,464 control subjects. Mediation analyses were used to identify the mediating role of confounders in the effect of metabolites on IPF. RESULTS There were four metabolites associated with the elevated risk of IPF, namely glucose (odds ratio [OR] = 2.49, 95% confidence interval [95%CI] = 1.13-5.49, P = 0.024), urea (OR = 6.24, 95% CI = 1.77-22.02, P = 0.004), guanosine (OR = 1.57, 95%CI = 1.07-2.30, P = 0.021), and ADpSGEGDFXAEGGGVR (OR = 1.70, 95%CI = 1.00-2.88, P = 0.0496). Of note, the effect of guanosine on IPF was found to be mediated by gastroesophageal reflux disease. Reverse Mendelian randomization analysis displayed that IPF might slightly elevate guanosine levels in the blood. CONCLUSION Conclusively, hyperglycemia may confer a promoting effect on IPF, highlighting that attention should be paid to the relationship between diabetes and IPF, not solely to the diagnosis of diabetes. Additionally, urea, guanosine, and ADpSGEGDFXAEGGGVR also facilitate the development of IPF. This study may provide a reference for analyzing the potential mechanism of IPF and carry implications for the prevention and treatment of IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingyu Pan
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Le Bai
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dongwei Zhu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yun Wei
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fanchao Feng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhichao Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yong Xu
- School of Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xianmei Zhou
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Qu K, Li MX, Gan L, Cui ZT, Li JJ, Yang R, Dong M. To analyze the relationship between gut microbiota, metabolites and migraine: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1325047. [PMID: 38690367 PMCID: PMC11058981 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1325047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background It has been suggested in several observational studies that migraines are associated with the gut microbiota. It remains unclear, however, how the gut microbiota and migraines are causally related. Methods We performed a bidirectional two-sample mendelian randomization study. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics for the gut microbiota were obtained from the MiBioGen consortium (n = 18,340) and the Dutch Microbiota Project (n = 7,738). Pooled GWAS data for plasma metabolites were obtained from four different human metabolomics studies. GWAS summary data for migraine (cases = 48,975; controls = 450,381) were sourced from the International Headache Genetics Consortium. We used inverse-variance weighting as the primary analysis. Multiple sensitivity analyses were performed to ensure the robustness of the estimated results. We also conducted reverse mendelian randomization when a causal relationship between exposure and migraine was found. Results LachnospiraceaeUCG001 (OR = 1.12, 95% CI: 1.05-1.20) was a risk factor for migraine. Blautia (OR = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.88-0.99), Eubacterium (nodatum group; OR = 0.94, 95% CI: 0.90-0.98), and Bacteroides fragilis (OR = 0.97, 95% CI: 0.94-1.00) may have a suggestive association with a lower migraine risk. Functional pathways of methionine synthesis (OR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.83-0.95) associated with microbiota abundance and plasma hydrocinnamate (OR = 0.85, 95% CI: 0.73-1.00), which are downstream metabolites of Blautia and Bacteroides fragilis, respectively, may also be associated with lower migraine risk. No causal association between migraine and the gut microbiota or metabolites was found in reverse mendelian randomization analysis. Both significant horizontal pleiotropy and significant heterogeneity were not clearly identified. Conclusion This Mendelian randomization analysis showed that LachnospiraceaeUCG001 was associated with an increased risk of migraine, while some bacteria in the gut microbiota may reduce migraine risk. These findings provide a reference for a deeper comprehension of the role of the gut-brain axis in migraine as well as possible targets for treatment interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ming Dong
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Yuan Z, Lei W, Xing X, He X, Huang X, Wei L, Lv Y, Qiu S, Yuan Z, Wang J, Yang M. Genetic association between smoking and DLCO in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis patients. BMC Pulm Med 2024; 24:163. [PMID: 38570751 PMCID: PMC10993445 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-024-02974-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Observational studies have shown that smoking is related to the diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide (DLCO) in individuals with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Nevertheless, further investigation is needed to determine the causal effect between these two variables. Therefore, we conducted a study to investigate the causal relationship between smoking and DLCO in IPF patients using two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. METHODS Large-scale genome-wide association study (GWAS) datasets from individuals of European descent were analysed. These datasets included published lifetime smoking index (LSI) data for 462,690 participants and DLCO data for 975 IPF patients. The inverse-variance weighting (IVW) method was the main method used in our analysis. Sensitivity analyses were performed by MR‒Egger regression, Cochran's Q test, the leave-one-out test and the MR-PRESSO global test. RESULTS A genetically predicted increase in LSI was associated with a decrease in DLCO in IPF patients [ORIVW = 0.54; 95% CI 0.32-0.93; P = 0.02]. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggested that smoking is associated with a decrease in DLCO. Patients diagnosed with IPF should adopt an active and healthy lifestyle, especially by quitting smoking, which may be effective at slowing the progression of IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziheng Yuan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Yunnan Molecular Diagnostic Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Wanyang Lei
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Yunnan Molecular Diagnostic Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiqian Xing
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care, Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaohua He
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care, Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaoxian Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care, Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Li Wei
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care, Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Yuanyuan Lv
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care, Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Shuyi Qiu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Ziyu Yuan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Yunnan Cancer Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 650118, Kunming, China
| | - Jiyang Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Kunming, China.
| | - Mei Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care, Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Kunming, China.
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